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<document id="4CD3852B4FE18B4D82D865F2060EC9BA" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.197988" ID-GBIF-Dataset="a3004a0d-e2e8-4d06-9bda-d8f7fec9db2f" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="197988" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460283465716" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Hippa, Heikki" docDate="2010" docId="494687A6AB59FFACFF3B51C1705EB5F9" docLanguage="en" docName="zt02618p060.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 2618" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Paramanota bifalx Hippa, 2010, sp. n." docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="51" masterDocId="B57FFFDEAB5DFFA8FFAC51567414B37D" masterDocTitle="Review of the genus Paramanota Tuomikoski (Diptera, Mycetophilidae), with the description of new fossil and recent species" masterLastPageNumber="60" masterPageNumber="47" pageNumber="51" updateTime="1698249876373" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="3BFD9FDAA5FA4B12E9F5693C8651014B">Review of the genus Paramanota Tuomikoski (Diptera, Mycetophilidae), with the description of new fossil and recent species</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="1D7FE5015E9C83BA9A47C964AC58CF42">2010</mods:date>
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<treatment id="494687A6AB59FFACFF3B51C1705EB5F9" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6205268" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119397439" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6205268" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:494687A6AB59FFACFF3B51C1705EB5F9" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/494687A6AB59FFACFF3B51C1705EB5F9" lastPageNumber="51" pageId="4" pageNumber="51">
<subSubSection id="89F5653BAB59FFACFF3B51C175B3B7E2" pageId="4" pageNumber="51" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="C15036B0AB59FFACFF3B51C175D7B3CC" blockId="4.[151,451,151,212]" box="[151,451,151,177]" pageId="4" pageNumber="51">
<heading id="9A1881DCAB59FFACFF3B51C175D7B3CC" bold="true" box="[151,451,151,177]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="51" reason="1">
<emphasis id="F39BEAA2AB59FFACFF3B51C175D7B3CC" bold="true" box="[151,451,151,177]" pageId="4" pageNumber="51">
<taxonomicName id="06EF4D33AB59FFACFF3B51C1756EB3CC" ID-CoL="8D6XF" box="[151,378,151,177]" class="Insecta" family="Mycetophilidae" genus="Paramanota" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bifalx" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="F39BEAA2AB59FFACFF3B51C1756EB3CC" bold="true" box="[151,378,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="51">Paramanota bifalx</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="E8A857D9AB59FFACFE2D51C175D7B3CC" box="[385,451,151,177]" pageId="4" pageNumber="51" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C15036B0AB59FFACFF3B51EC7547B3A9" blockId="4.[151,451,151,212]" box="[151,339,186,212]" pageId="4" pageNumber="51">
<figureCitation id="59D42A35AB59FFACFF3B51EC74F4B3A9" box="[151,224,186,212]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,255,1909,1933]" captionTargetBox="[227,1370,898,1908]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[213,1370,853,1931]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Wing, dorsal view (A and C F) and ventral view (B). A, B. Paramanota grandaeva sp n. (holotype). C. P. orientalis Tuomikoski (Thailand). D, F. Paramanota furcillata sp. n. (D holotype, F paratype). E. P. bifalx sp. n. (holotype). Scale 1.0 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/197989/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="51">Figs 1</figureCitation>
E, 2 AE
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C15036B0AB59FFACFF3B5053766BB707" blockId="4.[151,1437,261,1668]" pageId="4" pageNumber="51">
Male.
<emphasis id="F39BEAA2AB59FFACFF4850537528B262" bold="true" box="[228,316,261,287]" pageId="4" pageNumber="51">Colour</emphasis>
. Head yellowish brown, vertex darker brown, antennal flagellomeres 214 brown; setae and other vestiture dark. Thorax yellowish brown, scutum and scutellum brown, the former a little paler posterolaterally and at posterior margin, anterior part of anepisternum, laterotergite and the medial part of mediotergite slightly infuscated; the thoracic setae dark. Legs yellowish brown, middle and hind femur infuscated ventrally at apex, the setae and other vestiture dark. Wing brownish; haltere yellowish brown with dark brown knob. Abdomen brown, hypopygium yellowish brown on basal half, setae dark.
<emphasis id="F39BEAA2AB59FFACFB7250E9713CB2A4" bold="true" box="[1246,1320,447,473]" pageId="4" pageNumber="51">Head.</emphasis>
Antennal flagellomere 4,
<figureCitation id="59D42A35AB59FFACFEF550B375B5B282" box="[345,417,485,511]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,255,1845,1869]" captionTargetBox="[175,1436,193,1844]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,122,1856]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Paramanota bifalx sp. n. (holotype). A. Antennal flagellomere 4, lateral view. B. Apical part of front tibia, prolateral view. C. Hypopygium, dorsal view. D. Hypopygium, ventral view. E. Aedeagus with associated structures, ventral view. Scale 0.10 mm. cr = cercus, gs = gonostylus, gx = gonocoxa, gx l = ventral gonocoxal lobe, gx l m = mesial sub-lobe of the ventral gonocoxal lobe, gx l l = lateral sub-lobe of the ventral gonocoxal lobe, hp = hypoproct, tg 9 = tergite 9." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/197990/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="51">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
A. Other parts of head lost in the single specimen before a detailed study.
<emphasis id="F39BEAA2AB59FFACFA9050B37188B282" bold="true" box="[1340,1436,485,511]" pageId="4" pageNumber="51">Thorax</emphasis>
similar to Fig. 8a in
<bibRefCitation id="A57E4B41AB59FFACFE2E535C7670B159" box="[386,612,522,548]" pageId="4" pageNumber="51" refString="Hippa, H., Jaschhof, M. &amp; Vilkamaa, P. (2004) Phylogeny of the Manotinae, with a review of Eumanota Edwards, Paramanota Tuomikoski and Promanota Tuomikoski (Diptera Mycetophilidae). Studia dipterologica, 11 (2), 405 - 428." type="journal article">
Hippa
<emphasis id="F39BEAA2AB59FFACFE7D535C761FB15E" box="[465,523,522,547]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="51">et al.</emphasis>
(2004)
</bibRefCitation>
.
<emphasis id="F39BEAA2AB59FFACFDC2535C76BDB159" bold="true" box="[622,681,522,548]" pageId="4" pageNumber="51">Legs</emphasis>
. Apical part of tibia 1,
<figureCitation id="59D42A35AB59FFACFC1B535C77EFB159" box="[951,1019,522,548]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,255,1845,1869]" captionTargetBox="[175,1436,193,1844]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,122,1856]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Paramanota bifalx sp. n. (holotype). A. Antennal flagellomere 4, lateral view. B. Apical part of front tibia, prolateral view. C. Hypopygium, dorsal view. D. Hypopygium, ventral view. E. Aedeagus with associated structures, ventral view. Scale 0.10 mm. cr = cercus, gs = gonostylus, gx = gonocoxa, gx l = ventral gonocoxal lobe, gx l m = mesial sub-lobe of the ventral gonocoxal lobe, gx l l = lateral sub-lobe of the ventral gonocoxal lobe, hp = hypoproct, tg 9 = tergite 9." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/197990/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="51">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
B.
<emphasis id="F39BEAA2AB59FFACFB88535C707BB159" bold="true" box="[1060,1135,522,548]" pageId="4" pageNumber="51">Wing,</emphasis>
<figureCitation id="59D42A35AB59FFACFBD9535C70ADB159" box="[1141,1209,522,548]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,255,1909,1933]" captionTargetBox="[227,1370,898,1908]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[213,1370,853,1931]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Wing, dorsal view (A and C F) and ventral view (B). A, B. Paramanota grandaeva sp n. (holotype). C. P. orientalis Tuomikoski (Thailand). D, F. Paramanota furcillata sp. n. (D holotype, F paratype). E. P. bifalx sp. n. (holotype). Scale 1.0 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/197989/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="51">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
E. Wing length 2.0 mm.
<emphasis id="F39BEAA2AB59FFACFF7453797591B134" bold="true" box="[216,389,559,585]" pageId="4" pageNumber="51">Hypopygium</emphasis>
,
<figureCitation id="59D42A35AB59FFACFE3B536675F2B137" box="[407,486,560,586]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,255,1845,1869]" captionTargetBox="[175,1436,193,1844]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,122,1856]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Paramanota bifalx sp. n. (holotype). A. Antennal flagellomere 4, lateral view. B. Apical part of front tibia, prolateral view. C. Hypopygium, dorsal view. D. Hypopygium, ventral view. E. Aedeagus with associated structures, ventral view. Scale 0.10 mm. cr = cercus, gs = gonostylus, gx = gonocoxa, gx l = ventral gonocoxal lobe, gx l m = mesial sub-lobe of the ventral gonocoxal lobe, gx l l = lateral sub-lobe of the ventral gonocoxal lobe, hp = hypoproct, tg 9 = tergite 9." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/197990/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="51">Figs 2</figureCitation>
C, D, E: Gonocoxae ventrally separated by a membranous area, each side appearing as a very large lobe, posteriorly extending further than the gonostylus, the posterior part two-lobed with a broad mesial lobe and narrow lateral lobe, the latter appearing as a curved prong; the ventral surface evenly rather long setose, the lateral lobe with 34 megasetae at apex, the dorsal surface of the broader mesial lobe with an area of numerous megasetae. The part of gonocoxa visible in dorsal view simple with the setae similar to those of the ventral side. Tergite 9 simple, the posterior margin concave, the posterolateral corner only slightly lobe-like prolonged, the setae similar to gonocoxa. Cercus simple. Hypoproct as long as cercus, each half about one third of the width of cercus, each half with 1 seta. Latero-ventrad from the hypoproct there is a setose sclerite which cannot be well observed in any of the slides and which is not drawn in
<figureCitation id="59D42A35AB59FFACFA9D520C716CB009" box="[1329,1400,858,884]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,255,1845,1869]" captionTargetBox="[175,1436,193,1844]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,122,1856]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Paramanota bifalx sp. n. (holotype). A. Antennal flagellomere 4, lateral view. B. Apical part of front tibia, prolateral view. C. Hypopygium, dorsal view. D. Hypopygium, ventral view. E. Aedeagus with associated structures, ventral view. Scale 0.10 mm. cr = cercus, gs = gonostylus, gx = gonocoxa, gx l = ventral gonocoxal lobe, gx l m = mesial sub-lobe of the ventral gonocoxal lobe, gx l l = lateral sub-lobe of the ventral gonocoxal lobe, hp = hypoproct, tg 9 = tergite 9." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/197990/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="51">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
C. Gonostylus with a dorsal lobe, a ventral lobe and a bifid lobe between them; the dorsal lobe in dorsal view subtriangular, with a comb-like row of submembranous pale lamellae along the posterior margin; the ventral lobe expanded at apex, with a mesial comb-like row of black sclerotized lamellae and on the ventral side of the comb with a plate-like small lobe with four setae at margin; one part of the bifid lobe with an aggregation of black lamellae, the other part with a curved finger-like appendix. Parameres and aedeagus fused to form a sub-quadrangular sclerite, slightly longer than broad, aedeagal apodemes long, directed obliquely anteriod, ejaculatory apodemes similar but smaller.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C15036B0AB59FFACFF6A55D375B3B7E2" blockId="4.[151,1437,261,1668]" box="[198,423,1157,1183]" pageId="4" pageNumber="51">Female. Unknown.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="89F5653BAB59FFACFF6A55FC775CB692" pageId="4" pageNumber="51" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="C15036B0AB59FFACFF6A55FC775CB692" blockId="4.[151,1437,261,1668]" pageId="4" pageNumber="51">
<emphasis id="F39BEAA2AB59FFACFF6A55FC755EB7B9" bold="true" box="[198,330,1194,1220]" pageId="4" pageNumber="51">Discussion</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="06EF4D33AB59FFACFEF055FD7629B7B9" box="[348,573,1195,1220]" class="Insecta" family="Mycetophilidae" genus="Paramanota" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bifalx">
<emphasis id="F39BEAA2AB59FFACFEF055FD7629B7B9" box="[348,573,1195,1220]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="51">Paramanota bifalx</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is similar to
<taxonomicName id="06EF4D33AB59FFACFD4F55FD7797B7B9" box="[739,899,1195,1220]" class="Insecta" family="Mycetophilidae" genus="Paramanota" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="peninsulae">
<emphasis id="F39BEAA2AB59FFACFD4F55FD7797B7B9" box="[739,899,1195,1220]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="51">P. peninsulae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Both of these species differ from the other
<taxonomicName id="06EF4D33AB59FFACFF3B5586753EB794" box="[151,298,1232,1257]" class="Insecta" family="Mycetophilidae" genus="Paramanota" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="F39BEAA2AB59FFACFF3B5586753EB794" box="[151,298,1232,1257]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="51">Paramanota</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by the ventral gonocoxal lobe which has a narrow prong-like sub-lobe in a lateral position, unlike
<emphasis id="F39BEAA2AB59FFACFF3B55A375D0B673" box="[151,452,1269,1294]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="51">
<taxonomicName id="06EF4D33AB59FFACFF3B55A3753FB673" box="[151,299,1269,1294]" class="Insecta" family="Mycetophilidae" genus="Paramanota" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="orientalis">P. orientalis</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="06EF4D33AB59FFACFE9455A375D0B673" box="[312,452,1269,1294]" class="Insecta" family="Mycetophilidae" genus="Paramanota" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="paxillosa">P. paxillosa</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
and
<emphasis id="F39BEAA2AB59FFACFE5355A3766AB673" box="[511,638,1269,1294]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="51">P. s c h a c h t i</emphasis>
which has no prong-like lobe or
<emphasis id="F39BEAA2AB59FFACFBBF55A3715EB673" box="[1043,1354,1269,1294]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="51">
<taxonomicName id="06EF4D33AB59FFACFBBF55A370B7B673" box="[1043,1187,1269,1294]" class="Insecta" family="Mycetophilidae" genus="Paramanota" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="furcillata">P. furcillata</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="06EF4D33AB59FFACFB1C55A3715EB673" box="[1200,1354,1269,1294]" class="Insecta" family="Mycetophilidae" genus="Paramanota" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="awanensis">P. awanensis</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
and
<taxonomicName id="06EF4D33AB59FFACFA2A55A37502B649" class="Insecta" family="Mycetophilidae" genus="Paramanota" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sumatrana">
<emphasis id="F39BEAA2AB59FFACFA2A55A37502B649" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="51">P. sumatrana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
having it in a mesial position.
<taxonomicName id="06EF4D33AB59FFACFD25544D76FFB649" box="[649,747,1307,1332]" class="Insecta" family="Mycetophilidae" genus="Paramanota" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bifalx">
<emphasis id="F39BEAA2AB59FFACFD25544D76FFB649" box="[649,747,1307,1332]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="51">P. bifalx</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be distinguished from
<taxonomicName id="06EF4D33AB59FFACFB9C544D70DAB649" box="[1072,1230,1307,1332]" class="Insecta" family="Mycetophilidae" genus="Paramanota" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="peninsulae">
<emphasis id="F39BEAA2AB59FFACFB9C544D70DAB649" box="[1072,1230,1307,1332]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="51">P. peninsulae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by the following characters: 1) the narrow lateral sub-lobe on the ventral gonocoxal lobe has a few megasetae at the actual apex, in
<taxonomicName id="06EF4D33AB59FFACFF5254337588B603" box="[254,412,1381,1406]" class="Insecta" family="Mycetophilidae" genus="Paramanota" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="peninsulae">
<emphasis id="F39BEAA2AB59FFACFF5254337588B603" box="[254,412,1381,1406]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="51">P. peninsulae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
there are numerous megasetae covering all of the mesial side of the lobe, 2) the bifid lobe on the gonostylus, between the dorsal and ventral lobes, has the part without black lamellae curved, not straight and 3) the parameres and aedeagus are completely fused, in
<taxonomicName id="06EF4D33AB59FFACFC1554E67041B6B4" box="[953,1109,1456,1481]" class="Insecta" family="Mycetophilidae" genus="Paramanota" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="peninsulae">
<emphasis id="F39BEAA2AB59FFACFC1554E67041B6B4" box="[953,1109,1456,1481]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="51">P. peninsulae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
the apices of parameres are free, visible as subtriangular lobes at the apex of aedeagus.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="89F5653BAB59FFACFF6A54AC705EB5F9" pageId="4" pageNumber="51" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="C15036B0AB59FFACFF6A54AC7528B547" blockId="4.[151,1437,261,1668]" pageId="4" pageNumber="51">
<emphasis id="F39BEAA2AB59FFACFF6A54AC7547B569" bold="true" box="[198,339,1530,1556]" pageId="4" pageNumber="51">Etymology.</emphasis>
The name is Latin,
<emphasis id="F39BEAA2AB59FFACFD9754AD7648B569" box="[571,604,1531,1556]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="51">bi-</emphasis>
, two-,
<emphasis id="F39BEAA2AB59FFACFD0154AD76F5B569" box="[685,737,1531,1556]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="51">falx,</emphasis>
sickle, referring to the pair of sickle shaped ventral lobes of the gonocoxa.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C15036B0AB59FFACFF6A5713705EB5F9" blockId="4.[151,1437,261,1668]" pageId="4" pageNumber="51">
<emphasis id="F39BEAA2AB59FFACFF6A57137500B522" bold="true" box="[198,276,1605,1631]" pageId="4" pageNumber="51">
<typeStatus id="1E548812AB59FFACFF6A57137519B522" box="[198,269,1605,1631]" pageId="4" pageNumber="51">Types</typeStatus>
.
</emphasis>
<emphasis id="F39BEAA2AB59FFACFE8D57137599B523" box="[289,397,1605,1630]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="51">
<typeStatus id="1E548812AB59FFACFE8D57137599B523" box="[289,397,1605,1630]" pageId="4" pageNumber="51" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
. Male.
<collectingCountry id="B9F87620AB59FFACFE4057137692B522" box="[492,646,1605,1631]" name="Thailand" pageId="4" pageNumber="51">THAILAND</collectingCountry>
, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Namtok Yong NP, TV aerial, 814.262'N 9948.289'E,
<quantity id="06179B55AB59FFACFE87573C7564B5F9" box="[299,368,1642,1668]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.66" pageId="4" pageNumber="51" unit="m" value="966.0">966m</quantity>
, Malaise trap
<date id="B5511070AB59FFACFDB9573C76D5B5F9" box="[533,705,1642,1668]" pageId="4" pageNumber="51" value="2008-09-15" valueMax="2008-09-22" valueMin="2008-09-15">1522.ix.2008</date>
, Paiboon leg., T3540 (in QSBG).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>