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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.582.7684" ID-GBIF-Dataset="ccf9ce1b-6566-48fe-a3a5-ca83eee6ab8a" ID-PMC="PMC4857046" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-582-13" ID-PubMed="27199586" ID-ZBK="00296D5BFDE44257B93F2D1C2D889200" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2016" ModsDocID="1313-2970-582-13" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 582" ModsDocTitle="Systematics of testudacarine torrent mites (Acari, Hydrachnidia, Torrenticolidae) with descriptions of 13 new species from North America" checkinTime="1461288000862" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="O'Neill, Joseph C., Fisher, J. Ray, Nelson, Whitney A., Skvarla, Micheal J., Fisher, Danielle M. &amp; Dowling, Ashley P. G." docDate="2016" docId="3C50B2ED309274D18CF8510D0DAC2603" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 582: 13-110" docOrigin="ZooKeys 582" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.582.7684" docTitle="Testudacarus vulgaris Habeeb 1954" docType="treatment" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="37" masterDocId="BD769D09FFA6B5624614FC26FFE2FFE9" masterDocTitle="Systematics of testudacarine torrent mites (Acari, Hydrachnidia, Torrenticolidae) with descriptions of 13 new species from North America" masterLastPageNumber="110" masterPageNumber="13" pageNumber="32" updateTime="1668163022662" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title>Systematics of testudacarine torrent mites (Acari, Hydrachnidia, Torrenticolidae) with descriptions of 13 new species from North America</mods:title>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>O'Neill, Joseph C.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Fisher, J. Ray</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Nelson, Whitney A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Skvarla, Micheal J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Fisher, Danielle M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Dowling, Ashley P. G.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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<mods:date>2016</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>582</mods:number>
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<mods:start>13</mods:start>
<mods:end>110</mods:end>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.582.7684</mods:url>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.582.7684</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-582-13</mods:identifier>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="127902295" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:3C50B2ED309274D18CF8510D0DAC2603" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/3C50B2ED309274D18CF8510D0DAC2603" lastPageId="24" lastPageNumber="37" pageId="19" pageNumber="32">
<subSubSection pageId="19" pageNumber="32" type="multiple">
<paragraph pageId="19" pageNumber="32">Taxon classification Animalia Trombidiformes Torrenticolidae</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="19" pageNumber="32" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="19" pageNumber="32">
<taxonomicName LSID="http://zoobank.org/AD09023D-849F-4F13-BD0C-1CF7B6623748" authority="Habeeb, 1954" authorityName="Habeeb" authorityYear="1954" class="Arachnida" family="Torrenticolidae" genus="Testudacarus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Testudacarus vulgaris" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="19" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vulgaris">Testudacarus vulgaris Habeeb, 1954</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="19" pageNumber="32" type="reference_group">
<paragraph pageId="19" pageNumber="32">
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Torrenticolidae" genus="Testudacarus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Testudacarus vulgaris" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="19" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vulgaris">Testudacarus vulgaris</taxonomicName>
:
<bibRefCitation author="Habeeb, H" journalOrPublisher="Leaflets of Acadian Biology" pageId="80" pageNumber="93" pagination="1 - 14" title="North American Hydrachnellae, Acari - IX-XVI." volume="2" year="1954">Habeeb 1954</bibRefCitation>
: 14;
<bibRefCitation author="Habeeb, H" journalOrPublisher="Leaflets of Acadian Biology" pageId="80" pageNumber="93" pagination="1 - 2" title="Notes on water-mites - I." volume="11" year="1956">Habeeb 1956</bibRefCitation>
: 2;
<bibRefCitation author="Viets, K" journalOrPublisher="Gustav Fischer, Jena" pageId="83" pageNumber="96" title="Die milben des suesswassers und des meeres: Hydrachnellae und Halacaridae (Acari). Zweiter un dritter teil. Katalog und nomenklator." year="1956">Viets 1956</bibRefCitation>
: 256;
<bibRefCitation author="Habeeb, H" journalOrPublisher="Le Naturaliste Canadien" pageId="80" pageNumber="93" pagination="19 - 25" title="List of North American water-mites." volume="86" year="1959 a">Habeeb 1959a</bibRefCitation>
: 21;
<bibRefCitation author="Crowell, RM" journalOrPublisher="Canadian Entomologist" pageId="79" pageNumber="92" pagination="321 - 359" title="Catalogue of the distribution and ecological relationship of North American Hydracarina." url="10.4039/Ent93321-5" volume="93" year="1961">Crowell 1961</bibRefCitation>
: 329;
<bibRefCitation author="Lundblad, CO" journalOrPublisher="Arkiv foer Zoologi" pageId="80" pageNumber="93" pagination="391 - 419" title="Wassermilben von Hinterindien." volume="19" year="1967">Lundblad 1967</bibRefCitation>
: 418;
<bibRefCitation author="Habeeb, H" journalOrPublisher="Leaflets of Acadian Biology" pageId="80" pageNumber="93" pagination="1 - 8" title="A check list of North American water-mites." volume="43" year="1967">Habeeb 1967</bibRefCitation>
: 4;
<bibRefCitation author="Imamura, T" journalOrPublisher="Annotationes Zoologicae Japonenses" pageId="80" pageNumber="93" pagination="279 - 284" title="Two new species of water-mites from Nikko National Park, Japan." volume="49" year="1976">Imamura 1976</bibRefCitation>
: 283;
<bibRefCitation author="Smith, IM" editor="Lafontaine, JD" journalOrPublisher="Biosystematics Research Centre Report" pageId="82" pageNumber="95" pagination="41 - 46" title="Order Acariformes, suborder Actinedida (or Prostigmata)." volume="1" volumeTitle="The Insects, Spiders and Mites of Cape Breton Highlands National Park." year="1987">Smith 1987</bibRefCitation>
: 51;
<bibRefCitation author="Viets, KO" journalOrPublisher="Sonderbaende des Naturwissenschaftlichen Vereins in Hamburg" pageId="83" pageNumber="96" pagination="1 - 1012" title="Die milben des Suesswassers (Hydrachnellae und Halacaridae [part.], Acari). 2: Katalog." volume="8" year="1987">Viets 1987</bibRefCitation>
: 724-725
<bibRefCitation pageId="19" pageNumber="32">Smith 2010</bibRefCitation>
: 295, 302, 305.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="19" pageNumber="32">
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Torrenticolidae" genus="Testudacarus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Testudacarus american" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="19" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="american" subSpecies="vulgaris">Testudacarus american vulgaris</taxonomicName>
:
<bibRefCitation author="Habeeb, H" journalOrPublisher="Leaflets of Acadian Biology" pageId="80" pageNumber="93" pagination="1 - 2" title="Notes on water-mites - II. (erratum: III)." volume="51" year="1969">Habeeb 1969</bibRefCitation>
: 1, 2;
<bibRefCitation author="Viets, KO" journalOrPublisher="Sonderbaende des Naturwissenschaftlichen Vereins in Hamburg" pageId="83" pageNumber="96" pagination="1 - 1012" title="Die milben des Suesswassers (Hydrachnellae und Halacaridae [part.], Acari). 2: Katalog." volume="8" year="1987">Viets 1987</bibRefCitation>
: 724-725.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="19" pageNumber="32">
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Torrenticolidae" genus="Testudacarus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Testudacarus minimus" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="19" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="minimus" subSpecies="vulgaris">Testudacarus minimus vulgaris</taxonomicName>
:
<bibRefCitation author="Habeeb, H" journalOrPublisher="Leaflets of Acadian Biology" pageId="80" pageNumber="93" pagination="1 - 2" title="New genera of water-mites." volume="61" year="1974 a">Habeeb 1974a</bibRefCitation>
: 1;
<bibRefCitation author="Viets, KO" journalOrPublisher="Sonderbaende des Naturwissenschaftlichen Vereins in Hamburg" pageId="83" pageNumber="96" pagination="1 - 1012" title="Die milben des Suesswassers (Hydrachnellae und Halacaridae [part.], Acari). 2: Katalog." volume="8" year="1987">Viets 1987</bibRefCitation>
: 724-725.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="19" pageNumber="32" type="type series">
<paragraph pageId="19" pageNumber="32">Type series.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="19" pageNumber="32">Syntypes (1♀, 1♂): New Brunswick, Canada: from Victoria County, Salmon River, 21 June 1953, by H. Habeeb, 87-53</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="33" pageId="19" pageNumber="32" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="19" pageNumber="32">Other material examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="33" pageId="19" pageNumber="32">
Other (18♀, 19♂): Ontario, Canada: 1♀ and 1♂ from Lennox and Addington County, Hydes Creek, beside Highway 41 23.7km north of Highway 28 at Denbigh (
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="45.189445">45°11'22.00&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-77.22723">77°13'38.00&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
), 29 April 2010, by IM Smith, IMS100023; 1♀ from Hastings County, Maple Leaf and Papineau Creek, east of Davis Road before Highway 62, 18 August 2011, by IM Smith, IMS110053; New Brunswick, Canada: 2♀ and 1♂ from Victoria County, Little Wapske River, Plaster Rock beside Highway108 20.5km east of Highway109, 5 September 2011, by IM Smith, IMS110061; Nova Scotia, Canada: 1♂ from Inervess County, Cheticamp River, 10 September 2011, by IM Smith, IMS110071; Tennessee, USA: 1♀ and 1♂ from Monroe County, Turkey Creek, beside Forest Road #210 just east of Forest Road #35 7.1km southeast of Route 165 (
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="35.34111">35°20'28.00&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-84.191666">84°11'30.00&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
), 12 September 2009, by IM Smith, IMS090110; 2♂ from Sevier County, Great Smoky Mountains Nation Park, Rhododendron Creek, beside Greenbrier Road 2.2 km south of Route 321 (
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="35.725555">35°43'32.00&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-83.40056">83°24'2.00&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
), 2 September 2009, by IM Smith, IMS090093; North Carolina, USA: 2♀ and 1♂ from Haywood County, Great Smoky Mountains National Park, Big Creek, Waterville Big Creek Picnic Area (
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="35.74972">35°44'59.00&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-83.111664">83°6'42.00&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
), 16 September 2010, by IM Smith, IMS100138; 1♀ and 1♂ from Haywood County, Great Smoky Mountains National Park, Cataloochee Creek, beside Mount Sterling Road near bridge 1.7km north of road to campground (
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="35.645836">35°38'45.00&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-83.07611">83°4'34.00&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
), 6 September 2009, by IM Smith, IMS090099; 1♀ from Haywood County, Great Smoky Mountains National Park, Cataloochee Creek, beside Mount Sterling Road near bridge 1.7km north of road to campground (
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="35.645836">35°38'45.00&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-83.075554">83°4'32.00&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
), 20 September 2010, by IM Smith, IMS100150; South Dakota, USA: 1♀ and 1♂ from Lawrence County, Jim Creek, south of Nemo Road on Goodhope Road behind cab at Green Mountain Black Hills (
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="44.1525">44°9'9.00&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-103.480835">103°28'51.00&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
), 15 August 2012, by AJ Radwell and JA Hinsey, AJR12-0815-421; Colorado, USA: 1♂ from San Miguel County, San Miguel River, beside Route 145 12.5km northwest of junction with road to Telluride (
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="37.988056">37°59'17.00&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-107.992775">107°59'34.00&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
), 31 July 2012, by AJ Radwell and JA Hinsey, AJR12-0731-400; Pennsylvania, USA: 1♂ from Fayette County, Ohiophyle State Park, Laurel Run, fishing access #2 off T798 (Meadow Run Road) (
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="39.84944">39°50'58.00&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-79.51417">79°30'51.00&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
), 10 August 2014, by MJ Skvarla, MS14-0810-005; 2♀ and 2♂ from Fayette County, State Game Lands #51, Dunbar Creek, off Furnace Hill Road East of Dunbar (
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="39.937805">39°56'16.10&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-79.584366">79°35'3.70&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
), 10 August 2014, by MJ Skvarla, MS14-0810-002; California, USA: 1♂ from Monterey County, Andrew Molera State Park, Big Sur River, off Route 1 (
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="36.275276">36°16'31.00&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-121.82056">121°49'14.00&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
), 4 September 2013, by JR Fisher, JRF13-0904-003; 1♂ from Inyo County, Inyo National Forest, Bishop Creek, downstream of campground (
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="37.289722">37°17'23.00&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-118.553894">118°33'14.00&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
), 2 September 2013, by JR Fisher, JRF13-0902-003; 1♂ from Alpine County, Markleeville Creek, off Route 89 downstream of bridge (
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="38.694168">38°41'39.00&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-119.77806">119°46'41.00&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
), 30 August 2013, by JR Fisher, JRF13-0830-001; 1♂ from Mendocino County, Jackson Dem
<pageBreakToken pageId="20" pageNumber="33" start="start">onstration</pageBreakToken>
State Park, North Fork of Big River, (
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="39.34611">39°20'46.00&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-123.50972">123°30'35.00&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
), 22 August 2013, by JR Fisher, JRF13-0822-002; 1♀ from Mono County, Humboldt-Toiyabe National Forest, Little Walker River, off Route 108 downstream of tunnel (
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="38.349167">38°20'57.00&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-119.45416">119°27'15.00&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
), 31 August 2013, by JR Fisher, JRF13-0831-002; 1♀ from Trinity County, Shasta-Trinity National Forest, North Fork of Trinity River, (
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="40.77972">40°46'47.00&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-123.12945">123°7'46.00&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
), 18 August 2013, JRF13-0818-005; Oregon, USA: 2♂ from Douglas County, Umpqua National Forest, Calf Creek, (
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="43.29111">43°17'28.00&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-122.62">122°37'12.00&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
), 12 August 2013, by JC
<normalizedToken originalValue="ONeill">O'Neill</normalizedToken>
and WA Nelson, JNOW13-0812-006; Utah, USA: 2♀ from Utah County, Uinta National Forest, Hobble Creek, just upstream on right fork Hobble Creek Road from Cherry Campground (
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="40.169167">40°10'9.00&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-111.47389">111°28'26.00&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
), 22 July 2012, by JR Fisher and WA Nelson, ROW12-0722-001; Idaho, USA: 1♀ from Fremont County, Targhee National Forest, Rock Creek, downstream of tributary (
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="44.11222">44°6'44.00&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-111.251114">111°15'4.00&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
), 25 July 2012, by JR Fisher and WA Nelson, ROW12-0725-001; Arkansas, USA: 1♀ from Searcy County, Tomahawk Creek, (
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="36.02222">36°1'20.00&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-92.67861">92°40'43.00&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
), 20 July 2009, by AJ Radwell, AJR090101.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="20" pageNumber="33" type="type deposition">
<paragraph pageId="20" pageNumber="33">Type deposition.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="20" pageNumber="33">Syntypes (1♀, 1♂) deposited at the CNC.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="20" pageNumber="33" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="20" pageNumber="33">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="20" pageNumber="33">
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Torrenticolidae" genus="Testudacarus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Testudacarus vulgaris" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="20" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vulgaris">Testudacarus vulgaris</taxonomicName>
most resemble
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Torrenticolidae" genus="Testudacarus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Testudacarus minimus" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="20" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minimus">Testudacarus minimus</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Torrenticolidae" genus="Testudacarus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Testudacarus deceptivus" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="20" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="deceptivus">Testudacarus deceptivus</taxonomicName>
. Throughout the majority of their shared range in the west,
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Torrenticolidae" genus="Testudacarus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Testudacarus minimus" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="20" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minimus">Testudacarus minimus</taxonomicName>
are orange to red and
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Torrenticolidae" genus="Testudacarus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Testudacarus vulgaris" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="20" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vulgaris">Testudacarus vulgaris</taxonomicName>
are violet to blue. While these two species have overlapping size ranges,
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Torrenticolidae" genus="Testudacarus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Testudacarus minimus" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="20" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minimus">Testudacarus minimus</taxonomicName>
are generally larger.
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Torrenticolidae" genus="Testudacarus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Testudacarus vulgaris" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="20" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vulgaris">Testudacarus vulgaris</taxonomicName>
females rarely exhibit a dorsal length over 600
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
and males rarely exceed 500
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
while
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Torrenticolidae" genus="Testudacarus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Testudacarus minimus" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="20" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minimus">Testudacarus minimus</taxonomicName>
females and males are usually larger than 600 and 500
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
, respectively.
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Torrenticolidae" genus="Testudacarus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Testudacarus deceptivus" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="20" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="deceptivus">Testudacarus deceptivus</taxonomicName>
have only been found in two counties in California and cannot be distinguished from either
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Torrenticolidae" genus="Testudacarus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Testudacarus minimus" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="20" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minimus">Testudacarus minimus</taxonomicName>
or
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Torrenticolidae" genus="Testudacarus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Testudacarus vulgaris" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="20" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vulgaris">Testudacarus vulgaris</taxonomicName>
using morphology.
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Torrenticolidae" genus="Testudacarus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Testudacarus vulgaris" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="20" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vulgaris">Testudacarus vulgaris</taxonomicName>
are the only members of their complex that have been found east of the Great Plains.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="23" lastPageNumber="36" pageId="20" pageNumber="33" type="redescription">
<paragraph pageId="20" pageNumber="33">Redescription.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="20" pageNumber="33">Female (n=18) with characteristics of the genus with following specifications.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="20" pageNumber="33">Gnathosoma - Subcapitulum [151-190 ventral length; 90-114 dorsal length; 84-115 tall] elliptical to ovoid with short rostrum. Chelicerae [133-170 long] unmodified with lightly curved fangs [28-35 long]. Pedipalp [169-211 long] unmodified. Trochanter [23-32 long; 28-37 wide]. Femur [46-62 long; 33-45 wide]. Genu [33-42 long; 28-36 wide]. Tibia [42-53 long; 19-26 wide]. Tarsus [18-23 long; 9-12 wide].</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="34" pageId="20" pageNumber="33">
Dorsum (Fig. 16) - [547-654 long; 394-517 wide] round to ovoid. Dorsal plate [391-582 long; 330-470 wide]. Primary sclerotization [357-500 long] color variable (Fig. 17). Dorso-glandularia-4 [143-247 apart] in line with and lateral to [39-65] muscle scars. Platelets mostly colorless but with hints of primary sclerotization color. All three anterior platelets with color either completely absent or present proximally but restricted distally. Anterio-medial platelet [111-142 long; 67-94 wide] rounded trapezoid noticeably smaller than anterio-lateral platelets. Anterio-lateral platelets [152-203 long; 68-88 wide]. Lateral platelets as follows: lateral-1 [39-72 long; 29-44 wide]; lateral-2 [108-141 long; 25-35 wide]; lateral-3 [16-60 long; 15-22 wide];
<pageBreakToken pageId="21" pageNumber="34" start="start">lateral-</pageBreakToken>
4 [99-136 long; 21-36 wide]; lateral-5 [43-72 long; 20-29 wide]; lateral-6 [77-109 long; 15-38 wide]; lateral-7 [59-73 long; 20-31 wide].
</paragraph>
<caption pageId="21" pageNumber="34">
<paragraph pageId="21" pageNumber="34">
Figure 16.
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Torrenticolidae" genus="Testudacarus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Testudacarus vulgaris" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="21" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vulgaris">Testudacarus vulgaris</taxonomicName>
female: (Left) dorsum; (Right) venter. Scale: 100
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption pageId="21" pageNumber="34">
<paragraph pageId="21" pageNumber="34">
Figure 17.
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Torrenticolidae" genus="Testudacarus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Testudacarus vulgaris" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="21" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vulgaris">Testudacarus vulgaris</taxonomicName>
color variation.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="21" pageNumber="34">Venter (Fig. 16) - [670-835 long; 436-557 wide] round to ovoid. Primary sclerotization [522-686 long] with dorsal plate color or colorless. Gnathosomal bay [53-80 dorsal length; 118-169 ventral length; 51-70 wide]. Coxal field [404-500 long; 289-398 wide]. Coxa-I [213-273 long; 82-115 midlength]. Coxa-II + III [97-125 distance to top of coxa-II; 157-192 distance to top of coxa-III; 299-371 distance to bottom of coxa-III; 196-257 total length]. Coxa-IV [285-339 distance to top; 110-161 total length]. Genital field [275-348 distance to top; 421-516 distance to bottom; 141-171 total length; 105-143 width; 148-187 distance from gnathosomal bay; 50-81 distance from coxa-I; 140-234 distance to excretory pore; 231-340 distance to caudad]. Eggs [130-150 long; 1-4 eggs]. Distance to excretory pore [582-750].</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="22" lastPageNumber="35" pageId="21" pageNumber="34">
Legs - colorless, or with same color as dorsal plate. Total leg and podomere lengths as follows: Leg-I [401-497 total; trochanter 50-61; basifemur 74-85; telofemur 55-72; genu 72-96; tibia 75-97; tarsus 78-97]. Leg-II [417-564 total; trochanter 51-63; basifemur 71-92; telofemur 57-72; genu 75-100; tibia 92-118; tarsus 96-120]. Leg-III [513-664 total; trochanter 55-68; basifemur 71-96; telofemur 58-82; genu 91-124;
<pageBreakToken pageId="22" pageNumber="35" start="start">tibia</pageBreakToken>
112-147; tarsus 124-157]. Leg-IV [726-911 total; trochanter 85-105; basifemur 103-132; telofemur 99-138; genu 134-174; tibia 145-177; tarsus 148-185].
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="22" pageNumber="35">Male (n=17) similar to female except for sexually dimorphic characters previously discussed and with following specifications.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="22" pageNumber="35">Gnathosoma - Subcapitulum [128-155 ventral length; 83-96 dorsal length; 78-95 tall]. Chelicerae [115-145 long]. Fangs [25-29 long]. Pedipalp [156-190 long]. Trochanter [22-28 long; 28-33 wide]. Femur [42-55 long; 32-42 wide]. Genu [32-41 long; width 25-32 wide]. Tibia [43-52 long; 19-23 wide]. Tarsus [16-21 long; 9-11 wide].</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="22" pageNumber="35">Dorsum (Fig. 18) - [439-525 long; 314-390 wide]. Dorsal plate [359-438 long; 283-342 wide]. Dorso-glandularia-4 [140-205 apart] anterior to [15-51] and well lateral to [33-70] muscle scars. Anterio-medial platelet [100-125 long; 64-76 wide]. Anterio-lateral platelet [142-175 long; 57-74 wide]. Lateral platelets as follows: lateral-1 [33-49 long; 20-34 wide]; lateral-2 [86-117 long; 20-28 wide]; lateral-3 [30-44 long; 13-23 wide]; lateral-4 [58-92 long; 16-28 wide]; lateral-5 [37-52 long; 18-24 wide]; lateral-6 [43-73 long; 16-26 wide]; lateral-7 [43-57 long; 14-25 wide].</paragraph>
<caption pageId="22" pageNumber="35">
<paragraph pageId="22" pageNumber="35">
Figure 18.
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Torrenticolidae" genus="Testudacarus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Testudacarus vulgaris" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="22" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vulgaris">Testudacarus vulgaris</taxonomicName>
male: (Left) dorsum; (Right) venter. Scale: 100
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="23" pageNumber="36">
<pageBreakToken pageId="23" pageNumber="36" start="start">Venter</pageBreakToken>
(Fig. 18) - [534-676 long; 341-427 wide]. Primary sclerotization [491-631 long]. Gnathosomal bay [42-68 dorsal length; 116-150 ventral length; 50-60 wide]. Coxal field [365-460 long; 265-321 wide] Coxa-I [195-251 long; 73-104 midlength]. Coxa-II + III [85-106 distance to top of coxa-II; 139-176 distance to top of coxa-III; 296-377 distance to bottom of coxa-III; 208-276 total length]. Coxa-IV [249-310 length to top; 113-150 total length]. Genital field [311-399 distance to top; 434-544 distance to bottom; 123-147 total length; 98-118 width; 195-251 distance from gnathosomal bay; 106-147 distance from coxa-I; 48-95 distance to excretory pore; 98-132 distance to caudad]. Genital skeleton [153-193 long; 80-94 wide]. Distance to excretory pore [491-631].
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="23" pageNumber="36">Legs - total leg and podomere lengths as follows: Leg-I [402-452 total; trochanter 49-59; basifemur 67-80; telofemur 53-63; genu 70-82; tibia 75-88; tarsus 78-88]. Leg-II [421-488 total; trochanter 51-61; basifemur 68-81; telofemur 51-63; genu 73-86; tibia 84-96; tarsus 91-105]. Leg-III [501-552 total; trochanter 52-61; basifemur 72-82; telofemur 59-68; genu 89-100; tibia 105-119; tarsus 118-130]. Leg-IV [664-746 total; trochanter 79-90; basifemur 95-106; telofemur 92-108; genu 124-144; tibia 130-155; tarsus 129-150].</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="23" pageNumber="36" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="23" pageNumber="36">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="23" pageNumber="36">Abundant throughout the majority of North America. Unreported in Washington and northern Oregon.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="24" pageNumber="37" type="remarks">
<paragraph pageId="24" pageNumber="37">
<pageBreakToken pageId="24" pageNumber="37" start="start">Remarks</pageBreakToken>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="24" pageNumber="37">
Commonly orange and uncommonly violet in the southwestern United States; commonly violet or blue and uncommonly
<normalizedToken originalValue="redviolet">red-violet</normalizedToken>
in the Rocky Mountains and Great Plains; commonly violet or blue east of the Great Plains.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>