144 lines
15 KiB
XML
144 lines
15 KiB
XML
<document id="A9844A6F90C56805B9989745C02729B4" ID-CLB-Dataset="115950" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5174.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="c4bf1061-5af8-4f4a-b4ca-234b6d0ca615" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6972960" ID-ZooBank="F80F144B-D1E8-4587-A146-0BACFFE18FB6" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1659936256232" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Beaver, Roger A. & Smith, Sarah M." docDate="2022" docId="217A020B6E5D3F04FF6C4CD7FC57CC76" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5174.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5174 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Polygraphus major Stebbing" docType="treatment" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="10" masterDocId="DD437A736E543F0DFFFB4D0DFFFCCF2B" masterDocTitle="The bark and ambrosia beetles of Bhutan (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae and Platypodinae): a synopsis with three new species of Scolytinae" masterLastPageNumber="24" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="10" updateTime="1699365110226" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:mods id="88536C9148CE828A0698BC5FEF9F573C" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="6FF9ABA140FC6DA8D3C9CFF3DD5B9580">
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<mods:title id="78531989BCCFCFDD70AF752B6664010B">The bark and ambrosia beetles of Bhutan (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae and Platypodinae): a synopsis with three new species of Scolytinae</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="AEDF3CC87F4200FE113DF361D788E540" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="01BF6BB19FDB067D7A1E0D8866BF62E2">
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<mods:roleTerm id="C7043D5510ABA0EE80CA116825469B12">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="8FFD31C57FC13717096B7FF6EC0E839E">Beaver, Roger A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="6E888C773F0105D9C696DD38888D9895">161 / 2 Mu 5, Soi Wat Pranon, T. Donkaew, A. Maerim, Chiangmai 50180, Thailand.</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="D0B01CFDA54CBFA8A147CB797BFE567D" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="9D135B51EC65B18159C592B7F3ADC7AE">
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<mods:roleTerm id="48D9CE5CE7209679A4469A9D3CDC7699">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="36332C950BA87E5FBE802A69DB49C609">Smith, Sarah M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="C8AF07C735E78F103D80F78F957C07A6" type="ORCID">0000-0002-5173-3736</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="42DD1E64367BF36D9D6CA8FD3E57A847">Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, 288 Farm Lane, 243 Natural Science Bldg., East Lansing, MI 48824, USA. smith 462 @ msu. edu; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 5173 - 3736</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="AF099DF6BAAEFE17EF167A4FBF9470D7" type="email">smith462@msu.edu</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="CB0DBB8D5A556166D97B975EED2329DF">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo id="A094D119B5230E7A0527F062D857DEBD">
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<mods:title id="FE03AB24E2E0EFD77F4929DF255CFAD7">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="ABFF05339ABBF576D80D110A71053B89">
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<mods:date id="3B7C3ACDB7DD39FAFE5FDC704F92A0A5">2022</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="4D8FD23E72AF39D90D04C33AFEAC65CF">2022-08-08</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="9CEC99E2E92ACE74182363A3308D1BF7" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="195D9C71F3E17D97AE56EEB57C95C9E2">5174</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="AB83E8F286F429D32A4394BE7E3C5925" type="issue">
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<mods:classification id="C837EE97DB9595C320FA226D4F00B427">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="59CAD9FC44045E9E46DEFC1A08C8AD07" type="CLB-Dataset">115950</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="FA61F8EE3D161834ACCF7C5B9B7DB9CC" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.5174.1.1</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="217A020B6E5D3F04FF6C4CD7FC57CC76" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6972984" ID-GBIF-Taxon="198633517" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6972984" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:217A020B6E5D3F04FF6C4CD7FC57CC76" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/217A020B6E5D3F04FF6C4CD7FC57CC76" lastPageNumber="10" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
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<subSubSection id="E1C9E0966E5D3F04FF6C4CD7FE1ACEDF" box="[151,486,474,501]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="A96CB31D6E5D3F04FF6C4CD7FE1ACEDF" blockId="9.[151,657,474,537]" box="[151,486,474,501]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
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<heading id="F22404716E5D3F04FF6C4CD7FE1ACEDF" bold="true" box="[151,486,474,501]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="6ED3C89E6E5D3F04FF6C4CD7FE1ACEDF" ID-CoL="7868S" authority="Stebbing" authorityName="Stebbing" box="[151,486,474,501]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Polygraphus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="major">
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<emphasis id="9BA76F0F6E5D3F04FF6C4CD7FE1ACEDF" bold="true" box="[151,486,474,501]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
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<emphasis id="9BA76F0F6E5D3F04FF6C4CD7FE88CEDE" bold="true" box="[151,372,474,501]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Polygraphus major</emphasis>
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Stebbing
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="E1C9E0966E5D3F04FF3C4CF2FD58CDAE" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="A96CB31D6E5D3F04FF3C4CF2FD6DCD32" blockId="9.[151,657,474,537]" box="[199,657,511,537]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
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<taxonomicName id="6ED3C89E6E5D3F04FF3C4CF2FD72CD32" ID-CoL="7868S" authority="Stebbing, 1903: 234" authorityName="Stebbing" authorityPageNumber="234" authorityYear="1903" box="[199,654,511,537]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Polygraphus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="major">
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<emphasis id="9BA76F0F6E5D3F04FF3C4CF2FE5CCD33" box="[199,416,511,537]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Polygraphus major</emphasis>
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Stebbing, 1903: 234
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="A96CB31D6E5D3F04FF6C4F4AFD58CDAE" blockId="9.[151,1437,583,861]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
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Recorded from
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<collectingCountry id="D1C4F38D6E5D3F04FEBC4F4AFE64CD4A" box="[327,408,583,609]" name="Bhutan" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Bhutan</collectingCountry>
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by
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<bibRefCitation id="CD42CEEC6E5D3F04FE3A4F4AFD3FCD4A" author="Wood, S. L. & Bright, D. E." box="[449,707,583,609]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="1 - 1553" refId="ref17596" refString="Wood, S. L. & Bright, D. E. (1992) A catalog of Scolytidae and Platypodidae (Coleoptera), Part 2: Taxonomic index. Great Basin Naturalist Memoirs, 13, 1 - 1553." type="journal article" year="1992">Wood & Bright (1992)</bibRefCitation>
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. We have been unable to trace the original record, but it is highly probable that the species occurs in the country.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="E1C9E0966E5D3F04FF3C4F83FF02CDE6" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="distribution">
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<paragraph id="A96CB31D6E5D3F04FF3C4F83FF02CDE6" blockId="9.[151,1437,583,861]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
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<emphasis id="9BA76F0F6E5D3F04FF3C4F83FE9DCD83" bold="true" box="[199,353,654,680]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Distribution.</emphasis>
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<collectingCountry id="D1C4F38D6E5D3F04FE954F82FE3ECD82" box="[366,450,655,681]" name="Bhutan" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Bhutan</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="D1C4F38D6E5D3F04FE284F82FDEACD82" box="[467,534,655,681]" name="China" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">China</collectingCountry>
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(
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<collectingRegion id="6B177DFF6E5D3F04FDD74F82FD7ECD82" box="[556,642,655,681]" country="China" name="Xizang" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Xizang</collectingRegion>
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),
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<collectingCountry id="D1C4F38D6E5D3F04FD674F82FD2ACD82" box="[668,726,655,681]" name="India" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">India</collectingCountry>
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(
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<collectingRegion id="6B177DFF6E5D3F04FD114F82FC3FCD82" box="[746,963,655,681]" country="India" name="Himachal Pradesh" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Himachal Pradesh</collectingRegion>
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, Punjab,
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<collectingRegion id="6B177DFF6E5D3F04FBCD4F82FB39CD82" box="[1078,1221,655,681]" country="India" name="Uttarakhand" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Uttarakhand</collectingRegion>
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), Kashmir,
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<collectingCountry id="D1C4F38D6E5D3F04FAA94F82FA64CD82" box="[1362,1432,655,681]" name="Nepal" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Nepal</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="D1C4F38D6E5D3F04FF6C4FBEFF06CDE6" box="[151,250,691,717]" name="Pakistan" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Pakistan</collectingCountry>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="E1C9E0966E5D3F04FF3C4FDBFC57CC76" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph id="A96CB31D6E5D3F04FF3C4FDBFC57CC76" blockId="9.[151,1437,583,861]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
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<emphasis id="9BA76F0F6E5D3F04FF3C4FDBFEDBCDDB" bold="true" box="[199,295,726,752]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Biology.</emphasis>
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This species attacks conifers in the genera,
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<emphasis id="9BA76F0F6E5D3F04FCDD4FDAFC4ACDDB" box="[806,950,727,752]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
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<taxonomicName id="6ED3C89E6E5D3F04FCDD4FDAFC94CDDB" box="[806,872,727,752]" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pinus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Pinus</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="6ED3C89E6E5D3F04FC8D4FDAFC4ACDDB" box="[886,950,727,752]" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Picea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Picea</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="6ED3C89E6E5D3F04FC0A4FDAFB39CDDA" box="[1009,1221,727,753]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Cedrus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="9BA76F0F6E5D3F04FC0A4FDAFBBECDDA" box="[1009,1090,727,753]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Cedrus</emphasis>
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(Pinaceae)
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</taxonomicName>
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, but is particularly important as a pest of
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<taxonomicName id="6ED3C89E6E5D3F04FE764FF6FDABCC3E" box="[397,599,763,789]" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pinus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="wallichiana">
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<emphasis id="9BA76F0F6E5D3F04FE764FF6FDABCC3E" box="[397,599,763,789]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Pinus wallichiana</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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in the Himalayan region (
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<bibRefCitation id="CD42CEEC6E5D3F04FC824FF6FBEACC3E" author="Browne, F. G." box="[889,1046,763,789]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" refId="ref11981" refString="Browne, F. G. (1968) Pests and diseases of forest plantation trees. Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1330 pp." type="book" year="1968">Browne 1968</bibRefCitation>
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). Its biology has been described by
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<bibRefCitation id="CD42CEEC6E5D3F04FF6C4E12FEB3CC12" author="Stebbing, E. P." box="[151,335,799,825]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" refId="ref16745" refString="Stebbing, E. P. (1914) Indian forest insects of economic importance. Coleoptera. Eyre and Spottiswoode, London, xvi + 648 p., 63 pls. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 9203" type="book" year="1914">Stebbing (1914)</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="CD42CEEC6E5D3F04FEA74E12FDFCCC12" author="Beeson, C. F. C." box="[348,512,799,825]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" refId="ref11550" refString="Beeson, C. F. C. (1961) The Ecology and Control of the Forest Insects of India and the Neighbouring Countries. (2 nd ed.). Government of India, New Delhi, 767 pp." type="book" year="1961">Beeson (1961)</bibRefCitation>
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and
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<bibRefCitation id="CD42CEEC6E5D3F04FDC34E12FCCFCC12" author="Khanday, A. L. & Buhroo, A. A. & Kerchev, I. A. & Singh, S. & Zubair, R. M." box="[568,819,799,825]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="171 - 183" refId="ref14290" refString="Khanday, A. L., Buhroo, A. A., Kerchev, I. A., Singh, S. & Zubair, R. M. (2020) A review of the Indian species of genus Polygraphus Erichson, 1836 (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) with bio-ecological notes on P. major, a pest of Pinus wallichiana A. B. Jacks (Pinaceae) in Kashmir, India. Folia Forestalia Polonica, Series A, 62, 171 - 183. https: // doi. org / 10.2478 / ffp- 2020 - 0017" type="journal article" year="2020">
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Khanday
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<emphasis id="9BA76F0F6E5D3F04FD5E4E12FD22CC12" box="[677,734,799,825]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">et al.</emphasis>
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(2020)
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</bibRefCitation>
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. Associated coleopteran predators are considered to be important in regulating population levels (
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<bibRefCitation id="CD42CEEC6E5D3F04FD944E4EFCABCC76" author="Khanday, A. L. & Buhroo, A. A. & Singh, S." box="[623,855,835,861]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="311 - 318" refId="ref14152" refString="Khanday, A. L., Buhroo, A. A. & Singh, S. (2016) Population dynamics of predators of bark beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) infesting Pinus wallichiana in Kashmir, India. Annals of Forestry, 24, 311 - 318." type="journal article" year="2016">
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Khanday
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<emphasis id="9BA76F0F6E5D3F04FD264E4EFCE9CC76" box="[733,789,835,861]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">et al.</emphasis>
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2016
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</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="CD42CEEC6E5D3F04FC994E4EFC63CC76" author="Khanday, A. L. & Buhroo, A. A. & Singh, S. & Ranjith, A. P. & Masur, S." box="[866,927,835,861]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="353 - 360" refId="ref14205" refString="Khanday, A. L., Buhroo, A. A., Singh, S., Ranjith, A. P. & Masur, S. (2018) Survey of predators associated with bark beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) with redescription of Platysoma rimarium Erichson, 1834 from Kashmir, India. Journal of Asia-Pacific Biodiversity, 11, 353 - 360. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. japb. 2018.07.004" type="journal article" year="2018">2018</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |