834 lines
103 KiB
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834 lines
103 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="7F409C1F2D716F3A9844AD2C57BCBF46">The Pleistocene Conidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda) from the island of Rhodes (Greece) and their palaeoecological significance</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="4CA5A00F8E9001BE8C7721333A2ADC58">Psarras, Christos</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="AC4F43EB53261B9E55E2E9C06BA88A60">National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Faculty of Geology and Geoenvironment, Department of Hist. Geology-Paleontology, University Campus 15784 Athens (Greece) cpsarras @ geol. uoa. gr (corresponding author)</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="1D01FA51B1EB71175DE2D86A780550CD">Merle, Didier</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="F57B085890A1AF179E0A3F9D386C40EA">Muséum national d’histoire naturelle, Département Origines et Évolution (CR 2 P - MNHN, CNRS, UPMC, Sorbonne Université), 57 rue Cuvier, 75231 Paris cedex 05 (France) didier. merle @ mnhn. fr</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="B8EFA1D757FE52987714D12EB6B0934F">Moissette, Pierre</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="C7A010667E79775BCACA5F9334C31CCD">National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Faculty of Geology and Geoenvironment, Department of Hist. Geology-Paleontology, University Campus 15784 Athens (Greece) pmoissette @ geol. uoa. gr</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="B3ED30D9B0AE787A0999BAAB19AA7400">Koskeridou, Efterpi</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="6A9A42C263CCC8D68F2A6A664CB75E6E">National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Faculty of Geology and Geoenvironment, Department of Hist. Geology-Paleontology, University Campus 15784 Athens (Greece) ekosker @ geol. uoa. gr</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="EB32D88F796B5739044EE88AE4A5C5F0">Geodiversitas</mods:title>
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<taxonomicName id="4C5DFAC7FFA6A67BFF57FBC5324FFBDB" authorityName="Psarras & Merle & Moissette & Koskeridou" authorityYear="2024" box="[169,635,1079,1107]" class="Gastropoda" family="Conidae" genus="Conus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="8" pageNumber="429" phylum="Mollusca" rank="subSpecies" species="ventricosus" status="subsp. nov." subGenus="Lautoconus" subSpecies="rhodesensis">
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<emphasis id="B9295D56FFA6A67BFF57FBC530D9FBD9" bold="true" box="[169,237,1079,1105]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="429">Conus</emphasis>
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(
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<emphasis id="B9295D56FFA6A67BFF03FBCA314DFBDA" bold="true" box="[253,377,1080,1106]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="429">Lautoconus</emphasis>
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)
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<emphasis id="B9295D56FFA6A67BFE77FBC5324FFBDB" bold="true" box="[393,635,1079,1107]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="429">ventricosus rhodesensis</emphasis>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21AE02DFFA6A67BFD7CFBCA32D6FBD9" box="[642,738,1079,1106]" pageId="8" pageNumber="429" rank="subSpecies">n. subsp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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(
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<figureCitation id="13669DC1FFA6A67BFE64FBA531C5FBFA" box="[410,497,1111,1138]" captionStart-0="FIG" captionStart-1="FIG" captionStart-2="FIG" captionStartId-0="9.[132,143,1940,1957]" captionStartId-1="10.[132,143,1069,1086]" captionStartId-2="11.[132,143,1543,1560]" captionTargetBox-0="[132,1456,222,1873]" captionTargetBox-1="[227,1373,206,1041]" captionTargetBox-2="[209,1361,201,1509]" captionTargetId-0="figure-15@9.[132,1456,215,1845]" captionTargetId-1="figure-523@10.[793,1362,213,756]" captionTargetId-2="figure-136@11.[225,794,764,1317]" captionTargetPageId-0="9" captionTargetPageId-1="10" captionTargetPageId-2="11" captionText-0="FIG. 3. — Conus (Lautoconus) ventricosus rhodesensisn.subsp.from the Pleistocene of Tsampika,Rhodes (Greece) under natural (A1, A2, A4, A5, B1, B2, B4, C1, C2, C4, D1, D2, D4, D6, E1, E2, E4, F1, F2, F4, G1-G4, H1, H2, I1, I2, I4, J) and UV (A3, B3, B5, C3, D3, D5, E3, F3, F4, I3) light: A, holotype MNHN.F.A88160; B-J, paratypes;B, MNHN.F.A88161; C, MNHN.F.A88162; D, MNHN.F.A88163; E, MNHN.F.A88164; F, MNHN.F.A88165; G, MNHN.F.A88166; H, MNHN.F.A88167; I, MNHN.F.A88168; J, AMPG (IV) 4048, protoconch of juvenile shell. Scale bars: A-I, 1 cm; J; 500 μm." captionText-1="FIG. 4. — Specimens of Conus (Lautoconus) ventricosus rhodesensis n. subsp.from the Pleistocene of Rhodes (Greece),displaying aberrant patterns under natural (A1, A2, A5, A6, B1, B3, B4, B6) and UV (A3, A4, B2, B5) light: A, paratype AMPG (IV) 4053, Tsampika: a pattern of almost continuous spiral lines; B, specimen AMPG (IV) 4060, Malona: a pattern of very dense and small spiral dashes. Scale bars: A1-A5, B1-B5, 1 cm; A6, 500 μm; B6, close up view of B1, not to scale." captionText-2="FIG. 5. — Colour pattern comparison between the extant Conus (Lautoconus) ventricosus complex species (natural light) clades (A, C1-C4) and Conus (Lautoconus) ventricosus rhodesensis n. subsp. from the Pleistocene of Tsampika, Rhodes (Greece) (UV light, inverted colours) (B). Thin dashed lines (A1, B1) include non-fluorescent bands, thick dashed line indicates the included spiral row of dashes. Encircled areas (A2, B2) are non-fluorescent spiral snowflakes in between the spirally arranged dashes. Depiction of five specimens of “Conus ventricosus” mitochondrial clades (green, violet and cyan, the latter divided into red and blue) of Abalde et al. 2023 (C). Note that specimens of the same clade have very different morphological and colour pattern characteristics (C3-C5). A, AMPG (IV) 4033,Artemis,east Attica,Recent,Greece;B, holotype MNHN.F.A88160, Tsampika,Rhodes;C1, BAU_1550.1,Koutsomiti island, Astypalaia,Greece;C2, SC002, Punta Regilione-Marina di Modica,Sicily, Italy; C3, CR18, Kakkos Bay, south-east Crete, Greece; C4, CR23, Kakkos Bay, south-east Crete, Greece; C5, CR009, Plaka, north-west Crete, Greece. Specimen figures C1-C5 from Manuel J. Tenorio and Samuel Abalde. Scale bars: 1 cm." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12780255" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12780257" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12780261" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/12780255/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/12780257/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/12780261/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="429">Figs 3-5</figureCitation>
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)
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–
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, pl. 56, figs 1a-d, 6 (non
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).
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–
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, pl. 56, figs 2a-d (non
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).
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–
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|
||
, pl. 56, figs 3a-d. (non
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCCFCB5FFA6A67BFEE5FA7E31AAFA2B" author="HWASS C. H." box="[283,414,1419,1443]" pageId="8" pageNumber="429" pagination="586 - 757" refId="ref14485" refString="HWASS C. H. 1792. - Cone. Conus, in BRUGUIERE (ed.), Histoire naturelle des Vers. Encyclopedie methodique ou par ordre de matieres. Panckoucke, Paris: 586 - 757." type="book chapter" year="1792">Hwass, 1792</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C347D2CFFFA6A67BFF7AFA4E30CFFA66" pageId="8" pageNumber="429" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE28144FFA6A67BFF7AFA4E30CFFA66" blockId="8.[132,774,1467,1518]" pageId="8" pageNumber="429">
|
||
<smallCapsWord id="8D041798FFA6A67BFF7AFA4E30CAFA5A" baselines="1485,1486" box="[132,254,1468,1491]" lowerCaseFontSize="7" mainFontSize="10" normCase="title" normString="Etymology" pageId="8" pageNumber="429">ETYMOLOGY</smallCapsWord>
|
||
. — From the island of Rhodes, where the species has been found.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C347D2CFFFA6A67BFF7AF9F4346BFE06" pageId="8" pageNumber="429" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE28144FFA6A67BFF7AF9F43335F996" blockId="8.[132,769,1542,1566]" box="[132,769,1542,1566]" pageId="8" pageNumber="429">
|
||
<smallCapsWord id="8D041798FFA6A67BFF7AF9F43081F994" baselines="1559,1560" box="[132,181,1542,1565]" lowerCaseFontSize="7" mainFontSize="10" normCase="title" normString="Type" pageId="8" pageNumber="429">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54E63FE6FFA6A67BFF7AF9F43081F994" box="[132,181,1542,1565]" pageId="8" pageNumber="429">TYPE</typeStatus>
|
||
</smallCapsWord>
|
||
<smallCapsWord id="8D041798FFA6A67BFF42F9F93123F994" baselines="1560" box="[188,279,1547,1564]" lowerCaseFontSize="7" mainFontSize="10" normCase="lower" normString="locality" pageId="8" pageNumber="429">LOCALITY</smallCapsWord>
|
||
. — Tsampika, Tsampika section, Rhodes,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34AC1D4FFA6A67BFD49F9F432C9F996" box="[695,765,1542,1566]" name="Greece" pageId="8" pageNumber="429">Greece</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE28144FFA6A67BFF7AF9C4333CF9C6" blockId="8.[132,776,1590,1614]" box="[132,776,1590,1614]" pageId="8" pageNumber="429">
|
||
<smallCapsWord id="8D041798FFA6A67BFF7AF9C43087F9C4" baselines="1607,1608" box="[132,179,1590,1613]" lowerCaseFontSize="7" mainFontSize="10" normCase="title" normString="Type" pageId="8" pageNumber="429">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54E63FE6FFA6A67BFF7AF9C43087F9C4" box="[132,179,1590,1613]" pageId="8" pageNumber="429">TYPE</typeStatus>
|
||
</smallCapsWord>
|
||
<smallCapsWord id="8D041798FFA6A67BFF49F9C9313AF9C4" baselines="1608" box="[183,270,1595,1612]" lowerCaseFontSize="7" mainFontSize="10" normCase="lower" normString="horizon" pageId="8" pageNumber="429">HORIZON</smallCapsWord>
|
||
. — Ladiko-Tsampika Fm, Pleistocene, Rhodes,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34AC1D4FFA6A67BFD3CF9C43330F9C6" box="[706,772,1590,1614]" name="Greece" pageId="8" pageNumber="429">Greece</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE28144FFA6A67BFF7AF994333DF8BF" blockId="8.[131,777,1638,1848]" pageId="8" pageNumber="429">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B358B19FFA6A67BFF7AF99432A6F93B" collectionCode="MNHN" country="Greece" location="Rhodes" pageId="8" pageNumber="429" specimenCode="MNHN.F.A88160" specimenCount="9" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<smallCapsWord id="8D041798FFA6A67BFF7AF9943081F9F4" baselines="1655,1656" box="[132,181,1638,1661]" lowerCaseFontSize="7" mainFontSize="10" normCase="title" normString="Type" pageId="8" pageNumber="429">TYPE</smallCapsWord>
|
||
<smallCapsWord id="8D041798FFA6A67BFF44F999312CF9F4" baselines="1656" box="[186,280,1643,1660]" lowerCaseFontSize="7" mainFontSize="10" normCase="lower" normString="material" pageId="8" pageNumber="429">MATERIAL</smallCapsWord>
|
||
. —
|
||
<emphasis id="B9295D56FFA6A67BFEBFF99531B1F9F7" bold="true" box="[321,389,1639,1663]" pageId="8" pageNumber="429">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34AC1D4FFA6A67BFEBFF99531B1F9F7" box="[321,389,1639,1663]" name="Greece" pageId="8" pageNumber="429">Greece</collectingCountry>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
•
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D5B4ACDFFA6A67BFE66F994323BF9F6" box="[408,527,1638,1662]" count="9" pageId="8" pageNumber="429" type="generic">9 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
;
|
||
<location id="8E82D79FFFA6A67BFDE9F9943256F9F6" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F43052FFA6A678FF57FBC53332F863:8E82D79FFFA6A67BFDE9F9943256F9F6" box="[535,610,1638,1662]" country="Greece" name="Rhodes" pageId="8" pageNumber="429">Rhodes</location>
|
||
;
|
||
<location id="8E82D79FFFA6A67BFD95F99430AEF910" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F43052FFA6A678FF57FBC53332F863:8E82D79FFFA6A67BFD95F99430AEF910" country="Greece" name="Ladiko-Tsampika" pageId="8" pageNumber="429">Ladiko-Tsampika</location>
|
||
Fm, Tsampika section, TSS block; Lower Pleistocene (Gelasian) to Upper Pleistocene;
|
||
<typeStatus id="54E63FE6FFA6A67BFE94F96931F3F93B" box="[362,455,1691,1715]" pageId="8" pageNumber="429" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
:
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBFB293FFFA6A67BFE2AF96932A6F93B" box="[468,658,1691,1715]" pageId="8" pageNumber="429">MNHN.F.A88160</specimenCode>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B358B19FFA6A67BFD5FF96931A0F945" collectionCode="MNHN" pageId="8" pageNumber="429" specimenCode="MNHN.F.A88161-A88168" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54E63FE6FFA6A67BFD5FF9693330F93B" box="[673,772,1691,1715]" pageId="8" pageNumber="429" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
:
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBFB293FFFA6A67BFF78F94731A0F945" box="[134,404,1717,1741]" pageId="8" pageNumber="429">MNHN.F.A88161-A88168</specimenCode>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
•
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B358B19FFA6A67BFE50F947322EF88A" collectionCode="AMPG" location="Ladiko-Tsampika" pageId="8" pageNumber="429" specimenCode="AMPG (IV) 4048" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D5B4ACDFFA6A67BFE50F9473215F945" box="[430,545,1717,1741]" count="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="429" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
|
||
;
|
||
<location id="8E82D79FFFA6A67BFDD2F94732E3F945" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F43052FFA6A678FF57FBC53332F863:8E82D79FFFA6A67BFDD2F94732E3F945" box="[556,727,1717,1741]" name="Ladiko-Tsampika" pageId="8" pageNumber="429">Ladiko-Tsampika</location>
|
||
Fm, Tsampika section, TSS 2; Lower Pleistocene (Gelasian) to Upper Pleistocene;
|
||
<typeStatus id="54E63FE6FFA6A67BFEFCF919316EF88B" box="[258,346,1771,1795]" pageId="8" pageNumber="429" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
:
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBFB293FFFA6A67BFE9AF918322EF88A" box="[356,538,1770,1794]" pageId="8" pageNumber="429">AMPG (IV) 4048</specimenCode>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
•
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B358B19FFA6A67BFDCDF9183332F8BF" collectionCode="AMPG" location="Ladiko-Tsampika" pageId="8" pageNumber="429" specimenCode="AMPG (IV) 4049-4053" specimenCount="5" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D5B4ACDFFA6A67BFDCDF918329AF88A" box="[563,686,1770,1794]" count="5" pageId="8" pageNumber="429" type="generic">5 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
;
|
||
<location id="8E82D79FFFA6A67BFD44F91830D0F895" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F43052FFA6A678FF57FBC53332F863:8E82D79FFFA6A67BFD44F91830D0F895" name="Ladiko-Tsampika" pageId="8" pageNumber="429">Ladiko-Tsampika</location>
|
||
Fm, Tsampika section, TSS south; Lower Pleistocene (Gelasian) to Upper Pleistocene;
|
||
<typeStatus id="54E63FE6FFA6A67BFE44F8D23223F8B0" box="[442,535,1824,1848]" pageId="8" pageNumber="429" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
:
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBFB293FFFA6A67BFDE0F8ED3332F8BF" box="[542,774,1823,1847]" pageId="8" pageNumber="429">AMPG (IV) 4049-4053</specimenCode>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE28144FFA6A67BFF7AF8BD346BFE06" blockId="8.[130,776,1871,2027]" lastBlockId="8.[813,1456,215,398]" pageId="8" pageNumber="429">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B358B19FFA6A67BFF7AF8BD3081F814" collectionCode="AMPG" country="Greece" location="Rhodes" pageId="8" pageNumber="429" specimenCode="AMPG (IV) 4034- 4047" specimenCount="14">
|
||
<smallCapsWord id="8D041798FFA6A67BFF7AF8BD30FFF8ED" baselines="1889,1889" box="[132,203,1871,1895]" lowerCaseFontSize="7" mainFontSize="10" normCase="title" normString="Other" pageId="8" pageNumber="429">OTHER</smallCapsWord>
|
||
<smallCapsWord id="8D041798FFA6A67BFF2DF8A73105F8EE" baselines="1890" box="[211,305,1877,1894]" lowerCaseFontSize="7" mainFontSize="10" normCase="lower" normString="material" pageId="8" pageNumber="429">MATERIAL</smallCapsWord>
|
||
<smallCapsWord id="8D041798FFA6A67BFEC6F8A731A8F8EE" baselines="1890" box="[312,412,1877,1894]" lowerCaseFontSize="7" mainFontSize="10" normCase="lower" normString="examined" pageId="8" pageNumber="429">EXAMINED</smallCapsWord>
|
||
. —
|
||
<emphasis id="B9295D56FFA6A67BFE34F8A3323AF8E1" bold="true" box="[458,526,1873,1897]" pageId="8" pageNumber="429">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34AC1D4FFA6A67BFE34F8A3323AF8E1" box="[458,526,1873,1897]" name="Greece" pageId="8" pageNumber="429">Greece</collectingCountry>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
•
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D5B4ACDFFA6A67BFDD8F8BD3299F8EF" box="[550,685,1871,1895]" count="14" pageId="8" pageNumber="429" type="generic">14 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
;
|
||
<location id="8E82D79FFFA6A67BFD46F8BD3330F8EF" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F43052FFA6A678FF57FBC53332F863:8E82D79FFFA6A67BFD46F8BD3330F8EF" box="[696,772,1871,1895]" country="Greece" name="Rhodes" pageId="8" pageNumber="429">Rhodes</location>
|
||
;
|
||
<location id="8E82D79FFFA6A67BFF7BF89B3163F809" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F43052FFA6A678FF57FBC53332F863:8E82D79FFFA6A67BFF7BF89B3163F809" box="[133,343,1897,1921]" country="Greece" municipality="Tsampika" name="Ladiko-Tsampika Fm" pageId="8" pageNumber="429">Ladiko-Tsampika Fm</location>
|
||
, Tsampika section, TSS 2;
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBFB293FFFA6A67BFDADF8983081F814" pageId="8" pageNumber="429">AMPG (IV) 4034- 4047</specimenCode>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
•
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B358B19FFA6A67BFF39F8763118F859" collectionCode="AMPG" location="Rhodes" pageId="8" pageNumber="429" specimenCode="AMPG (IV) 4054, 4055" specimenCount="2">
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D5B4ACDFFA6A67BFF39F876310DF814" box="[199,313,1924,1948]" count="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="429" type="generic">2 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
;
|
||
<location id="8E82D79FFFA6A67BFEBEF87631BDF814" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F43052FFA6A678FF57FBC53332F863:8E82D79FFFA6A67BFEBEF87631BDF814" box="[320,393,1924,1948]" country="Greece" name="Rhodes" pageId="8" pageNumber="429">Rhodes</location>
|
||
;
|
||
<location id="8E82D79FFFA6A67BFE6EF876326EF813" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F43052FFA6A678FF57FBC53332F863:8E82D79FFFA6A67BFE6EF876326EF813" box="[400,602,1924,1948]" country="Greece" municipality="Tsampika" name="Ladiko-Tsampika Fm" pageId="8" pageNumber="429">Ladiko-Tsampika Fm</location>
|
||
, Tsampika section, TSS 3; Lower Pleistocene (Gelasian) to Upper Pleistocene;
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBFB293FFFA6A67BFD43F86D3118F859" pageId="8" pageNumber="429">AMPG (IV) 4054, 4055</specimenCode>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
•
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B358B19FFA6A67BFEB9F84B34A9FF67" collectionCode="AMPG" location="Rhodes" pageId="8" pageNumber="429" specimenCode="AMPG (IV) 4056, 4057" specimenCount="2">
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D5B4ACDFFA6A67BFEB9F84B31F0F859" box="[327,452,1977,2001]" count="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="429" type="generic">2 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
;
|
||
<location id="8E82D79FFFA6A67BFE2EF84B3229F859" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F43052FFA6A678FF57FBC53332F863:8E82D79FFFA6A67BFE2EF84B3229F859" box="[464,541,1977,2001]" country="Greece" name="Rhodes" pageId="8" pageNumber="429">Rhodes</location>
|
||
;
|
||
<location id="8E82D79FFFA6A67BFDD7F84B3337F858" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F43052FFA6A678FF57FBC53332F863:8E82D79FFFA6A67BFDD7F84B3337F858" box="[553,771,1977,2001]" country="Greece" municipality="Tsampika" name="Ladiko-Tsampika Fm" pageId="8" pageNumber="429">Ladiko-Tsampika Fm</location>
|
||
, Tsampika section, TSS 1; Lower Pleistocene (Gelasian) to Upper Pleistocene;
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBFB293FFFA6A67BFC56FF2534A9FF67" box="[936,1181,215,239]" pageId="8" pageNumber="429">AMPG (IV) 4056, 4057</specimenCode>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
•
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B358B19FFA6A67BFB4DFF25346AFEAC" collectionCode="MNHN" location="Rhodes" pageId="8" pageNumber="429" specimenCode="MNHN.F.A90344" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D5B4ACDFFA6A67BFB4DFF253512FF67" box="[1203,1318,215,239]" count="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="429" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
|
||
;
|
||
<location id="8E82D79FFFA6A67BFACEFF253548FF67" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F43052FFA6A678FF57FBC53332F863:8E82D79FFFA6A67BFACEFF253548FF67" box="[1328,1404,215,239]" country="Greece" name="Rhodes" pageId="8" pageNumber="429">Rhodes</location>
|
||
;
|
||
<location id="8E82D79FFFA6A67BFA79FF253348FE81" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F43052FFA6A678FF57FBC53332F863:8E82D79FFFA6A67BFA79FF253348FE81" country="Greece" name="Kritika Fm" pageId="8" pageNumber="429">Kritika Fm</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="8E82D79FFFA6A67BFC79FF03341EFE81" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F43052FFA6A678FF57FBC53332F863:8E82D79FFFA6A67BFC79FF03341EFE81" box="[903,1066,241,265]" name="Kritika Hospital" pageId="8" pageNumber="429">Kritika Hospital</location>
|
||
; Lower Pleistocene (Gelasian) to Upper Pleistocene;
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBFB293FFFA6A67BFC5BFEFE346AFEAC" box="[933,1118,268,292]" pageId="8" pageNumber="429">MNHN.F.A90344</specimenCode>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
•
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B358B19FFA6A67BFB8DFEFE34FAFED1" collectionCode="MNHN" location="Rhodes" pageId="8" pageNumber="429" specimenCode="MNHN.F.A90343" specimenCount="104">
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D5B4ACDFFA6A67BFB8DFEFE3531FEAC" box="[1139,1285,268,292]" count="104" pageId="8" pageNumber="429" type="generic">104 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
;
|
||
<location id="8E82D79FFFA6A67BFAF0FEFE356EFEAC" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F43052FFA6A678FF57FBC53332F863:8E82D79FFFA6A67BFAF0FEFE356EFEAC" box="[1294,1370,268,292]" country="Greece" name="Rhodes" pageId="8" pageNumber="429">Rhodes</location>
|
||
;
|
||
<location id="8E82D79FFFA6A67BFA9DFEFE3382FEB6" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F43052FFA6A678FF57FBC53332F863:8E82D79FFFA6A67BFA9DFEFE3382FEB6" country="Greece" name="Ladiko-Tsampika Fm" pageId="8" pageNumber="429">Ladiko-Tsampika Fm</location>
|
||
, Tsampika section; Lower Pleistocene (Gelasian) to Upper Pleistocene
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBFB293FFFA6A67BFC1AFEB334AAFED1" box="[996,1182,321,345]" pageId="8" pageNumber="429">MNHN.F.A90343</specimenCode>
|
||
(lot)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
•
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B358B19FFA6A67BFB1BFEB3346FFE06" collectionCode="AMPG" county="Malona" location="Rhodes" pageId="8" pageNumber="429" specimenCode="AMPG (IV) 4060" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D5B4ACDFFA6A67BFB1BFEB33562FED1" box="[1253,1366,321,345]" count="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="429" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
|
||
;
|
||
<location id="8E82D79FFFA6A67BFA9EFEB33598FED1" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F43052FFA6A678FF57FBC53332F863:8E82D79FFFA6A67BFA9EFEB33598FED1" box="[1376,1452,321,345]" country="Greece" county="Malona" name="Rhodes" pageId="8" pageNumber="429">Rhodes</location>
|
||
;
|
||
<location id="8E82D79FFFA6A67BFCD3FEA933FBFEFB" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F43052FFA6A678FF57FBC53332F863:8E82D79FFFA6A67BFCD3FEA933FBFEFB" box="[813,975,347,371]" country="Greece" county="Malona" name="Archangelos Fm" pageId="8" pageNumber="429">Archangelos Fm</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCounty id="6283F9C8FFA6A67BFC24FEA9341CFEFB" box="[986,1064,347,371]" pageId="8" pageNumber="429">Malona</collectingCounty>
|
||
; Lower Pleistocene (Gelasian) to Upper Pleistocene;
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBFB293FFFA6A67BFC59FE84346FFE06" box="[935,1115,374,398]" pageId="8" pageNumber="429">AMPG (IV) 4060</specimenCode>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C347D2CFFFA6A67BFCD3FE573594FE50" pageId="8" pageNumber="429" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE28144FFA6A67BFCD3FE573594FE50" blockId="8.[812,1455,421,472]" pageId="8" pageNumber="429">
|
||
<smallCapsWord id="8D041798FFA6A67BFCD3FE5733F0FE34" baselines="439,440" box="[813,964,421,445]" lowerCaseFontSize="7" mainFontSize="10" normCase="title" normString="Stratigraphic" pageId="8" pageNumber="429">STRATIGRAPHIC</smallCapsWord>
|
||
<smallCapsWord id="8D041798FFA6A67BFC34FE59343EFE34" baselines="440" box="[970,1034,427,444]" lowerCaseFontSize="7" mainFontSize="10" normCase="lower" normString="range" pageId="8" pageNumber="429">RANGE</smallCapsWord>
|
||
. — Gelasian (Lower Pleistocene) to Upper Pleistocene of Rhodes,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34AC1D4FFA6A67BFBF1FE323466FE50" box="[1039,1106,448,472]" name="Greece" pageId="8" pageNumber="429">Greece</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCCFCB5FFA6A67BFB9EFE32351DFE50" author="CHIRLI C. & LINSE U." box="[1120,1321,448,472]" pageId="8" pageNumber="429" refId="ref13061" refString="CHIRLI C. & LINSE U. 2011. - The Pleistocene Marine Gastropods of Rhodes Island (Greece). Verlag Documenta Naturae, 447 p." type="book" year="2011">Chirli & Linse 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; this work).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C347D2CFFFA6A67BFCD3FE053436FAC5" pageId="8" pageNumber="429" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE28144FFA6A67BFCD3FE053389FD87" blockId="8.[811,1458,503,911]" box="[813,957,503,529]" pageId="8" pageNumber="429">
|
||
<smallCapsWord id="8D041798FFA6A67BFCD3FE053389FD87" baselines="522,522" box="[813,957,503,529]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="11" normCase="title" normString="Description" pageId="8" pageNumber="429">DESCRIPTION</smallCapsWord>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE28144FFA6A67BFCD3FDE4336BFDB8" blockId="8.[811,1458,503,911]" box="[813,863,534,560]" pageId="8" pageNumber="429">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9295D56FFA6A67BFCD3FDE4336BFDB8" box="[813,863,534,560]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="429">Shell</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE28144FFA6A67BFCD3FDC433CDFC07" blockId="8.[811,1458,503,911]" pageId="8" pageNumber="429">
|
||
Small to moderately-sized shells (maximum length of about
|
||
<quantity id="4CA52CA1FFA6A67BFCD3FDA433A0FDF8" box="[813,916,598,625]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.57" pageId="8" pageNumber="429" unit="mm" value="25.7">25.7 mm</quantity>
|
||
), with conical spire of variable height. Spire whorl outline slightly concave to slightly convex. Early spire whorls conical with spiral grooves on sutural ramps. Later spire whorls conical, straight to slightly convex, with occasional spiral grooves on sutural ramp, sometimes slightly striated to elevated. Shoulder angulated to smooth, with maximum diameter on shoulder to just below shoulder. Subsutural flexure shallow, moderately curved, nearly symmetrical. Spiral grooves and cords along the last whorl, intense at anterior third of last whorl.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE28144FFA6A67BFCD3FC4733F1FC46" blockId="8.[813,965,949,975]" box="[813,965,949,975]" pageId="8" pageNumber="429">
|
||
<heading id="D0AA3628FFA6A67BFCD3FC4733F1FC46" box="[813,965,949,975]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="429" reason="8">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9295D56FFA6A67BFCD3FC4733F1FC46" box="[813,965,949,975]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="429">Colour pattern</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE28144FFA6A67BFCD3FC263436FAC5" blockId="8.[811,1457,980,1357]" pageId="8" pageNumber="429">
|
||
Colour pattern of the spire whorls consists of one level of pigmentation of broad axial to thin flammulae. The pattern on the shoulder consists of a non-fluorescent band at carina. The axial flammulae levels of pigmentation of the spire whorls rarely overlap the non-fluorescent band (E3). The colour pattern on the last whorl consists of spiral rows of dashes, of variable length (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13669DC1FFA6A67BFC04FB66340DFB26" box="[1018,1081,1172,1198]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="10.[132,143,1069,1086]" captionTargetBox="[227,1373,206,1041]" captionTargetId="figure-523@10.[793,1362,213,756]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIG. 4. — Specimens of Conus (Lautoconus) ventricosus rhodesensis n. subsp.from the Pleistocene of Rhodes (Greece),displaying aberrant patterns under natural (A1, A2, A5, A6, B1, B3, B4, B6) and UV (A3, A4, B2, B5) light: A, paratype AMPG (IV) 4053, Tsampika: a pattern of almost continuous spiral lines; B, specimen AMPG (IV) 4060, Malona: a pattern of very dense and small spiral dashes. Scale bars: A1-A5, B1-B5, 1 cm; A6, 500 μm; B6, close up view of B1, not to scale." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12780257" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12780257/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="429">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
), alternating with non-fluorescent dots. Fluorescent bands exist in different heights and widths. Usually there is one band in the middle whorl and one in the anterior part of the last whorl, separated by a non-fluorescent band. In this fluorescent band, the spiral rows of dashes are less long and dense.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C347D2CFFFA6A678FCD3FA863332F863" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="432" pageId="8" pageNumber="429" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE28144FFA6A67BFCD3FA8633A5FA04" blockId="8.[811,1457,1396,2028]" box="[813,913,1396,1422]" pageId="8" pageNumber="429">
|
||
<smallCapsWord id="8D041798FFA6A67BFCD3FA8633A5FA04" baselines="1415,1415" box="[813,913,1396,1422]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="11" normCase="title" normString="Remarks" pageId="8" pageNumber="429">REMARKS</smallCapsWord>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE28144FFA6A67BFCD3FA6634D6F9E4" blockId="8.[811,1457,1396,2028]" pageId="8" pageNumber="429">
|
||
We have examined
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D5B4ACDFFA6A67BFC02FA6134AAFA25" box="[1020,1182,1427,1453]" count="140" pageId="8" pageNumber="429" type="generic">140 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
. This group shows a great morphological diversity, as there are both shells with elevated spires and low spired ones and the spiral whorls can be striated or smooth (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13669DC1FFA6A67BFC57FA0133D1F985" box="[937,997,1523,1549]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="9.[132,143,1940,1957]" captionTargetBox="[132,1456,222,1873]" captionTargetId="figure-15@9.[132,1456,215,1845]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIG. 3. — Conus (Lautoconus) ventricosus rhodesensisn.subsp.from the Pleistocene of Tsampika,Rhodes (Greece) under natural (A1, A2, A4, A5, B1, B2, B4, C1, C2, C4, D1, D2, D4, D6, E1, E2, E4, F1, F2, F4, G1-G4, H1, H2, I1, I2, I4, J) and UV (A3, B3, B5, C3, D3, D5, E3, F3, F4, I3) light: A, holotype MNHN.F.A88160; B-J, paratypes;B, MNHN.F.A88161; C, MNHN.F.A88162; D, MNHN.F.A88163; E, MNHN.F.A88164; F, MNHN.F.A88165; G, MNHN.F.A88166; H, MNHN.F.A88167; I, MNHN.F.A88168; J, AMPG (IV) 4048, protoconch of juvenile shell. Scale bars: A-I, 1 cm; J; 500 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12780255" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12780255/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="429">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
). Nevertheless, the residual colour patterns are similar in all specimens studied. There are some specimens (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13669DC1FFA6A67BFCC8F9C03340F9C5" box="[822,884,1586,1613]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="10.[132,143,1069,1086]" captionTargetBox="[227,1373,206,1041]" captionTargetId="figure-523@10.[793,1362,213,756]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIG. 4. — Specimens of Conus (Lautoconus) ventricosus rhodesensis n. subsp.from the Pleistocene of Rhodes (Greece),displaying aberrant patterns under natural (A1, A2, A5, A6, B1, B3, B4, B6) and UV (A3, A4, B2, B5) light: A, paratype AMPG (IV) 4053, Tsampika: a pattern of almost continuous spiral lines; B, specimen AMPG (IV) 4060, Malona: a pattern of very dense and small spiral dashes. Scale bars: A1-A5, B1-B5, 1 cm; A6, 500 μm; B6, close up view of B1, not to scale." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12780257" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12780257/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="429">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
) with aberrant colour patterns, but we provisionally consider them as intraspecific variations.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE28144FFA6A679FCBDF9803150FA86" blockId="8.[811,1457,1396,2028]" lastBlockId="10.[130,776,1204,2028]" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="431" pageId="8" pageNumber="429">
|
||
Recently,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCCFCB5FFA6A67BFC51F98034BFF904" author="ABALDE S. & CROCETTA F. & TENORIO M. J. & D'ANIELLO S. & FASSIO G. & RODRIGUEZ-FLORES P. C. & URIBE J. E. & AFONSO C. M. L. & OLIVERIO M. & ZARDOYA R." box="[943,1163,1650,1676]" pageId="8" pageNumber="429" refId="ref11418" refString="ABALDE S., CROCETTA F., TENORIO M. J., D'ANIELLO S., FASSIO G., RODRIGUEZ-FLORES P. C., URIBE J. E., AFONSO C. M. L., OLIVERIO M. & ZARDOYA R. 2023. - Hidden species diversity and mito-nuclear discordance within the Mediterranean cone snail, Lautoconus ventricosus. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 186: 107838. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ympev. 2023.107838" type="journal volume" year="2023">
|
||
Abalde
|
||
<emphasis id="B9295D56FFA6A67BFBFDF981340CF904" box="[1027,1080,1650,1676]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="429">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2023)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
found evidence of at least three mitochondrial ‘
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5DFAC7FFA6A67BFBE7F96134E7F924" authorityName="" Gmelin" authorityYear="1791" box="[1049,1235,1683,1709]" class="Gastropoda" family="Conidae" genus="Conus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="8" pageNumber="429" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="ventricosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9295D56FFA6A67BFBE7F96134E7F924" box="[1049,1235,1683,1709]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="429">Conus ventricosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
’ clades corresponding to three cryptic species. They (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCCFCB5FFA6A67BFB59F9403545F944" author="ABALDE S. & CROCETTA F. & TENORIO M. J. & D'ANIELLO S. & FASSIO G. & RODRIGUEZ-FLORES P. C. & URIBE J. E. & AFONSO C. M. L. & OLIVERIO M. & ZARDOYA R." box="[1191,1393,1714,1740]" pageId="8" pageNumber="429" refId="ref11418" refString="ABALDE S., CROCETTA F., TENORIO M. J., D'ANIELLO S., FASSIO G., RODRIGUEZ-FLORES P. C., URIBE J. E., AFONSO C. M. L., OLIVERIO M. & ZARDOYA R. 2023. - Hidden species diversity and mito-nuclear discordance within the Mediterranean cone snail, Lautoconus ventricosus. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 186: 107838. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ympev. 2023.107838" type="journal volume" year="2023">
|
||
Abalde
|
||
<emphasis id="B9295D56FFA6A67BFB05F9413504F944" box="[1275,1328,1714,1740]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="429">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2023
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) provisionally named those clades based on the colours used on their analyses (with the main clades being green, violet, cyan), with the ‘green’ and ‘cyan’ clades being present today in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34AC1D4FFA6A67BFCB5F8C033ADF8C4" box="[843,921,1842,1868]" name="Greece" pageId="8" pageNumber="429">Greece</collectingCountry>
|
||
, while the ‘violet’ clade is present in central and western Mediterranean (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCCFCB5FFA6A67BFBC7F8A33536F8E4" author="ABALDE S. & CROCETTA F. & TENORIO M. J. & D'ANIELLO S. & FASSIO G. & RODRIGUEZ-FLORES P. C. & URIBE J. E. & AFONSO C. M. L. & OLIVERIO M. & ZARDOYA R." box="[1081,1282,1873,1900]" pageId="8" pageNumber="429" refId="ref11418" refString="ABALDE S., CROCETTA F., TENORIO M. J., D'ANIELLO S., FASSIO G., RODRIGUEZ-FLORES P. C., URIBE J. E., AFONSO C. M. L., OLIVERIO M. & ZARDOYA R. 2023. - Hidden species diversity and mito-nuclear discordance within the Mediterranean cone snail, Lautoconus ventricosus. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 186: 107838. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ympev. 2023.107838" type="journal volume" year="2023">
|
||
Abalde
|
||
<emphasis id="B9295D56FFA6A67BFB72F8A034F4F8E3" box="[1164,1216,1873,1899]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="429">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2023
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) (see colours in
|
||
<figureCitation id="13669DC1FFA6A67BFCD3F883335EF804" box="[813,874,1905,1932]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="11.[132,143,1543,1560]" captionTargetBox="[209,1361,201,1509]" captionTargetId="figure-136@11.[225,794,764,1317]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIG. 5. — Colour pattern comparison between the extant Conus (Lautoconus) ventricosus complex species (natural light) clades (A, C1-C4) and Conus (Lautoconus) ventricosus rhodesensis n. subsp. from the Pleistocene of Tsampika, Rhodes (Greece) (UV light, inverted colours) (B). Thin dashed lines (A1, B1) include non-fluorescent bands, thick dashed line indicates the included spiral row of dashes. Encircled areas (A2, B2) are non-fluorescent spiral snowflakes in between the spirally arranged dashes. Depiction of five specimens of “Conus ventricosus” mitochondrial clades (green, violet and cyan, the latter divided into red and blue) of Abalde et al. 2023 (C). Note that specimens of the same clade have very different morphological and colour pattern characteristics (C3-C5). A, AMPG (IV) 4033,Artemis,east Attica,Recent,Greece;B, holotype MNHN.F.A88160, Tsampika,Rhodes;C1, BAU_1550.1,Koutsomiti island, Astypalaia,Greece;C2, SC002, Punta Regilione-Marina di Modica,Sicily, Italy; C3, CR18, Kakkos Bay, south-east Crete, Greece; C4, CR23, Kakkos Bay, south-east Crete, Greece; C5, CR009, Plaka, north-west Crete, Greece. Specimen figures C1-C5 from Manuel J. Tenorio and Samuel Abalde. Scale bars: 1 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12780261" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12780261/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="429">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
). The likelihood of many cryptic species in the Mediterranean specimens (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCCFCB5FFA6A67BFBEDF86334E8F823" author="TENORIO M. J. & ABALDE S. & PARDOS BLAS J. & ZARDOYA R." box="[1043,1244,1937,1963]" pageId="8" pageNumber="429" pagination="1 - 89" refId="ref18669" refString="TENORIO M. J., ABALDE S., PARDOS BLAS J. & ZARDOYA R. 2020. - Taxonomic revision of West African cone snails (Gastropoda: Conidae) based upon mitogenomic studies: implications for conservation. European Journal of Taxonomy 663: 1 - 89. https: // doi. org / 10.5852 / ejt. 2020.663" type="journal article" year="2020">
|
||
Tenorio
|
||
<emphasis id="B9295D56FFA6A67BFB93F86034ABF823" box="[1133,1183,1937,1963]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="429">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2020
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCCFCB5FFA6A67BFB16F8633593F823" author="ABALDE S. & CROCETTA F. & TENORIO M. J. & D'ANIELLO S. & FASSIO G. & RODRIGUEZ-FLORES P. C. & URIBE J. E. & AFONSO C. M. L. & OLIVERIO M. & ZARDOYA R." box="[1256,1447,1937,1963]" pageId="8" pageNumber="429" refId="ref11418" refString="ABALDE S., CROCETTA F., TENORIO M. J., D'ANIELLO S., FASSIO G., RODRIGUEZ-FLORES P. C., URIBE J. E., AFONSO C. M. L., OLIVERIO M. & ZARDOYA R. 2023. - Hidden species diversity and mito-nuclear discordance within the Mediterranean cone snail, Lautoconus ventricosus. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 186: 107838. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ympev. 2023.107838" type="journal volume" year="2023">
|
||
Abalde
|
||
<emphasis id="B9295D56FFA6A67BFAC6F860355EF823" box="[1336,1386,1937,1963]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="429">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2023
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) is evidenced by mitochondrial studies, but the morphology and colour pattern characteristics of those clades remain unclarified, since specimens of the same lineage present greatly diversified morphology and pattern variations (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13669DC1FFA4A679FD88FB2632F1FB66" box="[630,709,1235,1262]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="11.[132,143,1543,1560]" captionTargetBox="[209,1361,201,1509]" captionTargetId="figure-136@11.[225,794,764,1317]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIG. 5. — Colour pattern comparison between the extant Conus (Lautoconus) ventricosus complex species (natural light) clades (A, C1-C4) and Conus (Lautoconus) ventricosus rhodesensis n. subsp. from the Pleistocene of Tsampika, Rhodes (Greece) (UV light, inverted colours) (B). Thin dashed lines (A1, B1) include non-fluorescent bands, thick dashed line indicates the included spiral row of dashes. Encircled areas (A2, B2) are non-fluorescent spiral snowflakes in between the spirally arranged dashes. Depiction of five specimens of “Conus ventricosus” mitochondrial clades (green, violet and cyan, the latter divided into red and blue) of Abalde et al. 2023 (C). Note that specimens of the same clade have very different morphological and colour pattern characteristics (C3-C5). A, AMPG (IV) 4033,Artemis,east Attica,Recent,Greece;B, holotype MNHN.F.A88160, Tsampika,Rhodes;C1, BAU_1550.1,Koutsomiti island, Astypalaia,Greece;C2, SC002, Punta Regilione-Marina di Modica,Sicily, Italy; C3, CR18, Kakkos Bay, south-east Crete, Greece; C4, CR23, Kakkos Bay, south-east Crete, Greece; C5, CR009, Plaka, north-west Crete, Greece. Specimen figures C1-C5 from Manuel J. Tenorio and Samuel Abalde. Scale bars: 1 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12780261" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12780261/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="431">Fig. 5C</figureCitation>
|
||
<figureCitation id="13669DC1FFA4A679FD38FB2632C4FB66" box="[710,752,1236,1262]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="10.[132,143,1069,1086]" captionTargetBox="[227,1373,206,1041]" captionTargetId="figure-523@10.[793,1362,213,756]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIG. 4. — Specimens of Conus (Lautoconus) ventricosus rhodesensis n. subsp.from the Pleistocene of Rhodes (Greece),displaying aberrant patterns under natural (A1, A2, A5, A6, B1, B3, B4, B6) and UV (A3, A4, B2, B5) light: A, paratype AMPG (IV) 4053, Tsampika: a pattern of almost continuous spiral lines; B, specimen AMPG (IV) 4060, Malona: a pattern of very dense and small spiral dashes. Scale bars: A1-A5, B1-B5, 1 cm; A6, 500 μm; B6, close up view of B1, not to scale." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12780257" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12780257/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="431">4-C</figureCitation>
|
||
<figureCitation id="13669DC1FFA4A679FD0EFB2132CAFB66" box="[752,766,1235,1262]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="11.[132,143,1543,1560]" captionTargetBox="[209,1361,201,1509]" captionTargetId="figure-136@11.[225,794,764,1317]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIG. 5. — Colour pattern comparison between the extant Conus (Lautoconus) ventricosus complex species (natural light) clades (A, C1-C4) and Conus (Lautoconus) ventricosus rhodesensis n. subsp. from the Pleistocene of Tsampika, Rhodes (Greece) (UV light, inverted colours) (B). Thin dashed lines (A1, B1) include non-fluorescent bands, thick dashed line indicates the included spiral row of dashes. Encircled areas (A2, B2) are non-fluorescent spiral snowflakes in between the spirally arranged dashes. Depiction of five specimens of “Conus ventricosus” mitochondrial clades (green, violet and cyan, the latter divided into red and blue) of Abalde et al. 2023 (C). Note that specimens of the same clade have very different morphological and colour pattern characteristics (C3-C5). A, AMPG (IV) 4033,Artemis,east Attica,Recent,Greece;B, holotype MNHN.F.A88160, Tsampika,Rhodes;C1, BAU_1550.1,Koutsomiti island, Astypalaia,Greece;C2, SC002, Punta Regilione-Marina di Modica,Sicily, Italy; C3, CR18, Kakkos Bay, south-east Crete, Greece; C4, CR23, Kakkos Bay, south-east Crete, Greece; C5, CR009, Plaka, north-west Crete, Greece. Specimen figures C1-C5 from Manuel J. Tenorio and Samuel Abalde. Scale bars: 1 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12780261" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12780261/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="431">5</figureCitation>
|
||
) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCCFCB5FFA4A679FF73FB013161FA86" author="ABALDE S. & CROCETTA F. & TENORIO M. J. & D'ANIELLO S. & FASSIO G. & RODRIGUEZ-FLORES P. C. & URIBE J. E. & AFONSO C. M. L. & OLIVERIO M. & ZARDOYA R." box="[141,341,1267,1294]" pageId="10" pageNumber="431" refId="ref11418" refString="ABALDE S., CROCETTA F., TENORIO M. J., D'ANIELLO S., FASSIO G., RODRIGUEZ-FLORES P. C., URIBE J. E., AFONSO C. M. L., OLIVERIO M. & ZARDOYA R. 2023. - Hidden species diversity and mito-nuclear discordance within the Mediterranean cone snail, Lautoconus ventricosus. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 186: 107838. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ympev. 2023.107838" type="journal volume" year="2023">
|
||
Abalde
|
||
<emphasis id="B9295D56FFA4A679FF1EFB063120FA85" box="[224,276,1267,1293]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="431">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2023
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF22D1CCFFA7A67AFF7AF86633E5F861" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12780255" ID-Zenodo-Dep="12780255" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12780255/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="430" startId="9.[132,143,1940,1957]" targetBox="[132,1456,222,1873]" targetPageId="9" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE28144FFA7A67AFF7AF86633E5F861" blockId="9.[132,1455,1940,2025]" pageId="9" pageNumber="430">
|
||
<smallCapsWord id="8D041798FFA7A67AFF7AF86630A9F82C" baselines="1953,1953" box="[132,157,1940,1957]" lowerCaseFontSize="5" mainFontSize="7" normCase="title" normString="Fig" pageId="9" pageNumber="430">FIG</smallCapsWord>
|
||
. 3. —
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5DFAC7FFA7A67AFF2FF8663274F82D" authorityName="Psarras & Merle & Moissette & Koskeridou" authorityYear="2024" box="[209,576,1940,1957]" class="Gastropoda" family="Conidae" genus="Conus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="9" pageNumber="430" phylum="Mollusca" rank="subSpecies" species="ventricosus" status="subsp. nov." subGenus="Lautoconus" subSpecies="rhodesensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9295D56FFA7A67AFF2FF8663133F82D" box="[209,263,1940,1957]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="430">Conus</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B9295D56FFA7A67AFEEEF8663145F82D" box="[272,369,1940,1957]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="430">Lautoconus</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="B9295D56FFA7A67AFE84F8663274F82D" box="[378,576,1940,1957]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="430">ventricosus rhodesensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21AE02DFFA7A67AFDBCF86632BBF82D" box="[578,655,1940,1957]" pageId="9" pageNumber="430" rank="subSpecies">
|
||
n.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5DFAC7FFA7A67AFDABF86632BBF82D" box="[597,655,1940,1957]" pageId="9" pageNumber="430" rank="subSpecies" subSpecies="from">subsp.</taxonomicName>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
from the Pleistocene of Tsampika,Rhodes (Greece) under natural (
|
||
<emphasis id="B9295D56FFA7A67AFB4EF86634F3F82D" bold="true" box="[1200,1223,1940,1957]" pageId="9" pageNumber="430">A1</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B9295D56FFA7A67AFB2EF86634D3F82D" bold="true" box="[1232,1255,1940,1957]" pageId="9" pageNumber="430">A2</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B9295D56FFA7A67AFB0EF8663533F82D" bold="true" box="[1264,1287,1940,1957]" pageId="9" pageNumber="430">A4</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B9295D56FFA7A67AFAEEF866351CF82D" bold="true" box="[1296,1320,1940,1957]" pageId="9" pageNumber="430">A5</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B9295D56FFA7A67AFACEF866357CF82D" bold="true" box="[1328,1352,1940,1957]" pageId="9" pageNumber="430">B1</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B9295D56FFA7A67AFAAFF866355DF82D" bold="true" box="[1361,1385,1940,1957]" pageId="9" pageNumber="430">B2</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B9295D56FFA7A67AFA8FF86635BDF82D" bold="true" box="[1393,1417,1940,1957]" pageId="9" pageNumber="430">B4</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B9295D56FFA7A67AFA6CF866359EF82D" bold="true" box="[1426,1450,1940,1957]" pageId="9" pageNumber="430">C1</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B9295D56FFA7A67AFF7AF85930A8F834" bold="true" box="[132,156,1963,1980]" pageId="9" pageNumber="430">C2</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B9295D56FFA7A67AFF59F859308BF834" bold="true" box="[167,191,1963,1980]" pageId="9" pageNumber="430">C4</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B9295D56FFA7A67AFF37F85930D5F834" bold="true" box="[201,225,1963,1980]" pageId="9" pageNumber="430">D1</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B9295D56FFA7A67AFF15F8593130F834" bold="true" box="[235,260,1963,1980]" pageId="9" pageNumber="430">D2</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B9295D56FFA7A67AFEF0F8593112F834" bold="true" box="[270,294,1963,1980]" pageId="9" pageNumber="430">D4</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B9295D56FFA7A67AFECEF859317DF834" bold="true" box="[304,329,1963,1980]" pageId="9" pageNumber="430">D6</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B9295D56FFA7A67AFEADF859315DF834" bold="true" box="[339,361,1963,1980]" pageId="9" pageNumber="430">E1</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B9295D56FFA7A67AFE8DF85931BEF834" bold="true" box="[371,394,1963,1980]" pageId="9" pageNumber="430">E2</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B9295D56FFA7A67AFE6AF859319FF834" bold="true" box="[404,427,1963,1980]" pageId="9" pageNumber="430">E4</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B9295D56FFA7A67AFE4BF85931FEF834" bold="true" box="[437,458,1963,1980]" pageId="9" pageNumber="430">F1</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B9295D56FFA7A67AFE2AF85931DDF834" bold="true" box="[468,489,1963,1980]" pageId="9" pageNumber="430">F2</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B9295D56FFA7A67AFE0AF859323EF834" bold="true" box="[500,522,1963,1980]" pageId="9" pageNumber="430">F4</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B9295D56FFA7A67AFDEAF8593279F834" bold="true" box="[532,589,1963,1980]" pageId="9" pageNumber="430">G1-G4</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B9295D56FFA7A67AFDA8F859325AF834" bold="true" box="[598,622,1963,1980]" pageId="9" pageNumber="430">H1</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B9295D56FFA7A67AFD87F85932A5F834" bold="true" box="[633,657,1963,1980]" pageId="9" pageNumber="430">H2</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B9295D56FFA7A67AFD65F859329FF834" bold="true" box="[667,683,1963,1980]" pageId="9" pageNumber="430">I1</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B9295D56FFA7A67AFD4BF85932F1F834" bold="true" box="[693,709,1963,1980]" pageId="9" pageNumber="430">I2</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B9295D56FFA7A67AFD31F85932EBF834" bold="true" box="[719,735,1963,1980]" pageId="9" pageNumber="430">I4</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B9295D56FFA7A67AFD17F85932C7F834" bold="true" box="[745,755,1963,1980]" pageId="9" pageNumber="430">J</emphasis>
|
||
) and UV (
|
||
<emphasis id="B9295D56FFA7A67AFCBBF8593368F834" bold="true" box="[837,860,1963,1980]" pageId="9" pageNumber="430">A3</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B9295D56FFA7A67AFC98F859334AF834" bold="true" box="[870,894,1963,1980]" pageId="9" pageNumber="430">B3</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B9295D56FFA7A67AFC76F8593394F834" bold="true" box="[904,928,1963,1980]" pageId="9" pageNumber="430">B5</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B9295D56FFA7A67AFC54F85933F5F834" bold="true" box="[938,961,1963,1980]" pageId="9" pageNumber="430">C3</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B9295D56FFA7A67AFC32F85933D0F834" bold="true" box="[972,996,1963,1980]" pageId="9" pageNumber="430">D3</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B9295D56FFA7A67AFC10F8593433F834" bold="true" box="[1006,1031,1963,1980]" pageId="9" pageNumber="430">D5</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B9295D56FFA7A67AFBEFF859341CF834" bold="true" box="[1041,1064,1963,1980]" pageId="9" pageNumber="430">E3</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B9295D56FFA7A67AFBCFF8593472F834" bold="true" box="[1073,1094,1963,1980]" pageId="9" pageNumber="430">F3</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B9295D56FFA7A67AFBAFF8593453F834" bold="true" box="[1105,1127,1963,1980]" pageId="9" pageNumber="430">F4</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B9295D56FFA7A67AFB8FF85934B4F834" bold="true" box="[1137,1152,1963,1980]" pageId="9" pageNumber="430">I3</emphasis>
|
||
) light:
|
||
<emphasis id="B9295D56FFA7A67AFB46F85934F1F834" bold="true" box="[1208,1221,1963,1980]" pageId="9" pageNumber="430">A</emphasis>
|
||
, holotype MNHN.F.A88160;
|
||
<emphasis id="B9295D56FFA7A67AFF7AF8303096F85B" bold="true" box="[132,162,1986,2003]" pageId="9" pageNumber="430">B -J</emphasis>
|
||
, paratypes;
|
||
<emphasis id="B9295D56FFA7A67AFEF8F8303127F85B" bold="true" box="[262,275,1986,2003]" pageId="9" pageNumber="430">B</emphasis>
|
||
, MNHN.F.A88161;
|
||
<emphasis id="B9295D56FFA7A67AFE4FF830318BF85B" bold="true" box="[433,447,1986,2003]" pageId="9" pageNumber="430">C</emphasis>
|
||
, MNHN.F.A88162;
|
||
<emphasis id="B9295D56FFA7A67AFDA3F830325FF85B" bold="true" box="[605,619,1986,2003]" pageId="9" pageNumber="430">D</emphasis>
|
||
, MNHN.F.A88163;
|
||
<emphasis id="B9295D56FFA7A67AFCF6F8303320F85B" bold="true" box="[776,788,1986,2003]" pageId="9" pageNumber="430">E</emphasis>
|
||
, MNHN.F.A88164;
|
||
<emphasis id="B9295D56FFA7A67AFC4CF8303389F85B" bold="true" box="[946,957,1986,2003]" pageId="9" pageNumber="430">F</emphasis>
|
||
, MNHN.F.A88165;
|
||
<emphasis id="B9295D56FFA7A67AFBA5F830345DF85B" bold="true" box="[1115,1129,1986,2003]" pageId="9" pageNumber="430">G</emphasis>
|
||
, MNHN.F.A88166;
|
||
<emphasis id="B9295D56FFA7A67AFAF9F8303521F85B" bold="true" box="[1287,1301,1986,2003]" pageId="9" pageNumber="430">H</emphasis>
|
||
, MNHN.F.A88167;
|
||
<emphasis id="B9295D56FFA7A67AFF7AF82A30BEF861" bold="true" box="[132,138,2008,2025]" pageId="9" pageNumber="430">I</emphasis>
|
||
, MNHN.F.A88168;
|
||
<emphasis id="B9295D56FFA7A67AFED2F82A3102F861" bold="true" box="[300,310,2008,2025]" pageId="9" pageNumber="430">J</emphasis>
|
||
, AMPG (IV) 4048, protoconch of juvenile shell. Scale bars: A-I, 1 cm; J; 500 μm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF22D1CCFFA4A679FF7AFBDF3591FBE3" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12780257" ID-Zenodo-Dep="12780257" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12780257/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="431" startId="10.[132,143,1069,1086]" targetBox="[227,1373,206,1041]" targetPageId="10" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE28144FFA4A679FF7AFBDF3591FBE3" blockId="10.[132,1455,1069,1131]" pageId="10" pageNumber="431">
|
||
<smallCapsWord id="8D041798FFA4A679FF7AFBDF30A9FBB5" baselines="1082,1082" box="[132,157,1069,1086]" lowerCaseFontSize="5" mainFontSize="7" normCase="title" normString="Fig" pageId="10" pageNumber="431">FIG</smallCapsWord>
|
||
. 4. — Specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5DFAC7FFA4A679FEB8FBDF3287FBB6" authorityName="Psarras & Merle & Moissette & Koskeridou" authorityYear="2024" box="[326,691,1069,1086]" class="Gastropoda" family="Conidae" genus="Conus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="10" pageNumber="431" phylum="Mollusca" rank="subSpecies" species="ventricosus" status="subsp. nov." subGenus="Lautoconus" subSpecies="rhodesensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9295D56FFA4A679FEB8FBDF3148FBB6" box="[326,380,1069,1086]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="431">Conus</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B9295D56FFA4A679FE7AFBDF31D1FBB6" box="[388,485,1069,1086]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="431">Lautoconus</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="B9295D56FFA4A679FE10FBDF3287FBB6" box="[494,691,1069,1086]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="431">ventricosus rhodesensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21AE02DFFA4A679FD48FBDF3337FBB6" box="[694,771,1069,1086]" pageId="10" pageNumber="431" rank="subSpecies">
|
||
n.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5DFAC7FFA4A679FD37FBDF3337FBB6" box="[713,771,1069,1086]" pageId="10" pageNumber="431" rank="subSpecies" subSpecies="from">subsp.</taxonomicName>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
from the Pleistocene of Rhodes (Greece),displaying aberrant patterns under natural (
|
||
<emphasis id="B9295D56FFA4A679FF77FBB63094FBDD" bold="true" box="[137,160,1092,1109]" pageId="10" pageNumber="431">A1</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B9295D56FFA4A679FF55FBB630F6FBDD" bold="true" box="[171,194,1092,1109]" pageId="10" pageNumber="431">A2</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B9295D56FFA4A679FF32FBB630D7FBDD" bold="true" box="[204,227,1092,1109]" pageId="10" pageNumber="431">A5</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B9295D56FFA4A679FF10FBB63131FBDD" bold="true" box="[238,261,1092,1109]" pageId="10" pageNumber="431">A6</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B9295D56FFA4A679FEF1FBB63112FBDD" bold="true" box="[271,294,1092,1109]" pageId="10" pageNumber="431">B1</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B9295D56FFA4A679FECFFBB6317DFBDD" bold="true" box="[305,329,1092,1109]" pageId="10" pageNumber="431">B3</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B9295D56FFA4A679FEADFBB6315EFBDD" bold="true" box="[339,362,1092,1109]" pageId="10" pageNumber="431">B4</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B9295D56FFA4A679FE8AFBB631B8FBDD" bold="true" box="[372,396,1092,1109]" pageId="10" pageNumber="431">B6</emphasis>
|
||
) and UV (
|
||
<emphasis id="B9295D56FFA4A679FE23FBB631C1FBDD" bold="true" box="[477,501,1092,1109]" pageId="10" pageNumber="431">A3</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B9295D56FFA4A679FE01FBB63222FBDD" bold="true" box="[511,534,1092,1109]" pageId="10" pageNumber="431">A4</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B9295D56FFA4A679FDDEFBB6320CFBDD" bold="true" box="[544,568,1092,1109]" pageId="10" pageNumber="431">B2</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B9295D56FFA4A679FDBCFBB6326EFBDD" bold="true" box="[578,602,1092,1109]" pageId="10" pageNumber="431">B5</emphasis>
|
||
) light:
|
||
<emphasis id="B9295D56FFA4A679FD6FFBB632AAFBDD" bold="true" box="[657,670,1092,1109]" pageId="10" pageNumber="431">A</emphasis>
|
||
, paratype AMPG (IV) 4053, Tsampika: a pattern of almost continuous spiral lines;
|
||
<emphasis id="B9295D56FFA4A679FAB9FBB63560FBDD" bold="true" box="[1351,1364,1092,1109]" pageId="10" pageNumber="431">B</emphasis>
|
||
, specimen AMPG (IV) 4060, Malona: a pattern of very dense and small spiral dashes. Scale bars: A1-A5, B1-B5, 1 cm; A6, 500 μm; B6, close up view of B1, not to scale.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE28144FFA4A679FF65FAE13531FA25" blockId="10.[130,776,1204,2028]" lastBlockId="10.[811,1456,1204,2028]" pageId="10" pageNumber="431">
|
||
The Pleistocene juvenile forms (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13669DC1FFA4A679FE0DFAE13277FAA6" box="[499,579,1299,1326]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="11.[132,143,1543,1560]" captionTargetBox="[209,1361,201,1509]" captionTargetId="figure-136@11.[225,794,764,1317]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIG. 5. — Colour pattern comparison between the extant Conus (Lautoconus) ventricosus complex species (natural light) clades (A, C1-C4) and Conus (Lautoconus) ventricosus rhodesensis n. subsp. from the Pleistocene of Tsampika, Rhodes (Greece) (UV light, inverted colours) (B). Thin dashed lines (A1, B1) include non-fluorescent bands, thick dashed line indicates the included spiral row of dashes. Encircled areas (A2, B2) are non-fluorescent spiral snowflakes in between the spirally arranged dashes. Depiction of five specimens of “Conus ventricosus” mitochondrial clades (green, violet and cyan, the latter divided into red and blue) of Abalde et al. 2023 (C). Note that specimens of the same clade have very different morphological and colour pattern characteristics (C3-C5). A, AMPG (IV) 4033,Artemis,east Attica,Recent,Greece;B, holotype MNHN.F.A88160, Tsampika,Rhodes;C1, BAU_1550.1,Koutsomiti island, Astypalaia,Greece;C2, SC002, Punta Regilione-Marina di Modica,Sicily, Italy; C3, CR18, Kakkos Bay, south-east Crete, Greece; C4, CR23, Kakkos Bay, south-east Crete, Greece; C5, CR009, Plaka, north-west Crete, Greece. Specimen figures C1-C5 from Manuel J. Tenorio and Samuel Abalde. Scale bars: 1 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12780261" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12780261/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="431">Fig. 5A</figureCitation>
|
||
) are rather similar to the extant C.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5DFAC7FFA4A679FECFFAC132FFFAC5" authority="Gmelin, 1791" authorityName="" Gmelin" authorityYear="1791" box="[305,715,1331,1357]" class="Gastropoda" family="Conidae" genus="Conus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="10" pageNumber="431" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" sensu="lato" species="ventricosus" subGenus="Lautoconus">
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B9295D56FFA4A679FEC4FAC63184FAC5" box="[314,432,1332,1357]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="431">Lautoconus</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="B9295D56FFA4A679FE41FAC6321BFAC5" box="[447,559,1332,1357]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="431">ventricosus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCCFCB5FFA4A679FDCDFAC132FFFAC5" author="GMELIN J. F." box="[563,715,1331,1357]" pageId="10" pageNumber="431" pagination="3021 - 3910" refId="ref13921" refString="GMELIN J. F. 1791. - Vermes, in GMELIN J. F. (ed.), Caroli a Linnaei Systema Naturae per Regna Tria Naturae. Ed. 13, tome 1 (6). G. E. Beer, Lipsiae: 3021 - 3910. Available from https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / item / 83109" type="book chapter" year="1791">Gmelin, 1791</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B9295D56FFA4A679FD2FFAC63098FAE5" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="431">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21AE02DFFA4A679FD2FFAC63098FAE5" pageId="10" pageNumber="431" sensu="lato">sensu lato</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
. However, comparing the Pleistocene adult specimens with extant adult of “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5DFAC7FFA4A679FE8EFA863237FA05" authorityName="" Gmelin" authorityYear="1791" box="[368,515,1396,1422]" class="Gastropoda" family="Conidae" genus="Conus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="10" pageNumber="431" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="ventricosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9295D56FFA4A679FE8EFA863237FA05" box="[368,515,1396,1422]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="431">C. ventricosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
”, there are some differences in the colour patterns. The spiral rows of extant adult “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5DFAC7FFA4A679FF6EFA4131D0FA45" authorityName="" Gmelin" authorityYear="1791" box="[144,484,1459,1485]" class="Gastropoda" family="Conidae" genus="Conus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="10" pageNumber="431" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="ventricosus" subGenus="Lautoconus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9295D56FFA4A679FF6EFA4130E7FA45" box="[144,211,1459,1485]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="431">Conus</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B9295D56FFA4A679FF1BFA46316BFA45" box="[229,351,1460,1485]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="431">Lautoconus</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="B9295D56FFA4A679FE8FFA4631D0FA45" box="[369,484,1460,1485]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="431">ventricosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
” are more numerous and the flakes, as well as the blotches, are axially coordinated, sometimes in a zigzag pattern. Given the supposed great morphological and colour pattern variability of “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5DFAC7FFA4A679FD3DF9E131B8F9C4" authorityName="" Gmelin" authorityYear="1791" class="Gastropoda" family="Conidae" genus="Conus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="10" pageNumber="431" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="ventricosus" subGenus="Lautoconus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9295D56FFA4A679FD3DF9E13332F9A5" box="[707,774,1555,1581]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="431">Conus</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B9295D56FFA4A679FF70F9C1313CF9C4" box="[142,264,1587,1612]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="431">Lautoconus</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="B9295D56FFA4A679FEE7F9C131B8F9C4" box="[281,396,1587,1612]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="431">ventricosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
”, the studied specimens could be attributed to this species, but the molecular phylogeny results of
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCCFCB5FFA4A679FF15F98031F6F904" author="ABALDE S. & CROCETTA F. & TENORIO M. J. & D'ANIELLO S. & FASSIO G. & RODRIGUEZ-FLORES P. C. & URIBE J. E. & AFONSO C. M. L. & OLIVERIO M. & ZARDOYA R." box="[235,450,1650,1676]" pageId="10" pageNumber="431" refId="ref11418" refString="ABALDE S., CROCETTA F., TENORIO M. J., D'ANIELLO S., FASSIO G., RODRIGUEZ-FLORES P. C., URIBE J. E., AFONSO C. M. L., OLIVERIO M. & ZARDOYA R. 2023. - Hidden species diversity and mito-nuclear discordance within the Mediterranean cone snail, Lautoconus ventricosus. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 186: 107838. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ympev. 2023.107838" type="journal volume" year="2023">
|
||
Abalde
|
||
<emphasis id="B9295D56FFA4A679FEC0F9813146F904" box="[318,370,1650,1676]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="431">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2023)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
are troubling from a palaeontological perspective, because the unnamed cryptic species cannot be distinguished using shells characters (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCCFCB5FFA4A679FD7AF940308BF964" author="ABALDE S. & CROCETTA F. & TENORIO M. J. & D'ANIELLO S. & FASSIO G. & RODRIGUEZ-FLORES P. C. & URIBE J. E. & AFONSO C. M. L. & OLIVERIO M. & ZARDOYA R." pageId="10" pageNumber="431" refId="ref11418" refString="ABALDE S., CROCETTA F., TENORIO M. J., D'ANIELLO S., FASSIO G., RODRIGUEZ-FLORES P. C., URIBE J. E., AFONSO C. M. L., OLIVERIO M. & ZARDOYA R. 2023. - Hidden species diversity and mito-nuclear discordance within the Mediterranean cone snail, Lautoconus ventricosus. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 186: 107838. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ympev. 2023.107838" type="journal volume" year="2023">
|
||
Abalde
|
||
<emphasis id="B9295D56FFA4A679FD2BF9413333F944" box="[725,775,1714,1740]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="431">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2023
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). On the other hand, we prefer to avoid erecting a new species, as the Pleistocene specimens are geologically young (2 Ma (Kritika) to 140 ka (Tsampika);
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCCFCB5FFA4A679FD63F8E030C9F8C3" author="MOISSETTE P. & KOSKERIDOU E. & DRINIA H. & CORNEE J. - J." pageId="10" pageNumber="431" pagination="61 - 83" refId="ref16591" refString="MOISSETTE P., KOSKERIDOU E., DRINIA H. & CORNEE J. - J. 2016. - Facies associations in warm temperate siliciclastic deposits: insights from early Pleistocene eastern Mediterranean (Rhodes, Greece). Geological Magazine 153: 61 - 83. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0016756815000230" type="journal article" year="2016">
|
||
Moissette
|
||
<emphasis id="B9295D56FFA4A679FF7AF8C0308FF8C3" box="[132,187,1841,1867]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="431">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2016
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCCFCB5FFA4A679FEF3F8C031D5F8C4" author="CORNEE J. - J. & QUILLEVERE F. & MOISSETTE P. & FIETZKE J. & LOPEZ-OTALVARO G. E. & MELINTE-DOBRINESCU M. & PHILIPPON M. & VAN HINSBERGEN D. J. J. & AGIADI K. & KOSKERIDOU E. & MUNCH P." box="[269,481,1841,1868]" pageId="10" pageNumber="431" pagination="78 - 96" refId="ref13222" refString="CORNEE J. - J., QUILLEVERE F., MOISSETTE P., FIETZKE J., LOPEZ-OTALVARO G. E., MELINTE-DOBRINESCU M., PHILIPPON M., VAN HINSBERGEN D. J. J., AGIADI K., KOSKERIDOU E. & MUNCH P. 2018. - Tectonic motion in oblique subduction forearcs: insights from the revisited Middle and Upper Pleistocene deposits of Rhodes, Greece. Journal of the Geological Society 176 (1): 78 - 96. https: // doi. org / 10.1144 / jgs 2018 - 090" type="journal article" year="2018">
|
||
Cornée
|
||
<emphasis id="B9295D56FFA4A679FE99F8C031AAF8C3" box="[359,414,1841,1867]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="431">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2018
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and could belong to one of the extant cryptic species mentioned in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCCFCB5FFA4A679FD89F8A330FAF803" author="ABALDE S. & CROCETTA F. & TENORIO M. J. & D'ANIELLO S. & FASSIO G. & RODRIGUEZ-FLORES P. C. & URIBE J. E. & AFONSO C. M. L. & OLIVERIO M. & ZARDOYA R." pageId="10" pageNumber="431" refId="ref11418" refString="ABALDE S., CROCETTA F., TENORIO M. J., D'ANIELLO S., FASSIO G., RODRIGUEZ-FLORES P. C., URIBE J. E., AFONSO C. M. L., OLIVERIO M. & ZARDOYA R. 2023. - Hidden species diversity and mito-nuclear discordance within the Mediterranean cone snail, Lautoconus ventricosus. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 186: 107838. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ympev. 2023.107838" type="journal volume" year="2023">
|
||
Abalde
|
||
<emphasis id="B9295D56FFA4A679FD31F8A03333F8E3" box="[719,775,1873,1899]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="431">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2023)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. Therefore, taking account of the differences of colour patterns observed in the Pleistocene specimens, we erect a new chronostratigraphic subspecies
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5DFAC7FFA4A679FDCEF8403159F863" authorityName="Psarras & Merle & Moissette & Koskeridou" authorityYear="2024" class="Gastropoda" family="Conidae" genus="Conus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="10" pageNumber="431" phylum="Mollusca" rank="subSpecies" species="ventricosus" status="subsp. nov." subGenus="Lautoconus" subSpecies="rhodesensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9295D56FFA4A679FDCEF8403247F844" box="[560,627,1970,1996]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="431">Conus</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B9295D56FFA4A679FD7AF84032CAF843" box="[644,766,1970,1995]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="431">Lautoconus</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="B9295D56FFA4A679FF7AF8203159F863" box="[132,365,2001,2027]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="431">ventricosus rhodesensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21AE02DFFA4A679FE8DF82031E0F863" box="[371,468,2001,2028]" pageId="10" pageNumber="431" rank="subSpecies">n. subsp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
as an ancestral subspecies of one of the ‘
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5DFAC7FFA4A679FC59FB4634FFFB46" authorityName="" Gmelin" authorityYear="1791" box="[935,1227,1204,1230]" class="Gastropoda" family="Conidae" genus="Conus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="10" pageNumber="431" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="ventricosus" subGenus="Lautoconus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9295D56FFA4A679FC59FB46338DFB46" box="[935,953,1204,1230]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="431">C</emphasis>
|
||
. (
|
||
<emphasis id="B9295D56FFA4A679FC2FFB47347EFB46" box="[977,1098,1205,1230]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="431">Lautoconus</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="B9295D56FFA4A679FBA7FB4734FFFB46" box="[1113,1227,1205,1230]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="431">ventricosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
’ clades. The concept of chronosubspecies is related to the phyletic gradualism model of evolution, and it also relies on an extensive fossil record since morphological changes accumulate over time. It is widely used by the palaeontologists (e.g.,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCCFCB5FFA4A679FAAEFAC133E7FAE5" author="WARD P. D. & KENNEDY W. J." pageId="10" pageNumber="431" pagination="1 - 58" refId="ref19122" refString="WARD P. D. & KENNEDY W. J. 1993. - Maastrichtian ammonites from the Biscay Region (France, Spain): Paleontological Society Memoir 34: 1 - 58. https: // www. jstor. org / stable / 1315613" type="book chapter" year="1993">Ward & Kennedy 1993</bibRefCitation>
|
||
for the ammonites;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCCFCB5FFA4A679FB42FAA13568FAE5" author="FORDINAL K." box="[1212,1372,1363,1389]" pageId="10" pageNumber="431" pagination="263 - 283" refId="ref13788" refString="FORDINAL K. 1997. - Molluscs (gastropoda, bivalvia) from the Pannonian deposits of the western part of Danube Basin (Pezinok-clay pit). Slovak Geological Magazine 3 (4): 263 - 283. https: // www. geology. sk / slovak-geological-magazine- 4 - 1997 /" type="journal article" year="1997">Fordinál 1997</bibRefCitation>
|
||
for the bivalves;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCCFCB5FFA4A679FC6DFA813467FA05" author="MERLE D. & GARRIGUES B. & POINTIER J. - P." box="[915,1107,1395,1421]" pageId="10" pageNumber="431" refId="ref16286" refString="MERLE D., GARRIGUES B. & POINTIER J. - P. 2011. - Fossil and Recent Muricidae of the World. Part Muricinae. Conchbooks, Hackenheim, 648 p." type="book" year="2011">
|
||
Merle
|
||
<emphasis id="B9295D56FFA4A679FC22FA863425FA05" box="[988,1041,1395,1421]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="431">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2011
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
for the gastropods
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5DFAC7FFA4A679FAD2FA813597FA05" authorityName="Rafinesque" authorityYear="1815" box="[1324,1443,1395,1421]" class="Gastropoda" family="Muricidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="10" pageNumber="431" phylum="Mollusca" rank="family">Muricidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
);
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCCFCB5FFA4A679FCD3FA613417FA25" author="SAUPE F. & BECKER R. T." box="[813,1059,1427,1453]" pageId="10" pageNumber="431" pagination="711 - 761" refId="ref18217" refString="SAUPE F. & BECKER R. T. 2022. - Refined conodont stratigraphy at Martenberg (Rhenish Massif Germany as base for a formal middle / upper Frasnian substage boundary. Palaeobiodiversity and Palaeenvironments 102: 711 - 761. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 12549 - 022 - 00537 - z" type="journal article" year="2022">Saupe & Becker 2022</bibRefCitation>
|
||
for the conodonts).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE28144FFA4A678FCBDFA4132B5F8C3" blockId="10.[811,1456,1204,2028]" lastBlockId="11.[130,775,1810,2028]" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="432" pageId="10" pageNumber="431">
|
||
The pattern of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5DFAC7FFA4A679FC1BFA41359BFA45" authorityName="Psarras & Merle & Moissette & Koskeridou" authorityYear="2024" box="[997,1455,1459,1485]" class="Gastropoda" family="Conidae" genus="Conus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="10" pageNumber="431" phylum="Mollusca" rank="subSpecies" species="ventricosus" status="subsp. nov." subGenus="Lautoconus" subSpecies="rhodesensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9295D56FFA4A679FC1BFA41341CFA45" box="[997,1064,1459,1485]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="431">Conus</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B9295D56FFA4A679FBC7FA463487FA45" box="[1081,1203,1460,1485]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="431">Lautoconus</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="B9295D56FFA4A679FB3CFA46359BFA45" box="[1218,1455,1459,1485]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="431">ventricosus rhodesensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21AE02DFFA4A679FCD5FA2133A4FA65" box="[811,912,1491,1517]" pageId="10" pageNumber="431" rank="subSpecies">n. subsp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
could also be compared with other species considered as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5DFAC7FFA4A679FC65FA0134F4F985" authority="Swainson, 1840" authorityName="Swainson" authorityYear="1840" box="[923,1216,1523,1549]" class="Gastropoda" family="Conidae" genus="Conilithes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="10" pageNumber="431" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9295D56FFA4A679FC65FA013433F985" box="[923,1031,1523,1549]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="431">Conilithes</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCCFCB5FFA4A679FBF0FA0134F4F985" author="SWAINSON W." box="[1038,1216,1523,1549]" pageId="10" pageNumber="431" refId="ref18567" refString="SWAINSON W. 1840. - A Treatise on Malacology; or, the Natural Classification of Shells and Shell Fish. Longman, Orme, Brown, Green & Longmans, London. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 8027" type="book" year="1840">Swainson, 1840</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, such as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5DFAC7FFA4A679FAE3FA01359BF985" box="[1309,1455,1523,1549]" class="Gastropoda" family="Conidae" genus="Conilithes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="10" pageNumber="431" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9295D56FFA4A679FAE3FA0135BDF985" box="[1309,1417,1523,1549]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="431">Conilithes</emphasis>
|
||
sp.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5DFAC7FFA4A679FCA1F9E034C0F9A5" authority="(Brocchi, 1814)" authorityName="" baseAuthorityName="Brocchi" baseAuthorityYear="1814" box="[863,1268,1554,1581]" class="Gastropoda" family="Conidae" genus="Conilithes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="10" pageNumber="431" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="striatulus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9295D56FFA4A679FCA1F9E0340CF9A4" box="[863,1080,1554,1580]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="431">Conilithes striatulus</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCCFCB5FFA4A679FBB7F9E034D8F9A5" author="BROCCHI G." box="[1097,1260,1554,1581]" pageId="10" pageNumber="431" pagination="1 - 2" refId="ref12435" refString="BROCCHI G. 1814. - Conchiologia fossile subapennina, con osservazioni geologiche sugli Apennini e sul suolo adiacente. Stamperia Reale, Milano, 1 - 2, 712 p. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 11569" type="book chapter" year="1814">Brocchi, 1814</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the Tortonian of Crete (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCCFCB5FFA4A679FC2AF9C13496F9C5" author="PSARRAS C. & KOSKERIDOU E. & MERLE D." box="[980,1186,1586,1613]" pageId="10" pageNumber="431" pagination="1309 - 1339" refId="ref17308" refString="PSARRAS C., KOSKERIDOU E. & MERLE D. 2021. - Late Miocene Conidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda) of Crete (Greece). Part 1: genera Conilithes Swainson, 1840 and Conus (Kalloconus) da Motta, 1991. Geodiversitas 43 (24): 1309 - 1339. http: // geodiversitas. com / 43 / 24. https: // doi. org / 10.5252 / geodiversitas 2021 v 43 a 24" type="journal article" year="2021">
|
||
Psarras
|
||
<emphasis id="B9295D56FFA4A679FBD7F9C1346BF9C4" box="[1065,1119,1586,1612]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="431">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2021
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), both of which display patterns of dashes along the last whorl. The outline of the juvenile
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5DFAC7FFA4A679FC77F981357CF904" authorityName="Psarras & Merle & Moissette & Koskeridou" authorityYear="2024" box="[905,1352,1650,1677]" class="Gastropoda" family="Conidae" genus="Conus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="10" pageNumber="431" phylum="Mollusca" rank="subSpecies" species="ventricosus" status="subsp. nov." subGenus="Lautoconus" subSpecies="rhodesensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9295D56FFA4A679FC77F98133FFF905" box="[905,971,1651,1677]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="431">Conus</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B9295D56FFA4A679FC24F9813466F904" box="[986,1106,1651,1676]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="431">Lautoconus</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="B9295D56FFA4A679FB9EF981357CF904" box="[1120,1352,1650,1676]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="431">ventricosus rhodesensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21AE02DFFA4A679FAB3F981359AF904" box="[1357,1454,1650,1677]" pageId="10" pageNumber="431" rank="subSpecies">n. subsp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
also resembles that of several extinct
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5DFAC7FFA4A679FB34F960335EF944" authority="Swainson, 1840" authorityName="Swainson" authorityYear="1840" class="Gastropoda" family="Conidae" genus="Conilithes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="10" pageNumber="431" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9295D56FFA4A679FB34F9603503F924" box="[1226,1335,1682,1708]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="431">Conilithes</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCCFCB5FFA4A679FAC0F960335EF944" author="SWAINSON W." pageId="10" pageNumber="431" refId="ref18567" refString="SWAINSON W. 1840. - A Treatise on Malacology; or, the Natural Classification of Shells and Shell Fish. Longman, Orme, Brown, Green & Longmans, London. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 8027" type="book" year="1840">Swainson, 1840</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the main difference being that the sutural ramps are smooth in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5DFAC7FFA4A679FC63F9203431F964" authorityName="Swainson" authorityYear="1840" box="[925,1029,1746,1772]" class="Gastropoda" family="Conidae" genus="Conilithes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="10" pageNumber="431" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9295D56FFA4A679FC63F9203431F964" box="[925,1029,1746,1772]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="431">Conilithes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, whereas
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5DFAC7FFA4A679FB92F92033AAF884" authorityName="Psarras & Merle & Moissette & Koskeridou" authorityYear="2024" class="Gastropoda" family="Conidae" genus="Conus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="10" pageNumber="431" phylum="Mollusca" rank="subSpecies" species="ventricosus" status="subsp. nov." subGenus="Lautoconus" subSpecies="rhodesensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9295D56FFA4A679FB92F9203499F964" box="[1132,1197,1746,1772]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="431">Conus</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B9295D56FFA4A679FB43F9213506F964" box="[1213,1330,1747,1772]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="431">Lautoconus</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="B9295D56FFA4A679FABFF92133AAF884" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="431">ventricosus rhodesensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21AE02DFFA4A679FC5BF900343CF884" box="[933,1032,1778,1804]" pageId="10" pageNumber="431" rank="subSpecies">n. subsp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
has spiral grooves on the sutural band.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5DFAC7FFA4A679FCD5F8E034F4F8A4" authority="(Brocchi, 1814)" authorityName="" baseAuthorityName="Brocchi" baseAuthorityYear="1814" box="[811,1216,1810,1836]" class="Gastropoda" family="Conidae" genus="Conilithes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="10" pageNumber="431" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="striatulus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9295D56FFA4A679FCD5F8E03430F8A4" box="[811,1028,1810,1836]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="431">Conilithes striatulus</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCCFCB5FFA4A679FBEBF8E0348CF8A4" author="BROCCHI G." box="[1045,1208,1810,1836]" pageId="10" pageNumber="431" pagination="1 - 2" refId="ref12435" refString="BROCCHI G. 1814. - Conchiologia fossile subapennina, con osservazioni geologiche sugli Apennini e sul suolo adiacente. Stamperia Reale, Milano, 1 - 2, 712 p. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 11569" type="book chapter" year="1814">Brocchi, 1814</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the Pliocene of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34AC1D4FFA4A679FCD3F8C3336BF8C3" box="[813,863,1841,1867]" name="Italy" pageId="10" pageNumber="431">Italy</collectingCountry>
|
||
has a similar pattern (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCCFCB5FFA4A679FBA6F8C3353BF8C4" author="PAVIA G. & DULAI A. & FESTA A. & GENNARI R. & PAVIA M. & CARNEVALE G." box="[1112,1295,1841,1868]" pageId="10" pageNumber="431" pagination="129 - 210" refId="ref17085" refString="PAVIA G., DULAI A., FESTA A., GENNARI R., PAVIA M. & CARNEVALE G. 2022. - Palaeontology of the Upper Pliocene marine deposits of Rio Vaccaruzza, Villalvernia (Piedmont, NW Italy). Rivista Italiana Di Paleontologia e Stratigrafia 128 (1): 129 - 210. https: // doi. org / 10.54103 / 2039 - 4942 / 15178" type="journal article" year="2022">
|
||
Pavia
|
||
<emphasis id="B9295D56FFA4A679FB67F8C034FAF8C3" box="[1177,1230,1841,1867]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="431">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2022
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: fig.
|
||
<quantity id="4CA52CA1FFA4A679FAB6F8C33541F8C3" box="[1352,1397,1841,1867]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="2.6" pageId="10" pageNumber="431" unit="g" value="26.0">26g</quantity>
|
||
), but has an angulated shoulder and a coeloconoid suture, all features that diverge from the subgenus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5DFAC7FFA4A679FB03F8803368F823" authorityName="Monterosato" authorityYear="1923" class="Gastropoda" family="Conidae" genus="Conus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="10" pageNumber="431" phylum="Mollusca" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Lautoconus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9295D56FFA4A679FB03F8803574F804" box="[1277,1344,1906,1932]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="431">Conus</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B9295D56FFA4A679FAAFF8803365F823" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="431">Lautoconus</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The two species identified by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCCFCB5FFA4A679FB48F863359BF823" author="CHIRLI C. & LINSE U." box="[1206,1455,1937,1963]" pageId="10" pageNumber="431" refId="ref13061" refString="CHIRLI C. & LINSE U. 2011. - The Pleistocene Marine Gastropods of Rhodes Island (Greece). Verlag Documenta Naturae, 447 p." type="book" year="2011">Chirli & Linse (2011)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5DFAC7FFA4A679FCB2F84334C3F843" authority="(Brocchi, 1814)" baseAuthorityName="Brocchi" baseAuthorityYear="1814" box="[844,1271,1969,1995]" class="Gastropoda" family="Conidae" genus="Chelyconus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="10" pageNumber="431" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="striatulus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9295D56FFA4A679FCB2F8433401F843" box="[844,1077,1969,1995]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="431">Chelyconus striatulus</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCCFCB5FFA4A679FBB9F84334DBF843" author="BROCCHI G." box="[1095,1263,1969,1995]" pageId="10" pageNumber="431" pagination="1 - 2" refId="ref12435" refString="BROCCHI G. 1814. - Conchiologia fossile subapennina, con osservazioni geologiche sugli Apennini e sul suolo adiacente. Stamperia Reale, Milano, 1 - 2, 712 p. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 11569" type="book chapter" year="1814">Brocchi, 1814</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5DFAC7FFA4A679FAC8F8433474F863" authority="(Brocchi, 1814)" baseAuthorityName="Brocchi" baseAuthorityYear="1814" class="Gastropoda" family="Conidae" genus="Chelyconus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="10" pageNumber="431" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="pelagicus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9295D56FFA4A679FAC8F84333BFF863" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="431">Chelyconus pelagicus</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCCFCB5FFA4A679FC67F823340DF863" author="BROCCHI G." box="[921,1081,2001,2027]" pageId="10" pageNumber="431" pagination="1 - 2" refId="ref12435" refString="BROCCHI G. 1814. - Conchiologia fossile subapennina, con osservazioni geologiche sugli Apennini e sul suolo adiacente. Stamperia Reale, Milano, 1 - 2, 712 p. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 11569" type="book chapter" year="1814">Brocchi, 1814</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are both morphologically similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5DFAC7FFA5A678FF5CF8E03259F8A4" authorityName="Psarras & Merle & Moissette & Koskeridou" authorityYear="2024" box="[162,621,1810,1836]" class="Gastropoda" family="Conidae" genus="Conus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="11" pageNumber="432" phylum="Mollusca" rank="subSpecies" species="ventricosus" status="subsp. nov." subGenus="Lautoconus" subSpecies="rhodesensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9295D56FFA5A678FF5CF8E030D1F8A4" box="[162,229,1810,1836]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="432">Conus</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B9295D56FFA5A678FF0BF8E0315BF8A3" box="[245,367,1810,1835]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="432">Lautoconus</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="B9295D56FFA5A678FE81F8E03259F8A4" box="[383,621,1810,1836]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="432">ventricosus rhodesensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21AE02DFFA5A678FD8DF8E032E3F8A4" box="[627,727,1810,1836]" pageId="11" pageNumber="432" rank="subSpecies">n. subsp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
and have similar patterns of spiral rows of dashes.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF22D1CCFFA5A678FF7AF9F53440F93F" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12780261" ID-Zenodo-Dep="12780261" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12780261/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="432" startId="11.[132,143,1543,1560]" targetBox="[209,1361,201,1509]" targetPageId="11" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE28144FFA5A678FF7AF9F53440F93F" blockId="11.[132,1457,1543,1719]" pageId="11" pageNumber="432">
|
||
<smallCapsWord id="8D041798FFA5A678FF7AF9F530A9F99F" baselines="1556,1556" box="[132,157,1543,1560]" lowerCaseFontSize="5" mainFontSize="7" normCase="title" normString="Fig" pageId="11" pageNumber="432">FIG</smallCapsWord>
|
||
. 5. — Colour pattern comparison between the extant
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5DFAC7FFA5A678FD9DF9F5335AF990" authorityName="" Gmelin" authorityYear="1791" box="[611,878,1543,1560]" class="Gastropoda" family="Conidae" genus="Conus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="11" pageNumber="432" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="ventricosus" subGenus="Lautoconus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9295D56FFA5A678FD9DF9F532ADF990" box="[611,665,1543,1560]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="432">Conus</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B9295D56FFA5A678FD5DF9F53331F990" box="[675,773,1543,1560]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="432">Lautoconus</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="B9295D56FFA5A678FCF1F9F5335AF990" box="[783,878,1543,1560]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="432">ventricosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
complex species (natural light) clades (
|
||
<emphasis id="B9295D56FFA5A678FB47F9F534F2F990" bold="true" box="[1209,1222,1543,1560]" pageId="11" pageNumber="432">A</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B9295D56FFA5A678FB2FF9F5353DF990" bold="true" box="[1233,1289,1543,1560]" pageId="11" pageNumber="432">C1-C4</emphasis>
|
||
) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5DFAC7FFA5A678FAC6F9F531BDF9A6" authorityName="Psarras & Merle & Moissette & Koskeridou" authorityYear="2024" class="Gastropoda" family="Conidae" genus="Conus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="11" pageNumber="432" phylum="Mollusca" rank="subSpecies" species="ventricosus" status="subsp. nov." subGenus="Lautoconus" subSpecies="rhodesensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9295D56FFA5A678FAC6F9F5355AF990" box="[1336,1390,1543,1560]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="432">Conus</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B9295D56FFA5A678FA87F9F53082F9A6" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="432">Lautoconus</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="B9295D56FFA5A678FF3FF9EF31BDF9A6" box="[193,393,1565,1582]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="432">ventricosus rhodesensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21AE02DFFA5A678FE70F9EF31E9F9A6" box="[398,477,1565,1582]" pageId="11" pageNumber="432" rank="subSpecies">
|
||
n.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5DFAC7FFA5A678FE5CF9EF31E9F9A6" box="[418,477,1565,1582]" pageId="11" pageNumber="432" rank="subSpecies" subSpecies="from">subsp.</taxonomicName>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
from the Pleistocene of Tsampika, Rhodes (Greece) (UV light, inverted colours) (
|
||
<emphasis id="B9295D56FFA5A678FB86F9EF34B1F9A6" bold="true" box="[1144,1157,1565,1582]" pageId="11" pageNumber="432">B</emphasis>
|
||
). Thin dashed lines (
|
||
<emphasis id="B9295D56FFA5A678FACEF9EF3573F9A6" bold="true" box="[1328,1351,1565,1582]" pageId="11" pageNumber="432">A1</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B9295D56FFA5A678FAAFF9EF355DF9A6" bold="true" box="[1361,1385,1565,1582]" pageId="11" pageNumber="432">B1</emphasis>
|
||
) include non-fluorescent bands, thick dashed line indicates the included spiral row of dashes. Encircled areas (
|
||
<emphasis id="B9295D56FFA5A678FC2BF9C633D8F9CD" bold="true" box="[981,1004,1588,1605]" pageId="11" pageNumber="432">A2</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B9295D56FFA5A678FC08F9C6343AF9CD" bold="true" box="[1014,1038,1588,1605]" pageId="11" pageNumber="432">B2</emphasis>
|
||
) are non-fluorescent spiral snowflakes in between the spirally arranged dashes. Depiction of five specimens of “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5DFAC7FFA5A678FD72F9B93313F9D4" authorityName="" Gmelin" authorityYear="1791" box="[652,807,1611,1628]" class="Gastropoda" family="Conidae" genus="Conus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="11" pageNumber="432" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="ventricosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9295D56FFA5A678FD72F9B93313F9D4" box="[652,807,1611,1628]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="432">Conus ventricosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
” mitochondrial clades (green, violet and cyan, the latter divided into red and blue) of
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCCFCB5FFA5A678FF38F993316EF9FA" author="ABALDE S. & CROCETTA F. & TENORIO M. J. & D'ANIELLO S. & FASSIO G. & RODRIGUEZ-FLORES P. C. & URIBE J. E. & AFONSO C. M. L. & OLIVERIO M. & ZARDOYA R." box="[198,346,1633,1650]" pageId="11" pageNumber="432" refId="ref11418" refString="ABALDE S., CROCETTA F., TENORIO M. J., D'ANIELLO S., FASSIO G., RODRIGUEZ-FLORES P. C., URIBE J. E., AFONSO C. M. L., OLIVERIO M. & ZARDOYA R. 2023. - Hidden species diversity and mito-nuclear discordance within the Mediterranean cone snail, Lautoconus ventricosus. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 186: 107838. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ympev. 2023.107838" type="journal volume" year="2023">
|
||
Abalde
|
||
<emphasis id="B9295D56FFA5A678FEFBF9933119F9FA" box="[261,301,1633,1650]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="432">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2023
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B9295D56FFA5A678FE9DF9933145F9FA" bold="true" box="[355,369,1633,1650]" pageId="11" pageNumber="432">C</emphasis>
|
||
). Note that specimens of the same clade have very different morphological and colour pattern characteristics (
|
||
<emphasis id="B9295D56FFA5A678FB00F9933502F9FA" bold="true" box="[1278,1334,1633,1650]" pageId="11" pageNumber="432">C3-C5</emphasis>
|
||
).
|
||
<emphasis id="B9295D56FFA5A678FABAF9933565F9FA" bold="true" box="[1348,1361,1633,1650]" pageId="11" pageNumber="432">A</emphasis>
|
||
, AMPG (IV) 4033,Artemis,east Attica,Recent,Greece;
|
||
<emphasis id="B9295D56FFA5A678FE16F98A31C1F901" bold="true" box="[488,501,1656,1673]" pageId="11" pageNumber="432">B</emphasis>
|
||
, holotype MNHN.F.A88160, Tsampika,Rhodes;
|
||
<emphasis id="B9295D56FFA5A678FC7DF98A33AFF901" bold="true" box="[899,923,1656,1673]" pageId="11" pageNumber="432">C1</emphasis>
|
||
, BAU_1550.1,Koutsomiti island, Astypalaia,Greece;
|
||
<emphasis id="B9295D56FFA5A678FAAEF98A355CF901" bold="true" box="[1360,1384,1656,1673]" pageId="11" pageNumber="432">C2</emphasis>
|
||
, SC002, Punta Regilione-Marina di Modica,Sicily, Italy;
|
||
<emphasis id="B9295D56FFA5A678FDF7F97D3215F928" bold="true" box="[521,545,1679,1696]" pageId="11" pageNumber="432">C3</emphasis>
|
||
, CR18, Kakkos Bay, south-east Crete, Greece;
|
||
<emphasis id="B9295D56FFA5A678FC52F97D33F0F928" bold="true" box="[940,964,1679,1696]" pageId="11" pageNumber="432">C4</emphasis>
|
||
, CR23, Kakkos Bay, south-east Crete, Greece;
|
||
<emphasis id="B9295D56FFA5A678FAB1F97D3553F928" bold="true" box="[1359,1383,1679,1696]" pageId="11" pageNumber="432">C5</emphasis>
|
||
, CR009, Plaka, north-west Crete, Greece. Specimen figures
|
||
<emphasis id="B9295D56FFA5A678FDCFF954325DF93F" bold="true" box="[561,617,1702,1719]" pageId="11" pageNumber="432">C1-C5</emphasis>
|
||
from Manuel J. Tenorio and Samuel Abalde. Scale bars: 1 cm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE28144FFA5A678FF65F8A03332F863" blockId="11.[130,775,1810,2028]" pageId="11" pageNumber="432">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5DFAC7FFA5A678FF65F8A03273F8E3" authorityName="Psarras & Merle & Moissette & Koskeridou" authorityYear="2024" box="[155,583,1873,1900]" class="Gastropoda" family="Conidae" genus="Conus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="11" pageNumber="432" phylum="Mollusca" rank="subSpecies" species="ventricosus" status="subsp. nov." subGenus="Lautoconus" subSpecies="rhodesensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9295D56FFA5A678FF65F8A030EFF8E4" box="[155,219,1874,1900]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="432">Conus</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B9295D56FFA5A678FF16F8A0316FF8E3" box="[232,347,1874,1899]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="432">Lautoconus</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="B9295D56FFA5A678FE97F8A03273F8E3" box="[361,583,1873,1899]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="432">ventricosus rhodesensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21AE02DFFA5A678FDB4F8A03293F8E3" box="[586,679,1873,1900]" pageId="11" pageNumber="432" rank="subSpecies">n. subsp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
has been observed in several areas on Rhodes, namely Kritika (Gelasian), Faliraki, Malona, Lardos, and Ladiko (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCCFCB5FFA5A678FD99F863308FF843" author="CHIRLI C. & LINSE U." pageId="11" pageNumber="432" refId="ref13061" refString="CHIRLI C. & LINSE U. 2011. - The Pleistocene Marine Gastropods of Rhodes Island (Greece). Verlag Documenta Naturae, 447 p." type="book" year="2011">Chirli & Linse 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; personal observations). It seems that this subspecies was present on Rhodes throughout the early and late Pleistocene.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |