493 lines
62 KiB
XML
493 lines
62 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.208.89913" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2003-208-103" ID-Pensoft-UUID="88C0802178725C0F86DB6E2074FDD5AB" ModsDocID="1314-2003-208-103" checkinTime="1663785939964" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Lobban, Christopher S., Ashworth, Matt P., Camacho, Terance, Lam, Daryl W. & Theriot, Edward C." docDate="2022" docId="621983A0CE405866A074AF54574EAC94" docLanguage="en" docName="PhytoKeys 208: 103-184" docOrigin="PhytoKeys 208" docPubDate="2022-09-21" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.208.89913" docTitle="Climacosphenia elongata J. W. Bailey 1854" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" id="88C0802178725C0F86DB6E2074FDD5AB" lastPageNumber="103" masterDocId="88C0802178725C0F86DB6E2074FDD5AB" masterDocTitle="Revision of Ardissoneaceae (Bacillariophyta, Mediophyceae) from Micronesian populations, with descriptions of two new genera, Ardissoneopsis and Grunowago, and new species in Ardissonea, Synedrosphenia and Climacosphenia" masterLastPageNumber="184" masterPageNumber="103" pageNumber="103" updateTime="1663786243073" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Revision of Ardissoneaceae (Bacillariophyta, Mediophyceae) from Micronesian populations, with descriptions of two new genera, Ardissoneopsis and Grunowago, and new species in Ardissonea, Synedrosphenia and Climacosphenia</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Lobban, Christopher S.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1596-0656</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Division of Natural Sciences, University of Guam, Mangilao, GU 96923, Guam, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">clobban@guam.net</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Ashworth, Matt P.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Camacho, Terance</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Division of Natural Sciences, University of Guam, Mangilao, GU 96923, Guam, USA</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Lam, Daryl W.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>LSAMP Program, University of Guam, Mangilao, GU 96923, Guam, USA</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Theriot, Edward C.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>PhytoKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2022</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2022-09-21</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>208</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>103</mods:start>
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<mods:end>184</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.208.89913</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.208.89913</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2003-208-103</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">88C0802178725C0F86DB6E2074FDD5AB</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:621983A0CE405866A074AF54574EAC94" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/621983A0CE405866A074AF54574EAC94" lastPageNumber="103" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="103" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="103">
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<taxonomicName LSID="621983A0-CE40-5866-A074-AF54574EAC94" authority="J. W. Bailey, 1854" authorityName="J. W. Bailey" authorityYear="1854" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Ardissoneaceae" genus="Climacosphenia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Climacosphenia elongata" order="Ardissoneales" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="elongata">Climacosphenia elongata J.W. Bailey, 1854</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="103" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="103">
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 25" captionStartId="F25" captionText="Figure 25. Climacosphenia elongata, GU 44 BM- 7, except as noted A valve with valvocopula in LM, showing consistently narrow craticular bars, some double (arrowheads) (GU 44 X- 2) B apical part of a valve with valvocopula in SEM, showing the progressive narrowing of the annular ring (series of small arrows) and the wider space between craticular bars where the nucleus resides (thick arrow) C narrow portion of valve with valvocopula showing the fibmbriae D basal pole of valve with valvocopula, showing the scattered pattern of areolae inside the annulus gradually becoming regular striae, development of costae (arrow), and complex unions in the craticular bars E external view of apical pole showing annulus (double-headed arrow) and spines F frustule in girdle view showing the two girdle bands G, H valvocopula near basal pole and in tapering part at top of " stem, " respectively, showing complex versus simple unions in the craticular bars (TK 4). Scale bars: 100 µm (A); 50 µm (B); 10 µm (C-H)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.208.89913.figure25" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/746741" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Fig. 25</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="103" type="references">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="103">References.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="103">
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<bibRefCitation author="Bailey, JW" journalOrPublisher="Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" pagination="1 - 15" publicationUrl="https://wellcomecollection.org/works/dh32g9mu" refId="B6" refString="Bailey, JW, 1854. Notes on new species and localities of microscopical organisms. Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge 7 (3): 1 - 15, https://wellcomecollection.org/works/dh32g9mu" title="Notes on new species and localities of microscopical organisms." url="https://wellcomecollection.org/works/dh32g9mu" volume="7" year="1854">Bailey 1854</bibRefCitation>
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, p. 353, pl. 1, figs 10, 11;
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.68918" author="Peragallo, H" journalOrPublisher="Tempere, Grez-sur-Loing, France" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" refId="B59" refString="Peragallo, H, Peragallo, M, 1897-1908. Diatomees Marines de France et des Districts Maritimes Voisins. M.J. Tempere, Grez-sur-Loing, France, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.68918" title="Diatomees Marines de France et des Districts Maritimes Voisins. M. J." url="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.68918" year="1897 - 1908">Peragallo and Peragallo 1897-1908</bibRefCitation>
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, p. 352, pl. 86, figs 2-4;
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<bibRefCitation author="Hustedt, F" journalOrPublisher="Hidrobiologica" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" refId="B24" refString="Hustedt, F, 1914. Plates 307, 308. In: Schmidt A, Schmidt M, Fricke F, Heiden H, Mueller O, Hustedt F (1874-1959) Atlas de Diatomaceen-kunde. Reprint 1972. Koeltz, Koenigstein." title="Plates 307, 308. In: Schmidt A, Schmidt M, Fricke F, Heiden H, Mueller O, Hustedt F (1874 - 1959) Atlas de Diatomaceen-kunde. Reprint 1972. Koeltz, Koenigstein." year="1914">Hustedt 1914</bibRefCitation>
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, pl. 307, figs 1-4; Ricard 1977, figs 669-677;
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<bibRefCitation author="Montgomery, RT" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Phycology" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" refId="B50" refString="Montgomery, RT, 1978. Environmental and ecological studies of the diatom communities associated with the coral reefs of the Florida Keys. Volumes I and II. Ph.D. Dissertation, Florida State University, Tallahassee." title="Environmental and ecological studies of the diatom communities associated with the coral reefs of the Florida Keys. Volumes I and II. Ph. D. Dissertation, Florida State University, Tallahassee." year="1978">Montgomery 1978</bibRefCitation>
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, pl. 114, fig. E-H;
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1515/botm.1982.25.11.519" author="Round, FE" journalOrPublisher="Botanica Marina" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" pagination="510 - 527" refId="B66" refString="Round, FE, 1982. The diatom genus Climacosphenia Ehr. Botanica Marina 25 (11): 510 - 527, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/botm.1982.25.11.519" title="The diatom genus Climacosphenia Ehr." url="https://doi.org/10.1515/botm.1982.25.11.519" volume="25" year="1982">Round 1982</bibRefCitation>
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, figs 1-38 (in part);
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<bibRefCitation author="Round, FE" journalOrPublisher="Cambridge University Press, Cambridge" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" refId="B67" refString="Round, FE, Crawford, RM, Mann, DG, 1990. The Diatoms: Biology and morphology of the genera. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge" title="The Diatoms: Biology and morphology of the genera." year="1990">Round et al. 1990</bibRefCitation>
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, p. 442.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="103" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Description from literature.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="103">
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<taxonomicName lsidName="C. elongata" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rank="species" species="elongata">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">C. elongata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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has been described (e.g., by
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.68918" author="Peragallo, H" journalOrPublisher="Tempere, Grez-sur-Loing, France" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" refId="B59" refString="Peragallo, H, Peragallo, M, 1897-1908. Diatomees Marines de France et des Districts Maritimes Voisins. M.J. Tempere, Grez-sur-Loing, France, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.68918" title="Diatomees Marines de France et des Districts Maritimes Voisins. M. J." url="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.68918" year="1897 - 1908">Peragallo and Peragallo 1897-1908</bibRefCitation>
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and
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<bibRefCitation author="Hustedt, F" journalOrPublisher="Hidrobiologica" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" refId="B25" refString="Hustedt, F, 1931-1959. Die Kieselalgen Deutschlands, Oesterreichs und der Schweiz. In: Rabenhorst's Kryptogamenflora, Band 7, Teil 2. Johnson Reprint, New York." title="Die Kieselalgen Deutschlands, Oesterreichs und der Schweiz. In: Rabenhorst's Kryptogamenflora, Band 7, Teil 2. Johnson Reprint, New York." year="1931 - 1959">Hustedt 1931-1959</bibRefCitation>
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) as identical to
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<taxonomicName lsidName="C. moniligera" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rank="species" species="moniligera">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">C. moniligera</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Ehrenberg, 1843 except for the valve tapering more abruptly to a stem with parallel sides. Yet
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<bibRefCitation author="Bailey, JW" journalOrPublisher="Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" pagination="1 - 15" publicationUrl="https://wellcomecollection.org/works/dh32g9mu" refId="B6" refString="Bailey, JW, 1854. Notes on new species and localities of microscopical organisms. Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge 7 (3): 1 - 15, https://wellcomecollection.org/works/dh32g9mu" title="Notes on new species and localities of microscopical organisms." url="https://wellcomecollection.org/works/dh32g9mu" volume="7" year="1854">Bailey (1854)</bibRefCitation>
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had specifically distinguished his species from
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<taxonomicName lsidName="C. moniligera" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rank="species" species="moniligera">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">C. moniligera</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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by the finer stria density (without giving numbers) and described a species 330
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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long, with very wide craticular bars (as shown also in
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.68918" author="Peragallo, H" journalOrPublisher="Tempere, Grez-sur-Loing, France" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" refId="B59" refString="Peragallo, H, Peragallo, M, 1897-1908. Diatomees Marines de France et des Districts Maritimes Voisins. M.J. Tempere, Grez-sur-Loing, France, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.68918" title="Diatomees Marines de France et des Districts Maritimes Voisins. M. J." url="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.68918" year="1897 - 1908">Peragallo and Peragallo 1897-1908</bibRefCitation>
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, pl. 86, fig. 5;
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<bibRefCitation author="Hustedt, F" journalOrPublisher="Hidrobiologica" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" refId="B24" refString="Hustedt, F, 1914. Plates 307, 308. In: Schmidt A, Schmidt M, Fricke F, Heiden H, Mueller O, Hustedt F (1874-1959) Atlas de Diatomaceen-kunde. Reprint 1972. Koeltz, Koenigstein." title="Plates 307, 308. In: Schmidt A, Schmidt M, Fricke F, Heiden H, Mueller O, Hustedt F (1874 - 1959) Atlas de Diatomaceen-kunde. Reprint 1972. Koeltz, Koenigstein." year="1914">Hustedt 1914</bibRefCitation>
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, pl. 307, figs 1-4; and
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1515/botm.1982.25.11.519" author="Round, FE" journalOrPublisher="Botanica Marina" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" pagination="510 - 527" refId="B66" refString="Round, FE, 1982. The diatom genus Climacosphenia Ehr. Botanica Marina 25 (11): 510 - 527, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/botm.1982.25.11.519" title="The diatom genus Climacosphenia Ehr." url="https://doi.org/10.1515/botm.1982.25.11.519" volume="25" year="1982">Round 1982</bibRefCitation>
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, fig. 3) (Table
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<tableCitation captionStart="Table 5" captionStartId="T5" captionText="Table 5. Comparison of Climacosphenia species from literature and present observations." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/85B91B21EF651CFA3D98A95EBB43FCEF" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" tableUuid="85B91B21EF651CFA3D98A95EBB43FCEF">5</tableCitation>
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).
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.68918" author="Peragallo, H" journalOrPublisher="Tempere, Grez-sur-Loing, France" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" refId="B59" refString="Peragallo, H, Peragallo, M, 1897-1908. Diatomees Marines de France et des Districts Maritimes Voisins. M.J. Tempere, Grez-sur-Loing, France, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.68918" title="Diatomees Marines de France et des Districts Maritimes Voisins. M. J." url="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.68918" year="1897 - 1908">Peragallo and Peragallo (1897-1908)</bibRefCitation>
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gave stria densities of 18-21 near the basal pole, 27->30 near the apical pole for
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<taxonomicName lsidName="C. elongata" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rank="species" species="elongata">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">C. elongata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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versus 16-17 in 10
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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basal and 19-20 in 10
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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apical for
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<taxonomicName lsidName="C. moniligera" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rank="species" species="moniligera">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">C. moniligera</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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but expressed the opinion that there was intergradation between the two species.
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<bibRefCitation author="Hustedt, F" journalOrPublisher="Hidrobiologica" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" refId="B25" refString="Hustedt, F, 1931-1959. Die Kieselalgen Deutschlands, Oesterreichs und der Schweiz. In: Rabenhorst's Kryptogamenflora, Band 7, Teil 2. Johnson Reprint, New York." title="Die Kieselalgen Deutschlands, Oesterreichs und der Schweiz. In: Rabenhorst's Kryptogamenflora, Band 7, Teil 2. Johnson Reprint, New York." year="1931 - 1959">Hustedt (1931-1959)</bibRefCitation>
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said that Peragallo and Peragallo had confused their European specimens of
|
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<taxonomicName lsidName="C. elongata" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rank="species" species="elongata">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">C. elongata</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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with
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<taxonomicName lsidName="C. moniligera" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rank="species" species="moniligera">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">C. moniligera</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and he attempted to resolve the confusion with an original drawing of a cell with a very long, very narrow stem. The drawing (his fig. 626) was based on Samoan specimens he had published in
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<normalizedToken originalValue="“Schmidt’s">"Schmidt's</normalizedToken>
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Atlas" (
|
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<bibRefCitation author="Hustedt, F" journalOrPublisher="Hidrobiologica" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" refId="B24" refString="Hustedt, F, 1914. Plates 307, 308. In: Schmidt A, Schmidt M, Fricke F, Heiden H, Mueller O, Hustedt F (1874-1959) Atlas de Diatomaceen-kunde. Reprint 1972. Koeltz, Koenigstein." title="Plates 307, 308. In: Schmidt A, Schmidt M, Fricke F, Heiden H, Mueller O, Hustedt F (1874 - 1959) Atlas de Diatomaceen-kunde. Reprint 1972. Koeltz, Koenigstein." year="1914">Hustedt 1914</bibRefCitation>
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).
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1515/botm.1982.25.11.519" author="Round, FE" journalOrPublisher="Botanica Marina" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" pagination="510 - 527" refId="B66" refString="Round, FE, 1982. The diatom genus Climacosphenia Ehr. Botanica Marina 25 (11): 510 - 527, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/botm.1982.25.11.519" title="The diatom genus Climacosphenia Ehr." url="https://doi.org/10.1515/botm.1982.25.11.519" volume="25" year="1982">Round (1982)</bibRefCitation>
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||
attempted to clarify the difference between the two species, not considering the variation within
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. elongata" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rank="species" species="elongata">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">C. elongata</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
, but his drawings of
|
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<taxonomicName lsidName="C. elongata" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rank="species" species="elongata">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">C. elongata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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show specimens no more than 320
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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long. In recent literature,
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<bibRefCitation author="Alvarez-Blanco, I" journalOrPublisher="Bibliotheca Diatomologica" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" pagination="1 - 409" refId="B2" refString="Alvarez-Blanco, I, Blanco, S, 2014. Benthic diatoms from Mediterranean coasts. Bibliotheca Diatomologica 60: 1 - 409" title="Benthic diatoms from Mediterranean coasts." volume="60" year="2014">
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Álvarez">Alvarez</normalizedToken>
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Blanco and Blanco (2014)
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||
</bibRefCitation>
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, show short cells similar those in
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.68918" author="Peragallo, H" journalOrPublisher="Tempere, Grez-sur-Loing, France" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" refId="B59" refString="Peragallo, H, Peragallo, M, 1897-1908. Diatomees Marines de France et des Districts Maritimes Voisins. M.J. Tempere, Grez-sur-Loing, France, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.68918" title="Diatomees Marines de France et des Districts Maritimes Voisins. M. J." url="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.68918" year="1897 - 1908">Peragallo and Peragallo (1897-1908)</bibRefCitation>
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||
, while
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1080/0269249X.2009.9705787" author="Navarro, JN" journalOrPublisher="Diatom Research" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" pagination="123 - 157" refId="B52" refString="Navarro, JN, Lobban, CS, 2009. Freshwater and marine diatoms from the western Pacific islands of Yap and Guam, with notes on some diatoms in damselfish territories. Diatom Research 24: 123 - 157, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/0269249X.2009.9705787" title="Freshwater and marine diatoms from the western Pacific islands of Yap and Guam, with notes on some diatoms in damselfish territories." url="https://doi.org/10.1080/0269249X.2009.9705787" volume="24" year="2009">Navarro and Lobban (2009)</bibRefCitation>
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reported cells 750-1200
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
long from a Guam sample, similar in shape to those in
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Hustedt, F" journalOrPublisher="Hidrobiologica" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" refId="B25" refString="Hustedt, F, 1931-1959. Die Kieselalgen Deutschlands, Oesterreichs und der Schweiz. In: Rabenhorst's Kryptogamenflora, Band 7, Teil 2. Johnson Reprint, New York." title="Die Kieselalgen Deutschlands, Oesterreichs und der Schweiz. In: Rabenhorst's Kryptogamenflora, Band 7, Teil 2. Johnson Reprint, New York." year="1931 - 1959">Hustedt (1931-1959)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, a range that otherwise occurs only in
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Hustedt’s">Hustedt's</normalizedToken>
|
||
report (table in
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Alvarez-Blanco, I" journalOrPublisher="Bibliotheca Diatomologica" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" pagination="1 - 409" refId="B2" refString="Alvarez-Blanco, I, Blanco, S, 2014. Benthic diatoms from Mediterranean coasts. Bibliotheca Diatomologica 60: 1 - 409" title="Benthic diatoms from Mediterranean coasts." volume="60" year="2014">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Álvarez">Alvarez</normalizedToken>
|
||
Blanco and Blanco 2014
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 103). Ultrastructural characters: Apical spines present; costae generally present; frustules have only two girdle bands, both with fimbriate inner margins (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Ricard, M" journalOrPublisher="Canadian Journal of Botany" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" refId="B64" refString="Ricard, M, 1987. Atlas du phytoplancton marin. Vol. 2. Diatomees. Editions du CNRS, Paris." title="Atlas du phytoplancton marin. Vol. 2. Diatomees. Editions du CNRS, Paris." year="1987">Ricard 1987</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, fig. 677;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Montgomery, RT" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Phycology" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" refId="B50" refString="Montgomery, RT, 1978. Environmental and ecological studies of the diatom communities associated with the coral reefs of the Florida Keys. Volumes I and II. Ph.D. Dissertation, Florida State University, Tallahassee." title="Environmental and ecological studies of the diatom communities associated with the coral reefs of the Florida Keys. Volumes I and II. Ph. D. Dissertation, Florida State University, Tallahassee." year="1978">Montgomery 1978</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, pl. 114, fig. G;
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1515/botm.1982.25.11.519" author="Round, FE" journalOrPublisher="Botanica Marina" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" pagination="510 - 527" refId="B66" refString="Round, FE, 1982. The diatom genus Climacosphenia Ehr. Botanica Marina 25 (11): 510 - 527, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/botm.1982.25.11.519" title="The diatom genus Climacosphenia Ehr." url="https://doi.org/10.1515/botm.1982.25.11.519" volume="25" year="1982">Round 1982</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption ID-Table-UUID="85B91B21EF651CFA3D98A95EBB43FCEF" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/85B91B21EF651CFA3D98A95EBB43FCEF" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" start="Table 5" startId="T5">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="103">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Table 5.</emphasis>
|
||
Comparison of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Ehrenberg" authorityYear="1841" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Ardissoneaceae" genus="Climacosphenia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Climacosphenia" order="Ardissoneales" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Climacosphenia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species from literature and present observations.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="103">
|
||
<table pageId="0" pageNumber="103">
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="103">
|
||
<th colspan="1" isEmpty="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rowspan="1">-</th>
|
||
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rowspan="1">
|
||
Valve length,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rowspan="1">
|
||
Width near basal pole,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rowspan="1">Shape</th>
|
||
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rowspan="1">
|
||
Valvocopula width near apical pole†,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rowspan="1">
|
||
Annulus width near apical pole†,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rowspan="1">
|
||
Stria density in 10
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rowspan="1">Craticular bars</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="103">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. elegantissima" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rank="species" species="elegantissima">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">C. elegantissima</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rowspan="1">700-1305</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rowspan="1">10</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rowspan="1">Spathulate</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rowspan="1">22-24</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rowspan="1">8</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rowspan="1">18-21 basal, 27-28 apical</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rowspan="1">Narrow throughout, complex unions in stem often double</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="103">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. elongata" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rank="species" species="elongata">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">C. elongata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
‡ (literature)
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rowspan="1">325-525</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rowspan="1">-</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rowspan="1">Clavate</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rowspan="1">-</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rowspan="1">-</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rowspan="1">18-21 basal, 27-30 apical</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rowspan="1">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
Narrow throughout, complex unions in stem
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="103">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. elongata" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rank="species" species="elongata">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">C. elongata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(this study)
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rowspan="1">278-516</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rowspan="1">8-9</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rowspan="1">Clavate</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rowspan="1">30-31</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rowspan="1">14-18</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rowspan="1">22 basal, 28 apical</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rowspan="1">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
Narrow throughout, complex unions in lower stem
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="103">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. moniligera" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rank="species" species="moniligera">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">C. moniligera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
‡ (literature)
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rowspan="1">200-700</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rowspan="1">10</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rowspan="1">Gradual taper</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rowspan="1">15-40</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rowspan="1">-</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rowspan="1">16-17 basal, 19-20 apical</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rowspan="1">Wide throughout; complex unions?throughout</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="103">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. scimiter" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rank="species" species="scimiter">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">C. scimiter</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rowspan="1">390-612</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rowspan="1">9</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rowspan="1">Curved</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rowspan="1">25-26</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rowspan="1">7-10</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rowspan="1">21 basal, 29 apical</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rowspan="1">Narrow throughout, complex unions absent</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="103">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. soulonalis" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rank="species" species="soulonalis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">C. soulonalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rowspan="1">390-530</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rowspan="1">10-12</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rowspan="1">Gradual taper</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rowspan="1">29-35</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rowspan="1">15</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rowspan="1">18-20 basal, 28-29 apical</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rowspan="1">Narrow throughout, complex unions only in basal 1-3 bars</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="103">
|
||
<tableNote pageId="0" pageNumber="103">
|
||
† We have tried to standardize width measurements for comparison with annulus width by measuring width across the valvocopula rather than the valve because the mantles are deep and tend to spread out, but width data for
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. moniligera" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rank="species" species="moniligera">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">C. moniligera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are from the literature. ‡ Confusion between
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Ardissoneaceae" genus="Climacosphenia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Climacosphenia moniligera" order="Ardissoneales" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="moniligera">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Climacosphenia moniligera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="J. W. Bailey" authorityYear="1854" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Ardissoneaceae" genus="Climacosphenia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Climacosphenia elongata" order="Ardissoneales" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="elongata">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Climacosphenia elongata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the literature (see text) has led to a wide range of morphometrics; here we have summarized dimensions from
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Bailey, JW" journalOrPublisher="Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" pagination="1 - 15" publicationUrl="https://wellcomecollection.org/works/dh32g9mu" refId="B6" refString="Bailey, JW, 1854. Notes on new species and localities of microscopical organisms. Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge 7 (3): 1 - 15, https://wellcomecollection.org/works/dh32g9mu" title="Notes on new species and localities of microscopical organisms." url="https://wellcomecollection.org/works/dh32g9mu" volume="7" year="1854">Bailey (1854)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.68918" author="Peragallo, H" journalOrPublisher="Tempere, Grez-sur-Loing, France" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" refId="B59" refString="Peragallo, H, Peragallo, M, 1897-1908. Diatomees Marines de France et des Districts Maritimes Voisins. M.J. Tempere, Grez-sur-Loing, France, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.68918" title="Diatomees Marines de France et des Districts Maritimes Voisins. M. J." url="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.68918" year="1897 - 1908">Peragallo and Peragallo (1897-1908)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
for these species, and craticular bars from drawings in Ehrenberg (1853, pl. 2, part 6, fig. 1a, b),
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.68918" author="Peragallo, H" journalOrPublisher="Tempere, Grez-sur-Loing, France" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" refId="B59" refString="Peragallo, H, Peragallo, M, 1897-1908. Diatomees Marines de France et des Districts Maritimes Voisins. M.J. Tempere, Grez-sur-Loing, France, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.68918" title="Diatomees Marines de France et des Districts Maritimes Voisins. M. J." url="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.68918" year="1897 - 1908">Peragallo and Peragallo (1897-1908</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, plate 86, fig. 5),
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Hustedt, F" journalOrPublisher="Hidrobiologica" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" refId="B24" refString="Hustedt, F, 1914. Plates 307, 308. In: Schmidt A, Schmidt M, Fricke F, Heiden H, Mueller O, Hustedt F (1874-1959) Atlas de Diatomaceen-kunde. Reprint 1972. Koeltz, Koenigstein." title="Plates 307, 308. In: Schmidt A, Schmidt M, Fricke F, Heiden H, Mueller O, Hustedt F (1874 - 1959) Atlas de Diatomaceen-kunde. Reprint 1972. Koeltz, Koenigstein." year="1914">Hustedt (1914</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, pl. 307, figs 1-4), and
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1515/botm.1982.25.11.519" author="Round, FE" journalOrPublisher="Botanica Marina" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" pagination="510 - 527" refId="B66" refString="Round, FE, 1982. The diatom genus Climacosphenia Ehr. Botanica Marina 25 (11): 510 - 527, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/botm.1982.25.11.519" title="The diatom genus Climacosphenia Ehr." url="https://doi.org/10.1515/botm.1982.25.11.519" volume="25" year="1982">Round (1982</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, fig. 3).
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Navarro, JN" journalOrPublisher="Nova Hedwigia" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" pagination="333 - 367" refId="B53" refString="Navarro, JN, Perez, C, Arce, N, Arroyo, B, 1989. Benthic marine diatoms of the Caja de Muertos Island, Puerto Rico. Nova Hedwigia 49: 333 - 367" title="Benthic marine diatoms of the Caja de Muertos Island, Puerto Rico." volume="49" year="1989">Navarro et al. (1989</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, fig. 11) and
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Witkowski, A" journalOrPublisher="Diatom Research" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" refId="B87" refString="Witkowski, A, Lange-Bertalot, H, Metzeltin, D, 2000. Diatom Flora of Marine Coasts, I. A.R.G. Gantner Verlag, Ruggell." title="Diatom Flora of Marine Coasts, I. A. R. G. Gantner Verlag, Ruggell." year="2000">Witkowski et al. (2000</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, pl. 18, fig. 1) also show recognizable
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. moniligera" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rank="species" species="moniligera">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">C. moniligera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in LM.
|
||
</tableNote>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="103" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Materials examined.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="103">
|
||
<collectingCountry name="Guam">Guam</collectingCountry>
|
||
: GU44Y-13!, GU44U-1B!, GU44BM-4!, GU44BM-7!, GU52X-1!.
|
||
<collectingCountry name="Micronesia">Federated States of Micronesia</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingRegion country="Micronesia" name="Chuuk">Chuuk</collectingRegion>
|
||
, TK4!
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="103" type="observations">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Observations.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="103">
|
||
Valve clavate, apical part gradually tapering to a narrow stem nearly half the total length of 278-516
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
(Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 25" captionStartId="F25" captionText="Figure 25. Climacosphenia elongata, GU 44 BM- 7, except as noted A valve with valvocopula in LM, showing consistently narrow craticular bars, some double (arrowheads) (GU 44 X- 2) B apical part of a valve with valvocopula in SEM, showing the progressive narrowing of the annular ring (series of small arrows) and the wider space between craticular bars where the nucleus resides (thick arrow) C narrow portion of valve with valvocopula showing the fibmbriae D basal pole of valve with valvocopula, showing the scattered pattern of areolae inside the annulus gradually becoming regular striae, development of costae (arrow), and complex unions in the craticular bars E external view of apical pole showing annulus (double-headed arrow) and spines F frustule in girdle view showing the two girdle bands G, H valvocopula near basal pole and in tapering part at top of " stem, " respectively, showing complex versus simple unions in the craticular bars (TK 4). Scale bars: 100 µm (A); 50 µm (B); 10 µm (C-H)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.208.89913.figure25" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/746741" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">25A, B</figureCitation>
|
||
); maximum width 30-33 at apical pole, 7-8
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
across stem and expanding slightly to 9
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
across basal pole (Table
|
||
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 5" captionStartId="T5" captionText="Table 5. Comparison of Climacosphenia species from literature and present observations." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/85B91B21EF651CFA3D98A95EBB43FCEF" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" tableUuid="85B91B21EF651CFA3D98A95EBB43FCEF">5</tableCitation>
|
||
); annulus closed at both poles, gradually tapering from maximum width of 16-17
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
near apical pole (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 25" captionStartId="F25" captionText="Figure 25. Climacosphenia elongata, GU 44 BM- 7, except as noted A valve with valvocopula in LM, showing consistently narrow craticular bars, some double (arrowheads) (GU 44 X- 2) B apical part of a valve with valvocopula in SEM, showing the progressive narrowing of the annular ring (series of small arrows) and the wider space between craticular bars where the nucleus resides (thick arrow) C narrow portion of valve with valvocopula showing the fibmbriae D basal pole of valve with valvocopula, showing the scattered pattern of areolae inside the annulus gradually becoming regular striae, development of costae (arrow), and complex unions in the craticular bars E external view of apical pole showing annulus (double-headed arrow) and spines F frustule in girdle view showing the two girdle bands G, H valvocopula near basal pole and in tapering part at top of " stem, " respectively, showing complex versus simple unions in the craticular bars (TK 4). Scale bars: 100 µm (A); 50 µm (B); 10 µm (C-H)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.208.89913.figure25" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/746741" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">25B</figureCitation>
|
||
arrows, D, E). Stria densities 28 in 10
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
near apical pole (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 25" captionStartId="F25" captionText="Figure 25. Climacosphenia elongata, GU 44 BM- 7, except as noted A valve with valvocopula in LM, showing consistently narrow craticular bars, some double (arrowheads) (GU 44 X- 2) B apical part of a valve with valvocopula in SEM, showing the progressive narrowing of the annular ring (series of small arrows) and the wider space between craticular bars where the nucleus resides (thick arrow) C narrow portion of valve with valvocopula showing the fibmbriae D basal pole of valve with valvocopula, showing the scattered pattern of areolae inside the annulus gradually becoming regular striae, development of costae (arrow), and complex unions in the craticular bars E external view of apical pole showing annulus (double-headed arrow) and spines F frustule in girdle view showing the two girdle bands G, H valvocopula near basal pole and in tapering part at top of " stem, " respectively, showing complex versus simple unions in the craticular bars (TK 4). Scale bars: 100 µm (A); 50 µm (B); 10 µm (C-H)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.208.89913.figure25" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/746741" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">25E</figureCitation>
|
||
), 22 in 10
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
near basal pole outside the annulus; sparser and more loosely organized inside annulus at basal pole (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 25" captionStartId="F25" captionText="Figure 25. Climacosphenia elongata, GU 44 BM- 7, except as noted A valve with valvocopula in LM, showing consistently narrow craticular bars, some double (arrowheads) (GU 44 X- 2) B apical part of a valve with valvocopula in SEM, showing the progressive narrowing of the annular ring (series of small arrows) and the wider space between craticular bars where the nucleus resides (thick arrow) C narrow portion of valve with valvocopula showing the fibmbriae D basal pole of valve with valvocopula, showing the scattered pattern of areolae inside the annulus gradually becoming regular striae, development of costae (arrow), and complex unions in the craticular bars E external view of apical pole showing annulus (double-headed arrow) and spines F frustule in girdle view showing the two girdle bands G, H valvocopula near basal pole and in tapering part at top of " stem, " respectively, showing complex versus simple unions in the craticular bars (TK 4). Scale bars: 100 µm (A); 50 µm (B); 10 µm (C-H)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.208.89913.figure25" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/746741" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">25D, G</figureCitation>
|
||
). Apical spines present (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 25" captionStartId="F25" captionText="Figure 25. Climacosphenia elongata, GU 44 BM- 7, except as noted A valve with valvocopula in LM, showing consistently narrow craticular bars, some double (arrowheads) (GU 44 X- 2) B apical part of a valve with valvocopula in SEM, showing the progressive narrowing of the annular ring (series of small arrows) and the wider space between craticular bars where the nucleus resides (thick arrow) C narrow portion of valve with valvocopula showing the fibmbriae D basal pole of valve with valvocopula, showing the scattered pattern of areolae inside the annulus gradually becoming regular striae, development of costae (arrow), and complex unions in the craticular bars E external view of apical pole showing annulus (double-headed arrow) and spines F frustule in girdle view showing the two girdle bands G, H valvocopula near basal pole and in tapering part at top of " stem, " respectively, showing complex versus simple unions in the craticular bars (TK 4). Scale bars: 100 µm (A); 50 µm (B); 10 µm (C-H)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.208.89913.figure25" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/746741" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">25E</figureCitation>
|
||
), pseudoseptum absent (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 25" captionStartId="F25" captionText="Figure 25. Climacosphenia elongata, GU 44 BM- 7, except as noted A valve with valvocopula in LM, showing consistently narrow craticular bars, some double (arrowheads) (GU 44 X- 2) B apical part of a valve with valvocopula in SEM, showing the progressive narrowing of the annular ring (series of small arrows) and the wider space between craticular bars where the nucleus resides (thick arrow) C narrow portion of valve with valvocopula showing the fibmbriae D basal pole of valve with valvocopula, showing the scattered pattern of areolae inside the annulus gradually becoming regular striae, development of costae (arrow), and complex unions in the craticular bars E external view of apical pole showing annulus (double-headed arrow) and spines F frustule in girdle view showing the two girdle bands G, H valvocopula near basal pole and in tapering part at top of " stem, " respectively, showing complex versus simple unions in the craticular bars (TK 4). Scale bars: 100 µm (A); 50 µm (B); 10 µm (C-H)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.208.89913.figure25" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/746741" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">25G</figureCitation>
|
||
). Costae present except at basal pole, where they start at margin and extend centripetally, eventually thickening the virgae inside the annulus (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 25" captionStartId="F25" captionText="Figure 25. Climacosphenia elongata, GU 44 BM- 7, except as noted A valve with valvocopula in LM, showing consistently narrow craticular bars, some double (arrowheads) (GU 44 X- 2) B apical part of a valve with valvocopula in SEM, showing the progressive narrowing of the annular ring (series of small arrows) and the wider space between craticular bars where the nucleus resides (thick arrow) C narrow portion of valve with valvocopula showing the fibmbriae D basal pole of valve with valvocopula, showing the scattered pattern of areolae inside the annulus gradually becoming regular striae, development of costae (arrow), and complex unions in the craticular bars E external view of apical pole showing annulus (double-headed arrow) and spines F frustule in girdle view showing the two girdle bands G, H valvocopula near basal pole and in tapering part at top of " stem, " respectively, showing complex versus simple unions in the craticular bars (TK 4). Scale bars: 100 µm (A); 50 µm (B); 10 µm (C-H)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.208.89913.figure25" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/746741" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">25G</figureCitation>
|
||
). Valvocopula stria density 19 in 10
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
(Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 25" captionStartId="F25" captionText="Figure 25. Climacosphenia elongata, GU 44 BM- 7, except as noted A valve with valvocopula in LM, showing consistently narrow craticular bars, some double (arrowheads) (GU 44 X- 2) B apical part of a valve with valvocopula in SEM, showing the progressive narrowing of the annular ring (series of small arrows) and the wider space between craticular bars where the nucleus resides (thick arrow) C narrow portion of valve with valvocopula showing the fibmbriae D basal pole of valve with valvocopula, showing the scattered pattern of areolae inside the annulus gradually becoming regular striae, development of costae (arrow), and complex unions in the craticular bars E external view of apical pole showing annulus (double-headed arrow) and spines F frustule in girdle view showing the two girdle bands G, H valvocopula near basal pole and in tapering part at top of " stem, " respectively, showing complex versus simple unions in the craticular bars (TK 4). Scale bars: 100 µm (A); 50 µm (B); 10 µm (C-H)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.208.89913.figure25" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/746741" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">25E, F</figureCitation>
|
||
), pars interior with comb of long, unbranched fimbriae (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 25" captionStartId="F25" captionText="Figure 25. Climacosphenia elongata, GU 44 BM- 7, except as noted A valve with valvocopula in LM, showing consistently narrow craticular bars, some double (arrowheads) (GU 44 X- 2) B apical part of a valve with valvocopula in SEM, showing the progressive narrowing of the annular ring (series of small arrows) and the wider space between craticular bars where the nucleus resides (thick arrow) C narrow portion of valve with valvocopula showing the fibmbriae D basal pole of valve with valvocopula, showing the scattered pattern of areolae inside the annulus gradually becoming regular striae, development of costae (arrow), and complex unions in the craticular bars E external view of apical pole showing annulus (double-headed arrow) and spines F frustule in girdle view showing the two girdle bands G, H valvocopula near basal pole and in tapering part at top of " stem, " respectively, showing complex versus simple unions in the craticular bars (TK 4). Scale bars: 100 µm (A); 50 µm (B); 10 µm (C-H)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.208.89913.figure25" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/746741" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">25C</figureCitation>
|
||
). Craticular bars consistently narrow (1
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
) (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 25" captionStartId="F25" captionText="Figure 25. Climacosphenia elongata, GU 44 BM- 7, except as noted A valve with valvocopula in LM, showing consistently narrow craticular bars, some double (arrowheads) (GU 44 X- 2) B apical part of a valve with valvocopula in SEM, showing the progressive narrowing of the annular ring (series of small arrows) and the wider space between craticular bars where the nucleus resides (thick arrow) C narrow portion of valve with valvocopula showing the fibmbriae D basal pole of valve with valvocopula, showing the scattered pattern of areolae inside the annulus gradually becoming regular striae, development of costae (arrow), and complex unions in the craticular bars E external view of apical pole showing annulus (double-headed arrow) and spines F frustule in girdle view showing the two girdle bands G, H valvocopula near basal pole and in tapering part at top of " stem, " respectively, showing complex versus simple unions in the craticular bars (TK 4). Scale bars: 100 µm (A); 50 µm (B); 10 µm (C-H)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.208.89913.figure25" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/746741" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">25B, D, G, H</figureCitation>
|
||
), though sometimes doubled (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 25" captionStartId="F25" captionText="Figure 25. Climacosphenia elongata, GU 44 BM- 7, except as noted A valve with valvocopula in LM, showing consistently narrow craticular bars, some double (arrowheads) (GU 44 X- 2) B apical part of a valve with valvocopula in SEM, showing the progressive narrowing of the annular ring (series of small arrows) and the wider space between craticular bars where the nucleus resides (thick arrow) C narrow portion of valve with valvocopula showing the fibmbriae D basal pole of valve with valvocopula, showing the scattered pattern of areolae inside the annulus gradually becoming regular striae, development of costae (arrow), and complex unions in the craticular bars E external view of apical pole showing annulus (double-headed arrow) and spines F frustule in girdle view showing the two girdle bands G, H valvocopula near basal pole and in tapering part at top of " stem, " respectively, showing complex versus simple unions in the craticular bars (TK 4). Scale bars: 100 µm (A); 50 µm (B); 10 µm (C-H)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.208.89913.figure25" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/746741" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">25A</figureCitation>
|
||
), the spaces between them rectangular with rounded corners; connections complex in most of the stem, becoming simple where the valve widened (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 25" captionStartId="F25" captionText="Figure 25. Climacosphenia elongata, GU 44 BM- 7, except as noted A valve with valvocopula in LM, showing consistently narrow craticular bars, some double (arrowheads) (GU 44 X- 2) B apical part of a valve with valvocopula in SEM, showing the progressive narrowing of the annular ring (series of small arrows) and the wider space between craticular bars where the nucleus resides (thick arrow) C narrow portion of valve with valvocopula showing the fibmbriae D basal pole of valve with valvocopula, showing the scattered pattern of areolae inside the annulus gradually becoming regular striae, development of costae (arrow), and complex unions in the craticular bars E external view of apical pole showing annulus (double-headed arrow) and spines F frustule in girdle view showing the two girdle bands G, H valvocopula near basal pole and in tapering part at top of " stem, " respectively, showing complex versus simple unions in the craticular bars (TK 4). Scale bars: 100 µm (A); 50 µm (B); 10 µm (C-H)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.208.89913.figure25" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/746741" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">25C, D, G</figureCitation>
|
||
vs Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 25" captionStartId="F25" captionText="Figure 25. Climacosphenia elongata, GU 44 BM- 7, except as noted A valve with valvocopula in LM, showing consistently narrow craticular bars, some double (arrowheads) (GU 44 X- 2) B apical part of a valve with valvocopula in SEM, showing the progressive narrowing of the annular ring (series of small arrows) and the wider space between craticular bars where the nucleus resides (thick arrow) C narrow portion of valve with valvocopula showing the fibmbriae D basal pole of valve with valvocopula, showing the scattered pattern of areolae inside the annulus gradually becoming regular striae, development of costae (arrow), and complex unions in the craticular bars E external view of apical pole showing annulus (double-headed arrow) and spines F frustule in girdle view showing the two girdle bands G, H valvocopula near basal pole and in tapering part at top of " stem, " respectively, showing complex versus simple unions in the craticular bars (TK 4). Scale bars: 100 µm (A); 50 µm (B); 10 µm (C-H)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.208.89913.figure25" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/746741" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">25B, H</figureCitation>
|
||
). There was a wider space between two of the bars in the middle of the wide part (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 25" captionStartId="F25" captionText="Figure 25. Climacosphenia elongata, GU 44 BM- 7, except as noted A valve with valvocopula in LM, showing consistently narrow craticular bars, some double (arrowheads) (GU 44 X- 2) B apical part of a valve with valvocopula in SEM, showing the progressive narrowing of the annular ring (series of small arrows) and the wider space between craticular bars where the nucleus resides (thick arrow) C narrow portion of valve with valvocopula showing the fibmbriae D basal pole of valve with valvocopula, showing the scattered pattern of areolae inside the annulus gradually becoming regular striae, development of costae (arrow), and complex unions in the craticular bars E external view of apical pole showing annulus (double-headed arrow) and spines F frustule in girdle view showing the two girdle bands G, H valvocopula near basal pole and in tapering part at top of " stem, " respectively, showing complex versus simple unions in the craticular bars (TK 4). Scale bars: 100 µm (A); 50 µm (B); 10 µm (C-H)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.208.89913.figure25" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/746741" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">25B</figureCitation>
|
||
, thick arrow); based on our observations on
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. elegantissima" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rank="species" species="elegantissima">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">C. elegantissima</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(below), this is probably the location of the nucleus. Copula with 24 striae in 10
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
(Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 25" captionStartId="F25" captionText="Figure 25. Climacosphenia elongata, GU 44 BM- 7, except as noted A valve with valvocopula in LM, showing consistently narrow craticular bars, some double (arrowheads) (GU 44 X- 2) B apical part of a valve with valvocopula in SEM, showing the progressive narrowing of the annular ring (series of small arrows) and the wider space between craticular bars where the nucleus resides (thick arrow) C narrow portion of valve with valvocopula showing the fibmbriae D basal pole of valve with valvocopula, showing the scattered pattern of areolae inside the annulus gradually becoming regular striae, development of costae (arrow), and complex unions in the craticular bars E external view of apical pole showing annulus (double-headed arrow) and spines F frustule in girdle view showing the two girdle bands G, H valvocopula near basal pole and in tapering part at top of " stem, " respectively, showing complex versus simple unions in the craticular bars (TK 4). Scale bars: 100 µm (A); 50 µm (B); 10 µm (C-H)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.208.89913.figure25" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/746741" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">25F</figureCitation>
|
||
), pars interior not observed.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption doi="10.3897/phytokeys.208.89913.figure25" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/746741" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" start="Figure 25" startId="F25">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="103">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Figure 25.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="J. W. Bailey" authorityYear="1854" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Ardissoneaceae" genus="Climacosphenia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Climacosphenia elongata" order="Ardissoneales" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="elongata">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Climacosphenia elongata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, GU44BM-7, except as noted
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">A</emphasis>
|
||
valve with valvocopula in LM, showing consistently narrow craticular bars, some double (arrowheads) (GU44X-2)
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">B</emphasis>
|
||
apical part of a valve with valvocopula in SEM, showing the progressive narrowing of the annular ring (series of small arrows) and the wider space between craticular bars where the nucleus resides (thick arrow)
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">C</emphasis>
|
||
narrow portion of valve with valvocopula showing the fibmbriae
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">D</emphasis>
|
||
basal pole of valve with valvocopula, showing the scattered pattern of areolae inside the annulus gradually becoming regular striae, development of costae (arrow), and complex unions in the craticular bars
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">E</emphasis>
|
||
external view of apical pole showing annulus (double-headed arrow) and spines
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">F</emphasis>
|
||
frustule in girdle view showing the two girdle bands
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">G, H</emphasis>
|
||
valvocopula near basal pole and in tapering part at top of
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="“stem,”">"stem,"</normalizedToken>
|
||
respectively, showing complex versus simple unions in the craticular bars (TK4). Scale bars: 100
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">A</emphasis>
|
||
); 50
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">B</emphasis>
|
||
); 10
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">C-H</emphasis>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="103" type="taxonomic comments">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Taxonomic comments.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="103">
|
||
The shape and morphometrics accord adequately with the literature on
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. elongata" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rank="species" species="elongata">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">C. elongata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the narrow craticular bars, especially in the stem, differing from the sturdy bars and oval spaces of
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. moniligera" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rank="species" species="moniligera">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">C. moniligera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and from the very long-stemmed specimens depicted by
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Hustedt, F" journalOrPublisher="Hidrobiologica" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" refId="B25" refString="Hustedt, F, 1931-1959. Die Kieselalgen Deutschlands, Oesterreichs und der Schweiz. In: Rabenhorst's Kryptogamenflora, Band 7, Teil 2. Johnson Reprint, New York." title="Die Kieselalgen Deutschlands, Oesterreichs und der Schweiz. In: Rabenhorst's Kryptogamenflora, Band 7, Teil 2. Johnson Reprint, New York." year="1931 - 1959">Hustedt (1931-1959</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 89, fig. 626). Based on the available evidence, we accept the hypothesis that the specimens shown in Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 25" captionStartId="F25" captionText="Figure 25. Climacosphenia elongata, GU 44 BM- 7, except as noted A valve with valvocopula in LM, showing consistently narrow craticular bars, some double (arrowheads) (GU 44 X- 2) B apical part of a valve with valvocopula in SEM, showing the progressive narrowing of the annular ring (series of small arrows) and the wider space between craticular bars where the nucleus resides (thick arrow) C narrow portion of valve with valvocopula showing the fibmbriae D basal pole of valve with valvocopula, showing the scattered pattern of areolae inside the annulus gradually becoming regular striae, development of costae (arrow), and complex unions in the craticular bars E external view of apical pole showing annulus (double-headed arrow) and spines F frustule in girdle view showing the two girdle bands G, H valvocopula near basal pole and in tapering part at top of " stem, " respectively, showing complex versus simple unions in the craticular bars (TK 4). Scale bars: 100 µm (A); 50 µm (B); 10 µm (C-H)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.208.89913.figure25" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/746741" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">25</figureCitation>
|
||
are
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Bailey’s">Bailey's</normalizedToken>
|
||
species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |