176 lines
16 KiB
XML
176 lines
16 KiB
XML
<document id="78AEFCFC58CFDF85436A992F7049628F" ID-CLB-Dataset="33801" ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.239.3734" ID-GBIF-Dataset="58b3b015-a919-456b-9175-f96878341e31" ID-PMC="PMC3497256" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-239-1" ID-PubMed="23226711" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2012" ModsDocID="1313-2970-239-1" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 239" ModsDocTitle="Polyaxone monaxonids: revision of raspailiid sponges with polyactine megascleres ( Cyamon and Trikentrion)" checkinTime="1451248578713" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Soest, Rob van, Carballo, Jose Luis & Hooper, John" docDate="2012" docId="5BC4D4DF2CB541D5A7629D93E68E7D0B" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 239: 1-70" docOrigin="ZooKeys 239" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.239.3734" docTitle="Cyamon aruense Hentschel 1912" docType="treatment" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="21" masterDocId="3639FF9B0F54FFEACF6A573ADC3CDF3D" masterDocTitle="Polyaxone monaxonids: revision of raspailiid sponges with polyactine megascleres (Cyamon and Trikentrion)" masterLastPageNumber="70" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="21" updateTime="1732685788563" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="BB20042BF5CE03F6B3BDCF070498D6E2">Polyaxone monaxonids: revision of raspailiid sponges with polyactine megascleres (Cyamon and Trikentrion)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="FFD3BC55A7717D0F347E87E3DACB935E">Soest, Rob van</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="971C8A37FFAEA84321A7D77A54CF70D2">Carballo, Jose Luis</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="B2DA8D871A5F0A8E28BE6BE441C7BBCB">Hooper, John</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="154E30BDFEAC12A312101D80D296F72A">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:date id="EED8454CAB6320D96478999D8611C3F9">2012</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="8DDBBDFA3BA8FAA9EC2CB7DE2E43ED04">239</mods:number>
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<mods:url id="0721B6153F7FB6989D7A9807EB378C5A">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.239.3734</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="EB3A8CCF3D290B18C706A2BF3E5B2C3D">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="D16C02C9C2129201B600581DE68C74ED" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.239.3734</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="5BC4D4DF2CB541D5A7629D93E68E7D0B" ID-GBIF-Taxon="152037790" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:5BC4D4DF2CB541D5A7629D93E68E7D0B" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/5BC4D4DF2CB541D5A7629D93E68E7D0B" lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="21" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
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<subSubSection id="0CBED8CDF23C2939AB781D30F5933A63" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="BEFDE6A3D0102318F6CCA21468906796" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
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<taxonomicName id="D0F0F4B85162D0AE8345C04B5DCBAD3A" ID-CoL="32N2D" LSID="http://species-id.net/wiki/Cyamon_aruense" authority="Hentschel, 1912" authorityName="Hentschel" authorityYear="1912" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon aruense" order="Axinellida" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="aruense">Cyamon aruense Hentschel, 1912</taxonomicName>
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Figs 9
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<normalizedToken id="1AA4E8DCB66628B5BDA6A7BAFB5C54E6" originalValue="A–E">A-E</normalizedToken>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="BD60868FB8C44C744CBA51C294D5A1DA" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="7F95FFCFA6F73F93E6D16DAB5E215224" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
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<taxonomicName id="63D36A6B7BA3D8FDA037AE34D36694C3" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon aruense" order="Axinellida" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="aruense">Cyamon aruense</taxonomicName>
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<bibRefCitation id="18406B14FAE4D2E903EEBEDCC786932F" author="Hentschel, E" journalOrPublisher="Abhandlungen herausgegeben von der Senckenbergischen naturforschenden Gesellschaft" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" pagination="293 - 448" title="Kiesel- und Hornschwaemme der Aru- und Kei-Inseln." volume="34" year="1912">Hentschel 1912</bibRefCitation>
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; 374, pl. 20 fig. 33 (Aru Islands, Indonesia);
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<bibRefCitation id="3DE772274418BCEB429FFE0134663B2B" author="Hooper, JNA" journalOrPublisher="Invertebrate Taxonomy" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" pagination="1179 - 1418" title="Revision of the family Raspailiidae (Porifera: Demospongiae), with description of Australian species." url="10.1071/IT9911179" volume="5" year="1991">Hooper 1991</bibRefCitation>
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: 1305, figs 63f-i.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="855CC6FD554EE00DA416D99946CCE0ED" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" type="material examined">
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<paragraph id="764B394574D496388E32007562F2EB0C" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Material examined.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="87082578760F91F26646B520B6D3A54F" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
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Fragment of holotypeSMF 1618, preserved in alcohol, Indonesia, Aru Islands, Straits of Dobo, 6°S,
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<geoCoordinate id="A7DF6FAE74263BFFE1654A5FD906CDF6" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="134.8333">134.8333°E</geoCoordinate>
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, 40 m, coll. H. Merton, 20
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<normalizedToken id="8C3C3BD03B24F23269CF6F0EC514DD98" originalValue="–03–">-03-</normalizedToken>
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1908.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="AF55A59CAFDA480B1C6D38E0E3FEFBBA" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" type="description">
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<paragraph id="33F0A9819CAC50DDC547F37A525635F7" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="E12FA5A62BC3ADEC7D99F3B3F70061DF" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
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The holotype is an encrusting sponge of 6 cm long and 3 cm wide growing over a haplosclerid sponge (Hentschel, 1912). The fragment of less than 0.5
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<normalizedToken id="6513E8DD9F92B7FD98F7CB14D6081FC0" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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0.5 cm and 1 mm in thickness (see Fig. 9A) examined by us was mixed with the haplosclerid in such a way that the microscopic slides were thoroughly contaminated with it. We have to rely on
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<normalizedToken id="B8C44ED4E50D9C8031547648A34F67C2" originalValue="Hentschel’s">Hentschel's</normalizedToken>
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remarks about shape and surface characters. The surface is hispid due to the long styles protruding from the sponge, which was grey coloured in alcohol, but shows a pale brownish colour in our fragment. Consistency not mentioned by Hentschel, but crumbly describes it best.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="C40522D670168A8218AF5ED020845BDA" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Skeleton: the usual basal mass of polyactinal spicules upon which relatively long styles are erected surrounded in the periphery by bundles of thin centrotylote styles. Thick short styles are singly erect on the substrate, buried in the basal mass of polyactines.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8C4979F1B9CDA7E13521F81A0CA1DD95" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Spicules: long thin styles, centrotylote thin styles, short thick styles, polyactines.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="DFE409F0A574E353A363CAC7A67C8C99" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
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Long thin styles (Figs 9B, B1), relatively rare, smooth, almost always broken in the slides so we cannot show a complete SEM image of them, heads smooth and not distinguished in width from the shaft, the other end gradually pointed. Longest style approximately 1620
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<normalizedToken id="5C8ACD888D153650FF79821087510758" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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16
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<normalizedToken id="2ED8CD89069CC7BBC0C1CDE5059A4921" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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, whereas Hentschel mentioned 1760
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<normalizedToken id="A5D569F35D95A59BDF30CF08E35DAA0B" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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9-12
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<normalizedToken id="00F87280B945D360E43E3D8A666B2199" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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. Hentschel suggested a faint tyle, but we did not observe this.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="260328F1AE709487CECB5D747A8B17B4" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
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Centrotylote thin styles (Fig. 9C, C1), smooth, curved, with a tyle near the middle of the spicule, but not exactly in the middle, the most common spicule of the monaxone spicule complement, 302
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<normalizedToken id="5018AAE29591E20F715CB3E6C0E207B7" originalValue="–368.7–">-368.7-</normalizedToken>
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426
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<normalizedToken id="F7972A53FCF623CCCA88050BB721577F" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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1.5
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<normalizedToken id="8F6BF26D6097F78BDBFE592798FD603D" originalValue="–2.6–">-2.6-</normalizedToken>
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4
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<normalizedToken id="086755CD721AF1D5CC6210A615D28E4D" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="AF2EBD5F799D8141AE05FC35B533C031" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
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Short thick styles (Fig 9D, D1), relatively rare, smooth, often curved in the upper half, slightly fusiform, with a faint tyle, 297
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<normalizedToken id="376CFC6C6E983AEE1EC92BF571F2B946" originalValue="–389.8–">-389.8-</normalizedToken>
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456
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<normalizedToken id="CF91F20A53D00451AE3B6BD538CAA003" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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8
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<normalizedToken id="70386BB3F47F927BC7A5774E00B7AF7C" originalValue="–13.9–">-13.9-</normalizedToken>
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17
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<normalizedToken id="AC20315420F39812E74394291597716D" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="5F5BAC2C4D266367FFFEE6394115EBEE" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
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Polyactines (Figs 9E) with 3-5 cladi, all of which are heavily spined with relatively coarse spines, without smooth areas, basal cladi rather blunt compared to those of other species, 48
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<normalizedToken id="2E61D86558D5DF59DE76BF061F063FDF" originalValue="–68.9–">-68.9-</normalizedToken>
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84
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<normalizedToken id="62683CA4BB1D7EFD6719300517541A78" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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5
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<normalizedToken id="43DAE3EC2948173369409900282CBAA2" originalValue="–8.1–">-8.1-</normalizedToken>
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11
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<normalizedToken id="3B743A17D2B5D42A7872AA5A41F1438F" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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, lateral cladi 29
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<normalizedToken id="2DDDD1F89D3A32D14D54AB6782D12B01" originalValue="–40.6–">-40.6-</normalizedToken>
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54
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<normalizedToken id="216B186A1FF6C4F640C6335EC28237F5" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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4
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<normalizedToken id="1FDC2673254671AF0D794FEAD7C2B41B" originalValue="–6.7–">-6.7-</normalizedToken>
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8
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<normalizedToken id="39009F76E8FDEF225CF5A6476C812D20" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="3EF489206A903E55DA476C045A129D41" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
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<paragraph id="97CF36373FF50091CDE44B362A08EDAB" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
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Figure 9.
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<taxonomicName id="831D5F1BA57B2ECB2796D4F0443AE86D" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon aruense" order="Axinellida" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="aruense">Cyamon aruense</taxonomicName>
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Hentschel, 1912, holotype SMF 1618, A fragments from holotype B long thin style (broken) B1 detail of head of long thin style C short thin style C1 detail of head of short thin style D short thick style D1 detail of head of short thick style E polyactines.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="0D4CFDAB9BF795351097ABC3147161E1" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" type="distribution">
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<paragraph id="54D7549B41C63C2C94C6263E96D1A8B4" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Distribution.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="49160D24F2E31D3CD34DA302ED632DED" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Only known from the Arafura Sea.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="EDF864CBC91E556ADEB75B78A84C80CB" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" type="ecology">
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<paragraph id="49B49839F19CD1E4117F8213D5C53B71" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Ecology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="6170F82B8C7BB3F6DC07B9272EB8BD74" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Deeper water on hard substrate.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="E9D955730BB6E95951142F55F51DD12B" lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="22" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="90AFB10E4631B5DCF5B2EE8B590598DF" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Discussion.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="044B5D4DB4042B50998D2A99795860CD" lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="22" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
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The heavy spination of the polyactines appears to be a distinct feature of this species.
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<normalizedToken id="CB62C87F87CB729AE5165BF775BE62D0" originalValue="Hooper’s">Hooper's</normalizedToken>
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(1991) redescription denies the occurrence in this species of centrotylote ectosomal thin styles, wheras these spicules appeared common in the fragment of the holotype examined by us. These spicules are comparable to those of
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<taxonomicName id="1E0FFD1488F3CCDE3CC59C58554D32FB" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon arguinense" order="Axinellida" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="arguinense">Cyamon arguinense</taxonomicName>
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sp. n., rather than to those of
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<taxonomicName id="D4D20E2AA21DDA9D482C3663439249DE" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon vickersii" order="Axinellida" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="vickersii">Cyamon vickersii</taxonomicName>
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because they do not have the characteristic crooked shape and also are not rugose at the pointed end. The polyactines of this species appear somewhat similar to those of
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<taxonomicName id="DC3EEBA27BE0028D9D02C06CC425BED8" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon quadriradiatum" order="Axinellida" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="quadriradiatum">Cyamon quadriradiatum</taxonomicName>
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as described and
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<pageBreakToken id="1620754FA4EC73D4411E261CC1E6118B" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" start="start">drawn</pageBreakToken>
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by
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<bibRefCitation id="3AACC95B638F9163AC8D868D98DE64FB" author="Carter, HJ" journalOrPublisher="Tetrahedron" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" title="Report on specimens dredged up from the Gulf of Manaar and presented to the Liverpool Free Museum by Capt. W. H. Cawne Warren. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (5) 6: 35 - 61, 129 - 156." url="10.1080/00222938009458893" year="1880">Carter (1880)</bibRefCitation>
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. However, details and sizes of the other spicules differ between the two: long styles are much longer and thinner in
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<taxonomicName id="5CB9BCDE8235C0DCFDA8515376328F89" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon aruense" order="Axinellida" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="aruense">Cyamon aruense</taxonomicName>
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and there is apparently no further category of short thick styles in
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<taxonomicName id="2EEE009E781612DD9896FE21E6D55ABE" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon quadriradiatum" order="Axinellida" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="quadriradiatum">Cyamon quadriradiatum</taxonomicName>
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. Since both are ill known, we must have more data and further specimens to establish these species as distinct.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |