159 lines
18 KiB
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159 lines
18 KiB
XML
<document id="E12D058135D066DED8D0311C52101909" ID-CLB-Dataset="5854" ID-DOI="10.1206/3846.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="5952fb20-23c6-4cd8-bafb-bc3a5f365fb1" ID-ISSN="0003-0082" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4598312" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1615481217644" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Gunnell, Gregg F., Butler, Percy M., Greenwood, Marjorie & Simmons, Nancy B." docDate="2015" docId="B62087D71420FF91FD9689A3FDCE1046" docLanguage="en" docName="AmMusNovit.2015.3846.1-35.pdf.imf" docOrigin="American Museum Novitates 2015 (3846)" docSource="http://www.bioone.org/doi/10.1206/3846.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:26C3580A17D4BBE58BD8D8AC6AE09AC4.6:AmMusNovit.2010-.journal_article" docStyleId="26C3580A17D4BBE58BD8D8AC6AE09AC4" docStyleName="AmMusNovit.2010-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="6" docTitle="Mops thersites Lesson 1842" docType="treatment" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="23" masterDocId="4A19FFAF1435FF87FFBE8C34FF901477" masterDocTitle="Bats (Chiroptera) from Olduvai Gorge, Early Pleistocene, Bed I (Tanzania)" masterLastPageNumber="35" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="22" updateTime="1698933178730" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:titleInfo id="10F1AC334CD5EAE1927A3AB2F146731A">
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<mods:title id="348349959E56BF87025D98828FFC7DF6">Bats (Chiroptera) from Olduvai Gorge, Early Pleistocene, Bed I (Tanzania)</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="976A2CDA6704467DB1911FFE98290013" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="A2EC1F82E354DBA40905A9AA813555F7">Gunnell, Gregg F.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="12E4C3B1EE123AD68DAE1330CC112586">Percy M. Butler, & Division of Fossil Primates, Duke Lemur Center, Durham, North Carolina, and Department of Mammalogy, American Museum of Natural History.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="1F121776E27AE6C295EB982B3F341010">Butler, Percy M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="93A6564FE2E3522C1344388D313FD0BE">Marjorie Greenwood, & Deceased, formerly Royal Holloway University of London, London.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="08915B1C0E27F3E2C0143FC8772CA4F5">Greenwood, Marjorie</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="4FD5CBC14CA0B55F11114B6F90B32B1D">Deceased, formerly Natural History Museum, London.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="96958AFEB5DB59DA4F1726897817B954">Simmons, Nancy B.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="D2B90C6A5045AC706B1B3FABCF2D7C75">Department of Mammalogy, American Museum of Natural History.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="58588CD82039E9F8FCC0FA92FF3C0DCA">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="BEC321125C90225A8C3A2749846DDD0B">American Museum Novitates</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="865A4FB6F6146A90614221EFC3AA484C">2015</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="010BAF9A4464E6FE64F651EFDB15E4AB">2015-12-16</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="3F58FED4480E492D2E47DC755AB92B63">2015</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="A04B0F5768251D094F776C1D9B0B309E" type="CLB-Dataset">5854</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="B62087D71420FF91FD9689A3FDCE1046" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5056555" ID-GBIF-Taxon="183232315" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5056555" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B62087D71420FF91FD9689A3FDCE1046" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/B62087D71420FF91FD9689A3FDCE1046" lastPageId="22" lastPageNumber="23" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
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<subSubSection id="7693654A1420FF92FD9689A3FC8811C6" box="[552,792,1431,1457]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="3E3636C11420FF92FD9689A3FC8811C6" blockId="21.[552,792,1431,1457]" box="[552,792,1431,1457]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
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<heading id="657E81AD1420FF92FD9689A3FC8811C6" box="[552,792,1431,1457]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" reason="5">
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<taxonomicName id="F9894D421420FF92FD9689A3FC8811C6" ID-CoL="63CYY" authorityName="Lesson" authorityYear="1842" box="[552,792,1431,1457]" class="Mammalia" family="Molossidae" genus="Mops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="0CFDEAD31420FF92FD9689A3FDF611C7" box="[552,614,1431,1456]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Mops</emphasis>
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cf.
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<emphasis id="0CFDEAD31420FF92FD2C89A3FC8811C6" box="[658,792,1431,1457]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">M. thersites</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="7693654A1420FF92FDF389FBFD63119E" box="[589,755,1487,1513]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="description">
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<paragraph id="3E3636C11420FF92FDF389FBFD63119E" blockId="21.[589,755,1487,1513]" box="[589,755,1487,1513]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
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<heading id="657E81AD1420FF92FDF389FBFD63119E" box="[589,755,1487,1513]" centered="true" fontSize="36" level="3" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" reason="7">
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<figureCitation id="A6B22A441420FF92FDF389FBFD5A119E" box="[589,714,1487,1513]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="20.[120,206,1653,1674]" captionTargetBox="[214,1114,225,1623]" captionTargetId="figure-62@20.[208,1136,224,1626]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURE 12. Left complete humerus of Mops cf. M. thersites (NMT.033/Bat). A, photograph and drawing in posteromedial view; B, drawing in medial view; C, drawing in lateral view; D, photograph and drawing in anterior view; E, close-up photograph of proximal end in posteromedial view; F, close-up photograph of distal end in anterior view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4598344" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4598344/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Figures 12</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="A6B22A441420FF92FD6989FBFD63119E" box="[727,755,1487,1513]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="21.[120,206,1275,1296]" captionTargetBox="[120,1224,239,1241]" captionTargetId="figure-67@21.[120,1224,224,1249]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURE 13. Right distal humerus of Mops thersites (NHMUK 53.114.119) compared with Mops cf. M. thersites (NMT.014/Bat) in A, anterior, B, posterior, C, medial, and D, lateral views." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4598346" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4598346/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">13</figureCitation>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="7693654A1420FF92FFC68A3CFEA312BE" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="3E3636C11420FF92FFC68A3CFCBB1257" blockId="21.[120,811,1544,1569]" box="[120,811,1544,1569]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="1E9911EF1420FF92FFC68A3CFCBB1257" box="[120,811,1544,1569]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
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<taxonomicName id="F9894D421420FF92FFC68A3CFF611257" ID-CoL="CVF" authorityName="Gervais" authorityYear="1856" box="[120,241,1544,1568]" class="Mammalia" family="Molossidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Molossidae</taxonomicName>
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indet. (in part),
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<treatmentCitation id="BF2810D01420FF92FE1B8A3CFDDF1257" author="Butler, P. M." box="[421,591,1544,1569]" page="66" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" year="1978">
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<bibRefCitation id="5A184B301420FF92FE1B8A3CFDDF1257" author="Butler, P. M." box="[421,591,1544,1569]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" pagination="56 - 68" refId="ref11866" refString="Butler, P. M. 1978. Insectivora and Chiroptera. In V. J. Maglio and H. B. S. Cooke (editors), Evolution of African mammals: 56 - 68. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press." type="book chapter" year="1978">Butler, 1978: 66</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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;
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<treatmentCitation id="BF2810D01420FF92FDE48A3CFCB71257" author="Gunnell, G. F." box="[602,807,1544,1569]" page="587" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" year="2010">
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<bibRefCitation id="5A184B301420FF92FDE48A3CFCB71257" author="Gunnell, G. F." box="[602,807,1544,1569]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" pagination="581 - 597" refId="ref12301" refString="Gunnell, G. F. 2010. Chiroptera. In L. Werdelin and W. J. Sanders (editors), Cenozoic Mammals of Africa: 581 - 597. Berkeley: University of California Press." type="book chapter" year="2010">Gunnell, 2010: 587</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="3E3636C11420FF92FF168A0BFEA312BE" blockId="21.[120,1224,1599,1737]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">REFERRED SPECIMENS: NMT.014/Bat, right distal humerus, FLK N1, layer 3, no. 4; NMT.028/Bat, right distal humerus, FLK NNI, layer 2; NMT.029/Bat, left complete humerus, FLK NNI, layer 2; NMT.033/Bat, left distal humerus, FLK NI, layer 3, Tr. III (see table 1 for measurements).</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="7693654A1423FF91FF168CD5FF6917EC" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="description">
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<paragraph id="3E3636C11423FF91FF168CD5FC8D1606" blockId="22.[120,1224,225,1073]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
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DESCRIPTION AND DISCUSSION: The Olduvai specimens referred above are very similar in size and morphology to the humeri of extant
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<emphasis id="0CFDEAD31423FF91FD338D33FCA71556" box="[653,823,263,289]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
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<taxonomicName id="F9894D421423FF91FD338D33FCA31556" box="[653,819,263,289]" class="Mammalia" family="Molossidae" genus="Mops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="thersites">Mops thersites</taxonomicName>
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,
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</emphasis>
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which is today known from western and central equatorial Africa south and east to
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<collectingCountry id="469E76511423FF91FD4B8D18FC001531" box="[757,912,300,326]" name="Mozambique" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Mozambique</collectingCountry>
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and
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<collectingCountry id="469E76511423FF91FC6C8D18FBAD1531" box="[978,1085,300,326]" name="Tanzania" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Zanzibar</collectingCountry>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="5A184B301423FF91FBF18D18FF25151B" author="Simmons, N. B." pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="312 - 529" refId="ref13716" refString="Simmons, N. B. 2005. Order Chiroptera. In D. E. Wilson and D. M. Reeder (editors), Mammal species of the world, a taxonomic and geographic reference, vol. 1: 312 - 529. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press." type="journal article" year="2005">Simmons, 2005</bibRefCitation>
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). The proximal end of NMT.029/Bat (fig. 12E) is similar in shape and proportions to all extant molossids except that head on the Olduvai specimen is relatively larger, especially proximodistally. The head is ovate with the long axis oriented slightly proximomedially to distolaterally. The proximal margin of the head is situated well below the proximal extent of the trochiter, but is even with the proximal extent of lesser tubercle. The deltopectoral crest is high anteriorly and relatively long. It is a very sharply defined crest with a well-developed overhanging lip developed medially, a crest that curves laterally toward the trochiter at its proximal end and forms the anterior border of a deep intertubercular fossa.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="3E3636C11423FF91FF168E48FF6917EC" blockId="22.[120,1224,225,1073]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
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The distal end of the humerus is preserved in four specimens of
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<taxonomicName id="F9894D421423FF91FC738E49FB9C16E1" authorityName="Lesson" authorityYear="1842" box="[973,1036,637,662]" class="Mammalia" family="Molossidae" genus="Mops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="0CFDEAD31423FF91FC738E49FB9C16E1" box="[973,1036,637,662]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Mops</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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cf.
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<taxonomicName id="F9894D421423FF91FB838E49FB5816E1" box="[1085,1224,636,662]" class="Mammalia" family="Molossidae" genus="Mops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="thersites">
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<emphasis id="0CFDEAD31423FF91FB838E49FB5816E1" box="[1085,1224,636,662]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">M. thersites</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(figs. 12, 13). The capitulum is narrow, angled, and not offset from shaft. The lateral capitular tail is slightly less broad than the trochlear surface, and is separated from capitulum by a moderate groove. The trochlear groove is weak, the trochlear surface is relatively broad, and the trochlear lip is not sharply defined. The medial epicondylar process in NMT.029/Bat extends a short distance past the trochlear ridge and only slightly less far distally than is seen in
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<emphasis id="0CFDEAD31423FF91FF268F69FED61701" box="[152,326,860,886]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
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<taxonomicName id="F9894D421423FF91FF268F69FED21701" box="[152,322,860,886]" class="Mammalia" family="Molossidae" genus="Mops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="thersites">Mops thersites</taxonomicName>
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.
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</emphasis>
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The groove on lateral surface of epicondyle is either absent or only weakly developed.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="7693654A1423FF91FF168F93FDCE1046" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="3E3636C11423FF91FF168F93FDCE1046" blockId="22.[120,1224,225,1073]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
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In general, molossids are rare in the African fossil record. There is an early Miocene
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<taxonomicName id="F9894D421423FF91FFC68FF8FF721791" box="[120,226,972,998]" class="Mammalia" family="Molossidae" genus="Tadarida" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="0CFDEAD31423FF91FFC68FF8FF721791" box="[120,226,972,998]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Tadarida</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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recorded from
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<collectingCountry id="469E76511423FF91FE238FF9FE761790" box="[413,486,973,999]" name="Kenya" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Kenya</collectingCountry>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="5A184B301423FF91FE498FF8FCD91791" author="Arroyo-Cabrales, J. & R. Gregorin & D. A. Schlitter & A. Walker" box="[503,841,972,999]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="380 - 387" refId="ref11570" refString="Arroyo-Cabrales, J., R. Gregorin, D. A. Schlitter, and A. Walker. 2002. The oldest African molossid bat cranium (Chiroptera: Molossidae). Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 22: 380 - 387." type="journal article" year="2002">Arroyo-Cabrales et al., 2002</bibRefCitation>
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) and a late Pleistocene or Holocene record of
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<taxonomicName id="F9894D421423FF91FE988FC6FCBA107B" authority="(Sabatier and Legendre, 1985)" baseAuthorityName="Sabatier and Legendre" baseAuthorityYear="1985" box="[294,810,1009,1036]" class="Mammalia" family="Molossidae" genus="Mormopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="0CFDEAD31423FF91FE988FC6FE53107C" box="[294,451,1010,1035]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Mormopterus</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="5A184B301423FF91FE6C8FC5FCB1107B" author="Sabatier, M. & S. Legendre" box="[466,801,1009,1036]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="21 - 28" refId="ref13630" refString="Sabatier, M., and S. Legendre. 1985. Une faune a rongeurs et chiropteres Plio-Pleistocene de Madagascar. 110 Congres national des Societes savantes, Montpellier 4: 21 - 28." type="journal article" year="1985">Sabatier and Legendre, 1985</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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from
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<collectingCountry id="469E76511423FF91FCCC8FC5FC6E107C" box="[882,1022,1009,1035]" name="Madagascar" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
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and nothing else outside of the occurrences from Olduvai.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |