656 lines
101 KiB
XML
656 lines
101 KiB
XML
<document id="17EEA48AA7125C31139C01BA7631F9A4" ID-CLB-Dataset="5861" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4985.2.7" ID-GBIF-Dataset="f803b392-deaa-4f64-a46d-0ad5ada9ee5d" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4943527" ID-ZooBank="422F6D31-D243-4051-82E6-6880F7090FD3" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1623660438262" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Martins, Luciana & Tavares, Marcos" docDate="2021" docId="496787AAFFF2FF93B691F8FD77985693" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4985.2.7.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4985 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Parathyone itapuaensis Martins & Tavares 2021, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="250" masterDocId="B55EFFD2FFF3FF96B606FFAB7626505C" masterDocTitle="A new species of Parathyone (Holothuroidea: Dendrochirotida: Cucumariidae) from northeastern Brazil, with a key to species" masterLastPageNumber="252" masterPageNumber="245" pageNumber="246" updateTime="1699014149322" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:titleInfo id="C03738272805292623373C70727F03BF">
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<mods:title id="5ED7BF823CB994124B5595197C6EE424">A new species of Parathyone (Holothuroidea: Dendrochirotida: Cucumariidae) from northeastern Brazil, with a key to species</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="1A39A64FB1D4ADC0BD303948E5FC1361" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="5BCAFD597F314F4F538E38B1815B83E5">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="5852AE143E08B8031E772A13F0E3ECC9">Martins, Luciana</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="0559D7DE0D14CD66A4FB5A0E03687B04" type="ORCID">0000-0002-8107-3265</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="515910C2164DEA298844D579DDEB7CDA">Museu de Zoologia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo-SP, 04263 - 000, Brazil. & https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 8107 - 3265</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:roleTerm id="72D068F1C84F35259BCECC52A65160DF">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="665B3101CACB7FFED48356646A97D0E8">Tavares, Marcos</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="C84EDDE6251EBFE862BC3FAFA17A298F" type="ORCID">0000-0002-7186-5787</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="9F8C40719A6687264FAC735D6603BCCE">Museu de Zoologia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo-SP, 04263 - 000, Brazil. & https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 7186 - 5787</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="E7CE3520DE7AF31637872B8D48F993DE">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="E0C9AD718A8CBA26B63E48C6765F69A7">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="12B9F3A1D79CD3FF1F317051E941833F">
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<mods:date id="2212122BA38CDEE6D9903218737C7115">2021</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="776B895DF4EDF604B46EBCDE3F726324">2021-06-14</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="2FC3DFB1114B42CA0CBB137EDB66E7CC">4985</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="820BA0B27F449FB4BE92F314C802DCC2" type="issue">
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<mods:identifier id="8996CA4A36C34E3391CEF583E2B6B83A" type="CLB-Dataset">5861</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="C9A4537447652CCDD61AB0C1C69E5BE4" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4985.2.7</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="496787AAFFF2FF93B691F8FD77985693" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5056432" ID-GBIF-Taxon="183232129" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5056432" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:496787AAFFF2FF93B691F8FD77985693" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/496787AAFFF2FF93B691F8FD77985693" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="250" pageId="1" pageNumber="246">
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<subSubSection id="89D46537FFF2FF97B691F8FD743E572D" box="[151,536,1878,1905]" pageId="1" pageNumber="246" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="C17136BCFFF2FF97B691F8FD743E572D" blockId="1.[151,536,1878,1941]" box="[151,536,1878,1905]" pageId="1" pageNumber="246">
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<heading id="9A3981D0FFF2FF97B691F8FD743E572D" bold="true" box="[151,536,1878,1905]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="246" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="F3BAEAAEFFF2FF97B691F8FD743E572D" bold="true" box="[151,536,1878,1905]" pageId="1" pageNumber="246">
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<taxonomicName id="06CE4D3FFFF2FF97B691F8FD7792572D" authority="Martins & Tavares, 2021" authorityName="Martins & Tavares" authorityYear="2021" box="[151,436,1878,1905]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Cucumariidae" genus="Parathyone" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="1" pageNumber="246" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="itapuaensis" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="F3BAEAAEFFF2FF97B691F8FD7792572D" bold="true" box="[151,436,1878,1905]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="246">Parathyone itapuaensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="E88957D5FFF2FF97B7BDF8FC743E572D" box="[443,536,1879,1905]" pageId="1" pageNumber="246" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="89D46537FFF2FF97B691F8D0770957C9" box="[151,303,1915,1941]" pageId="1" pageNumber="246" type="description">
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<paragraph id="C17136BCFFF2FF97B691F8D0770957C9" blockId="1.[151,536,1878,1941]" box="[151,303,1915,1941]" pageId="1" pageNumber="246">
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(
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<figureCitation id="59F52A39FFF2FF97B699F8D0770057C9" box="[159,294,1915,1941]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 1" captionStart-1="FIGURE 2" captionStart-2="FIGURE 3" captionStart-3="FIGURE 4" captionStartId-0="2.[151,250,1425,1449]" captionStartId-1="3.[151,250,1649,1673]" captionStartId-2="4.[151,250,1753,1777]" captionStartId-3="5.[151,250,1429,1453]" captionTargetBox-0="[151,1436,344,1401]" captionTargetBox-1="[151,1436,957,1625]" captionTargetBox-2="[151,1436,273,1729]" captionTargetBox-3="[151,1437,669,1406]" captionTargetId-0="figure-103@2.[151,1436,344,1401]" captionTargetId-1="figure-363@3.[151,1436,957,1625]" captionTargetId-2="figure-76@4.[151,1436,273,1729]" captionTargetId-3="figure-248@5.[151,1437,669,1406]" captionTargetPageId-0="2" captionTargetPageId-1="3" captionTargetPageId-2="4" captionTargetPageId-3="5" captionText-0="FIGURE 1. Parathyone itapuaensis sp. nov., holotype MZUSP 2089. (a) specimen in dorsal view; (b) detail of the tentaclesand mouth in frontal view; (c) anal papillae (white arrow); (d) Polian vesicle (yellow arrow), longitudinal muscle (white arrow), stomach (green arrow) and calcareous ring (red arrow); (e) longitudinal muscle split anteriorly; (f) attachment of the longitudinal muscle at the anterior processes of the calcareous ring; (g) rm: retractor muscle, madreporite (red arrow) and stone canal (yellow arrow); (h) Polian vesicle (yellow arrow) and (i) photograph of the calcareous ring in outer view (rma: retractor muscle attachment, lma: longitudinal muscle attachment." captionText-1="FIGURE 2. Parathyone itapuaensis sp. nov. (Holotype-MZUSP 2089) μct volume rendering of calcareous ring: (a–d) outer view; (e) inner view and (f) top region. Unlabeled arrows in (e) point to groove for water vascular system canals. Abbreviations: AB, aquapharyngeal bulb attachment; IR, interradial plate; LMA, longitudinal muscle attachment; midIR, mid-dorsal interradial plate; midR, mid-ventral radial plate; R, radial plate; RMA, retractor muscle attachment. Plate identity following Ludwig (1889–1892)." captionText-2="FIGURE 3. Parathyone itapuaensis sp. nov., holotype-MZUSP 2089. (a–l) SEM images.(a–b) ontogenetic variation in knobbed buttons from the body wall; (c) four-holed cups from the body wall in inner and outer view from left to right, respectively; (d) multilocular cups from body wall in inner and outer view from left to right, respectively; (e) knobbed plates from body wall; (f) knobbed cups from tentacles; (g–j) rods from tentacles; (k) supporting rods and (l) end plate from tube feet." captionText-3="FIGURE 4. Morphological comparisons between (a–c) knobbed buttons from Parathyone itapuaensis sp. nov., holotype (MZUSP 2089) and (d–f) Parathyone surinamensis (USNM E27248)." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4943529" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4943533" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4943535" figureDoi-3="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4943537" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/4943529/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/4943533/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/4943535/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/4943537/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="246">Figures 1–4</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="89D46537FFF2FF95B691F868735F5139" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="248" pageId="1" pageNumber="246" type="materials_examined">
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<emphasis id="F3BAEAAEFFF2FF97B691F86877635780" bold="true" box="[151,325,1986,2013]" pageId="1" pageNumber="246">Type material.</emphasis>
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<typeStatus id="1E75881EFFF2FF97B74AF86877955781" box="[332,435,1987,2013]" pageId="1" pageNumber="246" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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:
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(
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;
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beach, Salvador,
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, L.R.
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</materialsCitation>
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coll.,
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<collectingDate id="A534E994FFF1FF94B737FF3D778F50EC" box="[305,425,150,176]" pageId="2" pageNumber="247" value="2011-04-21">21.iv.2011</collectingDate>
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, intertidal, found burrowed into soft sediments, underneath rocks.
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<typeStatus id="1E75881EFFF1FF94B283FF3C72D150EC" box="[1157,1271,151,176]" pageId="2" pageNumber="247" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
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:
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(
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), same data as holotype.
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(
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,
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,
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,
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.
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(
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<specimenCode id="91689EC7FFF1FF94B7A1FF75746C50A4" box="[423,586,222,248]" collectionCode="MZUSP" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/6yx0-3nm7" name="Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="2" pageNumber="247">MZUSP 2103</specimenCode>
|
||
),
|
||
<location id="C4116067FFF1FF94B458FF7574E650A4" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:496787AAFFF2FF93B691F8FD77985693:C4116067FFF1FF94B458FF7574E650A4" box="[606,704,222,248]" country="Brazil" name="Ubatuba" pageId="2" pageNumber="247" stateProvince="Sao Paulo">Ubatuba</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="030AF85EFFF1FF94B4CAFF75756750A4" box="[716,833,222,248]" country="Brazil" name="Sao Paulo" pageId="2" pageNumber="247">São Paulo</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="B9D9762CFFF1FF94B54BFF7575B350A4" box="[845,917,222,248]" name="Brazil" pageId="2" pageNumber="247">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="71A63CE1FFF1FF94B5A6FF7574E65140" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3312840306" collectionCode="MZUSP" country="Brazil" latitude="-12.95" location="Itapua" longLatPrecision="1291" longitude="-38.35" pageId="2" pageNumber="247" specimenCode="MZUSP 2756" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Bahia" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
5specs
|
||
<quantity id="06369B59FFF1FF94B5F5FF75724B50A5" box="[1011,1133,222,249]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.75" metricValueMax="2.5" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="247" unit="mm" value="17.5" valueMax="25.0" valueMin="10.0">10–25 mm</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<specimenCode id="91689EC7FFF1FF94B27AFF75733850A5" box="[1148,1310,222,249]" collectionCode="MZUSP" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/6yx0-3nm7" name="Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="2" pageNumber="247">MZUSP 2756</specimenCode>
|
||
),
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="A4FA507BFFF1FF94B334FF7573B150A4" box="[1330,1431,222,249]" degrees="12" direction="south" minutes="57" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="247" precision="925" value="-12.95">12°57’ S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
;
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="A4FA507BFFF1FF94B691FEA977205141" box="[151,262,258,285]" degrees="38" direction="west" minutes="21" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="247" precision="925" value="-38.35">38°21’ W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="C4116067FFF1FF94B715FEA8777F5141" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:496787AAFFF2FF93B691F8FD77985693:C4116067FFF1FF94B715FEA8777F5141" box="[275,345,259,285]" country="Brazil" latitude="-12.95" longLatPrecision="1291" longitude="-38.35" name="Itapua" pageId="2" pageNumber="247" stateProvince="Bahia">Itapuã</location>
|
||
beach, Salvador,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="030AF85EFFF1FF94B421FEA9744D5140" box="[551,619,258,284]" country="Brazil" name="Bahia" pageId="2" pageNumber="247">Bahia</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="B9D9762CFFF1FF94B47EFEA974E65140" box="[632,704,258,284]" name="Brazil" pageId="2" pageNumber="247">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="71A63CE1FFF1FF94B4CBFEA977C8511C" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3312840301" collectionCode="MZUSP" country="Brazil" latitude="-12.95" location="Itapua" longLatPrecision="1291" longitude="-38.35" pageId="2" pageNumber="247" specimenCode="MZUSP 2756" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Bahia" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
5specs
|
||
<quantity id="06369B59FFF1FF94B527FEA975BA5141" box="[801,924,258,285]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.75" metricValueMax="2.5" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="247" unit="mm" value="17.5" valueMax="25.0" valueMin="10.0">10–25 mm</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<specimenCode id="91689EC7FFF1FF94B5ABFEA972765141" box="[941,1104,258,285]" collectionCode="MZUSP" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/6yx0-3nm7" name="Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="2" pageNumber="247">MZUSP 2756</specimenCode>
|
||
),
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="A4FA507BFFF1FF94B260FEA972EA5140" box="[1126,1228,258,285]" degrees="12" direction="south" minutes="57" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="247" precision="925" value="-12.95">12°57’ S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
;
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="A4FA507BFFF1FF94B2DDFEA9736F5141" box="[1243,1353,258,285]" degrees="38" direction="west" minutes="21" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="247" precision="925" value="-38.35">38°21’ W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="C4116067FFF1FF94B350FEA873BA5141" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:496787AAFFF2FF93B691F8FD77985693:C4116067FFF1FF94B350FEA873BA5141" box="[1366,1436,259,285]" country="Brazil" latitude="-12.95" longLatPrecision="1291" longitude="-38.35" name="Itapua" pageId="2" pageNumber="247" stateProvince="Bahia">Itapuã</location>
|
||
beach, Salvador,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="030AF85EFFF1FF94B751FE8D77BD511C" box="[343,411,294,320]" country="Brazil" name="Bahia" pageId="2" pageNumber="247">Bahia</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="B9D9762CFFF1FF94B7A0FE8D77C8511C" box="[422,494,294,320]" name="Brazil" pageId="2" pageNumber="247">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="95B16634FFF1FF94B691FA3A74695601" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4943529" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4943529" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4943529/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="247" startId="2.[151,250,1425,1449]" targetBox="[151,1436,344,1401]" targetPageId="2">
|
||
<paragraph id="C17136BCFFF1FF94B691FA3A74695601" blockId="2.[151,1436,1425,1629]" pageId="2" pageNumber="247">
|
||
<emphasis id="F3BAEAAEFFF1FF94B691FA3A773555F5" bold="true" box="[151,275,1425,1449]" pageId="2" pageNumber="247">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="06CE4D3FFFF1FF94B71EFA3A742155F5" authority="Martins & Tavares, 2021" authorityName="Martins & Tavares" authorityYear="2021" box="[280,519,1425,1449]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Cucumariidae" genus="Parathyone" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="2" pageNumber="247" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="itapuaensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="F3BAEAAEFFF1FF94B71EFA3A742155F5" box="[280,519,1425,1449]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="247">Parathyone itapuaensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="E88957D5FFF1FF94B40BFA39747B55F5" box="[525,605,1426,1449]" pageId="2" pageNumber="247" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, holotype MZUSP 2089. (a) specimen in dorsal view; (b) detail of the tentaclesand mouth in frontal view; (c) anal papillae (white arrow); (d) Polian vesicle (yellow arrow), longitudinal muscle (white arrow), stomach (green arrow) and calcareous ring (red arrow); (e) longitudinal muscle split anteriorly; (f) attachment of the longitudinal muscle at the anterior processes of the calcareous ring; (g) rm: retractor muscle, madreporite (red arrow) and stone canal (yellow arrow); (h) Polian vesicle (yellow arrow) and (i) photograph of the calcareous ring in outer view (rma: retractor muscle attachment, lma: longitudinal muscle attachment.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="C17136BCFFF1FF95B6C1F920735F5139" blockId="2.[151,1437,1675,2026]" lastBlockId="3.[151,1437,151,933]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="248" pageId="2" pageNumber="247">
|
||
<emphasis id="F3BAEAAEFFF1FF94B6C1F920747556F9" bold="true" box="[199,595,1675,1701]" pageId="2" pageNumber="247">Comparative material examined.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="06CE4D3FFFF1FF94B45DF920758156FA" authority="(Theel, 1886)" baseAuthorityName="Theel" baseAuthorityYear="1886" box="[603,935,1675,1702]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Cucumariidae" genus="Aslia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="2" pageNumber="247" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="pygmaea">
|
||
<emphasis id="F3BAEAAEFFF1FF94B45DF920752256FA" bold="true" box="[603,772,1675,1702]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="247">Aslia pygmaea</emphasis>
|
||
(Théel, 1886)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, 2 specs
|
||
<quantity id="06369B59FFF1FF94B208F92072A156FA" box="[1038,1159,1675,1702]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" metricValueMax="7.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="247" unit="mm" value="60.0" valueMax="70.0" valueMin="50.0">50–70 mm</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="A7DFAE79FFF1FF94B290F92772CF56FA" box="[1174,1257,1676,1702]" pageId="2" pageNumber="247">CASIZ</collectionCode>
|
||
117956) [originally labeled as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="06CE4D3FFFF1FF94B748F91B742B5695" authorityName="Semper" authorityYear="1867" box="[334,525,1712,1738]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Cucumariidae" genus="Ocnus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="2" pageNumber="247" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="pygmaeus">
|
||
<emphasis id="F3BAEAAEFFF1FF94B748F91B742B5695" box="[334,525,1712,1738]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="247">Ocnus pygmaeus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
],
|
||
<date id="B570107CFFF1FF94B423F90474895695" box="[549,687,1711,1737]" pageId="2" pageNumber="247" value="1977-08-13">13.viii.1977</date>
|
||
, intertidal,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="B9D9762CFFF1FF94B528F90475835695" box="[814,933,1711,1737]" name="Venezuela" pageId="2" pageNumber="247">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
<specimenCount id="D7C8FD35FFF1FF94B5A9F91B75D15696" box="[943,1015,1712,1738]" pageId="2" pageNumber="247" type="generic">1 spec</specimenCount>
|
||
<quantity id="06369B59FFF1FF94B5F8F90472685696" box="[1022,1102,1711,1738]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="247" unit="mm" value="50.0">50 mm</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="A7DFAE79FFF1FF94B25AF91B72895696" box="[1116,1199,1712,1738]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="2" pageNumber="247" type="Museum">USNM</collectionCode>
|
||
E 30519) [originally labeled as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="06CE4D3FFFF1FF94B715F97F77F356B1" authorityName="Semper" authorityYear="1867" box="[275,469,1748,1774]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Cucumariidae" genus="Ocnus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="2" pageNumber="247" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="pygmaeus">
|
||
<emphasis id="F3BAEAAEFFF1FF94B715F97F77F356B1" box="[275,469,1748,1774]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="247">Ocnus pygmaeus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
],
|
||
<date id="B570107CFFF1FF94B7E9F978744E56B1" box="[495,616,1747,1773]" pageId="2" pageNumber="247" value="1981-04-29">29.iv.1981</date>
|
||
, 27m,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="B9D9762CFFF1FF94B4BFF978753056B1" box="[697,790,1747,1773]" name="Georgia" pageId="2" pageNumber="247">Georgia</collectingCountry>
|
||
, EUA.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="06CE4D3FFFF1FF94B568F978731656B2" authority="(Verrill, 1868)" baseAuthorityName="Verrill" baseAuthorityYear="1868" box="[878,1328,1747,1774]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Cucumariidae" genus="Parathyone" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="2" pageNumber="247" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="braziliensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="F3BAEAAEFFF1FF94B568F97872A756B2" bold="true" box="[878,1153,1747,1774]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="247">Parathyone braziliensis</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A55F4B4DFFF1FF94B294F978730156B2" author="Verrill, A. E." box="[1170,1319,1747,1774]" pageId="2" pageNumber="247" pagination="247 - 613" refId="ref5540" refString="Verrill, A. E. (1868) Notes on the Radiata in the Museum of Yale College, with descriptions of new genera and species, 4. Notice of the corals and Echinoderms collected by Prof. C. F. Hartt, at the Abrolhos Reefs, Province of Bahia, Brazil, 1867. Transactions of the Connecticut Academy of Arts and Science, 1, 247 - 613. https: // doi. org / 10.1086 / 270248" type="journal article" year="1868">Verrill, 1868</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, Praia da Figueira, São Sebastião,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="030AF85EFFF1FF94B7A8F9537404574D" box="[430,546,1783,1810]" country="Brazil" name="Sao Paulo" pageId="2" pageNumber="247">São Paulo</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="B9D9762CFFF1FF94B42BF95C7450574D" box="[557,630,1783,1809]" name="Brazil" pageId="2" pageNumber="247">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<specimenCount id="D7C8FD35FFF1FF94B486F95374E1574E" box="[640,711,1784,1810]" pageId="2" pageNumber="247" type="generic">1 spec</specimenCount>
|
||
<quantity id="06369B59FFF1FF94B4C8F9537538574E" box="[718,798,1784,1810]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="247" unit="mm" value="70.0">70 mm</quantity>
|
||
long (
|
||
<collectionCode id="A7DFAE79FFF1FF94B563F95375E5574E" box="[869,963,1784,1810]" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/6yx0-3nm7" name="Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="2" pageNumber="247">MZUSP</collectionCode>
|
||
1095), coll
|
||
<date id="B570107CFFF1FF94B24DF953732D574E" box="[1099,1291,1783,1810]" pageId="2" pageNumber="247" value="1997-10-14">14 October 1997</date>
|
||
. Ilha de Boipeba,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="030AF85EFFF1FF94B6DAF8B077065769" box="[220,288,1819,1845]" country="Brazil" name="Bahia" pageId="2" pageNumber="247">Bahia</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="B9D9762CFFF1FF94B72AF8B077535769" box="[300,373,1819,1845]" name="Brazil" pageId="2" pageNumber="247">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<specimenCount id="D7C8FD35FFF1FF94B787F8B777EC576A" box="[385,458,1820,1846]" pageId="2" pageNumber="247" type="generic">1 spec</specimenCount>
|
||
<quantity id="06369B59FFF1FF94B7D4F8B77404576A" box="[466,546,1820,1846]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="247" unit="mm" value="40.0">40 mm</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="A7DFAE79FFF1FF94B434F8B774B6576A" box="[562,656,1820,1846]" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/6yx0-3nm7" name="Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="2" pageNumber="247">MZUSP</collectionCode>
|
||
1207), coll
|
||
<date id="B570107CFFF1FF94B51AF8B7759E576A" box="[796,952,1819,1846]" pageId="2" pageNumber="247" value="2015-06-22">22 June 2015</date>
|
||
. Prado,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="030AF85EFFF1FF94B213F8B0727F5769" box="[1045,1113,1819,1845]" country="Brazil" name="Bahia" pageId="2" pageNumber="247">Bahia</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="B9D9762CFFF1FF94B263F8B072885769" box="[1125,1198,1819,1845]" name="Brazil" pageId="2" pageNumber="247">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<specimenCount id="D7C8FD35FFF1FF94B2BCF8B7732C576A" box="[1210,1290,1820,1846]" pageId="2" pageNumber="247" type="generic">1 spec.</specimenCount>
|
||
<quantity id="06369B59FFF1FF94B314F8B77344576A" box="[1298,1378,1820,1846]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="247" unit="mm" value="40.0">40 mm</quantity>
|
||
long (
|
||
<collectionCode id="A7DFAE79FFF1FF94B699F8EB76DB5706" box="[159,253,1856,1882]" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/6yx0-3nm7" name="Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="2" pageNumber="247">MZUSP</collectionCode>
|
||
1147), coll
|
||
<date id="B570107CFFF1FF94B785F8EB741B5706" box="[387,573,1855,1882]" pageId="2" pageNumber="247" value="2015-01-10">10 January 2015</date>
|
||
.Itapuã beach,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="B9D9762CFFF1FF94B4E6F89475635705" box="[736,837,1855,1881]" name="El Salvador" pageId="2" pageNumber="247">Salvador</collectingCountry>
|
||
, BA,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="B9D9762CFFF1FF94B583F89475EA5705" box="[901,972,1855,1881]" name="Brazil" pageId="2" pageNumber="247">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
, (
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="A4FA507BFFF1FF94B5E6F89472625706" box="[992,1092,1855,1882]" degrees="12" direction="south" minutes="57" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="247" precision="925" value="-12.95">12°57’ S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
;
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="A4FA507BFFF1FF94B257F8EB72E65706" box="[1105,1216,1856,1882]" degrees="38" direction="west" minutes="21" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="247" precision="925" value="-38.35">38°21’ W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
), intertidal:
|
||
<specimenCount id="D7C8FD35FFF1FF94B341F8EB73BA5706" box="[1351,1436,1856,1882]" pageId="2" pageNumber="247" type="generic">72 spec</specimenCount>
|
||
<quantity id="06369B59FFF1FF94B691F8C877365722" box="[151,272,1891,1918]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="247" unit="mm" value="35.0" valueMax="60.0" valueMin="10.0">10–60 mm</quantity>
|
||
long (
|
||
<collectionCode id="A7DFAE79FFF1FF94B75EF8CF77855722" box="[344,419,1892,1918]" pageId="2" pageNumber="247">UFBA</collectionCode>
|
||
0180), coll
|
||
<date id="B570107CFFF1FF94B42DF8CF75215721" box="[555,775,1891,1918]" pageId="2" pageNumber="247" value="2006-11-03">03 November 2006</date>
|
||
. Itapuã beach,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="B9D9762CFFF1FF94B5A8F8C872355721" box="[942,1043,1891,1917]" name="El Salvador" pageId="2" pageNumber="247">Salvador</collectingCountry>
|
||
, BA,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="B9D9762CFFF1FF94B252F8C872BD5721" box="[1108,1179,1891,1917]" name="Brazil" pageId="2" pageNumber="247">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
, (
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="A4FA507BFFF1FF94B2A9F8C873325722" box="[1199,1300,1891,1918]" degrees="12" direction="south" minutes="57" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="247" precision="925" value="-12.95">12°57’ S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
;
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="A4FA507BFFF1FF94B326F8CF73A95722" box="[1312,1423,1892,1918]" degrees="38" direction="west" minutes="21" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="247" precision="925" value="-38.35">38°21’ W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
), intertidal,
|
||
<specimenCount id="D7C8FD35FFF1FF94B70AF823777257FE" box="[268,340,1928,1954]" pageId="2" pageNumber="247" type="generic">1 spec</specimenCount>
|
||
<quantity id="06369B59FFF1FF94B75AF82C778B57FE" box="[348,429,1927,1954]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="2" pageNumber="247" unit="mm" value="35.0">35 mm</quantity>
|
||
long (
|
||
<collectionCode id="A7DFAE79FFF1FF94B7F0F823747257FE" box="[502,596,1928,1954]" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/6yx0-3nm7" name="Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="2" pageNumber="247">MZUSP</collectionCode>
|
||
1354), coll
|
||
<date id="B570107CFFF1FF94B4E6F82C75A457FD" box="[736,898,1927,1954]" pageId="2" pageNumber="247" value="2006-04-05">05 April 2006</date>
|
||
. Itapuã beach,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="B9D9762CFFF1FF94B22BF82C72B457FD" box="[1069,1170,1927,1953]" name="El Salvador" pageId="2" pageNumber="247">Salvador</collectingCountry>
|
||
, BA,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="B9D9762CFFF1FF94B2D3F82C733A57FD" box="[1237,1308,1927,1953]" name="Brazil" pageId="2" pageNumber="247">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
, (
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="A4FA507BFFF1FF94B337F82C73B157FE" box="[1329,1431,1927,1954]" degrees="12" direction="south" minutes="57" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="247" precision="925" value="-12.95">12°57’ S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
;
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="A4FA507BFFF1FF94B691F8077721579A" box="[151,263,1964,1990]" degrees="38" direction="west" minutes="21" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="247" precision="925" value="-38.35">38°21’ W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
), intertidal,
|
||
<specimenCount id="D7C8FD35FFF1FF94B797F80777C1579A" box="[401,487,1964,1990]" pageId="2" pageNumber="247" type="generic">24 spec</specimenCount>
|
||
<quantity id="06369B59FFF1FF94B7E9F800744F579A" box="[495,617,1963,1990]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.25" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="2" pageNumber="247" unit="mm" value="32.5" valueMax="50.0" valueMin="15.0">15–50 mm</quantity>
|
||
long (
|
||
<collectionCode id="A7DFAE79FFF1FF94B4B5F8077537579A" box="[691,785,1964,1990]" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/6yx0-3nm7" name="Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="2" pageNumber="247">MZUSP</collectionCode>
|
||
1143), coll
|
||
<date id="B570107CFFF1FF94B59DF807727E579A" box="[923,1112,1963,1990]" pageId="2" pageNumber="247" value="2015-01-31">31 January 2015</date>
|
||
.Itapuã beach,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="B9D9762CFFF1FF94B2FBF80073445799" box="[1277,1378,1963,1989]" name="El Salvador" pageId="2" pageNumber="247">Salvador</collectingCountry>
|
||
, BA,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="B9D9762CFFF1FF94B691F86476FD57B5" box="[151,219,1999,2025]" name="Brazil" pageId="2" pageNumber="247">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="A4FA507BFFF1FF94B6ECF864776B57B6" box="[234,333,1999,2026]" degrees="12" direction="south" minutes="57" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="247" precision="925" value="-12.95">12°57’ S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
;
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="A4FA507BFFF1FF94B75EF87B77E157B6" box="[344,455,2000,2026]" degrees="38" direction="west" minutes="21" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="247" precision="925" value="-38.35">38°21’ W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
): intertidal,
|
||
<specimenCount id="D7C8FD35FFF1FF94B44DF87B74B757B6" box="[587,657,2000,2026]" pageId="2" pageNumber="247" type="generic">3 spec</specimenCount>
|
||
<quantity id="06369B59FFF1FF94B490F864752857B6" box="[662,782,1999,2026]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.75" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="3.5" pageId="2" pageNumber="247" unit="mm" value="37.5" valueMax="40.0" valueMin="35.0">35–40 mm</quantity>
|
||
long (
|
||
<collectionCode id="A7DFAE79FFF1FF94B554F87B759657B6" box="[850,944,2000,2026]" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/6yx0-3nm7" name="Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="2" pageNumber="247">MZUSP</collectionCode>
|
||
1383), coll
|
||
<date id="B570107CFFF1FF94B232F86472F457B6" box="[1076,1234,1999,2026]" pageId="2" pageNumber="247" value="2008-04-05">05 April 2008</date>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectingRegion id="030AF85EFFF1FF94B2DFF864731E57B5" box="[1241,1336,1999,2025]" country="Brazil" name="Alagoas" pageId="2" pageNumber="247">Alagoas</collectingRegion>
|
||
, Maceio,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="B9D9762CFFF0FF95B691FF3C76FD50ED" box="[151,219,151,177]" name="Brazil" pageId="3" pageNumber="248">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
<specimenCount id="D7C8FD35FFF0FF95B6E4FF3C770E50ED" box="[226,296,151,177]" pageId="3" pageNumber="248" type="generic">1 spec</specimenCount>
|
||
<quantity id="06369B59FFF0FF95B728FF3C775B50ED" box="[302,381,151,177]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="248" unit="mm" value="30.0">30 mm</quantity>
|
||
long (
|
||
<collectionCode id="A7DFAE79FFF0FF95B7C4FF3C740650ED" box="[450,544,151,177]" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/6yx0-3nm7" name="Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="3" pageNumber="248">MZUSP</collectionCode>
|
||
1100), coll
|
||
<date id="B570107CFFF0FF95B4A3FF3C751F50ED" box="[677,825,151,177]" pageId="3" pageNumber="248" value="2011-05-31">31 May 2011</date>
|
||
.Passo do Camaragibe,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="030AF85EFFF0FF95B23CFF3C72BF50ED" box="[1082,1177,151,177]" country="Brazil" name="Alagoas" pageId="3" pageNumber="248">Alagoas</collectingRegion>
|
||
, Maceio,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="B9D9762CFFF0FF95B302FF3C736A50ED" box="[1284,1356,151,177]" name="Brazil" pageId="3" pageNumber="248">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
<specimenCount id="D7C8FD35FFF0FF95B350FF3C73BA50ED" box="[1366,1436,151,177]" pageId="3" pageNumber="248" type="generic">3 spec</specimenCount>
|
||
<quantity id="06369B59FFF0FF95B691FF1177365089" box="[151,272,186,213]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.75" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="2.5" pageId="3" pageNumber="248" unit="mm" value="27.5" valueMax="30.0" valueMin="25.0">25–30 mm</quantity>
|
||
long (
|
||
<collectionCode id="A7DFAE79FFF0FF95B750FF1077925089" box="[342,436,187,213]" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/6yx0-3nm7" name="Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="3" pageNumber="248">MZUSP</collectionCode>
|
||
1094), coll
|
||
<date id="B570107CFFF0FF95B43DFF1074D35089" box="[571,757,187,213]" pageId="3" pageNumber="248" value="2011-01-11">11 January 2011</date>
|
||
. MNHN-IE-2005 1237, 1238, 1239 [Slides of body wall and tentacles].
|
||
<taxonomicName id="06CE4D3FFFF0FF95B716FF7574CA50A6" authority="(Semper, 1867)" baseAuthorityName="Semper" baseAuthorityYear="1867" box="[272,748,222,250]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Cucumariidae" genus="Parathyone" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="3" pageNumber="248" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="surinamensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="F3BAEAAEFFF0FF95B716FF75741150A5" bold="true" box="[272,567,222,249]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="248">Parathyone surinamensis</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A55F4B4DFFF0FF95B443FF7474C350A6" author="Semper, C." box="[581,741,223,250]" pageId="3" pageNumber="248" refId="ref5409" refString="Semper, C. (1867) Reisen im Archipel der Philippinen. Zweiter Theil. Wissenschaftliche Resultate. Erster Band. W. Engelmann, Leipzig, iv + 288 pp., 40 pls." type="book" year="1867">Semper, 1867</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="D7C8FD35FFF0FF95B4FEFF74751950A5" box="[760,831,223,249]" pageId="3" pageNumber="248" type="generic">1 spec</specimenCount>
|
||
<quantity id="06369B59FFF0FF95B543FF7475B250A5" box="[837,916,223,249]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="248" unit="mm" value="40.0">40 mm</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="A7DFAE79FFF0FF95B5A4FF7475D350A5" box="[930,1013,223,249]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="3" pageNumber="248" type="Museum">USNM</collectionCode>
|
||
E27248) [originally labeled as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="06CE4D3FFFF0FF95B353FF74770D5140" baseAuthorityName="Semper" baseAuthorityYear="1868" class="Holothuroidea" family="Cucumariidae" genus="Ocnus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="3" pageNumber="248" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="surinamensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="F3BAEAAEFFF0FF95B353FF74770D5140" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="248">Ocnus surinamensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
],
|
||
<date id="B570107CFFF0FF95B745FEA8778F5141" box="[323,425,259,285]" pageId="3" pageNumber="248" value="1977-02-06">6.ii.1977</date>
|
||
, Limon Bay, Canal Zone,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="B9D9762CFFF0FF95B4D5FEA875095141" box="[723,815,259,285]" name="Panama" pageId="3" pageNumber="248">Panamá</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Caribe.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="06CE4D3FFFF0FF95B592FEA9731B5141" authority="(Ludwig, 1875)" baseAuthorityName="Ludwig" baseAuthorityYear="1875" box="[916,1341,258,285]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Cucumariidae" genus="Parathyone" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="3" pageNumber="248" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="suspecta">
|
||
<emphasis id="F3BAEAAEFFF0FF95B592FEA972A55141" bold="true" box="[916,1155,258,285]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="248">Parathyone suspecta</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A55F4B4DFFF0FF95B295FEA873135141" author="Ludwig, H." box="[1171,1333,258,285]" pageId="3" pageNumber="248" pagination="77 - 120" refId="ref4952" refString="Ludwig, H. (1875) s. n. Beitrage zur Kenntniss der Holothurien Arbeiten aus dem zoologisch-zootomischen Institut in Wurzburg, 2, 77 - 120." type="journal article" year="1875">Ludwig, 1875</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, 2 specs
|
||
<quantity id="06369B59FFF0FF95B691FE8D7736511D" box="[151,272,294,321]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.75" metricValueMax="3.5" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="248" unit="mm" value="27.5" valueMax="35.0" valueMin="20.0">20–35 mm</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="A7DFAE79FFF0FF95B71BFE8C7756511D" box="[285,368,295,321]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="3" pageNumber="248" type="Museum">USNM</collectionCode>
|
||
<accessionNumber id="DE9DAB5FFFF0FF95B770FE8C77E9511D" box="[374,463,295,321]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/E22299" pageId="3" pageNumber="248" type="EnaNcbi">E22299</accessionNumber>
|
||
) [originally labeled as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="06CE4D3FFFF0FF95B4C8FE8C7203511C" baseAuthorityName="Ludwig" baseAuthorityYear="1875" box="[718,1061,295,321]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Cucumariidae" genus="Ocnus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="3" pageNumber="248" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="suspectus" subGenus="Urodemella">
|
||
<emphasis id="F3BAEAAEFFF0FF95B4C8FE8C7530511D" box="[718,790,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="248">Ocnus</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="F3BAEAAEFFF0FF95B520FE8C758D511D" box="[806,939,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="248">Urodemella</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="F3BAEAAEFFF0FF95B5BCFE8C7203511C" box="[954,1061,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="248">suspectus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="B570107CFFF0FF95B235FE8C7280511D" box="[1075,1190,295,321]" pageId="3" pageNumber="248" value="1966-02-28">28.ii.1966</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="030AF85EFFF0FF95B2B6FE8C7324511D" box="[1200,1282,295,321]" country="Bahamas" name="South Andros" pageId="3" pageNumber="248">Andros</collectingRegion>
|
||
island,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="B9D9762CFFF0FF95B35FFE8C76EE5139" name="Bahamas" pageId="3" pageNumber="248">Bahamas</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
<specimenCount id="D7C8FD35FFF0FF95B6D4FEE0773F5139" box="[210,281,331,357]" pageId="3" pageNumber="248" type="generic">1 spec</specimenCount>
|
||
<quantity id="06369B59FFF0FF95B726FEE077495139" box="[288,367,331,357]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="248" unit="mm" value="40.0">40 mm</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="A7DFAE79FFF0FF95B77BFEE0779C5139" box="[381,442,331,357]" pageId="3" pageNumber="248">ZBM</collectionCode>
|
||
–
|
||
<collectionCode id="A7DFAE79FFF0FF95B7CFFEE074245139" box="[457,514,331,357]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:12987" name="Elmira College" pageId="3" pageNumber="248" type="Herbarium">ECH</collectionCode>
|
||
5687),
|
||
<collectingCountry id="B9D9762CFFF0FF95B45EFEE074E35139" box="[600,709,331,357]" name="Barbados" pageId="3" pageNumber="248">Barbados</collectingCountry>
|
||
. MNHN-IE-2005 3378, 33576 [Slides of body and tentacles].
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="89D46537FFF0FF95B6C1FEC475B951D5" box="[199,927,367,393]" pageId="3" pageNumber="248" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="C17136BCFFF0FF95B6C1FEC475B951D5" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,933]" box="[199,927,367,393]" pageId="3" pageNumber="248">
|
||
<emphasis id="F3BAEAAEFFF0FF95B6C1FEC4776E51D5" bold="true" box="[199,328,367,393]" pageId="3" pageNumber="248">Etymology</emphasis>
|
||
. The specific name refers to the
|
||
<typeStatus id="1E75881EFFF0FF95B4B1FEC474C151D5" box="[695,743,367,393]" pageId="3" pageNumber="248">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality: Itapuã.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="89D46537FFF0FF95B6C1FE39778651A9" pageId="3" pageNumber="248" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="C17136BCFFF0FF95B6C1FE39778651A9" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,933]" pageId="3" pageNumber="248">
|
||
<emphasis id="F3BAEAAEFFF0FF95B6C1FE39771C51F0" bold="true" box="[199,314,402,428]" pageId="3" pageNumber="248">Diagnosis</emphasis>
|
||
. Length of anterior process (radial plate of the calcareous ring) larger than length of base of radial plate. Body wall buttons with triangular knobs; knobbed multiperforated plates in anal region. Two Polian vesicles and single madreporite.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="89D46537FFF0FF93B6C1FE5577985693" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="250" pageId="3" pageNumber="248" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="C17136BCFFF0FF95B6C1FE55771F52F5" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,933]" pageId="3" pageNumber="248">
|
||
<emphasis id="F3BAEAAEFFF0FF95B6C1FE5577775244" bold="true" box="[199,337,510,536]" pageId="3" pageNumber="248">Description</emphasis>
|
||
. Body barrel-shaped to oval when fixed; tube feet scattered throughout body (
|
||
<figureCitation id="59F52A39FFF0FF95B2D6FE5473075245" box="[1232,1313,511,537]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1425,1449]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,344,1401]" captionTargetId="figure-103@2.[151,1436,344,1401]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Parathyone itapuaensis sp. nov., holotype MZUSP 2089. (a) specimen in dorsal view; (b) detail of the tentaclesand mouth in frontal view; (c) anal papillae (white arrow); (d) Polian vesicle (yellow arrow), longitudinal muscle (white arrow), stomach (green arrow) and calcareous ring (red arrow); (e) longitudinal muscle split anteriorly; (f) attachment of the longitudinal muscle at the anterior processes of the calcareous ring; (g) rm: retractor muscle, madreporite (red arrow) and stone canal (yellow arrow); (h) Polian vesicle (yellow arrow) and (i) photograph of the calcareous ring in outer view (rma: retractor muscle attachment, lma: longitudinal muscle attachment." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4943529" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4943529/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="248">Fig. 1a</figureCitation>
|
||
). Ten dendritic tentacles, ventral pair reduced (
|
||
<figureCitation id="59F52A39FFF0FF95B43EFD8874AF5262" box="[568,649,547,574]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1425,1449]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,344,1401]" captionTargetId="figure-103@2.[151,1436,344,1401]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Parathyone itapuaensis sp. nov., holotype MZUSP 2089. (a) specimen in dorsal view; (b) detail of the tentaclesand mouth in frontal view; (c) anal papillae (white arrow); (d) Polian vesicle (yellow arrow), longitudinal muscle (white arrow), stomach (green arrow) and calcareous ring (red arrow); (e) longitudinal muscle split anteriorly; (f) attachment of the longitudinal muscle at the anterior processes of the calcareous ring; (g) rm: retractor muscle, madreporite (red arrow) and stone canal (yellow arrow); (h) Polian vesicle (yellow arrow) and (i) photograph of the calcareous ring in outer view (rma: retractor muscle attachment, lma: longitudinal muscle attachment." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4943529" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4943529/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="248">Fig. 1b</figureCitation>
|
||
). Anal papillae present (
|
||
<figureCitation id="59F52A39FFF0FF95B59DFD8875CF5261" box="[923,1001,547,573]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1425,1449]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,344,1401]" captionTargetId="figure-103@2.[151,1436,344,1401]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Parathyone itapuaensis sp. nov., holotype MZUSP 2089. (a) specimen in dorsal view; (b) detail of the tentaclesand mouth in frontal view; (c) anal papillae (white arrow); (d) Polian vesicle (yellow arrow), longitudinal muscle (white arrow), stomach (green arrow) and calcareous ring (red arrow); (e) longitudinal muscle split anteriorly; (f) attachment of the longitudinal muscle at the anterior processes of the calcareous ring; (g) rm: retractor muscle, madreporite (red arrow) and stone canal (yellow arrow); (h) Polian vesicle (yellow arrow) and (i) photograph of the calcareous ring in outer view (rma: retractor muscle attachment, lma: longitudinal muscle attachment." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4943529" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4943529/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="248">Fig. 1c</figureCitation>
|
||
) Longitudinal muscles well developed (
|
||
<figureCitation id="59F52A39FFF0FF95B6A6FDEC772A523D" box="[160,268,583,609]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1425,1449]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,344,1401]" captionTargetId="figure-103@2.[151,1436,344,1401]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Parathyone itapuaensis sp. nov., holotype MZUSP 2089. (a) specimen in dorsal view; (b) detail of the tentaclesand mouth in frontal view; (c) anal papillae (white arrow); (d) Polian vesicle (yellow arrow), longitudinal muscle (white arrow), stomach (green arrow) and calcareous ring (red arrow); (e) longitudinal muscle split anteriorly; (f) attachment of the longitudinal muscle at the anterior processes of the calcareous ring; (g) rm: retractor muscle, madreporite (red arrow) and stone canal (yellow arrow); (h) Polian vesicle (yellow arrow) and (i) photograph of the calcareous ring in outer view (rma: retractor muscle attachment, lma: longitudinal muscle attachment." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4943529" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4943529/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="248">Fig. 1d, e</figureCitation>
|
||
), split at anterior region (
|
||
<figureCitation id="59F52A39FFF0FF95B42CFDEC745C523D" box="[554,634,583,609]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1425,1449]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,344,1401]" captionTargetId="figure-103@2.[151,1436,344,1401]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Parathyone itapuaensis sp. nov., holotype MZUSP 2089. (a) specimen in dorsal view; (b) detail of the tentaclesand mouth in frontal view; (c) anal papillae (white arrow); (d) Polian vesicle (yellow arrow), longitudinal muscle (white arrow), stomach (green arrow) and calcareous ring (red arrow); (e) longitudinal muscle split anteriorly; (f) attachment of the longitudinal muscle at the anterior processes of the calcareous ring; (g) rm: retractor muscle, madreporite (red arrow) and stone canal (yellow arrow); (h) Polian vesicle (yellow arrow) and (i) photograph of the calcareous ring in outer view (rma: retractor muscle attachment, lma: longitudinal muscle attachment." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4943529" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4943529/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="248">Fig. 1e</figureCitation>
|
||
). Retractor muscle short and attached to the middle of radial plate (
|
||
<figureCitation id="59F52A39FFF0FF95B369FDEC76EA52DA" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1425,1449]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,344,1401]" captionTargetId="figure-103@2.[151,1436,344,1401]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Parathyone itapuaensis sp. nov., holotype MZUSP 2089. (a) specimen in dorsal view; (b) detail of the tentaclesand mouth in frontal view; (c) anal papillae (white arrow); (d) Polian vesicle (yellow arrow), longitudinal muscle (white arrow), stomach (green arrow) and calcareous ring (red arrow); (e) longitudinal muscle split anteriorly; (f) attachment of the longitudinal muscle at the anterior processes of the calcareous ring; (g) rm: retractor muscle, madreporite (red arrow) and stone canal (yellow arrow); (h) Polian vesicle (yellow arrow) and (i) photograph of the calcareous ring in outer view (rma: retractor muscle attachment, lma: longitudinal muscle attachment." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4943529" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4943529/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="248">
|
||
Fig.
|
||
<quantity id="06369B59FFF0FF95B691FDC0769352D9" box="[151,181,619,645]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="1.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="248" unit="g" value="1.0">1g</quantity>
|
||
, i
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
). Stone canal single, short, attached to round madreporite (
|
||
<figureCitation id="59F52A39FFF0FF95B577FDC075E352D9" box="[881,965,619,645]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1425,1449]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,344,1401]" captionTargetId="figure-103@2.[151,1436,344,1401]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Parathyone itapuaensis sp. nov., holotype MZUSP 2089. (a) specimen in dorsal view; (b) detail of the tentaclesand mouth in frontal view; (c) anal papillae (white arrow); (d) Polian vesicle (yellow arrow), longitudinal muscle (white arrow), stomach (green arrow) and calcareous ring (red arrow); (e) longitudinal muscle split anteriorly; (f) attachment of the longitudinal muscle at the anterior processes of the calcareous ring; (g) rm: retractor muscle, madreporite (red arrow) and stone canal (yellow arrow); (h) Polian vesicle (yellow arrow) and (i) photograph of the calcareous ring in outer view (rma: retractor muscle attachment, lma: longitudinal muscle attachment." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4943529" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4943529/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="248">
|
||
Fig.
|
||
<quantity id="06369B59FFF0FF95B5A1FDC075E352D9" box="[935,965,619,645]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="1.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="248" unit="g" value="1.0">1g</quantity>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
). Two Polian vesicle (
|
||
<figureCitation id="59F52A39FFF0FF95B2C3FDC0733F52DA" box="[1221,1305,619,646]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1425,1449]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,344,1401]" captionTargetId="figure-103@2.[151,1436,344,1401]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Parathyone itapuaensis sp. nov., holotype MZUSP 2089. (a) specimen in dorsal view; (b) detail of the tentaclesand mouth in frontal view; (c) anal papillae (white arrow); (d) Polian vesicle (yellow arrow), longitudinal muscle (white arrow), stomach (green arrow) and calcareous ring (red arrow); (e) longitudinal muscle split anteriorly; (f) attachment of the longitudinal muscle at the anterior processes of the calcareous ring; (g) rm: retractor muscle, madreporite (red arrow) and stone canal (yellow arrow); (h) Polian vesicle (yellow arrow) and (i) photograph of the calcareous ring in outer view (rma: retractor muscle attachment, lma: longitudinal muscle attachment." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4943529" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4943529/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="248">Fig. 1h</figureCitation>
|
||
). Colour in ethanol brown
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="C17136BCFFF0FF95B6C1FD18745E53F9" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,933]" pageId="3" pageNumber="248">
|
||
Plates of the calcareous ring lacking posterior processes. The radial and interradial plates of same height and laterally connected to each other for most of their length (
|
||
<figureCitation id="59F52A39FFF0FF95B534FD7C755E52AE" box="[818,888,727,754]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1425,1449]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,344,1401]" captionTargetId="figure-103@2.[151,1436,344,1401]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Parathyone itapuaensis sp. nov., holotype MZUSP 2089. (a) specimen in dorsal view; (b) detail of the tentaclesand mouth in frontal view; (c) anal papillae (white arrow); (d) Polian vesicle (yellow arrow), longitudinal muscle (white arrow), stomach (green arrow) and calcareous ring (red arrow); (e) longitudinal muscle split anteriorly; (f) attachment of the longitudinal muscle at the anterior processes of the calcareous ring; (g) rm: retractor muscle, madreporite (red arrow) and stone canal (yellow arrow); (h) Polian vesicle (yellow arrow) and (i) photograph of the calcareous ring in outer view (rma: retractor muscle attachment, lma: longitudinal muscle attachment." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4943529" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4943529/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="248">Fig.1i</figureCitation>
|
||
). MidIR (IR5) is not modified (
|
||
<figureCitation id="59F52A39FFF0FF95B2E0FD7C731452AE" box="[1254,1330,727,754]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1649,1673]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,957,1625]" captionTargetId="figure-363@3.[151,1436,957,1625]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Parathyone itapuaensis sp. nov. (Holotype-MZUSP 2089) μct volume rendering of calcareous ring: (a–d) outer view; (e) inner view and (f) top region. Unlabeled arrows in (e) point to groove for water vascular system canals. Abbreviations: AB, aquapharyngeal bulb attachment; IR, interradial plate; LMA, longitudinal muscle attachment; midIR, mid-dorsal interradial plate; midR, mid-ventral radial plate; R, radial plate; RMA, retractor muscle attachment. Plate identity following Ludwig (1889–1892)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4943533" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4943533/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="248">Fig.2b</figureCitation>
|
||
), and the midR (RI) is smaller than the other radials (
|
||
<figureCitation id="59F52A39FFF0FF95B489FD5074FC534A" box="[655,730,763,790]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1649,1673]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,957,1625]" captionTargetId="figure-363@3.[151,1436,957,1625]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Parathyone itapuaensis sp. nov. (Holotype-MZUSP 2089) μct volume rendering of calcareous ring: (a–d) outer view; (e) inner view and (f) top region. Unlabeled arrows in (e) point to groove for water vascular system canals. Abbreviations: AB, aquapharyngeal bulb attachment; IR, interradial plate; LMA, longitudinal muscle attachment; midIR, mid-dorsal interradial plate; midR, mid-ventral radial plate; R, radial plate; RMA, retractor muscle attachment. Plate identity following Ludwig (1889–1892)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4943533" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4943533/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="248">Fig.2c</figureCitation>
|
||
). Radial and interradial plates with pointy anterior region and strongly concave at base (
|
||
<figureCitation id="59F52A39FFF0FF95B7BEFCB474025366" box="[440,548,799,826]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1425,1449]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,344,1401]" captionTargetId="figure-103@2.[151,1436,344,1401]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Parathyone itapuaensis sp. nov., holotype MZUSP 2089. (a) specimen in dorsal view; (b) detail of the tentaclesand mouth in frontal view; (c) anal papillae (white arrow); (d) Polian vesicle (yellow arrow), longitudinal muscle (white arrow), stomach (green arrow) and calcareous ring (red arrow); (e) longitudinal muscle split anteriorly; (f) attachment of the longitudinal muscle at the anterior processes of the calcareous ring; (g) rm: retractor muscle, madreporite (red arrow) and stone canal (yellow arrow); (h) Polian vesicle (yellow arrow) and (i) photograph of the calcareous ring in outer view (rma: retractor muscle attachment, lma: longitudinal muscle attachment." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4943529" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4943529/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="248">Fig.1 d–f</figureCitation>
|
||
). Anterior region of the radial plate slightly depression for attachment the RMA (
|
||
<figureCitation id="59F52A39FFF0FF95B6A6FCE876D25302" box="[160,244,835,862]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1649,1673]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,957,1625]" captionTargetId="figure-363@3.[151,1436,957,1625]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Parathyone itapuaensis sp. nov. (Holotype-MZUSP 2089) μct volume rendering of calcareous ring: (a–d) outer view; (e) inner view and (f) top region. Unlabeled arrows in (e) point to groove for water vascular system canals. Abbreviations: AB, aquapharyngeal bulb attachment; IR, interradial plate; LMA, longitudinal muscle attachment; midIR, mid-dorsal interradial plate; midR, mid-ventral radial plate; R, radial plate; RMA, retractor muscle attachment. Plate identity following Ludwig (1889–1892)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4943533" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4943533/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="248">Fig. 2d</figureCitation>
|
||
). AP close together, anterior notch small (
|
||
<figureCitation id="59F52A39FFF0FF95B4C8FCE875055302" box="[718,803,835,862]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1649,1673]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,957,1625]" captionTargetId="figure-363@3.[151,1436,957,1625]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Parathyone itapuaensis sp. nov. (Holotype-MZUSP 2089) μct volume rendering of calcareous ring: (a–d) outer view; (e) inner view and (f) top region. Unlabeled arrows in (e) point to groove for water vascular system canals. Abbreviations: AB, aquapharyngeal bulb attachment; IR, interradial plate; LMA, longitudinal muscle attachment; midIR, mid-dorsal interradial plate; midR, mid-ventral radial plate; R, radial plate; RMA, retractor muscle attachment. Plate identity following Ludwig (1889–1892)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4943533" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4943533/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="248">Fig. 2d</figureCitation>
|
||
). Marginal grooves for AB deep, broad (
|
||
<figureCitation id="59F52A39FFF0FF95B2E9FCE873625302" box="[1263,1348,835,862]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1649,1673]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,957,1625]" captionTargetId="figure-363@3.[151,1436,957,1625]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Parathyone itapuaensis sp. nov. (Holotype-MZUSP 2089) μct volume rendering of calcareous ring: (a–d) outer view; (e) inner view and (f) top region. Unlabeled arrows in (e) point to groove for water vascular system canals. Abbreviations: AB, aquapharyngeal bulb attachment; IR, interradial plate; LMA, longitudinal muscle attachment; midIR, mid-dorsal interradial plate; midR, mid-ventral radial plate; R, radial plate; RMA, retractor muscle attachment. Plate identity following Ludwig (1889–1892)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4943533" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4943533/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="248">Fig. 2d</figureCitation>
|
||
). GV at inner region of radial plates conspicuous (
|
||
<figureCitation id="59F52A39FFF0FF95B46DFCCC749853DE" box="[619,702,871,898]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1649,1673]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,957,1625]" captionTargetId="figure-363@3.[151,1436,957,1625]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Parathyone itapuaensis sp. nov. (Holotype-MZUSP 2089) μct volume rendering of calcareous ring: (a–d) outer view; (e) inner view and (f) top region. Unlabeled arrows in (e) point to groove for water vascular system canals. Abbreviations: AB, aquapharyngeal bulb attachment; IR, interradial plate; LMA, longitudinal muscle attachment; midIR, mid-dorsal interradial plate; midR, mid-ventral radial plate; R, radial plate; RMA, retractor muscle attachment. Plate identity following Ludwig (1889–1892)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4943533" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4943533/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="248">Fig. 2d</figureCitation>
|
||
). TCT X- to H-shaped (
|
||
<figureCitation id="59F52A39FFF0FF95B5C0FCCC723353DE" box="[966,1045,871,898]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1649,1673]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,957,1625]" captionTargetId="figure-363@3.[151,1436,957,1625]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Parathyone itapuaensis sp. nov. (Holotype-MZUSP 2089) μct volume rendering of calcareous ring: (a–d) outer view; (e) inner view and (f) top region. Unlabeled arrows in (e) point to groove for water vascular system canals. Abbreviations: AB, aquapharyngeal bulb attachment; IR, interradial plate; LMA, longitudinal muscle attachment; midIR, mid-dorsal interradial plate; midR, mid-ventral radial plate; R, radial plate; RMA, retractor muscle attachment. Plate identity following Ludwig (1889–1892)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4943533" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4943533/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="248">Fig. 2f</figureCitation>
|
||
). Size of radial plates varies; radial plates usually wider than interradial plates.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="95B16634FFF0FF95B691F9DA77075745" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4943533" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4943533" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4943533/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="248" startId="3.[151,250,1649,1673]" targetBox="[151,1436,957,1625]" targetPageId="3">
|
||
<paragraph id="C17136BCFFF0FF95B691F9DA77075745" blockId="3.[151,1437,1649,1817]" pageId="3" pageNumber="248">
|
||
<emphasis id="F3BAEAAEFFF0FF95B691F9DA773356D5" bold="true" box="[151,277,1649,1673]" pageId="3" pageNumber="248">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="06CE4D3FFFF0FF95B71BF9DA742856D5" authority="Martins & Tavares, 2021" authorityName="Martins & Tavares" authorityYear="2021" box="[285,526,1649,1673]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Cucumariidae" genus="Parathyone" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="3" pageNumber="248" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="itapuaensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="F3BAEAAEFFF0FF95B71BF9DA742856D5" box="[285,526,1649,1673]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="248">Parathyone itapuaensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="E88957D5FFF0FF95B411F9DA744E56D4" box="[535,616,1649,1672]" pageId="3" pageNumber="248" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
(Holotype-MZUSP 2089) μct volume rendering of calcareous ring: (a–d) outer view; (e) inner view and (f) top region. Unlabeled arrows in (e) point to groove for water vascular system canals. Abbreviations: AB, aquapharyngeal bulb attachment; IR, interradial plate; LMA, longitudinal muscle attachment; midIR, mid-dorsal interradial plate; midR, mid-ventral radial plate; R, radial plate; RMA, retractor muscle attachment. Plate identity following Ludwig (1889–1892).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="C17136BCFFF0FF92B6C1F8EC727350A6" blockId="3.[151,1437,1863,2034]" lastBlockId="4.[151,1437,151,250]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="249" pageId="3" pageNumber="248">
|
||
Body wall ossicles four holed-knobbed buttons with triangular knobs at the center (60–120 μm long,
|
||
<figureCitation id="59F52A39FFF0FF95B32DF8EC73B1573D" box="[1323,1431,1863,1889]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1753,1777]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,273,1729]" captionTargetId="figure-76@4.[151,1436,273,1729]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Parathyone itapuaensis sp. nov., holotype-MZUSP 2089. (a–l) SEM images.(a–b) ontogenetic variation in knobbed buttons from the body wall; (c) four-holed cups from the body wall in inner and outer view from left to right, respectively; (d) multilocular cups from body wall in inner and outer view from left to right, respectively; (e) knobbed plates from body wall; (f) knobbed cups from tentacles; (g–j) rods from tentacles; (k) supporting rods and (l) end plate from tube feet." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4943535" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4943535/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="248">Fig. 3a–b</figureCitation>
|
||
; fig 4a–c); four-holed to multilocular shallow cups (35–45 μm long,
|
||
<figureCitation id="59F52A39FFF0FF95B597F8C0722657DA" box="[913,1024,1899,1926]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1753,1777]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,273,1729]" captionTargetId="figure-76@4.[151,1436,273,1729]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Parathyone itapuaensis sp. nov., holotype-MZUSP 2089. (a–l) SEM images.(a–b) ontogenetic variation in knobbed buttons from the body wall; (c) four-holed cups from the body wall in inner and outer view from left to right, respectively; (d) multilocular cups from body wall in inner and outer view from left to right, respectively; (e) knobbed plates from body wall; (f) knobbed cups from tentacles; (g–j) rods from tentacles; (k) supporting rods and (l) end plate from tube feet." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4943535" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4943535/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="248">Fig. 3c–d</figureCitation>
|
||
); knobbed perforated plates (60–100 μm long,
|
||
<figureCitation id="59F52A39FFF0FF95B705F824777457F5" box="[259,338,1935,1961]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1753,1777]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,273,1729]" captionTargetId="figure-76@4.[151,1436,273,1729]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Parathyone itapuaensis sp. nov., holotype-MZUSP 2089. (a–l) SEM images.(a–b) ontogenetic variation in knobbed buttons from the body wall; (c) four-holed cups from the body wall in inner and outer view from left to right, respectively; (d) multilocular cups from body wall in inner and outer view from left to right, respectively; (e) knobbed plates from body wall; (f) knobbed cups from tentacles; (g–j) rods from tentacles; (k) supporting rods and (l) end plate from tube feet." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4943535" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4943535/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="248">Fig. 3e</figureCitation>
|
||
) at anal region. Introvert with shallow cups; knobbed in its inner and outer faces (30–40 μm long,
|
||
<figureCitation id="59F52A39FFF0FF95B691F81876C25792" box="[151,228,1971,1998]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1753,1777]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,273,1729]" captionTargetId="figure-76@4.[151,1436,273,1729]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Parathyone itapuaensis sp. nov., holotype-MZUSP 2089. (a–l) SEM images.(a–b) ontogenetic variation in knobbed buttons from the body wall; (c) four-holed cups from the body wall in inner and outer view from left to right, respectively; (d) multilocular cups from body wall in inner and outer view from left to right, respectively; (e) knobbed plates from body wall; (f) knobbed cups from tentacles; (g–j) rods from tentacles; (k) supporting rods and (l) end plate from tube feet." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4943535" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4943535/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="248">Fig. 3f</figureCitation>
|
||
) and rosettes. Tentacles with
|
||
<specimenCount id="D7C8FD35FFF0FF95B434F818748A5792" box="[562,684,1971,1998]" pageId="3" pageNumber="248" type="generic" typeStatus="types">three types</specimenCount>
|
||
of perforated rods: elongated with irregular margins (180–240 μm long,
|
||
<figureCitation id="59F52A39FFF0FF95B6D1F87C770F57AD" box="[215,297,2007,2033]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1753,1777]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,273,1729]" captionTargetId="figure-76@4.[151,1436,273,1729]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Parathyone itapuaensis sp. nov., holotype-MZUSP 2089. (a–l) SEM images.(a–b) ontogenetic variation in knobbed buttons from the body wall; (c) four-holed cups from the body wall in inner and outer view from left to right, respectively; (d) multilocular cups from body wall in inner and outer view from left to right, respectively; (e) knobbed plates from body wall; (f) knobbed cups from tentacles; (g–j) rods from tentacles; (k) supporting rods and (l) end plate from tube feet." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4943535" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4943535/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="248">
|
||
Fig.
|
||
<quantity id="06369B59FFF0FF95B70CF87C770F57AD" box="[266,297,2007,2033]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="3.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="248" unit="g" value="3.0">3g</quantity>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
); large arched rods (600–800 μm long,
|
||
<figureCitation id="59F52A39FFF0FF95B4E5F87C751557AE" box="[739,819,2007,2034]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1753,1777]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,273,1729]" captionTargetId="figure-76@4.[151,1436,273,1729]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Parathyone itapuaensis sp. nov., holotype-MZUSP 2089. (a–l) SEM images.(a–b) ontogenetic variation in knobbed buttons from the body wall; (c) four-holed cups from the body wall in inner and outer view from left to right, respectively; (d) multilocular cups from body wall in inner and outer view from left to right, respectively; (e) knobbed plates from body wall; (f) knobbed cups from tentacles; (g–j) rods from tentacles; (k) supporting rods and (l) end plate from tube feet." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4943535" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4943535/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="248">Fig. 3h</figureCitation>
|
||
) and knobbed curved rods at base of tentacles (60–180 μm long,
|
||
<figureCitation id="59F52A39FFF7FF92B707FF3C776F50EE" box="[257,329,151,178]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1753,1777]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,273,1729]" captionTargetId="figure-76@4.[151,1436,273,1729]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Parathyone itapuaensis sp. nov., holotype-MZUSP 2089. (a–l) SEM images.(a–b) ontogenetic variation in knobbed buttons from the body wall; (c) four-holed cups from the body wall in inner and outer view from left to right, respectively; (d) multilocular cups from body wall in inner and outer view from left to right, respectively; (e) knobbed plates from body wall; (f) knobbed cups from tentacles; (g–j) rods from tentacles; (k) supporting rods and (l) end plate from tube feet." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4943535" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4943535/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="249">Fig. 3i</figureCitation>
|
||
) sometimes tri-armed (300–400 μm long,
|
||
<figureCitation id="59F52A39FFF7FF92B518FF3C754150EE" box="[798,871,151,178]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1753,1777]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,273,1729]" captionTargetId="figure-76@4.[151,1436,273,1729]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Parathyone itapuaensis sp. nov., holotype-MZUSP 2089. (a–l) SEM images.(a–b) ontogenetic variation in knobbed buttons from the body wall; (c) four-holed cups from the body wall in inner and outer view from left to right, respectively; (d) multilocular cups from body wall in inner and outer view from left to right, respectively; (e) knobbed plates from body wall; (f) knobbed cups from tentacles; (g–j) rods from tentacles; (k) supporting rods and (l) end plate from tube feet." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4943535" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4943535/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="249">Fig. 3j</figureCitation>
|
||
) and rosettes. Tube feet supporting rods with small perforations at extremities, one central perforation and one central apophysis (250–300 μm long,
|
||
<figureCitation id="59F52A39FFF7FF92B2D0FF107304508A" box="[1238,1314,187,214]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1753,1777]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,273,1729]" captionTargetId="figure-76@4.[151,1436,273,1729]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Parathyone itapuaensis sp. nov., holotype-MZUSP 2089. (a–l) SEM images.(a–b) ontogenetic variation in knobbed buttons from the body wall; (c) four-holed cups from the body wall in inner and outer view from left to right, respectively; (d) multilocular cups from body wall in inner and outer view from left to right, respectively; (e) knobbed plates from body wall; (f) knobbed cups from tentacles; (g–j) rods from tentacles; (k) supporting rods and (l) end plate from tube feet." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4943535" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4943535/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="249">Fig 3k</figureCitation>
|
||
); end plate circular; small holes around margin, bigger ones centrally (100–140 μm long,
|
||
<figureCitation id="59F52A39FFF7FF92B205FF74726150A6" box="[1027,1095,223,250]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1753,1777]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,273,1729]" captionTargetId="figure-76@4.[151,1436,273,1729]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Parathyone itapuaensis sp. nov., holotype-MZUSP 2089. (a–l) SEM images.(a–b) ontogenetic variation in knobbed buttons from the body wall; (c) four-holed cups from the body wall in inner and outer view from left to right, respectively; (d) multilocular cups from body wall in inner and outer view from left to right, respectively; (e) knobbed plates from body wall; (f) knobbed cups from tentacles; (g–j) rods from tentacles; (k) supporting rods and (l) end plate from tube feet." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4943535" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4943535/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="249">Fig 3l</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="95B16634FFF7FF92B691F97272FF5701" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4943535" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4943535" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4943535/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="249" startId="4.[151,250,1753,1777]" targetBox="[151,1436,273,1729]" targetPageId="4">
|
||
<paragraph id="C17136BCFFF7FF92B691F97272FF5701" blockId="4.[151,1436,1753,1885]" pageId="4" pageNumber="249">
|
||
<emphasis id="F3BAEAAEFFF7FF92B691F972773756AD" bold="true" box="[151,273,1753,1777]" pageId="4" pageNumber="249">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="06CE4D3FFFF7FF92B710F972742256AD" authority="Martins & Tavares, 2021" authorityName="Martins & Tavares" authorityYear="2021" box="[278,516,1753,1777]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Cucumariidae" genus="Parathyone" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="4" pageNumber="249" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="itapuaensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="F3BAEAAEFFF7FF92B710F972742256AD" box="[278,516,1753,1777]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="249">Parathyone itapuaensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="F3BAEAAEFFF7FF92B40FF972747156AD" bold="true" box="[521,599,1753,1777]" pageId="4" pageNumber="249">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="E88957D5FFF7FF92B40FF972747156AD" box="[521,599,1753,1777]" pageId="4" pageNumber="249" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, holotype-MZUSP 2089. (a–l) SEM images. (a–b) ontogenetic variation in knobbed buttons from the body wall; (c) four-holed cups from the body wall in inner and outer view from left to right, respectively; (d) multilocular cups from body wall in inner and outer view from left to right, respectively; (e) knobbed plates from body wall; (f) knobbed cups from tentacles; (g–j) rods from tentacles; (k) supporting rods and (l) end plate from tube feet.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="C17136BCFFF7FF92B6C1F82075C157FA" blockId="4.[151,1436,1931,2030]" box="[199,999,1931,1958]" pageId="4" pageNumber="249">
|
||
<emphasis id="F3BAEAAEFFF7FF92B6C1F820777C57F9" bold="true" box="[199,346,1931,1957]" pageId="4" pageNumber="249">Occurrence.</emphasis>
|
||
Only known from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="B9D9762CFFF7FF92B436F820745257F9" box="[560,628,1931,1957]" name="Brazil" pageId="4" pageNumber="249">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectingRegion id="030AF85EFFF7FF92B485F82074FA57F9" box="[643,732,1931,1957]" country="Brazil" name="Paraiba" pageId="4" pageNumber="249">Paraiba</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="030AF85EFFF7FF92B4E1F820750D57F9" box="[743,811,1931,1957]" country="Brazil" name="Bahia" pageId="4" pageNumber="249">Bahia</collectingRegion>
|
||
, and
|
||
<collectingRegion id="030AF85EFFF7FF92B560F82075FA57FA" box="[870,988,1931,1958]" country="Brazil" name="Sao Paulo" pageId="4" pageNumber="249">São Paulo</collectingRegion>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="C17136BCFFF7FF93B6C1F80472005089" blockId="4.[151,1436,1931,2030]" lastBlockId="5.[151,1437,151,645]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="250" pageId="4" pageNumber="249">
|
||
<emphasis id="F3BAEAAEFFF7FF92B6C1F80477EE5795" bold="true" box="[199,456,1967,1993]" pageId="4" pageNumber="249">Taxonomic Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="06CE4D3FFFF7FF92B7D4F80474F85795" authority="Martins & Tavares, 2021" authorityName="Martins & Tavares" authorityYear="2021" box="[466,734,1967,1993]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Cucumariidae" genus="Parathyone" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="4" pageNumber="249" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="itapuaensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="F3BAEAAEFFF7FF92B7D4F80474F85795" box="[466,734,1967,1993]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="249">Parathyone itapuaensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="F3BAEAAEFFF7FF92B4EEF80475625795" bold="true" box="[744,836,1967,1993]" pageId="4" pageNumber="249">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="E88957D5FFF7FF92B4EEF80475625795" box="[744,836,1967,1993]" pageId="4" pageNumber="249" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
is herein assigned to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="06CE4D3FFFF7FF92B242F80472E15795" authorityName="Deichmann" authorityYear="1957" box="[1092,1223,1967,1993]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Cucumariidae" genus="Parathyone" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="4" pageNumber="249" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="F3BAEAAEFFF7FF92B242F80472E15795" box="[1092,1223,1967,1993]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="249">Parathyone</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, whose diagnostic characters (cf.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A55F4B4DFFF7FF92B747F878742257B2" author="Deichmann, E." box="[321,516,2003,2030]" pageId="4" pageNumber="249" pagination="1 - 20" refId="ref4922" refString="Deichmann, E. (1957) The Littoral Holothurians of the Bahama Islands. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 1821, 1 - 20." type="journal article" year="1957">Deichmann 1957</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) are recognized in the new species. They are as follow: 1) ambulacral feet stout spreading out into the interambulacral; 2) calcareous ring simple lacking posterior process; 3) dermal ossicles are baskets and knobbed buttons; tube feet with end plates and large supporting rods.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="C17136BCFFF6FF93B6C1FF74770F51F0" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,645]" pageId="5" pageNumber="250">
|
||
The new species shares with
|
||
<emphasis id="F3BAEAAEFFF6FF93B411FF74755150A4" box="[535,887,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="250">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="06CE4D3FFFF6FF93B411FF74749050A5" baseAuthorityName="Verrill" baseAuthorityYear="1868" box="[535,694,223,249]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Cucumariidae" genus="Parathyone" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="5" pageNumber="250" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="braziliensis">P. braziliensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="06CE4D3FFFF6FF93B4F4FF74755550A4" baseAuthorityName="Ludwig" baseAuthorityYear="1875" box="[754,883,223,248]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Cucumariidae" genus="Parathyone" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="5" pageNumber="250" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="suspecta">P. suspecta</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
two reduced ventral tentacles. However, differs from both,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="06CE4D3FFFF6FF93B712FEA877965141" baseAuthorityName="Verrill" baseAuthorityYear="1868" box="[276,432,259,285]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Cucumariidae" genus="Parathyone" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="5" pageNumber="250" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="braziliensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="F3BAEAAEFFF6FF93B712FEA877965141" box="[276,432,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="250">P. braziliensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="06CE4D3FFFF6FF93B7E0FEA874475140" baseAuthorityName="Ludwig" baseAuthorityYear="1875" box="[486,609,259,284]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Cucumariidae" genus="Parathyone" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="5" pageNumber="250" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="suspecta">
|
||
<emphasis id="F3BAEAAEFFF6FF93B7E0FEA874475140" box="[486,609,259,284]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="250">P. suspecta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, in having the anterior process of the radial plate longer than the length of base of radial plate (
|
||
<emphasis id="F3BAEAAEFFF6FF93B77FFE8C77B6511C" box="[377,400,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="250">vs</emphasis>
|
||
anterior process of the radial plate as long as the base of the radial plate in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="06CE4D3FFFF6FF93B2D7FE8C734B511D" baseAuthorityName="Verrill" baseAuthorityYear="1868" box="[1233,1389,295,321]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Cucumariidae" genus="Parathyone" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="5" pageNumber="250" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="braziliensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="F3BAEAAEFFF6FF93B2D7FE8C734B511D" box="[1233,1389,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="250">P. braziliensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="06CE4D3FFFF6FF93B691FEE077325138" baseAuthorityName="Ludwig" baseAuthorityYear="1875" box="[151,276,331,356]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Cucumariidae" genus="Parathyone" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="5" pageNumber="250" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="suspecta">
|
||
<emphasis id="F3BAEAAEFFF6FF93B691FEE077325138" box="[151,276,331,356]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="250">P. suspecta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). The new species further differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="06CE4D3FFFF6FF93B4D2FEE075545139" baseAuthorityName="Verrill" baseAuthorityYear="1868" box="[724,882,331,357]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Cucumariidae" genus="Parathyone" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="5" pageNumber="250" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="braziliensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="F3BAEAAEFFF6FF93B4D2FEE075545139" box="[724,882,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="250">P. braziliensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in that the anal region is provided with knobbed multiperforated plates (lacking in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="06CE4D3FFFF6FF93B418FEC4749B51D5" baseAuthorityName="Verrill" baseAuthorityYear="1868" box="[542,701,367,393]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Cucumariidae" genus="Parathyone" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="5" pageNumber="250" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="braziliensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="F3BAEAAEFFF6FF93B418FEC4749B51D5" box="[542,701,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="250">P. braziliensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and in having two Polian vesicles (
|
||
<emphasis id="F3BAEAAEFFF6FF93B261FEC472A351D4" box="[1127,1157,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="250">vs.</emphasis>
|
||
one Polian vesicle in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="06CE4D3FFFF6FF93B38EFEC4773E51F1" baseAuthorityName="Verrill" baseAuthorityYear="1868" class="Holothuroidea" family="Cucumariidae" genus="Parathyone" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="5" pageNumber="250" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="braziliensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="F3BAEAAEFFF6FF93B38EFEC4773E51F1" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="250">P. braziliensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="C17136BCFFF6FF93B6C1FE1C749952D9" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,645]" pageId="5" pageNumber="250">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="06CE4D3FFFF6FF93B6C1FE1C77F6518C" authority="Martins & Tavares, 2021" authorityName="Martins & Tavares" authorityYear="2021" box="[199,464,439,465]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Cucumariidae" genus="Parathyone" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="5" pageNumber="250" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="itapuaensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="F3BAEAAEFFF6FF93B6C1FE1C77F6518C" box="[199,464,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="250">Parathyone itapuaensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="E88957D5FFF6FF93B7D3FE1C7408518C" box="[469,558,439,465]" pageId="5" pageNumber="250" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="F3BAEAAEFFF6FF93B7D3FE1C740E518D" bold="true" box="[469,552,439,465]" pageId="5" pageNumber="250">sp. nov</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
superficially resembles
|
||
<taxonomicName id="06CE4D3FFFF6FF93B53DFE1C75CC518C" baseAuthorityName="Semper" baseAuthorityYear="1868" box="[827,1002,439,464]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Cucumariidae" genus="Ocnus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="5" pageNumber="250" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="surinamensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="F3BAEAAEFFF6FF93B53DFE1C75CC518C" box="[827,1002,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="250">P. surinamensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the general aspects of the calcareous ring. However, the new species stands apart from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="06CE4D3FFFF6FF93B4C2FE70755551A8" baseAuthorityName="Semper" baseAuthorityYear="1868" box="[708,883,475,500]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Cucumariidae" genus="Ocnus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="5" pageNumber="250" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="surinamensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="F3BAEAAEFFF6FF93B4C2FE70755551A8" box="[708,883,475,500]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="250">P. surinamensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in having the body wall buttons slightly knobbed and triangular knobs at the center (
|
||
<figureCitation id="59F52A39FFF6FF93B423FE5474B35245" box="[549,661,511,537]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1429,1453]" captionTargetBox="[151,1437,669,1406]" captionTargetId="figure-248@5.[151,1437,669,1406]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 4. Morphological comparisons between (a–c) knobbed buttons from Parathyone itapuaensis sp. nov., holotype (MZUSP 2089) and (d–f) Parathyone surinamensis (USNM E27248)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4943537" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4943537/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="250">Fig. 4a–c</figureCitation>
|
||
); two Polian vesicle and the longitudinal muscle split anteriorly and in having tentacles with ventral pair reduced whereas
|
||
<taxonomicName id="06CE4D3FFFF6FF93B4F3FD8875835260" baseAuthorityName="Semper" baseAuthorityYear="1868" box="[757,933,547,572]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Cucumariidae" genus="Ocnus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="5" pageNumber="250" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="surinamensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="F3BAEAAEFFF6FF93B4F3FD8875835260" box="[757,933,547,572]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="250">P. surinamensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has body wall buttons strongly knobbed and rounded knobs at the center (
|
||
<figureCitation id="59F52A39FFF6FF93B7E2FDEC7477523E" box="[484,593,583,610]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1429,1453]" captionTargetBox="[151,1437,669,1406]" captionTargetId="figure-248@5.[151,1437,669,1406]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 4. Morphological comparisons between (a–c) knobbed buttons from Parathyone itapuaensis sp. nov., holotype (MZUSP 2089) and (d–f) Parathyone surinamensis (USNM E27248)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4943537" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4943537/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="250">Fig. 4d–f</figureCitation>
|
||
), one Polian vesicle; longitudinal muscle split before the midlength of the body cavity and in having tentacles of equal size.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="95B16634FFF6FF93B691FA3E7578558E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4943537" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4943537" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4943537/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="250" startId="5.[151,250,1429,1453]" targetBox="[151,1437,669,1406]" targetPageId="5">
|
||
<paragraph id="C17136BCFFF6FF93B691FA3E7578558E" blockId="5.[151,1437,1429,1490]" pageId="5" pageNumber="250">
|
||
<emphasis id="F3BAEAAEFFF6FF93B691FA3E773155F1" bold="true" box="[151,279,1429,1453]" pageId="5" pageNumber="250">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
|
||
Morphological comparisons between (a–c) knobbed buttons from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="06CE4D3FFFF6FF93B5D8FA3D72F455F1" authority="Martins & Tavares, 2021" authorityName="Martins & Tavares" authorityYear="2021" box="[990,1234,1430,1454]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Cucumariidae" genus="Parathyone" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="5" pageNumber="250" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="itapuaensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="F3BAEAAEFFF6FF93B5D8FA3D72F455F1" box="[990,1234,1430,1454]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="250">Parathyone itapuaensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="F3BAEAAEFFF6FF93B2DBFA3D731455F2" bold="true" box="[1245,1330,1430,1454]" pageId="5" pageNumber="250">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="E88957D5FFF6FF93B2DBFA3D731455F2" box="[1245,1330,1430,1454]" pageId="5" pageNumber="250" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, holotype (MZUSP 2089) and (d–f)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="06CE4D3FFFF6FF93B799FA117487558D" baseAuthorityName="Semper" baseAuthorityYear="1867" box="[415,673,1466,1490]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Cucumariidae" genus="Parathyone" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="5" pageNumber="250" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="surinamensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="F3BAEAAEFFF6FF93B799FA117487558D" box="[415,673,1466,1490]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="250">Parathyone surinamensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(USNM E27248).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="C17136BCFFF6FF93B6C1F9AB77985693" blockId="5.[151,1437,1536,1743]" pageId="5" pageNumber="250">
|
||
Juveniles and adults of the same species can differ in the form of the ossicles (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A55F4B4DFFF6FF93B22BF9AB72E05647" author="Cutress, B. M." box="[1069,1222,1536,1563]" pageId="5" pageNumber="250" pagination="44 - 116" refId="ref4844" refString="Cutress, B. M. (1996) Changes in dermal ossicles during somatic growth in Caribbean littoral sea cucumbers (Echinordermata: Holothuroidea: Aspidochirotida). Bulletin of Marine Science, 58 (1), 44 - 116." type="journal article" year="1996">Cutress 1996</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Also, ontogenetic changes in the form of the ossicles or even disappearance of the ossicles have been shown to occur, including in dendrochirotids (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A55F4B4DFFF6FF93B753F9E377F8563E" author="Vaney, C." box="[341,478,1608,1634]" pageId="5" pageNumber="250" pagination="1 - 52" refId="ref5502" refString="Vaney, C. (1914) Holothuries. Deuxieme Expedition Antarctique Francaise (1908 - 1910) 5, 1 - 52. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 6956" type="journal article" year="1914">Vaney 1914</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A55F4B4DFFF6FF93B7EEF9E374A1563E" author="Thandar, A. S." box="[488,647,1608,1634]" pageId="5" pageNumber="250" pagination="287 - 296" refId="ref5446" refString="Thandar, A. S. (1989) The status of some Southern African nominal species of Cucumaria (s. e) referable to a new genus and their ecological isolation. South African Journal of Zoology, 22, 287 - 296. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 02541858.1987.11448059" type="journal article" year="1989">Thandar 1989</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A55F4B4DFFF6FF93B494F9E375F8563E" author="O'Loughlin, P. M. & Alcook, N." box="[658,990,1608,1634]" pageId="5" pageNumber="250" pagination="1 - 24" refId="ref5215" refString="O'Loughlin, P. M. & Alcook, N. (2000) The New Zealand Cucumariidae (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea). Memoirs of Museum Victoria, 58, 1 - 24. https: // doi. org / 10.24199 / j. mmv. 2000.58.1" type="journal article" year="2000">O’Loughlin and Alcook 2000</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A55F4B4DFFF6FF93B5EEF9E372CA563E" author="O'Loughlin, P. M. & Barmos, S. & VandenSpiegel, D." box="[1000,1260,1608,1634]" pageId="5" pageNumber="250" pagination="269 - 308" refId="ref5264" refString="O'Loughlin, P. M., Barmos, S. & VandenSpiegel, D. (2012) The phyllophorid sea cucumbers of Southern Australia (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea: Phyllophoridae). Memoirs of Museum Victoria, 69, 269 - 308. https: // doi. org / 10.24199 / j. mmv. 2012.69.05" type="journal article" year="2012">
|
||
O’Loughlin
|
||
<emphasis id="F3BAEAAEFFF6FF93B275F9E27285563E" box="[1139,1187,1608,1634]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="250">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2012
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A55F4B4DFFF6FF93B2F0F9E373B7563E" author="Martins, L." box="[1270,1425,1608,1634]" pageId="5" pageNumber="250" pagination="434 - 443" refId="ref5093" refString="Martins, L. (2019) Ontogenetic variation of the ossicles in Pseudothyone belli (Ludwig, 1887) with a description of a new Sclerodactylidae (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea: Dendrochirotida) from Southwestern Atlantic, Marine Biology Research, 15, 434 - 443. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 17451000.2019.1662051" type="journal article" year="2019">Martins 2019</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). However, in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="06CE4D3FFFF6FF93B720F9C7740956DA" authority="Martins & Tavares, 2021" authorityName="Martins & Tavares" authorityYear="2021" box="[294,559,1644,1670]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Cucumariidae" genus="Parathyone" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="5" pageNumber="250" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="itapuaensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="F3BAEAAEFFF6FF93B720F9C7740956DA" box="[294,559,1644,1670]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="250">Parathyone itapuaensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="F3BAEAAEFFF6FF93B432F9C774AB56DA" bold="true" box="[564,653,1644,1670]" pageId="5" pageNumber="250">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="E88957D5FFF6FF93B432F9C774AB56DA" box="[564,653,1644,1670]" pageId="5" pageNumber="250" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, the only difference found between adults and younger specimens was the number of ossicles, with the younger specimens tended to have more ossicles (stage of development based on size:
|
||
<quantity id="06369B59FFF6FF93B6D4F91F77655693" box="[210,323,1716,1743]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.75" metricValueMax="2.5" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="250" unit="mm" value="17.5" valueMax="25.0" valueMin="10.0">10–25mm</quantity>
|
||
in length).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |