679 lines
102 KiB
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679 lines
102 KiB
XML
<document id="DF9C96D98CCFED3B0D2A9EA9D36A1FA0" ID-DOI="10.5852/ejt.2016.190" ID-GBIF-Dataset="3c438ae3-9ea0-4eda-b893-acf6d5756c90" ID-ISSN="2118-9773" ID-Zenodo-Dep="831004" ID-ZooBank="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:BE92596B-62D9-46CD-8486-CF6B36C640B1 1" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="guilherme" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="guilherme" IM.metadata_approvedBy="guilherme" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="guilherme" IM.treatments_approvedBy="guilherme" checkinTime="1500288028508" checkinUser="jeremy" docAuthor="Berhard A. Huber, Booppa Petchard, Charles Leh Moi Ung, Joseph K. H. Koh & Amir R. M. Ghazali" docDate="2016" docId="7F7187D54E4E702CFDA0C2ECCDFDFA7E" docLanguage="en" docName="Huber, B. A., Petcharad, B., Ung, C. L. M., Koh, J. K., & Ghazali, A. R. (2016). The Southeast Asian Pholcus halabala species group (Done).imf" docOrigin="European Journal of Taxonomy 190 (190)" docSource="http://www.europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/view/313" docStyle="DocumentStyle:EF2B578F1D15862ADE45B0C07C620911.14:EJT.2018-.journal_article.type1" docStyleId="EF2B578F1D15862ADE45B0C07C620911" docStyleName="EJT.2018-.journal_article.type1" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Pholcus halabala Huber 2011" docType="treatment" docVersion="14" lastPageNumber="7" masterDocId="8348FFAD4E4C702AFFFCC07ECC17FFF8" masterDocTitle="The Southeast Asian Pholcus halabala species group (Araneae, Pholcidae): new data from field observations and ultrastructure" masterLastPageNumber="55" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="3" updateTime="1733942487093" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo id="551B57CE6C725AD7587FF92B957BF685">
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<mods:title id="A250D676891D95DD50DF7F6D9242BC5A">The Southeast Asian Pholcus halabala species group (Araneae, Pholcidae): new data from field observations and ultrastructure</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="BAE7AED7EEB9C3944562780E67C822AC">Berhard A. Huber</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="9CF2C1ACD7BEAAFA9F4B08CF5675177F">Booppa Petchard</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm id="4A860F8681B774A0A3015CF27586FA37">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="6232849FA1C3D234EC8590B1F5855BBE">Charles Leh Moi Ung</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="DE1E62B78E2280D08B0A4AB552458A69">Joseph K. H. Koh</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="8C537B77AF7F78B6D3ED9D23FB302EAB">Amir R. M. Ghazali</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="FBF89B071C391016936631C8A00A4AEB">European Journal of Taxonomy</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="04062B2742D4AC43BD89979AED44C0F0">
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<mods:date id="135C49986A68EDE5E761869652C9866F">2016</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="382CEB4EE5E52C614DDB573BC6F4D0DB">2016-04-14</mods:number>
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<treatment id="7F7187D54E4E702CFDA0C2ECCDFDFA7E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6076763" ID-GBIF-Taxon="132549843" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6076763" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:7F7187D54E4E702CFDA0C2ECCDFDFA7E" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/7F7187D54E4E702CFDA0C2ECCDFDFA7E" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="7" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" scope_family="Pholcidae" scope_order="Araneae">
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<subSubSection id="BFC265484E4E7028FDA0C2ECCFC0FD55" box="[604,983,658,685]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="F76736C34E4E7028FDA0C2ECCFC0FD55" blockId="2.[604,983,658,685]" box="[604,983,658,685]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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<heading id="AC2F81AF4E4E7028FDA0C2ECCFC0FD55" box="[604,983,658,685]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" reason="4">
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<taxonomicName id="30D84D404E4E7028FDA0C2ECCF38FD55" ID-CoL="9472W" authority="Huber, 2011" authorityName="Huber" authorityYear="2011" box="[604,815,658,685]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Pholcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="halabala">
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<emphasis id="C5ACEAD14E4E7028FDA0C2ECCF38FD55" bold="true" box="[604,815,658,685]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Pholcus halabala</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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species group
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="BFC265484E4E7028FF41C2AACEB8FBC6" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="F76736C34E4E7028FF41C2AACD21FD16" blockId="2.[189,1399,724,1086]" box="[189,310,724,750]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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<heading id="AC2F81AF4E4E7028FF41C2AACD21FD16" bold="true" box="[189,310,724,750]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" reason="6">
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<emphasis id="C5ACEAD14E4E7028FF41C2AACD21FD16" bold="true" box="[189,310,724,750]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Diagnosis</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="F76736C34E4E7028FF41C37ACEB8FBC6" blockId="2.[189,1399,724,1086]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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The core group of six species (see below) includes medium-sized, long-legged spiders (body length ~3–4, male leg 1 length ~30–40); distinguished from other species groups in
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<taxonomicName id="30D84D404E4E7028FC17C356C85FFCBA" box="[1003,1096,808,834]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Pholcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="C5ACEAD14E4E7028FC17C356C85FFCBA" box="[1003,1096,808,834]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Pholcus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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by the combination of the following characters: elongate abdomen pointed dorso-posteriorly, with distinctive dorsal pattern of black and whitish or yellowish marks in life specimens (
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<figureCitation id="6FE32A464E4E7028FCF0C30ECF92FC72" box="[780,901,880,906]" captionStart-0="Figs 1 – 8" captionStart-1="Figs 9 – 16" captionStartId-0="3.[189,241,1895,1921]" captionStartId-1="4.[189,241,1895,1921]" captionTargetBox-0="[198,1389,620,1852]" captionTargetBox-1="[189,1398,601,1858]" captionTargetId-0="figure@3.[198,1389,620,1853]" captionTargetId-1="figure@4.[189,1399,601,1859]" captionTargetPageId-0="3" captionTargetPageId-1="4" captionText-0="Figs 1 – 8. Live specimens, Pholcus halabala Huber, 2011 (1 – 6) and Ph. ubin Huber, sp. nov. (7 – 8). 1. ♂ from MacRitchie, Singapore. 2. ♂ from Gunung Jerai, Malaysia. 3. ♀ with egg-sac from Gunung Liang, Malaysia. 4. Juvenile in web with silk tufts, Upper Selatar, Singapore. 5. ♀ with egg-sac from Hala Bala, Thailand. 6. ♀ with egg-sac from Ulu Dong, Malaysia. 7 – 8. ♂ and ♀ from Pulau Ubin, Singapore." captionText-1="Figs 9 – 16. Live specimens, Pholcus sabah Huber, 2011 (9 – 10), Ph. lintang Huber, sp. nov. (11 – 12) and Ph. erawan Huber, 2011 (13 – 16). 9. ♂ from Poring, Sabah. 10. ♂ from Sepilok, Sabah. 11 – 12. ♂ and ♀ from Bako, Sarawak. 13. ♂ from Khao Nan, Thailand. 14. Male from Erawan, Thailand. 15 – 16. ♂ and ♀ with egg-sac from Gunung Jerai, Malaysia." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1183673" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1183675" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/1183673/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/1183675/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Figs 1–16</figureCitation>
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; similar only in
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<taxonomicName id="30D84D404E4E7028FBB9C30EC965FC72" authority="Huber, 2011" authorityName="Huber" authorityYear="2011" box="[1093,1394,880,906]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Pholcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sudhami">
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<emphasis id="C5ACEAD14E4E7028FBB9C30EC8C0FC72" box="[1093,1239,880,906]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Ph. sudhami</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="93494B324E4E7028FB23C30EC965FC72" author="Huber B. A." box="[1247,1394,880,906]" journalOrPublisher="Bonner zoologische Monographien" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" pagination="1 - 509" part="58" refId="ref22845" refString="Huber B. A. 2011. Revision and cladistic analysis of Pholcus and closely related taxa (Araneae, Pholcidae). Bonner zoologische Monographien 58: 1 - 509." title="Revision and cladistic analysis of Pholcus and closely related taxa (Araneae, Pholcidae)" type="journal article" year="2011">Huber, 2011</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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, cf.
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<figureCitation id="6FE32A464E4E7028FF1EC3EACD7FFC57" box="[226,360,916,943]" captionStart="Figs 49 – 56" captionStartId="17.[189,241,1895,1921]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,707,1854]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[189,1398,707,1854]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Figs 49 – 56. Live specimens, Pholcus kuhapimuk Huber, sp. nov. (49 – 51), Ph. khaolek Huber, sp. nov. (52 – 53), and Ph. sudhami Huber, 2011 (54 – 56). 49 – 51. ♂, penultimate instar ♂, and ♀ with egg-sac from Wat Kuhapimuk, Thailand. 52 – 53. ♀ with spiderlings and ♂ from Khao Lek, Thailand. 54 – 55. ♂ from Tham Phraya Nakhon, Thailand. 56. ♂ from Erawan, Thailand." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1183687" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1183687/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Figs 54–56</figureCitation>
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); eight eyes; male ocular area with conspicuous modified hairs (setae), which may appear as stiff bristles or stout curved spines, or both (
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<figureCitation id="6FE32A464E4E7028FD25C3C6CF49FC2A" box="[729,862,952,978]" captionStart="Figs 18 – 28" captionStartId="8.[189,241,1754,1780]" captionTargetBox="[236,1352,265,1698]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[236,1352,265,1699]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figs 18 – 28. Pholcus halabala Huber, 2011, ZFMK Ar 15008. 18. Male ocular area, frontal view. 19. Modified hairs on male ocular area, dorsal view. 20. Male prosoma, frontal view. 21 – 22. Right procursus (and trochanter apophysis), retrolateral and retrolatero-distal views (arrows point at distal pocket). 23. Modified hairs on male ocular area. 24. Left bulbal processes, prolateral (slightly ventral) view. 25. Male ALS. 26. Male gonopore. 27. Comb-hairs on male tarsus 4. 28. Male distal cheliceral apophysis. Abbreviations: a = appendix; AME = anterior median eyes; e = embolus; p = procursus; tr = trochanter; u = uncus. Scale lines: 10 µm (25, 27); 20 µm (28); 30 µm (23); 40 µm (26); 80 µm (24); 100 µm (19, 21 – 22); 200 µm (18); 300 µm (20)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1183679" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1183679/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Figs 19, 23</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="6FE32A464E4E7028FC96C3C6CF9CFC2A" box="[874,907,952,978]" captionStart="Figs 39 – 48" captionStartId="15.[189,240,1824,1850]" captionTargetBox="[189,1399,286,1784]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[189,1399,286,1784]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Figs 39 – 48. Pholcus erawan Huber, 2011, ZFMK Ar 15016 – 17. 39. Male distal cheliceral apophysis (arrows point at modified hairs). 40. Left procursus, prolateral view. 41. Right procursus, retrolatero-dorsal view (arrow points at distal pocket). 42. Left bulbal processes, distal view. 43. Male ocular area, frontal view. 44. Male gonopore. 45. Female ALS. 46. Comb-hairs on male tarsus 4. 47. Female prosoma, frontal view. 48. Epigynum, ventral view. Abbreviations: a = appendix; e = embolus; u = uncus. Scale lines: 10 µm (39); 20 µm (45 – 46); 40 µm (44); 60 µm (42); 80 µm (40); 100 µm (41, 48); 200 µm (43, 47)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1183685" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1183685/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">43</figureCitation>
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); male chelicerae with proximal and distal apophyses, distal apophyses with two cone-shaped teeth (modified hairs) each (
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<figureCitation id="6FE32A464E4E7028FBA6C3A2C8A5FC0E" box="[1114,1202,988,1014]" captionStart="Figs 18 – 28" captionStartId="8.[189,241,1754,1780]" captionTargetBox="[236,1352,265,1698]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[236,1352,265,1699]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figs 18 – 28. Pholcus halabala Huber, 2011, ZFMK Ar 15008. 18. Male ocular area, frontal view. 19. Modified hairs on male ocular area, dorsal view. 20. Male prosoma, frontal view. 21 – 22. Right procursus (and trochanter apophysis), retrolateral and retrolatero-distal views (arrows point at distal pocket). 23. Modified hairs on male ocular area. 24. Left bulbal processes, prolateral (slightly ventral) view. 25. Male ALS. 26. Male gonopore. 27. Comb-hairs on male tarsus 4. 28. Male distal cheliceral apophysis. Abbreviations: a = appendix; AME = anterior median eyes; e = embolus; p = procursus; tr = trochanter; u = uncus. Scale lines: 10 µm (25, 27); 20 µm (28); 30 µm (23); 40 µm (26); 80 µm (24); 100 µm (19, 21 – 22); 200 µm (18); 300 µm (20)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1183679" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1183679/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Fig. 28</figureCitation>
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); male bulb with uncus and appendix; procursus with distinctive dorsal flap (
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<figureCitation id="6FE32A464E4E7028FC8FC47ECFDDFBE3" box="[883,970,1024,1051]" captionStart="Figs 34 – 38" captionStartId="13.[189,241,1895,1921]" captionTargetBox="[218,1367,444,1850]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[217,1371,444,1854]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Figs 34 – 38. Pholcus lintang Huber, sp. nov., ZFMK Ar 15015. 34 – 35. Left male palp, prolateral and retrolateral views. 36. Male chelicerae, frontal view. 37 – 38. Cleared female genitalia, ventral and dorsal views. Abbreviations: a = appendix; b = genital bulb; e = embolus; p = procursus; u = uncus. Scale lines: 0.3 mm (36 – 38); 0.5 mm (34 – 35)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1183683" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1183683/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Fig. 35</figureCitation>
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; absent in
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<taxonomicName id="30D84D404E4E7028FBBBC47EC97DFBE2" authority="Huber, 2011" authorityName="Huber" authorityYear="2011" box="[1095,1386,1024,1050]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Pholcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="erawan">
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<emphasis id="C5ACEAD14E4E7028FBBBC47EC8DAFBE2" box="[1095,1229,1024,1050]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Ph. erawan</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="93494B324E4E7028FB29C47EC97DFBE2" author="Huber B. A." box="[1237,1386,1024,1050]" journalOrPublisher="Bonner zoologische Monographien" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" pagination="1 - 509" part="58" refId="ref22845" refString="Huber B. A. 2011. Revision and cladistic analysis of Pholcus and closely related taxa (Araneae, Pholcidae). Bonner zoologische Monographien 58: 1 - 509." title="Revision and cladistic analysis of Pholcus and closely related taxa (Araneae, Pholcidae)" type="journal article" year="2011">Huber, 2011</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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); epigynum weakly sclerotized, with ‘knob’.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="BFC265484E4E7028FF41C418C961F9E0" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="description">
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<paragraph id="F76736C34E4E7028FF41C418CE1CFB78" blockId="2.[189,1399,1126,1560]" box="[189,523,1126,1152]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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<heading id="AC2F81AF4E4E7028FF41C418CE1CFB78" bold="true" box="[189,523,1126,1152]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" reason="6">
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<emphasis id="C5ACEAD14E4E7028FF41C418CE1CFB78" bold="true" box="[189,523,1126,1152]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Description – amendments</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="F76736C34E4E7028FF41C4EBC961F9E0" blockId="2.[189,1399,1126,1560]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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The original description of the core group (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="93494B324E4E7028FD2CC4EBCF76FB57" author="Huber B. A." box="[720,865,1173,1199]" journalOrPublisher="Bonner zoologische Monographien" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" pagination="1 - 509" part="58" refId="ref22845" refString="Huber B. A. 2011. Revision and cladistic analysis of Pholcus and closely related taxa (Araneae, Pholcidae). Bonner zoologische Monographien 58: 1 - 509." title="Revision and cladistic analysis of Pholcus and closely related taxa (Araneae, Pholcidae)" type="journal article" year="2011">Huber 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) is still largely valid. The following can be added: male eye triads on low humps (
|
||
<figureCitation id="6FE32A464E4E7028FD85C4C7CEE8FB2B" box="[633,767,1209,1235]" captionStart="Figs 18 – 28" captionStartId="8.[189,241,1754,1780]" captionTargetBox="[236,1352,265,1698]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[236,1352,265,1699]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figs 18 – 28. Pholcus halabala Huber, 2011, ZFMK Ar 15008. 18. Male ocular area, frontal view. 19. Modified hairs on male ocular area, dorsal view. 20. Male prosoma, frontal view. 21 – 22. Right procursus (and trochanter apophysis), retrolateral and retrolatero-distal views (arrows point at distal pocket). 23. Modified hairs on male ocular area. 24. Left bulbal processes, prolateral (slightly ventral) view. 25. Male ALS. 26. Male gonopore. 27. Comb-hairs on male tarsus 4. 28. Male distal cheliceral apophysis. Abbreviations: a = appendix; AME = anterior median eyes; e = embolus; p = procursus; tr = trochanter; u = uncus. Scale lines: 10 µm (25, 27); 20 µm (28); 30 µm (23); 40 µm (26); 80 µm (24); 100 µm (19, 21 – 22); 200 µm (18); 300 µm (20)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1183679" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1183679/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Figs 18, 20</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="6FE32A464E4E7028FCF6C4C7CF3CFB2B" box="[778,811,1209,1235]" captionStart="Figs 39 – 48" captionStartId="15.[189,240,1824,1850]" captionTargetBox="[189,1399,286,1784]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[189,1399,286,1784]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Figs 39 – 48. Pholcus erawan Huber, 2011, ZFMK Ar 15016 – 17. 39. Male distal cheliceral apophysis (arrows point at modified hairs). 40. Left procursus, prolateral view. 41. Right procursus, retrolatero-dorsal view (arrow points at distal pocket). 42. Left bulbal processes, distal view. 43. Male ocular area, frontal view. 44. Male gonopore. 45. Female ALS. 46. Comb-hairs on male tarsus 4. 47. Female prosoma, frontal view. 48. Epigynum, ventral view. Abbreviations: a = appendix; e = embolus; u = uncus. Scale lines: 10 µm (39); 20 µm (45 – 46); 40 µm (44); 60 µm (42); 80 µm (40); 100 µm (41, 48); 200 µm (43, 47)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1183685" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1183685/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">43</figureCitation>
|
||
; i.e., not on short stalks as seen in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="30D84D404E4E7028FB4AC4C7C935FB2B" box="[1206,1314,1209,1235]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Pholcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="krabi">
|
||
<emphasis id="C5ACEAD14E4E7028FB4AC4C7C935FB2B" box="[1206,1314,1209,1235]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Ph. krabi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group) and only slightly wider apart than female eye triads (1.2–1.5 ×); dorsal elongation of male palpal tarsus usually short and conical (asterisk in
|
||
<figureCitation id="6FE32A464E4E7028FD7AC57FCEF7FAE3" box="[646,736,1281,1307]" captionStart="Figs 29 – 33" captionStartId="10.[189,241,1860,1886]" captionTargetBox="[203,1386,477,1813]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[197,1390,477,1818]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figs 29 – 33. Pholcus ubin Huber, sp. nov., ZFMK Ar 15011. 29 – 30. Left male palp, prolateral and retrolateral views (arrow points at distinctive dorsal process; asterisk marks dorsal elongation of male palpal tarsus). 31. Male chelicerae, frontal view. 32 – 33. Cleared female genitalia, ventral and dorsal views. Abbreviations: a = appendix; b = genital bulb; e = embolus; p = procursus; u = uncus. Scale lines: 0.3 mm (31); 0.5 mm (29 – 30, 32 – 33)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1183681" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1183681/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Fig. 30</figureCitation>
|
||
), long in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="30D84D404E4E7028FCA4C57FC896FAE3" authority="Huber, 2011" authorityName="Huber" authorityYear="2011" box="[856,1153,1281,1307]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Pholcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="erawan">
|
||
<emphasis id="C5ACEAD14E4E7028FCA4C57FCFF4FAE3" box="[856,995,1281,1307]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Ph. erawan</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="93494B324E4E7028FC11C57FC896FAE3" author="Huber B. A." box="[1005,1153,1281,1307]" journalOrPublisher="Bonner zoologische Monographien" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" pagination="1 - 509" part="58" refId="ref22845" refString="Huber B. A. 2011. Revision and cladistic analysis of Pholcus and closely related taxa (Araneae, Pholcidae). Bonner zoologische Monographien 58: 1 - 509." title="Revision and cladistic analysis of Pholcus and closely related taxa (Araneae, Pholcidae)" type="journal article" year="2011">Huber, 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(fig.
|
||
<quantity id="30209B264E4E7028FB3AC57FC934FAE3" box="[1222,1315,1281,1307]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.72618" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" unit="in" value="1467.0">1467 in</quantity>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="93494B324E4E7028FAD1C57FCCECFAC7" author="Huber B. A." journalOrPublisher="Bonner zoologische Monographien" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" pagination="1 - 509" part="58" refId="ref22845" refString="Huber B. A. 2011. Revision and cladistic analysis of Pholcus and closely related taxa (Araneae, Pholcidae). Bonner zoologische Monographien 58: 1 - 509." title="Revision and cladistic analysis of Pholcus and closely related taxa (Araneae, Pholcidae)" type="journal article" year="2011">Huber 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||
); procursus usually with dorsal flap, absent in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="30D84D404E4E7028FCE4C55BCF88FAC7" box="[792,927,1317,1343]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Pholcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="erawan">
|
||
<emphasis id="C5ACEAD14E4E7028FCE4C55BCF88FAC7" box="[792,927,1317,1343]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Ph. erawan</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; tibia
|
||
<quantity id="30209B264E4E7028FC15C55BC801FAC7" box="[1001,1046,1317,1343]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.54" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" unit="in" value="1.0">1 in</quantity>
|
||
males ~6–9, in females ~6–8; male gonopore with four epiandrous spigots (
|
||
<figureCitation id="6FE32A464E4E7028FD2AC537CF25FA9B" box="[726,818,1353,1379]" captionStart="Figs 18 – 28" captionStartId="8.[189,241,1754,1780]" captionTargetBox="[236,1352,265,1698]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[236,1352,265,1699]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figs 18 – 28. Pholcus halabala Huber, 2011, ZFMK Ar 15008. 18. Male ocular area, frontal view. 19. Modified hairs on male ocular area, dorsal view. 20. Male prosoma, frontal view. 21 – 22. Right procursus (and trochanter apophysis), retrolateral and retrolatero-distal views (arrows point at distal pocket). 23. Modified hairs on male ocular area. 24. Left bulbal processes, prolateral (slightly ventral) view. 25. Male ALS. 26. Male gonopore. 27. Comb-hairs on male tarsus 4. 28. Male distal cheliceral apophysis. Abbreviations: a = appendix; AME = anterior median eyes; e = embolus; p = procursus; tr = trochanter; u = uncus. Scale lines: 10 µm (25, 27); 20 µm (28); 30 µm (23); 40 µm (26); 80 µm (24); 100 µm (19, 21 – 22); 200 µm (18); 300 µm (20)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1183679" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1183679/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Figs 26</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="6FE32A464E4E7028FCC3C537CF77FA9B" box="[831,864,1353,1379]" captionStart="Figs 39 – 48" captionStartId="15.[189,240,1824,1850]" captionTargetBox="[189,1399,286,1784]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[189,1399,286,1784]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Figs 39 – 48. Pholcus erawan Huber, 2011, ZFMK Ar 15016 – 17. 39. Male distal cheliceral apophysis (arrows point at modified hairs). 40. Left procursus, prolateral view. 41. Right procursus, retrolatero-dorsal view (arrow points at distal pocket). 42. Left bulbal processes, distal view. 43. Male ocular area, frontal view. 44. Male gonopore. 45. Female ALS. 46. Comb-hairs on male tarsus 4. 47. Female prosoma, frontal view. 48. Epigynum, ventral view. Abbreviations: a = appendix; e = embolus; u = uncus. Scale lines: 10 µm (39); 20 µm (45 – 46); 40 µm (44); 60 µm (42); 80 µm (40); 100 µm (41, 48); 200 µm (43, 47)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1183685" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1183685/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">44</figureCitation>
|
||
; confirmed in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="30D84D404E4E7028FBF6C537C8B5FA9B" box="[1034,1186,1353,1379]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Pholcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="halabala">
|
||
<emphasis id="C5ACEAD14E4E7028FBF6C537C8B5FA9B" box="[1034,1186,1353,1379]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Ph. halabala</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="30D84D404E4E7028FB21C537C972FA9B" box="[1245,1381,1353,1379]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Pholcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="erawan">
|
||
<emphasis id="C5ACEAD14E4E7028FB21C537C972FA9B" box="[1245,1381,1353,1379]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Ph. erawan</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
); ALS with eight spigots each (one widened, one pointed, and six smaller cylindrically shaped spigots of varying sizes,
|
||
<figureCitation id="6FE32A464E4E7028FE76C5EFCDF2FA54" box="[394,485,1425,1452]" captionStart="Figs 18 – 28" captionStartId="8.[189,241,1754,1780]" captionTargetBox="[236,1352,265,1698]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[236,1352,265,1699]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figs 18 – 28. Pholcus halabala Huber, 2011, ZFMK Ar 15008. 18. Male ocular area, frontal view. 19. Modified hairs on male ocular area, dorsal view. 20. Male prosoma, frontal view. 21 – 22. Right procursus (and trochanter apophysis), retrolateral and retrolatero-distal views (arrows point at distal pocket). 23. Modified hairs on male ocular area. 24. Left bulbal processes, prolateral (slightly ventral) view. 25. Male ALS. 26. Male gonopore. 27. Comb-hairs on male tarsus 4. 28. Male distal cheliceral apophysis. Abbreviations: a = appendix; AME = anterior median eyes; e = embolus; p = procursus; tr = trochanter; u = uncus. Scale lines: 10 µm (25, 27); 20 µm (28); 30 µm (23); 40 µm (26); 80 µm (24); 100 µm (19, 21 – 22); 200 µm (18); 300 µm (20)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1183679" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1183679/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Figs 25</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="6FE32A464E4E7028FE0EC5EFCE04FA54" box="[498,531,1425,1452]" captionStart="Figs 39 – 48" captionStartId="15.[189,240,1824,1850]" captionTargetBox="[189,1399,286,1784]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[189,1399,286,1784]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Figs 39 – 48. Pholcus erawan Huber, 2011, ZFMK Ar 15016 – 17. 39. Male distal cheliceral apophysis (arrows point at modified hairs). 40. Left procursus, prolateral view. 41. Right procursus, retrolatero-dorsal view (arrow points at distal pocket). 42. Left bulbal processes, distal view. 43. Male ocular area, frontal view. 44. Male gonopore. 45. Female ALS. 46. Comb-hairs on male tarsus 4. 47. Female prosoma, frontal view. 48. Epigynum, ventral view. Abbreviations: a = appendix; e = embolus; u = uncus. Scale lines: 10 µm (39); 20 µm (45 – 46); 40 µm (44); 60 µm (42); 80 µm (40); 100 µm (41, 48); 200 µm (43, 47)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1183685" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1183685/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">45</figureCitation>
|
||
; confirmed in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="30D84D404E4E7028FD3CC5EFCF4FFA53" box="[704,856,1425,1451]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Pholcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="halabala">
|
||
<emphasis id="C5ACEAD14E4E7028FD3CC5EFCF4FFA53" box="[704,856,1425,1451]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Ph. halabala</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="30D84D404E4E7028FC69C5EFC80AFA53" box="[917,1053,1425,1451]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Pholcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="erawan">
|
||
<emphasis id="C5ACEAD14E4E7028FC69C5EFC80AFA53" box="[917,1053,1425,1451]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Ph. erawan</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
); web consists mostly of flat round platform closely attached to underside of leaf; web sometimes with large numbers of small silk tufts (
|
||
<figureCitation id="6FE32A464E4E7028FEFDC5A7CD59FA0B" box="[257,334,1497,1523]" captionStart="Figs 1 – 8" captionStartId="3.[189,241,1895,1921]" captionTargetBox="[198,1389,620,1852]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[198,1389,620,1853]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figs 1 – 8. Live specimens, Pholcus halabala Huber, 2011 (1 – 6) and Ph. ubin Huber, sp. nov. (7 – 8). 1. ♂ from MacRitchie, Singapore. 2. ♂ from Gunung Jerai, Malaysia. 3. ♀ with egg-sac from Gunung Liang, Malaysia. 4. Juvenile in web with silk tufts, Upper Selatar, Singapore. 5. ♀ with egg-sac from Hala Bala, Thailand. 6. ♀ with egg-sac from Ulu Dong, Malaysia. 7 – 8. ♂ and ♀ from Pulau Ubin, Singapore." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1183673" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1183673/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Figs 4</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="6FE32A464E4E7028FEA7C5A7CD6CFA0B" box="[347,379,1497,1523]" captionStart="Figs 9 – 16" captionStartId="4.[189,241,1895,1921]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,601,1858]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[189,1399,601,1859]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figs 9 – 16. Live specimens, Pholcus sabah Huber, 2011 (9 – 10), Ph. lintang Huber, sp. nov. (11 – 12) and Ph. erawan Huber, 2011 (13 – 16). 9. ♂ from Poring, Sabah. 10. ♂ from Sepilok, Sabah. 11 – 12. ♂ and ♀ from Bako, Sarawak. 13. ♂ from Khao Nan, Thailand. 14. Male from Erawan, Thailand. 15 – 16. ♂ and ♀ with egg-sac from Gunung Jerai, Malaysia." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1183675" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1183675/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">16</figureCitation>
|
||
; confirmed for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="30D84D404E4E7028FDCCC5A7CEDFFA0B" box="[560,712,1497,1523]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Pholcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="halabala">
|
||
<emphasis id="C5ACEAD14E4E7028FDCCC5A7CEDFFA0B" box="[560,712,1497,1523]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Ph. halabala</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="30D84D404E4E7028FD2BC5A7CF48FA0B" box="[727,863,1497,1523]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Pholcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="erawan">
|
||
<emphasis id="C5ACEAD14E4E7028FD2BC5A7CF48FA0B" box="[727,863,1497,1523]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Ph. erawan</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="30D84D404E4E7028FC65C5A7C80EFA0B" box="[921,1049,1497,1523]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Pholcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sepaku">
|
||
<emphasis id="C5ACEAD14E4E7028FC65C5A7C80EFA0B" box="[921,1049,1497,1523]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Ph. sepaku</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
); female holds egg-sac under body rather than in front of it (
|
||
<figureCitation id="6FE32A464E4E7028FDE2C583CEB3F9E0" box="[542,676,1533,1560]" captionStart="Figs 1 – 8" captionStartId="3.[189,241,1895,1921]" captionTargetBox="[198,1389,620,1852]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[198,1389,620,1853]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figs 1 – 8. Live specimens, Pholcus halabala Huber, 2011 (1 – 6) and Ph. ubin Huber, sp. nov. (7 – 8). 1. ♂ from MacRitchie, Singapore. 2. ♂ from Gunung Jerai, Malaysia. 3. ♀ with egg-sac from Gunung Liang, Malaysia. 4. Juvenile in web with silk tufts, Upper Selatar, Singapore. 5. ♀ with egg-sac from Hala Bala, Thailand. 6. ♀ with egg-sac from Ulu Dong, Malaysia. 7 – 8. ♂ and ♀ from Pulau Ubin, Singapore." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1183673" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1183673/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Figs 3, 5–6</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="6FE32A464E4E7028FD53C583CED8F9EF" box="[687,719,1533,1559]" captionStart="Figs 9 – 16" captionStartId="4.[189,241,1895,1921]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,601,1858]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[189,1399,601,1859]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figs 9 – 16. Live specimens, Pholcus sabah Huber, 2011 (9 – 10), Ph. lintang Huber, sp. nov. (11 – 12) and Ph. erawan Huber, 2011 (13 – 16). 9. ♂ from Poring, Sabah. 10. ♂ from Sepilok, Sabah. 11 – 12. ♂ and ♀ from Bako, Sarawak. 13. ♂ from Khao Nan, Thailand. 14. Male from Erawan, Thailand. 15 – 16. ♂ and ♀ with egg-sac from Gunung Jerai, Malaysia." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1183675" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1183675/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">16</figureCitation>
|
||
; confirmed for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="30D84D404E4E7028FC7EC583C80EF9EF" box="[898,1049,1533,1559]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Pholcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="halabala">
|
||
<emphasis id="C5ACEAD14E4E7028FC7EC583C80EF9EF" box="[898,1049,1533,1559]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Ph. halabala</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="30D84D404E4E7028FBDBC583C8B9F9EF" box="[1063,1198,1533,1559]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Pholcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="erawan">
|
||
<emphasis id="C5ACEAD14E4E7028FBDBC583C8B9F9EF" box="[1063,1198,1533,1559]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Ph. erawan</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="30D84D404E4E7028FB19C583C972F9EF" box="[1253,1381,1533,1559]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Pholcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sepaku">
|
||
<emphasis id="C5ACEAD14E4E7028FB19C583C972F9EF" box="[1253,1381,1533,1559]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Ph. sepaku</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="BFC265484E4E702CFF41C641CF1CFDE5" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="7" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="F76736C34E4E7028FF41C641CD4AF9A1" blockId="2.[189,1399,1599,1853]" box="[189,349,1599,1625]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
|
||
<heading id="AC2F81AF4E4E7028FF41C641CD4AF9A1" bold="true" box="[189,349,1599,1625]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" reason="6">
|
||
<emphasis id="C5ACEAD14E4E7028FF41C641CD4AF9A1" bold="true" box="[189,349,1599,1625]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Composition</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F76736C34E4E7028FF41C611C804F8C5" blockId="2.[189,1399,1599,1853]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
|
||
The 13 species assigned to this group are here divided into two operational sub-groups: a core-group of six species for which the evidence for monophyly is considered to be strong (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="30D84D404E4E7028FBB2C6EDC965F955" authority="Huber, 2011" authorityName="Huber" authorityYear="2011" box="[1102,1394,1683,1709]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Pholcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="erawan">
|
||
<emphasis id="C5ACEAD14E4E7028FBB2C6EDC8C1F954" box="[1102,1238,1683,1709]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Ph. erawan</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="93494B324E4E7028FB22C6EDC965F955" author="Huber B. A." box="[1246,1394,1683,1709]" journalOrPublisher="Bonner zoologische Monographien" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" pagination="1 - 509" part="58" refId="ref22845" refString="Huber B. A. 2011. Revision and cladistic analysis of Pholcus and closely related taxa (Araneae, Pholcidae). Bonner zoologische Monographien 58: 1 - 509." title="Revision and cladistic analysis of Pholcus and closely related taxa (Araneae, Pholcidae)" type="journal article" year="2011">Huber, 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="30D84D404E4E7028FF41C6C9CDF9F929" authority="Huber, 2011" authorityName="Huber" authorityYear="2011" box="[189,494,1718,1745]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Pholcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="halabala">
|
||
<emphasis id="C5ACEAD14E4E7028FF41C6C9CD43F929" box="[189,340,1719,1745]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Ph. halabala</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="93494B324E4E7028FEA7C6C8CDF9F929" author="Huber B. A." box="[347,494,1718,1745]" journalOrPublisher="Bonner zoologische Monographien" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" pagination="1 - 509" part="58" refId="ref22845" refString="Huber B. A. 2011. Revision and cladistic analysis of Pholcus and closely related taxa (Araneae, Pholcidae). Bonner zoologische Monographien 58: 1 - 509." title="Revision and cladistic analysis of Pholcus and closely related taxa (Araneae, Pholcidae)" type="journal article" year="2011">Huber, 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="30D84D404E4E7028FE06C6C9CEDDF928" authority="Huber" authorityName="Huber" box="[506,714,1718,1745]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Pholcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lintang" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="C5ACEAD14E4E7028FE06C6C9CE6BF929" box="[506,636,1719,1745]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Ph. lintang</emphasis>
|
||
Huber
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="DE9F57AA4E4E7028FD28C6C9CF26F929" box="[724,817,1719,1745]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="30D84D404E4E7028FCC1C6C9C85BF929" authority="Huber, 2011" authorityName="Huber" authorityYear="2011" box="[829,1100,1718,1745]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Pholcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sabah">
|
||
<emphasis id="C5ACEAD14E4E7028FCC1C6C9CFA6F929" box="[829,945,1719,1745]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Ph. sabah</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="93494B324E4E7028FC44C6C8C85BF929" author="Huber B. A." box="[952,1100,1718,1745]" journalOrPublisher="Bonner zoologische Monographien" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" pagination="1 - 509" part="58" refId="ref22845" refString="Huber B. A. 2011. Revision and cladistic analysis of Pholcus and closely related taxa (Araneae, Pholcidae). Bonner zoologische Monographien 58: 1 - 509." title="Revision and cladistic analysis of Pholcus and closely related taxa (Araneae, Pholcidae)" type="journal article" year="2011">Huber, 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="30D84D404E4E7028FBABC6C9C965F929" authority="Huber, 2011" authorityName="Huber" authorityYear="2011" box="[1111,1394,1718,1745]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Pholcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sepaku">
|
||
<emphasis id="C5ACEAD14E4E7028FBABC6C9C8C0F929" box="[1111,1239,1719,1745]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Ph. sepaku</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="93494B324E4E7028FB22C6C8C965F929" author="Huber B. A." box="[1246,1394,1718,1745]" journalOrPublisher="Bonner zoologische Monographien" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" pagination="1 - 509" part="58" refId="ref22845" refString="Huber B. A. 2011. Revision and cladistic analysis of Pholcus and closely related taxa (Araneae, Pholcidae). Bonner zoologische Monographien 58: 1 - 509." title="Revision and cladistic analysis of Pholcus and closely related taxa (Araneae, Pholcidae)" type="journal article" year="2011">Huber, 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="30D84D404E4E7028FF41C6A5CD08F90D" box="[189,287,1755,1781]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Pholcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ubin" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="C5ACEAD14E4E7028FF41C6A5CD08F90D" box="[189,287,1755,1781]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Ph. ubin</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="DE9F57AA4E4E7028FED9C6A5CD95F90D" box="[293,386,1755,1781]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
); and a sub-group of seven species whose assignment is tentative [
|
||
<taxonomicName id="30D84D404E4E7028FB7CC6A5CD41F8E1" authority="Yin & Wang, 1981" authorityName="Yin & Wang" authorityYear="1981" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Pholcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="elongatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="C5ACEAD14E4E7028FB7CC6A5C937F90D" box="[1152,1312,1755,1781]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Ph. elongatus</emphasis>
|
||
(Yin & Wang, 1981)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="30D84D404E4E7028FE9DC681CEA9F8E1" authority="Tong & Li, 2009" authorityName="Tong & Li" authorityYear="2009" box="[353,702,1790,1817]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Pholcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="exceptus">
|
||
<emphasis id="C5ACEAD14E4E7028FE9DC681CDE3F8E0" box="[353,500,1791,1817]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Ph. exceptus</emphasis>
|
||
Tong & Li, 2009
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="30D84D404E4E7028FD35C681CF88F8E0" authority="Huber" authorityName="Huber" box="[713,927,1790,1817]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Pholcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="khaolek" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="C5ACEAD14E4E7028FD35C681CF45F8E1" box="[713,850,1791,1817]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Ph. khaolek</emphasis>
|
||
Huber
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="DE9F57AA4E4E7028FC55C681C812F8E1" box="[937,1029,1791,1817]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="30D84D404E4E7028FBECC681C91BF8E0" authority="Huber" authorityName="Huber" box="[1040,1292,1790,1817]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Pholcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kuhapimuk" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="C5ACEAD14E4E7028FBECC681C8A8F8E1" box="[1040,1215,1791,1817]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Ph. kuhapimuk</emphasis>
|
||
Huber
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="DE9F57AA4E4E7028FAE9C681C965F8E1" box="[1301,1394,1791,1817]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="30D84D404E4E7028FF41C75DCDDDF8C5" authority="Huber, 2011" authorityName="Huber" authorityYear="2011" box="[189,458,1826,1853]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Pholcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pakse">
|
||
<emphasis id="C5ACEAD14E4E7028FF41C75DCD38F8C5" box="[189,303,1827,1853]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Ph. pakse</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="93494B324E4E7028FECAC75CCDDDF8C5" author="Huber B. A." box="[310,458,1826,1853]" journalOrPublisher="Bonner zoologische Monographien" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" pagination="1 - 509" part="58" refId="ref22845" refString="Huber B. A. 2011. Revision and cladistic analysis of Pholcus and closely related taxa (Araneae, Pholcidae). Bonner zoologische Monographien 58: 1 - 509." title="Revision and cladistic analysis of Pholcus and closely related taxa (Araneae, Pholcidae)" type="journal article" year="2011">Huber, 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="30D84D404E4E7028FE2AC75DCEDCF8C5" authority="Huber, 2011" authorityName="Huber" authorityYear="2011" box="[470,715,1826,1853]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Pholcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pyu">
|
||
<emphasis id="C5ACEAD14E4E7028FE2AC75DCE38F8C4" box="[470,559,1827,1853]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Ph. pyu</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="93494B324E4E7028FDCBC75CCEDCF8C5" author="Huber B. A." box="[567,715,1826,1853]" journalOrPublisher="Bonner zoologische Monographien" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" pagination="1 - 509" part="58" refId="ref22845" refString="Huber B. A. 2011. Revision and cladistic analysis of Pholcus and closely related taxa (Araneae, Pholcidae). Bonner zoologische Monographien 58: 1 - 509." title="Revision and cladistic analysis of Pholcus and closely related taxa (Araneae, Pholcidae)" type="journal article" year="2011">Huber, 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="30D84D404E4E7028FD2BC75DC81FF8C5" authority="Huber, 2011" authorityName="Huber" authorityYear="2011" box="[727,1032,1826,1853]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Pholcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sudhami">
|
||
<emphasis id="C5ACEAD14E4E7028FD2BC75DCF7EF8C5" box="[727,873,1827,1853]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Ph. sudhami</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="93494B324E4E7028FC8DC75CC81FF8C5" author="Huber B. A." box="[881,1032,1826,1853]" journalOrPublisher="Bonner zoologische Monographien" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" pagination="1 - 509" part="58" refId="ref22845" refString="Huber B. A. 2011. Revision and cladistic analysis of Pholcus and closely related taxa (Araneae, Pholcidae). Bonner zoologische Monographien 58: 1 - 509." title="Revision and cladistic analysis of Pholcus and closely related taxa (Araneae, Pholcidae)" type="journal article" year="2011">Huber, 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
].
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F76736C34E4E702EFF41C71BCDCCFE6A" blockId="2.[189,1399,1893,2027]" lastBlockId="4.[189,1399,267,402]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="5" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
|
||
The composition of the group changes as follows: to the original core group consisting of three species (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="30D84D404E4E7028FF3BC7F7CD77F85B" box="[199,352,1929,1955]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Pholcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="halabala">
|
||
<emphasis id="C5ACEAD14E4E7028FF3BC7F7CD77F85B" box="[199,352,1929,1955]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Ph. halabala</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="30D84D404E4E7028FE8DC7F7CDFFF85B" box="[369,488,1929,1955]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Pholcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sabah">
|
||
<emphasis id="C5ACEAD14E4E7028FE8DC7F7CDFFF85B" box="[369,488,1929,1955]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Ph. sabah</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="30D84D404E4E7028FE05C7F7CE6DF85B" box="[505,634,1929,1955]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Pholcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sepaku">
|
||
<emphasis id="C5ACEAD14E4E7028FE05C7F7CE6DF85B" box="[505,634,1929,1955]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Ph. sepaku</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) we add two newly described species (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="30D84D404E4E7028FBAEC7F7C911F85B" authority="Huber" authorityName="Huber" box="[1106,1286,1929,1955]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Pholcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ubin" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="C5ACEAD14E4E7028FBAEC7F7C8A1F85B" box="[1106,1206,1929,1955]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Ph. ubin</emphasis>
|
||
Huber
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="DE9F57AA4E4E7028FAEFC7F7C965F85B" box="[1299,1394,1929,1955]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="30D84D404E4E7028FF41C7D3CD29F83F" box="[189,318,1965,1991]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Pholcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lintang" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="C5ACEAD14E4E7028FF41C7D3CD29F83F" box="[189,318,1965,1991]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Ph. lintang</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="DE9F57AA4E4E7028FEB9C7D3CDB7F83F" box="[325,416,1965,1991]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
) as well as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="30D84D404E4E7028FDDAC7D3CEBBF83F" box="[550,684,1965,1991]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Pholcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="erawan">
|
||
<emphasis id="C5ACEAD14E4E7028FDDAC7D3CEBBF83F" box="[550,684,1965,1991]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Ph. erawan</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The latter species was originally part of another problematic species group (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="30D84D404E4E7028FE8AC7AFCE83F813" box="[374,660,2001,2027]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Pholcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quinquenotatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="C5ACEAD14E4E7028FE8AC7AFCE83F813" box="[374,660,2001,2027]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Pholcus quinquenotatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="93494B324E4E7028FD0BC7AFCFDEF813" author="Huber B. A." box="[759,969,2001,2027]" journalOrPublisher="Bonner zoologische Monographien" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" pagination="1 - 509" part="58" refId="ref22845" refString="Huber B. A. 2011. Revision and cladistic analysis of Pholcus and closely related taxa (Araneae, Pholcidae). Bonner zoologische Monographien 58: 1 - 509." title="Revision and cladistic analysis of Pholcus and closely related taxa (Araneae, Pholcidae)" type="journal article" year="2011">Huber 2011: 290</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). It lacks the distinctive dorsal flap on the procursus that is present in the other five species of the core group, and the hairs in the male ocular area are not particularly strong, but it is moved into the core group because (1) it builds the same distinctive web closely attached to the leaf surface as the five other species; (2) webs are provided with facultative silk tufts like in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="30D84D404E4F7029FDB7C10BCEF2FE77" box="[587,741,373,399]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Pholcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="halabala">
|
||
<emphasis id="C5ACEAD14E4F7029FDB7C10BCEF2FE77" box="[587,741,373,399]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Ph. halabala</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="30D84D404E4F7029FCD8C10BCFB0FE77" box="[804,935,373,399]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Pholcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sepaku">
|
||
<emphasis id="C5ACEAD14E4F7029FCD8C10BCFB0FE77" box="[804,935,373,399]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Ph. sepaku</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(otherwise only known in the African genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="30D84D404E4F7029FEF6C1E7CE50FE4A" authority="Simon, 1890" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1890" box="[266,583,408,435]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Smeringopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="C5ACEAD14E4F7029FEF6C1E7CDB4FE4B" box="[266,419,409,435]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Smeringopus</emphasis>
|
||
Simon, 1890
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="93494B324E4F7029FDA8C1E6CEF1FE4A" author="Huber B. A." box="[596,742,408,434]" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="1 - 138" part="3461" refId="ref22877" refString="Huber B. A. 2012. Revision and cladistic analysis of the Afrotropical endemic genus Smeringopus Simon, 1890 (Araneae: Pholcidae). Zootaxa 3461: 1 - 138." title="Revision and cladistic analysis of the Afrotropical endemic genus Smeringopus Simon, 1890 (Araneae: Pholcidae)" type="journal article" year="2012">Huber 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
||
); (3) females carry the egg-sac under the body like
|
||
<taxonomicName id="30D84D404E4F7029FAB3C1E6CD32FE2D" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Pholcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="halabala">
|
||
<emphasis id="C5ACEAD14E4F7029FAB3C1E6CD32FE2D" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Ph. halabala</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="30D84D404E4F7029FEA1C1C5CDCAFE2D" box="[349,477,443,469]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Pholcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sepaku">
|
||
<emphasis id="C5ACEAD14E4F7029FEA1C1C5CDCAFE2D" box="[349,477,443,469]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Ph. sepaku</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which is unique among
|
||
<taxonomicName id="30D84D404E4F7029FCFDC1C5CF6EFE2D" box="[769,889,443,469]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Pholcidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
; (4) life specimens have an almost identical distinctive pattern of large whitish to yellowish and black spots on the abdomen, and on the carapace a pair of V-marks; and (5) the procursus is provided with a distinctive retrolateral distal pocket also present in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="30D84D404E4F7029FEBCC25BCDCCFDC7" box="[320,475,549,575]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Pholcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="halabala">
|
||
<emphasis id="C5ACEAD14E4F7029FEBCC25BCDCCFDC7" box="[320,475,549,575]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Ph. halabala</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="6FE32A464E4F7029FE13C25BCE6CFDC7" box="[495,635,549,575]" captionStart="Figs 18 – 28" captionStartId="8.[189,241,1754,1780]" captionTargetBox="[236,1352,265,1698]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[236,1352,265,1699]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figs 18 – 28. Pholcus halabala Huber, 2011, ZFMK Ar 15008. 18. Male ocular area, frontal view. 19. Modified hairs on male ocular area, dorsal view. 20. Male prosoma, frontal view. 21 – 22. Right procursus (and trochanter apophysis), retrolateral and retrolatero-distal views (arrows point at distal pocket). 23. Modified hairs on male ocular area. 24. Left bulbal processes, prolateral (slightly ventral) view. 25. Male ALS. 26. Male gonopore. 27. Comb-hairs on male tarsus 4. 28. Male distal cheliceral apophysis. Abbreviations: a = appendix; AME = anterior median eyes; e = embolus; p = procursus; tr = trochanter; u = uncus. Scale lines: 10 µm (25, 27); 20 µm (28); 30 µm (23); 40 µm (26); 80 µm (24); 100 µm (19, 21 – 22); 200 µm (18); 300 µm (20)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1183679" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1183679/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Figs 21–22</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="6FE32A464E4F7029FD77C25BCEBBFDC7" box="[651,684,549,575]" captionStart="Figs 39 – 48" captionStartId="15.[189,240,1824,1850]" captionTargetBox="[189,1399,286,1784]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[189,1399,286,1784]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Figs 39 – 48. Pholcus erawan Huber, 2011, ZFMK Ar 15016 – 17. 39. Male distal cheliceral apophysis (arrows point at modified hairs). 40. Left procursus, prolateral view. 41. Right procursus, retrolatero-dorsal view (arrow points at distal pocket). 42. Left bulbal processes, distal view. 43. Male ocular area, frontal view. 44. Male gonopore. 45. Female ALS. 46. Comb-hairs on male tarsus 4. 47. Female prosoma, frontal view. 48. Epigynum, ventral view. Abbreviations: a = appendix; e = embolus; u = uncus. Scale lines: 10 µm (39); 20 µm (45 – 46); 40 µm (44); 60 µm (42); 80 µm (40); 100 µm (41, 48); 200 µm (43, 47)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1183685" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1183685/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">41</figureCitation>
|
||
). Preliminary molecular data (A. Valdez-Mondragón, B.A. Huber & D. Dimitrov unpublished data), including all species of the core group except
|
||
<taxonomicName id="30D84D404E48702EFB46C175C92DFEDD" box="[1210,1338,267,293]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Pholcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sepaku">
|
||
<emphasis id="C5ACEAD14E48702EFB46C175C92DFEDD" box="[1210,1338,267,293]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Ph. sepaku</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(i.e., also
|
||
<taxonomicName id="30D84D404E48702EFF09C151CD6AFEB0" box="[245,381,303,329]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Pholcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="erawan">
|
||
<emphasis id="C5ACEAD14E48702EFF09C151CD6AFEB0" box="[245,381,303,329]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Ph. erawan</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), strongly support the monophyly of this group. The RMNH has three further species of the core group from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="30D84D404E48702EFE2DC12CCE0EFE94" box="[465,537,338,364]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Pholcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sabah">Sabah</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="6FE32A464E48702EFDD6C12CCE96FE94" box="[554,641,338,364]" captionStart="Fig. 17" captionStartId="5.[189,232,2000,2026]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,895,1959]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[189,1399,895,1959]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 17. Known distribution of the core group of the Pholcus halabala species group." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1183677" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1183677/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 17</figureCitation>
|
||
), but the specimens are poorly preserved and for this reason not formally described here.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="A3A7664B4E4F7029FF41C719C955F813" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1183673" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1183673/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" targetBox="[198,1389,620,1852]" targetPageId="3">
|
||
<paragraph id="F76736C34E4F7029FF41C719C955F813" blockId="3.[189,1399,1895,2027]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
<emphasis id="C5ACEAD14E4F7029FF41C719CD3CF879" bold="true" box="[189,299,1895,1921]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Figs 1–8.</emphasis>
|
||
Live specimens,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="30D84D404E4F7029FE0AC719CF4DF879" authority="Huber, 2011" authorityName="Huber" authorityYear="2011" box="[502,858,1895,1921]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Pholcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="halabala">
|
||
<emphasis id="C5ACEAD14E4F7029FE0AC719CED4F879" box="[502,707,1895,1921]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Pholcus halabala</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="93494B324E4F7029FD36C719CF4DF879" author="Huber B. A." box="[714,858,1895,1921]" journalOrPublisher="Bonner zoologische Monographien" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="1 - 509" part="58" refId="ref22845" refString="Huber B. A. 2011. Revision and cladistic analysis of Pholcus and closely related taxa (Araneae, Pholcidae). Bonner zoologische Monographien 58: 1 - 509." title="Revision and cladistic analysis of Pholcus and closely related taxa (Araneae, Pholcidae)" type="journal article" year="2011">Huber, 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(1–6) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="30D84D404E4F7029FC2BC719C89CF879" authority="Huber" authorityName="Huber" box="[983,1163,1895,1921]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Pholcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ubin" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="C5ACEAD14E4F7029FC2BC719C82DF879" box="[983,1082,1895,1921]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Ph. ubin</emphasis>
|
||
Huber
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="DE9F57AA4E4F7029FB6AC716C8E7F87A" box="[1174,1264,1896,1922]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
(7–8).
|
||
<emphasis id="C5ACEAD14E4F7029FAB8C719C944F879" bold="true" box="[1348,1363,1895,1921]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">1</emphasis>
|
||
. ♂ from MacRitchie, Singapore.
|
||
<emphasis id="C5ACEAD14E4F7029FDE4C7F4CE30F85C" bold="true" box="[536,551,1930,1956]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">2</emphasis>
|
||
. ♂ from Gunung Jerai, Malaysia.
|
||
<emphasis id="C5ACEAD14E4F7029FC4FC7F4CFD5F85C" bold="true" box="[947,962,1930,1956]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">3</emphasis>
|
||
. ♀ with egg-sac from Gunung Liang, Malaysia.
|
||
<emphasis id="C5ACEAD14E4F7029FECAC7D3CD52F83F" bold="true" box="[310,325,1965,1991]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">4</emphasis>
|
||
. Juvenile in web with silk tufts, Upper Selatar, Singapore.
|
||
<emphasis id="C5ACEAD14E4F7029FC17C7D0CFEDF830" bold="true" box="[1003,1018,1966,1992]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">5</emphasis>
|
||
. ♀ with egg-sac from Hala Bala, Thailand.
|
||
<emphasis id="C5ACEAD14E4F7029FEC8C7AFCD54F813" bold="true" box="[308,323,2001,2027]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">6</emphasis>
|
||
. ♀ with egg-sac from Ulu Dong, Malaysia.
|
||
<emphasis id="C5ACEAD14E4F7029FCB5C7AFCF62F813" bold="true" box="[841,885,2001,2027]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">7–8</emphasis>
|
||
. ♂ and ♀ from Pulau
|
||
<taxonomicName id="30D84D404E4F7029FB86C7AFC8AFF813" box="[1146,1208,2001,2027]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Pholcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ubin">Ubin</taxonomicName>
|
||
, Singapore.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="F76736C34E48702FFF41C1C4CD96FDC7" blockId="4.[189,1399,441,538]" lastBlockId="5.[189,1399,267,575]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
In addition to this core group, we include in the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="30D84D404E48702EFCE0C1C4CFA0FE2C" box="[796,951,442,468]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Pholcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="halabala">
|
||
<emphasis id="C5ACEAD14E48702EFCE0C1C4CFA0FE2C" box="[796,951,442,468]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Ph. halabala</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group two further species that were previously part of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="30D84D404E48702EFE40C1A3CEC1FE0F" box="[444,726,477,503]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Pholcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quinquenotatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="C5ACEAD14E48702EFE40C1A3CEC1FE0F" box="[444,726,477,503]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Pholcus quinquenotatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="30D84D404E48702EFCCCC1A3C84CFE0F" authority="Huber, 2011" authorityName="Huber" authorityYear="2011" box="[816,1115,477,503]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Pholcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sudhami">
|
||
<emphasis id="C5ACEAD14E48702EFCCCC1A3CFD5FE0F" box="[816,962,477,503]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Ph. sudhami</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="93494B324E48702EFC34C1A3C84CFE0F" author="Huber B. A." box="[968,1115,477,503]" journalOrPublisher="Bonner zoologische Monographien" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="1 - 509" part="58" refId="ref22845" refString="Huber B. A. 2011. Revision and cladistic analysis of Pholcus and closely related taxa (Araneae, Pholcidae). Bonner zoologische Monographien 58: 1 - 509." title="Revision and cladistic analysis of Pholcus and closely related taxa (Araneae, Pholcidae)" type="journal article" year="2011">Huber, 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="30D84D404E48702EFB9AC1A3C979FE0F" authority="Huber, 2011" authorityName="Huber" authorityYear="2011" box="[1126,1390,477,503]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Pholcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pakse">
|
||
<emphasis id="C5ACEAD14E48702EFB9AC1A3C8C0FE0F" box="[1126,1239,477,503]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Ph. pakse</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="93494B324E48702EFB21C1A3C979FE0F" author="Huber B. A." box="[1245,1390,477,503]" journalOrPublisher="Bonner zoologische Monographien" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="1 - 509" part="58" refId="ref22845" refString="Huber B. A. 2011. Revision and cladistic analysis of Pholcus and closely related taxa (Araneae, Pholcidae). Bonner zoologische Monographien 58: 1 - 509." title="Revision and cladistic analysis of Pholcus and closely related taxa (Araneae, Pholcidae)" type="journal article" year="2011">Huber, 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) as well as two newly described species (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="30D84D404E48702EFD7BC27ECF22FDE2" box="[647,821,512,538]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Pholcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kuhapimuk" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="C5ACEAD14E48702EFD7BC27ECF22FDE2" box="[647,821,512,538]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Ph. kuhapimuk</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="DE9F57AA4E48702EFCC6C27ECF81FDE2" box="[826,918,512,538]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="30D84D404E48702EFC63C27EC830FDE2" box="[927,1063,512,538]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Pholcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="khaolek" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="C5ACEAD14E48702EFC63C27EC830FDE2" box="[927,1063,512,538]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Ph. khaolek</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="DE9F57AA4E48702EFBD1C27EC89EFDE2" box="[1069,1161,512,538]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
).Again, preliminary molecular data (A. Valdez-Mondragón, B.A. Huber & D. Dimitrov unpublished data) strongly support a close relationship of these four species with the core group, and at least
|
||
<taxonomicName id="30D84D404E49702FFC05C151C89DFEB1" box="[1017,1162,303,329]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Pholcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sudhami">
|
||
<emphasis id="C5ACEAD14E49702FFC05C151C89DFEB1" box="[1017,1162,303,329]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Ph. sudhami</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="30D84D404E49702FFB3EC151C924FEB1" box="[1218,1331,303,329]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Pholcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pakse">
|
||
<emphasis id="C5ACEAD14E49702FFB3EC151C924FEB1" box="[1218,1331,303,329]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Ph. pakse</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
share some morphological similarities with the core group (carapace and abdomen pattern, male eye triads on low humps, large AME, male cheliceral apophyses with modified hairs), but no putative morphological synapomorphy is known that would support this close relationship. The microhabitat of these four species differs from the core group (rocks and tree roots rather than foliage); egg-sacs are carried in front of the body as in typical pholcids; webs were never seen to be provided with silk tufts. In addition, males of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="30D84D404E49702FFED1C27CCDD5FDE4" box="[301,450,514,540]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Pholcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sudhami">
|
||
<emphasis id="C5ACEAD14E49702FFED1C27CCDD5FDE4" box="[301,450,514,540]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Ph. sudhami</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="30D84D404E49702FFDFCC27CCE62FDE4" box="[512,629,514,540]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Pholcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pakse">
|
||
<emphasis id="C5ACEAD14E49702FFDFCC27CCE62FDE4" box="[512,629,514,540]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Ph. pakse</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
lack stronger hairs in the ocular area, and both species lack the bulbal appendix.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="A3A7664B4E48702EFF41C719CEC1F813" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1183675" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1183675/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" targetBox="[189,1398,601,1858]" targetPageId="4">
|
||
<paragraph id="F76736C34E48702EFF41C719CEC1F813" blockId="4.[189,1398,1895,2027]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<emphasis id="C5ACEAD14E48702EFF41C719CD2DF879" bold="true" box="[189,314,1895,1921]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Figs 9–16.</emphasis>
|
||
Live specimens,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="30D84D404E48702EFDF9C719CF5FF879" authority="Huber, 2011" authorityName="Huber" authorityYear="2011" box="[517,840,1895,1921]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Pholcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sabah">
|
||
<emphasis id="C5ACEAD14E48702EFDF9C719CEA7F879" box="[517,688,1895,1921]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Pholcus sabah</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="93494B324E48702EFD4BC719CF5FF879" author="Huber B. A." box="[695,840,1895,1921]" journalOrPublisher="Bonner zoologische Monographien" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="1 - 509" part="58" refId="ref22845" refString="Huber B. A. 2011. Revision and cladistic analysis of Pholcus and closely related taxa (Araneae, Pholcidae). Bonner zoologische Monographien 58: 1 - 509." title="Revision and cladistic analysis of Pholcus and closely related taxa (Araneae, Pholcidae)" type="journal article" year="2011">Huber, 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(9–10),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="30D84D404E48702EFC56C719C869F879" authority="Huber" authorityName="Huber" box="[938,1150,1895,1921]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Pholcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lintang" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="C5ACEAD14E48702EFC56C719C83BF879" box="[938,1068,1895,1921]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Ph. lintang</emphasis>
|
||
Huber
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="DE9F57AA4E48702EFB75C716C8F4F87A" box="[1161,1251,1896,1922]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
(11–12) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="30D84D404E48702EFF41C7F4CDCDF85C" authority="Huber, 2011" authorityName="Huber" authorityYear="2011" box="[189,474,1930,1956]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Pholcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="erawan">
|
||
<emphasis id="C5ACEAD14E48702EFF41C7F4CD54F85C" box="[189,323,1930,1956]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Ph. erawan</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="93494B324E48702EFEB6C7F4CDCDF85C" author="Huber B. A." box="[330,474,1930,1956]" journalOrPublisher="Bonner zoologische Monographien" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="1 - 509" part="58" refId="ref22845" refString="Huber B. A. 2011. Revision and cladistic analysis of Pholcus and closely related taxa (Araneae, Pholcidae). Bonner zoologische Monographien 58: 1 - 509." title="Revision and cladistic analysis of Pholcus and closely related taxa (Araneae, Pholcidae)" type="journal article" year="2011">Huber, 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(13–16).
|
||
<emphasis id="C5ACEAD14E48702EFDB0C7F4CE4CF85C" bold="true" box="[588,603,1930,1956]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">9</emphasis>
|
||
. ♂ from Poring,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="30D84D404E48702EFCDDC7F4CF7BF85C" box="[801,876,1930,1956]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Pholcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sabah">Sabah</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="C5ACEAD14E48702EFC8BC7F4CF83F85C" bold="true" box="[887,916,1930,1956]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">10</emphasis>
|
||
. ♂ from Sepilok,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="30D84D404E48702EFB9BC7F4C8A5F85C" box="[1127,1202,1930,1956]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Pholcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sabah">Sabah</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="C5ACEAD14E48702EFB41C7F4C912F85C" bold="true" box="[1213,1285,1930,1956]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">11–12</emphasis>
|
||
. ♂ and ♀ from Bako, Sarawak.
|
||
<emphasis id="C5ACEAD14E48702EFE42C7D3CDCCF83F" bold="true" box="[446,475,1965,1991]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">13</emphasis>
|
||
. ♂ from Khao Nan, Thailand.
|
||
<emphasis id="C5ACEAD14E48702EFCBAC7D3CF74F83F" bold="true" box="[838,867,1965,1991]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">14</emphasis>
|
||
. Male from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="30D84D404E48702EFC0BC7D0C843F830" box="[1015,1108,1966,1992]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Pholcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="erawan">Erawan</taxonomicName>
|
||
, Thailand.
|
||
<emphasis id="C5ACEAD14E48702EFB2AC7D3C937F83F" bold="true" box="[1238,1312,1965,1991]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">15–16</emphasis>
|
||
. ♂ and ♀ with egg-sac from Gunung Jerai, Malaysia.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="F76736C34E49702CFF41C218C95DFE6A" blockId="5.[189,1399,614,817]" lastBlockId="6.[189,1399,267,403]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
Three species originally assigned to the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="30D84D404E49702FFD58C218CF1CFD78" box="[676,779,614,640]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Pholcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="halabala">
|
||
<emphasis id="C5ACEAD14E49702FFD58C218CF1CFD78" box="[676,779,614,640]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">halabala</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group are kept in the group simply for the lack of a better solution:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="30D84D404E49702FFE72C2F4CE9FFD5C" authority="Huber, 2011" authorityName="Huber" authorityYear="2011" box="[398,648,649,676]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Pholcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pyu">
|
||
<emphasis id="C5ACEAD14E49702FFE72C2F4CDFDFD5B" box="[398,490,650,676]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Ph. pyu</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="93494B324E49702FFE0FC2F7CE9FFD5C" author="Huber B. A." box="[499,648,649,676]" journalOrPublisher="Bonner zoologische Monographien" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="1 - 509" part="58" refId="ref22845" refString="Huber B. A. 2011. Revision and cladistic analysis of Pholcus and closely related taxa (Araneae, Pholcidae). Bonner zoologische Monographien 58: 1 - 509." title="Revision and cladistic analysis of Pholcus and closely related taxa (Araneae, Pholcidae)" type="journal article" year="2011">Huber, 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="30D84D404E49702FFD6AC2F4C82DFD5C" authority="Yin & Wang, 1981" authorityName="Yin & Wang" authorityYear="1981" box="[662,1082,649,676]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Pholcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="elongatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="C5ACEAD14E49702FFD6AC2F4CF2EFD5C" box="[662,825,650,676]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Ph. elongatus</emphasis>
|
||
(Yin & Wang, 1981)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="30D84D404E49702FFB80C2F4CD30FD3F" authority="Tong & Li, 2009" authorityName="Tong & Li" authorityYear="2009" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Pholcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="exceptus">
|
||
<emphasis id="C5ACEAD14E49702FFB80C2F4C905FD5B" box="[1148,1298,650,676]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Ph. exceptus</emphasis>
|
||
Tong & Li, 2009
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Data on natural history and ultrastructure are not available for any of them, nor is any of them included in our preliminary molecular analysis (A. Valdez-Mondragón, B.A. Huber & D. Dimitrov unpublished data). We speculate that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="30D84D404E49702FFD98C28DCEACFCF5" box="[612,699,755,781]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Pholcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pyu">
|
||
<emphasis id="C5ACEAD14E49702FFD98C28DCEACFCF5" box="[612,699,755,781]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Ph. pyu</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
may in fact belong to this group, but the other two species are quite certainly misplaced.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="30D84D404E49702FFE13C368CED2FCC8" box="[495,709,790,816]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Pholcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="elongatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="C5ACEAD14E49702FFE13C368CED2FCC8" box="[495,709,790,816]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Pholcus elongatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
lacks AME; males in this species have short eye stalks and pointed cheliceral apophyses without modified hairs; females have a long epigynal scape. We speculate that the closest relatives of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="30D84D404E4A702CFE0EC151CE87FEB1" box="[498,656,303,329]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Pholcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="elongatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="C5ACEAD14E4A702CFE0EC151CE87FEB1" box="[498,656,303,329]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Ph. elongatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are the Taiwanese species
|
||
<taxonomicName id="30D84D404E4A702CFC3DC151C961FEB2" authority="Huber & Dimitrov, 2014" authorityName="Huber & Dimitrov" authorityYear="2014" box="[961,1398,303,330]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Pholcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pingtung">
|
||
<emphasis id="C5ACEAD14E4A702CFC3DC151C841FEB1" box="[961,1110,303,329]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Ph. pingtung</emphasis>
|
||
Huber & Dimitrov, 2014
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="30D84D404E4A702CFF12C12ACEBDFE96" authority="Huber & Dimitrov, 2014" authorityName="Huber & Dimitrov" authorityYear="2014" box="[238,682,340,366]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Pholcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chengpoi">
|
||
<emphasis id="C5ACEAD14E4A702CFF12C12ACD91FE96" box="[238,390,340,366]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Ph. chengpoi</emphasis>
|
||
Huber & Dimitrov, 2014
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(six eyes; similar cheliceral apophyses; scape directed toward anterior).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="30D84D404E4A702CFED3C106CDEFFE6A" box="[303,504,376,402]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Pholcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="exceptus">
|
||
<emphasis id="C5ACEAD14E4A702CFED3C106CDEFFE6A" box="[303,504,376,402]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Pholcus exceptus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a mysterious species with entirely reduced distal cheliceral apophyses.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="A3A7664B4E49702FFF41C7AEC8B1F813" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1183677" box="[189,1190,2000,2027]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1183677/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" targetBox="[189,1398,895,1959]" targetPageId="5">
|
||
<paragraph id="F76736C34E49702FFF41C7AEC8B1F813" blockId="5.[189,1190,2000,2027]" box="[189,1190,2000,2027]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<emphasis id="C5ACEAD14E49702FFF41C7AECD0EF813" bold="true" box="[189,281,2000,2027]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 17.</emphasis>
|
||
Known distribution of the core group of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="30D84D404E49702FFCD4C7AFCFE1F813" box="[808,1014,2001,2027]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Pholcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="halabala">
|
||
<emphasis id="C5ACEAD14E49702FFCD4C7AFCFE1F813" box="[808,1014,2001,2027]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Pholcus halabala</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species group.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="F76736C34E4A702CFF41C1C4CF1CFDE5" blockId="6.[189,1399,442,541]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
Finally, five species originally included in the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="30D84D404E4A702CFD16C1C4CFADFE2C" box="[746,954,442,468]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Pholcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="halabala">
|
||
<emphasis id="C5ACEAD14E4A702CFD16C1C4CFADFE2C" box="[746,954,442,468]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Pholcus halabala</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group are transferred to new species groups (see below):
|
||
<taxonomicName id="30D84D404E4A702CFE57C1A0CEC1FE00" authority="Huber, 2011" authorityName="Huber" authorityYear="2011" box="[427,726,478,504]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Pholcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="andulau">
|
||
<emphasis id="C5ACEAD14E4A702CFE57C1A0CE2CFE00" box="[427,571,478,504]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Ph. andulau</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="93494B324E4A702CFDBEC1A0CEC1FE00" author="Huber B. A." box="[578,726,478,504]" journalOrPublisher="Bonner zoologische Monographien" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="1 - 509" part="58" refId="ref22845" refString="Huber B. A. 2011. Revision and cladistic analysis of Pholcus and closely related taxa (Araneae, Pholcidae). Bonner zoologische Monographien 58: 1 - 509." title="Revision and cladistic analysis of Pholcus and closely related taxa (Araneae, Pholcidae)" type="journal article" year="2011">Huber, 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="30D84D404E4A702CFD1EC1A0C83FFE00" authority="Huber, 2011" authorityName="Huber" authorityYear="2011" box="[738,1064,478,504]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Pholcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chiangdao">
|
||
<emphasis id="C5ACEAD14E4A702CFD1EC1A0CF9AFE00" box="[738,909,478,504]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Ph. chiangdao</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="93494B324E4A702CFC68C1A0C83FFE00" author="Huber B. A." box="[916,1064,478,504]" journalOrPublisher="Bonner zoologische Monographien" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="1 - 509" part="58" refId="ref22845" refString="Huber B. A. 2011. Revision and cladistic analysis of Pholcus and closely related taxa (Araneae, Pholcidae). Bonner zoologische Monographien 58: 1 - 509." title="Revision and cladistic analysis of Pholcus and closely related taxa (Araneae, Pholcidae)" type="journal article" year="2011">Huber, 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="30D84D404E4A702CFBC8C1A0C955FE00" authority="Huber, 2011" authorityName="Huber" authorityYear="2011" box="[1076,1346,478,504]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Pholcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="khene">
|
||
<emphasis id="C5ACEAD14E4A702CFBC8C1A0C8B0FE00" box="[1076,1191,478,504]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Ph. khene</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="93494B324E4A702CFB53C1A0C955FE00" author="Huber B. A." box="[1199,1346,478,504]" journalOrPublisher="Bonner zoologische Monographien" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="1 - 509" part="58" refId="ref22845" refString="Huber B. A. 2011. Revision and cladistic analysis of Pholcus and closely related taxa (Araneae, Pholcidae). Bonner zoologische Monographien 58: 1 - 509." title="Revision and cladistic analysis of Pholcus and closely related taxa (Araneae, Pholcidae)" type="journal article" year="2011">Huber, 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="30D84D404E4A702CFAB3C1A0CDA8FDE5" authority="Huber, 2011" authorityName="Huber" authorityYear="2011" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Pholcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kinabalu">
|
||
<emphasis id="C5ACEAD14E4A702CFAB3C1A0CD33FDE4" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Ph. kinabalu</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="93494B324E4A702CFED7C27CCDA8FDE5" author="Huber B. A." box="[299,447,514,541]" journalOrPublisher="Bonner zoologische Monographien" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="1 - 509" part="58" refId="ref22845" refString="Huber B. A. 2011. Revision and cladistic analysis of Pholcus and closely related taxa (Araneae, Pholcidae). Bonner zoologische Monographien 58: 1 - 509." title="Revision and cladistic analysis of Pholcus and closely related taxa (Araneae, Pholcidae)" type="journal article" year="2011">Huber, 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="30D84D404E4A702CFE01C27CCF11FDE5" authority="Huber, 2011" authorityName="Huber" authorityYear="2011" box="[509,774,514,541]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Pholcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="satun">
|
||
<emphasis id="C5ACEAD14E4A702CFE01C27CCE7BFDE4" box="[509,620,514,540]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Ph. satun</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="93494B324E4A702CFD8FC27CCF11FDE5" author="Huber B. A." box="[627,774,514,541]" journalOrPublisher="Bonner zoologische Monographien" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="1 - 509" part="58" refId="ref22845" refString="Huber B. A. 2011. Revision and cladistic analysis of Pholcus and closely related taxa (Araneae, Pholcidae). Bonner zoologische Monographien 58: 1 - 509." title="Revision and cladistic analysis of Pholcus and closely related taxa (Araneae, Pholcidae)" type="journal article" year="2011">Huber, 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="BFC265484E4A702CFF41C23BCEAFFB08" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="F76736C34E4A702CFF41C23BCD69FDA7" blockId="6.[189,1399,581,980]" box="[189,382,581,607]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<heading id="AC2F81AF4E4A702CFF41C23BCD69FDA7" bold="true" box="[189,382,581,607]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" reason="6">
|
||
<emphasis id="C5ACEAD14E4A702CFF41C23BCD69FDA7" bold="true" box="[189,382,581,607]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Natural history</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F76736C34E4A702CFF41C20ACD1CFC2C" blockId="6.[189,1399,581,980]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
All six species of the core group were observed in the field. At most localities, abundances seemed very low. Surprisingly, several species were partly or exclusively found in degraded forests. All specimens seen during the day were tightly pressed against the undersides of mostly large leaves. Webs consisted mainly of round platforms with a diameter of about
|
||
<quantity id="30209B264E4A702CFCD7C29FCF6FFD03" box="[811,888,737,763]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="cm" value="10.0">10 cm</quantity>
|
||
; most of the platform was closely attached to the leaf surface. Small silk tufts (
|
||
<figureCitation id="6FE32A464E4A702CFD87C37BCEDCFCE7" box="[635,715,773,799]" captionStart="Figs 1 – 8" captionStartId="3.[189,241,1895,1921]" captionTargetBox="[198,1389,620,1852]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[198,1389,620,1853]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figs 1 – 8. Live specimens, Pholcus halabala Huber, 2011 (1 – 6) and Ph. ubin Huber, sp. nov. (7 – 8). 1. ♂ from MacRitchie, Singapore. 2. ♂ from Gunung Jerai, Malaysia. 3. ♀ with egg-sac from Gunung Liang, Malaysia. 4. Juvenile in web with silk tufts, Upper Selatar, Singapore. 5. ♀ with egg-sac from Hala Bala, Thailand. 6. ♀ with egg-sac from Ulu Dong, Malaysia. 7 – 8. ♂ and ♀ from Pulau Ubin, Singapore." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1183673" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1183673/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Figs 4</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="6FE32A464E4A702CFD27C37BCEEEFCD8" box="[731,761,773,800]" captionStart="Figs 9 – 16" captionStartId="4.[189,241,1895,1921]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,601,1858]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[189,1399,601,1859]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figs 9 – 16. Live specimens, Pholcus sabah Huber, 2011 (9 – 10), Ph. lintang Huber, sp. nov. (11 – 12) and Ph. erawan Huber, 2011 (13 – 16). 9. ♂ from Poring, Sabah. 10. ♂ from Sepilok, Sabah. 11 – 12. ♂ and ♀ from Bako, Sarawak. 13. ♂ from Khao Nan, Thailand. 14. Male from Erawan, Thailand. 15 – 16. ♂ and ♀ with egg-sac from Gunung Jerai, Malaysia." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1183675" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1183675/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">16</figureCitation>
|
||
) were observed in some webs of three species (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="30D84D404E4A702CFAB3C37BCD32FCBB" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Pholcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="halabala">
|
||
<emphasis id="C5ACEAD14E4A702CFAB3C37BCD32FCBB" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Ph. halabala</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="30D84D404E4A702CFEC9C357CDABFCBB" box="[309,444,809,835]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Pholcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="erawan">
|
||
<emphasis id="C5ACEAD14E4A702CFEC9C357CDABFCBB" box="[309,444,809,835]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Ph. erawan</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="30D84D404E4A702CFE37C357CE5BFCBB" box="[459,588,809,835]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Pholcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sepaku">
|
||
<emphasis id="C5ACEAD14E4A702CFE37C357CE5BFCBB" box="[459,588,809,835]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Ph. sepaku</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), but may occur in other species as well (very few specimens seen in other species). The same applies to the peculiar position in which egg-sacs are held by females: in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="30D84D404E4A702CFAB3C333CD32FC73" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Pholcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="halabala">
|
||
<emphasis id="C5ACEAD14E4A702CFAB3C333CD32FC73" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Ph. halabala</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="30D84D404E4A702CFEC9C30FCDABFC73" box="[309,444,881,907]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Pholcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="erawan">
|
||
<emphasis id="C5ACEAD14E4A702CFEC9C30FCDABFC73" box="[309,444,881,907]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Ph. erawan</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="30D84D404E4A702CFE0BC30FCE6FFC73" box="[503,632,881,907]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Pholcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sepaku">
|
||
<emphasis id="C5ACEAD14E4A702CFE0BC30FCE6FFC73" box="[503,632,881,907]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Ph. sepaku</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(and possibly in close relatives), the egg-sac is carried under the prosoma rather than in front of it (
|
||
<figureCitation id="6FE32A464E4A702CFDBFC3EBCEDFFC48" box="[579,712,917,944]" captionStart="Figs 1 – 8" captionStartId="3.[189,241,1895,1921]" captionTargetBox="[198,1389,620,1852]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[198,1389,620,1853]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figs 1 – 8. Live specimens, Pholcus halabala Huber, 2011 (1 – 6) and Ph. ubin Huber, sp. nov. (7 – 8). 1. ♂ from MacRitchie, Singapore. 2. ♂ from Gunung Jerai, Malaysia. 3. ♀ with egg-sac from Gunung Liang, Malaysia. 4. Juvenile in web with silk tufts, Upper Selatar, Singapore. 5. ♀ with egg-sac from Hala Bala, Thailand. 6. ♀ with egg-sac from Ulu Dong, Malaysia. 7 – 8. ♂ and ♀ from Pulau Ubin, Singapore." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1183673" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1183673/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Figs 3, 5–6</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="6FE32A464E4A702CFD2FC3EBCEE3FC48" box="[723,756,917,944]" captionStart="Figs 9 – 16" captionStartId="4.[189,241,1895,1921]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,601,1858]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[189,1399,601,1859]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figs 9 – 16. Live specimens, Pholcus sabah Huber, 2011 (9 – 10), Ph. lintang Huber, sp. nov. (11 – 12) and Ph. erawan Huber, 2011 (13 – 16). 9. ♂ from Poring, Sabah. 10. ♂ from Sepilok, Sabah. 11 – 12. ♂ and ♀ from Bako, Sarawak. 13. ♂ from Khao Nan, Thailand. 14. Male from Erawan, Thailand. 15 – 16. ♂ and ♀ with egg-sac from Gunung Jerai, Malaysia." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1183675" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1183675/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">16</figureCitation>
|
||
). For further details, see individual species descriptions below.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F76736C34E4A702CFF41C382CEAFFB08" blockId="6.[189,1399,1020,1264]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
Three of the four species assigned tentatively to the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="30D84D404E4A702CFCEAC382CF69FBEE" box="[790,894,1020,1046]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Pholcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="halabala">
|
||
<emphasis id="C5ACEAD14E4A702CFCEAC382CF69FBEE" box="[790,894,1020,1046]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">halabala</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group based on preliminary molecular data were observed in the field (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="30D84D404E4A702CFDFEC45ECEA3FBC2" box="[514,692,1056,1082]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Pholcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kuhapimuk" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="C5ACEAD14E4A702CFDFEC45ECEA3FBC2" box="[514,692,1056,1082]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Ph. kuhapimuk</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="DE9F57AA4E4A702CFD40C45FCF0CFBC3" box="[700,795,1057,1083]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="30D84D404E4A702CFCD4C45ECFA4FBC2" box="[808,947,1056,1082]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Pholcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="khaolek" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="C5ACEAD14E4A702CFCD4C45ECFA4FBC2" box="[808,947,1056,1082]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Ph. khaolek</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="DE9F57AA4E4A702CFC40C45FC80DFBC3" box="[956,1050,1057,1083]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
; and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="30D84D404E4A702CFBA6C45EC8FAFBC2" box="[1114,1261,1056,1082]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Pholcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sudhami">
|
||
<emphasis id="C5ACEAD14E4A702CFBA6C45EC8FAFBC2" box="[1114,1261,1056,1082]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Ph. sudhami</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), and these were mostly found on rocks at cave entrances, with the body flat on the rock surface. Only
|
||
<taxonomicName id="30D84D404E4A702CFB18C43AC961FBA6" box="[1252,1398,1092,1118]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Pholcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sudhami">
|
||
<emphasis id="C5ACEAD14E4A702CFB18C43AC961FBA6" box="[1252,1398,1092,1118]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Ph. sudhami</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
at
|
||
<taxonomicName id="30D84D404E4A702CFF27C417CD22FB7B" box="[219,309,1129,1155]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Pholcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="6" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="erawan">Erawan</taxonomicName>
|
||
was mostly found on exposed tree roots at the riverside. Webs were either barely visible (a few threads close to the rock surface) or consisted of very delicate small domed sheets attached to the rock (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="30D84D404E4A702CFEFEC4CFCD9CFB33" box="[258,395,1201,1227]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Pholcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="khaolek" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="C5ACEAD14E4A702CFEFEC4CFCD9CFB33" box="[258,395,1201,1227]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Ph. khaolek</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="DE9F57AA4E4A702CFE6EC4CFCDE7FB33" box="[402,496,1201,1227]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
). Silk tufts were not seen in any of these webs. Egg-sacs were carried in front of the body as in typical pholcids (
|
||
<figureCitation id="6FE32A464E4A702CFDAEC4ABCEBDFB08" box="[594,682,1237,1264]" captionStart="Figs 49 – 56" captionStartId="17.[189,241,1895,1921]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,707,1854]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[189,1398,707,1854]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Figs 49 – 56. Live specimens, Pholcus kuhapimuk Huber, sp. nov. (49 – 51), Ph. khaolek Huber, sp. nov. (52 – 53), and Ph. sudhami Huber, 2011 (54 – 56). 49 – 51. ♂, penultimate instar ♂, and ♀ with egg-sac from Wat Kuhapimuk, Thailand. 52 – 53. ♀ with spiderlings and ♂ from Khao Lek, Thailand. 54 – 55. ♂ from Tham Phraya Nakhon, Thailand. 56. ♂ from Erawan, Thailand." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1183687" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1183687/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fig. 51</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="BFC265484E4A702CFF41C569CDFDFA7E" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="F76736C34E4A702CFF41C569CD41FAC9" blockId="6.[189,342,1303,1329]" box="[189,342,1303,1329]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<heading id="AC2F81AF4E4A702CFF41C569CD41FAC9" bold="true" box="[189,342,1303,1329]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" reason="2">
|
||
<emphasis id="C5ACEAD14E4A702CFF41C569CD41FAC9" bold="true" box="[189,342,1303,1329]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Distribution</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F76736C34E4A702CFF41C539CDFDFA7E" blockId="6.[189,1399,1351,1414]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
The
|
||
<taxonomicName id="30D84D404E4A702CFF0FC539CD9CFA99" box="[243,395,1351,1377]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Pholcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="halabala">
|
||
<emphasis id="C5ACEAD14E4A702CFF0FC539CD9CFA99" box="[243,395,1351,1377]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Ph. halabala</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group is restricted to Southeast Asia, from Myanmar and southern China to Sumatra and Borneo (
|
||
<figureCitation id="6FE32A464E4A702CFEA9C515CDB8FA7D" box="[341,431,1387,1413]" captionStart="Fig. 17" captionStartId="5.[189,232,2000,2026]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,895,1959]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[189,1399,895,1959]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 17. Known distribution of the core group of the Pholcus halabala species group." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1183677" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1183677/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Figs 17</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="6FE32A464E4A702CFE40C515CDCAFA7E" box="[444,477,1387,1414]" captionStart="Fig. 57" captionStartId="18.[189,232,2000,2026]" captionTargetBox="[198,1389,920,1959]" captionTargetId="figure@18.[198,1389,920,1959]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="Fig. 57. Known distributions of species tentatively assigned to the Pholcus halabala species group." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1183689" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1183689/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">57</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |