756 lines
210 KiB
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756 lines
210 KiB
XML
<document id="2B905827B7EAB1807322C51BBD17D594" ID-CLB-Dataset="301517" ID-DOI="10.1371/journal.pone.0250403" ID-GBIF-Dataset="b83f9ed2-1a72-4f1e-b9b0-10d6940f37fa" ID-ISSN="1932-6203" ID-PMC="PMC8099068" ID-PubMed="33951070" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13151726" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="valdenar" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="valdenar" checkinTime="1719975072736" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Neves, Ricardo Cardoso, Kristensen, Reinhardt Møbjerg & Møbjerg, Nadja" docDate="2021" docId="0396B2036914517BFD9FFC62C3F8FA67" docLanguage="en" docName="PLoSONE.16.5.e0250403.pdf" docOrigin="PLoS ONE (e 0250403) 16 (5)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:55318D21378FF0528C342C9740A1E1BE.2:PLoSONE.2014-.journal_article" docStyleId="55318D21378FF0528C342C9740A1E1BE" docStyleName="PLoSONE.2014-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="2" docTitle="Nanaloricus valdemari Neves, Kristensen & Møbjerg, 2021, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="15" masterDocId="FFAFCA7B69175175FFAAFF8FC75BFF8B" masterDocTitle="New records on the rich loriciferan fauna of Trezen ar Skoden (Roscoff, France): Description of two new species of Nanaloricus and the new genus Scutiloricus" masterLastPageNumber="42" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="4" updateTime="1723729699044" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="7C6DECAA29425447C6B1CCBDB3C5F62E">New records on the rich loriciferan fauna of Trezen ar Skoden (Roscoff, France): Description of two new species of Nanaloricus and the new genus Scutiloricus</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="CD657D808D840189AA42100110827AD3">Neves, Ricardo Cardoso</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="8E1557F4A9D4A37226297C7AD02586CB">Kristensen, Reinhardt Møbjerg</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="1F970FAC231BC833722FD3AE8345A828">Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="58922B7FCF2E9A9C27661864FB218597">Møbjerg, Nadja</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="6E5EAF44D7A458829B997D831AF8FCFC">Department of Biology, August Krogh Building, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark,</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:date id="0ADBD9AE0FD16570867892A0246F9D7A">2021</mods:date>
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<treatment id="0396B2036914517BFD9FFC62C3F8FA67" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12630837" ID-Zenodo-Dep="12630837" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0396B2036914517BFD9FFC62C3F8FA67" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0396B2036914517BFD9FFC62C3F8FA67" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="15" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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<taxonomicName id="4C3F789669145176FD9FFC62C46BFB8E" ID-CoL="9X5XC" authorityName="Neves & Kristensen & Møbjerg" authorityYear="2021" box="[565,816,1005,1029]" family="Nanaloricidae" genus="Nanaloricus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nanaloricida" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Loricifera" rank="species" species="valdemari" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B94BDF0769145176FD9FFC62C46BFB8E" bold="true" box="[565,816,1005,1029]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Nanaloricus valdemari</emphasis>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A278627C69145176FC9CFC61C4D3FB8D" box="[822,904,1006,1030]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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<subSubSection id="C325509E69145176FD9FFB9EC24CFBE5" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8B80031569145176FD9FFB9EC5FDFBA2" blockId="3.[533,1536,833,1897]" box="[565,678,1041,1065]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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(
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<figureCitation id="13041F9069145176FD96FB9EC5CCFBA2" box="[572,663,1041,1065]" captionStart-0="Fig 1" captionStart-1="Fig 2" captionStart-2="Fig 3" captionStart-3="Fig 4" captionStart-4="Fig 5" captionStart-5="Fig 6" captionStart-6="Fig 7" captionStartId-0="4.[416,444,1699,1718]" captionStartId-1="5.[372,400,1734,1753]" captionStartId-2="6.[533,561,1138,1157]" captionStartId-3="7.[416,444,1727,1746]" captionStartId-4="8.[293,321,1768,1787]" captionStartId-5="9.[416,444,1721,1740]" captionStartId-6="10.[394,422,1759,1778]" captionTargetBox-0="[419,1533,183,1681]" captionTargetBox-1="[375,1533,211,1709]" captionTargetBox-2="[536,1458,208,1103]" captionTargetBox-3="[419,1533,211,1709]" captionTargetBox-4="[296,1533,821,1741]" captionTargetBox-5="[419,1533,199,1697]" captionTargetBox-6="[394,1536,208,1744]" captionTargetId-0="figure-3@4.[416,1536,180,1684]" captionTargetId-1="figure-3@5.[372,1536,208,1712]" captionTargetId-2="figure-243@6.[533,1461,208,1116]" captionTargetId-3="figure-1@7.[416,1536,208,1712]" captionTargetId-4="figure-235@8.[293,1536,818,1746]" captionTargetId-5="figure-3@9.[416,1536,196,1700]" captionTargetId-6="figure-1@10.[394,1536,208,1744]" captionTargetPageId-0="4" captionTargetPageId-1="5" captionTargetPageId-2="6" captionTargetPageId-3="7" captionTargetPageId-4="8" captionTargetPageId-5="9" captionTargetPageId-6="10" captionText-0="Fig 1. Light micrographs of the holotypic adult male of Nanaloricus valdemari sp. nov. Anterior faces up in all aspects. (A) Ventral view of the extended specimen. Note that the mouth tube is not fully extended. (B) Dorsal view of the specimen. Note the pair of longitudinal stripes (ls) spanning the anterior two thirds of the dorsal plate of the lorica. (C) Anterior region of the specimen, dorsal view. (D) Close-up of the posterior region of the introvert and neck, ventral view. White arrowhead points to the small, midventral anterior spike. Arrows point to trichoscalid sensory organs. Abbreviations: af, anal field; bpa/b, basal plate of type a or b; cs, clavoscalid; dp, dorsal plate; fu, oral furca; in, introvert; lo, lorica; mc, mouth cone; mt, mouth tube; sp (and black arrowheads), anterior spike; sr, spinoscalid of 8th or 9th row; ss, spinoscalid; tp, trichoscalid plate; tr, trichoscalid; vlp, ventrolateral plate; vp, 8/9 ventral plate. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0250403.g001" captionText-1="Fig 2. Line art drawing of the adult male habitus of Nanaloricus valdemari sp. nov. Ventral view of the body, anterior faces up. Note that only a selected number of scalids from rows 1 to 8 are represented for clarity. Abbreviations: af, anal field; bpa/b, basal plates of type a and b; bu, buccal tube; cs, clavoscalid; dlp, dorsolateral plate; fu, oral furca; gl?, putative gland outlet; in, introvert; lo, lorica; mc, mouth cone; mo, mouth aperture; mt, mouth tube; mvs, midventral anterior spike; ne, neck; or1/2, oral ridges of type 1 and 2; sr2–9, spinoscalids of 2nd to 9th row (including sr, i.e. type a and b spinoscalids of the 4th row); sp (and black arrowheads), anterior spike; to, trichoscalid 4a/b sensory organ; tp, trichoscalid plate; tr1, single trichoscalid; tr2, double trichoscalid; vlp, ventrolateral plate; vp, ventral plate. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0250403.g002" captionText-2="Fig 3. Line art drawing of the adult male partial habitus of Nanaloricus valdemari sp. nov. Dorsal view of the lorica, anterior faces up. Abbreviations: ac, anal cone; dlp, dorsolateral plate; dp, dorsal plate; fl, flosculum; go?, putative gonopore; ls, longitudinal stripe; sp (and arrowhead), anterior spike. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0250403.g003" captionText-3="Fig 4. Light micrographs of the allotypic adult female of Nanaloricus valdemari sp. nov. Anterior faces up in all aspects. (A) Overview of the specimen, dorsal view. Note that the mouth tube is not fully extended. Note also the pair of longitudinal stripes (ls) spanning the anterior two thirds of the dorsal plate of the lorica. (B) Close-up of the anterior region of the specimen, dorsal view. Arrow points to the two most distal segments of a clavoscalid.(C) Close-up of the introvert, neck and anterior region of the abdomen, dorsal view. (D) Posterior region, ventral view. Double-headed arrows point to large pores (gland outlets?) situated on the posterior region of the ventral plate. (E) Posterior region, dorsal view. Note the putative gonopores (go?) located on the" captionText-4="Fig 5. Light micrographs of a paratypic adult female of Nanaloricus valdemari sp. nov. Anterior faces up in both aspects, dorsal view. (A) Overview of the specimen with extended introvert and fully extended mouth tube. (B) Close-up of the anterior region of the body. Abbreviations: bu, buccal tube; cs, clavoscalids; in, introvert; lo, lorica; ls, longitudinal stripe; mc, mouth cone; mt, mouth tube; or, oral ridge; sp, anterior spike; ss spinoscalid; tr, trichoscalid. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0250403.g005" captionText-5="Fig 6. Light micrographs of three live specimens of Nanaloricus valdemari sp. nov. Anterior faces up in all aspects. (A) Overview of a female adult with head almost fully retracted. Internally, note the presence of the large ovaries (ov) in the abdomen. (B) Overview of a female adult (different from that shown in A). Note the pair of longitudinal stripes (ls) spanning the anterior two thirds of the dorsal plate of the lorica. (C and D) Overview of a male adult with head almost fully retracted. Note the presence, within the abdomen, of a testis (te) containing spermatozoa (sz). Note also the relative position of the pharyngeal bulb (pb) in this retracted animal. Abbreviations: af, anal field; bu, buccal tube; cs, clavoscalid; dp, dorsal plate; lo, lorica; sp, anterior spike; ss spinoscalid; tr, trichoscalid. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0250403.g006" captionText-6="Fig 7. Scanning electron micrographs of three paratypic adult males of Nanaloricus valdemari sp. nov. (A) Overview of extended specimen, ventral view, anterior faces up. Same specimen as in C and D. Note the multiform clavoscalids: the ventralmost pair is unbranched (and similar to the eight female clavoscalids), while the others are divided into three branches. (B) Close up of the mouth tube (mt). Same specimen as in E. Note the honeycomb sculpture (hs) of the cuticle. (C) Anterior region of the body, ventral view. Note the difference between single (tr1) and double trichoscalids (tr2). White arrowhead points to the small midventral anterior spike. White" figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13151728" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13151732" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13151735" figureDoi-3="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13151737" figureDoi-4="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13151745" figureDoi-5="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13151747" figureDoi-6="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13151751" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/13151728/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/13151732/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/13151735/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/13151737/files/figure.png" httpUri-4="https://zenodo.org/record/13151745/files/figure.png" httpUri-5="https://zenodo.org/record/13151747/files/figure.png" httpUri-6="https://zenodo.org/record/13151751/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Figs 1–7</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B80031569145176FD9FFBBCC26BFBC0" blockId="3.[533,1536,833,1897]" box="[565,1328,1075,1099]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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<uri id="FFAE0F1769145176FD9FFBBCC26BFBC0" box="[565,1328,1075,1099]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:
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<uuid id="FF9939C069145176FCE9FBBCC26BFBC0" box="[835,1328,1075,1099]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">A0E2CDB1-6F62-4F86-82DF-43F2A06ED519</uuid>
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<paragraph id="8B80031569145176FD9FFBD9C24CFBE5" blockId="3.[533,1536,833,1897]" box="[565,1303,1110,1134]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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<emphasis id="B94BDF0769145176FD9FFBD9C5EAFBE5" bold="true" box="[565,689,1110,1134]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Synonymy.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C3F789669145176FD6CFBD9C432FBE5" box="[710,873,1110,1134]" family="Nanaloricidae" genus="Nanaloricus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nanaloricida" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Loricifera" rank="species" species="undetermined">
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<emphasis id="B94BDF0769145176FD6CFBD9C41DFBE5" box="[710,838,1110,1134]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Nanaloricus</emphasis>
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sp.
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</taxonomicName>
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<emphasis id="B94BDF0769145176FCC4FBD8C4FCFBE5" box="[878,935,1111,1134]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">sensu</emphasis>
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[
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAE7EE469145176FC1CFBD9C494FBE5" author="Neves RC & Bailly X & Leasi F & Reichert H & SOrensen MV & Kristensen RM" box="[950,975,1110,1134]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" refId="ref21525" refString="26. Neves RC, Bailly X, Leasi F, Reichert H, SOrensen MV, Kristensen RM. A complete three-dimensional reconstruction of the myoanatomy of Loricifera: comparative morphology of an adult and a Higgins larva stage. Front Zool. 2013; 10: 19. https: // doi. org / 10.1186 / 1742 - 9994 - 10 - 19 PMID: 23587092" type="journal volume" year="2013">26</bibRefCitation>
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];
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<taxonomicName id="4C3F789669145176FC4EFBD9C33FFBE5" authorityName="Neves & Kristensen & Møbjerg" authorityYear="2021" box="[996,1124,1110,1134]" family="Nanaloricidae" genus="Nanaloricus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nanaloricida" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Loricifera" rank="genus" status="n. sp.">
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<emphasis id="B94BDF0769145176FC4EFBD9C33FFBE5" box="[996,1124,1110,1134]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Nanaloricus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A278627C69145176FBC0FBD9C3F9FBE5" box="[1130,1186,1110,1134]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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<emphasis id="B94BDF0769145176FB0DFBD8C3BBFBE5" box="[1191,1248,1111,1134]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">sensu</emphasis>
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[
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAE7EE469145176FB45FBD9C253FBE5" author="SOrensen MV & Hebsgaard MB & Heiner I & Glenner H & Willerslev E & Kristensen RM" box="[1263,1288,1110,1134]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="231 - 239" refId="ref21594" refString="27. SOrensen MV, Hebsgaard MB, Heiner I, Glenner H, Willerslev E, Kristensen RM. New data from an enigmatic phylum: evidence from molecular sequence data supports a sister-group relationship between Loricifera and Nematomorpha. J Zool Syst Evol Res. 2008; 46: 231 - 239." type="journal article" year="2008">27</bibRefCitation>
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].
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C325509E69145173FD9FFBF6C522FAEA" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="7" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8B80031569145176FD9FFBF6C219FB5D" blockId="3.[533,1536,833,1897]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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<emphasis id="B94BDF0769145176FD9FFBF6C456FB1A" bold="true" box="[565,781,1145,1169]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Material examined.</emphasis>
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<materialsCitation id="3B57094869145176FC88FBF6C219FB5D" collectingDate="2013-02-07" country="Denmark" elevation="45" location="Natural History Museum" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
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<emphasis id="B94BDF0769145176FC88FBF6C4DBFB1A" box="[802,896,1145,1169]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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<typeStatus id="5484BDB769145176FC88FBF6C4DBFB1A" box="[802,896,1145,1169]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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</emphasis>
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(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13041F9069145176FC25FBF6C498FB1A" box="[911,963,1145,1169]" captionStart="Fig 1" captionStartId="4.[416,444,1699,1718]" captionTargetBox="[419,1533,183,1681]" captionTargetId="figure-3@4.[416,1536,180,1684]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig 1. Light micrographs of the holotypic adult male of Nanaloricus valdemari sp. nov. Anterior faces up in all aspects. (A) Ventral view of the extended specimen. Note that the mouth tube is not fully extended. (B) Dorsal view of the specimen. Note the pair of longitudinal stripes (ls) spanning the anterior two thirds of the dorsal plate of the lorica. (C) Anterior region of the specimen, dorsal view. (D) Close-up of the posterior region of the introvert and neck, ventral view. White arrowhead points to the small, midventral anterior spike. Arrows point to trichoscalid sensory organs. Abbreviations: af, anal field; bpa/b, basal plate of type a or b; cs, clavoscalid; dp, dorsal plate; fu, oral furca; in, introvert; lo, lorica; mc, mouth cone; mt, mouth tube; sp (and black arrowheads), anterior spike; sr, spinoscalid of 8th or 9th row; ss, spinoscalid; tp, trichoscalid plate; tr, trichoscalid; vlp, ventrolateral plate; vp, 8/9 ventral plate. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0250403.g001" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13151728" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13151728/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Fig 1</figureCitation>
|
||
). Adult male collected on
|
||
<date id="FF8125D569145176FB70FBF6C2DDFB1A" box="[1242,1414,1145,1169]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" value="2013-02-07">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFC5DC3D69145176FB70FBF6C2DDFB1A" box="[1242,1414,1145,1169]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" value="2013-02-07">7 February 2013</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
at the type locality at ca.
|
||
<quantity id="4CC7AEF069145176FD0EFB14C582FB38" box="[676,729,1179,1203]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" unit="m" value="45.0">
|
||
<elevation id="0012E42669145176FD0EFB14C582FB38" box="[676,729,1179,1203]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" unit="m" value="45.0">45 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
water depth, mounted in glycerin on a glass slide, and deposited at the
|
||
<location id="8EE055CE69145176FA60FB14C5A0FB5D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0396B2036914517BFD9FFC62C3F8FA67:8EE055CE69145176FA60FB14C5A0FB5D" country="Denmark" name="Natural History Museum" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Natural History Museum</location>
|
||
of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F328438569145176FCB6FB31C4D9FB5D" box="[796,898,1214,1238]" name="Denmark" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Denmark</collectingCountry>
|
||
under accession number NHMD-678720.
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B80031569145176FD9FFB6FC3E7FAB5" blockId="3.[533,1536,833,1897]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BDF0769145176FD9FFB6FC5C9FB73" box="[565,658,1248,1272]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Allotypic</emphasis>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B57094869145176FD32FB6EC3E3FAB5" collectingDate="2013-05-15" country="Denmark" elevation="50" location="Natural History Museum" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BDF0769145176FD32FB6EC5AFFB73" box="[664,756,1249,1272]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
<typeStatus id="5484BDB769145176FD32FB6EC5AFFB73" box="[664,756,1249,1272]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13041F9069145176FCA9FB6EC46CFB72" box="[771,823,1249,1273]" captionStart="Fig 4" captionStartId="7.[416,444,1727,1746]" captionTargetBox="[419,1533,211,1709]" captionTargetId="figure-1@7.[416,1536,208,1712]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Fig 4. Light micrographs of the allotypic adult female of Nanaloricus valdemari sp. nov. Anterior faces up in all aspects. (A) Overview of the specimen, dorsal view. Note that the mouth tube is not fully extended. Note also the pair of longitudinal stripes (ls) spanning the anterior two thirds of the dorsal plate of the lorica. (B) Close-up of the anterior region of the specimen, dorsal view. Arrow points to the two most distal segments of a clavoscalid.(C) Close-up of the introvert, neck and anterior region of the abdomen, dorsal view. (D) Posterior region, ventral view. Double-headed arrows point to large pores (gland outlets?) situated on the posterior region of the ventral plate. (E) Posterior region, dorsal view. Note the putative gonopores (go?) located on the" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13151737" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13151737/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Fig 4</figureCitation>
|
||
). Adult female collected on
|
||
<date id="FF8125D569145176FBCAFB6EC3B3FB72" box="[1120,1256,1249,1273]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" value="2013-05-15">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFC5DC3D69145176FBCAFB6EC3B3FB72" box="[1120,1256,1249,1273]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" value="2013-05-15">15 May 2013</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
at the type locality at ca.
|
||
<quantity id="4CC7AEF069145176FDBFFA8CC510FA90" box="[533,587,1283,1307]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" unit="m" value="50.0">
|
||
<elevation id="0012E42669145176FDBFFA8CC510FA90" box="[533,587,1283,1307]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" unit="m" value="50.0">50 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
water depth, mounted in glycerol on a glass slide, and deposited at the
|
||
<location id="8EE055CE69145176FA90FA8CC52FFAB5" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0396B2036914517BFD9FFC62C3F8FA67:8EE055CE69145176FA90FA8CC52FFAB5" country="Denmark" name="Natural History Museum" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Natural History Museum</location>
|
||
of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F328438569145176FD3FFAA9C5A0FAB5" box="[661,763,1318,1342]" name="Denmark" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Denmark</collectingCountry>
|
||
under accession number NHMD-678736
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B80031569145176FD9FFAC6C281F9FD" blockId="3.[533,1536,833,1897]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B57094869145176FD9FFAC6C27BF9BA" collectingDate="12 July 1985 and 15 May 2013" country="Denmark" county="In" elevation="49" location="The" municipality="The" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" specimenCount="53" specimenCount-adult="27" specimenCount-female="21" specimenCount-male="5" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BDF0769145176FD9FFAC6C5C0FAEB" box="[565,667,1353,1376]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
<typeStatus id="5484BDB769145176FD9FFAC6C5C0FAEB" box="[565,667,1353,1376]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D39C89C69145176FD02FAC6C45CFAEA" box="[680,775,1353,1377]" count="27" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="adult">27 adults</specimenCount>
|
||
(
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D39C89C69145176FCBFFAC6C43CFAEA" box="[789,871,1353,1377]" count="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="male">5 males</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D39C89C69145176FCDBFAC6C4B9FAEA" box="[881,994,1353,1377]" count="21" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="female">21 females</specimenCount>
|
||
, 1 of unkown gender) and 6 tentatively assigned postlarvae collected at the type locality between
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFC5DC3D69145176FBA5FAE3C217FA0F" box="[1039,1356,1388,1412]" isEnumeration="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
<date id="FF8125D569145176FBA5FAE3C3CAFA0F" box="[1039,1169,1388,1412]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" value="1985-07-12">12 July 1985</date>
|
||
and
|
||
<date id="FF8125D569145176FB6EFAE3C217FA0F" box="[1220,1356,1388,1412]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" value="2013-05-15">15 May 2013</date>
|
||
</collectingDate>
|
||
at 43–55 m water depths.
|
||
<location id="8EE055CE69145176FD03FA01C588FA2D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0396B2036914517BFD9FFC62C3F8FA67:8EE055CE69145176FD03FA01C588FA2D" box="[681,723,1422,1446]" country="Denmark" county="In" municipality="The" name="The" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">The</location>
|
||
33 paratypic specimens are mounted in glycerin,
|
||
<location id="8EE055CE69145176FB4AFA01C200FA2D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0396B2036914517BFD9FFC62C3F8FA67:8EE055CE69145176FB4AFA01C200FA2D" box="[1248,1371,1422,1446]" country="Denmark" county="In" municipality="The" name="Vectashield" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Vectashield</location>
|
||
or Fluoromount-G on glass slides, and deposited at the
|
||
<location id="8EE055CE69145176FC51FA3EC253FA42" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0396B2036914517BFD9FFC62C3F8FA67:8EE055CE69145176FC51FA3EC253FA42" box="[1019,1288,1457,1481]" country="Denmark" county="In" municipality="The" name="Natural History Museum" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Natural History Museum</location>
|
||
of Denmark under the access numbers NHMD-677708 to NHMD-677713, NHMD-677716 to NHMD-677719, NHMD-677721 to NHMD-677734 and NHMD-677737 to NHMD-677744.
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BE4996F69145176FA91FA79C23EF985" box="[1339,1381,1526,1550]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">The</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
specimen registered with access number NHMD-677725 is shown in
|
||
<figureCitation id="13041F9069145176FBCCF996C3C0F9BA" box="[1126,1179,1561,1585]" captionStart="Fig 5" captionStartId="8.[293,321,1768,1787]" captionTargetBox="[296,1533,821,1741]" captionTargetId="figure-235@8.[293,1536,818,1746]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Fig 5. Light micrographs of a paratypic adult female of Nanaloricus valdemari sp. nov. Anterior faces up in both aspects, dorsal view. (A) Overview of the specimen with extended introvert and fully extended mouth tube. (B) Close-up of the anterior region of the body. Abbreviations: bu, buccal tube; cs, clavoscalids; in, introvert; lo, lorica; ls, longitudinal stripe; mc, mouth cone; mt, mouth tube; or, oral ridge; sp, anterior spike; ss spinoscalid; tr, trichoscalid. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0250403.g005" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13151745" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13151745/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Fig 5</figureCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectingCounty id="62E17B9969145176FB0DF996C3E4F9BA" box="[1191,1215,1561,1585]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">In</collectingCounty>
|
||
addition
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B57094869145176FA80F996C28EF9FD" collectingDate="1985-07-12" collectionCode="SEM" country="Denmark" elevation="55" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" specimenCount="3" specimenCount-adult="3" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D39C89C69145176FA80F996C2C7F9BA" box="[1322,1436,1561,1585]" count="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="adult">three adult</specimenCount>
|
||
males collected at the type locality on
|
||
<date id="FF8125D569145176FCCBF9B3C4B8F9DF" box="[865,995,1596,1620]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" value="1985-07-12">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFC5DC3D69145176FCCBF9B3C4B8F9DF" box="[865,995,1596,1620]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" value="1985-07-12">12 July 1985</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
at ca.
|
||
<quantity id="4CC7AEF069145176FB8FF9B3C301F9DF" box="[1061,1114,1596,1620]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" unit="m" value="55.0">55 m</quantity>
|
||
water depth, and mounted on
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED2E9BD069145176FA0BF9B3C28EF9DF" box="[1441,1493,1596,1620]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">SEM</collectionCode>
|
||
stubs (NHMD-866002 to NHMD-866004) were analyzed for comparative purposes (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13041F9069145176FA3CF9D1C291F9FD" box="[1430,1482,1630,1654]" captionStart="Fig 7" captionStartId="10.[394,422,1759,1778]" captionTargetBox="[394,1536,208,1744]" captionTargetId="figure-1@10.[394,1536,208,1744]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Fig 7. Scanning electron micrographs of three paratypic adult males of Nanaloricus valdemari sp. nov. (A) Overview of extended specimen, ventral view, anterior faces up. Same specimen as in C and D. Note the multiform clavoscalids: the ventralmost pair is unbranched (and similar to the eight female clavoscalids), while the others are divided into three branches. (B) Close up of the mouth tube (mt). Same specimen as in E. Note the honeycomb sculpture (hs) of the cuticle. (C) Anterior region of the body, ventral view. Note the difference between single (tr1) and double trichoscalids (tr2). White arrowhead points to the small midventral anterior spike. White" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13151751" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13151751/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Fig 7</figureCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B80031569145176FD9FF90FC2D0F955" blockId="3.[533,1536,833,1897]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BDF0769145176FD9FF90FC433F913" box="[565,872,1664,1689]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Additional reference material</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13041F9069145176FCDCF90EC4F0F912" box="[886,939,1665,1689]" captionStart="Fig 6" captionStartId="9.[416,444,1721,1740]" captionTargetBox="[419,1533,199,1697]" captionTargetId="figure-3@9.[416,1536,196,1700]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Fig 6. Light micrographs of three live specimens of Nanaloricus valdemari sp. nov. Anterior faces up in all aspects. (A) Overview of a female adult with head almost fully retracted. Internally, note the presence of the large ovaries (ov) in the abdomen. (B) Overview of a female adult (different from that shown in A). Note the pair of longitudinal stripes (ls) spanning the anterior two thirds of the dorsal plate of the lorica. (C and D) Overview of a male adult with head almost fully retracted. Note the presence, within the abdomen, of a testis (te) containing spermatozoa (sz). Note also the relative position of the pharyngeal bulb (pb) in this retracted animal. Abbreviations: af, anal field; bu, buccal tube; cs, clavoscalid; dp, dorsal plate; lo, lorica; sp, anterior spike; ss spinoscalid; tr, trichoscalid. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0250403.g006" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13151747" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13151747/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Fig 6</figureCitation>
|
||
). In addition to the fixed material examined, 11
|
||
<typeStatus id="5484BDB769145176FA01F90EC5EDF930" isOtherTypeStatus="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">non-type specimens</typeStatus>
|
||
(one tentatively assigned postlarva,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D39C89C69145176FB9EF92CC3FFF930" box="[1076,1188,1699,1723]" count="4" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="male">four males</specimenCount>
|
||
and
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D39C89C69145176FB72F92CC214F930" box="[1240,1359,1699,1723]" count="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="female">six females</specimenCount>
|
||
), collected at the
|
||
<typeStatus id="5484BDB769145176FDBFF949C519F955" box="[533,578,1734,1758]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality in
|
||
<date id="FF8125D569145176FD1DF949C47CF955" box="[695,807,1734,1758]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" value="2019-04">April 2019</date>
|
||
and
|
||
<date id="FF8125D569145176FCF1F949C4B9F955" box="[859,994,1734,1758]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" value="2020-08">August 2020</date>
|
||
, were observed and photographed alive.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B80031569145176FD9FF967C2B4F88A" blockId="3.[533,1536,833,1897]" box="[565,1519,1768,1793]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BDF0769145176FD9FF967C46DF88B" box="[565,822,1768,1792]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Habitat and distribution</emphasis>
|
||
. Marine sediments composed of clean shell gravel at
|
||
<typeStatus id="5484BDB769145176FAC2F966C2CEF88A" box="[1384,1429,1769,1793]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B80031569145176FD9FF883C209F8A8" blockId="3.[533,1536,833,1897]" box="[565,1362,1803,1827]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BDF0769145176FD9FF883C5E2F8A8" box="[565,697,1803,1827]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Type locality</emphasis>
|
||
. Trezen ar Skoden, Roscoff,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F328438569145176FC42F884C368F8A8" box="[1000,1075,1803,1827]" name="France" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">France</collectingCountry>
|
||
, (48˚45’55”N, 04˚06’45”E).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B80031569145176FD9FF8A1C38CF8E2" blockId="3.[533,1536,833,1897]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BDF0769145176FD9FF8A1C5F8F8CD" box="[565,675,1838,1862]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Etymology</emphasis>
|
||
. The species is named after Valdemar MØbjerg Boslev Kristensen, who is grandson and nephew to the middle author and last author, respectively.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF40539D69135171FE0AF92CC463F804" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13151728" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13151728" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13151728/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" startId="4.[416,444,1699,1718]" targetBox="[419,1533,183,1681]" targetPageId="4" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B80031569135171FE0AF92CC554F8E3" blockId="4.[416,1528,1699,1935]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BDF0769135171FE0AF92CC3C2F93D" bold="true" box="[416,1177,1699,1718]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
Fig 1. Light micrographs of the holotypic adult male of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F789669135171FC23F92CC30AF93D" authorityName="Neves & Kristensen & Møbjerg" authorityYear="2021" box="[905,1105,1699,1718]" family="Nanaloricidae" genus="Nanaloricus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nanaloricida" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Loricifera" rank="species" species="valdemari" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BDF0769135171FC23F92CC30AF93D" bold="true" box="[905,1105,1699,1718]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Nanaloricus valdemari</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A278627C69135171FBFFF92CC3C2F93D" box="[1109,1177,1699,1718]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Anterior faces up in all aspects. (A) Ventral view of the extended specimen. Note that the mouth tube is not fully extended. (B) Dorsal view of the specimen. Note the pair of longitudinal stripes (ls) spanning the anterior two thirds of the dorsal plate of the lorica. (C) Anterior region of the specimen, dorsal view. (D) Close-up of the posterior region of the introvert and neck, ventral view. White arrowhead points to the small, midventral anterior spike. Arrows point to trichoscalid sensory organs. Abbreviations: af, anal field;
|
||
<subScript id="17BB015069135171FB40F886C24FF895" attach="left" box="[1258,1300,1801,1822]" fontSize="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">bpa/b</subScript>
|
||
, basal plate of type a or b; cs, clavoscalid; dp, dorsal plate; fu, oral furca; in, introvert; lo, lorica; mc, mouth cone; mt, mouth tube; sp (and black arrowheads), anterior spike; sr, spinoscalid of 8
|
||
<superScript id="7C4AAE5D69135171FD64F8B8C580F8CF" attach="left" box="[718,731,1847,1860]" fontSize="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">th</superScript>
|
||
or 9
|
||
<superScript id="7C4AAE5D69135171FCA8F8B8C454F8CF" attach="left" box="[770,783,1847,1860]" fontSize="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">th</superScript>
|
||
row; ss, spinoscalid; tp, trichoscalid plate; tr, trichoscalid; vlp, ventrolateral plate; vp,
|
||
<subScript id="17BB015069135171FD84F8CBC519F8DA" attach="left" box="[558,578,1860,1873]" fontSize="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">8/9</subScript>
|
||
ventral plate.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B80031569135171FE0AF8F3C463F804" blockId="4.[416,1528,1699,1935]" box="[416,824,1916,1935]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0250403.g001</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF40539D69125170FEDEF949C457F80A" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13151732" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13151732" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13151732/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" startId="5.[372,400,1734,1753]" targetBox="[375,1533,211,1709]" targetPageId="5" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B80031569125170FEDEF949C457F80A" blockId="5.[372,1523,1733,1921]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BDF0769125170FEDEF949C311F952" bold="true" box="[372,1098,1733,1753]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
Fig 2. Line art drawing of the adult male habitus of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F789669125170FC90F94AC359F953" authorityName="Neves & Kristensen & Møbjerg" authorityYear="2021" box="[826,1026,1733,1752]" family="Nanaloricidae" genus="Nanaloricus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nanaloricida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Loricifera" rank="species" species="valdemari" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BDF0769125170FC90F94AC359F953" bold="true" box="[826,1026,1733,1752]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Nanaloricus valdemari</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A278627C69125170FBADF949C311F952" box="[1031,1098,1734,1753]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Ventral view of the body, anterior faces up. Note that only a selected number of scalids from rows 1 to 8 are represented for clarity. Abbreviations: af, anal field;
|
||
<subScript id="17BB015069125170FABFF950C264F97F" attach="left" box="[1301,1343,1759,1780]" fontSize="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">bpa/b</subScript>
|
||
, basal plates of type a and b; bu, buccal tube; cs, clavoscalid; dlp, dorsolateral plate; fu, oral furca; gl?, putative gland outlet; in, introvert; lo, lorica; mc, mouth cone; mo, mouth aperture; mt, mouth tube; mvs, midventral anterior spike; ne, neck; or
|
||
<subScript id="17BB015069125170FBFCF895C331F8AC" attach="left" box="[1110,1130,1818,1831]" fontSize="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">1/2</subScript>
|
||
, oral ridges of type 1 and 2; sr
|
||
<subScript id="17BB015069125170FACCF895C226F8AC" attach="left" box="[1382,1405,1818,1831]" fontSize="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">2–9</subScript>
|
||
, spinoscalids of 2
|
||
<superScript id="7C4AAE5D69125170FE3EF8A9C6FEF8B8" attach="left" box="[404,421,1830,1843]" fontSize="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">nd</superScript>
|
||
to 9
|
||
<superScript id="7C4AAE5D69125170FE63F8A9C68DF8B8" attach="left" box="[457,470,1830,1843]" fontSize="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">th</superScript>
|
||
row (including sr, i.e. type a and b spinoscalids of the 4
|
||
<superScript id="7C4AAE5D69125170FC6EF8A9C48AF8B8" attach="left" box="[964,977,1830,1843]" fontSize="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">th</superScript>
|
||
row); sp (and black arrowheads), anterior spike; to, trichoscalid
|
||
<subScript id="17BB015069125170FDC4F8BCC5D2F8CB" attach="left" box="[622,649,1843,1856]" fontSize="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">4a/b</subScript>
|
||
sensory organ; tp, trichoscalid plate; tr
|
||
<subScript id="17BB015069125170FD1CF8C2C5E5F8D1" attach="left" box="[694,702,1869,1882]" fontSize="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">1</subScript>
|
||
, single trichoscalid; tr
|
||
<subScript id="17BB015069125170FCDDF8C2C424F8D1" attach="left" box="[887,895,1869,1882]" fontSize="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">2</subScript>
|
||
, double trichoscalid; vlp, ventrolateral plate; vp, ventral plate. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0250403.g002
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF40539D69115173FDBFFBFDC4F6FB6A" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13151735" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13151735" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13151735/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" startId="6.[533,561,1138,1157]" targetBox="[536,1458,208,1103]" targetPageId="6" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B80031569115173FDBFFBFDC3C4FB33" blockId="6.[533,1481,1137,1249]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BDF0769115173FDBFFBFDC270FB0E" bold="true" box="[533,1323,1137,1157]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
Fig 3. Line art drawing of the adult male partial habitus of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F789669115173FBB1FBFEC3B8FB0F" authorityName="Neves & Kristensen & Møbjerg" authorityYear="2021" box="[1051,1251,1137,1156]" family="Nanaloricidae" genus="Nanaloricus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nanaloricida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Loricifera" rank="species" species="valdemari" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BDF0769115173FBB1FBFEC3B8FB0F" bold="true" box="[1051,1251,1137,1156]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Nanaloricus valdemari</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A278627C69115173FB4DFBFDC270FB0E" box="[1255,1323,1138,1157]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Dorsal view of the lorica, anterior faces up. Abbreviations: ac, anal cone; dlp, dorsolateral plate; dp, dorsal plate; fl, flosculum; go?, putative gonopore; ls, longitudinal stripe; sp (and arrowhead), anterior spike.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B80031569115173FDBFFB41C4F6FB6A" blockId="6.[533,1481,1137,1249]" box="[533,941,1230,1249]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0250403.g003</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B80031569115173FD9FFA8CC522FAEA" blockId="6.[533,1533,1283,1896]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
The following description will solely focus on adult specimens, as postlarvae have only been tentatively assigned to species (see section below:
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BDF0769115173FB8BFAA9C531FAEB" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">"Notes on the postlarvae found at Trezen ar Skoden"</emphasis>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C325509E6911517DFD9FFAE4C31BFDB0" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="9" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B80031569115173FD9FFAE4C2BEF8E3" blockId="6.[533,1533,1283,1896]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BDF0769115173FD9FFAE4C5F1FA08" bold="true" box="[565,682,1387,1411]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BDF0769115173FD15FAE4C45FFA08" box="[703,772,1387,1411]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Adults</emphasis>
|
||
. (1) mouth cone with 8 oral ridges of different length and characterized by posterior sclerotized oral furcae, a telescopic mouth tube, and a well-defined honeycomb sculpture; (2) introvert with 9 rows of scalids; (3) first row with eight clavoscalids that differ between males (multiform, broad or slender, all branched except for the midventral pair) and females (four-segmented, slender, unbranched); (4) second row with 9 four-segmented, leg-like spinoscalids; (5) third row with 7 two-segmented, feather-like scalids; (6) fourth row with 16 spinoscalids of
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D39C89C69115173FD7CF9B4C465F9D8" box="[726,830,1595,1619]" count="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="generic" typeStatus="types">two types</specimenCount>
|
||
: 8 two-segmented, leg-like scalids (
|
||
<typeStatus id="5484BDB769115173FB05F9B4C385F9D8" box="[1199,1246,1595,1619]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">type</typeStatus>
|
||
A) alternate with 8 two-segmented spinoscalids with feather-like distal segment (
|
||
<typeStatus id="5484BDB769115173FBC4F9D1C3C6F9FD" box="[1134,1181,1630,1654]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">type</typeStatus>
|
||
B); (7) fifth to seventh rows all similar, each row with 30 leg-like, three-segmented scalids; (8) eighth row with 30 very long unsegmented spinoscalids with a small bulbous base; (9) ninth row with 30 small, teeth-like scalids characterized by three cuspid-like protrusions; (10) neck with 8 single trichoscalids alternating with 7 double trichoscalids, with both the single and each of the double trichoscalids protruding from a single, trapezoid trichoscalid plate; (11) trichoscalid plates of the upper appendages of ventrally situated trichoscalids characterized by a short sensory organ with serrated margins and a small, anteroproximal pore; (12) lorica composed of six cuticular plates,
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF40539D69105172FE0AF930C2D2F8DA" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13151737" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13151737" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13151737/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" startId="7.[416,444,1727,1746]" targetBox="[419,1533,211,1709]" targetPageId="7" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B80031569105172FE0AF930C2D2F8DA" blockId="7.[416,1530,1727,1873]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BDF0769105172FE0AF930C3F9F959" bold="true" box="[416,1186,1727,1746]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
Fig 4. Light micrographs of the allotypic adult female of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F789669105172FC38F930C301F959" authorityName="Neves & Kristensen & Møbjerg" authorityYear="2021" box="[914,1114,1727,1746]" family="Nanaloricidae" genus="Nanaloricus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nanaloricida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Loricifera" rank="species" species="valdemari" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BDF0769105172FC38F930C301F959" bold="true" box="[914,1114,1727,1746]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Nanaloricus valdemari</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A278627C69105172FBF5F930C3F9F959" box="[1119,1186,1727,1746]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Anterior faces up in all aspects. (A) Overview of the specimen, dorsal view. Note that the mouth tube is not fully extended. Note also the pair of longitudinal stripes (ls) spanning the anterior two thirds of the dorsal plate of the lorica. (B) Close-up of the anterior region of the specimen, dorsal view. Arrow points to the two most distal segments of a clavoscalid.(C) Close-up of the introvert, neck and anterior region of the abdomen, dorsal view. (D) Posterior region, ventral view. Double-headed arrows point to large pores (gland outlets?) situated on the posterior region of the ventral plate. (E) Posterior region, dorsal view. Note the putative gonopores (go?) located on the
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B800315691F517DFE0AFF5FC443FE9E" blockId="8.[416,1505,208,319]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">posteriormost region of the dorsolateral plates. Abbreviations: af, anal field; bu, buccal tube; cc, cuticularized crest; cs, clavoscalid; dlp, dorsolateral plate; dp, dorsal plate; lo, lorica; mc, mouth cone; or, oral ridge; sp (and black arrowheads), anterior spike; ss, spinoscalid; tr, trichoscalid; vp, ventral plate.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B800315691F517DFE0AFEA3C46CFEB4" blockId="8.[416,1505,208,319]" box="[416,823,300,319]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0250403.g004</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B800315691F517DFDBFFEF9C31BFDB0" blockId="8.[533,1532,374,744]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">with honeycomb sculpturing and bearing 14 large anterior spikes and a small midventral spike; (13) dorsal plate characterized by two narrow, longitudinal stripes spanning laterally along its anterior two thirds; (14) 9 flosculi (4 laterodorsal pairs and 1 dorsal) present posteriorly on the dorsal side of the lorica (dorsolateral and dorsal plates); (15) posterior region of the lorica characterized by a small anal cone, a pair of putative gonopores located postero-dorsally and a pair of ventrally located pores (gland outlets?).</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C325509E691F517EFD9FFDC9C5B9F8D3" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="12" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B800315691F517DFD9FFDC9C59DFD28" blockId="8.[533,1532,374,744]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BDF07691F517DFD9FFDC9C59BFDD5" bold="true" box="[565,704,582,606]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Description.</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BDF07691F517DFD7FFDCAC442FDD6" box="[725,793,581,605]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Body (</emphasis>
|
||
<figureCitation id="13041F90691F517DFCB3FDC9C42AFDD5" box="[793,881,582,606]" captionStart-0="Fig 1" captionStart-1="Fig 2" captionStart-2="Fig 3" captionStart-3="Fig 4" captionStart-4="Fig 5" captionStart-5="Fig 6" captionStart-6="Fig 7" captionStartId-0="4.[416,444,1699,1718]" captionStartId-1="5.[372,400,1734,1753]" captionStartId-2="6.[533,561,1138,1157]" captionStartId-3="7.[416,444,1727,1746]" captionStartId-4="8.[293,321,1768,1787]" captionStartId-5="9.[416,444,1721,1740]" captionStartId-6="10.[394,422,1759,1778]" captionTargetBox-0="[419,1533,183,1681]" captionTargetBox-1="[375,1533,211,1709]" captionTargetBox-2="[536,1458,208,1103]" captionTargetBox-3="[419,1533,211,1709]" captionTargetBox-4="[296,1533,821,1741]" captionTargetBox-5="[419,1533,199,1697]" captionTargetBox-6="[394,1536,208,1744]" captionTargetId-0="figure-3@4.[416,1536,180,1684]" captionTargetId-1="figure-3@5.[372,1536,208,1712]" captionTargetId-2="figure-243@6.[533,1461,208,1116]" captionTargetId-3="figure-1@7.[416,1536,208,1712]" captionTargetId-4="figure-235@8.[293,1536,818,1746]" captionTargetId-5="figure-3@9.[416,1536,196,1700]" captionTargetId-6="figure-1@10.[394,1536,208,1744]" captionTargetPageId-0="4" captionTargetPageId-1="5" captionTargetPageId-2="6" captionTargetPageId-3="7" captionTargetPageId-4="8" captionTargetPageId-5="9" captionTargetPageId-6="10" captionText-0="Fig 1. Light micrographs of the holotypic adult male of Nanaloricus valdemari sp. nov. Anterior faces up in all aspects. (A) Ventral view of the extended specimen. Note that the mouth tube is not fully extended. (B) Dorsal view of the specimen. Note the pair of longitudinal stripes (ls) spanning the anterior two thirds of the dorsal plate of the lorica. (C) Anterior region of the specimen, dorsal view. (D) Close-up of the posterior region of the introvert and neck, ventral view. White arrowhead points to the small, midventral anterior spike. Arrows point to trichoscalid sensory organs. Abbreviations: af, anal field; bpa/b, basal plate of type a or b; cs, clavoscalid; dp, dorsal plate; fu, oral furca; in, introvert; lo, lorica; mc, mouth cone; mt, mouth tube; sp (and black arrowheads), anterior spike; sr, spinoscalid of 8th or 9th row; ss, spinoscalid; tp, trichoscalid plate; tr, trichoscalid; vlp, ventrolateral plate; vp, 8/9 ventral plate. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0250403.g001" captionText-1="Fig 2. Line art drawing of the adult male habitus of Nanaloricus valdemari sp. nov. Ventral view of the body, anterior faces up. Note that only a selected number of scalids from rows 1 to 8 are represented for clarity. Abbreviations: af, anal field; bpa/b, basal plates of type a and b; bu, buccal tube; cs, clavoscalid; dlp, dorsolateral plate; fu, oral furca; gl?, putative gland outlet; in, introvert; lo, lorica; mc, mouth cone; mo, mouth aperture; mt, mouth tube; mvs, midventral anterior spike; ne, neck; or1/2, oral ridges of type 1 and 2; sr2–9, spinoscalids of 2nd to 9th row (including sr, i.e. type a and b spinoscalids of the 4th row); sp (and black arrowheads), anterior spike; to, trichoscalid 4a/b sensory organ; tp, trichoscalid plate; tr1, single trichoscalid; tr2, double trichoscalid; vlp, ventrolateral plate; vp, ventral plate. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0250403.g002" captionText-2="Fig 3. Line art drawing of the adult male partial habitus of Nanaloricus valdemari sp. nov. Dorsal view of the lorica, anterior faces up. Abbreviations: ac, anal cone; dlp, dorsolateral plate; dp, dorsal plate; fl, flosculum; go?, putative gonopore; ls, longitudinal stripe; sp (and arrowhead), anterior spike. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0250403.g003" captionText-3="Fig 4. Light micrographs of the allotypic adult female of Nanaloricus valdemari sp. nov. Anterior faces up in all aspects. (A) Overview of the specimen, dorsal view. Note that the mouth tube is not fully extended. Note also the pair of longitudinal stripes (ls) spanning the anterior two thirds of the dorsal plate of the lorica. (B) Close-up of the anterior region of the specimen, dorsal view. Arrow points to the two most distal segments of a clavoscalid.(C) Close-up of the introvert, neck and anterior region of the abdomen, dorsal view. (D) Posterior region, ventral view. Double-headed arrows point to large pores (gland outlets?) situated on the posterior region of the ventral plate. (E) Posterior region, dorsal view. Note the putative gonopores (go?) located on the" captionText-4="Fig 5. Light micrographs of a paratypic adult female of Nanaloricus valdemari sp. nov. Anterior faces up in both aspects, dorsal view. (A) Overview of the specimen with extended introvert and fully extended mouth tube. (B) Close-up of the anterior region of the body. Abbreviations: bu, buccal tube; cs, clavoscalids; in, introvert; lo, lorica; ls, longitudinal stripe; mc, mouth cone; mt, mouth tube; or, oral ridge; sp, anterior spike; ss spinoscalid; tr, trichoscalid. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0250403.g005" captionText-5="Fig 6. Light micrographs of three live specimens of Nanaloricus valdemari sp. nov. Anterior faces up in all aspects. (A) Overview of a female adult with head almost fully retracted. Internally, note the presence of the large ovaries (ov) in the abdomen. (B) Overview of a female adult (different from that shown in A). Note the pair of longitudinal stripes (ls) spanning the anterior two thirds of the dorsal plate of the lorica. (C and D) Overview of a male adult with head almost fully retracted. Note the presence, within the abdomen, of a testis (te) containing spermatozoa (sz). Note also the relative position of the pharyngeal bulb (pb) in this retracted animal. Abbreviations: af, anal field; bu, buccal tube; cs, clavoscalid; dp, dorsal plate; lo, lorica; sp, anterior spike; ss spinoscalid; tr, trichoscalid. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0250403.g006" captionText-6="Fig 7. Scanning electron micrographs of three paratypic adult males of Nanaloricus valdemari sp. nov. (A) Overview of extended specimen, ventral view, anterior faces up. Same specimen as in C and D. Note the multiform clavoscalids: the ventralmost pair is unbranched (and similar to the eight female clavoscalids), while the others are divided into three branches. (B) Close up of the mouth tube (mt). Same specimen as in E. Note the honeycomb sculpture (hs) of the cuticle. (C) Anterior region of the body, ventral view. Note the difference between single (tr1) and double trichoscalids (tr2). White arrowhead points to the small midventral anterior spike. White" figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13151728" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13151732" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13151735" figureDoi-3="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13151737" figureDoi-4="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13151745" figureDoi-5="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13151747" figureDoi-6="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13151751" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/13151728/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/13151732/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/13151735/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/13151737/files/figure.png" httpUri-4="https://zenodo.org/record/13151745/files/figure.png" httpUri-5="https://zenodo.org/record/13151747/files/figure.png" httpUri-6="https://zenodo.org/record/13151751/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Figs 1–7</figureCitation>
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BDF07691F517DFCDBFDC9C421FDD6" box="[881,890,582,605]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">)</emphasis>
|
||
. Divided into head (mouth cone and introvert), neck, thorax, and abdomen. The holotypic adult male (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13041F90691F517DFC53FDE7C375FD0B" box="[1017,1070,616,640]" captionStart="Fig 1" captionStartId="4.[416,444,1699,1718]" captionTargetBox="[419,1533,183,1681]" captionTargetId="figure-3@4.[416,1536,180,1684]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig 1. Light micrographs of the holotypic adult male of Nanaloricus valdemari sp. nov. Anterior faces up in all aspects. (A) Ventral view of the extended specimen. Note that the mouth tube is not fully extended. (B) Dorsal view of the specimen. Note the pair of longitudinal stripes (ls) spanning the anterior two thirds of the dorsal plate of the lorica. (C) Anterior region of the specimen, dorsal view. (D) Close-up of the posterior region of the introvert and neck, ventral view. White arrowhead points to the small, midventral anterior spike. Arrows point to trichoscalid sensory organs. Abbreviations: af, anal field; bpa/b, basal plate of type a or b; cs, clavoscalid; dp, dorsal plate; fu, oral furca; in, introvert; lo, lorica; mc, mouth cone; mt, mouth tube; sp (and black arrowheads), anterior spike; sr, spinoscalid of 8th or 9th row; ss, spinoscalid; tp, trichoscalid plate; tr, trichoscalid; vlp, ventrolateral plate; vp, 8/9 ventral plate. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0250403.g001" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13151728" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13151728/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig 1</figureCitation>
|
||
) is 235 μm long, including the mouth cone, and 74 μm wide.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B800315691F517DFD9FFD22C297FD63" blockId="8.[533,1532,374,744]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BDF07691F517DFD9FFD22C584FD4E" box="[565,735,685,709]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Mouth cone (mc</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13041F90691F517DFD41FD21C472FD4D" box="[747,809,686,710]" captionStart="Fig 1" captionStartId="4.[416,444,1699,1718]" captionTargetBox="[419,1533,183,1681]" captionTargetId="figure-3@4.[416,1536,180,1684]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig 1. Light micrographs of the holotypic adult male of Nanaloricus valdemari sp. nov. Anterior faces up in all aspects. (A) Ventral view of the extended specimen. Note that the mouth tube is not fully extended. (B) Dorsal view of the specimen. Note the pair of longitudinal stripes (ls) spanning the anterior two thirds of the dorsal plate of the lorica. (C) Anterior region of the specimen, dorsal view. (D) Close-up of the posterior region of the introvert and neck, ventral view. White arrowhead points to the small, midventral anterior spike. Arrows point to trichoscalid sensory organs. Abbreviations: af, anal field; bpa/b, basal plate of type a or b; cs, clavoscalid; dp, dorsal plate; fu, oral furca; in, introvert; lo, lorica; mc, mouth cone; mt, mouth tube; sp (and black arrowheads), anterior spike; sr, spinoscalid of 8th or 9th row; ss, spinoscalid; tp, trichoscalid plate; tr, trichoscalid; vlp, ventrolateral plate; vp, 8/9 ventral plate. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0250403.g001" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13151728" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13151728/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Figs 1</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13041F90691F517DFC9FFD21C419FD4D" box="[821,834,686,710]" captionStart="Fig 2" captionStartId="5.[372,400,1734,1753]" captionTargetBox="[375,1533,211,1709]" captionTargetId="figure-3@5.[372,1536,208,1712]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig 2. Line art drawing of the adult male habitus of Nanaloricus valdemari sp. nov. Ventral view of the body, anterior faces up. Note that only a selected number of scalids from rows 1 to 8 are represented for clarity. Abbreviations: af, anal field; bpa/b, basal plates of type a and b; bu, buccal tube; cs, clavoscalid; dlp, dorsolateral plate; fu, oral furca; gl?, putative gland outlet; in, introvert; lo, lorica; mc, mouth cone; mo, mouth aperture; mt, mouth tube; mvs, midventral anterior spike; ne, neck; or1/2, oral ridges of type 1 and 2; sr2–9, spinoscalids of 2nd to 9th row (including sr, i.e. type a and b spinoscalids of the 4th row); sp (and black arrowheads), anterior spike; to, trichoscalid 4a/b sensory organ; tp, trichoscalid plate; tr1, single trichoscalid; tr2, double trichoscalid; vlp, ventrolateral plate; vp, ventral plate. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0250403.g002" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13151732" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13151732/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">2</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13041F90691F517DFCE4FD21C400FD4D" box="[846,859,686,710]" captionStart="Fig 4" captionStartId="7.[416,444,1727,1746]" captionTargetBox="[419,1533,211,1709]" captionTargetId="figure-1@7.[416,1536,208,1712]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Fig 4. Light micrographs of the allotypic adult female of Nanaloricus valdemari sp. nov. Anterior faces up in all aspects. (A) Overview of the specimen, dorsal view. Note that the mouth tube is not fully extended. Note also the pair of longitudinal stripes (ls) spanning the anterior two thirds of the dorsal plate of the lorica. (B) Close-up of the anterior region of the specimen, dorsal view. Arrow points to the two most distal segments of a clavoscalid.(C) Close-up of the introvert, neck and anterior region of the abdomen, dorsal view. (D) Posterior region, ventral view. Double-headed arrows point to large pores (gland outlets?) situated on the posterior region of the ventral plate. (E) Posterior region, dorsal view. Note the putative gonopores (go?) located on the" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13151737" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13151737/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">4</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13041F90691F517DFCCCFD21C428FD4D" box="[870,883,686,710]" captionStart="Fig 5" captionStartId="8.[293,321,1768,1787]" captionTargetBox="[296,1533,821,1741]" captionTargetId="figure-235@8.[293,1536,818,1746]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Fig 5. Light micrographs of a paratypic adult female of Nanaloricus valdemari sp. nov. Anterior faces up in both aspects, dorsal view. (A) Overview of the specimen with extended introvert and fully extended mouth tube. (B) Close-up of the anterior region of the body. Abbreviations: bu, buccal tube; cs, clavoscalids; in, introvert; lo, lorica; ls, longitudinal stripe; mc, mouth cone; mt, mouth tube; or, oral ridge; sp, anterior spike; ss spinoscalid; tr, trichoscalid. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0250403.g005" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13151745" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13151745/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">5</figureCitation>
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BDF07691F517DFCD3FD22C4F9FD4E" box="[889,930,685,709]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">and</emphasis>
|
||
<figureCitation id="13041F90691F517DFC0DFD21C4EFFD4D" box="[935,948,686,710]" captionStart="Fig 7" captionStartId="10.[394,422,1759,1778]" captionTargetBox="[394,1536,208,1744]" captionTargetId="figure-1@10.[394,1536,208,1744]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Fig 7. Scanning electron micrographs of three paratypic adult males of Nanaloricus valdemari sp. nov. (A) Overview of extended specimen, ventral view, anterior faces up. Same specimen as in C and D. Note the multiform clavoscalids: the ventralmost pair is unbranched (and similar to the eight female clavoscalids), while the others are divided into three branches. (B) Close up of the mouth tube (mt). Same specimen as in E. Note the honeycomb sculpture (hs) of the cuticle. (C) Anterior region of the body, ventral view. Note the difference between single (tr1) and double trichoscalids (tr2). White arrowhead points to the small midventral anterior spike. White" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13151751" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13151751/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">7</figureCitation>
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BDF07691F517DFC1EFD21C4E6FD4E" box="[948,957,686,709]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">)</emphasis>
|
||
. Long (ca. 60 μm in length), and with three distinct sections. The proximal section is broad, short and with eight conspicuous, sclerotized oral
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF40539D691F517DFE8FF967C5E6F8FB" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13151745" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13151745" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13151745/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" startId="8.[293,321,1768,1787]" targetBox="[296,1533,821,1741]" targetPageId="8" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B800315691F517DFE8FF967C555F8CC" blockId="8.[293,1523,1767,1904]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BDF07691F517DFE8FF967C346F970" bold="true" box="[293,1053,1767,1787]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
Fig 5. Light micrographs of a paratypic adult female of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F7896691F517DFCA6F968C48FF971" authorityName="Neves & Kristensen & Møbjerg" authorityYear="2021" box="[780,980,1767,1786]" family="Nanaloricidae" genus="Nanaloricus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nanaloricida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Loricifera" rank="species" species="valdemari" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BDF07691F517DFCA6F968C48FF971" bold="true" box="[780,980,1767,1786]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Nanaloricus valdemari</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A278627C691F517DFC73F967C346F970" box="[985,1053,1768,1787]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Anterior faces up in both aspects, dorsal view. (A) Overview of the specimen with extended introvert and fully extended mouth tube. (B) Close-up of the anterior region of the body. Abbreviations: bu, buccal tube; cs, clavoscalids; in, introvert; lo, lorica; ls, longitudinal stripe; mc, mouth cone; mt, mouth tube; or, oral ridge; sp, anterior spike; ss spinoscalid; tr, trichoscalid.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B800315691F517DFE8FF8D2C5E6F8FB" blockId="8.[293,1523,1767,1904]" box="[293,701,1885,1904]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0250403.g005</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF40539D691E517CFE0AF936C46CF805" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13151747" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13151747" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13151747/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" startId="9.[416,444,1721,1740]" targetBox="[419,1533,199,1697]" targetPageId="9" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B800315691E517CFE0AF936C552F8EE" blockId="9.[416,1532,1721,1934]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BDF07691E517CFE0AF936C32FF947" bold="true" box="[416,1140,1721,1740]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
Fig 6. Light micrographs of three live specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F7896691E517CFCC9F936C370F947" authorityName="Neves & Kristensen & Møbjerg" authorityYear="2021" box="[867,1067,1721,1740]" family="Nanaloricidae" genus="Nanaloricus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nanaloricida" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Loricifera" rank="species" species="valdemari" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BDF07691E517CFCC9F936C370F947" bold="true" box="[867,1067,1721,1740]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Nanaloricus valdemari</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A278627C691E517CFB9AF936C32FF947" box="[1072,1140,1721,1740]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Anterior faces up in all aspects. (A) Overview of a female adult with head almost fully retracted. Internally, note the presence of the large ovaries (ov) in the abdomen. (B) Overview of a female adult (different from that shown in A). Note the pair of longitudinal stripes (ls) spanning the anterior two thirds of the dorsal plate of the lorica. (C and D) Overview of a male adult with head almost fully retracted. Note the presence, within the abdomen, of a testis (te) containing spermatozoa (sz). Note also the relative position of the pharyngeal bulb (pb) in this retracted animal. Abbreviations: af, anal field; bu, buccal tube; cs, clavoscalid; dp, dorsal plate; lo, lorica; sp, anterior spike; ss spinoscalid; tr, trichoscalid.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B800315691E517CFE0AF8F4C46CF805" blockId="9.[416,1532,1721,1934]" box="[416,823,1915,1934]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0250403.g006</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF40539D691D517FFE20F950C2A2F8D3" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13151751" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13151751" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13151751/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" startId="10.[394,422,1759,1778]" targetBox="[394,1536,208,1744]" targetPageId="10" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B800315691D517FFE20F950C2A2F8D3" blockId="10.[394,1533,1759,1882]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BDF07691D517FFE20F950C257F979" bold="true" box="[394,1292,1759,1778]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
Fig 7. Scanning electron micrographs of three paratypic adult males of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F7896691D517FFC51F950C398F979" authorityName="Neves & Kristensen & Møbjerg" authorityYear="2021" box="[1019,1219,1759,1778]" family="Nanaloricidae" genus="Nanaloricus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nanaloricida" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Loricifera" rank="species" species="valdemari" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BDF07691D517FFC51F950C398F979" bold="true" box="[1019,1219,1759,1778]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Nanaloricus valdemari</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A278627C691D517FFB62F950C257F979" box="[1224,1292,1759,1778]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(A) Overview of extended specimen, ventral view, anterior faces up. Same specimen as in C and D. Note the multiform clavoscalids: the ventralmost pair is unbranched (and similar to the eight female clavoscalids), while the others are divided into three branches. (B) Close up of the mouth tube (mt). Same specimen as in E. Note the honeycomb sculpture (hs) of the cuticle. (C) Anterior region of the body, ventral view. Note the difference between single (tr
|
||
<subScript id="17BB0150691D517FFD32F8C2C5FBF8D1" attach="left" box="[664,672,1869,1882]" fontSize="5" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">1</subScript>
|
||
) and double trichoscalids (tr
|
||
<subScript id="17BB0150691D517FFC39F8C2C4C0F8D1" attach="left" box="[915,923,1869,1882]" fontSize="5" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">2</subScript>
|
||
). White arrowhead points to the small midventral anterior spike. White
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B800315691C517EFE20FF5FC28CFE25" blockId="11.[394,1533,208,430]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
arrows point to lorical pores. (D) Close up of the midventral pair of single trichoscalids, each of which protrudes from a plate characterized by a large pore (white double-headed arrow). The inset shows a magnification of the double trichoscalid sensory organ (to), which possesses a small pore (black arrows). (E) Close up of spinoscalids of 9
|
||
<superScript id="7C4AAE5D691C517EFB92FF71C31EFE80" attach="left" box="[1080,1093,254,267]" fontSize="5" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">th</superScript>
|
||
row (sr
|
||
<subScript id="17BB0150691C517EFB2DFE84C3D4FE93" attach="right" box="[1159,1167,267,280]" fontSize="5" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">9</subScript>
|
||
) and basal plates, one of each
|
||
<typeStatus id="5484BDB7691C517EFA26FE8DC2EBFE9E" box="[1420,1456,258,277]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">type</typeStatus>
|
||
(
|
||
<subScript id="17BB0150691C517EFA10FE8DC283FE93" attach="left" box="[1466,1496,258,280]" fontSize="5" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">bpa</subScript>
|
||
and
|
||
<subScript id="17BB0150691C517EFE20FE93C6FCFEBA" attach="left" box="[394,423,284,305]" fontSize="5" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">bpb</subScript>
|
||
). Note the long hairs (ha) scattered along the length of the distal segments of a spinoscalid of 7
|
||
<superScript id="7C4AAE5D691C517EFB68FE98C394FEAF" attach="left" box="[1218,1231,279,292]" fontSize="5" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">th</superScript>
|
||
(?) row. (F) Detail of a cluster of flosculi arranged in a rectangular pattern on the dorsolateral plate. Same specimen as in G. (G) Overview of the posterodorsal region of the lorica. Note the pair of longitudinal stripes (ls) that span the anterior two thirds of the dorsal plate (dp). Black double arrowheads indicate the clusters of flosculi situated on the dorsolateral plates (dlp), while the white double arrowheads point to the small flosculum situated on the dorsal plate. Abbreviations: ac, anal cone; cs, clavoscalid; dlp, dorsolateral plate; fu, oral furca; lo, lorica; mc, mouth cone; or, oral ridge; ss, spinoscalid; sp, anterior spike; tp, trichoscalid plate; tr, trichoscalid; vlp, ventrolateral plate; vp, ventral plate.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B800315691C517EFE20FE4BC47AFE5C" blockId="11.[394,801,452,471]" box="[394,801,452,471]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0250403.g007</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B800315691C517EFDBFFD95C4EEFCE1" blockId="11.[533,1536,538,1880]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
furcae (fu) arranged radially (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13041F90691C517EFCE7FD95C4D7FDB9" box="[845,908,538,562]" captionStart="Fig 2" captionStartId="5.[372,400,1734,1753]" captionTargetBox="[375,1533,211,1709]" captionTargetId="figure-3@5.[372,1536,208,1712]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig 2. Line art drawing of the adult male habitus of Nanaloricus valdemari sp. nov. Ventral view of the body, anterior faces up. Note that only a selected number of scalids from rows 1 to 8 are represented for clarity. Abbreviations: af, anal field; bpa/b, basal plates of type a and b; bu, buccal tube; cs, clavoscalid; dlp, dorsolateral plate; fu, oral furca; gl?, putative gland outlet; in, introvert; lo, lorica; mc, mouth cone; mo, mouth aperture; mt, mouth tube; mvs, midventral anterior spike; ne, neck; or1/2, oral ridges of type 1 and 2; sr2–9, spinoscalids of 2nd to 9th row (including sr, i.e. type a and b spinoscalids of the 4th row); sp (and black arrowheads), anterior spike; to, trichoscalid 4a/b sensory organ; tp, trichoscalid plate; tr1, single trichoscalid; tr2, double trichoscalid; vlp, ventrolateral plate; vp, ventral plate. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0250403.g002" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13151732" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13151732/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Figs 2</figureCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<figureCitation id="13041F90691C517EFC6AFD95C484FDB9" box="[960,991,538,562]" captionStart="Fig 7" captionStartId="10.[394,422,1759,1778]" captionTargetBox="[394,1536,208,1744]" captionTargetId="figure-1@10.[394,1536,208,1744]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Fig 7. Scanning electron micrographs of three paratypic adult males of Nanaloricus valdemari sp. nov. (A) Overview of extended specimen, ventral view, anterior faces up. Same specimen as in C and D. Note the multiform clavoscalids: the ventralmost pair is unbranched (and similar to the eight female clavoscalids), while the others are divided into three branches. (B) Close up of the mouth tube (mt). Same specimen as in E. Note the honeycomb sculpture (hs) of the cuticle. (C) Anterior region of the body, ventral view. Note the difference between single (tr1) and double trichoscalids (tr2). White arrowhead points to the small midventral anterior spike. White" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13151751" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13151751/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">7C</figureCitation>
|
||
). These eight furcae are of identical structure and they each extend into an oral ridge (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13041F90691C517EFC39FDB2C35EFDDE" box="[915,1029,573,597]" captionStart="Fig 7" captionStartId="10.[394,422,1759,1778]" captionTargetBox="[394,1536,208,1744]" captionTargetId="figure-1@10.[394,1536,208,1744]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Fig 7. Scanning electron micrographs of three paratypic adult males of Nanaloricus valdemari sp. nov. (A) Overview of extended specimen, ventral view, anterior faces up. Same specimen as in C and D. Note the multiform clavoscalids: the ventralmost pair is unbranched (and similar to the eight female clavoscalids), while the others are divided into three branches. (B) Close up of the mouth tube (mt). Same specimen as in E. Note the honeycomb sculpture (hs) of the cuticle. (C) Anterior region of the body, ventral view. Note the difference between single (tr1) and double trichoscalids (tr2). White arrowhead points to the small midventral anterior spike. White" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13151751" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13151751/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig 7A–7C</figureCitation>
|
||
). The middle section is long, conical and characterised by the eight oral ridges of different lengths (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13041F90691C517EFBE2FDEFC326FDF3" box="[1096,1149,608,632]" captionStart="Fig 2" captionStartId="5.[372,400,1734,1753]" captionTargetBox="[375,1533,211,1709]" captionTargetId="figure-3@5.[372,1536,208,1712]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig 2. Line art drawing of the adult male habitus of Nanaloricus valdemari sp. nov. Ventral view of the body, anterior faces up. Note that only a selected number of scalids from rows 1 to 8 are represented for clarity. Abbreviations: af, anal field; bpa/b, basal plates of type a and b; bu, buccal tube; cs, clavoscalid; dlp, dorsolateral plate; fu, oral furca; gl?, putative gland outlet; in, introvert; lo, lorica; mc, mouth cone; mo, mouth aperture; mt, mouth tube; mvs, midventral anterior spike; ne, neck; or1/2, oral ridges of type 1 and 2; sr2–9, spinoscalids of 2nd to 9th row (including sr, i.e. type a and b spinoscalids of the 4th row); sp (and black arrowheads), anterior spike; to, trichoscalid 4a/b sensory organ; tp, trichoscalid plate; tr1, single trichoscalid; tr2, double trichoscalid; vlp, ventrolateral plate; vp, ventral plate. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0250403.g002" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13151732" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13151732/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig 2</figureCitation>
|
||
). Four primary oral ridges (or
|
||
<subScript id="17BB0150691C517EFA17FDE5C29CFDF1" attach="left" box="[1469,1479,618,634]" fontSize="7" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">1</subScript>
|
||
) are long and span the whole middle section, while four secondary oral ridges (or
|
||
<subScript id="17BB0150691C517EFA95FD02C213FD16" attach="left" box="[1343,1352,653,669]" fontSize="7" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">2</subScript>
|
||
) are short and span only the posterior three quarters of the middle section (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13041F90691C517EFB3FFD2AC38EFD36" box="[1173,1237,677,701]" captionStart="Fig 2" captionStartId="5.[372,400,1734,1753]" captionTargetBox="[375,1533,211,1709]" captionTargetId="figure-3@5.[372,1536,208,1712]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig 2. Line art drawing of the adult male habitus of Nanaloricus valdemari sp. nov. Ventral view of the body, anterior faces up. Note that only a selected number of scalids from rows 1 to 8 are represented for clarity. Abbreviations: af, anal field; bpa/b, basal plates of type a and b; bu, buccal tube; cs, clavoscalid; dlp, dorsolateral plate; fu, oral furca; gl?, putative gland outlet; in, introvert; lo, lorica; mc, mouth cone; mo, mouth aperture; mt, mouth tube; mvs, midventral anterior spike; ne, neck; or1/2, oral ridges of type 1 and 2; sr2–9, spinoscalids of 2nd to 9th row (including sr, i.e. type a and b spinoscalids of the 4th row); sp (and black arrowheads), anterior spike; to, trichoscalid 4a/b sensory organ; tp, trichoscalid plate; tr1, single trichoscalid; tr2, double trichoscalid; vlp, ventrolateral plate; vp, ventral plate. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0250403.g002" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13151732" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13151732/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Figs 2</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13041F90691C517EFB4AFD2AC3B6FD36" box="[1248,1261,677,701]" captionStart="Fig 4" captionStartId="7.[416,444,1727,1746]" captionTargetBox="[419,1533,211,1709]" captionTargetId="figure-1@7.[416,1536,208,1712]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Fig 4. Light micrographs of the allotypic adult female of Nanaloricus valdemari sp. nov. Anterior faces up in all aspects. (A) Overview of the specimen, dorsal view. Note that the mouth tube is not fully extended. Note also the pair of longitudinal stripes (ls) spanning the anterior two thirds of the dorsal plate of the lorica. (B) Close-up of the anterior region of the specimen, dorsal view. Arrow points to the two most distal segments of a clavoscalid.(C) Close-up of the introvert, neck and anterior region of the abdomen, dorsal view. (D) Posterior region, ventral view. Double-headed arrows point to large pores (gland outlets?) situated on the posterior region of the ventral plate. (E) Posterior region, dorsal view. Note the putative gonopores (go?) located on the" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13151737" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13151737/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">4</figureCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<figureCitation id="13041F90691C517EFA8BFD2AC2CBFD36" box="[1313,1424,677,701]" captionStart="Fig 7" captionStartId="10.[394,422,1759,1778]" captionTargetBox="[394,1536,208,1744]" captionTargetId="figure-1@10.[394,1536,208,1744]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Fig 7. Scanning electron micrographs of three paratypic adult males of Nanaloricus valdemari sp. nov. (A) Overview of extended specimen, ventral view, anterior faces up. Same specimen as in C and D. Note the multiform clavoscalids: the ventralmost pair is unbranched (and similar to the eight female clavoscalids), while the others are divided into three branches. (B) Close up of the mouth tube (mt). Same specimen as in E. Note the honeycomb sculpture (hs) of the cuticle. (C) Anterior region of the body, ventral view. Note the difference between single (tr1) and double trichoscalids (tr2). White arrowhead points to the small midventral anterior spike. White" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13151751" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13151751/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">7A and 7B</figureCitation>
|
||
). Both the proximal and middle sections are characterized by a well-defined honeycomb sculpture of the cuticle (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13041F90691C517EFDC2FD65C5F3FC89" box="[616,680,746,770]" captionStart="Fig 2" captionStartId="5.[372,400,1734,1753]" captionTargetBox="[375,1533,211,1709]" captionTargetId="figure-3@5.[372,1536,208,1712]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig 2. Line art drawing of the adult male habitus of Nanaloricus valdemari sp. nov. Ventral view of the body, anterior faces up. Note that only a selected number of scalids from rows 1 to 8 are represented for clarity. Abbreviations: af, anal field; bpa/b, basal plates of type a and b; bu, buccal tube; cs, clavoscalid; dlp, dorsolateral plate; fu, oral furca; gl?, putative gland outlet; in, introvert; lo, lorica; mc, mouth cone; mo, mouth aperture; mt, mouth tube; mvs, midventral anterior spike; ne, neck; or1/2, oral ridges of type 1 and 2; sr2–9, spinoscalids of 2nd to 9th row (including sr, i.e. type a and b spinoscalids of the 4th row); sp (and black arrowheads), anterior spike; to, trichoscalid 4a/b sensory organ; tp, trichoscalid plate; tr1, single trichoscalid; tr2, double trichoscalid; vlp, ventrolateral plate; vp, ventral plate. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0250403.g002" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13151732" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13151732/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Figs 2</figureCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<figureCitation id="13041F90691C517EFD76FD65C5A3FC89" box="[732,760,746,770]" captionStart="Fig 7" captionStartId="10.[394,422,1759,1778]" captionTargetBox="[394,1536,208,1744]" captionTargetId="figure-1@10.[394,1536,208,1744]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Fig 7. Scanning electron micrographs of three paratypic adult males of Nanaloricus valdemari sp. nov. (A) Overview of extended specimen, ventral view, anterior faces up. Same specimen as in C and D. Note the multiform clavoscalids: the ventralmost pair is unbranched (and similar to the eight female clavoscalids), while the others are divided into three branches. (B) Close up of the mouth tube (mt). Same specimen as in E. Note the honeycomb sculpture (hs) of the cuticle. (C) Anterior region of the body, ventral view. Note the difference between single (tr1) and double trichoscalids (tr2). White arrowhead points to the small midventral anterior spike. White" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13151751" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13151751/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">7B</figureCitation>
|
||
). The distal section consists of a seemingly short mouth tube (mt), which is slightly bulbous posteriorly and ends with a terminal mouth aperture. However, the mouth tube is telescopic and can extend outside of the mouth cone, significantly increasing its total length (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13041F90691C517EFDCDFCDDC5C7FCE1" box="[615,668,850,874]" captionStart="Fig 5" captionStartId="8.[293,321,1768,1787]" captionTargetBox="[296,1533,821,1741]" captionTargetId="figure-235@8.[293,1536,818,1746]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Fig 5. Light micrographs of a paratypic adult female of Nanaloricus valdemari sp. nov. Anterior faces up in both aspects, dorsal view. (A) Overview of the specimen with extended introvert and fully extended mouth tube. (B) Close-up of the anterior region of the body. Abbreviations: bu, buccal tube; cs, clavoscalids; in, introvert; lo, lorica; ls, longitudinal stripe; mc, mouth cone; mt, mouth tube; or, oral ridge; sp, anterior spike; ss spinoscalid; tr, trichoscalid. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0250403.g005" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13151745" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13151745/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig 5</figureCitation>
|
||
). There are no oral stylets.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B800315691C517EFD9FFCFAC4E9FC3B" blockId="11.[533,1536,538,1880]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BDF07691C517EFD9FFCFAC5EDFC07" box="[565,694,885,908]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Introvert (in</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13041F90691C517EFD68FCFAC45BFC06" box="[706,768,885,909]" captionStart="Fig 1" captionStartId="4.[416,444,1699,1718]" captionTargetBox="[419,1533,183,1681]" captionTargetId="figure-3@4.[416,1536,180,1684]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig 1. Light micrographs of the holotypic adult male of Nanaloricus valdemari sp. nov. Anterior faces up in all aspects. (A) Ventral view of the extended specimen. Note that the mouth tube is not fully extended. (B) Dorsal view of the specimen. Note the pair of longitudinal stripes (ls) spanning the anterior two thirds of the dorsal plate of the lorica. (C) Anterior region of the specimen, dorsal view. (D) Close-up of the posterior region of the introvert and neck, ventral view. White arrowhead points to the small, midventral anterior spike. Arrows point to trichoscalid sensory organs. Abbreviations: af, anal field; bpa/b, basal plate of type a or b; cs, clavoscalid; dp, dorsal plate; fu, oral furca; in, introvert; lo, lorica; mc, mouth cone; mt, mouth tube; sp (and black arrowheads), anterior spike; sr, spinoscalid of 8th or 9th row; ss, spinoscalid; tp, trichoscalid plate; tr, trichoscalid; vlp, ventrolateral plate; vp, 8/9 ventral plate. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0250403.g001" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13151728" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13151728/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Figs 1</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13041F90691C517EFCA6FCFAC442FC06" box="[780,793,885,909]" captionStart="Fig 2" captionStartId="5.[372,400,1734,1753]" captionTargetBox="[375,1533,211,1709]" captionTargetId="figure-3@5.[372,1536,208,1712]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig 2. Line art drawing of the adult male habitus of Nanaloricus valdemari sp. nov. Ventral view of the body, anterior faces up. Note that only a selected number of scalids from rows 1 to 8 are represented for clarity. Abbreviations: af, anal field; bpa/b, basal plates of type a and b; bu, buccal tube; cs, clavoscalid; dlp, dorsolateral plate; fu, oral furca; gl?, putative gland outlet; in, introvert; lo, lorica; mc, mouth cone; mo, mouth aperture; mt, mouth tube; mvs, midventral anterior spike; ne, neck; or1/2, oral ridges of type 1 and 2; sr2–9, spinoscalids of 2nd to 9th row (including sr, i.e. type a and b spinoscalids of the 4th row); sp (and black arrowheads), anterior spike; to, trichoscalid 4a/b sensory organ; tp, trichoscalid plate; tr1, single trichoscalid; tr2, double trichoscalid; vlp, ventrolateral plate; vp, ventral plate. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0250403.g002" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13151732" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13151732/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">2</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13041F90691C517EFC8FFCFAC469FC06" box="[805,818,885,909]" captionStart="Fig 4" captionStartId="7.[416,444,1727,1746]" captionTargetBox="[419,1533,211,1709]" captionTargetId="figure-1@7.[416,1536,208,1712]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Fig 4. Light micrographs of the allotypic adult female of Nanaloricus valdemari sp. nov. Anterior faces up in all aspects. (A) Overview of the specimen, dorsal view. Note that the mouth tube is not fully extended. Note also the pair of longitudinal stripes (ls) spanning the anterior two thirds of the dorsal plate of the lorica. (B) Close-up of the anterior region of the specimen, dorsal view. Arrow points to the two most distal segments of a clavoscalid.(C) Close-up of the introvert, neck and anterior region of the abdomen, dorsal view. (D) Posterior region, ventral view. Double-headed arrows point to large pores (gland outlets?) situated on the posterior region of the ventral plate. (E) Posterior region, dorsal view. Note the putative gonopores (go?) located on the" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13151737" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13151737/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">4</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13041F90691C517EFC97FCFAC411FC06" box="[829,842,885,909]" captionStart="Fig 5" captionStartId="8.[293,321,1768,1787]" captionTargetBox="[296,1533,821,1741]" captionTargetId="figure-235@8.[293,1536,818,1746]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Fig 5. Light micrographs of a paratypic adult female of Nanaloricus valdemari sp. nov. Anterior faces up in both aspects, dorsal view. (A) Overview of the specimen with extended introvert and fully extended mouth tube. (B) Close-up of the anterior region of the body. Abbreviations: bu, buccal tube; cs, clavoscalids; in, introvert; lo, lorica; ls, longitudinal stripe; mc, mouth cone; mt, mouth tube; or, oral ridge; sp, anterior spike; ss spinoscalid; tr, trichoscalid. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0250403.g005" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13151745" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13151745/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">5</figureCitation>
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BDF07691C517EFCFAFCFAC422FC06" box="[848,889,885,909]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">and</emphasis>
|
||
<figureCitation id="13041F90691C517EFCD4FCFAC4D0FC06" box="[894,907,885,909]" captionStart="Fig 7" captionStartId="10.[394,422,1759,1778]" captionTargetBox="[394,1536,208,1744]" captionTargetId="figure-1@10.[394,1536,208,1744]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Fig 7. Scanning electron micrographs of three paratypic adult males of Nanaloricus valdemari sp. nov. (A) Overview of extended specimen, ventral view, anterior faces up. Same specimen as in C and D. Note the multiform clavoscalids: the ventralmost pair is unbranched (and similar to the eight female clavoscalids), while the others are divided into three branches. (B) Close up of the mouth tube (mt). Same specimen as in E. Note the honeycomb sculpture (hs) of the cuticle. (C) Anterior region of the body, ventral view. Note the difference between single (tr1) and double trichoscalids (tr2). White arrowhead points to the small midventral anterior spike. White" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13151751" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13151751/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">7</figureCitation>
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BDF07691C517EFC21FCFAC4CFFC07" box="[907,916,885,908]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">)</emphasis>
|
||
. Round in shape and characterized by nine rows of scalids arranged radially (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13041F90691C517EFD7DFC17C44CFC3B" box="[727,791,920,944]" captionStart="Fig 1" captionStartId="4.[416,444,1699,1718]" captionTargetBox="[419,1533,183,1681]" captionTargetId="figure-3@4.[416,1536,180,1684]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig 1. Light micrographs of the holotypic adult male of Nanaloricus valdemari sp. nov. Anterior faces up in all aspects. (A) Ventral view of the extended specimen. Note that the mouth tube is not fully extended. (B) Dorsal view of the specimen. Note the pair of longitudinal stripes (ls) spanning the anterior two thirds of the dorsal plate of the lorica. (C) Anterior region of the specimen, dorsal view. (D) Close-up of the posterior region of the introvert and neck, ventral view. White arrowhead points to the small, midventral anterior spike. Arrows point to trichoscalid sensory organs. Abbreviations: af, anal field; bpa/b, basal plate of type a or b; cs, clavoscalid; dp, dorsal plate; fu, oral furca; in, introvert; lo, lorica; mc, mouth cone; mt, mouth tube; sp (and black arrowheads), anterior spike; sr, spinoscalid of 8th or 9th row; ss, spinoscalid; tp, trichoscalid plate; tr, trichoscalid; vlp, ventrolateral plate; vp, 8/9 ventral plate. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0250403.g001" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13151728" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13151728/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Figs 1</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13041F90691C517EFC89FC17C46BFC3B" box="[803,816,920,944]" captionStart="Fig 2" captionStartId="5.[372,400,1734,1753]" captionTargetBox="[375,1533,211,1709]" captionTargetId="figure-3@5.[372,1536,208,1712]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig 2. Line art drawing of the adult male habitus of Nanaloricus valdemari sp. nov. Ventral view of the body, anterior faces up. Note that only a selected number of scalids from rows 1 to 8 are represented for clarity. Abbreviations: af, anal field; bpa/b, basal plates of type a and b; bu, buccal tube; cs, clavoscalid; dlp, dorsolateral plate; fu, oral furca; gl?, putative gland outlet; in, introvert; lo, lorica; mc, mouth cone; mo, mouth aperture; mt, mouth tube; mvs, midventral anterior spike; ne, neck; or1/2, oral ridges of type 1 and 2; sr2–9, spinoscalids of 2nd to 9th row (including sr, i.e. type a and b spinoscalids of the 4th row); sp (and black arrowheads), anterior spike; to, trichoscalid 4a/b sensory organ; tp, trichoscalid plate; tr1, single trichoscalid; tr2, double trichoscalid; vlp, ventrolateral plate; vp, ventral plate. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0250403.g002" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13151732" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13151732/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">2</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13041F90691C517EFC91FC17C413FC3B" box="[827,840,920,944]" captionStart="Fig 4" captionStartId="7.[416,444,1727,1746]" captionTargetBox="[419,1533,211,1709]" captionTargetId="figure-1@7.[416,1536,208,1712]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Fig 4. Light micrographs of the allotypic adult female of Nanaloricus valdemari sp. nov. Anterior faces up in all aspects. (A) Overview of the specimen, dorsal view. Note that the mouth tube is not fully extended. Note also the pair of longitudinal stripes (ls) spanning the anterior two thirds of the dorsal plate of the lorica. (B) Close-up of the anterior region of the specimen, dorsal view. Arrow points to the two most distal segments of a clavoscalid.(C) Close-up of the introvert, neck and anterior region of the abdomen, dorsal view. (D) Posterior region, ventral view. Double-headed arrows point to large pores (gland outlets?) situated on the posterior region of the ventral plate. (E) Posterior region, dorsal view. Note the putative gonopores (go?) located on the" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13151737" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13151737/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">4</figureCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<figureCitation id="13041F90691C517EFCD6FC17C4F8FC3B" box="[892,931,920,944]" captionStart-0="Fig 5" captionStart-1="Fig 6" captionStart-2="Fig 7" captionStart-3="Fig 8" captionStartId-0="8.[293,321,1768,1787]" captionStartId-1="9.[416,444,1721,1740]" captionStartId-2="10.[394,422,1759,1778]" captionStartId-3="12.[474,502,1734,1753]" captionTargetBox-0="[296,1533,821,1741]" captionTargetBox-1="[419,1533,199,1697]" captionTargetBox-2="[394,1536,208,1744]" captionTargetBox-3="[477,1533,211,1709]" captionTargetId-0="figure-235@8.[293,1536,818,1746]" captionTargetId-1="figure-3@9.[416,1536,196,1700]" captionTargetId-2="figure-1@10.[394,1536,208,1744]" captionTargetId-3="figure-3@12.[474,1536,208,1712]" captionTargetPageId-0="8" captionTargetPageId-1="9" captionTargetPageId-2="10" captionTargetPageId-3="12" captionText-0="Fig 5. Light micrographs of a paratypic adult female of Nanaloricus valdemari sp. nov. Anterior faces up in both aspects, dorsal view. (A) Overview of the specimen with extended introvert and fully extended mouth tube. (B) Close-up of the anterior region of the body. Abbreviations: bu, buccal tube; cs, clavoscalids; in, introvert; lo, lorica; ls, longitudinal stripe; mc, mouth cone; mt, mouth tube; or, oral ridge; sp, anterior spike; ss spinoscalid; tr, trichoscalid. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0250403.g005" captionText-1="Fig 6. Light micrographs of three live specimens of Nanaloricus valdemari sp. nov. Anterior faces up in all aspects. (A) Overview of a female adult with head almost fully retracted. Internally, note the presence of the large ovaries (ov) in the abdomen. (B) Overview of a female adult (different from that shown in A). Note the pair of longitudinal stripes (ls) spanning the anterior two thirds of the dorsal plate of the lorica. (C and D) Overview of a male adult with head almost fully retracted. Note the presence, within the abdomen, of a testis (te) containing spermatozoa (sz). Note also the relative position of the pharyngeal bulb (pb) in this retracted animal. Abbreviations: af, anal field; bu, buccal tube; cs, clavoscalid; dp, dorsal plate; lo, lorica; sp, anterior spike; ss spinoscalid; tr, trichoscalid. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0250403.g006" captionText-2="Fig 7. Scanning electron micrographs of three paratypic adult males of Nanaloricus valdemari sp. nov. (A) Overview of extended specimen, ventral view, anterior faces up. Same specimen as in C and D. Note the multiform clavoscalids: the ventralmost pair is unbranched (and similar to the eight female clavoscalids), while the others are divided into three branches. (B) Close up of the mouth tube (mt). Same specimen as in E. Note the honeycomb sculpture (hs) of the cuticle. (C) Anterior region of the body, ventral view. Note the difference between single (tr1) and double trichoscalids (tr2). White arrowhead points to the small midventral anterior spike. White" captionText-3="Fig 8. Schematic diagrams of the distribution of introvert and neck appendages in adult forms of Nanaloricus valdemari sp. nov. and Nanaloricus mathildeae sp. nov. Note that for sake of clarity clavoscalid sexual dimorphism is not depicted. Note also that the shaded area indicates the neck region. (A) Polar diagram. (B) Planar projection. Abbreviations: bpa/b, basal plates of type a or b; cs, clavoscalid; MD, middorsal line; MV, midventral line; sr, scalids of 1st to 9th row; ss, spinoscalid; tp, 1–9 trichoscalid plate; tr1, single trichoscalid; tr2, double trichoscalid. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0250403.g008" figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13151745" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13151747" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13151751" figureDoi-3="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13151755" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/13151745/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/13151747/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/13151751/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/13151755/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">5–8</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B800315691C517EFD9FFC35C48DFA1E" blockId="11.[533,1536,538,1880]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
First row (sr1,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13041F90691C517EFD7BFC35C45EFC59" box="[721,773,954,978]" captionStart="Fig 8" captionStartId="12.[474,502,1734,1753]" captionTargetBox="[477,1533,211,1709]" captionTargetId="figure-3@12.[474,1536,208,1712]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Fig 8. Schematic diagrams of the distribution of introvert and neck appendages in adult forms of Nanaloricus valdemari sp. nov. and Nanaloricus mathildeae sp. nov. Note that for sake of clarity clavoscalid sexual dimorphism is not depicted. Note also that the shaded area indicates the neck region. (A) Polar diagram. (B) Planar projection. Abbreviations: bpa/b, basal plates of type a or b; cs, clavoscalid; MD, middorsal line; MV, midventral line; sr, scalids of 1st to 9th row; ss, spinoscalid; tp, 1–9 trichoscalid plate; tr1, single trichoscalid; tr2, double trichoscalid. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0250403.g008" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13151755" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13151755/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig 8</figureCitation>
|
||
) with eight clavoscalids (cs) that differ between males and females. In females (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13041F90691C517EFDD8FC52C5E9FC7E" box="[626,690,989,1013]" captionStart="Fig 4" captionStartId="7.[416,444,1727,1746]" captionTargetBox="[419,1533,211,1709]" captionTargetId="figure-1@7.[416,1536,208,1712]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Fig 4. Light micrographs of the allotypic adult female of Nanaloricus valdemari sp. nov. Anterior faces up in all aspects. (A) Overview of the specimen, dorsal view. Note that the mouth tube is not fully extended. Note also the pair of longitudinal stripes (ls) spanning the anterior two thirds of the dorsal plate of the lorica. (B) Close-up of the anterior region of the specimen, dorsal view. Arrow points to the two most distal segments of a clavoscalid.(C) Close-up of the introvert, neck and anterior region of the abdomen, dorsal view. (D) Posterior region, ventral view. Double-headed arrows point to large pores (gland outlets?) situated on the posterior region of the ventral plate. (E) Posterior region, dorsal view. Note the putative gonopores (go?) located on the" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13151737" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13151737/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Figs 4</figureCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<figureCitation id="13041F90691C517EFD4FFC52C5A9FC7E" box="[741,754,989,1013]" captionStart="Fig 5" captionStartId="8.[293,321,1768,1787]" captionTargetBox="[296,1533,821,1741]" captionTargetId="figure-235@8.[293,1536,818,1746]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Fig 5. Light micrographs of a paratypic adult female of Nanaloricus valdemari sp. nov. Anterior faces up in both aspects, dorsal view. (A) Overview of the specimen with extended introvert and fully extended mouth tube. (B) Close-up of the anterior region of the body. Abbreviations: bu, buccal tube; cs, clavoscalids; in, introvert; lo, lorica; ls, longitudinal stripe; mc, mouth cone; mt, mouth tube; or, oral ridge; sp, anterior spike; ss spinoscalid; tr, trichoscalid. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0250403.g005" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13151745" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13151745/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">5</figureCitation>
|
||
), the clavoscalids are divided into four segments. The first, most proximal segment is relatively short and consists of a conical base that protrudes from the introvert and extends distally into a curved, cylindrical shape with many small papillae arranged anteriorly. The second segment, which is the longest segment of the clavoscalid, is club-shaped and slightly serrated anteriorly. The third segment is very short and thin (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13041F90691C517EFB45FBE7C274FB0B" box="[1263,1327,1128,1152]" captionStart="Fig 2" captionStartId="5.[372,400,1734,1753]" captionTargetBox="[375,1533,211,1709]" captionTargetId="figure-3@5.[372,1536,208,1712]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig 2. Line art drawing of the adult male habitus of Nanaloricus valdemari sp. nov. Ventral view of the body, anterior faces up. Note that only a selected number of scalids from rows 1 to 8 are represented for clarity. Abbreviations: af, anal field; bpa/b, basal plates of type a and b; bu, buccal tube; cs, clavoscalid; dlp, dorsolateral plate; fu, oral furca; gl?, putative gland outlet; in, introvert; lo, lorica; mc, mouth cone; mo, mouth aperture; mt, mouth tube; mvs, midventral anterior spike; ne, neck; or1/2, oral ridges of type 1 and 2; sr2–9, spinoscalids of 2nd to 9th row (including sr, i.e. type a and b spinoscalids of the 4th row); sp (and black arrowheads), anterior spike; to, trichoscalid 4a/b sensory organ; tp, trichoscalid plate; tr1, single trichoscalid; tr2, double trichoscalid; vlp, ventrolateral plate; vp, ventral plate. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0250403.g002" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13151732" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13151732/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Figs 2</figureCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<figureCitation id="13041F90691C517EFAC9FBE7C224FB0B" box="[1379,1407,1128,1152]" captionStart="Fig 4" captionStartId="7.[416,444,1727,1746]" captionTargetBox="[419,1533,211,1709]" captionTargetId="figure-1@7.[416,1536,208,1712]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Fig 4. Light micrographs of the allotypic adult female of Nanaloricus valdemari sp. nov. Anterior faces up in all aspects. (A) Overview of the specimen, dorsal view. Note that the mouth tube is not fully extended. Note also the pair of longitudinal stripes (ls) spanning the anterior two thirds of the dorsal plate of the lorica. (B) Close-up of the anterior region of the specimen, dorsal view. Arrow points to the two most distal segments of a clavoscalid.(C) Close-up of the introvert, neck and anterior region of the abdomen, dorsal view. (D) Posterior region, ventral view. Double-headed arrows point to large pores (gland outlets?) situated on the posterior region of the ventral plate. (E) Posterior region, dorsal view. Note the putative gonopores (go?) located on the" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13151737" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13151737/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">4B</figureCitation>
|
||
). The fourth segment is also very short and ends as a spinose tip (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13041F90691C517EFB2FFB05C39EFB29" box="[1157,1221,1162,1186]" captionStart="Fig 2" captionStartId="5.[372,400,1734,1753]" captionTargetBox="[375,1533,211,1709]" captionTargetId="figure-3@5.[372,1536,208,1712]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig 2. Line art drawing of the adult male habitus of Nanaloricus valdemari sp. nov. Ventral view of the body, anterior faces up. Note that only a selected number of scalids from rows 1 to 8 are represented for clarity. Abbreviations: af, anal field; bpa/b, basal plates of type a and b; bu, buccal tube; cs, clavoscalid; dlp, dorsolateral plate; fu, oral furca; gl?, putative gland outlet; in, introvert; lo, lorica; mc, mouth cone; mo, mouth aperture; mt, mouth tube; mvs, midventral anterior spike; ne, neck; or1/2, oral ridges of type 1 and 2; sr2–9, spinoscalids of 2nd to 9th row (including sr, i.e. type a and b spinoscalids of the 4th row); sp (and black arrowheads), anterior spike; to, trichoscalid 4a/b sensory organ; tp, trichoscalid plate; tr1, single trichoscalid; tr2, double trichoscalid; vlp, ventrolateral plate; vp, ventral plate. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0250403.g002" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13151732" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13151732/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Figs 2</figureCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<figureCitation id="13041F90691C517EFB52FB05C24EFB29" box="[1272,1301,1162,1186]" captionStart="Fig 4" captionStartId="7.[416,444,1727,1746]" captionTargetBox="[419,1533,211,1709]" captionTargetId="figure-1@7.[416,1536,208,1712]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Fig 4. Light micrographs of the allotypic adult female of Nanaloricus valdemari sp. nov. Anterior faces up in all aspects. (A) Overview of the specimen, dorsal view. Note that the mouth tube is not fully extended. Note also the pair of longitudinal stripes (ls) spanning the anterior two thirds of the dorsal plate of the lorica. (B) Close-up of the anterior region of the specimen, dorsal view. Arrow points to the two most distal segments of a clavoscalid.(C) Close-up of the introvert, neck and anterior region of the abdomen, dorsal view. (D) Posterior region, ventral view. Double-headed arrows point to large pores (gland outlets?) situated on the posterior region of the ventral plate. (E) Posterior region, dorsal view. Note the putative gonopores (go?) located on the" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13151737" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13151737/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">4B</figureCitation>
|
||
). In males (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13041F90691C517EFA3BFB05C2B7FB29" box="[1425,1516,1162,1186]" captionStart-0="Fig 1" captionStart-1="Fig 2" captionStart-2="Fig 3" captionStartId-0="4.[416,444,1699,1718]" captionStartId-1="5.[372,400,1734,1753]" captionStartId-2="6.[533,561,1138,1157]" captionTargetBox-0="[419,1533,183,1681]" captionTargetBox-1="[375,1533,211,1709]" captionTargetBox-2="[536,1458,208,1103]" captionTargetId-0="figure-3@4.[416,1536,180,1684]" captionTargetId-1="figure-3@5.[372,1536,208,1712]" captionTargetId-2="figure-243@6.[533,1461,208,1116]" captionTargetPageId-0="4" captionTargetPageId-1="5" captionTargetPageId-2="6" captionText-0="Fig 1. Light micrographs of the holotypic adult male of Nanaloricus valdemari sp. nov. Anterior faces up in all aspects. (A) Ventral view of the extended specimen. Note that the mouth tube is not fully extended. (B) Dorsal view of the specimen. Note the pair of longitudinal stripes (ls) spanning the anterior two thirds of the dorsal plate of the lorica. (C) Anterior region of the specimen, dorsal view. (D) Close-up of the posterior region of the introvert and neck, ventral view. White arrowhead points to the small, midventral anterior spike. Arrows point to trichoscalid sensory organs. Abbreviations: af, anal field; bpa/b, basal plate of type a or b; cs, clavoscalid; dp, dorsal plate; fu, oral furca; in, introvert; lo, lorica; mc, mouth cone; mt, mouth tube; sp (and black arrowheads), anterior spike; sr, spinoscalid of 8th or 9th row; ss, spinoscalid; tp, trichoscalid plate; tr, trichoscalid; vlp, ventrolateral plate; vp, 8/9 ventral plate. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0250403.g001" captionText-1="Fig 2. Line art drawing of the adult male habitus of Nanaloricus valdemari sp. nov. Ventral view of the body, anterior faces up. Note that only a selected number of scalids from rows 1 to 8 are represented for clarity. Abbreviations: af, anal field; bpa/b, basal plates of type a and b; bu, buccal tube; cs, clavoscalid; dlp, dorsolateral plate; fu, oral furca; gl?, putative gland outlet; in, introvert; lo, lorica; mc, mouth cone; mo, mouth aperture; mt, mouth tube; mvs, midventral anterior spike; ne, neck; or1/2, oral ridges of type 1 and 2; sr2–9, spinoscalids of 2nd to 9th row (including sr, i.e. type a and b spinoscalids of the 4th row); sp (and black arrowheads), anterior spike; to, trichoscalid 4a/b sensory organ; tp, trichoscalid plate; tr1, single trichoscalid; tr2, double trichoscalid; vlp, ventrolateral plate; vp, ventral plate. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0250403.g002" captionText-2="Fig 3. Line art drawing of the adult male partial habitus of Nanaloricus valdemari sp. nov. Dorsal view of the lorica, anterior faces up. Abbreviations: ac, anal cone; dlp, dorsolateral plate; dp, dorsal plate; fl, flosculum; go?, putative gonopore; ls, longitudinal stripe; sp (and arrowhead), anterior spike. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0250403.g003" figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13151728" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13151732" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13151735" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/13151728/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/13151732/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/13151735/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Figs 1–3</figureCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<figureCitation id="13041F90691C517EFDE9FB22C50BFB4E" box="[579,592,1197,1221]" captionStart="Fig 7" captionStartId="10.[394,422,1759,1778]" captionTargetBox="[394,1536,208,1744]" captionTargetId="figure-1@10.[394,1536,208,1744]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Fig 7. Scanning electron micrographs of three paratypic adult males of Nanaloricus valdemari sp. nov. (A) Overview of extended specimen, ventral view, anterior faces up. Same specimen as in C and D. Note the multiform clavoscalids: the ventralmost pair is unbranched (and similar to the eight female clavoscalids), while the others are divided into three branches. (B) Close up of the mouth tube (mt). Same specimen as in E. Note the honeycomb sculpture (hs) of the cuticle. (C) Anterior region of the body, ventral view. Note the difference between single (tr1) and double trichoscalids (tr2). White arrowhead points to the small midventral anterior spike. White" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13151751" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13151751/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">7</figureCitation>
|
||
) the clavoscalids are multiform. The most ventral pair is exactly as those of the female. The other six clavoscalids possess a robust base and are divided into primary, secondary and tertiary branches. Both the secondary and tertiary branches are broad and flat. However, the former has a thin base and is slightly broader than the latter. The primary branch is three-segmented and very similar to the three most distal segments of the ventral pair of clavoscalids. Indeed, the primary branch possesses distally two short, slightly curved segments: a thin one followed by a terminal spine-like segment.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B800315691C517EFD9FFA2FC4BBF946" blockId="11.[533,1536,538,1880]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
The second row (sr
|
||
<subScript id="17BB0150691C517EFCABFA25C451FA31" attach="left" box="[769,778,1450,1466]" fontSize="7" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">2</subScript>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13041F90691C517EFCBDFA2FC410FA33" box="[791,843,1440,1464]" captionStart="Fig 8" captionStartId="12.[474,502,1734,1753]" captionTargetBox="[477,1533,211,1709]" captionTargetId="figure-3@12.[474,1536,208,1712]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Fig 8. Schematic diagrams of the distribution of introvert and neck appendages in adult forms of Nanaloricus valdemari sp. nov. and Nanaloricus mathildeae sp. nov. Note that for sake of clarity clavoscalid sexual dimorphism is not depicted. Note also that the shaded area indicates the neck region. (A) Polar diagram. (B) Planar projection. Abbreviations: bpa/b, basal plates of type a or b; cs, clavoscalid; MD, middorsal line; MV, midventral line; sr, scalids of 1st to 9th row; ss, spinoscalid; tp, 1–9 trichoscalid plate; tr1, single trichoscalid; tr2, double trichoscalid. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0250403.g008" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13151755" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13151755/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig 8</figureCitation>
|
||
) consists of nine leg-like spinoscalids (ss) divided into four segments (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13041F90691C517EFDCCFA4DC5C1FA51" box="[614,666,1474,1498]" captionStart="Fig 2" captionStartId="5.[372,400,1734,1753]" captionTargetBox="[375,1533,211,1709]" captionTargetId="figure-3@5.[372,1536,208,1712]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig 2. Line art drawing of the adult male habitus of Nanaloricus valdemari sp. nov. Ventral view of the body, anterior faces up. Note that only a selected number of scalids from rows 1 to 8 are represented for clarity. Abbreviations: af, anal field; bpa/b, basal plates of type a and b; bu, buccal tube; cs, clavoscalid; dlp, dorsolateral plate; fu, oral furca; gl?, putative gland outlet; in, introvert; lo, lorica; mc, mouth cone; mo, mouth aperture; mt, mouth tube; mvs, midventral anterior spike; ne, neck; or1/2, oral ridges of type 1 and 2; sr2–9, spinoscalids of 2nd to 9th row (including sr, i.e. type a and b spinoscalids of the 4th row); sp (and black arrowheads), anterior spike; to, trichoscalid 4a/b sensory organ; tp, trichoscalid plate; tr1, single trichoscalid; tr2, double trichoscalid; vlp, ventrolateral plate; vp, ventral plate. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0250403.g002" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13151732" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13151732/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig 2</figureCitation>
|
||
). The first, most proximal segment has a semiround base with a row of papillae arranged laterally on the most proximal region. The base narrows distally to form a cylindrical, short region. The second segment is short and cylindrical with many small papillae. The third segment is slightly thinner and long, representing approximately one half of the spinoscalid. The most distal segment, which represents one quarter of the spinoscalid, is slightly curved and terminates as a spinose tip. Noteworthy, the two midventral and the two ventrolateral spinoscalids of the second row are thinner than all other spinoscalids of the same row. Their bases are characterized by 1–3 small spikes.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B800315691C517EFD9FF957C5B9F8D3" blockId="11.[533,1536,538,1880]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
The third row (sr
|
||
<subScript id="17BB0150691C517EFD46F96DC5AEF979" attach="left" box="[748,757,1762,1778]" fontSize="7" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">3</subScript>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13041F90691C517EFCABF957C46DF97B" box="[769,822,1752,1776]" captionStart="Fig 8" captionStartId="12.[474,502,1734,1753]" captionTargetBox="[477,1533,211,1709]" captionTargetId="figure-3@12.[474,1536,208,1712]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Fig 8. Schematic diagrams of the distribution of introvert and neck appendages in adult forms of Nanaloricus valdemari sp. nov. and Nanaloricus mathildeae sp. nov. Note that for sake of clarity clavoscalid sexual dimorphism is not depicted. Note also that the shaded area indicates the neck region. (A) Polar diagram. (B) Planar projection. Abbreviations: bpa/b, basal plates of type a or b; cs, clavoscalid; MD, middorsal line; MV, midventral line; sr, scalids of 1st to 9th row; ss, spinoscalid; tp, 1–9 trichoscalid plate; tr1, single trichoscalid; tr2, double trichoscalid. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0250403.g008" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13151755" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13151755/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig 8</figureCitation>
|
||
) is composed of seven short, two-segmented feather-like spinoscalids (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13041F90691C517EFDE0F975C525F899" box="[586,638,1786,1810]" captionStart="Fig 2" captionStartId="5.[372,400,1734,1753]" captionTargetBox="[375,1533,211,1709]" captionTargetId="figure-3@5.[372,1536,208,1712]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig 2. Line art drawing of the adult male habitus of Nanaloricus valdemari sp. nov. Ventral view of the body, anterior faces up. Note that only a selected number of scalids from rows 1 to 8 are represented for clarity. Abbreviations: af, anal field; bpa/b, basal plates of type a and b; bu, buccal tube; cs, clavoscalid; dlp, dorsolateral plate; fu, oral furca; gl?, putative gland outlet; in, introvert; lo, lorica; mc, mouth cone; mo, mouth aperture; mt, mouth tube; mvs, midventral anterior spike; ne, neck; or1/2, oral ridges of type 1 and 2; sr2–9, spinoscalids of 2nd to 9th row (including sr, i.e. type a and b spinoscalids of the 4th row); sp (and black arrowheads), anterior spike; to, trichoscalid 4a/b sensory organ; tp, trichoscalid plate; tr1, single trichoscalid; tr2, double trichoscalid; vlp, ventrolateral plate; vp, ventral plate. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0250403.g002" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13151732" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13151732/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig 2</figureCitation>
|
||
). The proximal segment is a small, conical base with several large papillae (up to eight?) arranged anteriorly. The distal segment is relatively long and possesses numerous short, curved hairs.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="DF40539D691B5179FE70F949C42AF8EC" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13151755" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13151755" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13151755/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" startId="12.[474,502,1734,1753]" targetBox="[477,1533,211,1709]" targetPageId="12" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B800315691B5179FE70F949C282F979" blockId="12.[474,1530,1733,1895]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BDF07691B5179FE70F949C43AF979" bold="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
Fig 8. Schematic diagrams of the distribution of introvert and neck appendages in adult forms of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F7896691B5179FA9BF94AC2A2F953" authorityName="Neves & Kristensen & Møbjerg" authorityYear="2021" box="[1329,1529,1733,1752]" family="Nanaloricidae" genus="Nanaloricus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nanaloricida" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Loricifera" rank="species" species="valdemari" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BDF07691B5179FA9BF94AC2A2F953" bold="true" box="[1329,1529,1733,1752]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Nanaloricus valdemari</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A278627C691B5179FE70F950C545F979" box="[474,542,1759,1778]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F7896691B5179FDE2F951C442F97A" authorityName="Neves & Kristensen & Møbjerg" authorityYear="2021" box="[584,793,1758,1777]" family="Nanaloricidae" genus="Nanaloricus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nanaloricida" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Loricifera" rank="species" species="mathildeae" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BDF07691B5179FDE2F951C442F97A" bold="true" box="[584,793,1758,1777]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Nanaloricus mathildeae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A278627C691B5179FCB7F950C43AF979" box="[797,865,1759,1778]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Note that for sake of clarity clavoscalid sexual dimorphism is not depicted.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B800315691B5179FE70F977C4A0F8B5" blockId="12.[474,1530,1733,1895]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
Note also that the shaded area indicates the neck region. (A) Polar diagram. (B) Planar projection. Abbreviations:
|
||
<subScript id="17BB0150691B5179FA3CF977C29BF885" attach="left" box="[1430,1472,1784,1806]" fontSize="5" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">bpa/b</subScript>
|
||
, basal plates of type a or b; cs, clavoscalid; MD, middorsal line; MV, midventral line; sr, scalids of 1
|
||
<superScript id="7C4AAE5D691B5179FB5DF881C259F891" attach="left" box="[1271,1282,1806,1818]" fontSize="5" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">st</superScript>
|
||
to 9
|
||
<superScript id="7C4AAE5D691B5179FA8CF882C268F891" attach="left" box="[1318,1331,1805,1818]" fontSize="5" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">th</superScript>
|
||
row; ss, spinoscalid; tp,
|
||
<subScript id="17BB0150691B5179FBD0F895C3C9F8AC" attach="left" box="[1146,1170,1818,1831]" fontSize="5" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">1–9</subScript>
|
||
trichoscalid plate; tr
|
||
<subScript id="17BB0150691B5179FD2BF8BCC5D3F8CB" attach="left" box="[641,648,1843,1856]" fontSize="5" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">1</subScript>
|
||
, single trichoscalid; tr
|
||
<subScript id="17BB0150691B5179FCE8F8BCC411F8CB" attach="left" box="[834,842,1843,1856]" fontSize="5" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">2</subScript>
|
||
, double trichoscalid.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B800315691B5179FE70F8DBC42AF8EC" blockId="12.[474,1530,1733,1895]" box="[474,881,1876,1895]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0250403.g008</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C325509E691A517BFD9FFF5FC3F8FA67" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="15" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B800315691A5178FD9FFF5FC4E3FC99" blockId="13.[533,1536,208,1896]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
The fourth row (sr
|
||
<subScript id="17BB0150691A5178FD50FF55C458FF61" attach="left" box="[762,771,218,234]" fontSize="7" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">4</subScript>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13041F90691A5178FCA5FF5FC41FFF63" box="[783,836,208,232]" captionStart="Fig 8" captionStartId="12.[474,502,1734,1753]" captionTargetBox="[477,1533,211,1709]" captionTargetId="figure-3@12.[474,1536,208,1712]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Fig 8. Schematic diagrams of the distribution of introvert and neck appendages in adult forms of Nanaloricus valdemari sp. nov. and Nanaloricus mathildeae sp. nov. Note that for sake of clarity clavoscalid sexual dimorphism is not depicted. Note also that the shaded area indicates the neck region. (A) Polar diagram. (B) Planar projection. Abbreviations: bpa/b, basal plates of type a or b; cs, clavoscalid; MD, middorsal line; MV, midventral line; sr, scalids of 1st to 9th row; ss, spinoscalid; tp, 1–9 trichoscalid plate; tr1, single trichoscalid; tr2, double trichoscalid. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0250403.g008" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13151755" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13151755/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Fig 8</figureCitation>
|
||
) consists of 16 spinoscalids of
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D39C89C691A5178FB22FF5FC3B4FF63" box="[1160,1263,208,232]" count="2" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="generic" typeStatus="types">two types</specimenCount>
|
||
:
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D39C89C691A5178FB52FF5FC26CFF63" box="[1272,1335,208,232]" count="8" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="generic" typeStatus="type">8 type</specimenCount>
|
||
A leg-like spinoscalids (sr
|
||
<subScript id="17BB0150691A5178FDDEFF72C5DCFE86" attach="left" box="[628,647,253,269]" fontSize="7" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">4a</subScript>
|
||
) alternating with
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D39C89C691A5178FCEEFF7DC4D8FE81" box="[836,899,242,266]" count="8" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="generic" typeStatus="type">8 type</specimenCount>
|
||
B feather-like spinoscalids (sr
|
||
<subScript id="17BB0150691A5178FB6BFF72C38EFE86" attach="left" box="[1217,1237,253,269]" fontSize="7" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">4b</subScript>
|
||
) with numerous short, curved hairs (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13041F90691A5178FD0DFE9AC587FEA6" box="[679,732,277,301]" captionStart="Fig 2" captionStartId="5.[372,400,1734,1753]" captionTargetBox="[375,1533,211,1709]" captionTargetId="figure-3@5.[372,1536,208,1712]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig 2. Line art drawing of the adult male habitus of Nanaloricus valdemari sp. nov. Ventral view of the body, anterior faces up. Note that only a selected number of scalids from rows 1 to 8 are represented for clarity. Abbreviations: af, anal field; bpa/b, basal plates of type a and b; bu, buccal tube; cs, clavoscalid; dlp, dorsolateral plate; fu, oral furca; gl?, putative gland outlet; in, introvert; lo, lorica; mc, mouth cone; mo, mouth aperture; mt, mouth tube; mvs, midventral anterior spike; ne, neck; or1/2, oral ridges of type 1 and 2; sr2–9, spinoscalids of 2nd to 9th row (including sr, i.e. type a and b spinoscalids of the 4th row); sp (and black arrowheads), anterior spike; to, trichoscalid 4a/b sensory organ; tp, trichoscalid plate; tr1, single trichoscalid; tr2, double trichoscalid; vlp, ventrolateral plate; vp, ventral plate. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0250403.g002" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13151732" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13151732/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Fig 2</figureCitation>
|
||
). The
|
||
<typeStatus id="5484BDB7691A5178FC8AFE9AC416FEA6" box="[800,845,277,301]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">type</typeStatus>
|
||
A spinoscalids are divided into three segments. The first, most proximal segment has a short, round base with several small papillae distributed in a scattered manner. The base narrows distally into a cylindrical, short region. The second segment is thin, serrated posteriorly and rather long, representing half of the total length of the spinoscalid. The third, most distal segment terminates as a thin tip. The
|
||
<typeStatus id="5484BDB7691A5178FB26FE2FC3E2FE33" box="[1164,1209,416,440]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">type</typeStatus>
|
||
B spinoscalids are two-segmented, each composed of a proximal and a distal segment of similar length. The proximal segment has a round base with several densely distributed papillae. This segment narrows distally to form a cylindrical region with serrated margins. The distal segment has numerous short hairs and, hence, appears feather-like. It terminates in a hook-shaped tip with two short hairs. The fifth to seventh rows (sr
|
||
<subScript id="17BB0150691A5178FCD5FDD8C4C2FDEC" attach="left" box="[895,921,599,615]" fontSize="7" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">5-7</subScript>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13041F90691A5178FC0FFDC2C481FDEE" box="[933,986,589,613]" captionStart="Fig 8" captionStartId="12.[474,502,1734,1753]" captionTargetBox="[477,1533,211,1709]" captionTargetId="figure-3@12.[474,1536,208,1712]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Fig 8. Schematic diagrams of the distribution of introvert and neck appendages in adult forms of Nanaloricus valdemari sp. nov. and Nanaloricus mathildeae sp. nov. Note that for sake of clarity clavoscalid sexual dimorphism is not depicted. Note also that the shaded area indicates the neck region. (A) Polar diagram. (B) Planar projection. Abbreviations: bpa/b, basal plates of type a or b; cs, clavoscalid; MD, middorsal line; MV, midventral line; sr, scalids of 1st to 9th row; ss, spinoscalid; tp, 1–9 trichoscalid plate; tr1, single trichoscalid; tr2, double trichoscalid. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0250403.g008" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13151755" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13151755/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Fig 8</figureCitation>
|
||
) are each composed of 30 three-segmented, leg-like spinoscalids (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13041F90691A5178FD0FFDFFC582FD03" box="[677,729,624,648]" captionStart="Fig 2" captionStartId="5.[372,400,1734,1753]" captionTargetBox="[375,1533,211,1709]" captionTargetId="figure-3@5.[372,1536,208,1712]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig 2. Line art drawing of the adult male habitus of Nanaloricus valdemari sp. nov. Ventral view of the body, anterior faces up. Note that only a selected number of scalids from rows 1 to 8 are represented for clarity. Abbreviations: af, anal field; bpa/b, basal plates of type a and b; bu, buccal tube; cs, clavoscalid; dlp, dorsolateral plate; fu, oral furca; gl?, putative gland outlet; in, introvert; lo, lorica; mc, mouth cone; mo, mouth aperture; mt, mouth tube; mvs, midventral anterior spike; ne, neck; or1/2, oral ridges of type 1 and 2; sr2–9, spinoscalids of 2nd to 9th row (including sr, i.e. type a and b spinoscalids of the 4th row); sp (and black arrowheads), anterior spike; to, trichoscalid 4a/b sensory organ; tp, trichoscalid plate; tr1, single trichoscalid; tr2, double trichoscalid; vlp, ventrolateral plate; vp, ventral plate. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0250403.g002" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13151732" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13151732/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Fig 2</figureCitation>
|
||
). The most proximal segment has a short, narrow base. The middle segment is thin and very long, representing more than half of the total length of the scalid. The most distal segment is relatively long, thin and terminates as a spine-like tip. The two most distal segments have finely serrated margins and several long hairs (ha,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13041F90691A5178FB63FD57C257FD7B" box="[1225,1292,728,752]" captionStart="Fig 7" captionStartId="10.[394,422,1759,1778]" captionTargetBox="[394,1536,208,1744]" captionTargetId="figure-1@10.[394,1536,208,1744]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Fig 7. Scanning electron micrographs of three paratypic adult males of Nanaloricus valdemari sp. nov. (A) Overview of extended specimen, ventral view, anterior faces up. Same specimen as in C and D. Note the multiform clavoscalids: the ventralmost pair is unbranched (and similar to the eight female clavoscalids), while the others are divided into three branches. (B) Close up of the mouth tube (mt). Same specimen as in E. Note the honeycomb sculpture (hs) of the cuticle. (C) Anterior region of the body, ventral view. Note the difference between single (tr1) and double trichoscalids (tr2). White arrowhead points to the small midventral anterior spike. White" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13151751" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13151751/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Fig 7E</figureCitation>
|
||
) scattered along their length. The hairs are only seen by
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED2E9BD0691A5178FCD7FD75C4EFFC99" box="[893,948,762,786]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">SEM</collectionCode>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B800315691A5178FD9FFC92C562FC16" blockId="13.[533,1536,208,1896]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
The eighth row (sr
|
||
<subScript id="17BB0150691A5178FD50FCA8C45FFCBC" attach="left" box="[762,772,807,823]" fontSize="7" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">8</subScript>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13041F90691A5178FCA5FC92C41FFCBE" box="[783,836,797,821]" captionStart="Fig 8" captionStartId="12.[474,502,1734,1753]" captionTargetBox="[477,1533,211,1709]" captionTargetId="figure-3@12.[474,1536,208,1712]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Fig 8. Schematic diagrams of the distribution of introvert and neck appendages in adult forms of Nanaloricus valdemari sp. nov. and Nanaloricus mathildeae sp. nov. Note that for sake of clarity clavoscalid sexual dimorphism is not depicted. Note also that the shaded area indicates the neck region. (A) Polar diagram. (B) Planar projection. Abbreviations: bpa/b, basal plates of type a or b; cs, clavoscalid; MD, middorsal line; MV, midventral line; sr, scalids of 1st to 9th row; ss, spinoscalid; tp, 1–9 trichoscalid plate; tr1, single trichoscalid; tr2, double trichoscalid. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0250403.g008" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13151755" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13151755/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Fig 8</figureCitation>
|
||
) consists of 30 unsegmented whipe-like spinoscalids with a small bulbous base with a few papillae (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13041F90691A5178FCDDFCCFC4F0FCD3" box="[887,939,832,856]" captionStart="Fig 2" captionStartId="5.[372,400,1734,1753]" captionTargetBox="[375,1533,211,1709]" captionTargetId="figure-3@5.[372,1536,208,1712]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig 2. Line art drawing of the adult male habitus of Nanaloricus valdemari sp. nov. Ventral view of the body, anterior faces up. Note that only a selected number of scalids from rows 1 to 8 are represented for clarity. Abbreviations: af, anal field; bpa/b, basal plates of type a and b; bu, buccal tube; cs, clavoscalid; dlp, dorsolateral plate; fu, oral furca; gl?, putative gland outlet; in, introvert; lo, lorica; mc, mouth cone; mo, mouth aperture; mt, mouth tube; mvs, midventral anterior spike; ne, neck; or1/2, oral ridges of type 1 and 2; sr2–9, spinoscalids of 2nd to 9th row (including sr, i.e. type a and b spinoscalids of the 4th row); sp (and black arrowheads), anterior spike; to, trichoscalid 4a/b sensory organ; tp, trichoscalid plate; tr1, single trichoscalid; tr2, double trichoscalid; vlp, ventrolateral plate; vp, ventral plate. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0250403.g002" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13151732" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13151732/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Fig 2</figureCitation>
|
||
). These spinoscalids have finely serrated margins and several long hairs scattered along their length (only seen by SEM), and they terminate as a thin tip.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B800315691A5178FD9FFC27C215FB8E" blockId="13.[533,1536,208,1896]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
The ninth row (sr
|
||
<subScript id="17BB0150691A5178FD5BFC3DC5A1FC49" attach="left" box="[753,762,946,962]" fontSize="7" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">9</subScript>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13041F90691A5178FCADFC27C460FC4B" box="[775,827,936,960]" captionStart="Fig 8" captionStartId="12.[474,502,1734,1753]" captionTargetBox="[477,1533,211,1709]" captionTargetId="figure-3@12.[474,1536,208,1712]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Fig 8. Schematic diagrams of the distribution of introvert and neck appendages in adult forms of Nanaloricus valdemari sp. nov. and Nanaloricus mathildeae sp. nov. Note that for sake of clarity clavoscalid sexual dimorphism is not depicted. Note also that the shaded area indicates the neck region. (A) Polar diagram. (B) Planar projection. Abbreviations: bpa/b, basal plates of type a or b; cs, clavoscalid; MD, middorsal line; MV, midventral line; sr, scalids of 1st to 9th row; ss, spinoscalid; tp, 1–9 trichoscalid plate; tr1, single trichoscalid; tr2, double trichoscalid. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0250403.g008" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13151755" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13151755/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Fig 8</figureCitation>
|
||
) consists of 30 small, teeth-like scalids (well discernible by SEM,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13041F90691A5178FDBFFC45C50FFC69" box="[533,596,970,994]" captionStart="Fig 2" captionStartId="5.[372,400,1734,1753]" captionTargetBox="[375,1533,211,1709]" captionTargetId="figure-3@5.[372,1536,208,1712]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig 2. Line art drawing of the adult male habitus of Nanaloricus valdemari sp. nov. Ventral view of the body, anterior faces up. Note that only a selected number of scalids from rows 1 to 8 are represented for clarity. Abbreviations: af, anal field; bpa/b, basal plates of type a and b; bu, buccal tube; cs, clavoscalid; dlp, dorsolateral plate; fu, oral furca; gl?, putative gland outlet; in, introvert; lo, lorica; mc, mouth cone; mo, mouth aperture; mt, mouth tube; mvs, midventral anterior spike; ne, neck; or1/2, oral ridges of type 1 and 2; sr2–9, spinoscalids of 2nd to 9th row (including sr, i.e. type a and b spinoscalids of the 4th row); sp (and black arrowheads), anterior spike; to, trichoscalid 4a/b sensory organ; tp, trichoscalid plate; tr1, single trichoscalid; tr2, double trichoscalid; vlp, ventrolateral plate; vp, ventral plate. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0250403.g002" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13151732" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13151732/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Figs 2</figureCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<figureCitation id="13041F90691A5178FD2DFC45C5F8FC69" box="[647,675,970,994]" captionStart="Fig 7" captionStartId="10.[394,422,1759,1778]" captionTargetBox="[394,1536,208,1744]" captionTargetId="figure-1@10.[394,1536,208,1744]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Fig 7. Scanning electron micrographs of three paratypic adult males of Nanaloricus valdemari sp. nov. (A) Overview of extended specimen, ventral view, anterior faces up. Same specimen as in C and D. Note the multiform clavoscalids: the ventralmost pair is unbranched (and similar to the eight female clavoscalids), while the others are divided into three branches. (B) Close up of the mouth tube (mt). Same specimen as in E. Note the honeycomb sculpture (hs) of the cuticle. (C) Anterior region of the body, ventral view. Note the difference between single (tr1) and double trichoscalids (tr2). White arrowhead points to the small midventral anterior spike. White" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13151751" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13151751/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">7E</figureCitation>
|
||
). Each of these scalids possesses an oval anterior edge and three cuspid-like projections that protrude laterally and extend backwards from the posterior edge.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B800315691A5178FD9FFB80C4B8F8E3" blockId="13.[533,1536,208,1896]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BDF07691A5178FD9FFB80C5CAFBAC" box="[565,657,1039,1063]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Neck (ne</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13041F90691A5178FD36FB9FC580FBA3" box="[668,731,1040,1064]" captionStart="Fig 2" captionStartId="5.[372,400,1734,1753]" captionTargetBox="[375,1533,211,1709]" captionTargetId="figure-3@5.[372,1536,208,1712]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig 2. Line art drawing of the adult male habitus of Nanaloricus valdemari sp. nov. Ventral view of the body, anterior faces up. Note that only a selected number of scalids from rows 1 to 8 are represented for clarity. Abbreviations: af, anal field; bpa/b, basal plates of type a and b; bu, buccal tube; cs, clavoscalid; dlp, dorsolateral plate; fu, oral furca; gl?, putative gland outlet; in, introvert; lo, lorica; mc, mouth cone; mo, mouth aperture; mt, mouth tube; mvs, midventral anterior spike; ne, neck; or1/2, oral ridges of type 1 and 2; sr2–9, spinoscalids of 2nd to 9th row (including sr, i.e. type a and b spinoscalids of the 4th row); sp (and black arrowheads), anterior spike; to, trichoscalid 4a/b sensory organ; tp, trichoscalid plate; tr1, single trichoscalid; tr2, double trichoscalid; vlp, ventrolateral plate; vp, ventral plate. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0250403.g002" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13151732" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13151732/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Figs 2</figureCitation>
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BDF07691A5178FD4AFB80C452FBAC" box="[736,777,1039,1063]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">and</emphasis>
|
||
<figureCitation id="13041F90691A5178FCA4FB9FC440FBA3" box="[782,795,1040,1064]" captionStart="Fig 8" captionStartId="12.[474,502,1734,1753]" captionTargetBox="[477,1533,211,1709]" captionTargetId="figure-3@12.[474,1536,208,1712]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Fig 8. Schematic diagrams of the distribution of introvert and neck appendages in adult forms of Nanaloricus valdemari sp. nov. and Nanaloricus mathildeae sp. nov. Note that for sake of clarity clavoscalid sexual dimorphism is not depicted. Note also that the shaded area indicates the neck region. (A) Polar diagram. (B) Planar projection. Abbreviations: bpa/b, basal plates of type a or b; cs, clavoscalid; MD, middorsal line; MV, midventral line; sr, scalids of 1st to 9th row; ss, spinoscalid; tp, 1–9 trichoscalid plate; tr1, single trichoscalid; tr2, double trichoscalid. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0250403.g008" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13151755" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13151755/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">8</figureCitation>
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BDF07691A5178FCB1FB9FC47FFBAC" box="[795,804,1040,1063]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">)</emphasis>
|
||
. Composed of at least four rows of neck flat plates, which are divided into columns by several longitudinal folds (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13041F90691A5178FC4AFBBDC34EFBC1" box="[992,1045,1074,1098]" captionStart="Fig 2" captionStartId="5.[372,400,1734,1753]" captionTargetBox="[375,1533,211,1709]" captionTargetId="figure-3@5.[372,1536,208,1712]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig 2. Line art drawing of the adult male habitus of Nanaloricus valdemari sp. nov. Ventral view of the body, anterior faces up. Note that only a selected number of scalids from rows 1 to 8 are represented for clarity. Abbreviations: af, anal field; bpa/b, basal plates of type a and b; bu, buccal tube; cs, clavoscalid; dlp, dorsolateral plate; fu, oral furca; gl?, putative gland outlet; in, introvert; lo, lorica; mc, mouth cone; mo, mouth aperture; mt, mouth tube; mvs, midventral anterior spike; ne, neck; or1/2, oral ridges of type 1 and 2; sr2–9, spinoscalids of 2nd to 9th row (including sr, i.e. type a and b spinoscalids of the 4th row); sp (and black arrowheads), anterior spike; to, trichoscalid 4a/b sensory organ; tp, trichoscalid plate; tr1, single trichoscalid; tr2, double trichoscalid; vlp, ventrolateral plate; vp, ventral plate. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0250403.g002" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13151732" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13151732/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Fig 2</figureCitation>
|
||
). A row of 15 small basal plates is present in the most anterior region of the neck, immediately under the ninth row of spinoscalids (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13041F90691A5178FA05FBDAC56DFB1B" captionStart="Fig 1" captionStartId="4.[416,444,1699,1718]" captionTargetBox="[419,1533,183,1681]" captionTargetId="figure-3@4.[416,1536,180,1684]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig 1. Light micrographs of the holotypic adult male of Nanaloricus valdemari sp. nov. Anterior faces up in all aspects. (A) Ventral view of the extended specimen. Note that the mouth tube is not fully extended. (B) Dorsal view of the specimen. Note the pair of longitudinal stripes (ls) spanning the anterior two thirds of the dorsal plate of the lorica. (C) Anterior region of the specimen, dorsal view. (D) Close-up of the posterior region of the introvert and neck, ventral view. White arrowhead points to the small, midventral anterior spike. Arrows point to trichoscalid sensory organs. Abbreviations: af, anal field; bpa/b, basal plate of type a or b; cs, clavoscalid; dp, dorsal plate; fu, oral furca; in, introvert; lo, lorica; mc, mouth cone; mt, mouth tube; sp (and black arrowheads), anterior spike; sr, spinoscalid of 8th or 9th row; ss, spinoscalid; tp, trichoscalid plate; tr, trichoscalid; vlp, ventrolateral plate; vp, 8/9 ventral plate. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0250403.g001" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13151728" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13151728/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Figs 1D</figureCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<figureCitation id="13041F90691A5178FDC0FBF7C5DEFB1B" box="[618,645,1144,1168]" captionStart="Fig 7" captionStartId="10.[394,422,1759,1778]" captionTargetBox="[394,1536,208,1744]" captionTargetId="figure-1@10.[394,1536,208,1744]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Fig 7. Scanning electron micrographs of three paratypic adult males of Nanaloricus valdemari sp. nov. (A) Overview of extended specimen, ventral view, anterior faces up. Same specimen as in C and D. Note the multiform clavoscalids: the ventralmost pair is unbranched (and similar to the eight female clavoscalids), while the others are divided into three branches. (B) Close up of the mouth tube (mt). Same specimen as in E. Note the honeycomb sculpture (hs) of the cuticle. (C) Anterior region of the body, ventral view. Note the difference between single (tr1) and double trichoscalids (tr2). White arrowhead points to the small midventral anterior spike. White" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13151751" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13151751/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">7E</figureCitation>
|
||
). This row consists of seven triangular plates (
|
||
<subScript id="17BB0150691A5178FBC4FBF7C3CFFB19" attach="left" box="[1134,1172,1144,1170]" fontSize="7" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">bpa</subScript>
|
||
) alternating with eight oval plates (
|
||
<subScript id="17BB0150691A5178FDB7FB15C51FFB3E" attach="left" box="[541,580,1178,1205]" fontSize="7" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">bpb</subScript>
|
||
), each with two rows of teeth arranged transversely. The two midventral basal plates are of the latter
|
||
<typeStatus id="5484BDB7691A5178FD3FFB32C599FB5E" box="[661,706,1213,1237]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">type</typeStatus>
|
||
(i.e.,
|
||
<subScript id="17BB0150691A5178FD51FB32C47BFB5C" attach="left" box="[763,800,1213,1239]" fontSize="7" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">bpb</subScript>
|
||
). Each basal plate is arranged in the center of the neck flat plates. The posterior region of the neck is characterized by 15 trichoscalids (tr) arranged radially: eight single (tr
|
||
<subScript id="17BB0150691A5178FDDEFA82C525FA96" attach="left" box="[628,638,1293,1309]" fontSize="7" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">1</subScript>
|
||
) alternating with seven double trichoscalids (tr
|
||
<subScript id="17BB0150691A5178FBDBFA82C320FA96" attach="left" box="[1137,1147,1293,1309]" fontSize="7" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">2</subScript>
|
||
;
|
||
<figureCitation id="13041F90691A5178FB2DFA8DC39EFA91" box="[1159,1221,1282,1306]" captionStart="Fig 1" captionStartId="4.[416,444,1699,1718]" captionTargetBox="[419,1533,183,1681]" captionTargetId="figure-3@4.[416,1536,180,1684]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig 1. Light micrographs of the holotypic adult male of Nanaloricus valdemari sp. nov. Anterior faces up in all aspects. (A) Ventral view of the extended specimen. Note that the mouth tube is not fully extended. (B) Dorsal view of the specimen. Note the pair of longitudinal stripes (ls) spanning the anterior two thirds of the dorsal plate of the lorica. (C) Anterior region of the specimen, dorsal view. (D) Close-up of the posterior region of the introvert and neck, ventral view. White arrowhead points to the small, midventral anterior spike. Arrows point to trichoscalid sensory organs. Abbreviations: af, anal field; bpa/b, basal plate of type a or b; cs, clavoscalid; dp, dorsal plate; fu, oral furca; in, introvert; lo, lorica; mc, mouth cone; mt, mouth tube; sp (and black arrowheads), anterior spike; sr, spinoscalid of 8th or 9th row; ss, spinoscalid; tp, trichoscalid plate; tr, trichoscalid; vlp, ventrolateral plate; vp, 8/9 ventral plate. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0250403.g001" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13151728" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13151728/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Figs 1</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13041F90691A5178FB7AFA8DC386FA91" box="[1232,1245,1282,1306]" captionStart="Fig 2" captionStartId="5.[372,400,1734,1753]" captionTargetBox="[375,1533,211,1709]" captionTargetId="figure-3@5.[372,1536,208,1712]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig 2. Line art drawing of the adult male habitus of Nanaloricus valdemari sp. nov. Ventral view of the body, anterior faces up. Note that only a selected number of scalids from rows 1 to 8 are represented for clarity. Abbreviations: af, anal field; bpa/b, basal plates of type a and b; bu, buccal tube; cs, clavoscalid; dlp, dorsolateral plate; fu, oral furca; gl?, putative gland outlet; in, introvert; lo, lorica; mc, mouth cone; mo, mouth aperture; mt, mouth tube; mvs, midventral anterior spike; ne, neck; or1/2, oral ridges of type 1 and 2; sr2–9, spinoscalids of 2nd to 9th row (including sr, i.e. type a and b spinoscalids of the 4th row); sp (and black arrowheads), anterior spike; to, trichoscalid 4a/b sensory organ; tp, trichoscalid plate; tr1, single trichoscalid; tr2, double trichoscalid; vlp, ventrolateral plate; vp, ventral plate. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0250403.g002" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13151732" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13151732/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">2</figureCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<figureCitation id="13041F90691A5178FABBFA8DC245FA91" box="[1297,1310,1282,1306]" captionStart="Fig 7" captionStartId="10.[394,422,1759,1778]" captionTargetBox="[394,1536,208,1744]" captionTargetId="figure-1@10.[394,1536,208,1744]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Fig 7. Scanning electron micrographs of three paratypic adult males of Nanaloricus valdemari sp. nov. (A) Overview of extended specimen, ventral view, anterior faces up. Same specimen as in C and D. Note the multiform clavoscalids: the ventralmost pair is unbranched (and similar to the eight female clavoscalids), while the others are divided into three branches. (B) Close up of the mouth tube (mt). Same specimen as in E. Note the honeycomb sculpture (hs) of the cuticle. (C) Anterior region of the body, ventral view. Note the difference between single (tr1) and double trichoscalids (tr2). White arrowhead points to the small midventral anterior spike. White" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13151751" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13151751/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">7</figureCitation>
|
||
). The trichoscalids are all flat, with a central ridge, and possess serrated margins with hairs and a blunt tip. The double trichoscalids are composed of two separate appendages, an upper appendage and a lower appendage. The upper appendage is longer (ventrolateral pairs) or slightly longer (lateral pairs) than the lower appendage, which has approximately the same length as a single trichoscalid. Both the single and each of the double trichoscalids protrude from a single trichoscalid plate (tp) with a trapezoid shape; the basal plates of the midventral pair are slightly smaller (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13041F90691A5178FDB6FA7AC507F986" box="[540,604,1525,1549]" captionStart="Fig 2" captionStartId="5.[372,400,1734,1753]" captionTargetBox="[375,1533,211,1709]" captionTargetId="figure-3@5.[372,1536,208,1712]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig 2. Line art drawing of the adult male habitus of Nanaloricus valdemari sp. nov. Ventral view of the body, anterior faces up. Note that only a selected number of scalids from rows 1 to 8 are represented for clarity. Abbreviations: af, anal field; bpa/b, basal plates of type a and b; bu, buccal tube; cs, clavoscalid; dlp, dorsolateral plate; fu, oral furca; gl?, putative gland outlet; in, introvert; lo, lorica; mc, mouth cone; mo, mouth aperture; mt, mouth tube; mvs, midventral anterior spike; ne, neck; or1/2, oral ridges of type 1 and 2; sr2–9, spinoscalids of 2nd to 9th row (including sr, i.e. type a and b spinoscalids of the 4th row); sp (and black arrowheads), anterior spike; to, trichoscalid 4a/b sensory organ; tp, trichoscalid plate; tr1, single trichoscalid; tr2, double trichoscalid; vlp, ventrolateral plate; vp, ventral plate. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0250403.g002" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13151732" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13151732/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Figs 2</figureCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<figureCitation id="13041F90691A5178FD3AFA7AC5EAF986" box="[656,689,1525,1549]" captionStart="Fig 7" captionStartId="10.[394,422,1759,1778]" captionTargetBox="[394,1536,208,1744]" captionTargetId="figure-1@10.[394,1536,208,1744]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Fig 7. Scanning electron micrographs of three paratypic adult males of Nanaloricus valdemari sp. nov. (A) Overview of extended specimen, ventral view, anterior faces up. Same specimen as in C and D. Note the multiform clavoscalids: the ventralmost pair is unbranched (and similar to the eight female clavoscalids), while the others are divided into three branches. (B) Close up of the mouth tube (mt). Same specimen as in E. Note the honeycomb sculpture (hs) of the cuticle. (C) Anterior region of the body, ventral view. Note the difference between single (tr1) and double trichoscalids (tr2). White arrowhead points to the small midventral anterior spike. White" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13151751" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13151751/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">7D</figureCitation>
|
||
). Moreover, each ventrolateral single trichoscalid is further characterized by having two sclerotized plates located anteriorly to their trichoscalid plate. Notably, the basal plates of the upper appendages of the double trichoscalids are characterized by a short sensory organ with serrated (toothed) margins and an anteroproximally situated pore, which is only seen by SEM (to;
|
||
<figureCitation id="13041F90691A5178FD64F90FC444F913" box="[718,799,1664,1688]" captionStart="Fig 1" captionStartId="4.[416,444,1699,1718]" captionTargetBox="[419,1533,183,1681]" captionTargetId="figure-3@4.[416,1536,180,1684]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig 1. Light micrographs of the holotypic adult male of Nanaloricus valdemari sp. nov. Anterior faces up in all aspects. (A) Ventral view of the extended specimen. Note that the mouth tube is not fully extended. (B) Dorsal view of the specimen. Note the pair of longitudinal stripes (ls) spanning the anterior two thirds of the dorsal plate of the lorica. (C) Anterior region of the specimen, dorsal view. (D) Close-up of the posterior region of the introvert and neck, ventral view. White arrowhead points to the small, midventral anterior spike. Arrows point to trichoscalid sensory organs. Abbreviations: af, anal field; bpa/b, basal plate of type a or b; cs, clavoscalid; dp, dorsal plate; fu, oral furca; in, introvert; lo, lorica; mc, mouth cone; mt, mouth tube; sp (and black arrowheads), anterior spike; sr, spinoscalid of 8th or 9th row; ss, spinoscalid; tp, trichoscalid plate; tr, trichoscalid; vlp, ventrolateral plate; vp, 8/9 ventral plate. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0250403.g001" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13151728" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13151728/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Figs 1D</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13041F90691A5178FC81F90FC463F913" box="[811,824,1664,1688]" captionStart="Fig 2" captionStartId="5.[372,400,1734,1753]" captionTargetBox="[375,1533,211,1709]" captionTargetId="figure-3@5.[372,1536,208,1712]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig 2. Line art drawing of the adult male habitus of Nanaloricus valdemari sp. nov. Ventral view of the body, anterior faces up. Note that only a selected number of scalids from rows 1 to 8 are represented for clarity. Abbreviations: af, anal field; bpa/b, basal plates of type a and b; bu, buccal tube; cs, clavoscalid; dlp, dorsolateral plate; fu, oral furca; gl?, putative gland outlet; in, introvert; lo, lorica; mc, mouth cone; mo, mouth aperture; mt, mouth tube; mvs, midventral anterior spike; ne, neck; or1/2, oral ridges of type 1 and 2; sr2–9, spinoscalids of 2nd to 9th row (including sr, i.e. type a and b spinoscalids of the 4th row); sp (and black arrowheads), anterior spike; to, trichoscalid 4a/b sensory organ; tp, trichoscalid plate; tr1, single trichoscalid; tr2, double trichoscalid; vlp, ventrolateral plate; vp, ventral plate. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0250403.g002" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13151732" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13151732/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">2</figureCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<figureCitation id="13041F90691A5178FCC1F90FC4D7F913" box="[875,908,1664,1688]" captionStart="Fig 7" captionStartId="10.[394,422,1759,1778]" captionTargetBox="[394,1536,208,1744]" captionTargetId="figure-1@10.[394,1536,208,1744]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Fig 7. Scanning electron micrographs of three paratypic adult males of Nanaloricus valdemari sp. nov. (A) Overview of extended specimen, ventral view, anterior faces up. Same specimen as in C and D. Note the multiform clavoscalids: the ventralmost pair is unbranched (and similar to the eight female clavoscalids), while the others are divided into three branches. (B) Close up of the mouth tube (mt). Same specimen as in E. Note the honeycomb sculpture (hs) of the cuticle. (C) Anterior region of the body, ventral view. Note the difference between single (tr1) and double trichoscalids (tr2). White arrowhead points to the small midventral anterior spike. White" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13151751" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13151751/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">7D</figureCitation>
|
||
). The trichoscalid sensory organ is situated at the most anterior margin of the upper appendage basal plate. The sensory organs of the ventral double trichoscalid plates are slightly shorter than the ventrolateral ones. The putative sensory organs of the dorsal side could not be observed neither by light nor scanning electron microscopy; their presence/absence remains thus to be determined. In addition, the plate of each midventral single trichoscalid has a large, medially situated pore that is approximately twice the size as the pore on the trichoscalid sensory organs.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8003156919517BFD9FFF5FC229FF63" blockId="14.[533,1510,208,301]" box="[565,1394,208,232]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Summing up, the number of introvert and neck appendages (cs = clavoscalids,</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8003156919517BFDBFFF7DC539FEA6" blockId="14.[533,1510,208,301]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
ss = spinoscalids, tp = trichoscalid plates, tr = trichoscalids) is given in the following formula (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13041F906919517BFDB4FE9AC508FEA6" box="[542,595,277,301]" captionStart="Fig 8" captionStartId="12.[474,502,1734,1753]" captionTargetBox="[477,1533,211,1709]" captionTargetId="figure-3@12.[474,1536,208,1712]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Fig 8. Schematic diagrams of the distribution of introvert and neck appendages in adult forms of Nanaloricus valdemari sp. nov. and Nanaloricus mathildeae sp. nov. Note that for sake of clarity clavoscalid sexual dimorphism is not depicted. Note also that the shaded area indicates the neck region. (A) Polar diagram. (B) Planar projection. Abbreviations: bpa/b, basal plates of type a or b; cs, clavoscalid; MD, middorsal line; MV, midventral line; sr, scalids of 1st to 9th row; ss, spinoscalid; tp, 1–9 trichoscalid plate; tr1, single trichoscalid; tr2, double trichoscalid. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0250403.g008" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13151755" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13151755/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Fig 8</figureCitation>
|
||
):
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8003156919517BFDFBFEC1C29FFEED" blockId="14.[593,1476,334,362]" box="[593,1476,334,362]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
Introvert: 8 cs; 9 sr
|
||
<subScript id="17BB01506919517BFC9CFED3C465FEE1" attach="left" box="[822,830,348,362]" fontSize="6" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">2</subScript>
|
||
; 7 sr
|
||
<subScript id="17BB01506919517BFC2BFED3C4D2FEE1" attach="left" box="[897,905,348,362]" fontSize="6" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">3</subScript>
|
||
;
|
||
<quantity id="4CC7AEF06919517BFC0BFEC1C492FEED" box="[929,969,334,358]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="8.0" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" unit="t" value="8.0">
|
||
8
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BDF076919517BFC1EFEC1C492FEED" bold="true" box="[948,969,334,358]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">þ</emphasis>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
8 sr
|
||
<subScript id="17BB01506919517BFC50FED3C359FEE1" attach="left" box="[1018,1026,348,362]" fontSize="6" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">4</subScript>
|
||
; 30 sr
|
||
<subScript id="17BB01506919517BFBF8FED3C301FEE1" attach="left" box="[1106,1114,348,362]" fontSize="6" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">5</subScript>
|
||
; 30 sr
|
||
<subScript id="17BB01506919517BFB01FED3C3E8FEE1" attach="left" box="[1195,1203,348,362]" fontSize="6" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">6</subScript>
|
||
; 30 sr
|
||
<subScript id="17BB01506919517BFAA9FED3C250FEE1" attach="left" box="[1283,1291,348,362]" fontSize="6" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">7</subScript>
|
||
; 30 sr
|
||
<subScript id="17BB01506919517BFAF6FED3C23FFEE1" attach="left" box="[1372,1380,348,362]" fontSize="6" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">8</subScript>
|
||
; 30 sr
|
||
<subScript id="17BB01506919517BFA1EFED3C2E7FEE1" attach="left" box="[1460,1468,348,362]" fontSize="6" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">9</subScript>
|
||
;
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8003156919517BFD17FE2AC203FE36" blockId="14.[701,1368,421,449]" box="[701,1368,421,449]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
Neck: 7a
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BDF076919517BFC80FE2AC464FE36" bold="true" box="[810,831,421,445]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">þ</emphasis>
|
||
8b bp;
|
||
<quantity id="4CC7AEF06919517BFC31FE2AC49FFE36" box="[923,964,421,445]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="8.0" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" unit="t" value="8.0">
|
||
8
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BDF076919517BFC05FE2AC49FFE36" bold="true" box="[943,964,421,445]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">þ</emphasis>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
14 tp; 8 tr
|
||
<subScript id="17BB01506919517BFBEFFE3CC316FE4A" attach="both" box="[1093,1101,435,449]" fontSize="6" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">1</subScript>
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BDF076919517BFBE4FE2AC303FE36" bold="true" box="[1102,1112,421,445]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">ð</emphasis>
|
||
single
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BDF076919517BFB3CFE2AC3E0FE36" bold="true" box="[1174,1211,421,445]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Þ þ</emphasis>
|
||
7 tr
|
||
<subScript id="17BB01506919517BFB40FE3CC3A9FE4A" attach="both" box="[1258,1266,435,449]" fontSize="6" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">2</subScript>
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BDF076919517BFB5EFE2AC3A5FE36" bold="true" box="[1268,1278,421,445]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">ð</emphasis>
|
||
double
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BDF076919517BFAEDFE2AC203FE36" bold="true" box="[1351,1368,421,445]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Þ:</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8003156919517BFDBFFE69C411FDAA" blockId="14.[533,1536,486,1897]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BDF076919517BFDBFFE69C539FE75" box="[533,610,486,510]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Thorax</emphasis>
|
||
. Short, enclosed in its own cuticle, surrounded externally by the lorica, and without any appendages or segments.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8003156919517BFD9FFDA4C369FC98" blockId="14.[533,1536,486,1897]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BDF076919517BFD9FFDA4C5C0FDC8" box="[565,667,555,579]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Abdomen</emphasis>
|
||
. Enclosed in a lorica (lo;
|
||
<figureCitation id="13041F906919517BFC0FFDA4C4A5FDC8" box="[933,1022,555,579]" captionStart-0="Fig 1" captionStart-1="Fig 2" captionStart-2="Fig 3" captionStart-3="Fig 4" captionStart-4="Fig 5" captionStart-5="Fig 6" captionStart-6="Fig 7" captionStartId-0="4.[416,444,1699,1718]" captionStartId-1="5.[372,400,1734,1753]" captionStartId-2="6.[533,561,1138,1157]" captionStartId-3="7.[416,444,1727,1746]" captionStartId-4="8.[293,321,1768,1787]" captionStartId-5="9.[416,444,1721,1740]" captionStartId-6="10.[394,422,1759,1778]" captionTargetBox-0="[419,1533,183,1681]" captionTargetBox-1="[375,1533,211,1709]" captionTargetBox-2="[536,1458,208,1103]" captionTargetBox-3="[419,1533,211,1709]" captionTargetBox-4="[296,1533,821,1741]" captionTargetBox-5="[419,1533,199,1697]" captionTargetBox-6="[394,1536,208,1744]" captionTargetId-0="figure-3@4.[416,1536,180,1684]" captionTargetId-1="figure-3@5.[372,1536,208,1712]" captionTargetId-2="figure-243@6.[533,1461,208,1116]" captionTargetId-3="figure-1@7.[416,1536,208,1712]" captionTargetId-4="figure-235@8.[293,1536,818,1746]" captionTargetId-5="figure-3@9.[416,1536,196,1700]" captionTargetId-6="figure-1@10.[394,1536,208,1744]" captionTargetPageId-0="4" captionTargetPageId-1="5" captionTargetPageId-2="6" captionTargetPageId-3="7" captionTargetPageId-4="8" captionTargetPageId-5="9" captionTargetPageId-6="10" captionText-0="Fig 1. Light micrographs of the holotypic adult male of Nanaloricus valdemari sp. nov. Anterior faces up in all aspects. (A) Ventral view of the extended specimen. Note that the mouth tube is not fully extended. (B) Dorsal view of the specimen. Note the pair of longitudinal stripes (ls) spanning the anterior two thirds of the dorsal plate of the lorica. (C) Anterior region of the specimen, dorsal view. (D) Close-up of the posterior region of the introvert and neck, ventral view. White arrowhead points to the small, midventral anterior spike. Arrows point to trichoscalid sensory organs. Abbreviations: af, anal field; bpa/b, basal plate of type a or b; cs, clavoscalid; dp, dorsal plate; fu, oral furca; in, introvert; lo, lorica; mc, mouth cone; mt, mouth tube; sp (and black arrowheads), anterior spike; sr, spinoscalid of 8th or 9th row; ss, spinoscalid; tp, trichoscalid plate; tr, trichoscalid; vlp, ventrolateral plate; vp, 8/9 ventral plate. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0250403.g001" captionText-1="Fig 2. Line art drawing of the adult male habitus of Nanaloricus valdemari sp. nov. Ventral view of the body, anterior faces up. Note that only a selected number of scalids from rows 1 to 8 are represented for clarity. Abbreviations: af, anal field; bpa/b, basal plates of type a and b; bu, buccal tube; cs, clavoscalid; dlp, dorsolateral plate; fu, oral furca; gl?, putative gland outlet; in, introvert; lo, lorica; mc, mouth cone; mo, mouth aperture; mt, mouth tube; mvs, midventral anterior spike; ne, neck; or1/2, oral ridges of type 1 and 2; sr2–9, spinoscalids of 2nd to 9th row (including sr, i.e. type a and b spinoscalids of the 4th row); sp (and black arrowheads), anterior spike; to, trichoscalid 4a/b sensory organ; tp, trichoscalid plate; tr1, single trichoscalid; tr2, double trichoscalid; vlp, ventrolateral plate; vp, ventral plate. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0250403.g002" captionText-2="Fig 3. Line art drawing of the adult male partial habitus of Nanaloricus valdemari sp. nov. Dorsal view of the lorica, anterior faces up. Abbreviations: ac, anal cone; dlp, dorsolateral plate; dp, dorsal plate; fl, flosculum; go?, putative gonopore; ls, longitudinal stripe; sp (and arrowhead), anterior spike. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0250403.g003" captionText-3="Fig 4. Light micrographs of the allotypic adult female of Nanaloricus valdemari sp. nov. Anterior faces up in all aspects. (A) Overview of the specimen, dorsal view. Note that the mouth tube is not fully extended. Note also the pair of longitudinal stripes (ls) spanning the anterior two thirds of the dorsal plate of the lorica. (B) Close-up of the anterior region of the specimen, dorsal view. Arrow points to the two most distal segments of a clavoscalid.(C) Close-up of the introvert, neck and anterior region of the abdomen, dorsal view. (D) Posterior region, ventral view. Double-headed arrows point to large pores (gland outlets?) situated on the posterior region of the ventral plate. (E) Posterior region, dorsal view. Note the putative gonopores (go?) located on the" captionText-4="Fig 5. Light micrographs of a paratypic adult female of Nanaloricus valdemari sp. nov. Anterior faces up in both aspects, dorsal view. (A) Overview of the specimen with extended introvert and fully extended mouth tube. (B) Close-up of the anterior region of the body. Abbreviations: bu, buccal tube; cs, clavoscalids; in, introvert; lo, lorica; ls, longitudinal stripe; mc, mouth cone; mt, mouth tube; or, oral ridge; sp, anterior spike; ss spinoscalid; tr, trichoscalid. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0250403.g005" captionText-5="Fig 6. Light micrographs of three live specimens of Nanaloricus valdemari sp. nov. Anterior faces up in all aspects. (A) Overview of a female adult with head almost fully retracted. Internally, note the presence of the large ovaries (ov) in the abdomen. (B) Overview of a female adult (different from that shown in A). Note the pair of longitudinal stripes (ls) spanning the anterior two thirds of the dorsal plate of the lorica. (C and D) Overview of a male adult with head almost fully retracted. Note the presence, within the abdomen, of a testis (te) containing spermatozoa (sz). Note also the relative position of the pharyngeal bulb (pb) in this retracted animal. Abbreviations: af, anal field; bu, buccal tube; cs, clavoscalid; dp, dorsal plate; lo, lorica; sp, anterior spike; ss spinoscalid; tr, trichoscalid. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0250403.g006" captionText-6="Fig 7. Scanning electron micrographs of three paratypic adult males of Nanaloricus valdemari sp. nov. (A) Overview of extended specimen, ventral view, anterior faces up. Same specimen as in C and D. Note the multiform clavoscalids: the ventralmost pair is unbranched (and similar to the eight female clavoscalids), while the others are divided into three branches. (B) Close up of the mouth tube (mt). Same specimen as in E. Note the honeycomb sculpture (hs) of the cuticle. (C) Anterior region of the body, ventral view. Note the difference between single (tr1) and double trichoscalids (tr2). White arrowhead points to the small midventral anterior spike. White" figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13151728" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13151732" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13151735" figureDoi-3="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13151737" figureDoi-4="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13151745" figureDoi-5="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13151747" figureDoi-6="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13151751" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/13151728/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/13151732/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/13151735/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/13151737/files/figure.png" httpUri-4="https://zenodo.org/record/13151745/files/figure.png" httpUri-5="https://zenodo.org/record/13151747/files/figure.png" httpUri-6="https://zenodo.org/record/13151751/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Figs 1–7</figureCitation>
|
||
) composed of six cuticularized plates with honeycomb sculpture: one ventral, two ventrolateral, two dorsolateral and one dorsal. Each plate possesses two robust anterior spikes (sp) except for the dorsal plate, which bears four anterior spikes. In total, the anterior edge of the lorica thus has 14 large spikes of equal length, except for one larger spike on each of the dorsolateral plates. In addition, a small midventral spike is present, located between the two large anterior spikes of the ventral plate (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13041F906919517BFA89FD56C22CFD7A" box="[1315,1399,729,753]" captionStart="Fig 1" captionStartId="4.[416,444,1699,1718]" captionTargetBox="[419,1533,183,1681]" captionTargetId="figure-3@4.[416,1536,180,1684]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig 1. Light micrographs of the holotypic adult male of Nanaloricus valdemari sp. nov. Anterior faces up in all aspects. (A) Ventral view of the extended specimen. Note that the mouth tube is not fully extended. (B) Dorsal view of the specimen. Note the pair of longitudinal stripes (ls) spanning the anterior two thirds of the dorsal plate of the lorica. (C) Anterior region of the specimen, dorsal view. (D) Close-up of the posterior region of the introvert and neck, ventral view. White arrowhead points to the small, midventral anterior spike. Arrows point to trichoscalid sensory organs. Abbreviations: af, anal field; bpa/b, basal plate of type a or b; cs, clavoscalid; dp, dorsal plate; fu, oral furca; in, introvert; lo, lorica; mc, mouth cone; mt, mouth tube; sp (and black arrowheads), anterior spike; sr, spinoscalid of 8th or 9th row; ss, spinoscalid; tp, trichoscalid plate; tr, trichoscalid; vlp, ventrolateral plate; vp, 8/9 ventral plate. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0250403.g001" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13151728" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13151728/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Figs 1D</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13041F906919517BFA28FD56C2D4FD7A" box="[1410,1423,729,753]" captionStart="Fig 2" captionStartId="5.[372,400,1734,1753]" captionTargetBox="[375,1533,211,1709]" captionTargetId="figure-3@5.[372,1536,208,1712]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig 2. Line art drawing of the adult male habitus of Nanaloricus valdemari sp. nov. Ventral view of the body, anterior faces up. Note that only a selected number of scalids from rows 1 to 8 are represented for clarity. Abbreviations: af, anal field; bpa/b, basal plates of type a and b; bu, buccal tube; cs, clavoscalid; dlp, dorsolateral plate; fu, oral furca; gl?, putative gland outlet; in, introvert; lo, lorica; mc, mouth cone; mo, mouth aperture; mt, mouth tube; mvs, midventral anterior spike; ne, neck; or1/2, oral ridges of type 1 and 2; sr2–9, spinoscalids of 2nd to 9th row (including sr, i.e. type a and b spinoscalids of the 4th row); sp (and black arrowheads), anterior spike; to, trichoscalid 4a/b sensory organ; tp, trichoscalid plate; tr1, single trichoscalid; tr2, double trichoscalid; vlp, ventrolateral plate; vp, ventral plate. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0250403.g002" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13151732" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13151732/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">2</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13041F906919517BFA31FD56C56DFC98" captionStart="Fig 7" captionStartId="10.[394,422,1759,1778]" captionTargetBox="[394,1536,208,1744]" captionTargetId="figure-1@10.[394,1536,208,1744]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Fig 7. Scanning electron micrographs of three paratypic adult males of Nanaloricus valdemari sp. nov. (A) Overview of extended specimen, ventral view, anterior faces up. Same specimen as in C and D. Note the multiform clavoscalids: the ventralmost pair is unbranched (and similar to the eight female clavoscalids), while the others are divided into three branches. (B) Close up of the mouth tube (mt). Same specimen as in E. Note the honeycomb sculpture (hs) of the cuticle. (C) Anterior region of the body, ventral view. Note the difference between single (tr1) and double trichoscalids (tr2). White arrowhead points to the small midventral anterior spike. White" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13151751" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13151751/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">7C and 7D</figureCitation>
|
||
). The total number of anterior spikes is thus 15.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8003156919517BFD9FFC91C477FC15" blockId="14.[533,1536,486,1897]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
Notably, the dorsal plate is characterized by two narrow, longitudinal stripes (ls) spanning laterally along its anterior two thirds (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13041F906919517BFC0EFCCEC4A8FCD2" box="[932,1011,833,857]" captionStart="Fig 1" captionStartId="4.[416,444,1699,1718]" captionTargetBox="[419,1533,183,1681]" captionTargetId="figure-3@4.[416,1536,180,1684]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig 1. Light micrographs of the holotypic adult male of Nanaloricus valdemari sp. nov. Anterior faces up in all aspects. (A) Ventral view of the extended specimen. Note that the mouth tube is not fully extended. (B) Dorsal view of the specimen. Note the pair of longitudinal stripes (ls) spanning the anterior two thirds of the dorsal plate of the lorica. (C) Anterior region of the specimen, dorsal view. (D) Close-up of the posterior region of the introvert and neck, ventral view. White arrowhead points to the small, midventral anterior spike. Arrows point to trichoscalid sensory organs. Abbreviations: af, anal field; bpa/b, basal plate of type a or b; cs, clavoscalid; dp, dorsal plate; fu, oral furca; in, introvert; lo, lorica; mc, mouth cone; mt, mouth tube; sp (and black arrowheads), anterior spike; sr, spinoscalid of 8th or 9th row; ss, spinoscalid; tp, trichoscalid plate; tr, trichoscalid; vlp, ventrolateral plate; vp, 8/9 ventral plate. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0250403.g001" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13151728" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13151728/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Figs 1B</figureCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<figureCitation id="13041F906919517BFB8DFCCEC33AFCD2" box="[1063,1121,833,857]" captionStart-0="Fig 3" captionStart-1="Fig 4" captionStart-2="Fig 5" captionStart-3="Fig 6" captionStart-4="Fig 7" captionStartId-0="6.[533,561,1138,1157]" captionStartId-1="7.[416,444,1727,1746]" captionStartId-2="8.[293,321,1768,1787]" captionStartId-3="9.[416,444,1721,1740]" captionStartId-4="10.[394,422,1759,1778]" captionTargetBox-0="[536,1458,208,1103]" captionTargetBox-1="[419,1533,211,1709]" captionTargetBox-2="[296,1533,821,1741]" captionTargetBox-3="[419,1533,199,1697]" captionTargetBox-4="[394,1536,208,1744]" captionTargetId-0="figure-243@6.[533,1461,208,1116]" captionTargetId-1="figure-1@7.[416,1536,208,1712]" captionTargetId-2="figure-235@8.[293,1536,818,1746]" captionTargetId-3="figure-3@9.[416,1536,196,1700]" captionTargetId-4="figure-1@10.[394,1536,208,1744]" captionTargetPageId-0="6" captionTargetPageId-1="7" captionTargetPageId-2="8" captionTargetPageId-3="9" captionTargetPageId-4="10" captionText-0="Fig 3. Line art drawing of the adult male partial habitus of Nanaloricus valdemari sp. nov. Dorsal view of the lorica, anterior faces up. Abbreviations: ac, anal cone; dlp, dorsolateral plate; dp, dorsal plate; fl, flosculum; go?, putative gonopore; ls, longitudinal stripe; sp (and arrowhead), anterior spike. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0250403.g003" captionText-1="Fig 4. Light micrographs of the allotypic adult female of Nanaloricus valdemari sp. nov. Anterior faces up in all aspects. (A) Overview of the specimen, dorsal view. Note that the mouth tube is not fully extended. Note also the pair of longitudinal stripes (ls) spanning the anterior two thirds of the dorsal plate of the lorica. (B) Close-up of the anterior region of the specimen, dorsal view. Arrow points to the two most distal segments of a clavoscalid.(C) Close-up of the introvert, neck and anterior region of the abdomen, dorsal view. (D) Posterior region, ventral view. Double-headed arrows point to large pores (gland outlets?) situated on the posterior region of the ventral plate. (E) Posterior region, dorsal view. Note the putative gonopores (go?) located on the" captionText-2="Fig 5. Light micrographs of a paratypic adult female of Nanaloricus valdemari sp. nov. Anterior faces up in both aspects, dorsal view. (A) Overview of the specimen with extended introvert and fully extended mouth tube. (B) Close-up of the anterior region of the body. Abbreviations: bu, buccal tube; cs, clavoscalids; in, introvert; lo, lorica; ls, longitudinal stripe; mc, mouth cone; mt, mouth tube; or, oral ridge; sp, anterior spike; ss spinoscalid; tr, trichoscalid. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0250403.g005" captionText-3="Fig 6. Light micrographs of three live specimens of Nanaloricus valdemari sp. nov. Anterior faces up in all aspects. (A) Overview of a female adult with head almost fully retracted. Internally, note the presence of the large ovaries (ov) in the abdomen. (B) Overview of a female adult (different from that shown in A). Note the pair of longitudinal stripes (ls) spanning the anterior two thirds of the dorsal plate of the lorica. (C and D) Overview of a male adult with head almost fully retracted. Note the presence, within the abdomen, of a testis (te) containing spermatozoa (sz). Note also the relative position of the pharyngeal bulb (pb) in this retracted animal. Abbreviations: af, anal field; bu, buccal tube; cs, clavoscalid; dp, dorsal plate; lo, lorica; sp, anterior spike; ss spinoscalid; tr, trichoscalid. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0250403.g006" captionText-4="Fig 7. Scanning electron micrographs of three paratypic adult males of Nanaloricus valdemari sp. nov. (A) Overview of extended specimen, ventral view, anterior faces up. Same specimen as in C and D. Note the multiform clavoscalids: the ventralmost pair is unbranched (and similar to the eight female clavoscalids), while the others are divided into three branches. (B) Close up of the mouth tube (mt). Same specimen as in E. Note the honeycomb sculpture (hs) of the cuticle. (C) Anterior region of the body, ventral view. Note the difference between single (tr1) and double trichoscalids (tr2). White arrowhead points to the small midventral anterior spike. White" figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13151735" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13151737" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13151745" figureDoi-3="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13151747" figureDoi-4="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13151751" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/13151735/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/13151737/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/13151745/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/13151747/files/figure.png" httpUri-4="https://zenodo.org/record/13151751/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">3–7G</figureCitation>
|
||
). These longitudinal stripes appear as surface ridges and their presence gives the impression that the dorsal plate is partially subdivided into three subplates.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8003156919517BFD9FFC26C315FBA2" blockId="14.[533,1536,486,1897]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
A cluster of four flosculi (fl), arranged in a rectangular pattern, is present on each of the dorsolateral plates (dlp). These flosculi are characterized by 5–6 microvilli-like structures covered with cuticle (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13041F906919517BFD7EFC61C432FB8D" box="[724,873,1006,1030]" captionStart="Fig 7" captionStartId="10.[394,422,1759,1778]" captionTargetBox="[394,1536,208,1744]" captionTargetId="figure-1@10.[394,1536,208,1744]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Fig 7. Scanning electron micrographs of three paratypic adult males of Nanaloricus valdemari sp. nov. (A) Overview of extended specimen, ventral view, anterior faces up. Same specimen as in C and D. Note the multiform clavoscalids: the ventralmost pair is unbranched (and similar to the eight female clavoscalids), while the others are divided into three branches. (B) Close up of the mouth tube (mt). Same specimen as in E. Note the honeycomb sculpture (hs) of the cuticle. (C) Anterior region of the body, ventral view. Note the difference between single (tr1) and double trichoscalids (tr2). White arrowhead points to the small midventral anterior spike. White" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13151751" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13151751/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Fig 7F and 7G</figureCitation>
|
||
). Additionally, a single smaller flosculum, with only 2–3 microvilli-like structures, is found on the dorsal plate.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8003156919517BFD9FFBBCC296FA90" blockId="14.[533,1536,486,1897]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
The postero-dorsal region of the lorica consists of an anal field (af,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13041F906919517BFB5DFBBCC21CFBC0" box="[1271,1351,1075,1099]" captionStart="Fig 1" captionStartId="4.[416,444,1699,1718]" captionTargetBox="[419,1533,183,1681]" captionTargetId="figure-3@4.[416,1536,180,1684]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig 1. Light micrographs of the holotypic adult male of Nanaloricus valdemari sp. nov. Anterior faces up in all aspects. (A) Ventral view of the extended specimen. Note that the mouth tube is not fully extended. (B) Dorsal view of the specimen. Note the pair of longitudinal stripes (ls) spanning the anterior two thirds of the dorsal plate of the lorica. (C) Anterior region of the specimen, dorsal view. (D) Close-up of the posterior region of the introvert and neck, ventral view. White arrowhead points to the small, midventral anterior spike. Arrows point to trichoscalid sensory organs. Abbreviations: af, anal field; bpa/b, basal plate of type a or b; cs, clavoscalid; dp, dorsal plate; fu, oral furca; in, introvert; lo, lorica; mc, mouth cone; mt, mouth tube; sp (and black arrowheads), anterior spike; sr, spinoscalid of 8th or 9th row; ss, spinoscalid; tp, trichoscalid plate; tr, trichoscalid; vlp, ventrolateral plate; vp, 8/9 ventral plate. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0250403.g001" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13151728" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13151728/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Figs 1A</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13041F906919517BFAF9FBBCC23BFBC0" box="[1363,1376,1075,1099]" captionStart="Fig 2" captionStartId="5.[372,400,1734,1753]" captionTargetBox="[375,1533,211,1709]" captionTargetId="figure-3@5.[372,1536,208,1712]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig 2. Line art drawing of the adult male habitus of Nanaloricus valdemari sp. nov. Ventral view of the body, anterior faces up. Note that only a selected number of scalids from rows 1 to 8 are represented for clarity. Abbreviations: af, anal field; bpa/b, basal plates of type a and b; bu, buccal tube; cs, clavoscalid; dlp, dorsolateral plate; fu, oral furca; gl?, putative gland outlet; in, introvert; lo, lorica; mc, mouth cone; mo, mouth aperture; mt, mouth tube; mvs, midventral anterior spike; ne, neck; or1/2, oral ridges of type 1 and 2; sr2–9, spinoscalids of 2nd to 9th row (including sr, i.e. type a and b spinoscalids of the 4th row); sp (and black arrowheads), anterior spike; to, trichoscalid 4a/b sensory organ; tp, trichoscalid plate; tr1, single trichoscalid; tr2, double trichoscalid; vlp, ventrolateral plate; vp, ventral plate. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0250403.g002" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13151732" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13151732/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">2</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13041F906919517BFAC6FBBCC2D0FBC0" box="[1388,1419,1075,1099]" captionStart="Fig 4" captionStartId="7.[416,444,1727,1746]" captionTargetBox="[419,1533,211,1709]" captionTargetId="figure-1@7.[416,1536,208,1712]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Fig 4. Light micrographs of the allotypic adult female of Nanaloricus valdemari sp. nov. Anterior faces up in all aspects. (A) Overview of the specimen, dorsal view. Note that the mouth tube is not fully extended. Note also the pair of longitudinal stripes (ls) spanning the anterior two thirds of the dorsal plate of the lorica. (B) Close-up of the anterior region of the specimen, dorsal view. Arrow points to the two most distal segments of a clavoscalid.(C) Close-up of the introvert, neck and anterior region of the abdomen, dorsal view. (D) Posterior region, ventral view. Double-headed arrows point to large pores (gland outlets?) situated on the posterior region of the ventral plate. (E) Posterior region, dorsal view. Note the putative gonopores (go?) located on the" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13151737" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13151737/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">4A</figureCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<figureCitation id="13041F906919517BFA15FBBCC286FBC0" box="[1471,1501,1075,1099]" captionStart="Fig 6" captionStartId="9.[416,444,1721,1740]" captionTargetBox="[419,1533,199,1697]" captionTargetId="figure-3@9.[416,1536,196,1700]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Fig 6. Light micrographs of three live specimens of Nanaloricus valdemari sp. nov. Anterior faces up in all aspects. (A) Overview of a female adult with head almost fully retracted. Internally, note the presence of the large ovaries (ov) in the abdomen. (B) Overview of a female adult (different from that shown in A). Note the pair of longitudinal stripes (ls) spanning the anterior two thirds of the dorsal plate of the lorica. (C and D) Overview of a male adult with head almost fully retracted. Note the presence, within the abdomen, of a testis (te) containing spermatozoa (sz). Note also the relative position of the pharyngeal bulb (pb) in this retracted animal. Abbreviations: af, anal field; bu, buccal tube; cs, clavoscalid; dp, dorsal plate; lo, lorica; sp, anterior spike; ss spinoscalid; tr, trichoscalid. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0250403.g006" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13151747" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13151747/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">6A</figureCitation>
|
||
). More specifically, this anus-gonopore region is characterized, both in males and females, by a small anal cone (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13041F906919517BFD6FFBF6C45EFB1A" box="[709,773,1145,1169]" captionStart="Fig 3" captionStartId="6.[533,561,1138,1157]" captionTargetBox="[536,1458,208,1103]" captionTargetId="figure-243@6.[533,1461,208,1116]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig 3. Line art drawing of the adult male partial habitus of Nanaloricus valdemari sp. nov. Dorsal view of the lorica, anterior faces up. Abbreviations: ac, anal cone; dlp, dorsolateral plate; dp, dorsal plate; fl, flosculum; go?, putative gonopore; ls, longitudinal stripe; sp (and arrowhead), anterior spike. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0250403.g003" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13151735" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13151735/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Figs 3</figureCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<figureCitation id="13041F906919517BFC93FBF6C403FB1A" box="[825,856,1145,1169]" captionStart="Fig 7" captionStartId="10.[394,422,1759,1778]" captionTargetBox="[394,1536,208,1744]" captionTargetId="figure-1@10.[394,1536,208,1744]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Fig 7. Scanning electron micrographs of three paratypic adult males of Nanaloricus valdemari sp. nov. (A) Overview of extended specimen, ventral view, anterior faces up. Same specimen as in C and D. Note the multiform clavoscalids: the ventralmost pair is unbranched (and similar to the eight female clavoscalids), while the others are divided into three branches. (B) Close up of the mouth tube (mt). Same specimen as in E. Note the honeycomb sculpture (hs) of the cuticle. (C) Anterior region of the body, ventral view. Note the difference between single (tr1) and double trichoscalids (tr2). White arrowhead points to the small midventral anterior spike. White" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13151751" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13151751/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">7G</figureCitation>
|
||
) and a pair of putative gonopores situated posteriorly on the dorsolateral plates (go?;
|
||
<figureCitation id="13041F906919517BFCBFFB14C408FB38" box="[789,851,1179,1203]" captionStart="Fig 3" captionStartId="6.[533,561,1138,1157]" captionTargetBox="[536,1458,208,1103]" captionTargetId="figure-243@6.[533,1461,208,1116]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig 3. Line art drawing of the adult male partial habitus of Nanaloricus valdemari sp. nov. Dorsal view of the lorica, anterior faces up. Abbreviations: ac, anal cone; dlp, dorsolateral plate; dp, dorsal plate; fl, flosculum; go?, putative gonopore; ls, longitudinal stripe; sp (and arrowhead), anterior spike. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0250403.g003" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13151735" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13151735/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Figs 3</figureCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<figureCitation id="13041F906919517BFC2DFB14C4F8FB38" box="[903,931,1179,1203]" captionStart="Fig 4" captionStartId="7.[416,444,1727,1746]" captionTargetBox="[419,1533,211,1709]" captionTargetId="figure-1@7.[416,1536,208,1712]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Fig 4. Light micrographs of the allotypic adult female of Nanaloricus valdemari sp. nov. Anterior faces up in all aspects. (A) Overview of the specimen, dorsal view. Note that the mouth tube is not fully extended. Note also the pair of longitudinal stripes (ls) spanning the anterior two thirds of the dorsal plate of the lorica. (B) Close-up of the anterior region of the specimen, dorsal view. Arrow points to the two most distal segments of a clavoscalid.(C) Close-up of the introvert, neck and anterior region of the abdomen, dorsal view. (D) Posterior region, ventral view. Double-headed arrows point to large pores (gland outlets?) situated on the posterior region of the ventral plate. (E) Posterior region, dorsal view. Note the putative gonopores (go?) located on the" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13151737" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13151737/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">4E</figureCitation>
|
||
). Each of the latter plates is furthermore characterized by a cuticularized crest (cc) that spans internally between the putative gonopores and the posterior end of the lorica (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13041F906919517BFCBBFB6EC403FB72" box="[785,856,1249,1273]" captionStart="Fig 4" captionStartId="7.[416,444,1727,1746]" captionTargetBox="[419,1533,211,1709]" captionTargetId="figure-1@7.[416,1536,208,1712]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Fig 4. Light micrographs of the allotypic adult female of Nanaloricus valdemari sp. nov. Anterior faces up in all aspects. (A) Overview of the specimen, dorsal view. Note that the mouth tube is not fully extended. Note also the pair of longitudinal stripes (ls) spanning the anterior two thirds of the dorsal plate of the lorica. (B) Close-up of the anterior region of the specimen, dorsal view. Arrow points to the two most distal segments of a clavoscalid.(C) Close-up of the introvert, neck and anterior region of the abdomen, dorsal view. (D) Posterior region, ventral view. Double-headed arrows point to large pores (gland outlets?) situated on the posterior region of the ventral plate. (E) Posterior region, dorsal view. Note the putative gonopores (go?) located on the" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13151737" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13151737/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Fig 4A</figureCitation>
|
||
). On the ventral side, a large pore (gland outlet?) is situated posteriorly on each margin of the ventral plate (gl?;
|
||
<figureCitation id="13041F906919517BFBB8FA8CC30BFA90" box="[1042,1104,1283,1307]" captionStart="Fig 2" captionStartId="5.[372,400,1734,1753]" captionTargetBox="[375,1533,211,1709]" captionTargetId="figure-3@5.[372,1536,208,1712]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig 2. Line art drawing of the adult male habitus of Nanaloricus valdemari sp. nov. Ventral view of the body, anterior faces up. Note that only a selected number of scalids from rows 1 to 8 are represented for clarity. Abbreviations: af, anal field; bpa/b, basal plates of type a and b; bu, buccal tube; cs, clavoscalid; dlp, dorsolateral plate; fu, oral furca; gl?, putative gland outlet; in, introvert; lo, lorica; mc, mouth cone; mo, mouth aperture; mt, mouth tube; mvs, midventral anterior spike; ne, neck; or1/2, oral ridges of type 1 and 2; sr2–9, spinoscalids of 2nd to 9th row (including sr, i.e. type a and b spinoscalids of the 4th row); sp (and black arrowheads), anterior spike; to, trichoscalid 4a/b sensory organ; tp, trichoscalid plate; tr1, single trichoscalid; tr2, double trichoscalid; vlp, ventrolateral plate; vp, ventral plate. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0250403.g002" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13151732" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13151732/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Figs 2</figureCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<figureCitation id="13041F906919517BFB2EFA8CC3FFFA90" box="[1156,1188,1283,1307]" captionStart="Fig 4" captionStartId="7.[416,444,1727,1746]" captionTargetBox="[419,1533,211,1709]" captionTargetId="figure-1@7.[416,1536,208,1712]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Fig 4. Light micrographs of the allotypic adult female of Nanaloricus valdemari sp. nov. Anterior faces up in all aspects. (A) Overview of the specimen, dorsal view. Note that the mouth tube is not fully extended. Note also the pair of longitudinal stripes (ls) spanning the anterior two thirds of the dorsal plate of the lorica. (B) Close-up of the anterior region of the specimen, dorsal view. Arrow points to the two most distal segments of a clavoscalid.(C) Close-up of the introvert, neck and anterior region of the abdomen, dorsal view. (D) Posterior region, ventral view. Double-headed arrows point to large pores (gland outlets?) situated on the posterior region of the ventral plate. (E) Posterior region, dorsal view. Note the putative gonopores (go?) located on the" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13151737" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13151737/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">4D</figureCitation>
|
||
) of both males and females.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8003156919517BFD9FFAA9C3F8FA67" blockId="14.[533,1536,486,1897]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BDF076919517BFD9FFAA9C5A7FAB6" box="[565,764,1318,1342]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Internal anatomy (</emphasis>
|
||
<figureCitation id="13041F906919517BFD56FAA9C461FAB5" box="[764,826,1318,1342]" captionStart="Fig 2" captionStartId="5.[372,400,1734,1753]" captionTargetBox="[375,1533,211,1709]" captionTargetId="figure-3@5.[372,1536,208,1712]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig 2. Line art drawing of the adult male habitus of Nanaloricus valdemari sp. nov. Ventral view of the body, anterior faces up. Note that only a selected number of scalids from rows 1 to 8 are represented for clarity. Abbreviations: af, anal field; bpa/b, basal plates of type a and b; bu, buccal tube; cs, clavoscalid; dlp, dorsolateral plate; fu, oral furca; gl?, putative gland outlet; in, introvert; lo, lorica; mc, mouth cone; mo, mouth aperture; mt, mouth tube; mvs, midventral anterior spike; ne, neck; or1/2, oral ridges of type 1 and 2; sr2–9, spinoscalids of 2nd to 9th row (including sr, i.e. type a and b spinoscalids of the 4th row); sp (and black arrowheads), anterior spike; to, trichoscalid 4a/b sensory organ; tp, trichoscalid plate; tr1, single trichoscalid; tr2, double trichoscalid; vlp, ventrolateral plate; vp, ventral plate. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0250403.g002" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13151732" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13151732/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Figs 2</figureCitation>
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BDF076919517BFC95FAA9C433FAB5" box="[831,872,1318,1342]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">and</emphasis>
|
||
<figureCitation id="13041F906919517BFCC4FAA9C4CEFAB5" box="[878,917,1318,1342]" captionStart-0="Fig 4" captionStart-1="Fig 5" captionStart-2="Fig 6" captionStartId-0="7.[416,444,1727,1746]" captionStartId-1="8.[293,321,1768,1787]" captionStartId-2="9.[416,444,1721,1740]" captionTargetBox-0="[419,1533,211,1709]" captionTargetBox-1="[296,1533,821,1741]" captionTargetBox-2="[419,1533,199,1697]" captionTargetId-0="figure-1@7.[416,1536,208,1712]" captionTargetId-1="figure-235@8.[293,1536,818,1746]" captionTargetId-2="figure-3@9.[416,1536,196,1700]" captionTargetPageId-0="7" captionTargetPageId-1="8" captionTargetPageId-2="9" captionText-0="Fig 4. Light micrographs of the allotypic adult female of Nanaloricus valdemari sp. nov. Anterior faces up in all aspects. (A) Overview of the specimen, dorsal view. Note that the mouth tube is not fully extended. Note also the pair of longitudinal stripes (ls) spanning the anterior two thirds of the dorsal plate of the lorica. (B) Close-up of the anterior region of the specimen, dorsal view. Arrow points to the two most distal segments of a clavoscalid.(C) Close-up of the introvert, neck and anterior region of the abdomen, dorsal view. (D) Posterior region, ventral view. Double-headed arrows point to large pores (gland outlets?) situated on the posterior region of the ventral plate. (E) Posterior region, dorsal view. Note the putative gonopores (go?) located on the" captionText-1="Fig 5. Light micrographs of a paratypic adult female of Nanaloricus valdemari sp. nov. Anterior faces up in both aspects, dorsal view. (A) Overview of the specimen with extended introvert and fully extended mouth tube. (B) Close-up of the anterior region of the body. Abbreviations: bu, buccal tube; cs, clavoscalids; in, introvert; lo, lorica; ls, longitudinal stripe; mc, mouth cone; mt, mouth tube; or, oral ridge; sp, anterior spike; ss spinoscalid; tr, trichoscalid. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0250403.g005" captionText-2="Fig 6. Light micrographs of three live specimens of Nanaloricus valdemari sp. nov. Anterior faces up in all aspects. (A) Overview of a female adult with head almost fully retracted. Internally, note the presence of the large ovaries (ov) in the abdomen. (B) Overview of a female adult (different from that shown in A). Note the pair of longitudinal stripes (ls) spanning the anterior two thirds of the dorsal plate of the lorica. (C and D) Overview of a male adult with head almost fully retracted. Note the presence, within the abdomen, of a testis (te) containing spermatozoa (sz). Note also the relative position of the pharyngeal bulb (pb) in this retracted animal. Abbreviations: af, anal field; bu, buccal tube; cs, clavoscalid; dp, dorsal plate; lo, lorica; sp, anterior spike; ss spinoscalid; tr, trichoscalid. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0250403.g006" figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13151737" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13151745" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13151747" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/13151737/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/13151745/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/13151747/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">4–6</figureCitation>
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BDF076919517BFC3FFAA9C4C5FAB6" box="[917,926,1318,1341]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">)</emphasis>
|
||
. A long annulated buccal tube (bu) extends between the mouth aperture (mo) and the pharyngeal bulb (pb;
|
||
<figureCitation id="13041F906919517BFB9FFAC6C328FAEA" box="[1077,1139,1353,1377]" captionStart="Fig 2" captionStartId="5.[372,400,1734,1753]" captionTargetBox="[375,1533,211,1709]" captionTargetId="figure-3@5.[372,1536,208,1712]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig 2. Line art drawing of the adult male habitus of Nanaloricus valdemari sp. nov. Ventral view of the body, anterior faces up. Note that only a selected number of scalids from rows 1 to 8 are represented for clarity. Abbreviations: af, anal field; bpa/b, basal plates of type a and b; bu, buccal tube; cs, clavoscalid; dlp, dorsolateral plate; fu, oral furca; gl?, putative gland outlet; in, introvert; lo, lorica; mc, mouth cone; mo, mouth aperture; mt, mouth tube; mvs, midventral anterior spike; ne, neck; or1/2, oral ridges of type 1 and 2; sr2–9, spinoscalids of 2nd to 9th row (including sr, i.e. type a and b spinoscalids of the 4th row); sp (and black arrowheads), anterior spike; to, trichoscalid 4a/b sensory organ; tp, trichoscalid plate; tr1, single trichoscalid; tr2, double trichoscalid; vlp, ventrolateral plate; vp, ventral plate. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0250403.g002" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13151732" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13151732/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Figs 2</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13041F906919517BFBD4FAC6C39DFAEA" box="[1150,1222,1353,1377]" captionStart="Fig 4" captionStartId="7.[416,444,1727,1746]" captionTargetBox="[419,1533,211,1709]" captionTargetId="figure-1@7.[416,1536,208,1712]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Fig 4. Light micrographs of the allotypic adult female of Nanaloricus valdemari sp. nov. Anterior faces up in all aspects. (A) Overview of the specimen, dorsal view. Note that the mouth tube is not fully extended. Note also the pair of longitudinal stripes (ls) spanning the anterior two thirds of the dorsal plate of the lorica. (B) Close-up of the anterior region of the specimen, dorsal view. Arrow points to the two most distal segments of a clavoscalid.(C) Close-up of the introvert, neck and anterior region of the abdomen, dorsal view. (D) Posterior region, ventral view. Double-headed arrows point to large pores (gland outlets?) situated on the posterior region of the ventral plate. (E) Posterior region, dorsal view. Note the putative gonopores (go?) located on the" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13151737" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13151737/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">4A, 4B</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13041F906919517BFB7BFAC6C385FAEA" box="[1233,1246,1353,1377]" captionStart="Fig 5" captionStartId="8.[293,321,1768,1787]" captionTargetBox="[296,1533,821,1741]" captionTargetId="figure-235@8.[293,1536,818,1746]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Fig 5. Light micrographs of a paratypic adult female of Nanaloricus valdemari sp. nov. Anterior faces up in both aspects, dorsal view. (A) Overview of the specimen with extended introvert and fully extended mouth tube. (B) Close-up of the anterior region of the body. Abbreviations: bu, buccal tube; cs, clavoscalids; in, introvert; lo, lorica; ls, longitudinal stripe; mc, mouth cone; mt, mouth tube; or, oral ridge; sp, anterior spike; ss spinoscalid; tr, trichoscalid. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0250403.g005" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13151745" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13151745/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">5</figureCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<figureCitation id="13041F906919517BFAB8FAC6C268FAEA" box="[1298,1331,1353,1377]" captionStart="Fig 6" captionStartId="9.[416,444,1721,1740]" captionTargetBox="[419,1533,199,1697]" captionTargetId="figure-3@9.[416,1536,196,1700]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Fig 6. Light micrographs of three live specimens of Nanaloricus valdemari sp. nov. Anterior faces up in all aspects. (A) Overview of a female adult with head almost fully retracted. Internally, note the presence of the large ovaries (ov) in the abdomen. (B) Overview of a female adult (different from that shown in A). Note the pair of longitudinal stripes (ls) spanning the anterior two thirds of the dorsal plate of the lorica. (C and D) Overview of a male adult with head almost fully retracted. Note the presence, within the abdomen, of a testis (te) containing spermatozoa (sz). Note also the relative position of the pharyngeal bulb (pb) in this retracted animal. Abbreviations: af, anal field; bu, buccal tube; cs, clavoscalid; dp, dorsal plate; lo, lorica; sp, anterior spike; ss spinoscalid; tr, trichoscalid. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0250403.g006" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13151747" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13151747/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">6D</figureCitation>
|
||
). Posteriorly, the pre-pharyngeal armature is characterized by the presence of three buccal furcae arranged radially, which anchor retractor muscles (not shown). In females, the abdominal region is characterized by the presence of two ovaries (ov;
|
||
<figureCitation id="13041F906919517BFC7CFA3EC347FA42" box="[982,1052,1457,1481]" captionStart="Fig 6" captionStartId="9.[416,444,1721,1740]" captionTargetBox="[419,1533,199,1697]" captionTargetId="figure-3@9.[416,1536,196,1700]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Fig 6. Light micrographs of three live specimens of Nanaloricus valdemari sp. nov. Anterior faces up in all aspects. (A) Overview of a female adult with head almost fully retracted. Internally, note the presence of the large ovaries (ov) in the abdomen. (B) Overview of a female adult (different from that shown in A). Note the pair of longitudinal stripes (ls) spanning the anterior two thirds of the dorsal plate of the lorica. (C and D) Overview of a male adult with head almost fully retracted. Note the presence, within the abdomen, of a testis (te) containing spermatozoa (sz). Note also the relative position of the pharyngeal bulb (pb) in this retracted animal. Abbreviations: af, anal field; bu, buccal tube; cs, clavoscalid; dp, dorsal plate; lo, lorica; sp, anterior spike; ss spinoscalid; tr, trichoscalid. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0250403.g006" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13151747" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13151747/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Fig 6A</figureCitation>
|
||
), each of which may contain oocytes. Males have two large testes (te) containing spermatozoa (sz;
|
||
<figureCitation id="13041F906919517BFBE4FA5BC3CFFA67" box="[1102,1172,1492,1516]" captionStart="Fig 6" captionStartId="9.[416,444,1721,1740]" captionTargetBox="[419,1533,199,1697]" captionTargetId="figure-3@9.[416,1536,196,1700]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Fig 6. Light micrographs of three live specimens of Nanaloricus valdemari sp. nov. Anterior faces up in all aspects. (A) Overview of a female adult with head almost fully retracted. Internally, note the presence of the large ovaries (ov) in the abdomen. (B) Overview of a female adult (different from that shown in A). Note the pair of longitudinal stripes (ls) spanning the anterior two thirds of the dorsal plate of the lorica. (C and D) Overview of a male adult with head almost fully retracted. Note the presence, within the abdomen, of a testis (te) containing spermatozoa (sz). Note also the relative position of the pharyngeal bulb (pb) in this retracted animal. Abbreviations: af, anal field; bu, buccal tube; cs, clavoscalid; dp, dorsal plate; lo, lorica; sp, anterior spike; ss spinoscalid; tr, trichoscalid. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0250403.g006" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13151747" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13151747/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Fig 6C</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |