176 lines
20 KiB
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176 lines
20 KiB
XML
<document id="984A347CC5791AA28057358060A83872" ID-CLB-Dataset="5854" ID-DOI="10.1206/3846.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="5952fb20-23c6-4cd8-bafb-bc3a5f365fb1" ID-ISSN="0003-0082" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4598312" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1615481217644" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Gunnell, Gregg F., Butler, Percy M., Greenwood, Marjorie & Simmons, Nancy B." docDate="2015" docId="B62087D71426FF94FDA68D66FDC91293" docLanguage="en" docName="AmMusNovit.2015.3846.1-35.pdf.imf" docOrigin="American Museum Novitates 2015 (3846)" docSource="http://www.bioone.org/doi/10.1206/3846.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:26C3580A17D4BBE58BD8D8AC6AE09AC4.6:AmMusNovit.2010-.journal_article" docStyleId="26C3580A17D4BBE58BD8D8AC6AE09AC4" docStyleName="AmMusNovit.2010-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="6" docTitle="Mops condylurus Lesson 1842" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="20" masterDocId="4A19FFAF1435FF87FFBE8C34FF901477" masterDocTitle="Bats (Chiroptera) from Olduvai Gorge, Early Pleistocene, Bed I (Tanzania)" masterLastPageNumber="35" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="20" updateTime="1698933178730" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:title id="4B8227CFB4A4CDF0A3A0CB6DA510E0A8">Bats (Chiroptera) from Olduvai Gorge, Early Pleistocene, Bed I (Tanzania)</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="D7A1ADA0FFB7F26D29A12D7F1FC8BBD5" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="215CE270271E348FAF0EF0EC96E82C7F">Gunnell, Gregg F.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="C4ABE78179C4F347F4DE14C507B73165">Percy M. Butler, & Division of Fossil Primates, Duke Lemur Center, Durham, North Carolina, and Department of Mammalogy, American Museum of Natural History.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="D25204AB641855AA072C24C0800C493F">Butler, Percy M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="66BE72A31D6E4587EA41E96E1A5CDD67">Marjorie Greenwood, & Deceased, formerly Royal Holloway University of London, London.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="14B7C6D39DAEE0D9A2B5426E23333102">Greenwood, Marjorie</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="E30FE1C8380F1FB91A5D5369E10DD121">Deceased, formerly Natural History Museum, London.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="9C0387051F78AD9D77A0E83E5498EAB4">Simmons, Nancy B.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="B8260FA3D5B2F3521D11C685BAB1DA81">Department of Mammalogy, American Museum of Natural History.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="5967862D37580E5155C42DB3575CBE1C">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="B1ABA3977F93FA2993F26EFECB746A45">American Museum Novitates</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="5210A02B0A1CAD16C28B9BC5EDF624A6">2015</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="27B76E72B14EAC437D5F2AB47FDC138E">2015-12-16</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="9DDA13BCB249770AB443375A53750553">2015</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="04E389DDD23A661E4671B4029BD02680">3846</mods:number>
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<treatment id="B62087D71426FF94FDA68D66FDC91293" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5056553" ID-GBIF-Taxon="183232314" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5056553" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B62087D71426FF94FDA68D66FDC91293" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/B62087D71426FF94FDA68D66FDC91293" lastPageNumber="20" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
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<subSubSection id="7693654A1426FF94FDA68D66FCB8151C" box="[536,808,337,363]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="3E3636C11426FF94FDA68D66FCB8151C" blockId="19.[536,808,337,363]" box="[536,808,337,363]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
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<heading id="657E81AD1426FF94FDA68D66FCB8151C" box="[536,808,337,363]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" reason="5">
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<taxonomicName id="F9894D421426FF94FDA68D66FCB8151C" ID-CoL="63CYY" authorityName="Lesson" authorityYear="1842" box="[536,808,337,363]" class="Mammalia" family="Molossidae" genus="Mops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="0CFDEAD31426FF94FDA68D66FDC6151C" box="[536,598,338,363]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Mops</emphasis>
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cf.
