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<mods:title id="AABDC57D7914A918CBF2AB7CA01CDD99">Subfossil rodents and tenrecs of Childrens Cave, Madagascar</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="EB49ED873A7DF975A9DA440217770EA0">Gabriel, Nadine W.</mods:namePart>
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<heading id="D0D281BCFFF3FFF3B1EAFE24FCD2FE10" box="[454,861,407,434]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="801" reason="5">
Genus
<taxonomicName id="4C254D53FFF3FFF3B230FE24FCD2FE10" ID-CoL="3CMZ" authority="Major, 1896" authorityName="Major" authorityYear="1896" box="[540,861,407,434]" class="Mammalia" family="Nesomyidae" genus="Brachyuromys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="5" pageNumber="801" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B951EAC2FFF3FFF3B230FE24FD4AFE10" box="[540,709,407,434]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="801">Brachyuromys</emphasis>
Major, 1896
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C33F655BFFF3FFF3B08CFE68FB99FA3E" pageId="5" pageNumber="801" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8B9A36D0FFF3FFF3B08CFE68FD63FC7B" blockId="5.[160,1156,475,1436]" pageId="5" pageNumber="801">
Today in
<collectingCountry id="F3327640FFF3FFF3B125FE68FE00FE56" box="[265,399,475,500]" name="Madagascar" pageId="5" pageNumber="801">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
there are two recognised species,
<taxonomicName id="4C254D53FFF3FFF3B335FE68FF58FDB5" authority="Major, 1896" authorityName=", Major" authorityYear="1896" class="Mammalia" family="Nesomyidae" genus="Brachyuromys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="5" pageNumber="801" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ramirohitra">
<emphasis id="B951EAC2FFF3FFF3B335FE68FBB9FE56" box="[793,1078,475,500]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="801">Brachyuromys ramirohitra</emphasis>
Major, 1896
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C254D53FFF3FFF3B122FE4DFD50FDB5" authority="(Bartlett, 1880)" baseAuthorityName="Bartlett" baseAuthorityYear="1880" box="[270,735,510,535]" class="Mammalia" family="Nesomyidae" genus="Brachyuromys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="5" pageNumber="801" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="betsileoensis">
<emphasis id="B951EAC2FFF3FFF3B122FE4DFDBBFDB5" box="[270,564,510,535]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="801">Brachyuromys betsileoensis</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFB44B21FFF3FFF3B26CFE4DFD58FDB5" author="Bartlett E" box="[576,727,510,535]" pageId="5" pageNumber="801" pagination="767 - 770" refId="ref13388" refString="Bartlett E. 1880. Second list of mammals and birds collected by Mr. Thomas Waters in Madagascar. Proc Zool Soc Lond. 1879: 767 - 770." type="journal article" year="1880">Bartlett, 1880</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
, both ranked as Least Concern on the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List (
<bibRefCitation id="EFB44B21FFF3FFF3B3AEFD93FBF9FD9B" author="Goodman SM &amp; Soarimalala V &amp; Raheriarisena M &amp; Rakotondravony D" box="[898,1142,544,569]" pageId="5" pageNumber="801" pagination="211 - 269" refId="ref14943" refString="Goodman SM, Soarimalala V, Raheriarisena M, Rakotondravony D. 2013. Petit mammiferes ou tenrecs (Tenrecidae) et rongeurs (Nesomyidae) / Small mammals or tenrecs (Tenrecidae) and rodents (Nesomyidae). In: Goodman SM, Raherilalao MJ, editors. Atlas d'une selection de vertebres terrestres de Madagascar / Atlas of selected land vertebrates of Madagascar. Antananarivo: Association Vahatra; p. 211 - 269." type="book chapter" year="2013">
Goodman
<emphasis id="B951EAC2FFF3FFF3B3D1FD93FBBFFD9B" box="[1021,1072,544,569]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="801">et al</emphasis>
. 2013
</bibRefCitation>
). According to
<bibRefCitation id="EFB44B21FFF3FFF3B112FDF0FD31FDFE" author="Soarimalala V &amp; Goodman SM" box="[318,702,579,604]" pageId="5" pageNumber="801" refId="ref16468" refString="Soarimalala V, Goodman SM. 2011. Les petits mammiferes de Madagascar. Antananarivo: Association Vahatra." type="book" year="2011">Soarimalala and Goodman (2011)</bibRefCitation>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C254D53FFF3FFF3B2E7FDF0FCFFFDFE" baseAuthorityName="Bartlett" baseAuthorityYear="1880" box="[715,880,579,604]" class="Mammalia" family="Nesomyidae" genus="Brachyuromys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="5" pageNumber="801" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="betsileoensis">
<emphasis id="B951EAC2FFF3FFF3B2E7FDF0FCFFFDFE" box="[715,880,579,604]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="801">B. betsileoensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is smaller and is distinguished easily by external characters.
<bibRefCitation id="EFB44B21FFF3FFF3B26BFDD5FD79FDDD" author="Ellerman JR" box="[583,758,614,639]" pageId="5" pageNumber="801" refId="ref13971" refString="Ellerman JR. 1941. The families and genera of living rodents. Vol. 2, Family Muridae. London: Trustees of the British Museum; p. 690." type="book" year="1941">Ellerman (1941)</bibRefCitation>
provided an identification key with some dental characters for the genus, among which were the flat-crowned cheekteeth, with curved folds becoming isolated with wear. According to him
<taxonomicName id="4C254D53FFF3FFF3B35AFD18FB84FD66" authorityName=", Major" authorityYear="1896" box="[886,1035,683,708]" class="Mammalia" family="Nesomyidae" genus="Brachyuromys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="5" pageNumber="801" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ramirohitra">
<emphasis id="B951EAC2FFF3FFF3B35AFD18FB84FD66" box="[886,1035,683,708]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="801">B. ramirohitra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
molars are flatter and their folds become isolated at a very early age, while in
<taxonomicName id="4C254D53FFF3FFF3B381FD7DFBDEFD45" baseAuthorityName="Bartlett" baseAuthorityYear="1880" box="[941,1105,718,743]" class="Mammalia" family="Nesomyidae" genus="Brachyuromys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="5" pageNumber="801" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="betsileoensis">
<emphasis id="B951EAC2FFF3FFF3B381FD7DFBDEFD45" box="[941,1105,718,743]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="801">B. betsileoensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
this condition is not reached until old age.
<taxonomicName id="4C254D53FFF3FFF3B24BFD43FC08FCAB" authorityName=", Major" authorityYear="1896" box="[615,903,752,777]" class="Mammalia" family="Nesomyidae" genus="Brachyuromys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="5" pageNumber="801" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ramirohitra">
<emphasis id="B951EAC2FFF3FFF3B24BFD43FC08FCAB" box="[615,903,752,777]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="801">Brachyuromys ramirohitra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has a larger m3 than
<taxonomicName id="4C254D53FFF3FFF3B08CFCA0FECFFC8E" baseAuthorityName="Bartlett" baseAuthorityYear="1880" box="[160,320,787,812]" class="Mammalia" family="Nesomyidae" genus="Brachyuromys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="5" pageNumber="801" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="betsileoensis">
<emphasis id="B951EAC2FFF3FFF3B08CFCA0FECFFC8E" box="[160,320,787,812]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="801">B. betsileoensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
<bibRefCitation id="EFB44B21FFF3FFF3B167FCA0FE54FC8E" author="Petter F" box="[331,475,787,812]" pageId="5" pageNumber="801" pagination="485 - 498" refId="ref16090" refString="Petter F. 1961. Affinites des genres Spalax et Brachyuromys (Rongeurs, Cricetidae). Mammalia. 25: 485 - 498. doi: 10.1515 / mamm. 1961.25.4.485." type="journal article" year="1961">Petter (1961)</bibRefCitation>
also recognised the same size and morphological differences between molars of the two species. Currently although both species are known from separate locations in the Central Highlands of
<collectingCountry id="F3327640FFF3FFF3B284FCEBFCBEFCD3" box="[680,817,856,881]" name="Madagascar" pageId="5" pageNumber="801">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
, defined as the interior region of the island greater than
<quantity id="4CDD9B35FFF3FFF3B1E8FCC8FD85FC36" box="[452,522,891,916]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="801" unit="m" value="900.0">900 m</quantity>
above sea level (
<bibRefCitation id="EFB44B21FFF3FFF3B2E5FCC8FBBDFC36" author="Goodman SM &amp; Soarimalala V" box="[713,1074,891,916]" pageId="5" pageNumber="801" pagination="373 - 381" refId="ref14852" refString="Goodman SM, Soarimalala V. 2018. Systematique des rongeurs endemiques malgaches (famille Nesomyidae: sous-famille Nesomyinae) / Systematics of endemic Malagasy rodents (family Nesomyidae: subfamily Nesomyinae). In: Goodman SM, Raherilalao MJ, Wohlhauser S, editors. Les aires protegees terrestres de Madagascar: leur histoire, description et biote / The terrestrial protected areas of madagascar: their history, description and biota (Vol. 1). Antananarivo: Association Vahatra; p. 373 - 381." type="book chapter" year="2018">Goodman and Soarimalala 2018</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFB44B21FFF3FFF3B412FCC8FE91FC15" author="Denys C &amp; Argot C &amp; Lalis A &amp; Goodman S" pageId="5" pageNumber="801" pagination="89 - 201" refId="ref13865" refString="Denys C, Argot C, Lalis A, Goodman S. 2021. Holocene subfossil rodents from the Lavajaza Cave, Central Highlands of Madagascar. Neues Jahrbuch fur Geologie und Palaontologie Abhandlungen. 300 (1): 89 - 201. doi: 10.1127 / njgpa / 2021 / 0980." type="journal article" year="2021">
Denys
<emphasis id="B951EAC2FFF3FFF3B08CFC2DFF5AFC15" box="[160,213,926,951]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="801">et al</emphasis>
. 2021
</bibRefCitation>
), they are only sympatric in Andringitra and Ampitambe (
<bibRefCitation id="EFB44B21FFF3FFF3B3F6FC2DFE25FC7B" author="Goodman SM &amp; Rasolonandrasana BPN" pageId="5" pageNumber="801" refId="ref14587" refString="Goodman SM, Rasolonandrasana BPN. 2001. Elevational zonation of birds, insectivores, rodents and primates on the slopes of the Andringitra massif, Madagascar. J Nat Hist. 35: 285 -- 305. doi: 10. 1080 / 00222930150215387" type="journal volume" year="2001">Goodman and Rasolonandrasana 2001</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFB44B21FFF3FFF3B19BFC73FD6FFC7B" author="Jenkins PD &amp; Carleton MD" box="[439,736,960,985]" pageId="5" pageNumber="801" refId="ref15332" refString="Jenkins PD, Carleton MD. 2005. Charles Immanuel Forsyth Major's expedition to Madagascar, 1894 to 1896: beginnings of modern systematic study of the island's mammalian fauna. J Nat Hist. 39 (20): 1779 -- 1818. doi: 10.1080 / 00222930400023719." type="journal volume" year="2005">Jenkins and Carleton 2005</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9A36D0FFF3FFF3B0ECFC50FEB6FA96" blockId="5.[160,1156,475,1436]" pageId="5" pageNumber="801">
Some of the Childrens Cave specimens were labelled
<taxonomicName id="4C254D53FFF3FFF3B30BFC50FB0BFC5E" authority="' Maj." authorityName="Maj." box="[807,1156,995,1020]" class="Mammalia" family="Nesomyidae" genus="Brachyuromys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="5" pageNumber="801" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="arvicoloides">
<emphasis id="B951EAC2FFF3FFF3B30BFC50FBC7FC5E" box="[807,1096,995,1020]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="801">Brachyuromys arvicoloides</emphasis>
Maj.
</taxonomicName>
but the species was never described and is a
<emphasis id="B951EAC2FFF3FFF3B283FBB5FCDDFBBD" box="[687,850,1030,1055]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="801">nomen nudum</emphasis>
. According to
<bibRefCitation id="EFB44B21FFF3FFF3B3D1FBB5FEC1FBE3" author="Jenkins PD &amp; Carleton MD" pageId="5" pageNumber="801" refId="ref15332" refString="Jenkins PD, Carleton MD. 2005. Charles Immanuel Forsyth Major's expedition to Madagascar, 1894 to 1896: beginnings of modern systematic study of the island's mammalian fauna. J Nat Hist. 39 (20): 1779 -- 1818. doi: 10.1080 / 00222930400023719." type="journal volume" year="2005">Jenkins and Carleton (2005)</bibRefCitation>
, during his fieldwork Major provisionally recognised the presence of two species within the genus that he was later to formally name as
<taxonomicName id="4C254D53FFF3FFF3B35EFBF8FB84FBC6" authorityName="Major" authorityYear="1896" box="[882,1035,1099,1124]" class="Mammalia" family="Nesomyidae" genus="Brachyuromys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="5" pageNumber="801" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B951EAC2FFF3FFF3B35EFBF8FB84FBC6" box="[882,1035,1099,1124]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="801">Brachyuromys</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, using the label names of
<taxonomicName id="4C254D53FFF3FFF3B166FBDDFE6FFB25" authorityName=", Major" authorityYear="1896" box="[330,480,1134,1159]" class="Mammalia" family="Nesomyidae" genus="Brachyuromys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="5" pageNumber="801" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ramirohitra">
<emphasis id="B951EAC2FFF3FFF3B166FBDDFE6FFB25" box="[330,480,1134,1159]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="801">B. ramirohitra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<emphasis id="B951EAC2FFF3FFF3B234FBDDFDA9FB25" box="[536,550,1134,1159]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="801">B</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B951EAC2FFF3FFF3B214FBDDFD01FB25" box="[568,654,1134,1159]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="801">arvicola</emphasis>
. Evidently Major recognised that taxa which he had provisionally named
<emphasis id="B951EAC2FFF3FFF3B1D3FB23FDD8FB0B" box="[511,599,1168,1193]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="801">arvicola</emphasis>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C254D53FFF3FFF3B28DFB23FCA6FB0B" box="[673,809,1168,1193]" class="Mammalia" family="Nesomyidae" genus="Brachyuromys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="5" pageNumber="801" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="arvicoloides">
<emphasis id="B951EAC2FFF3FFF3B28AFB23FCA6FB0B" box="[678,809,1168,1193]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="801">arvicoloides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
were synonyms of
<taxonomicName id="4C254D53FFF3FFF3B40EFB23FE47FB6E" authority="Bartlett, 1880" authorityName="Bartlett" authorityYear="1880" class="Mammalia" family="Nesomyidae" genus="Nesomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="5" pageNumber="801" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="betsileoensis">
<emphasis id="B951EAC2FFF3FFF3B40EFB23FEA8FB6E" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="801">Nesomys betsileoensis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFB44B21FFF3FFF3B11CFB00FE47FB6E" author="Bartlett E" box="[304,456,1203,1228]" pageId="5" pageNumber="801" pagination="767 - 770" refId="ref13388" refString="Bartlett E. 1880. Second list of mammals and birds collected by Mr. Thomas Waters in Madagascar. Proc Zool Soc Lond. 1879: 767 - 770." type="journal article" year="1880">Bartlett, 1880</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
but formulated
<taxonomicName id="4C254D53FFF3FFF3B2A9FB00FC91FB6E" authorityName="Major" authorityYear="1896" box="[645,798,1203,1228]" class="Mammalia" family="Nesomyidae" genus="Brachyuromys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="5" pageNumber="801" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B951EAC2FFF3FFF3B2A9FB00FC91FB6E" box="[645,798,1203,1228]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="801">Brachyuromys</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as a new genus in recognition of the incorrect generic allocation to
<taxonomicName id="4C254D53FFF3FFF3B212FB65FD11FB4D" authorityName="Peters" authorityYear="1870" box="[574,670,1238,1263]" class="Mammalia" family="Nesomyidae" genus="Nesomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="5" pageNumber="801" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B951EAC2FFF3FFF3B212FB65FD11FB4D" box="[574,670,1238,1263]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="801">Nesomys</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. In his original description of
<taxonomicName id="4C254D53FFF3FFF3B3C4FB65FEB6FAB3" authority=", Major (1896 a)" authorityName=", Major" authorityYear="1896" class="Mammalia" family="Nesomyidae" genus="Brachyuromys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="5" pageNumber="801" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ramirohitra">
<emphasis id="B951EAC2FFF3FFF3B3C4FB65FBF1FB4D" box="[1000,1150,1238,1263]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="801">B. ramirohitra</emphasis>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFB44B21FFF3FFF3B08CFB4BFEB6FAB3" author="Major CIF" box="[160,313,1272,1297]" pageId="5" pageNumber="801" pagination="318 - 325" refId="ref15691" refString="Major CIF. 1896 a. Diagnoses of new mammals from Madagascar. Ann Mag Nat Hist. 18 (6): 318 - 325." type="journal article" year="1896">Major (1896a)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
indicated the presence of this species in the lower deposits of the Childrens Cave (Sirabé).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9A36D0FFF3FFF3B0ECFA8DFB99FA3E" blockId="5.[160,1156,475,1436]" pageId="5" pageNumber="801">
In order to verify the presence of one or two species of
<taxonomicName id="4C254D53FFF3FFF3B319FA8DFC41FAF5" authorityName="Major" authorityYear="1896" box="[821,974,1342,1367]" class="Mammalia" family="Nesomyidae" genus="Brachyuromys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="5" pageNumber="801" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B951EAC2FFF3FFF3B319FA8DFC41FAF5" box="[821,974,1342,1367]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="801">Brachyuromys</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the cave and their specific attribution we compared them with modern representatives of the genus. We confirm here the presence of two
<taxonomicName id="4C254D53FFF3FFF3B261FA30FCB1FA3E" box="[589,830,1411,1436]" pageId="5" pageNumber="801">
<emphasis id="B951EAC2FFF3FFF3B261FA30FD69FA3E" box="[589,742,1411,1436]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="801">Brachyuromys</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
in Childrens Cave.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>