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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.886.31163" ID-GBIF-Dataset="ddbbd7eb-5dd3-4d91-a5b0-c8ccbc76fe05" ID-PMC="PMC6851204" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-886-61" ID-Pensoft-UUID="E3765D62384D5A6B9CB55987C04EA58E" ID-PubMed="31736622" ID-ZooBank="512BB3C93B884A34977061F3845770BA" ModsDocID="1313-2970-886-61" checkinTime="1573015829836" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Liu, Ping, Irfan, Muhammad, Yang, Su-Fang &amp; Peng, Xian-Jin" docDate="2019" docId="B600173E8375588CBED9767C047BE915" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 886: 61-77" docOrigin="ZooKeys 886" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.886.31163" docTitle="Araneus conexus Liu, Irfan, Yang &amp; Peng, 2019, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="08B788A4-1CEF-4673-9BCE-56E4CA49A456" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="5" id="E3765D62384D5A6B9CB55987C04EA58E" lastPageNumber="61" masterDocId="E3765D62384D5A6B9CB55987C04EA58E" masterDocTitle="Two new species of Araneus Clerck, 1757 (Araneae, Araneidae) and first description of A. wulongensis male from China" masterLastPageNumber="77" masterPageNumber="61" pageNumber="61" updateTime="1668168025371" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Two new species of Araneus Clerck, 1757 (Araneae, Araneidae) and first description of A. wulongensis male from China</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Liu, Ping</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Irfan, Muhammad</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Yang, Su-Fang</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Peng, Xian-Jin</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2019</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>886</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>61</mods:start>
<mods:end>77</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:location>
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.886.31163</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.886.31163</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-886-61</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">512BB3C93B884A34977061F3845770BA</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">E3765D62384D5A6B9CB55987C04EA58E</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="160140627" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:08B788A4-1CEF-4673-9BCE-56E4CA49A456" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/B600173E8375588CBED9767C047BE915" lastPageNumber="61" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="61" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="61">
<taxonomicName LSID="B600173E-8375-588C-BED9-767C047BE915" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Araneus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Araneus conexus" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="conexus">Araneus conexus</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="0" pageNumber="61">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Araneus conexus sp. nov., male (holotype, A-C); female (paratype collected together with the holotype, D-G). A, D habitus, dorsal view B, F habitus, ventral view E habitus, lateral view C, G leg I and II, prolateral view. Scale bars: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.886.31163.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/352762" pageId="0" pageNumber="61" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.886.31163.figure1">Figs 1</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Araneus conexus sp. nov., male holotype palp A, D prolateral view B, E ventral view C, F median apophysis. Abbreviations: C = conductor; E = embolus; MA = median apophysis; STA = subterminal apophysis; TA = terminal apophysis. Scale bars: 0.1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.886.31163.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/352763" pageId="0" pageNumber="61" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.886.31163.figure2">2</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Araneus conexus sp. nov., male (paratype palp expanded A, B; endaparatus C-E) A-C prolateral view D lateral view E ventral view. Abbreviations: C = conductor; E = embolus; EL = embolic lamella; MA = median apophysis; STA = subterminal apophysis; TA = terminal apophysis. Scale bars: 0.1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.886.31163.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/352764" pageId="0" pageNumber="61" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.886.31163.figure3">3</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Araneus conexus sp. nov., female (epigyne, A-D) A, B ventral view C, D posterior view. Abbreviations: CO = copulatory opening; FD = fertilization duct; LP = lateral plate; MP = median plate; S = scape; SP = spermatheca. Scale bars: 0.1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.886.31163.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/352765" pageId="0" pageNumber="61" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.886.31163.figure4">4</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Araneus conexus sp. nov., male (paratype, A, C GKJ 026); female (paratype, B, D GKJ 026) A, B habitus, dorsal view C palp, prolaterior view D epigyne, ventral view. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (A, B); 0.1 mm (C, D)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.886.31163.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/352766" pageId="0" pageNumber="61" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.886.31163.figure5">5</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figure 12. Collection localities for Araneus conexus sp. nov., Araneus digitatus sp. nov., and Araneus wulongensis Song &amp; Zhu, 1992 in China." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.886.31163.figure12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/352773" pageId="0" pageNumber="61" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.886.31163.figure12">12</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="61" type="type material">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="61">Type material.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="61">
Holotype, ♂,
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">China, Yunnan Province</emphasis>
: Tengchong County, Jietou Township, Datang Village: Longtang River, papaya orchard,
<geoCoordinate degrees="25.75720" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="25.7572">25.75720N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="98.69459" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="98.69459">98.69459E</geoCoordinate>
, 2078 m, 16.05.2006, X. J. Peng, X.P. Wang and P. Hu leg. (Peng060516). Paratypes: 1♂ 2♀, same data as holotype (Peng060516); 4♂ 3♀, Dahe Ridge,
<geoCoordinate degrees="25.42018" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="25.42018">25.42018N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="98.40946" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="98.40946">98.40946E</geoCoordinate>
, 1878 m, 19.05.2006, X.J. Peng, X.P. Wang and P. Hu leg. (Peng060519); 1♂ 2♀, Longling County, Longjiang Township, Xiaoheishan Nature Reserve,
<geoCoordinate degrees="24.82886" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="24.82886">24.82886N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="98.75917" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="98.75917">98.75917E</geoCoordinate>
, 2010 m, 26.05.2005, H.M. Yan leg. (GKJ026); 2♀, Longyang District, Bawan Village, Nankang Valley,
<geoCoordinate degrees="24.82587" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="24.82587">24.82587N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="98.76832" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="98.76832">98.76832E</geoCoordinate>
, 2148 m, 26.05.2005, K.J. Guo leg. (GKJ027).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="61" type="etymology">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="61">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="61">
The specific name from Latin adjective
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">conexus</emphasis>
(joined together), referring to the abdominal humps joined together in female.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="61" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="61">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="61">
The new species resembles
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. stella" pageId="0" pageNumber="61" rank="species" species="stella">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">A. stella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Karsch, 1879) (
<bibRefCitation author="Tanikawa, A" editor="Ono, H" journalOrPublisher="Acta Arachnologica" pageId="0" pageNumber="61" refId="B8" refString="Tanikawa, A, Ono, H, 2009. Hersiliidae. Nephilidae, Tetragnathidae, Araneidae. In: OnoH (Ed.) The spiders of Japan with Keys to the Families and Genera and Illustrations of the Species.Tokai University Press, Kanagawa, 149, 403-463." title="Hersiliidae. Nephilidae, Tetragnathidae, Araneidae. In: OnoH (Ed.) The spiders of Japan with Keys to the Families and Genera and Illustrations of the Species. Tokai University Press, Kanagawa, 149, 403 - 463." year="2009">Tanikawa 2009</bibRefCitation>
: figs 218, 219;
<bibRefCitation author="Kim, ST" journalOrPublisher="Invertebrate Fauna of Korea" pageId="0" pageNumber="61" pagination="1 - 146" refId="B2" refString="Kim, ST, Lee, SY, 2012. Arthropoda: Arachnida: Araneae: Araneidae. Araneid spiders. Invertebrate Fauna of Korea 21: 1 - 146" title="Arthropoda: Arachnida: Araneae: Araneidae. Araneid spiders." volume="21" year="2012">Kim and Lee 2012</bibRefCitation>
: fig. 18), but can be distinguished by: 1) median apophysis with a spur and 4-6 teeth in
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. conexus" pageId="0" pageNumber="61" rank="species" species="conexus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">A. conexus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. vs with 2 large teeth in
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. stella" pageId="0" pageNumber="61" rank="species" species="stella">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">A. stella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; 2) subterminal apophysis longer than wide, with blunt tip in
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. conexus" pageId="0" pageNumber="61" rank="species" species="conexus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">A. conexus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. vs almost as long as wide, with pointed tip in
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. stella" pageId="0" pageNumber="61" rank="species" species="stella">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">A. stella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; 3) terminal apophysis almost parallel to the embolus and subterminal apophysis in prolateral view in
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. conexus" pageId="0" pageNumber="61" rank="species" species="conexus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">A. conexus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. vs almost perpendicular, tip overlapping the conductor in
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. stella" pageId="0" pageNumber="61" rank="species" species="stella">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">A. stella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; 4) distal part of embolus hook-shaped in
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. conexus" pageId="0" pageNumber="61" rank="species" species="conexus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">A. conexus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. vs straight in
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. stella" pageId="0" pageNumber="61" rank="species" species="stella">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">A. stella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; 5) scape almost as long as epigyne in
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. conexus" pageId="0" pageNumber="61" rank="species" species="conexus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">A. conexus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. vs about 2 times longer than epigyne in
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. stella" pageId="0" pageNumber="61" rank="species" species="stella">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">A. stella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; 6) abdomen with a pair of humps at the anterior part, almost merged with each other in
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. conexus" pageId="0" pageNumber="61" rank="species" species="conexus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">A. conexus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. vs humps not merged and located at the lateral sides in
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. stella" pageId="0" pageNumber="61" rank="species" species="stella">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">A. stella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The female of new species resembles
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. bicavus" pageId="0" pageNumber="61" rank="species" species="bicavus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">A. bicavus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Zhu &amp; Wang, 1994 (
<bibRefCitation author="Yin, CM" journalOrPublisher="Science Press, Beijing" pageId="0" pageNumber="61" refId="B11" refString="Yin, CM, Wang, JF, Zhu, MS, Xie, LP, Peng, XJ, Bao, YH, 1997. Fauna Sinica: Arachnida: Araneae: Araneidae. Science Press, Beijing" title="Fauna Sinica: Arachnida: Araneae: Araneidae." year="1997">Yin et al. 1997</bibRefCitation>
: fig. 77), but can be distinguished by: 1) the abdomen with a pair of large humps at the anterior part, almost merged with each other in
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. conexus" pageId="0" pageNumber="61" rank="species" species="conexus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">A. conexus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. vs small humps not merged and located at the lateral sides in
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. bicavus" pageId="0" pageNumber="61" rank="species" species="bicavus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">A. bicavus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; 2) the epigyne with a depression positioned vertically on each side of the scape in
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. conexus" pageId="0" pageNumber="61" rank="species" species="conexus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">A. conexus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. vs with a circular depression in
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. bicavus" pageId="0" pageNumber="61" rank="species" species="bicavus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">A. bicavus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The female also resembles
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. boesenbergi" pageId="0" pageNumber="61" rank="species" species="boesenbergi">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">A. boesenbergi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Fox, 1938) (
<bibRefCitation author="Yin, CM" journalOrPublisher="Science Press, Beijing" pageId="0" pageNumber="61" refId="B11" refString="Yin, CM, Wang, JF, Zhu, MS, Xie, LP, Peng, XJ, Bao, YH, 1997. Fauna Sinica: Arachnida: Araneae: Araneidae. Science Press, Beijing" title="Fauna Sinica: Arachnida: Araneae: Araneidae." year="1997">Yin et al. 1997</bibRefCitation>
: fig. 79), but can be distinguished by: furrow of epigynal plate semicircular in
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. conexus" pageId="0" pageNumber="61" rank="species" species="conexus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">A. conexus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. vs almost circular in
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. boesenbergi" pageId="0" pageNumber="61" rank="species" species="boesenbergi">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">A. boesenbergi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="61" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="61">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="61">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">Male</emphasis>
(holotype) (
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Araneus conexus sp. nov., male (holotype, A-C); female (paratype collected together with the holotype, D-G). A, D habitus, dorsal view B, F habitus, ventral view E habitus, lateral view C, G leg I and II, prolateral view. Scale bars: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.886.31163.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/352762" pageId="0" pageNumber="61" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.886.31163.figure1">
Fig. 1
<normalizedToken originalValue="A–C">A-C</normalizedToken>
</figureCitation>
): total length 3.04. Carapace 1.62 long, 1.30 wide, yellow; fovea, cervical, and radial grooves distinct. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.08; ALE 0.09; PME 0.10; PLE 0.08;
<normalizedToken originalValue="AME–AME">AME-AME</normalizedToken>
0.06;
<normalizedToken originalValue="AME–ALE">AME-ALE</normalizedToken>
0.23;
<normalizedToken originalValue="PME–PME">PME-PME</normalizedToken>
0.14;
<normalizedToken originalValue="PME–PLE">PME-PLE</normalizedToken>
0.24; MOL 0.24; MOA 0.23; MOP 0.27. Sternum yellowish brown, with transverse light band anteriorly. Chelicerae yellow. Endites yellow, distal end pale. Labium brown, distal part pale yellow. Legs yellow, with dark-brown annuli. Tibia I slightly curved, with several strong spines: 3d, 1v, 7p, 1r; tibia II spines: 3d, 3v, 6p, 1r. Leg lengths: I, 6.54 (1.86, 2.25, 1.51, 0.92); II, 5.21 (1.56, 1.77, 1.28, 0.60); III, 3.04 (1.03, 1.02, 0.60, 0.39); IV, 4.22 (1.33, 1.44, 0.98, 0.47). Abdomen 2.63 long, 1.30 wide, oval, dorsum grayish yellow, anterior part dark and slightly bulged in the middle, posterior part with 4 dark transverse bands, 4 pairs of sigillae; ventral side with a longitudinal brown band, lateral sides grayish yellow. Spinnerets yellowish brown.
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.886.31163.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/352762" pageId="0" pageNumber="61" start="Figure 1" startId="F1">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="61">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">Figure 1.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Araneus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Araneus conexus" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="conexus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">Araneus conexus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov., male (holotype,
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">
<normalizedToken originalValue="A–C">A-C</normalizedToken>
</emphasis>
); female (paratype collected together with the holotype,
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">
<normalizedToken originalValue="D–G">D-G</normalizedToken>
</emphasis>
).
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">A, D</emphasis>
habitus, dorsal view
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">B, F</emphasis>
habitus, ventral view
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">E</emphasis>
habitus, lateral view
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">C, G</emphasis>
leg I and II, prolateral view. Scale bars: 0.5 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="61">
Palp (
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Araneus conexus sp. nov., male holotype palp A, D prolateral view B, E ventral view C, F median apophysis. Abbreviations: C = conductor; E = embolus; MA = median apophysis; STA = subterminal apophysis; TA = terminal apophysis. Scale bars: 0.1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.886.31163.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/352763" pageId="0" pageNumber="61" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.886.31163.figure2">Figs 2</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Araneus conexus sp. nov., male (paratype palp expanded A, B; endaparatus C-E) A-C prolateral view D lateral view E ventral view. Abbreviations: C = conductor; E = embolus; EL = embolic lamella; MA = median apophysis; STA = subterminal apophysis; TA = terminal apophysis. Scale bars: 0.1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.886.31163.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/352764" pageId="0" pageNumber="61" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.886.31163.figure3">3</figureCitation>
). Patella with 2 macrosetae. Tibia wider than long, ventral side bulging in prolateral view. Tegulum slightly grooved ventrally. Median apophysis with a prolateral spur, with 1 large and 3-5 small retrolateral teeth. Conductor membranous, gear lever-shaped, with swollen tip (
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Araneus conexus sp. nov., male (paratype palp expanded A, B; endaparatus C-E) A-C prolateral view D lateral view E ventral view. Abbreviations: C = conductor; E = embolus; EL = embolic lamella; MA = median apophysis; STA = subterminal apophysis; TA = terminal apophysis. Scale bars: 0.1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.886.31163.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/352764" pageId="0" pageNumber="61" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.886.31163.figure3">Fig. 3A, B</figureCitation>
). Subterminal apophysis sclerotized, longer than wide, terminal margin with several teeth. Terminal apophysis sword-shaped, with pointed tip. Embolus longer than wide, tip hooked, directed anti-clockwise; embolic lamella membranous, finger-shaped in ventral view, distally grooved (
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Araneus conexus sp. nov., male (paratype palp expanded A, B; endaparatus C-E) A-C prolateral view D lateral view E ventral view. Abbreviations: C = conductor; E = embolus; EL = embolic lamella; MA = median apophysis; STA = subterminal apophysis; TA = terminal apophysis. Scale bars: 0.1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.886.31163.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/352764" pageId="0" pageNumber="61" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.886.31163.figure3">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.886.31163.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/352763" pageId="0" pageNumber="61" start="Figure 2" startId="F2">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="61">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">Figure 2.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Araneus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Araneus conexus" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="conexus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">Araneus conexus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov., male holotype palp
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">A, D</emphasis>
prolateral view
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">B, E</emphasis>
ventral view
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">C, F</emphasis>
median apophysis. Abbreviations: C = conductor; E = embolus; MA = median apophysis; STA = subterminal apophysis; TA = terminal apophysis. Scale bars: 0.1 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.886.31163.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/352764" pageId="0" pageNumber="61" start="Figure 3" startId="F3">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="61">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">Figure 3.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Araneus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Araneus conexus" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="conexus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">Araneus conexus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov., male (paratype palp expanded
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">A, B</emphasis>
; endaparatus
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">
<normalizedToken originalValue="C–E">C-E</normalizedToken>
</emphasis>
)
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">
<normalizedToken originalValue="A–C">A-C</normalizedToken>
</emphasis>
prolateral view
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">D</emphasis>
lateral view
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">E</emphasis>
ventral view. Abbreviations: C= conductor; E = embolus; EL = embolic lamella; MA = median apophysis; STA = subterminal apophysis; TA = terminal apophysis. Scale bars: 0.1 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="61">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">Female</emphasis>
(allotype) (
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Araneus conexus sp. nov., male (holotype, A-C); female (paratype collected together with the holotype, D-G). A, D habitus, dorsal view B, F habitus, ventral view E habitus, lateral view C, G leg I and II, prolateral view. Scale bars: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.886.31163.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/352762" pageId="0" pageNumber="61" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.886.31163.figure1">
Fig. 1
<normalizedToken originalValue="C–F">C-F</normalizedToken>
</figureCitation>
): total length 4.42. Carapace 1.79 long, 1.65 wide, yellowish brown; cervical and radial groves distinct. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME, 0.07; ALE, 0.08; PME, 0.10; PLE, 0.07;
<normalizedToken originalValue="AME–AME">AME-AME</normalizedToken>
, 0.12;
<normalizedToken originalValue="AME–ALE">AME-ALE</normalizedToken>
, 0.35;
<normalizedToken originalValue="PME–PME">PME-PME</normalizedToken>
, 0.12;
<normalizedToken originalValue="PME–PLE">PME-PLE</normalizedToken>
, 0.29; MOL, 0.26; MOA, 0.26; MOP, 0.30. Sternum dark brown with transverse light band anteriorly. Chelicerae dark brown. Endites brown, distal end pale. Labium brown, distal third part pale yellow. Legs yellow, annuli indistinct. Tibia I straight with few spines: 2d, 2p, 1r; tibia II: 2d, 2r. Leg lengths: I, 5.45 (1.68, 1.99, 1.20, 0.58); II, 4.70 (1.50, 1.65, 1.02, 0.53); III, 2.89 (0.92, 0.98, 0.59, 0.40); IV, 4.26 (1.33, 1.45, 1.00, 0.48). Abdomen 3.70 long, 2.67 wide, with 2 anterior humps, almost merged with each other, paler and all other morphological pattern similar to the male.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="61">
Epigyne (
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Araneus conexus sp. nov., female (epigyne, A-D) A, B ventral view C, D posterior view. Abbreviations: CO = copulatory opening; FD = fertilization duct; LP = lateral plate; MP = median plate; S = scape; SP = spermatheca. Scale bars: 0.1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.886.31163.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/352765" pageId="0" pageNumber="61" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.886.31163.figure4">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
). Epigyne wider than long; scape almost straight, tip slightly curved ventrally; lateral plates longer than wide, expanded laterally in ventral view; median plate longer than wide, tongue-shaped, grooved posteriorly; basal lamellae absent. Copulatory openings facing ventrally, in the slit between median and lateral plates. Copulatory ducts inconspicuous. Spermathecae oval.
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.886.31163.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/352765" pageId="0" pageNumber="61" start="Figure 4" startId="F4">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="61">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">Figure 4.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Araneus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Araneus conexus" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="conexus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">Araneus conexus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov., female (epigyne,
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">
<normalizedToken originalValue="A–D">A-D</normalizedToken>
</emphasis>
)
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">A, B</emphasis>
ventral view
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">C, D</emphasis>
posterior view. Abbreviations: CO = copulatory opening; FD = fertilization duct; LP = lateral plate; MP = median plate; S = scape; SP = spermatheca. Scale bars: 0.1 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="61">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">Variation</emphasis>
(paratype male and female from GKJ026) (
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Araneus conexus sp. nov., male (paratype, A, C GKJ 026); female (paratype, B, D GKJ 026) A, B habitus, dorsal view C palp, prolaterior view D epigyne, ventral view. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (A, B); 0.1 mm (C, D)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.886.31163.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/352766" pageId="0" pageNumber="61" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.886.31163.figure5">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
): abdomen with a pair of large dark lateral spots, and pair of herringbones spots in the middle area of dorsum. The structure of copulatory organs as in holotype and paratypes of Peng060516.
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.886.31163.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/352766" pageId="0" pageNumber="61" start="Figure 5" startId="F5">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="61">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">Figure 5.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Araneus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Araneus conexus" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="conexus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">Araneus conexus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov., male (paratype,
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">A, C</emphasis>
GKJ026); female (paratype,
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">B, D</emphasis>
GKJ026)
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">A, B</emphasis>
habitus, dorsal view
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">C</emphasis>
palp, prolaterior view
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">D</emphasis>
epigyne, ventral view. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">A, B</emphasis>
); 0.1 mm (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">C, D</emphasis>
).
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="61" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="61">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="61">Known only from the type locality.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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