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<emphasis id="0CFDEAD31426FF94FD3C8D66FCB8151C" box="[642,808,337,363]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">M. condylurus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="7693654A1426FF94FDD68DBDFD4815D4" box="[616,728,393,419]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="description">
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<paragraph id="3E3636C11426FF94FDD68DBDFD4815D4" blockId="19.[616,728,393,419]" box="[616,728,393,419]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
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<heading id="657E81AD1426FF94FDD68DBDFD4815D4" box="[616,728,393,419]" centered="true" fontSize="36" level="3" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" reason="7">
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<figureCitation id="A6B22A441426FF94FDD68DBDFD4815D4" box="[616,728,393,419]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="17.[120,206,1074,1095]" captionTargetBox="[124,1221,239,1036]" captionTargetId="figure-224@17.[120,1224,224,1048]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 11. Right distal humerus of Mops condylurus (NHMUK 20.6.13.1) compared with Mops cf. M. condylurus (NMT.031/Bat) in A, anterior, B, posterior, C, medial, and D, lateral views." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4598342" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4598342/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Figure 11</figureCitation>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="7693654A1426FF94FFC68DF7FB3C1663" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="3E3636C11426FF94FFC68DF7FCBB15AC" blockId="19.[120,811,451,475]" box="[120,811,451,475]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="1E9911EF1426FF94FFC68DF7FCBB15AC" box="[120,811,451,475]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
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<taxonomicName id="F9894D421426FF94FFC68DF7FF6115AC" ID-CoL="CVF" authorityName="Gervais" authorityYear="1856" box="[120,241,451,475]" class="Mammalia" family="Molossidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Molossidae</taxonomicName>
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indet. (in part),
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<treatmentCitation id="BF2810D01426FF94FE1B8DF7FDDF15AC" author="Butler, P. M." box="[421,591,451,475]" page="66" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" year="1978">
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<bibRefCitation id="5A184B301426FF94FE1B8DF7FDDF15AC" author="Butler, P. M." box="[421,591,451,475]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="56 - 68" refId="ref11866" refString="Butler, P. M. 1978. Insectivora and Chiroptera. In V. J. Maglio and H. B. S. Cooke (editors), Evolution of African mammals: 56 - 68. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press." type="book chapter" year="1978">Butler, 1978: 66</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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;
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<treatmentCitation id="BF2810D01426FF94FDE48DF7FCB715AC" author="Gunnell, G. F." box="[602,807,451,475]" page="587" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" year="2010">
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<bibRefCitation id="5A184B301426FF94FDE48DF7FCB715AC" author="Gunnell, G. F." box="[602,807,451,475]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="581 - 597" refId="ref12301" refString="Gunnell, G. F. 2010. Chiroptera. In L. Werdelin and W. J. Sanders (editors), Cenozoic Mammals of Africa: 581 - 597. Berkeley: University of California Press." type="book chapter" year="2010">Gunnell, 2010: 587</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="3E3636C11426FF94FF168DCEFB3C1663" blockId="19.[120,1225,505,1764]" box="[168,1196,505,532]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">REFERRED SPECIMEN: NMT.031/Bat, right distal humerus from FLK NI, layer 3, Tr. III.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="7693654A1426FF94FF168E2BFCA91154" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="description">
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<paragraph id="3E3636C11426FF94FF168E2BFBF61683" blockId="19.[120,1225,505,1764]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">DESCRIPTION AND COMPARISONS: The humeral specimens described below can all be recognized as molossids based on the presence of a relatively small and rounded humeral head that is positioned well below the trochiter, a bilaterally narrow and angled (proximomedially to distolaterally) capitulum, a bilaterally narrow trochlea separated from the capitulum by a moderate to distinct trochlear groove, an extended and robust capitular tail that is separated from the capitulum by a deep groove, and a well-developed and distally extended epitrochlear process.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="3E3636C11426FF94FF168ECBFCA91154" blockId="19.[120,1225,505,1764]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
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The specimen referred here to
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<taxonomicName id="F9894D421426FF94FD8B8F34FDE5176E" authorityName="Lesson" authorityYear="1842" box="[565,629,768,793]" class="Mammalia" family="Molossidae" genus="Mops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="0CFDEAD31426FF94FD8B8F34FDE5176E" box="[565,629,768,793]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Mops</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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cf.
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<taxonomicName id="F9894D421426FF94FD178F34FCCA176E" box="[681,858,767,793]" class="Mammalia" family="Molossidae" genus="Mops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="condylurus">
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<emphasis id="0CFDEAD31426FF94FD178F34FCCA176E" box="[681,858,767,793]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">M. condylurus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(as well as those referred to
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<taxonomicName id="F9894D421426FF94FFC68F11FF281749" authorityName="Lesson" authorityYear="1842" box="[120,184,805,830]" class="Mammalia" family="Molossidae" genus="Mops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="0CFDEAD31426FF94FFC68F11FF281749" box="[120,184,805,830]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Mops</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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cf.
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<taxonomicName id="F9894D421426FF94FF5B8F11FEE11749" box="[229,369,804,830]" class="Mammalia" family="Molossidae" genus="Mops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="thersites">
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<emphasis id="0CFDEAD31426FF94FF5B8F11FEE11749" box="[229,369,804,830]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">M. thersites</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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below) resembles those of extant species of
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<taxonomicName id="F9894D421426FF94FC318F11FC5F1749" authorityName="Lesson" authorityYear="1842" box="[911,975,805,830]" class="Mammalia" family="Molossidae" genus="Mops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="0CFDEAD31426FF94FC318F11FC5F1749" box="[911,975,805,830]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Mops</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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in having an angled capitulum that is separated from the trochlea by a shallow yet distinct groove and from the lateral capitular tail by a deeper and well-formed groove. The epicondylar process is distinct but does not extend very far beyond the distal edge of the trochlea.
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<taxonomicName id="F9894D421426FF94FB998FA0FB0317D9" box="[1063,1171,916,942]" class="Mammalia" family="Molossidae" genus="Molossus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="0CFDEAD31426FF94FB998FA0FB0317D9" box="[1063,1171,916,942]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Molossus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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differs from the Olduvai molossids in having: a less distinct groove between the capitulum and trochlea, a shallower groove between the capitulum and capitular tail, and a much more distally extended epitrochlear process (see
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<bibRefCitation id="5A184B301426FF94FD6C8830FBB51069" author="Simmons, N. B. & J. H. Geisler" box="[722,1061,1028,1054]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="1 - 182" refId="ref13770" refString="Simmons, N. B., and J. H. Geisler. 1998. Phylogenetic relationships of Icaronycteris, Archaeonycteris, Hassianycteris, and Palaeochiropteryx to extant bat lineages, with comments on the evolution of echolocation and foraging strategies in Microchiroptera. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 235: 1 - 182." type="journal article" year="1998">Simmons and Geisler, 1998</bibRefCitation>
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: fig. 33). The Olduvai molossids resemble
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<taxonomicName id="F9894D421426FF94FE6A881EFDA21034" box="[468,562,1066,1091]" class="Mammalia" family="Molossidae" genus="Eumops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="0CFDEAD31426FF94FE6A881EFDA21034" box="[468,562,1066,1091]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Eumops</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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in possessing a shallow groove between the capitulum and the trochlea but differ in having a narrower (proximodistally) lateral capitular tail that is separated from the capitulum by a shallower groove. The Olduvai molossids also are similar to
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<emphasis id="0CFDEAD31426FF94FF4788ADFDE910C4" box="[249,633,1177,1204]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
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<taxonomicName id="F9894D421426FF94FF4788ADFEFA10C4" box="[249,362,1177,1203]" class="Mammalia" family="Molossidae" genus="Tadarida" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Tadarida</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="F9894D421426FF94FEC988AEFE7510C3" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1913" box="[375,485,1178,1204]" class="Mammalia" family="Molossidae" genus="Otomops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Otomops</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="F9894D421426FF94FE4D88AEFDE410C4" box="[499,628,1178,1203]" class="Mammalia" family="Molossidae" genus="Myopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Myopterus</taxonomicName>
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,
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</emphasis>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="F9894D421426FF94FD0788ADFCD910C4" box="[697,841,1177,1203]" class="Mammalia" family="Molossidae" genus="Chaerephon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="0CFDEAD31426FF94FD0788ADFCD910C4" box="[697,841,1177,1203]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Chaerephon</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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in sharing a relatively broader and angled capitulum but differ in having a relatively more elongate trochlea (proximodistally). Additionally, the Olduvai molossids have a more robust and more distinctly separated capitular tail than either
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<taxonomicName id="F9894D421426FF94FE4B893EFDE31154" box="[501,627,1290,1315]" class="Mammalia" family="Molossidae" genus="Myopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="0CFDEAD31426FF94FE4B893EFDE31154" box="[501,627,1290,1315]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Myopterus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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or
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<taxonomicName id="F9894D421426FF94FD21893EFC9A1153" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1913" box="[671,778,1290,1316]" class="Mammalia" family="Molossidae" genus="Otomops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="0CFDEAD31426FF94FD21893EFC9A1153" box="[671,778,1290,1316]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Otomops</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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do.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="7693654A1426FF94FF16891BFDC91293" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="3E3636C11426FF94FF16891BFDC91293" blockId="19.[120,1225,505,1764]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
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Olduvai specimen NMT.031/Bat represents a molossid very similar in size (see table 1 for comparative measurements) and morphology to extant
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<emphasis id="0CFDEAD31426FF94FCFC8961FB811119" box="[834,1041,1364,1390]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
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<taxonomicName id="F9894D421426FF94FCFC8961FB9D1119" box="[834,1037,1364,1390]" class="Mammalia" family="Molossidae" genus="Mops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="condylurus">Mops condylurus</taxonomicName>
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,
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</emphasis>
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which is today known from most of Africa south of the Sahara (
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<bibRefCitation id="5A184B301426FF94FD03894DFCEC11E3" author="Simmons, N. B." box="[701,892,1401,1428]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="312 - 529" refId="ref13716" refString="Simmons, N. B. 2005. Order Chiroptera. In D. E. Wilson and D. M. Reeder (editors), Mammal species of the world, a taxonomic and geographic reference, vol. 1: 312 - 529. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press." type="journal article" year="2005">Simmons, 2005</bibRefCitation>
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). In anterior view, the distal end of NMT.031/Bat shows a narrow, medially angled capitulum that is not offset from the shaft. The lateral capitular tail is not as broad as the trochlea but is nearly as deep and is separated from the capitulum by a relatively deep groove. The trochlear surface is relatively broad and well defined, is separated from the capitulum by a weak groove, and has weakly defined medial trochlear lip. The medial epicondyle is not wide but is robust. The epicondylar process on NMT.031/Bat is broken so it is not possible to determine its extent. Posteriorly, the groove on the lateral surface of the epicondyle is very weak to absent. NMT.013/Bat differs from
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<taxonomicName id="F9894D421426FF94FF488A91FE3512C9" box="[246,421,1700,1726]" class="Mammalia" family="Molossidae" genus="Mops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="condylurus">
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<emphasis id="0CFDEAD31426FF94FF488A91FE3512C9" box="[246,421,1700,1726]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">M. condylurus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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in having a relatively less deep trochlea and a somewhat wider capitulum, especially at its distal extent.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |