treatments-xml/data/B7/11/B2/B711B23FFFD8861DD99DC1F5FA437F6B.xml
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<document id="899B608A9B951D4D5BEC5618C3C24D37" ID-CLB-Dataset="56026" ID-DOI="10.11646/megataxa.3.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="1ece557d-068b-465b-809e-0fc1110035b3" ID-ISSN="2703-3090" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6422776" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1614076789781" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Nakayama, Naohide" docDate="2020" docId="B711B23FFFD8861DD99DC1F5FA437F6B" docLanguage="en" docName="megataxa.3.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Megataxa 3 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:50B6B96D96A55C21793B52C23E95B310.5:Megataxa.2020-.journal_article" docStyleId="50B6B96D96A55C21793B52C23E95B310" docStyleName="Megataxa.2020-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="5" docTitle="Macrouridae Bonaparte 1831" docType="key" docVersion="10" lastPageNumber="16" masterDocId="4B28CA47FFD68612D915C228FFE77D35" masterDocTitle="Grenadiers (Teleostei: Gadiformes: Macrouridae) of Japan and adjacent waters, a taxonomic monograph" masterLastPageNumber="383" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="15" updateTime="1698930971026" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-NC-4.0">
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<mods:title id="496475FC5F6EB7DC7F508294E3CFF85A">Grenadiers (Teleostei: Gadiformes: Macrouridae) of Japan and adjacent waters, a taxonomic monograph</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="640D433328685AA8B55868DD5A431A84">Nakayama, Naohide</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="544C5631E9EA8A3D7C12E94CE2A4F70E">Department of Marine Biology, School of Marine Science and Technology, Tokai University, 3 - 20 - 1 Orido, Shimizu, Shizuoka 424 - 8610, Japan ® naonakayama @ tsc. u-tokai. ac. jp or ®</mods:affiliation>
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<treatment id="B711B23FFFD8861DD99DC1F5FA437F6B" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6449728" ID-GBIF-Taxon="194588030" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6449728" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B711B23FFFD8861DD99DC1F5FA437F6B" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/B711B23FFFD8861DD99DC1F5FA437F6B" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="16" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<subSubSection id="77A250A2FFD8861CD99DC1F5FE62792C" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="3F070329FFD8861CD99DC1F5FE62792C" blockId="14.[136,777,989,1084]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<heading id="644FB445FFD8861CD99DC1F5FE62792C" bold="true" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" reason="4">
<emphasis id="0DCCDF3BFFD8861CD99DC1F5FE62792C" bold="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
Family
<taxonomicName id="F8B878AAFFD8861CD9E9C1F5FD787EC2" ID-CoL="CBQ" ID-ENA="30761" authority="Bonaparte, 1831" authorityName="Bonaparte" authorityYear="1831" box="[252,671,989,1015]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Macrouridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gadiformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">
Macrouridae
<bibRefCitation id="5B297ED8FFD8861CD8A8C1F5FD787EC2" author="Bonaparte, C. L." box="[445,671,989,1015]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="89 - 123" refId="ref282476" refString="Bonaparte, C. L. (1831) Prospetto del sistema generale d' ittiologia. In: Bonaparte, C. L. (1831 - 1832), Saggio di una Distribuzione Metodica degli Animali Vertebrati. Roma, pp. 89 - 123." type="book chapter" year="1831">Bonaparte, 1831</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(sensu Iwamoto
<emphasis id="0DCCDF3BFFD8861CD9EBC628FEDE792F" bold="true" box="[254,313,1023,1050]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">et al.</emphasis>
2015)
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="77A250A2FFD8861CD99DC60AFE397909" box="[136,478,1057,1084]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="vernacular_names">
<paragraph id="3F070329FFD8861CD99DC60AFE397909" blockId="14.[136,777,989,1084]" box="[136,478,1057,1084]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">[Japanese name: Sokodara-ka]</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="77A250A2FFD8861CD99DC64DFD8F78C0" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="3F070329FFD8861CD99DC64DFD8F78C0" blockId="14.[136,778,1125,1662]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<emphasis id="0DCCDF3BFFD8861CD99DC64DFEE5794A" bold="true" box="[136,258,1125,1151]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
Two dorsal fins well separated; first dorsal fin high and short-based; second dorsal fin long-based, poorly developed throughout its length; anal fin similar to, but usually much deeper than second dorsal fin; pelvic fin well developed with 5 or more soft rays; tail greatly elongate, without either caudal fin or caudal peduncle (pseudocaudal occasionally present and variously developed); mouth usually inferior to subterminal (rarely terminal); outermost gill slits restricted by skin folds attached to upper and lower ends of gill arch; gill rakers tubercular, not slender or lath-like; posttemporal fossa absent; body scales almost always ctenoid.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="77A250A2FFD8861CD9A8C7D6FE0A7B4B" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="3F070329FFD8861CD9A8C7D6FE0A7B4B" blockId="14.[136,778,1125,1662]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<emphasis id="0DCCDF3BFFD8861CD9A8C7D6FED67B2D" bold="true" box="[189,305,1534,1560]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Remarks.</emphasis>
This study confirms the occurrence of 76 grenadier species belonging to 18 genera from
<collectingCountry id="47AF43B9FFD8861CDBDFC408FCED7B0F" box="[714,778,1568,1594]" name="Japan" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Japan</collectingCountry>
and adjacent waters, of which 70 species in 15 genera are recognized within Japans EEZ.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="77A250A2FFD8861CD99DC4E2FEA97A33" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="multiple">
<paragraph id="3F070329FFD8861CD99DC4E2FEA97A33" blockId="14.[136,777,1737,1798]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<heading id="644FB445FFD8861CD99DC4E2FEA97A33" bold="true" centered="true" fontSize="36" level="2" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" reason="3">
<emphasis id="0DCCDF3BFFD8861CD99DC4E2FEA97A33" bold="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
Key to genera of grenadiers from
<collectingCountry id="47AF43B9FFD8861CDB6FC4E2FD207BD1" box="[634,711,1738,1764]" name="Japan" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Japan</collectingCountry>
and adjacent waters
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
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<key id="4B295418FFD8861DD99DC51BFA437F6B" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="16" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
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<paragraph id="3F070329FFD8861CD99DC51BFCE47AE4" blockId="14.[136,778,1843,2069]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<keyLead id="8449A01CFFD8861CD99DC51BFCE47AE4" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<emphasis id="0DCCDF3BFFD8861CD99DC51BFF477A7D" bold="true" box="[136,160,1843,1864]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">1a</emphasis>
Infraorbital and preopercular ridges tightly adjoined, forming continuous bony ridge; preopercular ridge elongate posteroventrally and sharply pointed at posteroventral angle; snout long, protruding well beyond upper jaw, acutely pointed in lateral view in most species .........
<emphasis id="0DCCDF3BFFD8861CDB0AC593FCE47AE4" bold="true" box="[543,771,1979,2001]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<taxonomicName id="F8B878AAFFD8861CDB0AC593FD437AE4" ID-CoL="3RX4" authorityName="Giorna" authorityYear="1809" box="[543,676,1979,2001]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Macrouridae" genus="Coelorinchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gadiformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="0DCCDF3BFFD8861CDB0AC593FD437AE4" bold="true" box="[543,676,1979,2001]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Coelorinchus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(25 spp.)
</emphasis>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3F070329FFD8861CD99DC5F5FA437C1E" blockId="14.[136,778,1843,2069]" lastBlockId="14.[810,1452,176,2069]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<keyLead id="8449A01CFFD8861CD99DC5F5FA437C1E" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<emphasis id="0DCCDF3BFFD8861CD99DC5F5FF467AC7" bold="true" box="[136,161,2013,2034]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">1b</emphasis>
Infraorbital ridge not connected with preopercular ridge, separated by distinct gap; preopercular ridge not elongate posteroventrally nor sharply pointed at posteroventral angle; snout relatively short, moderately to scarcely protruding beyond upper jaw, conical to broadly rounded in lateral view ..............................................................................................
<emphasis id="0DCCDF3BFFD8861CDC8DC33EFA437C1E" bold="true" box="[1432,1444,278,299]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">2</emphasis>
</keyLead>
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<paragraph id="3F070329FFD8861CDA3FC310FA437C5A" blockId="14.[810,1452,176,2069]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<keyLead id="8449A01CFFD8861CDA3FC310FA437C5A" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<emphasis id="0DCCDF3BFFD8861CDA3FC310FCA57C7B" bold="true" box="[810,834,312,334]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">2a</emphasis>
Anus (or periproct, if developed) abutting or only slightly separated from anal-fin origin..............................................
<emphasis id="0DCCDF3BFFD8861CDC8DC372FA437C5A" bold="true" box="[1432,1444,346,367]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">3</emphasis>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3F070329FFD8861CDA3FC354FA427C86" blockId="14.[810,1452,176,2069]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<keyLead id="8449A01CFFD8861CDA3FC354FA427C86" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<emphasis id="0DCCDF3BFFD8861CDA3FC354FCA47CA7" bold="true" box="[810,835,380,402]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">2b</emphasis>
Anus (or periproct, if developed) distinctly separated by several scale rows from anal-fin origin...............................
<emphasis id="0DCCDF3BFFD8861CDC9BC3B6FA427C86" bold="true" box="[1422,1445,414,435]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">11</emphasis>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="844C1B8CFFD8861CDA3FC3E8FA437FF6" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<paragraph id="3F070329FFD8861CDA3FC3E8FA437F68" blockId="14.[810,1452,176,2069]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<keyLead id="8449A01CFFD8861CDA3FC3E8FA437F68" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<emphasis id="0DCCDF3BFFD8861CDA3FC3E8FCA57CE0" bold="true" box="[810,834,448,469]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">3a</emphasis>
Gular region covered with net-like pattern or striation of black epithelium; broad areas of fine (microscopic), parallel, black lines (ventral striae) extending on ventral surfaces of chest, shoulder girdle, and belly, and along each side of isthmus; small lens-like structure of light organ on chest ..................
<emphasis id="0DCCDF3BFFD8861CDC8DC060FA437F68" bold="true" box="[1432,1444,584,605]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">4</emphasis>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3F070329FFD8861CDA3FC042FA437FF6" blockId="14.[810,1452,176,2069]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<keyLead id="8449A01CFFD8861CDA3FC042FA437FF6" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<emphasis id="0DCCDF3BFFD8861CDA3FC042FCA47F4A" bold="true" box="[810,835,618,639]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">3b</emphasis>
Gular region uniformly pale, dusky, dark, or blackish; ventral striae absent; no lens-like structure of light organ on chest anterior to pelvic fins ...........................................................
<emphasis id="0DCCDF3BFFD8861CDC8DC086FA437FF6" bold="true" box="[1432,1444,686,707]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">6</emphasis>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="844C1B8CFFD8861CDA3FC0F9FA437E87" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<paragraph id="3F070329FFD8861CDA3FC0F9FA437E79" blockId="14.[810,1452,176,2069]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<keyLead id="8449A01CFFD8861CDA3FC0F9FA437E79" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<emphasis id="0DCCDF3BFFD8861CDA3FC0F9FCA57FD3" bold="true" box="[810,834,721,742]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">4a</emphasis>
Gular region covered with net-like pattern of black epithelium; nasal bones stout, forming 3 horizontally flattened projections; outer pelvic-fin ray flattened, with narrow ribbon-like flange on free distal portion ...........
<emphasis id="0DCCDF3BFFD8861CDD65C11FFA437E79" bold="true" box="[1136,1444,822,844]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<taxonomicName id="F8B878AAFFD8861CDD65C11FFAE07E79" ID-CoL="7KY5" authorityName="Okamura" authorityYear="1970" box="[1136,1287,823,844]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Macrouridae" genus="Spicomacrurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gadiformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="0DCCDF3BFFD8861CDD65C11FFAE07E79" bold="true" box="[1136,1287,823,844]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Spicomacrurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="F8B878AAFFD8861CDC01C11FFA7A7E79" ID-CoL="4Z2ZQ" baseAuthorityName="Kamohara" baseAuthorityYear="1938" box="[1300,1437,822,844]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Macrouridae" genus="Spicomacrurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gadiformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kuronumai">
<emphasis id="0DCCDF3BFFD8861CDC01C11FFA7A7E79" bold="true" box="[1300,1437,822,844]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">S. kuronumai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
)
</emphasis>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3F070329FFD8861CDA3FC171FA437E87" blockId="14.[810,1452,176,2069]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<keyLead id="8449A01CFFD8861CDA3FC171FA437E87" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<emphasis id="0DCCDF3BFFD8861CDA3FC171FCA47E5B" bold="true" box="[810,835,857,878]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">4b</emphasis>
Gular region covered with striated pattern of black epithelium; nasal bones weak, usually paper-thin, not forming horizontal projections; outer pelvic-fin ray not flattened distally .........
<emphasis id="0DCCDF3BFFD8861CDC8DC1B5FA437E87" bold="true" box="[1432,1444,925,946]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">5</emphasis>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="844C1B8CFFD8861CDA3FC197FA43794A" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<paragraph id="3F070329FFD8861CDA3FC197FA43792D" blockId="14.[810,1452,176,2069]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<keyLead id="8449A01CFFD8861CDA3FC197FA43792D" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<emphasis id="0DCCDF3BFFD8861CDA3FC197FCA57EE1" bold="true" box="[810,834,959,980]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">5a</emphasis>
Second spinous ray of first dorsal fin smooth along its leading edge; trunk moderately deep, laterally compressed in cross section ..........................................
<emphasis id="0DCCDF3BFFD8861CDDB3C62AFA43792D" bold="true" box="[1190,1444,1026,1048]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<taxonomicName id="F8B878AAFFD8861CDDB3C62AFAB5792D" ID-CoL="526Y" authorityName="Giglioli" authorityYear="1884" box="[1190,1362,1026,1048]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Macrouridae" genus="Hymenocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gadiformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="0DCCDF3BFFD8861CDDB3C62AFAB5792D" bold="true" box="[1190,1362,1026,1048]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Hymenocephalus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(6 spp.)
</emphasis>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3F070329FFD8861CDA3FC60DFA43794A" blockId="14.[810,1452,176,2069]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<keyLead id="8449A01CFFD8861CDA3FC60DFA43794A" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<emphasis id="0DCCDF3BFFD8861CDA3FC60DFCA4790F" bold="true" box="[810,835,1061,1082]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">5b</emphasis>
Second spinous ray of first dorsal fin serrated along its leading edge; trunk shallow, almost cylindrical in cross section ......... ....................................................
<emphasis id="0DCCDF3BFFD8861CDD8DC640FA43794A" bold="true" box="[1176,1444,1128,1151]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<taxonomicName id="F8B878AAFFD8861CDD8DC640FAC0794B" ID-CoL="527N" authorityName="Gilbert &amp; Hubbs" authorityYear="1920" box="[1176,1319,1128,1150]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Macrouridae" genus="Hymenogadus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gadiformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="0DCCDF3BFFD8861CDD8DC640FAC0794B" bold="true" box="[1176,1319,1128,1150]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Hymenogadus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="F8B878AAFFD8861CDC21C641FA7B794B" ID-CoL="3NJRM" baseAuthorityName="Gilbert &amp; Hubbs" baseAuthorityYear="1920" box="[1332,1436,1128,1150]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Macrouridae" genus="Hymenogadus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gadiformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gracilis">
<emphasis id="0DCCDF3BFFD8861CDC21C641FA7B794B" bold="true" box="[1332,1436,1128,1150]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">H. gracilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
)
</emphasis>
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<paragraph id="3F070329FFD8861CDA3FC6A3FA437832" blockId="14.[810,1452,176,2069]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<keyLead id="8449A01CFFD8861CDA3FC6A3FA437832" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<emphasis id="0DCCDF3BFFD8861CDA3FC6A3FCA57995" bold="true" box="[810,834,1163,1184]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">6a</emphasis>
Ventral aspects of body well forward so that anal-fin origin distinctly anterior to hind margin of first dorsal-fin base; scales on infraorbital ridge modified into coarsely spinulated, adherent scutes ............... *
<emphasis id="0DCCDF3BFFD8861CDD74C6D8FA437832" bold="true" box="[1121,1444,1264,1287]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<taxonomicName id="F8B878AAFFD8861CDD74C6D8FAED7833" ID-CoL="7KN4" authorityName="Fowler" authorityYear="1925" box="[1121,1290,1264,1286]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Macrouridae" genus="Sphagemacrurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gadiformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="0DCCDF3BFFD8861CDD74C6D8FAED7833" bold="true" box="[1121,1290,1264,1286]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Sphagemacrurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="F8B878AAFFD8861CDC0DC6D9FA7A7833" ID-CoL="4YT4G" baseAuthorityName="Alcock" baseAuthorityYear="1894" box="[1304,1437,1264,1286]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Macrouridae" genus="Sphagemacrurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gadiformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pumiliceps">
<emphasis id="0DCCDF3BFFD8861CDC0DC6D9FA7A7833" bold="true" box="[1304,1437,1264,1286]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">S. pumiliceps</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
)
</emphasis>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3F070329FFD8861CDA3FC73BFA4378BB" blockId="14.[810,1452,176,2069]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<keyLead id="8449A01CFFD8861CDA3FC73BFA4378BB" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<emphasis id="0DCCDF3BFFD8861CDA3FC73BFCA4781D" bold="true" box="[810,835,1299,1320]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">6b</emphasis>
Ventral aspects of body not well forward, and anal-fin origin below or posterior to hind margin of first dorsal-fin base; scales on infraorbital ridge normal or only slightly thickened ..............................................................................................
<emphasis id="0DCCDF3BFFD8861CDC8DC751FA4378BB" bold="true" box="[1432,1444,1401,1422]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">7</emphasis>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="844C1B8CFFD8861CDA3FC7B3FA437BD7" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<paragraph id="3F070329FFD8861CDA3FC7B3FA437B0C" blockId="14.[810,1452,176,2069]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<keyLead id="8449A01CFFD8861CDA3FC7B3FA437B0C" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<emphasis id="0DCCDF3BFFD8861CDA3FC7B3FCA57885" bold="true" box="[810,834,1435,1456]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">7a</emphasis>
Second spinous ray of first dorsal fin smooth along its leading edge; periproct large, occupying more than half of distance between inner pelvic-fin bases to anal-fin origin; scales along anterior part of anal-fin base enlarged ................................... ......................................................
<emphasis id="0DCCDF3BFFD8861CDDBCC40BFA437B0C" bold="true" box="[1193,1444,1571,1593]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<taxonomicName id="F8B878AAFFD8861CDDBCC40BFACC7B0C" ID-CoL="63VYK" authorityName="Gunther" authorityYear="1887" box="[1193,1323,1571,1593]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Macrouridae" genus="Trachonurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gadiformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="0DCCDF3BFFD8861CDDBCC40BFACC7B0C" bold="true" box="[1193,1323,1571,1593]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Trachonurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="F8B878AAFFD8861CDC2CC40BFA7A7B0C" ID-CoL="57PJN" baseAuthorityName="Gunther" baseAuthorityYear="1877" box="[1337,1437,1571,1593]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Macrouridae" genus="Trachonurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gadiformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="villosus">
<emphasis id="0DCCDF3BFFD8861CDC2CC40BFA7A7B0C" bold="true" box="[1337,1437,1571,1593]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">T. villosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
)
</emphasis>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3F070329FFD8861CDA3FC46DFA437BD7" blockId="14.[810,1452,176,2069]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<keyLead id="8449A01CFFD8861CDA3FC46DFA437BD7" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<emphasis id="0DCCDF3BFFD8861CDA3FC46DFCA47B6F" bold="true" box="[810,835,1605,1626]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">7b</emphasis>
Second spinous ray of first dorsal fin serrated along its leading edge; periproct small, its anterior margin far posterior to midway between inner pelvic-fin bases and anal-fin origin; scales along anterior part of anal-fin base not especially enlarged ................................................................................
<emphasis id="0DCCDF3BFFD8861CDC8DC4E5FA437BD7" bold="true" box="[1432,1444,1741,1762]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">8</emphasis>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="844C1B8CFFD8861CDA3FC4C7FA437A9B" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<paragraph id="3F070329FFD8861CDA3FC4C7FA437A7C" blockId="14.[810,1452,176,2069]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<keyLead id="8449A01CFFD8861CDA3FC4C7FA437A7C" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<emphasis id="0DCCDF3BFFD8861CDA3FC4C7FCA57A31" bold="true" box="[810,834,1775,1796]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">8a</emphasis>
Head massive, soft, inflated, and broad; scales along anterior part of second dorsal-fin base enlarged.................................. .......................................................
<emphasis id="0DCCDF3BFFD8861CDDBBC51BFA437A7C" bold="true" box="[1198,1444,1843,1865]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<taxonomicName id="F8B878AAFFD8861CDDBBC51BFAF17A7D" ID-CoL="3LCT" authorityName="Gunther" authorityYear="1887" box="[1198,1302,1843,1864]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Macrouridae" genus="Cetonurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gadiformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="0DCCDF3BFFD8861CDDBBC51BFAF17A7D" bold="true" box="[1198,1302,1843,1864]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Cetonurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="F8B878AAFFD8861CDC31C51BFA7B7A7C" ID-CoL="T6Z3" authorityName=": Goode &amp; Bean" authorityYear="1896" box="[1316,1436,1843,1865]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Macrouridae" genus="Cetonurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gadiformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="globiceps">
<emphasis id="0DCCDF3BFFD8861CDC31C51BFA7B7A7C" bold="true" box="[1316,1436,1843,1865]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">C. globiceps</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
)
</emphasis>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3F070329FFD8861CDA3FC57DFA437A9B" blockId="14.[810,1452,176,2069]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<keyLead id="8449A01CFFD8861CDA3FC57DFA437A9B" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<emphasis id="0DCCDF3BFFD8861CDA3FC57DFCA47A5F" bold="true" box="[810,835,1877,1898]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">8b</emphasis>
Head not inflated, moderately compressed laterally; scales along anterior part of second dorsal-fin base not especially enlarged ................................................................................
<emphasis id="0DCCDF3BFFD8861CDC8DC5B1FA437A9B" bold="true" box="[1432,1444,1945,1966]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">9</emphasis>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="844C1B8CFFD8861DDA3FC593FCE47C3C" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="16" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<paragraph id="3F070329FFD8861CDA3FC593FA437520" blockId="14.[810,1452,176,2069]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<keyLead id="8449A01CFFD8861CDA3FC593FA437520" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<emphasis id="0DCCDF3BFFD8861CDA3FC593FCA57AE5" bold="true" box="[810,834,1979,2000]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">9a</emphasis>
Periproct absent or rudimentary; reticulate structure absent on unexposed portion of body scales; branchiostegal rays 6 ...... ......................................................
<emphasis id="0DCCDF3BFFD8861CDDB3C5D7FA437520" bold="true" box="[1190,1444,2047,2069]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<taxonomicName id="F8B878AAFFD8861CDDB3C5D7FAA17520" ID-CoL="62NXJ" authorityName="Gunnerus" authorityYear="1765" box="[1190,1350,2047,2069]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Macrouridae" genus="Coryphaenoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gadiformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="0DCCDF3BFFD8861CDDB3C5D7FAA17520" bold="true" box="[1190,1350,2047,2069]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Coryphaenoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(15 spp.)
</emphasis>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3F070329FFD9861DD99DC298FCE47C3C" blockId="15.[136,778,176,2069]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<keyLead id="8449A01CFFD9861DD99DC298FCE47C3C" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<emphasis id="0DCCDF3BFFD9861DD99DC298FF467DF3" bold="true" box="[136,161,176,198]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">9b</emphasis>
Periproct narrow but distinct; reticulate structure broadly developed on unexposed portion of body scales; branchiostegal rays 78..............................................................................
<emphasis id="0DCCDF3BFFD9861DDBFEC2DCFCE47C3C" bold="true" box="[747,771,244,265]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">10</emphasis>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="844C1B8CFFD9861DD99DC33EFCE47F97" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<paragraph id="3F070329FFD9861DD99DC33EFCE47CE3" blockId="15.[136,778,176,2069]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<keyLead id="8449A01CFFD9861DD99DC33EFCE47CE3" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<emphasis id="0DCCDF3BFFD9861DD99DC33EFF4B7C1E" bold="true" box="[136,172,278,299]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">10a</emphasis>
Dorsal surface of snout broadly naked anterior to line connecting lateral angles of snout; underside of head almost completely naked; posterior margin of upper jaw extending to vertical through hind rim of orbit or beyond; spinules on body scales arranged in widely spaced subparallel to slightly divergent rows.....................
<emphasis id="0DCCDF3BFFD9861DD8C2C3E8FCE47CE3" bold="true" box="[471,771,448,470]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<taxonomicName id="F8B878AAFFD9861DD8C2C3E8FD6F7CE3" ID-CoL="34GH" authorityName="Sazonov &amp; Shcherbachev" authorityYear="1982" box="[471,648,448,470]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Macrouridae" genus="Asthenomacrurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gadiformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="0DCCDF3BFFD9861DD8C2C3E8FD6F7CE3" bold="true" box="[471,648,448,470]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Asthenomacrurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="F8B878AAFFD9861DDB82C3E9FD1C7CE0" ID-CoL="67W9Z" authorityName=", Sazonov &amp; Shcherbachev" authorityYear="1982" box="[663,763,448,470]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Macrouridae" genus="Asthenomacrurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gadiformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="victoris">
<emphasis id="0DCCDF3BFFD9861DDB82C3E9FD1C7CE0" bold="true" box="[663,763,448,470]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">A. victoris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
)
</emphasis>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3F070329FFD9861DD99DC3CAFCE47F97" blockId="15.[136,778,176,2069]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<keyLead id="8449A01CFFD9861DD99DC3CAFCE47F97" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<emphasis id="0DCCDF3BFFD9861DD99DC3CAFF4A7CC2" bold="true" box="[136,173,482,503]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">10b</emphasis>
Dorsal surface of snout fully scaled; naked areas on underside of head confined to area above upper lip and anterior portions of mandibular rami; posterior margin of upper jaw not reaching vertical through hind rim of orbit; spinules on body scales arranged in quincunx order ........................................ .......................................................
<emphasis id="0DCCDF3BFFD9861DDB00C0A4FCE47F97" bold="true" box="[533,771,652,674]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<taxonomicName id="F8B878AAFFD9861DDB00C0A4FD567F97" ID-CoL="72TF" authorityName="Okamura" authorityYear="1970" box="[533,689,652,674]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Macrouridae" genus="Pseudonezumia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gadiformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="0DCCDF3BFFD9861DDB00C0A4FD567F97" bold="true" box="[533,689,652,674]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Pseudonezumia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(2 spp.)
</emphasis>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="844C1B8CFFD9861DD99DC086FCE47E5B" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<paragraph id="3F070329FFD9861DD99DC086FCE47E3D" blockId="15.[136,778,176,2069]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<keyLead id="8449A01CFFD9861DD99DC086FCE47E3D" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<emphasis id="0DCCDF3BFFD9861DD99DC086FF4C7FF1" bold="true" box="[136,171,686,708]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">11a</emphasis>
Premaxillary teeth fang-like, arranged in 1 distinct row; chin barbel absent; trunk strongly compressed............................. ............................................
<emphasis id="0DCCDF3BFFD9861DD8C3C0DAFCE47E3D" bold="true" box="[470,771,754,776]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<taxonomicName id="F8B878AAFFD9861DD8C3C0DAFD987E3D" ID-CoL="66Y4" authorityName="Norman" authorityYear="1939" box="[470,639,754,776]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Macrouridae" genus="Odontomacrurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gadiformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="0DCCDF3BFFD9861DD8C3C0DAFD987E3D" bold="true" box="[470,639,754,776]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Odontomacrurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="F8B878AAFFD9861DDB98C0DBFD1C7E3D" ID-CoL="48QD3" authorityName="Norman" authorityYear="1939" box="[653,763,755,776]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Macrouridae" genus="Odontomacrurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gadiformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="murrayi">
<emphasis id="0DCCDF3BFFD9861DDB98C0DBFD1C7E3D" bold="true" box="[653,763,755,776]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">O. murrayi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
)
</emphasis>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3F070329FFD9861DD99DC13DFCE47E5B" blockId="15.[136,778,176,2069]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<keyLead id="8449A01CFFD9861DD99DC13DFCE47E5B" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<emphasis id="0DCCDF3BFFD9861DD99DC13DFF4B7E1F" bold="true" box="[136,172,789,810]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">11b</emphasis>
Premaxillary teeth not fang-like, relatively small, arranged in 2 or more rows; chin barbel present, variously developed; trunk moderately compressed ...........................................
<emphasis id="0DCCDF3BFFD9861DDBFEC171FCE47E5B" bold="true" box="[747,771,857,878]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">12</emphasis>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="844C1B8CFFD9861DD99DC153FCE4792D" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<paragraph id="3F070329FFD9861DD99DC153FCE47E87" blockId="15.[136,778,176,2069]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<keyLead id="8449A01CFFD9861DD99DC153FCE47E87" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<emphasis id="0DCCDF3BFFD9861DD99DC153FF4B7EA5" bold="true" box="[136,172,891,912]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">12a</emphasis>
Second spinous ray of first dorsal fin smooth along its leading edge; mandibular teeth arranged in 1 or 2 rows ...............
<emphasis id="0DCCDF3BFFD9861DDBFEC1B5FCE47E87" bold="true" box="[747,771,925,946]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">13</emphasis>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3F070329FFD9861DD99DC197FCE4792D" blockId="15.[136,778,176,2069]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<keyLead id="8449A01CFFD9861DD99DC197FCE4792D" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<emphasis id="0DCCDF3BFFD9861DD99DC197FF4A7EE1" bold="true" box="[136,173,959,980]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">12b</emphasis>
Second spinous ray of first dorsal fin variously serrated along its leading edge; mandibular teeth arranged in narrow to wide band......................................................................
<emphasis id="0DCCDF3BFFD9861DDBFEC62BFCE4792D" bold="true" box="[747,771,1027,1048]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">15</emphasis>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="844C1B8CFFD9861DD99DC60DFCE47995" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<paragraph id="3F070329FFD9861DD99DC60DFD13794A" blockId="15.[136,778,176,2069]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<keyLead id="8449A01CFFD9861DD99DC60DFD13794A" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<emphasis id="0DCCDF3BFFD9861DD99DC60DFF4B790F" bold="true" box="[136,172,1061,1082]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">13a</emphasis>
Mandibular teeth arranged in 2 irregular rows, with inner row slightly enlarged ............................................................ *
<emphasis id="0DCCDF3BFFD9861DD9C4C640FD13794A" bold="true" box="[209,756,1128,1151]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<taxonomicName id="F8B878AAFFD9861DD9C4C640FEDB794B" ID-CoL="647LR" authorityName="Gilbert &amp; Hubbs" authorityYear="1920" box="[209,316,1128,1150]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Macrouridae" genus="Ventrifossa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gadiformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="0DCCDF3BFFD9861DD9C4C640FEDB794B" bold="true" box="[209,316,1128,1150]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Ventrifossa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(in part; subgenus
<taxonomicName id="F8B878AAFFD9861DD8ECC640FDBC794B" authorityName="Gilbert &amp; Hubbs" authorityYear="1920" box="[505,603,1128,1150]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Macrouridae" genus="Atherodus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gadiformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="0DCCDF3BFFD9861DD8ECC640FDBC794B" bold="true" box="[505,603,1128,1150]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Atherodus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
:
<taxonomicName id="F8B878AAFFD9861DDB7DC641FD0A794B" ID-CoL="7FNCN" authorityName="Okamura" authorityYear="1982" box="[616,749,1129,1150]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Macrouridae" genus="Ventrifossa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gadiformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="macroptera">
<emphasis id="0DCCDF3BFFD9861DDB7DC641FD0A794B" bold="true" box="[616,749,1129,1150]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">V. macroptera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
)
</emphasis>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3F070329FFD9861DD99DC6A3FCE47995" blockId="15.[136,778,176,2069]" box="[136,771,1163,1185]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<keyLead id="8449A01CFFD9861DD99DC6A3FCE47995" box="[136,771,1163,1185]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<emphasis id="0DCCDF3BFFD9861DD99DC6A3FF4A7995" bold="true" box="[136,173,1163,1184]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">13b</emphasis>
Mandibular teeth arranged in 1 distinct row.....................
<emphasis id="0DCCDF3BFFD9861DDBFEC6A3FCE47995" bold="true" box="[747,771,1163,1184]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">14</emphasis>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="844C1B8CFFD9861DD99DC685FCE47884" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<paragraph id="3F070329FFD9861DD99DC685FCE4781C" blockId="15.[136,778,176,2069]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<keyLead id="8449A01CFFD9861DD99DC685FCE4781C" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<emphasis id="0DCCDF3BFFD9861DD99DC685FF4B79F7" bold="true" box="[136,172,1197,1218]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">14a</emphasis>
Anterior dermal window of light organ large, bean-shaped, laterally expanded; mandibular teeth widely spaced canines; lower portion of gill membranes narrowly scaled along branchiostegal rays .......
<emphasis id="0DCCDF3BFFD9861DD8A7C73AFCE4781C" bold="true" box="[434,771,1298,1321]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<taxonomicName id="F8B878AAFFD9861DD8A7C73AFDB2781D" ID-CoL="5KCH" authorityName="Gunther" authorityYear="1862" box="[434,597,1298,1320]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Macrouridae" genus="Malacocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gadiformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="0DCCDF3BFFD9861DD8A7C73AFDB2781D" bold="true" box="[434,597,1298,1320]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Malacocephalus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="F8B878AAFFD9861DDB76C73BFD1C781D" ID-CoL="3XKFT" authorityName="Gilbert &amp; Hubbs" authorityYear="1916" box="[611,763,1299,1320]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Macrouridae" genus="Malacocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gadiformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nipponensis">
<emphasis id="0DCCDF3BFFD9861DDB76C73BFD1C781D" bold="true" box="[611,763,1299,1320]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">M. nipponensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
)
</emphasis>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3F070329FFD9861DD99DC71DFCE47884" blockId="15.[136,778,176,2069]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<keyLead id="8449A01CFFD9861DD99DC71DFCE47884" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<emphasis id="0DCCDF3BFFD9861DD99DC71DFF4A787F" bold="true" box="[136,173,1333,1354]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">14b</emphasis>
Anterior dermal window of light organ small and circular; mandibular teeth small, not enlarged, tightly arranged; branchiostegal membranes entirely naked............................. ...................................
<emphasis id="0DCCDF3BFFD9861DD8B5C7B3FCE47884" bold="true" box="[416,771,1435,1457]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<taxonomicName id="F8B878AAFFD9861DD8B5C7B3FDAC7884" ID-CoL="6ZJ4" authorityName="Sazonov &amp; Shcherbachev" authorityYear="1982" box="[416,587,1435,1457]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Macrouridae" genus="Pseudocetonurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gadiformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="0DCCDF3BFFD9861DD8B5C7B3FDAC7884" bold="true" box="[416,587,1435,1457]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Pseudocetonurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<emphasis id="0DCCDF3BFFD9861DDB4CC7B3FD8C7885" bold="true" box="[601,619,1435,1456]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">P.</emphasis>
sp.
<taxonomicName id="F8B878AAFFD9861DDB86C7B3FD1D7884" ID-CoL="4NSZF" authorityName="Sazonov &amp; Shcherbachev" authorityYear="1982" box="[659,762,1435,1457]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Macrouridae" genus="Pseudocetonurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gadiformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="septifer">
cf.
<emphasis id="0DCCDF3BFFD9861DDBA4C7B3FD1D7884" bold="true" box="[689,762,1435,1457]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">septifer</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
)
</emphasis>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="844C1B8CFFD9861DD99DC795FCE47B0D" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<paragraph id="3F070329FFD9861DD99DC795FCE478C0" blockId="15.[136,778,176,2069]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<keyLead id="8449A01CFFD9861DD99DC795FCE478C0" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<emphasis id="0DCCDF3BFFD9861DD99DC795FF4B78E7" bold="true" box="[136,172,1469,1490]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">15a</emphasis>
Dorsal surface of snout broadly naked anterior to line connecting lateral angles of snout.......
<emphasis id="0DCCDF3BFFD9861DDB26C7F7FCE478C0" bold="true" box="[563,771,1503,1525]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<taxonomicName id="F8B878AAFFD9861DDB26C7F7FD9C78C0" ID-CoL="59C9" authorityName="Marshall" authorityYear="1973" box="[563,635,1503,1525]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Macrouridae" genus="Kumba" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gadiformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="0DCCDF3BFFD9861DDB26C7F7FD9C78C0" bold="true" box="[563,635,1503,1525]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Kumba</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="F8B878AAFFD9861DDB9CC7F7FD1D78C1" ID-CoL="4P544" authorityName=": Okamura" authorityYear="1970" box="[649,762,1503,1524]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Macrouridae" genus="Pseudonezumia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gadiformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="japonica">
<emphasis id="0DCCDF3BFFD9861DDB9CC7F7FD1D78C1" bold="true" box="[649,762,1503,1524]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">K. japonica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
)
</emphasis>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3F070329FFD9861DD99DC429FCE47B0D" blockId="15.[136,778,176,2069]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<keyLead id="8449A01CFFD9861DD99DC429FCE47B0D" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<emphasis id="0DCCDF3BFFD9861DD99DC429FF4A7B23" bold="true" box="[136,173,1537,1558]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">15b</emphasis>
Dorsal surface of snout completely or almost completely scaled ................................................................................
<emphasis id="0DCCDF3BFFD9861DDBFEC40BFCE47B0D" bold="true" box="[747,771,1571,1592]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">16</emphasis>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="844C1B8CFFD9861DD99DC46DFCE47BAB" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<paragraph id="3F070329FFD9861DD99DC46DFCE47B49" blockId="15.[136,778,176,2069]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<keyLead id="8449A01CFFD9861DD99DC46DFCE47B49" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<emphasis id="0DCCDF3BFFD9861DD99DC46DFF4B7B6F" bold="true" box="[136,172,1605,1626]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">16a</emphasis>
Scales on infraorbital ridge modified into coarsely spinulated, adherent scutes..................................................................
<emphasis id="0DCCDF3BFFD9861DDBFEC44FFCE47B49" bold="true" box="[747,771,1639,1660]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">17</emphasis>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3F070329FFD9861DD99DC4A1FCE47BAB" blockId="15.[136,778,176,2069]" box="[136,771,1673,1695]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<keyLead id="8449A01CFFD9861DD99DC4A1FCE47BAB" box="[136,771,1673,1695]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<emphasis id="0DCCDF3BFFD9861DD99DC4A1FF4A7BAB" bold="true" box="[136,173,1673,1694]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">16b</emphasis>
Scales on infraorbital ridge not especially modified ........
<emphasis id="0DCCDF3BFFD9861DDBFEC4A1FCE47BAB" bold="true" box="[747,771,1673,1694]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">18</emphasis>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="844C1B8CFFD9861DD99DC483FCE47A9A" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<paragraph id="3F070329FFD9861DD99DC483FCE47A12" blockId="15.[136,778,176,2069]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<keyLead id="8449A01CFFD9861DD99DC483FCE47A12" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<emphasis id="0DCCDF3BFFD9861DD99DC483FF4B7BF5" bold="true" box="[136,172,1707,1728]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">17a</emphasis>
Anus closer to pelvic-fin bases than to anal-fin origin; ventral aspects of body not positioned forward, and anal-fin origin below or posterior to hind margin of first dorsal-fin base .... ..................................................................
<emphasis id="0DCCDF3BFFD9861DDB4CC539FD587A12" bold="true" box="[601,703,1809,1831]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<taxonomicName id="F8B878AAFFD9861DDB4CC539FD567A13" ID-CoL="63VH" authorityName="Jordan in Jordan &amp; Starks" authorityYear="1904" box="[601,689,1809,1830]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Macrouridae" genus="Nezumia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gadiformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="0DCCDF3BFFD9861DDB4CC539FD567A13" bold="true" box="[601,689,1809,1830]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Nezumia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
</emphasis>
7
<emphasis id="0DCCDF3BFFD9861DDBC4C539FCE47A12" bold="true" box="[721,771,1809,1831]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">spp.)</emphasis>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3F070329FFD9861DD99DC51BFCE47A9A" blockId="15.[136,778,176,2069]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<keyLead id="8449A01CFFD9861DD99DC51BFCE47A9A" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<emphasis id="0DCCDF3BFFD9861DD99DC51BFF4A7A7D" bold="true" box="[136,173,1843,1864]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">17b</emphasis>
Anus closer to anal-fin origin than to pelvic-fin bases; ventral aspects of body positioned forward so that anal-fin origin distinctly anterior to hind margin of first dorsal-fin base ...... ...................................... *
<emphasis id="0DCCDF3BFFD9861DD8AAC5B1FCE47A9A" bold="true" box="[447,771,1945,1967]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<taxonomicName id="F8B878AAFFD9861DD8AAC5B1FD8F7A9A" ID-CoL="7KN4" authorityName="Fowler" authorityYear="1925" box="[447,616,1945,1967]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Macrouridae" genus="Sphagemacrurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gadiformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="0DCCDF3BFFD9861DD8AAC5B1FD8F7A9A" bold="true" box="[447,616,1945,1967]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Sphagemacrurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="F8B878AAFFD9861DDB62C5B1FD1C7A9A" ID-CoL="4YT4G" baseAuthorityName="Alcock" baseAuthorityYear="1894" box="[631,763,1945,1967]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Macrouridae" genus="Sphagemacrurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gadiformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pumiliceps">
<emphasis id="0DCCDF3BFFD9861DDB62C5B1FD1C7A9A" bold="true" box="[631,763,1945,1967]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">S. pumiliceps</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
)
</emphasis>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="844C1B8CFFD9861DD99DC593FA437C78" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<paragraph id="3F070329FFD9861DD99DC593FBCF7DDD" blockId="15.[136,778,176,2069]" lastBlockId="15.[810,1452,176,606]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<keyLead id="8449A01CFFD9861DD99DC593FBCF7DDD" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<emphasis id="0DCCDF3BFFD9861DD99DC593FF4B7AE5" bold="true" box="[136,172,1979,2000]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">18a</emphasis>
Posterior margin of upper jaw extending beyond vertical through midorbit; posterior end of premaxillary tooth band extending beyond hind margin of maxillary process............ ................*
<emphasis id="0DCCDF3BFFD9861DDACCC298FBCF7DDD" bold="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<taxonomicName id="F8B878AAFFD9861DDACCC298FBAF7DF3" ID-CoL="647LR" authorityName="Gilbert &amp; Hubbs" authorityYear="1920" box="[985,1096,176,198]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Macrouridae" genus="Ventrifossa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gadiformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="0DCCDF3BFFD9861DDACCC298FBAF7DF3" bold="true" box="[985,1096,176,198]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Ventrifossa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(in part; subgenera
<taxonomicName id="F8B878AAFFD9861DDC0AC298FA997DF3" authorityName="Iwamoto" authorityYear="1979" box="[1311,1406,176,198]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Macrouridae" genus="Sokodara" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gadiformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="0DCCDF3BFFD9861DDC0AC298FA997DF3" bold="true" box="[1311,1406,176,198]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Sokodara</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="F8B878AAFFD9861DDA72C2FAFC317DDD" ID-CoL="647LR" authorityName="Gilbert &amp; Hubbs" authorityYear="1920" box="[871,982,210,232]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Macrouridae" genus="Ventrifossa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gadiformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="0DCCDF3BFFD9861DDA72C2FAFC317DDD" bold="true" box="[871,982,210,232]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Ventrifossa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: 7 spp.)
</emphasis>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3F070329FFD9861DDA3FC2DCFA437C78" blockId="15.[810,1452,176,606]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<keyLead id="8449A01CFFD9861DDA3FC2DCFA437C78" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<emphasis id="0DCCDF3BFFD9861DDA3FC2DCFCA87C3F" bold="true" box="[810,847,244,266]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">18b</emphasis>
Posterior margin of upper jaw not or barely reaching vertical through midorbit; posterior end of premaxillary tooth band falling short of hind margin of maxillary process.............
<emphasis id="0DCCDF3BFFD9861DDC99C310FA437C78" bold="true" box="[1420,1444,312,333]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">19</emphasis>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="844C1B8CFFD9861DDA3FC372FA437F6B" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<paragraph id="3F070329FFD9861DDA3FC372FA437CE3" blockId="15.[810,1452,176,606]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<keyLead id="8449A01CFFD9861DDA3FC372FA437CE3" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<emphasis id="0DCCDF3BFFD9861DDA3FC372FCA97C45" bold="true" box="[810,846,346,368]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">19a</emphasis>
Reticulate structure present on unexposed portion of body scales; body uniformly dark to blackish; posterior dermal window of light organ scarcely discernible externally ......... ..........................................................
<emphasis id="0DCCDF3BFFD9861DDDD9C3E8FA437CE3" bold="true" box="[1228,1444,448,470]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<taxonomicName id="F8B878AAFFD9861DDDD9C3E8FAB47CE0" ID-CoL="59FH" authorityName="Iwamoto" authorityYear="1974" box="[1228,1363,448,469]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Macrouridae" genus="Kuronezumia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gadiformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="0DCCDF3BFFD9861DDDD9C3E8FAB47CE0" bold="true" box="[1228,1363,448,469]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Kuronezumia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(2 spp.)
</emphasis>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3F070329FFD9861DDA3FC3CAFA437F6B" blockId="15.[810,1452,176,606]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<keyLead id="8449A01CFFD9861DDA3FC3CAFA437F6B" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<emphasis id="0DCCDF3BFFD9861DDA3FC3CAFCA87CCD" bold="true" box="[810,847,482,504]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">19b</emphasis>
Reticulate structure absent on body scales; body pale to dusky; posterior dermal window of light organ prominent, much larger than anterior window ........................................ .........................................
<emphasis id="0DCCDF3BFFD9861DDD70C060FA437F6B" bold="true" box="[1125,1444,584,606]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<taxonomicName id="F8B878AAFFD9861DDD70C060FB2A7F6B" ID-CoL="5H5L" authorityName="Gilbert &amp; Hubbs" authorityYear="1920" box="[1125,1229,584,606]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Macrouridae" genus="Lucigadus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gadiformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="0DCCDF3BFFD9861DDD70C060FB2A7F6B" bold="true" box="[1125,1229,584,606]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Lucigadus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="F8B878AAFFD9861DDDCEC061FA7A7F68" ID-CoL="3WBQ3" box="[1243,1437,584,606]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Macrouridae" genus="Lucigadus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gadiformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nigromarginatus">
<emphasis id="0DCCDF3BFFD9861DDDCEC061FA7A7F68" bold="true" box="[1243,1437,584,606]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">L. nigromarginatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
)
</emphasis>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
</key>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>