treatments-xml/data/89/BE/CE/89BECE98BB8194121C53A76F883074E8.xml

<document ID-CLB-Dataset="27222" ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.112.24897" ID-GBIF-Dataset="6ea34267-96fa-4df6-a700-49c1b357afba" ID-PMC="PMC6277488" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2003-112-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="FFAEFFCDFF940F55FFCCFFB2A07D303B" ID-PubMed="30524186" ID-Zenodo-Dep="1911101" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2018" ModsDocID="1314-2003-112-1" ModsDocOrigin="PhytoKeys 112" ModsDocTitle="A taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Cremastosperma (Annonaceae), including five new species" checkinTime="1555330596787" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Pirie, Michael D., Chatrou, Lars W. &amp; Maas, Paul J. M." docDate="2018" docId="89BECE98BB8194121C53A76F883074E8" docLanguage="en" docName="PhytoKeys 112: 1-141" docOrigin="PhytoKeys 112" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.112.24897" docTitle="Cremastosperma brevipes R. E. Fr." docType="treatment" docVersion="8" id="FFAEFFCDFF940F55FFCCFFB2A07D303B" lastPageNumber="1" masterDocId="FFAEFFCDFF940F55FFCCFFB2A07D303B" masterDocTitle="A taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Cremastosperma (Annonaceae), including five new species" masterLastPageNumber="141" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="1" updateTime="1732669504701" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods id="211551F1CCFB41C654BEC1886100BB2A" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="8762BCE5BCEB875411DCEBC47F23D6A3">
<mods:title id="350D4ACA0371CE006DE09FA71C4F89A1">A taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Cremastosperma (Annonaceae), including five new species</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="3E77269362B05B30B5A2ACC7F4E8556C" type="personal">
<mods:role id="B3834E9865D9E883BE14DB0A32D7EE70">
<mods:roleTerm id="9C7BE8327A5FB32B04C57543AE02D12B">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="5EE1A06395D7D46FF28EDE866C57CDC9">Pirie, Michael D.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="70743E03D0D53C1E1E758A2E1CDF1275" type="personal">
<mods:role id="026A4BEED095E2C9E7469DBD6F893320">
<mods:roleTerm id="52EBAC627D021ADA6A52FE4707115C61">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="01D9C720B1E636732EE6E001C1FE3C09">Chatrou, Lars W.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="297E78021B07E01C1788D0836235BFBC" type="personal">
<mods:role id="9670BC952DB57B2D7754953501BADC6E">
<mods:roleTerm id="FD7B2F6E21F91D8A5DA31ECBB5C76595">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="33CD716C7EE7C53BFC79D05DD8F82A87">Maas, Paul J. M.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="B2D25ED0ABB9F3F3F96DF9A64B151865">text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem id="723D6439EA91591BC4D03E12CBE1D14A" type="host">
<mods:titleInfo id="E89C51622566DBCEC4F3CC99DA9CC41D">
<mods:title id="F8543C5C79F62869B5A1AB354F6E9AB4">PhytoKeys</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="B1B6602C660F7EEBC3036F38A14E5F84">
<mods:date id="AA6ADA8E82581944BB5735DF158699B5">2018</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="712CC1FBA896A8CB27C96B3E7BAB839F" type="volume">
<mods:number id="7B9615CB961683B92D4FA7D472CF05E6">112</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent id="FB7B1CB1DCE51919D174D424CFA2E014" unit="page">
<mods:start id="B2A70E81B26A85D969BE4B54CB9B9239">1</mods:start>
<mods:end id="2AD43C57B3F9622E44E73505B191BDC7">141</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:location id="5DCF8DE90205A3FF9D0E7F3E2BE77067">
<mods:url id="59F95097B160F3B09BEC99D0CBF6DB23">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.112.24897</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification id="DC6919D5CA2D4E3123DD7CEEFDFCA58A">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="B65CE5876C1DFF9AE37B911424991FBC" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.112.24897</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="B201E640037D6DC68916268FB999408B" type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2003-112-1</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="0F8178DC00220E5531F633E7E543EF52" type="Pensoft-UUID">FFAEFFCDFF940F55FFCCFFB2A07D303B</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="DA24A3219E133062BC1601B266B8CC49" type="Zenodo-Dep">1911101</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="89BECE98BB8194121C53A76F883074E8" ID-GBIF-Taxon="156201247" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:89BECE98BB8194121C53A76F883074E8" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/89BECE98BB8194121C53A76F883074E8" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" scope_family="Annonaceae">
<subSubSection id="6E70C0C6DB8F9E72D9D53A97EEE14D7A" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="89F117D171431F0DE23A14CBF84AC3DF" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
5. 
<taxonomicName id="1B410D6BB5F46AA272FFD1793EE33016" ID-CoL="ZBC5" LSID="F57E3CED-AB69-5B8A-AE05-E1B83ED6F0A1" authority="(DC.) R. E. Fr." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Annonaceae" genus="Cremastosperma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Cremastosperma brevipes" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="brevipes">Cremastosperma brevipes (DC.) R.E.Fr.</taxonomicName>
<figureCitation id="5A30577646E656A0978BD46C751D70B7" captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="F14" captionText="Figure 12. Cremastosperma brevipes (DC.) R. E. Fr. a fruiting specimen b flower buds (a Boom 10812 b Prevost 3446)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.112.24897.figure12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/245299" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figs 12</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="282F9A773BFFB7CE607F546C434ACFC2" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="F15" captionText="Figure 13. a-b Cremastosperma brevipes (DC.) R. E. Fr. a flowers (Maas et al. 8064; photo PJMM) b fruit (Mori et al 22721; photo Scott Mori) c-e C. bullatum Pirie c, e Flowering specimen (Pirie et al. 94; photos c MDP e Robin van Velzen) d leaf base showing bullate corrugations of the lamina and long golden indument (Pirie et al. 71; photo: MDP) f, g C. cauliflorum R. E. Fr. Flowering specimens (f Maas et al. 9029, photo PJMM g Chatrou et al. 224, photo LWC) h-j C. dolichocarpum Pirie. Flowering and fruiting specimen (Pedraza et al. 2146; photos: Maria F. Gonzalez)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.112.24897.figure13" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/245301" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 13</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="976935522C0A5F3DA06C42228FD7AD63" captionStart="Map 4" captionStartId="F16" captionText="Map 4. Distribution of Cremastosperma brevipes (DC.) R. E. Fr.; C. gracilipes R. E. Fr.; C. monospermum (Rusby) R. E. Fr." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.112.24897.map4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/245298" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, Map 4</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="6C9D0E2E00FDC0DA1982DDB56BBFE88C" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="32C005044BF0DCBC4587DB7B1D3C9C19" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName id="8A3C544A31E3790F006188C08EDE6574" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Annonaceae" genus="Cremastosperma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Cremastosperma brevipes" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="brevipes">Cremastosperma brevipes</taxonomicName>
(DC.) R.E.Fr., Acta Horti Bergiani 12: 538. 1939.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1D34C81BB4B064CC821EB072BDC31E1F" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName id="45F5A317A849741FE71AC690B4AF38A6" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Annonaceae" genus="Guatteria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Guatteria brevipes" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="brevipes">Guatteria brevipes</taxonomicName>
DC. in Dunal, Monogr. Annonac.: 126. 1817.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="F29D89A31B85B9EECC596DA242506E14" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="2D592E70FD0F9359A3B3BFAD2C31B6C5" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Type.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2A9E16E7B69F361580F1274C8320F1F8" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
FRENCH GUIANA, without location 
<emphasis id="AF18FEF676CB5A3408522712F67789A6" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Martin s.n.</emphasis>
(lectotype: G! [designated in Pirie, Kankainen &amp; Maas, 2005], isotypes: BM, K! (uncertain whether this specimens represents an isotype) [K000485530]).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="66C8D7E9CA6F62F009B5097DC7282C8D" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName id="9C51983091CD55E5330FC4C0A89B817B" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Annonaceae" genus="Cremastosperma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Cremastosperma poiteaui" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="poiteaui">
<emphasis id="BE2BD08D0F8316D494BF6B3C78E6FB11" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Cremastosperma poiteaui</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Diels) R.E.Fr., Acta Horti Bergiani 10: 328. 1931.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FE05B9118FA945F2E322D081F2EF1F29" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName id="F2D3206AD5A51A39F4ACC03B7A0532C2" authorityName="Diels" authorityYear="1931" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Annonaceae" genus="Guatteria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Guatteria poiteaui" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="poiteaui">
<emphasis id="1037361334E8F27EC6DFE8FE11B1D90A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Guatteria poiteaui</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Diels, Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 11: 74. 1931.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="B68FE8133555AE8D9AB4F576E0820142" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="CD16EE43152DE57536706C78B6D93E81" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Type.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="65C49DC3982FAAC64F8E187F8B484C05" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
FRENCH GUIANA, without location, 1819-1821, 
<emphasis id="657A57975CD198ACCE2353FECB84C876" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Poiteau, A. s.n.</emphasis>
(holotype: G! [G00237255 G00237256]; isotypes: B! [B 10 0242372], F! [F932330], S! [S-R-7016]).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="454E54D6739A19CDD86DF69F0239E919" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
<paragraph id="00A95BB17E36CF82EB91D1CA9C3C2BC3" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4FB86E40F1C76864FBB3C113018880BE" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis id="B68F5DC20B55B9724D7349756526BA01" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Tree</emphasis>
4-20 m tall, 3-20 cm diam.; young twigs and petioles glabrous to sparsely covered with appressed white/yellowish hairs to 0.2 mm long. 
<emphasis id="106D5F19698E8C08D4871E2BB5C9E208" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Leaves</emphasis>
: petioles 4 
<normalizedToken id="8708DAED250B1FB45A87A2E2BFA3FA23" originalValue="–9(–">-9(-</normalizedToken>
12) by 1.5-4 mm; lamina elliptic to obovate or narrowly so, 18-39 by 7-15 cm (index 2-3.5), chartaceous, brown/green with a reddish tinge on both sides (particularly on the veins on the underside), darker above, glabrous on both sides, base obtuse to rounded, rarely acute, apex acuminate (acumen 5-20 mm long), primary vein 1.5-3 mm wide at widest point, secondary veins 9-15, intersecondary veins 0-2, distance between from 5-10 mm at the base to 35 mm closer to the apex, angles with primary vein from 45-60° at the base to 55-70° closer to the apex, not branching, forming mostly distinct loops, smallest distance between loops and margin 1-3 mm, tertiary veins percurrent. 
<emphasis id="01D9958036EF21CF2479D8FEC5E899BE" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Inflorescence</emphasis>
of single flowers, solitary or clustered in groups of 2, on leafless twigs; peduncles 1-2 by 1-2 mm (in flower), 2-5 by ca. 2 mm (in fruit), sparsely to rather densely covered with appressed white/yellowish ca. 0.1 mm long hairs; pedicels 15-20 by 1-2 mm at the base (in flower), 18-23 by ca. 2 mm (in fruit), sparsely covered with appressed white/yellowish hairs ca. 0.1 mm long or glabrous; 2 lower bracts, deltate, basal to 0.2 mm long, apical 0.3-0.5 mm long, obtuse, mostly persistent, rather densely covered with appressed white/yellowish hairs ca. 0.1 mm long; upper bract mostly attached midway along pedicel, deltate to broadly ovate, 1-2 by ca. 1 mm, obtuse or emarginate, sparsely covered with appressed white/yellowish hairs ca. 0.1 mm long; closed flower buds depressed ovoid, opening in development; flowers green, sometimes tinged with red around margins of petals or creamy yellow 
<emphasis id="F86EFF39E9C76991B5D7D90E4731F87F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">in vivo</emphasis>
, reddish or dark brown 
<emphasis id="1385FA7964B94C9F5567D7A7AD3BE662" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">in sicco</emphasis>
, sepals and petals glabrous; sepals connate for 0.5-1 mm, broadly ovate, recurved, rarely appressed, 3-4[-5] by 3.5-5 mm, obtuse, soon falling off; outer petals elliptic, 12-22 by 7-12 mm, rounded, inner petals narrowly obovate to narrowly elliptic, 10-24 by 4-7 mm, obtuse; androecium ca. 6 mm diam.; stamens 1.4-1.6 mm long, connective appendage 0.5-0.7 mm wide; gynoecium ca. 1 mm diam.; carpels ca. 25, ca. 2.5 mm long, glabrous. 
<emphasis id="7EB2C5243B23C22A40C20367FE2020AB" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Monocarps</emphasis>
7-17, ellipsoid, slightly asymmetrical, 11-17 by 9-11 mm, green maturing to red, reddish-brown, dark purple or black 
<emphasis id="BCF0A5A44055B7FE8B8BEF8BBCFDEAB6" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">in vivo</emphasis>
, blackish or reddish-brown 
<emphasis id="7AF39E5130D8C29F09EBB46520C851E7" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">in sicco</emphasis>
, with an excentric apicule; stipes green maturing to red 
<emphasis id="0D629DE01D5B19E32F32832AE62A726C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">in vivo</emphasis>
, 7-14 by 1-1.5(3) mm; fruiting receptacle depressed ovoid, 4-8 mm diam., monocarps, stipes and receptacle glabrous. 
<emphasis id="D60718D5DF20227589C43CA26F5759CF" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Seeds</emphasis>
broadly ellipsoid to globose, yellowish or orange-brown, slightly pitted, ca. 8 by 7-8 mm, raphe raised within a sunken groove, somewhat irregular.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="9E02842337DB6BCB706DF69E6F56D35B" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="868BCBDCBEE8E9A9FC71744C6403C267" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="27B70E2D94C04FC23A5E7B17E71006F4" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
French Guiana, region of 
<normalizedToken id="EFC20886379EC7DB0838E470DA4B9EAE" originalValue="Saül">Sauel</normalizedToken>
and Nouragues.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="7C43EEB5C3533B585D20CA1F09F27227" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="habitat">
<paragraph id="2653BEB6ACD04C4B00E802737EB726EA" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Habitat and Ecology.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5996D713E40F3EA769BAC4866180F49D" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Primary moist forest. At elevations of 200-800 m. Flowering: February, March, May and October; fruiting: May - October, December and January.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D179AE873E58CFB2BC8C5C5B91CCF7B7" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="vernacular names">
<paragraph id="007221031B763366FFF81169389AE559" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Vernacular names.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E55E9D5221231F5CF1876F2A585CA6DA" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
French Guiana: 
<normalizedToken id="748E8973D092026D7DEFC811FC2489D9" originalValue="Apélému">Apelemu</normalizedToken>
(Wayapi; 
<emphasis id="5B1B5D26F89CBB656C417FA5F2EA6CBD" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Grenand 1509</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis id="7ED54AFBCE1D890BCB2B4A6FCD66BF45" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Jacqemin 2349</emphasis>
), Maman 
<normalizedToken id="3736A3F6501E190A23DDCD01828EE396" originalValue="yawé">yawe</normalizedToken>
(
<normalizedToken id="F6E41596EE54F9B180837FD61286CBF6" originalValue="Créole">Creole</normalizedToken>
; 
<emphasis id="998A114FCE91488173BB8C3AB9D813F1" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Moretti 12</emphasis>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="33F52DE0E6CAB035FC8A1B6A83C32A46" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="notes">
<paragraph id="BD4991BF4E94AE6BDF8B0F3C18588CC8" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Notes.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4569DADD88D3F7A4CD5247B099F10418" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName id="33074670FEBD116B167843350BF22BCE" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Annonaceae" genus="Cremastosperma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Cremastosperma brevipes" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="brevipes">
<emphasis id="9E67ADB1738597A32BB7AF89D13E3644" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Cremastosperma brevipes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is the only species of the genus found in the Guianas. The leaves, when dried, have a characteristic reddish tinge (particularly on the underside). This species is similar to 
<taxonomicName id="BEFD17839A52D66DE9582DF0098F8C97" class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Annonaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. venezuelanum" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="venezuelanum">
<emphasis id="F40433B96D99915B4059F919459C83AB" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. venezuelanum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but differing in particular by the acuminate as opposed to acute or obtuse leaf apex of 
<taxonomicName id="14201A44ABC81D9A0168113563787F95" class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Annonaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. venezuelanum" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="venezuelanum">
<emphasis id="F1746EB87C512B107AB6C7EEDAB6E92E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. venezuelanum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, smaller sepals and monocarps and shorter stipes. Its use as fish bait has been reported. As of many 
<taxonomicName id="D79D3B1AECC08F9B5C2CCEA42C7247A6" class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Annonaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="family">Annonaceae</taxonomicName>
, the bark of 
<taxonomicName id="F02A8984BA0E20DA510496D15150E930" class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Annonaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. brevipes" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="brevipes">
<emphasis id="95FCA79A226C95F08EAA015E863FD25C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. brevipes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has been described as aromatic: on collection of 
<emphasis id="6AA958B48D29B00F77520E06B76C1555" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Riera 668</emphasis>
, a peppery smell is reported.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="4AEBD72E406783927F75F2C3D11F11E7" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="preliminary conservation status">
<paragraph id="0E0CFC6D849E6CC33DAB9FB9F1B2C706" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Preliminary conservation status.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2AEFF315C781E428FE968642F664BD58" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName id="72E64F67D8ED1312AADD736555B9E674" class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Annonaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. brevipes" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="brevipes">
<emphasis id="AF0305A27F2C63184AEC6FFDAF8CE433" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. brevipes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has been collected regularly, occurring over a fairly wide area, including the protected area of Les Nouragues. Least concern [LC] (Table 
<tableCitation id="C9B61A7BDF9DF8B142BE4169FE7C0DB3" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="T1" captionText="Table 1. Summary of IUCN preliminary conservation status per species including calculations using ConR (Dauby et al. 2017). The total number of collections is shown, including the number georeferenced (thus included in the calculations using ConR). &quot; Unique occurrences &quot; represent those with differing coordinates, whereby for poorly collected species, numbers of collections that could not be precisely georeferenced but nevertheless represent additional occurrences are indicated; &quot; locations &quot; refers to the IUCN definition as &quot; a geographically or ecologically distinct area in which a single threat can rapidly affect all individuals of the taxon present &quot;; and &quot; subpopulations &quot; are &quot; geographically or otherwise distinct groups in the population between which there is little demographic or genetic exchange (IUCN 2012). EOO = extent of occurrence, whereby the criteria contributing to endangered status are CR &lt;100 km 2, EN &lt;5,000 km 2 and VU &lt;20,000 km 2; AOO = area of occupancy, whereby the criteria are CR &lt;10 km 2, EN &lt;500 km 2 and VU &lt;2,000 km 2. We estimated EOO and AOO using ConR, also indicating for (potentially) threatened species where the values would be higher taking non-georeferenced specimens into account. Known occurrences (or not) in protected areas (national parks or reserves with protected status according to the IUCN; https: // protectedplanet. net / accessed 04.09.2018) are documented and an overall threat category with IUCN code is presented which takes into account each of these factors (as discussed individually in each species treatment)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/45F44CBB3BA4F892B1D1B4BC42D3B1F1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" tableUuid="45F44CBB3BA4F892B1D1B4BC42D3B1F1">1</tableCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="6EDC6102651A713C32E449D6F38C2545" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="73C2E290F2542F37AD8E095FFCAAB1EE" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Selected Specimens Examined</paragraph>
<paragraph id="EA2CA7DF538F01CC8986601FEB9163FD" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis id="7294CB50D91A04D83B322179DDB1B9DC" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">. FRENCH GUIANA</emphasis>
<normalizedToken id="8511BDF27D9A8367F68FBCAB7B5EEB5E" originalValue="Rivière">Riviere</normalizedToken>
Arataye, Saut 
<normalizedToken id="FF9BE642E63DF641ABB68B6A6D45593C" originalValue="Pararé">Parare</normalizedToken>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="447057305F0764468E834A71E9BDE424" degrees="4" direction="north" minutes="02" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="4.0333333">4°02'N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="97826B317EEB4351582B831D75654763" degrees="52" direction="west" minutes="42" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-52.7">52°42'W</geoCoordinate>
, 3 Dec 1985, 
<emphasis id="BF091619AB53B9EB46420180BED8D64C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Barrier 5166</emphasis>
(CAY, L, P, U); 
<normalizedToken id="BE2A46F679DB565675FA4065A13F8F97" originalValue="Saül">Sauel</normalizedToken>
, Mont Galbao, 
<geoCoordinate id="E255199FCA2970BA69B0F1CCC259A910" degrees="3" direction="north" minutes="36" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="3.6">3°36'N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="2DCE00875318FD59A2FEF5F3CA69E4B2" degrees="53" direction="west" minutes="16" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-53.266666">53°16'W</geoCoordinate>
, 525-700 m a.s.l., 11 Sep 1994, 
<emphasis id="4F561EC4B943C3121AB00E9E36E62FC8" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Boom 10812</emphasis>
(CAY, NY, U); Mont 
<normalizedToken id="49931454BAD292651B1AA4B63C2E77A0" originalValue="Inéri">Ineri</normalizedToken>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="ACA20C71BD60613C99010EC4B1463B10" degrees="4" direction="north" minutes="22" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="4.366667">4°22'N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="D3D56E134E8BB0BAF207CFE32D973BDB" degrees="52" direction="west" minutes="10" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-52.166668">52°10'W</geoCoordinate>
, 10 m a.s.l., 9 Sep 1997, 
<emphasis id="F530E7DB59706795B977EF852700DF02" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Cremers 15331</emphasis>
(U); 
<normalizedToken id="9801CB2BDB49155ACF1B9DBB36869D6E" originalValue="Trésor">Tresor</normalizedToken>
Reserve, Creek 4, middle part, 
<geoCoordinate id="CE4FB34676E173F0EBC3ABD1A0DEAC4A" degrees="4" direction="north" minutes="35" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="4.5833335">4°35'N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="387C38248F9DA5C097D769043B3A8FAD" degrees="52" direction="west" minutes="16" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-52.266666">52°16'W</geoCoordinate>
, 
<emphasis id="19604DAA014E50915189E5C4EBD5486F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Ek et al. 1615</emphasis>
(U); 
<normalizedToken id="E2E4755E2B1C7F8C451CEE6F7E6A5AB4" originalValue="Régina">Regina</normalizedToken>
, Montagne Tortue, 
<geoCoordinate id="510A6560CB719F359BFD56BAC7F4B6F0" degrees="4" direction="north" minutes="18" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="4.3">4°18'N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="0BB570D09662F46882B8967CFFE67C19" degrees="52" direction="west" minutes="22" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-52.366665">52°22'W</geoCoordinate>
, 200-450 m a.s.l., 17 Jun 1988, 
<emphasis id="DF738CE69F771DDA3830E9CFDE69964E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Feuillet et al. 10239</emphasis>
(U); Piste de Saint-Elie, 
<geoCoordinate id="B32A952BE1F787D1E9A70F597EB18EAF" degrees="5" direction="north" minutes="20" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="5.3333335">5°20'N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="06FDF5FC1ABD590D1A60DFCCB7CFF620" degrees="53" direction="west" minutes="00" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-53.0">53°00'W</geoCoordinate>
, 29 Nov 1987, 
<emphasis id="CC82F79D279B435EF2CF068BDEE20E6F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">De Granville 10176</emphasis>
(CAY, P, U, US); Approuague, 
<geoCoordinate id="02B1A4C7C41DD41BDAE86366886CAF15" degrees="4" direction="north" minutes="28" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="4.4666667">4°28'N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="BAD67C67F783A60C82B4211A432488BA" degrees="52" direction="west" minutes="02" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-52.033333">52°02'W</geoCoordinate>
, 28 Jul 1997, 
<emphasis id="02301585494233EF7307017F726098A0" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Hequet 432</emphasis>
(P, U); Pedra Alice, River Oiapoque, 
<geoCoordinate id="FD3EC79643E55C23A14E3747528426FE" degrees="3" direction="north" minutes="40" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="3.6666667">3°40'N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="A13EE7B5AA8D5271C37B1A78CF6C4EC1" degrees="52" direction="west" minutes="01" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-52.016666">52°01'W</geoCoordinate>
, 17 Sep 1960, 
<emphasis id="5EB9AC9A8A451E87E63F9C853CD00AD9" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Irwin et al. 47562</emphasis>
(NY, U); Route de 
<normalizedToken id="BEB7ED6BDC23BDD4B3130BEF9FC8BBD2" originalValue="Bélizon">Belizon</normalizedToken>
, Les Eaux 
<normalizedToken id="BFF3D8CFD2FC497286A8B160F3DFBBFF" originalValue="Claires-Saül">Claires-Sauel</normalizedToken>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="B50C70BFB647B6DD2407BBD2A83CE0FC" degrees="3" direction="north" minutes="37" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="3.6166668">3°37'N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="F52B6F76E9D6A5A455196C3535DB29D9" degrees="53" direction="west" minutes="12" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-53.2">53°12'W</geoCoordinate>
, 200 m a.s.l., 9 Feb 1993, 
<emphasis id="13356F0E3E11C301B993FE23DFCB101A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Maas et al. 8064</emphasis>
(MO, U); 
<normalizedToken id="7422BAE5CD37F30762B67377AE13E2AC" originalValue="Saül">Sauel</normalizedToken>
, Piste de Galbao, 
<geoCoordinate id="3AECCEC002C7A44C2F1F111A5B9168C1" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="4.624722">4°36'89&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="CF061135CD93000E924E801D8EB1B65E" degrees="54" direction="west" minutes="16" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="25" value="-54.27361">54°16'25&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
, 28 Aug 2003, 
<emphasis id="80F34B9812B02344B3210D6A8774BEF9" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Munzinger</emphasis>
&amp; 
<emphasis id="8E777D7D19997A54B38D0EF92506CB4F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Heuret 1818</emphasis>
(P); Crique Cacao, 
<geoCoordinate id="CD3ED3F08814D4ACC7B5163C631AAD8D" degrees="2" direction="north" minutes="20" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="2.3333333">2°20'N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="0624CF7D0F51C0C68EE9DFCD79907C4B" degrees="53" direction="west" minutes="12" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-53.2">53°12'W</geoCoordinate>
, 2 May 1987, 
<emphasis id="6BCDFA93F07ACAE44FADC13B0D8E82A1" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<normalizedToken id="824C4B9D8227C590EBFA7732458C4381" originalValue="Prévost">Prevost</normalizedToken>
</emphasis>
&amp; 
<emphasis id="E8CEB6260A24FF2464270C58E163CB20" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Sabatier 2284</emphasis>
(CAY, U); Montagne de Kaw, 
<geoCoordinate id="0BE84C10559C8C992539E625ECDD4190" degrees="4" direction="north" minutes="33" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="4.55">4°33'N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="573D3DE3DE084839D38677F59AD7DD23" degrees="52" direction="west" minutes="10" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-52.166668">52°10'W</geoCoordinate>
, 21 Feb 1998, 
<emphasis id="57018724A80B35A4C847DDF98CB7BA6E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<normalizedToken id="2B33AB5347A695535417AE6A92639189" originalValue="Prévost">Prevost</normalizedToken>
3446
</emphasis>
(NY, U); Les Nouragues, 
<geoCoordinate id="B1557ED03A2AA63DCFA2815DE629965C" degrees="4" direction="north" minutes="03" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="4.05">4°03'N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="4FEDDA16C73C97D87E4948A9CDFE3EE0" degrees="52" direction="west" minutes="42" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-52.7">52°42'W</geoCoordinate>
, 8 Oct 1992, 
<emphasis id="A35E59039F55D7360451D20A1AAB426F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Riera 1564</emphasis>
(P); Les Nouragues, basin of River Approuague, 
<geoCoordinate id="506EDF5D27816F7762AD24D27874B64B" degrees="4" direction="north" minutes="04" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="57" value="4.0825">4°04'57&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="7F26B1E335130EBD489502A58CEEF3D6" degrees="52" direction="west" minutes="40" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="39" value="-52.6775">52°40'39&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
, 89-140 m a.s.l., Oct 2001, 
<emphasis id="78DFDC953646135E09EACFEEEDBAA9BA" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Scharf 76</emphasis>
(U).
</paragraph>
<caption id="07F9C006FD9D3DB2FA2CD15B55E9E0FC" ID-Zenodo-Dep="1911435" doi="10.3897/phytokeys.112.24897.map4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/245298" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Map 4" startId="F16">
<paragraph id="054761EB015DE4EE02AEA35E47CE5CFC" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis id="8805D0FB93D4D16E1C4E5F7E8E6EC098" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Map 4.</emphasis>
Distribution of 
<taxonomicName id="BBA8D0D9C08C16060ADC510BC15D2DA8" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Annonaceae" genus="Cremastosperma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Cremastosperma brevipes" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="brevipes">
<emphasis id="3EB58BEDCEC8CEB995F91ED1269E28AD" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Cremastosperma brevipes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(DC.) R.E.Fr.; 
<taxonomicName id="4CA0950E47A96E1655794EFB25404073" class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Annonaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. gracilipes" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="gracilipes">
<emphasis id="685B50534ACC99AF79A821358E2BAE50" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. gracilipes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
R.E.Fr.; 
<taxonomicName id="6A24379A838DF6F20DBDA8A33224DF5C" class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Annonaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. monospermum" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="monospermum">
<emphasis id="6D9FD39C4662B92A446AF3721CF02422" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. monospermum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Rusby) R.E.Fr.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="41BE4C64C42DDEA2F7A037E725CD7348" ID-Zenodo-Dep="1911137" doi="10.3897/phytokeys.112.24897.figure12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/245299" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 12" startId="F14">
<paragraph id="CFC1EC48C7790C34BE202118933E5AD0" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis id="F18CB702D6D15D46B80CA4FCC05507F3" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 12.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="49638CF063285CFC5CF2C2325E0D92F7" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Annonaceae" genus="Cremastosperma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Cremastosperma brevipes" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="brevipes">
<emphasis id="F70ADFC567303E0E6FFF9599E7658E06" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Cremastosperma brevipes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(DC.) R.E.Fr. 
<emphasis id="F42DDD4AAC9E2D9F067451959598D7F4" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">a</emphasis>
fruiting specimen 
<emphasis id="24678D388BAB1A1163E333C524ADA161" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">b</emphasis>
flower buds (
<emphasis id="AC5A240593952EDA5EC8549B0E5CE7F6" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">a</emphasis>
<emphasis id="A68123B267B6571205CC341D2C0E5572" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Boom 10812</emphasis>
<emphasis id="A9E8FB01B8D889F54E454EF412C7FB58" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">b</emphasis>
<emphasis id="0CEC953F53B22705A462E0FFC8004CE5" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<normalizedToken id="1220DE6512B27DE804756CE330413597" originalValue="Prévost">Prevost</normalizedToken>
3446
</emphasis>
).
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>