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<mods:namePart id="40EA29E4C3AD4158096875FCD8B69804">Georgalis, Georgios L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="497ACCE2F1F563D8F787E012DD9C8483">Palaeontological Institute and Museum, University of Zurich, Karl Schmid-Strasse 4, 8006 Zurich (Switzerland) and Department of Ecology, Laboratory of Evolutionary Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mlynská dolina, 84215 Bratislava (Slovakia) and Department of Earth Sciences, University of Torino, Via Valperga Caluso 35, 10125 Turin (Italy)</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="B7EAF765487E15CFEEAB555C4A799D73" type="email">georgios.georgalis@pim.uzh.ch</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="F86BEB6E087061D22887375CE210E2FB">Palaeontological Institute and Museum, University of Zurich, Karl Schmid-Strasse 4, 8006 Zurich (Switzerland) and Department of Ecology, Laboratory of Evolutionary Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mlynská dolina, 84215 Bratislava (Slovakia) and Department of Earth Sciences, University of Torino, Via Valperga Caluso 35, 10125 Turin (Italy)</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="D80564B04AE362B5BD5E6D78261E448B">Čerňanský, Andrej</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="7E1749D6CD77EF001146C2F3DFDAC76C">Department of Ecology, Laboratory of Evolutionary Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mlynská dolina, 84215 Bratislava (Slovakia)</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="308A746165943EDF8EAACF53107394C9">Čerňanský, Andrej</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="E1D95129A2AD7B966E603D262A1C5478">Department of Ecology, Laboratory of Evolutionary Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mlynská dolina, 84215 Bratislava (Slovakia)</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="EFBB97E0A8ECF6AD23D4BE26F37DD9B5">Klembara, Jozef</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="3702AB848C46EBC987EA51B81B4F3DFA">Department of Ecology, Laboratory of Evolutionary Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mlynská dolina, 84215 Bratislava (Slovakia)</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="7ED99850B1D8BD3AF0CE39006D0168D0">Klembara, Jozef</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="9151868252A6884A08C4E669C85DA372">Department of Ecology, Laboratory of Evolutionary Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mlynská dolina, 84215 Bratislava (Slovakia)</mods:affiliation>
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<treatment id="03A1633BFF80FFE530D9F949FFF03C43" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4721471" ID-GBIF-Taxon="181601118" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4721471" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A1633BFF80FFE530D9F949FFF03C43" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A1633BFF80FFE530D9F949FFF03C43" lastPageId="36" lastPageNumber="253" pageId="35" pageNumber="252">
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<treatment id="03A1633BFF80FFE530D9F949FFF03C43" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4721471" ID-GBIF-Taxon="181601118" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4721471" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A1633BFF80FFE530D9F949FFF03C43" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A1633BFF80FFE530D9F949FFF03C43" lastPageId="36" lastPageNumber="253" pageId="35" pageNumber="252" scope_family="Palaeovaranidae" scope_order="Squamata">
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<subSubSection id="C31281A6FF80FFE230D9F949F8FA3F01" box="[231,676,1777,1804]" pageId="35" pageNumber="252" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BB7D22DFF80FFE230D9F949F8FA3F01" blockId="35.[231,676,1777,1837]" box="[231,676,1777,1804]" pageId="35" pageNumber="252">
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<taxonomicName id="4C08A9AEFF80FFE230D9F949F83D3F01" authority="Zittel, 1887" authorityName="Zittel" authorityYear="1887" box="[231,611,1777,1804]" class="Reptilia" family="Palaeovaranidae" genus="Palaeovaranus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="35" pageNumber="252" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cayluxi">
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<taxonomicName id="4C08A9AEFF80FFE230D9F949F83D3F01" authority="Zittel, 1887" authorityName="Zittel" authorityYear="1887" box="[231,611,1777,1804]" class="Reptilia" genus="Palaeovaranus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="35" pageNumber="252" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cayluxi">
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<emphasis id="B97C0E3FFF80FFE230D9F949FB843F01" bold="true" box="[231,474,1777,1804]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="252">Palaeovaranus cayluxi</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EF99AFDCFF80FFE231DFF94AF83D3F01" author="ZITTEL K. A." box="[481,611,1778,1804]" pageId="35" pageNumber="252" refId="ref40223" refString="ZITTEL K. A. 1887 - 1890. - Handbuch der Palaontologie. Palaeozoologie. III. Pisces, Amphibia, Reptilia, Aves. Druck und Verlag von R. Oldenbourg, Munchen, Leipzig, 900 p. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 40393265" type="book" year="1887">Zittel, 1887</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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@ -79,11 +79,11 @@
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<subSubSection id="C31281A6FF80FFE230BAF8F4FE0C3FE6" pageId="35" pageNumber="252" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8BB7D22DFF80FFE230BAF8F4FE0C3FE6" blockId="35.[131,776,1868,2027]" lastBlockId="35.[812,1457,1777,2027]" pageId="35" pageNumber="252">
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EMENDED DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS. — The parietal of
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<taxonomicName id="4C08A9AEFF80FFE232A9F8F4FAAE3F72" authorityName="Zittel" authorityYear="1887" class="Reptilia" family="Palaeovaranidae" genus="Palaeovaranus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="35" pageNumber="252" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cayluxi">
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<taxonomicName id="4C08A9AEFF80FFE232A9F8F4FAAE3F72" authorityName="Zittel" authorityYear="1887" class="Reptilia" genus="Palaeovaranus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="35" pageNumber="252" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cayluxi">
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<emphasis id="B97C0E3FFF80FFE232A9F8F4FAAE3F72" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="252">Palaeovaranus cayluxi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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differs from that of the sole other recognized species of the genus,
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<taxonomicName id="4C08A9AEFF80FFE23137F83AF8473F97" authority="Georgalis & Čerňanský & Klembara, 2021" authorityName="Georgalis & Čerňanský & Klembara" authorityYear="2021" box="[265,537,1922,1946]" class="Reptilia" family="Palaeovaranidae" genus="Palaeovaranus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="35" pageNumber="252" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lismonimenos" status="sp. nov.">
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<taxonomicName id="4C08A9AEFF80FFE23137F83AF8473F97" authority="Georgalis & Čerňanský & Klembara, 2021" authorityName="Georgalis & Čerňanský & Klembara" authorityYear="2021" box="[265,537,1922,1946]" class="Reptilia" genus="Palaeovaranus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="35" pageNumber="252" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lismonimenos" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B97C0E3FFF80FFE23137F83AF8473F97" box="[265,537,1922,1946]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="252">Palaeovaranus lismonimenos</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24FB344FF80FFE23221F83AF8093F94" box="[543,599,1922,1945]" pageId="35" pageNumber="252" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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@ -137,7 +137,7 @@ The ventral surface of the parietal is smooth (
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Although we acknowledge that the
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<typeStatus id="54B36C8FFF87FFE5349FFC8DFEA03B42" box="[1185,1278,821,847]" pageId="36" pageNumber="253" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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of
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<taxonomicName id="4C08A9AEFF87FFE53521FC8DF92A3B62" authorityName="Zittel" authorityYear="1887" class="Reptilia" family="Palaeovaranidae" genus="Palaeovaranus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="36" pageNumber="253" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cayluxi">
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<taxonomicName id="4C08A9AEFF87FFE53521FC8DF92A3B62" authorityName="Zittel" authorityYear="1887" class="Reptilia" genus="Palaeovaranus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="36" pageNumber="253" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cayluxi">
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<emphasis id="B97C0E3FFF87FFE53521FC8DF92A3B62" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="253">Palaeovaranus cayluxi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is a maxilla (see Georgalis 2017 for details), we assign these parietals to the same species on the basis of the referral of a parietal by
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -1,66 +1,66 @@
|
|||
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Genus
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<taxonomicName id="4C08A9AEFF81FFE333D8F94AFF5C3F01" authority="Zittel, 1887" authorityName="Zittel" authorityYear="1887" box="[998,1282,1778,1804]" class="Reptilia" family="Palaeovaranidae" genus="Palaeovaranus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="34" pageNumber="251" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<taxonomicName id="4C08A9AEFF81FFE333D8F94AFF5C3F01" authority="Zittel, 1887" authorityName="Zittel" authorityYear="1887" box="[998,1282,1778,1804]" class="Reptilia" genus="Palaeovaranus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="34" pageNumber="251" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B97C0E3FFF81FFE333D8F94AFE273F01" box="[998,1145,1778,1804]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="251">Palaeovaranus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EF99AFDCFF81FFE334BEF94AFF5C3F01" author="ZITTEL K. A." box="[1152,1282,1778,1804]" pageId="34" pageNumber="251" refId="ref40223" refString="ZITTEL K. A. 1887 - 1890. - Handbuch der Palaontologie. Palaeozoologie. III. Pisces, Amphibia, Reptilia, Aves. Druck und Verlag von R. Oldenbourg, Munchen, Leipzig, 900 p. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 40393265" type="book" year="1887">Zittel, 1887</bibRefCitation>
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|
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@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ Genus
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. —
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<taxonomicName id="4C08A9AEFF81FFE333DCF88AFF643F47" authority="Zittel, 1887" authorityName="Zittel" authorityYear="1887" box="[994,1338,1842,1866]" class="Reptilia" family="Palaeovaranidae" genus="Palaeovaranus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="34" pageNumber="251" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cayluxi">
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<emphasis id="B97C0E3FFF81FFE333DCF88AFEE83F47" box="[994,1206,1842,1866]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="251">Palaeovaranus cayluxi</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EF99AFDCFF81FFE33481F88AFF643F47" author="ZITTEL K. A." box="[1215,1338,1842,1866]" pageId="34" pageNumber="251" refId="ref40223" refString="ZITTEL K. A. 1887 - 1890. - Handbuch der Palaontologie. Palaeozoologie. III. Pisces, Amphibia, Reptilia, Aves. Druck und Verlag von R. Oldenbourg, Munchen, Leipzig, 900 p. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 40393265" type="book" year="1887">Zittel, 1887</bibRefCitation>
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@ -1,65 +1,65 @@
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<mods:namePart id="2C21D5D4BF95BA7D638D385CCD6C943B">Georgalis, Georgios L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="8028723484A341CCB55C9D967F5066C5">Palaeontological Institute and Museum, University of Zurich, Karl Schmid-Strasse 4, 8006 Zurich (Switzerland) and Department of Ecology, Laboratory of Evolutionary Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mlynská dolina, 84215 Bratislava (Slovakia) and Department of Earth Sciences, University of Torino, Via Valperga Caluso 35, 10125 Turin (Italy)</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="E6A21996760E8556CB15C5CE59647CEB">Čerňanský, Andrej</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="4C6010F5CFAC14F09734023465B88800">Department of Ecology, Laboratory of Evolutionary Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mlynská dolina, 84215 Bratislava (Slovakia)</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="24AD0540B6A921C854958725A3597EC9">Čerňanský, Andrej</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="F5B68CD901939549C8C083090A08D90F">Department of Ecology, Laboratory of Evolutionary Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mlynská dolina, 84215 Bratislava (Slovakia)</mods:affiliation>
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<treatment id="03A1633BFF87FFE8338FFB2BFB843F01" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4721473" ID-GBIF-Taxon="181601113" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4721473" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:3C906259-DAB5-4B97-A1BB-7860695A76B8" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A1633BFF87FFE8338FFB2BFB843F01" lastPageId="41" lastPageNumber="258" pageId="36" pageNumber="253">
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<treatment id="03A1633BFF87FFE8338FFB2BFB843F01" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4721473" ID-GBIF-Taxon="181601113" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4721473" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:3C906259-DAB5-4B97-A1BB-7860695A76B8" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A1633BFF87FFE8338FFB2BFB843F01" lastPageId="41" lastPageNumber="258" pageId="36" pageNumber="253" scope_family="Palaeovaranidae" scope_order="Squamata">
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<subSubSection id="C31281A6FF87FFE5338FFB2BFF753CA3" box="[945,1323,1171,1198]" pageId="36" pageNumber="253" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BB7D22DFF87FFE5338FFB2BFF753CA3" blockId="36.[945,1323,1171,1230]" box="[945,1323,1171,1198]" pageId="36" pageNumber="253">
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<heading id="D0FF6541FF87FFE5338FFB2BFF753CA3" box="[945,1323,1171,1198]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="36" pageNumber="253" reason="2">
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<taxonomicName id="4C08A9AEFF87FFE5338FFB2BFEB73CA3" authority="Georgalis & Čerňanský & Klembara, 2021" authorityName="Georgalis & Čerňanský & Klembara" authorityYear="2021" box="[945,1257,1171,1198]" class="Reptilia" family="Palaeovaranidae" genus="Palaeovaranus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="36" pageNumber="253" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lismonimenos" status="sp. nov.">
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<taxonomicName id="4C08A9AEFF87FFE5338FFB2BFEB73CA3" authority="Georgalis & Čerňanský & Klembara, 2021" authorityName="Georgalis & Čerňanský & Klembara" authorityYear="2021" box="[945,1257,1171,1198]" class="Reptilia" genus="Palaeovaranus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="36" pageNumber="253" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lismonimenos" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B97C0E3FFF87FFE5338FFB2BFEB73CA3" bold="true" box="[945,1257,1171,1198]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="253">Palaeovaranus lismonimenos</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24FB344FF87FFE534CEFB2CFF753CA3" box="[1264,1323,1172,1198]" pageId="36" pageNumber="253" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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|
|
@ -117,12 +117,12 @@ specimen was forgotten and unnoticed inside a museum drawer for more than a cent
|
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<subSubSection id="C31281A6FF87FFE43313F9C3F95B3F8F" lastPageId="37" lastPageNumber="254" pageId="36" pageNumber="253" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8BB7D22DFF87FFE53313F9C3FEBB3FE6" blockId="36.[811,1456,1659,2027]" pageId="36" pageNumber="253">
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DIAGNOSIS. — The parietal of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C08A9AEFF87FFE5345BF9C3FF2F3E9E" authority="Georgalis & Čerňanský & Klembara, 2021" authorityName="Georgalis & Čerňanský & Klembara" authorityYear="2021" box="[1125,1393,1659,1683]" class="Reptilia" family="Palaeovaranidae" genus="Palaeovaranus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="36" pageNumber="253" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lismonimenos" status="sp. nov.">
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||||
<taxonomicName id="4C08A9AEFF87FFE5345BF9C3FF2F3E9E" authority="Georgalis & Čerňanský & Klembara, 2021" authorityName="Georgalis & Čerňanský & Klembara" authorityYear="2021" box="[1125,1393,1659,1683]" class="Reptilia" genus="Palaeovaranus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="36" pageNumber="253" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lismonimenos" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B97C0E3FFF87FFE5345BF9C3FF2F3E9E" box="[1125,1393,1659,1683]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="253">Palaeovaranus lismonimenos</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24FB344FF87FFE53546F9C3FFEE3E9F" box="[1400,1456,1659,1682]" pageId="36" pageNumber="253" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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||||
differs from that of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C08A9AEFF87FFE533CCF92DFE9F3EA0" authorityName="Zittel" authorityYear="1887" box="[1010,1217,1685,1709]" class="Reptilia" family="Palaeovaranidae" genus="Palaeovaranus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="36" pageNumber="253" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cayluxi">
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<taxonomicName id="4C08A9AEFF87FFE533CCF92DFE9F3EA0" authorityName="Zittel" authorityYear="1887" box="[1010,1217,1685,1709]" class="Reptilia" genus="Palaeovaranus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="36" pageNumber="253" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cayluxi">
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<emphasis id="B97C0E3FFF87FFE533CCF92DFE9F3EA0" box="[1010,1217,1685,1709]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="253">Palaeovaranus cayluxi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
|
||||
by the following distinguished features and the combination of features: 1) the dorsolateral crests are rather distinct, extending posterolaterally and dorsally, and their margins are distinctly crenulated; 2) the median crest is short (shorter than the length of the median triangular field measured in the median plane) and its posterior tip fits between the anterolateral processes of the triangular median field; 3) the anterior ends of the dorsolateral crests extend to the tips of the anterolateral processes; 4) the ornamentation of the parietal consists of small, more or less densely arranged mounds having more or less distinctly developed crest; and 5) the anterior margin of the parietal fossa lies anterior to the level of the junctions of the anterolateral margins of the supratemporal processes with the parietal plate.
|
||||
|
|
@ -256,7 +256,7 @@ The two smaller specimens MNHN.F.QU17177 and UM
|
|||
(
|
||||
<figureCitation id="1333CEA8FF84FFE630C5F94AFB183F01" box="[251,326,1778,1804]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="47.[132,143,1664,1681]" captionTargetBox="[122,1466,175,1637]" captionTargetId="figure-137@47.[122,1466,252,1642]" captionTargetPageId="47" captionText="FIG. 42. — Palaeovaranus lismonimenos n. sp. Parietals of juvenile individuals.A, B, photographs of parietal MNHN.F.QU17177 in dorsal (A) and ventral (B) views; C, D, photographs of parietal UM BFI 1873 in dorsal (C) and ventral (D) views. Both these specimens originally appeared as drawings in Augé (2005: Figs 194 and 195 respectively). Scale bars: 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4720907" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4720907/files/figure.png" pageId="39" pageNumber="256">Fig. 42</figureCitation>
|
||||
), which we herein assign to
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C08A9AEFF84FFE6324DF94AFB503F21" authority="Georgalis & Čerňanský & Klembara, 2021" authorityName="Georgalis & Čerňanský & Klembara" authorityYear="2021" class="Reptilia" family="Palaeovaranidae" genus="Palaeovaranus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="39" pageNumber="256" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lismonimenos" status="sp. nov.">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C08A9AEFF84FFE6324DF94AFB503F21" authority="Georgalis & Čerňanský & Klembara, 2021" authorityName="Georgalis & Čerňanský & Klembara" authorityYear="2021" class="Reptilia" genus="Palaeovaranus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="39" pageNumber="256" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lismonimenos" status="sp. nov.">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B97C0E3FFF84FFE6324DF94AFB503F21" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="256">Palaeovaranus lismonimenos</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24FB344FF84FFE6312AF8AAFB103F21" box="[276,334,1810,1836]" pageId="39" pageNumber="256" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||||
|
|
@ -287,7 +287,7 @@ parietal
|
|||
, the ornamentation is weakly developed and the dorsolateral crests are still more distantly placed one to another than in MNHN.F.QU17177. We may interpret this here by the hypothesis that during ontogenetic growth, the dorsolateral crests move one to another and finally fuse together in about their posterior portions to form a median crest. As a consequence, large anterior and small posterior median triangular fields are produced (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="1333CEA8FF84FFE634BEF90AFE933EC1" box="[1152,1229,1714,1740]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="47.[132,143,1664,1681]" captionTargetBox="[122,1466,175,1637]" captionTargetId="figure-137@47.[122,1466,252,1642]" captionTargetPageId="47" captionText="FIG. 42. — Palaeovaranus lismonimenos n. sp. Parietals of juvenile individuals.A, B, photographs of parietal MNHN.F.QU17177 in dorsal (A) and ventral (B) views; C, D, photographs of parietal UM BFI 1873 in dorsal (C) and ventral (D) views. Both these specimens originally appeared as drawings in Augé (2005: Figs 194 and 195 respectively). Scale bars: 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4720907" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4720907/files/figure.png" pageId="39" pageNumber="256">Fig. 42</figureCitation>
|
||||
). If so, the anatomy of three different size stages presented and discussed herein represent the first evidence of the medial movement of the dorsolateral crests to their final fusion in the median plane in adult specimens. We suppose the same process of the origin of the similar morphology of the dorsal surface of parietal in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C08A9AEFF84FFE63312F8C9FE503F86" authorityName="Zittel" authorityYear="1887" box="[812,1038,1905,1931]" class="Reptilia" family="Palaeovaranidae" genus="Palaeovaranus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="39" pageNumber="256" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cayluxi">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C08A9AEFF84FFE63312F8C9FE503F86" authorityName="Zittel" authorityYear="1887" box="[812,1038,1905,1931]" class="Reptilia" genus="Palaeovaranus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="39" pageNumber="256" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cayluxi">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B97C0E3FFF84FFE63312F8C9FE503F86" box="[812,1038,1905,1931]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="256">Palaeovaranus cayluxi</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
.
|
||||
|
|
@ -333,7 +333,7 @@ indet.
|
|||
<caption id="DF7782A5FF8AFFE830BAFA86FFEF3D42" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4720877" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4720877" box="[132,1457,1342,1359]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4720877/files/figure.png" pageId="41" pageNumber="258" startId="41.[132,143,1342,1359]" targetBox="[132,1455,182,1310]" targetPageId="41">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BB7D22DFF8AFFE830BAFA86FFEF3D42" blockId="41.[132,1457,1342,1359]" box="[132,1457,1342,1359]" pageId="41" pageNumber="258">
|
||||
FIG. 34. —
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C08A9AEFF8AFFE830E5FA86FBB83D42" authority="Zittel, 1887" authorityName="Zittel" authorityYear="1887" box="[219,486,1342,1359]" class="Reptilia" family="Palaeovaranidae" genus="Palaeovaranus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="41" pageNumber="258" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cayluxi">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C08A9AEFF8AFFE830E5FA86FBB83D42" authority="Zittel, 1887" authorityName="Zittel" authorityYear="1887" box="[219,486,1342,1359]" class="Reptilia" genus="Palaeovaranus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="41" pageNumber="258" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cayluxi">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B97C0E3FFF8AFFE830E5FA86FBD73D42" box="[219,393,1342,1359]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="258">Palaeovaranus cayluxi</emphasis>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EF99AFDCFF8AFFE831B5FA86FBB83D42" author="ZITTEL K. A." box="[395,486,1342,1359]" pageId="41" pageNumber="258" refId="ref40223" refString="ZITTEL K. A. 1887 - 1890. - Handbuch der Palaontologie. Palaeozoologie. III. Pisces, Amphibia, Reptilia, Aves. Druck und Verlag von R. Oldenbourg, Munchen, Leipzig, 900 p. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 40393265" type="book" year="1887">Zittel,1887</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
|
|
@ -357,31 +357,31 @@ described the frontal MNHN.F.QU17175 as belonging to “
|
|||
<emphasis id="B97C0E3FFF8AFFE8310EFA6CF8773DE0" box="[304,553,1492,1517]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="258">Necrosaurus eucarinatus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
”. In contrast to
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C08A9AEFF8AFFE832E3FA6BFB1F3E00" authorityName="Zittel" authorityYear="1887" class="Reptilia" family="Palaeovaranidae" genus="Palaeovaranus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="41" pageNumber="258" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cayluxi">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C08A9AEFF8AFFE832E3FA6BFB1F3E00" authorityName="Zittel" authorityYear="1887" class="Reptilia" genus="Palaeovaranus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="41" pageNumber="258" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cayluxi">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B97C0E3FFF8AFFE832E3FA6BFB1F3E00" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="258">Palaeovaranus cayluxi</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, however, both these frontals have the same
|
||||
<typeStatus id="54B36C8FFF8AFFE830BCF9ABFAEE3E20" box="[130,176,1555,1581]" pageId="41" pageNumber="258">type</typeStatus>
|
||||
of mounds as those present in the dorsal surface of the parietals of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C08A9AEFF8AFFE83139F98AF8713E41" authority="Georgalis & Čerňanský & Klembara, 2021" authorityName="Georgalis & Čerňanský & Klembara" authorityYear="2021" box="[263,559,1586,1612]" class="Reptilia" family="Palaeovaranidae" genus="Palaeovaranus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="41" pageNumber="258" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lismonimenos" status="sp. nov.">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C08A9AEFF8AFFE83139F98AF8713E41" authority="Georgalis & Čerňanský & Klembara, 2021" authorityName="Georgalis & Čerňanský & Klembara" authorityYear="2021" box="[263,559,1586,1612]" class="Reptilia" genus="Palaeovaranus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="41" pageNumber="258" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lismonimenos" status="sp. nov.">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B97C0E3FFF8AFFE83139F98AF8713E41" box="[263,559,1586,1612]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="258">Palaeovaranus lismonimenos</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24FB344FF8AFFE83208F98BF82D3E40" box="[566,627,1587,1613]" pageId="41" pageNumber="258" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<figureCitation id="1333CEA8FF8AFFE832BAF98AF88C3E40" box="[644,722,1586,1613]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="48.[132,142,1821,1838]" captionTargetBox="[263,1345,214,1779]" captionTargetId="figure-93@48.[219,1369,201,1796]" captionTargetPageId="48" captionText="FIG. 43. — Palaeovaranus lismonimenos n. sp. frontals: A, B, photographs of frontal UM PRA 8 in dorsal (A) and ventral (B) views; C, D, photographs of frontal MNHN.F.QU17175 in dorsal (C) and ventral (D) views.Both these specimens originally appeared asdrawings inAugé (2005: figs196 and 189 respectively).Scale bars:5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4720911" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4720911/files/figure.png" pageId="41" pageNumber="258">Fig. 43</figureCitation>
|
||||
). To the contrary, the dorsal surfaces of all three known parietals of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C08A9AEFF8AFFE830A1F9CAFB213E81" authorityName="Zittel" authorityYear="1887" box="[159,383,1650,1676]" class="Reptilia" family="Palaeovaranidae" genus="Palaeovaranus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="41" pageNumber="258" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cayluxi">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C08A9AEFF8AFFE830A1F9CAFB213E81" authorityName="Zittel" authorityYear="1887" box="[159,383,1650,1676]" class="Reptilia" genus="Palaeovaranus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="41" pageNumber="258" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cayluxi">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B97C0E3FFF8AFFE830A1F9CAFB213E81" box="[159,383,1650,1676]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="258">Palaeovaranus cayluxi</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
have no such
|
||||
<typeStatus id="54B36C8FFF8AFFE8322FF9CBF8613E80" box="[529,575,1651,1677]" pageId="41" pageNumber="258">type</typeStatus>
|
||||
of ornamentation, as that exhibited in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C08A9AEFF8AFFE83162F92AF8DF3EA1" authority="Georgalis & Čerňanský & Klembara, 2021" authorityName="Georgalis & Čerňanský & Klembara" authorityYear="2021" box="[348,641,1682,1708]" class="Reptilia" family="Palaeovaranidae" genus="Palaeovaranus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="41" pageNumber="258" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lismonimenos" status="sp. nov.">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C08A9AEFF8AFFE83162F92AF8DF3EA1" authority="Georgalis & Čerňanský & Klembara, 2021" authorityName="Georgalis & Čerňanský & Klembara" authorityYear="2021" box="[348,641,1682,1708]" class="Reptilia" genus="Palaeovaranus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="41" pageNumber="258" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lismonimenos" status="sp. nov.">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B97C0E3FFF8AFFE83162F92AF8DF3EA1" box="[348,641,1682,1708]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="258">Palaeovaranus lismonimenos</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24FB344FF8AFFE832B7F92BF89A3EA0" box="[649,708,1683,1709]" pageId="41" pageNumber="258" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||||
Thus, it is highly probable that these two frontals belong to
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C08A9AEFF8AFFE83284F90AFB363EE1" authority="Georgalis & Čerňanský & Klembara, 2021" authorityName="Georgalis & Čerňanský & Klembara" authorityYear="2021" class="Reptilia" family="Palaeovaranidae" genus="Palaeovaranus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="41" pageNumber="258" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lismonimenos" status="sp. nov.">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C08A9AEFF8AFFE83284F90AFB363EE1" authority="Georgalis & Čerňanský & Klembara, 2021" authorityName="Georgalis & Čerňanský & Klembara" authorityYear="2021" class="Reptilia" genus="Palaeovaranus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="41" pageNumber="258" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lismonimenos" status="sp. nov.">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B97C0E3FFF8AFFE83284F90AFB363EE1" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="258">Palaeovaranus lismonimenos</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24FB344FF8AFFE8314FF96AFBF03EE1" box="[369,430,1746,1772]" pageId="41" pageNumber="258" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -1,67 +1,68 @@
|
|||
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<mods:title id="F9EBA6E38B584FFBF4E52630F007FC20">Taxonomy of Epyris Westwood (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae) from Korea, with the descriptions of ten new species</mods:title>
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<mods:title id="D7066C676CA958E9A8CEFCA00588A3D5">Taxonomy of Epyris Westwood (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae) from Korea, with the descriptions of ten new species</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="D8CA5DDF519744B7FFA09F0444E31F70">Lim, Jongok</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="7890A1D0406CD64B73A17BDBC48D0503">Lee, Jongwook</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="600F8B508A328482997FAECEACCE036F">Koh, Sanghyun</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="8AA825DDA1F1E1F8278C9C1420315156">Lee, Bongwoo</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="68978983A1D3268194FFC0DE5E81CCB4">Azevedo, Celso O.</mods:namePart>
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O.
|
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8CDE89E843FF81EE4DFC64FCE4FC5E" author="Pickard-Cambridge" box="[512,878,910,936]" firstAuthor="Pickard-Cambridge" page="733" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" pagination="716 - 766" refId="ref45609" refString="Pickard-Cambridge F. O. 1896. On the Theraphosidae of the lower Amazons: being an account of the new genera and species of this group of spiders discovered during the expedition of the steamship " Faraday " up the river Amazons. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 64 (3): 716 - 766. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.1896. tb 03076. x" type="journal article" year="1896">Pickard-Cambridge, 1896: 733</bibRefCitation>
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|
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@ -233,7 +232,7 @@ by its large oval-shaped receptacula (
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of
|
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|
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@ -256,7 +255,7 @@ of
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of
|
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O.
|
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8CDE89E843FF81EE9EF970FB92F942" author="Pickard-Cambridge" box="[723,1048,1690,1716]" firstAuthor="Pickard-Cambridge" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" pagination="716 - 766" refId="ref45609" refString="Pickard-Cambridge F. O. 1896. On the Theraphosidae of the lower Amazons: being an account of the new genera and species of this group of spiders discovered during the expedition of the steamship " Faraday " up the river Amazons. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 64 (3): 716 - 766. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.1896. tb 03076. x" type="journal article" year="1896">Pickard-Cambridge, 1896</bibRefCitation>
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@ -106,7 +105,7 @@ species by monotypy:
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<emphasis id="B9697F6AE86BFFA9ECF0FD73FEC1FD45" box="[189,331,665,691]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Acanthodon</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8CDE89E86BFFA9ED19FD73FDA4FD45" author="Guerin" box="[340,558,665,691]" firstAuthor="Guerin" page="163" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="161 - 167" refId="ref44250" refString="Guerin F. E. 1838. Arachnides. In: Eydoux J. F. T. & P. Gervais (eds) Voyage autour du monde par les mers de l'Inde et de Chine execute sur la corvette de l'Etat La Favorite pendant les annees 1830 / 1831 et 1832 sous le commandement de M. Laplace capitaine de fregate: 5, 161 - 167, pl. 47 - 48. Paris." type="journal article" year="1838">Guérin, 1838: 163</bibRefCitation>
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|
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|
|
@ -114,7 +113,7 @@ species by monotypy:
|
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(
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<typeStatus id="54A61DDAE86BFFA9EE72FD73FDF9FD45" box="[575,627,665,691]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">type</typeStatus>
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species by monotypy:
|
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<taxonomicName id="4C1DD8FBE86BFFA9EFC7FD73FB13FD45" authority="Guerin, 1838" authorityName="Guerin" authorityYear="1838" box="[906,1177,665,691]" class="Arachnida" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Acanthodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="petitii">
|
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<taxonomicName id="4C1DD8FBE86BFFA9EFC7FD73FB13FD45" authority="Guerin, 1838" authorityName="Guerin" authorityYear="1838" box="[906,1177,665,691]" class="Arachnida" genus="Acanthodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="petitii">
|
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<emphasis id="B9697F6AE86BFFA9EFC7FD73FC7BFD45" box="[906,1009,665,691]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">A. petitii</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8CDE89E86BFFA9EFB5FD73FB13FD45" author="Guerin" box="[1016,1177,665,691]" firstAuthor="Guerin" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="161 - 167" refId="ref44250" refString="Guerin F. E. 1838. Arachnides. In: Eydoux J. F. T. & P. Gervais (eds) Voyage autour du monde par les mers de l'Inde et de Chine execute sur la corvette de l'Etat La Favorite pendant les annees 1830 / 1831 et 1832 sous le commandement de M. Laplace capitaine de fregate: 5, 161 - 167, pl. 47 - 48. Paris." type="journal article" year="1838">Guérin, 1838</bibRefCitation>
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|
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|
|
@ -221,7 +220,7 @@ species by monotypy:
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<taxonomicName id="4C1DD8FBE86BFFA9ECF0FBD8FEC1FBBA" authorityName="Guerin" authorityYear="1838" box="[189,331,1074,1100]" class="Arachnida" genus="Acanthodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B9697F6AE86BFFA9ECF0FBD8FEC1FBBA" box="[189,331,1074,1100]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Acanthodon</emphasis>
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|
||||
–
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -1,221 +1,221 @@
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="152037793" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:1A0EC4A76867BA5DE039A337F39B4B45" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/1A0EC4A76867BA5DE039A337F39B4B45" lastPageId="25" lastPageNumber="26" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
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<taxonomicName LSID="http://species-id.net/wiki/Cyamon_argon" authority="Dickinson, 1945" authorityName="Dickinson" authorityYear="1945" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon argon" order="Axinellida" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="argon">Cyamon argon Dickinson, 1945</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicName id="4F1196AAEAEA50CFC0A38DA616D01811" ID-CoL="32N2B" LSID="http://species-id.net/wiki/Cyamon_argon" authority="Dickinson, 1945" authorityName="Dickinson" authorityYear="1945" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon argon" order="Axinellida" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="argon">Cyamon argon Dickinson, 1945</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Figs 12
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, Figs 13
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
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<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon argon" order="Axinellida" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="argon">Cyamon argon</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Dickinson, MG" journalOrPublisher="The University of Southern California Press, Los Angeles" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" title="Sponges of the Gulf of California. Reports on the collections obtained by Alan Hancock Pacific Expeditions of Velero III off the coast of Mexico, Central America, South America, and Galapagos Islands in 1932, in 1933, in 1934, in 1935, in 1936, in 1937, in 1939, and 1940." year="1945">Dickinson 1945</bibRefCitation>
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<subSubSection id="663D68CA392A0C38D95DF41928E8CEC4" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="reference_group">
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||||
<paragraph id="666B20C46010C85FB751131605198690" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="FE5E5780E479B870CE497CEE5DEC64C7" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon argon" order="Axinellida" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="argon">Cyamon argon</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="A6BCF419B6D750F4F246D3DA333EFE52" author="Dickinson, MG" journalOrPublisher="The University of Southern California Press, Los Angeles" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" title="Sponges of the Gulf of California. Reports on the collections obtained by Alan Hancock Pacific Expeditions of Velero III off the coast of Mexico, Central America, South America, and Galapagos Islands in 1932, in 1933, in 1934, in 1935, in 1936, in 1937, in 1939, and 1940." year="1945">Dickinson 1945</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: 15, pl. 19 Figs 37-38 (Mexican Pacific).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection lastPageId="23" lastPageNumber="24" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="material examined">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Material examined.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph lastPageId="23" lastPageNumber="24" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="25ED67AB3E2BFCE0CDC71AE5797D9358" lastPageId="23" lastPageNumber="24" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="material examined">
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||||
<paragraph id="953B685DC476E5F8C4D9F36B278FD6B0" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Material examined.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="42F9D48E1B56D27DDF847128CF6EA115" lastPageId="23" lastPageNumber="24" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
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||||
Holotype of
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon argon" order="Axinellida" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="argon">Cyamon argon</taxonomicName>
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||||
<taxonomicName id="968FEB0BEDE4153880BC51D9D67C2D41" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon argon" order="Axinellida" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="argon">Cyamon argon</taxonomicName>
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||||
, AHF-NHMLA L35535, D34, preserved in alcohol, Mexico, Cedros Island, South Bay, Hancock Pacific Exp
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<pageBreakToken pageId="23" pageNumber="24" start="start">editions</pageBreakToken>
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<pageBreakToken id="5B81455D74B5CCD4EEC0A577A284B9C6" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" start="start">editions</pageBreakToken>
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, Velero Station 287-34,
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="555" value="28.09">28.09°N</geoCoordinate>
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<geoCoordinate id="7878A4D04E57B2BBAE09E04691162099" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="555" value="28.09">28.09°N</geoCoordinate>
|
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5555" value="-115.3">115.3°W</geoCoordinate>
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<geoCoordinate id="BA84CF12B5B58730A3F8FC4835FC6E77" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5555" value="-115.3">115.3°W</geoCoordinate>
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, 18-27 m, among kelp, 10 March 1934.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
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</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection lastPageId="25" lastPageNumber="26" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Description.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Shape upright, bilobed thick branches (Fig. 12A), spreading out upwards, with longitudinal grooves and covered in rounded spiny projections and conules. Height and diameter 3.5 cm, stalk approximately 1.5 cm. Colour (preserved) red-brown. Consistency tough, barely incompressible.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Skeleton: axial-columnar, with surface projections formed by the outwardly directed columns (Fig. 12B) branching off from the axial region. Columns have a core of short thick styles and polyactines crowned at the surface by long thin styles accompanied by (rare) short thin centrotylote styles.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Spicules: long thin styles, short thin styles, short thick styles, polyactines.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="56D8C5B514B3E0280EF42DE2C9BD9DB2" lastPageId="25" lastPageNumber="26" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph id="01579250F9C8896221C3F3D74D92CC3C" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Description.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="3C19831512753C865D810384C29C05FD" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Shape upright, bilobed thick branches (Fig. 12A), spreading out upwards, with longitudinal grooves and covered in rounded spiny projections and conules. Height and diameter 3.5 cm, stalk approximately 1.5 cm. Colour (preserved) red-brown. Consistency tough, barely incompressible.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="5DD77887528CD06FF74F558B6692F345" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Skeleton: axial-columnar, with surface projections formed by the outwardly directed columns (Fig. 12B) branching off from the axial region. Columns have a core of short thick styles and polyactines crowned at the surface by long thin styles accompanied by (rare) short thin centrotylote styles.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="ED88CF5D99E4BDE40056BA3CB0733E01" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Spicules: long thin styles, short thin styles, short thick styles, polyactines.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="CA17955CE3CC3634345401D77A762870" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||||
Long thin styles (Fig. 13A), mostly broken in the slides, one complete one measured 960
|
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
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<normalizedToken id="08866874B94A0691B346AB290FA5DFFF" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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15
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="B9D56EAEC67F06AA78C06355A1BF4BBC" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||||
<paragraph id="E101E84380B77139C19CFD67C8AD71A6" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||||
Short thin centrotylote (Figs 13C, C1, C2), wavy to somewhat crooked, with one end rounded and the other mucronate-spined, 210
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="–250.6–">-250.6-</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="7B13AFF98E075A700365131BA89D3134" originalValue="–250.6–">-250.6-</normalizedToken>
|
||||
348
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||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="92DAC1C6067708F3D431F534D4E97109" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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3
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<normalizedToken originalValue="–3.6–">-3.6-</normalizedToken>
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<normalizedToken id="63EA7D7A75BFDFDA29F47CA2E7D0590C" originalValue="–3.6–">-3.6-</normalizedToken>
|
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4
|
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="5C9CA304245D13CACF95E2BC18AB3CAC" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||||
<paragraph id="18F62BCE4F1AAFA14F86A52CC15FA4E2" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||||
Short thick styles (Figs 13B, B1), smooth curved evenly, 350
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="–480.5–">-480.5-</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="E54795918ACA081A53DA7DBD87674B3E" originalValue="–480.5–">-480.5-</normalizedToken>
|
||||
593
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||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="F296DF46EE18BAEBEF952CF7509AC110" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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||||
15
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<normalizedToken originalValue="–32.3–">-32.3-</normalizedToken>
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<normalizedToken id="20DA691CA0C692849F4F67901857D05B" originalValue="–32.3–">-32.3-</normalizedToken>
|
||||
42
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="7D4693C75CC1890B3563BAD620A4DF03" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph lastPageId="25" lastPageNumber="26" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||||
<paragraph id="556103CE287DAE96C85CF19BAC1530BF" lastPageId="25" lastPageNumber="26" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||||
Polyactines (Figs 12C, 13D-E) two-, three-, four- and five-claded, quite variable in shape and size. T-shaped spicules (Fig. 13D) similar to those found in
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Trikentrion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trikentrion" order="Axinellida" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">Trikentrion</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<pageBreakToken pageId="24" pageNumber="25" start="start">are</pageBreakToken>
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||||
<taxonomicName id="B7EB3F4EF7C489B0ABB133F20C57E333" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Trikentrion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trikentrion" order="Axinellida" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">Trikentrion</taxonomicName>
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||||
<pageBreakToken id="84F021D42DA74842EE31FB602D24A762" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" start="start">are</pageBreakToken>
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common. Basal cladi usually prominently spined (Fig. 13D1), lateral cladi finely spined (Fig. 13D2). No entirely smooth spicules were observed. Diactinal spicules (Fig. 13E) with swollen excentrical swellings and spined apices, often sharply angulated. Three-claded spicules with basal cladi 45
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="–60.7–">-60.7-</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="622B9EB46BA5F391698BC52640B7F62A" originalValue="–60.7–">-60.7-</normalizedToken>
|
||||
78
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="0B1A0A1C922561702AE5FA6A51D88097" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
6
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="–14.9–">-14.9-</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="C608E128F3B250FBB96BBF24E701B4FB" originalValue="–14.9–">-14.9-</normalizedToken>
|
||||
22
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="E65A192B6351B68A4BDCA71A642F48F7" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
, lateral cladi 30
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="–110.7–">-110.7-</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="DEEE72F5D6A292D2471DE485CA624A09" originalValue="–110.7–">-110.7-</normalizedToken>
|
||||
162
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="28128B2AF02015934C0E34E3CD5A3942" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
5
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="–17.0–">-17.0-</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="D67306C4D595099CA0CDD85407FFC6D1" originalValue="–17.0–">-17.0-</normalizedToken>
|
||||
21
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="07FC0893C7BF8723BA7460906487CA67" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
. Four-claded spicules have basal cladi 33
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="–44.8–">-44.8-</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="8BAE5CE1302A296CEC4864690D445569" originalValue="–44.8–">-44.8-</normalizedToken>
|
||||
51
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<pageBreakToken pageId="25" pageNumber="26" start="start">9</pageBreakToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="–14.9–">-14.9-</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="696808221A3D44CB815E64F07B2FFBFB" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<pageBreakToken id="4FE8B7B2886092FBABE5D3C0B219A24C" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" start="start">9</pageBreakToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="2EA425B74C7FD9F8C5AE711D7728B1DE" originalValue="–14.9–">-14.9-</normalizedToken>
|
||||
21
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="252A43CD770E43B3C3A3551722DFD81A" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
, lateral cladi 63
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="–86.2–">-86.2-</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="D8B1A9462C45DBBDBB17620A5E7E588C" originalValue="–86.2–">-86.2-</normalizedToken>
|
||||
123
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="907F32C0989D142E96C71B932000EC38" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
7-18
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="C0FD0855BCD096581A269EA509A23703" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
. Diactinal spicules: 204
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="–245.1–">-245.1-</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="B3AA466E9FDC02381D27D68338BD40B1" originalValue="–245.1–">-245.1-</normalizedToken>
|
||||
312
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="0D77B8100A9403B26B1E898216490B37" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
18
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="–22.8–">-22.8-</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="D7B88F4B942A97924ED752036D1CC398" originalValue="–22.8–">-22.8-</normalizedToken>
|
||||
31
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="4BEB7E968467CDB4F63A3A8315B1677C" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
|
||||
<caption id="54C8226C63914ED431E96AEA034A0B43" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
|
||||
<paragraph id="234D0A3405561A5A249CE996A8DA5D42" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
|
||||
Figure 12.
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon argon" order="Axinellida" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="argon">Cyamon argon</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="0146A1739D8FEA49C7378CD4EB37BE0D" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon argon" order="Axinellida" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="argon">Cyamon argon</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Dickinson, 1945, holotype AHF-NHMLA L35535 (D34), A shape (scale mm) (photo Phyllis Sun) B microphoto of cross section of skeleton showing columns of styles supported by polyactines C microphoto of a range of polyactine shapes.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<caption pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
|
||||
<caption id="A8CBE76DEC65427AA9E8CD174D18B82E" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
|
||||
<paragraph id="476C16F9C4F4C82443559FD8B425A4BD" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
|
||||
Figure 13.
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon argon" order="Axinellida" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="argon">Cyamon argon</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="E3516E4AE1362A783A9AA0C5555D6206" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon argon" order="Axinellida" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="argon">Cyamon argon</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Dickinson, 1945, holotype AHF-NHMLA L35535 (D34), A detail of head of long thin style B short thick style B1 detail of head of short thick style C short thin centrotylote (strongylo-)style C1 detail of spined apex of short thin (strongylo-)style C2 detail of centrotylote part of short thin (strongylo-)style D polyactines D1 heavily spined basal cladus of polyactine D2 lightly spined lateral cladus of polyactine E diactine polyactines.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="25" pageNumber="26" type="distribution">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Distribution.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Pacific coast of North Mexico.</paragraph>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="8B50BCC8BC1C9E8466B62F8DBA2333FB" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" type="distribution">
|
||||
<paragraph id="F6F7640A66DC6B7BC86FCF38730EEB7B" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Distribution.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="7B87B8D48E77444003A9541B4D5EB175" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Pacific coast of North Mexico.</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="25" pageNumber="26" type="ecology">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Ecology.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="25" pageNumber="26">In kelp forest, 18-27 m.</paragraph>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="7AE6F13726686B501D35AD59203312D0" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" type="ecology">
|
||||
<paragraph id="B1880CBA6D94DDFD820A56FA866C2A39" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Ecology.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="0843639F426903FF9CFCC19C1A4204B3" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">In kelp forest, 18-27 m.</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="25" pageNumber="26" type="discussion">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Discussion.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="CF1FCA38FB2BA0507FE43CAC07949E0D" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" type="discussion">
|
||||
<paragraph id="86177550377E006A653A303D09E8121B" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Discussion.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="98D00CA96022A6CE0F23B3722B1CDFCE" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
|
||||
As pointed out above, this species is close to
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon neon" order="Axinellida" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="neon">Cyamon neon</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="B23E9890C9DDEDE548F7CC75D7D35B1D" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon neon" order="Axinellida" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="neon">Cyamon neon</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, and if more data on variation would become available, it is possible, in view of the nearness of both type localities that the two might be part of a single variable species. The following characteristics are similar between the two: long thin styles of 1000+
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="4C6A6FAA07E1D171A55B566A17A0433E" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
in length, the possession of short thin centrotylote styles with spined pointed apex (shared with
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon vickersii" order="Axinellida" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="vickersii">Cyamon vickersii</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="8D45377FB0A0602F1037E70B1E8EAAC2" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon vickersii" order="Axinellida" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="vickersii">Cyamon vickersii</taxonomicName>
|
||||
), smooth evenly curved short thick styles of 400-500
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="68A77FC98748392569514471751AD404" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
in length, polyactines consisting predominantly of three-claded polyactines with all cladi smooth except for the apices, short basal cladus compared to long lateral cladi, and the frequent occurrence of diactinal polyactines. However, there are also clear differences, which presently preclude synonymization of the two: shape bush-like in
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon argon" order="Axinellida" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="argon">Cyamon argon</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="674AC8D97FDCC2CF29F84EB62E7EEECA" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon argon" order="Axinellida" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="argon">Cyamon argon</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, massively encrusting in
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon neon" order="Axinellida" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="neon">Cyamon neon</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="79B7F9B81D0E0F6229C3B96D6B066CFA" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon neon" order="Axinellida" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="neon">Cyamon neon</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, thickness of short thick styles in
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon argon" order="Axinellida" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="argon">Cyamon argon</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="1F7460CF297CDA2F2EE82FE7A8F7E008" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon argon" order="Axinellida" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="argon">Cyamon argon</taxonomicName>
|
||||
twice that of
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon neon" order="Axinellida" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="neon">Cyamon neon</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="8B56965F7027E1A9DD45E07D6A7A46A7" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon neon" order="Axinellida" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="neon">Cyamon neon</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, basal cladi of the polyactines distinctly spined in
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon argon" order="Axinellida" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="argon">Cyamon argon</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="34807540F4F2C44A5683A99B2EAFCF6A" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon argon" order="Axinellida" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="argon">Cyamon argon</taxonomicName>
|
||||
whereas these are only rugose or even smooth in
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon neon" order="Axinellida" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="neon">Cyamon neon</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="5DB6F20259FE19B538C168CB2A04BE76" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon neon" order="Axinellida" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="neon">Cyamon neon</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, and finally the size (length but also thickness) of the lateral cladi in three-claded polyactines which are usually well over 200
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="11038926DA4160286AE280913FA65089" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
long and 20
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="6CDFCF1D8CF7C54506E8BF6746107955" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
thick in
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon argon" order="Axinellida" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="argon">Cyamon argon</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="5CAB351A90356C40E7BC5B4DFC3C6A0E" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon argon" order="Axinellida" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="argon">Cyamon argon</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, whereas those of
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon neon" order="Axinellida" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="neon">Cyamon neon</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="8638E52C080DCFBCA5671D4B392DAAEB" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon neon" order="Axinellida" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="neon">Cyamon neon</taxonomicName>
|
||||
are on average around 150
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="42ADCAF441F59CE4A9DBB82C45F1B2DF" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
10
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="3BF2F3DBF6AA019B7831999D402887A3" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
|
||||
<paragraph id="E494CE64D78112A53EF0149AD92C5D72" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
|
||||
With
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon vickersii" order="Axinellida" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="vickersii">Cyamon vickersii</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="1C7453E28A3AC69653445411E636D0B6" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon vickersii" order="Axinellida" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="vickersii">Cyamon vickersii</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, this species shares a more elaborate, upright growth form, which is otherwise rare in the genus.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -1,187 +1,187 @@
|
|||
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|
||||
</mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:namePart>Soest, Rob van</mods:namePart>
|
||||
<mods:namePart id="BDD67C4B90684AC0129D2D823CFE2E15">Soest, Rob van</mods:namePart>
|
||||
</mods:name>
|
||||
<mods:name type="personal">
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||||
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|
||||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Carballo, Jose Luis</mods:namePart>
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||||
<mods:namePart id="35F064858816566CDEB0385E5DC69D99">Carballo, Jose Luis</mods:namePart>
|
||||
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|
||||
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|
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Hooper, John</mods:namePart>
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||||
<mods:namePart id="1EFAF503E15DC3DC1C045A5E11B1B0CC">Hooper, John</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="2E410FF06C9C8DC757E60A56310F8A3D">ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
|
||||
<mods:date>2012</mods:date>
|
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>239</mods:number>
|
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<mods:part id="3C87B9B4451BC41561F14666FC2AD70E">
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<mods:date id="D5153EFC445E7B620C71B211106D9EE4">2012</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="C813895D63D740906B05A5E3EE3763EB">239</mods:number>
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="152037784" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:2203E72F032E81B6D7151497FD5EF7DC" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/2203E72F032E81B6D7151497FD5EF7DC" lastPageId="45" lastPageNumber="46" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="43" pageNumber="44" type="nomenclature">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
|
||||
<taxonomicName LSID="http://species-id.net/wiki/Trikentrion_catalina" authority="Sim & Bakus, 1986" authorityName="Sim & Bakus" authorityYear="1986" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Trikentrion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trikentrion catalina" order="Axinellida" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="catalina">Trikentrion catalina (Sim & Bakus, 1986)</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<treatment id="2203E72F032E81B6D7151497FD5EF7DC" ID-GBIF-Taxon="152037784" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:2203E72F032E81B6D7151497FD5EF7DC" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/2203E72F032E81B6D7151497FD5EF7DC" lastPageId="45" lastPageNumber="46" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="5E4DF7EE808337A1639D1E225A47F160" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" type="nomenclature">
|
||||
<paragraph id="B0EA02198A2530792BF94C419E493B0E" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="7A2B03BB0F836D90099DC18F1D965EA9" ID-CoL="7D65V" LSID="http://species-id.net/wiki/Trikentrion_catalina" authority="Sim & Bakus, 1986" authorityName="Sim & Bakus" authorityYear="1986" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Trikentrion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trikentrion catalina" order="Axinellida" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="catalina">Trikentrion catalina (Sim & Bakus, 1986)</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Figs 25
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="A–F">A-F</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="0DAA94280A9D98702D3D8EC785E31337" originalValue="A–F">A-F</normalizedToken>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="43" pageNumber="44" type="reference_group">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon catalina" order="Axinellida" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="catalina">Cyamon catalina</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Sim, CJ" journalOrPublisher="Occasional Papers of the Allan Hancock Foundation" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" pagination="1 - 23" title="Marine sponges of Santa Catalina Island, California." volume="5" year="1986">Sim and Bakus 1986</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="08D511AB9E35F2125E5CD2AA3A467B87" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" type="reference_group">
|
||||
<paragraph id="F36AE39F383B21CFA64B5EBDD33AC4C5" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="32F0FE5C74553EE81824029267CB291F" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon catalina" order="Axinellida" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="catalina">Cyamon catalina</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="0F0822DBE9A1FEE2C2D004C2EC207152" author="Sim, CJ" journalOrPublisher="Occasional Papers of the Allan Hancock Foundation" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" pagination="1 - 23" title="Marine sponges of Santa Catalina Island, California." volume="5" year="1986">Sim and Bakus 1986</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: 18, fig. 4;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Lee et al. 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="89D915CF020731311C8F741F856ED8BF" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Lee et al. 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: 211 (California).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="Not (Trikentrion) catalina" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" rank="species" species="catalina" subGenus="Trikentrion">Not: Trikentrion catalina</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<paragraph id="A9C6C6826BB1E7DE337981F335E8F61E" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="D20D1FC214B3577F578634D9A5687206" lsidName="Not (Trikentrion) catalina" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" rank="species" species="catalina" subGenus="Trikentrion">Not: Trikentrion catalina</taxonomicName>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Gomez, P" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" pagination="223 - 237" title="New records for the sponge fauna (Porifea: Demospongiae) of the Pacific coast of Mexico (eastern Pacific Ocean)." volume="115" year="2002">
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Gómez">Gomez</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="CF652FDFA5ECEB8B82FCC12B9BC3A843" author="Gomez, P" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" pagination="223 - 237" title="New records for the sponge fauna (Porifea: Demospongiae) of the Pacific coast of Mexico (eastern Pacific Ocean)." volume="115" year="2002">
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="3AFDB5D93931FE62E0D377B69ACA6157" originalValue="Gómez">Gomez</normalizedToken>
|
||||
et al. 2002
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
=
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Trikentrion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trikentrion helium" order="Axinellida" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="helium">Trikentrion helium</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="7D8894C7B2184BFA065713FE01D79102" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Trikentrion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trikentrion helium" order="Axinellida" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="helium">Trikentrion helium</taxonomicName>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="43" pageNumber="44" type="material examined">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Material examined.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="2ABA59290E13513C3CA75DBA7E4C8ED4" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" type="material examined">
|
||||
<paragraph id="1E35AFBA075823844D5BA93F0306FE81" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Material examined.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="E69B39816DAD02654089CCA0E04FA5B3" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
|
||||
Holotype USNM 33631, preserved in alcohol, California, Santa Catalina Island, Bird Rock,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="555" value="33.45">33.45°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="F84BF81F4BEA4E521FCEBE6CE0D91753" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="555" value="33.45">33.45°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-118.4833">118.4833°W</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="87098DEE0CFE693072CF0404C5C5E140" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-118.4833">118.4833°W</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
, on rocky cliff at 50 m depth, coll. K. McCleneghan.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Not examined: paratype BMNH 1985 (reg. nr. unknown), Santa Catalina Island, Ship Rock, on rock at 46 m depth, coll. R. Given.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="4BC7ADEA3490C937749FAAC7C093956D" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Not examined: paratype BMNH 1985 (reg. nr. unknown), Santa Catalina Island, Ship Rock, on rock at 46 m depth, coll. R. Given.</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection lastPageId="45" lastPageNumber="46" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Description.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="BFD35A3888196266859F2A6F9C638D33" lastPageId="45" lastPageNumber="46" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph id="9BD26744D86FE43652FBB03B20A66015" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Description.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="5FE48E41702166F11BCEF2861A9E4100" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
|
||||
Flabelliform sponge (Fig. 25A), measuring 15
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="1723F8CE48CCC53217679887C8F956A4" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
8 by 0.4 cm, attached to rocks by a 3
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="94CD155ADE7DFE65AEAFFF24FE55D4D4" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
0.6 cm stalk. Surface hispid. No oscules apparent. Consistency firm and leathery. Color reddish orange (alive), pale beige (alcohol).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Skeleton (Fig. 25B): choanosome densely packed with three-claded polyactines; ectosome with long, relatively thick styles surrounded by dense bouquets of short thin styles; trichodragmata commonly observed especially in the peripheral parts.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Spicules: long (thin) styles, short thin styles, polyactines, trichodragmas.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
|
||||
<paragraph id="A90B5D46C1636EDBD4EFC86638A4831A" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Skeleton (Fig. 25B): choanosome densely packed with three-claded polyactines; ectosome with long, relatively thick styles surrounded by dense bouquets of short thin styles; trichodragmata commonly observed especially in the peripheral parts.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="033B372B0228FA240A62F97C11444C38" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Spicules: long (thin) styles, short thin styles, polyactines, trichodragmas.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="AB6A467943711F243B39CF4A58020E26" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
|
||||
Long (thin) styles (Fig. 25C), usually broken and only a few could be measured: 1400-5400
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="70E4536C4688E8B7935CCFDE5A998646" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
8-40
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="0E86016EFBD6C75432AA3F6A021636C2" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
, so not really thin.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
|
||||
<pageBreakToken pageId="44" pageNumber="45" start="start">Short</pageBreakToken>
|
||||
<paragraph id="268B507338CEF7EE34EEF52414D423C3" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
|
||||
<pageBreakToken id="D27B952F2518D836332A73B7F3592EF4" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" start="start">Short</pageBreakToken>
|
||||
thin styles (Fig. 25D), 130
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="–611.3–">-611.3-</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="E3D98CF68E436C83595E66BA93F9B409" originalValue="–611.3–">-611.3-</normalizedToken>
|
||||
730
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="E4B5A03B0E979011B3326FCEB5A1AA1C" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
3
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="–5.6–">-5.6-</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="2435C929728072A2ED54B71DBD9D7019" originalValue="–5.6–">-5.6-</normalizedToken>
|
||||
8
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="49213A25002D242E98776ECEB72D3FC8" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
,
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
|
||||
<paragraph id="D5EE29C1A1550A8FC90AD51EFEB51466" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
|
||||
Polyactines (Figs 25E, E1), predominantly three-claded, with spined shorter basal cladi (Fig. 25E1), occasionally with few or no spines on the basal cladi, and smooth, longer, relatively pointed lateral cladi; occasionally four-claded; size basal cladi 78
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="–98.7–">-98.7-</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="317D64285B5F97A992BE17C20152ECD0" originalValue="–98.7–">-98.7-</normalizedToken>
|
||||
126
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="D40D81E93BB524F5FA167A20099100AF" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
16
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="–25.3–">-25.3-</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="C4C881168121B62FAC052A8277621895" originalValue="–25.3–">-25.3-</normalizedToken>
|
||||
31
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="0140F6AE9B971D4F97EEE8AC5D5AA20A" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
, lateral cladi 156
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="–197.7–">-197.7-</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="EA020B5E7AF24F1968C964E0450B536B" originalValue="–197.7–">-197.7-</normalizedToken>
|
||||
236
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="8DE68D007C0880654B4B38C12A8EFD3D" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
18
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="–24.4–">-24.4-</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="AC55922907F562B7D58920C9BCCD914E" originalValue="–24.4–">-24.4-</normalizedToken>
|
||||
29
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="13825CC6DA9AFD33550CC35477787CB2" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
|
||||
<pageBreakToken pageId="45" pageNumber="46" start="start">Trichodragmas</pageBreakToken>
|
||||
<paragraph id="1442798032DC91F4D8D0BE8E5F30B22B" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
|
||||
<pageBreakToken id="0A50DB5AE5A3ACB21F078C95EE7FAE23" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" start="start">Trichodragmas</pageBreakToken>
|
||||
: straight, with lightly spined raphides (Figs 25F, F1), 63
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="–79.3–">-79.3-</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="3F9668D9254EDEDB085492456BB3B18B" originalValue="–79.3–">-79.3-</normalizedToken>
|
||||
88
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="5FD3D43E02C4A72708D59435CC74FDAF" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
7
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="–10.2–">-10.2-</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="26AA8C88F12821F3EA69223B939B8B19" originalValue="–10.2–">-10.2-</normalizedToken>
|
||||
13
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="09C1EFF6476A73B95531E74BD4B7A734" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="45" pageNumber="46" type="distribution">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Distribution.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Santa Catalina Island, Southern California.</paragraph>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="B92B68415FCB15991623BEF0B7C6F93C" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" type="distribution">
|
||||
<paragraph id="03D77FA423524089378E40F2B849E48C" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Distribution.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="24F1A704F30B0F51DF2CDB8075D9E535" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Santa Catalina Island, Southern California.</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="45" pageNumber="46" type="ecology">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Ecology.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="45" pageNumber="46">On rocks, from 46-50 m depth.</paragraph>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="214DB1978FB8BBE256525D9F3FEE6423" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" type="ecology">
|
||||
<paragraph id="5C885D084264F4D5CB31489B3075369F" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Ecology.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="B48DD03DE8EF694639B70CBA415A9CB1" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">On rocks, from 46-50 m depth.</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="45" pageNumber="46" type="discussion">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Discussion.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C90AA93E79C841038ADF238E0BBBE25A" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" type="discussion">
|
||||
<paragraph id="53E7872933E43E106F7C94D105D500A1" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Discussion.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="B79C3D3BEFDF847CBB71B2D754A9DB72" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
|
||||
This species is assigned to
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Trikentrion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trikentrion" order="Axinellida" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">Trikentrion</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="28911BF1475B458A46641B9D864AF957" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Trikentrion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trikentrion" order="Axinellida" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">Trikentrion</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, because of the flabellate shape resembling
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Trikentrion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trikentrion flabelliforme" order="Axinellida" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="flabelliforme">Trikentrion flabelliforme</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Hentschel, E" journalOrPublisher="Abhandlungen herausgegeben von der Senckenbergischen naturforschenden Gesellschaft" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" pagination="293 - 448" title="Kiesel- und Hornschwaemme der Aru- und Kei-Inseln." volume="34" year="1912">Hentschel (1912)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="165DFD35878DCB3696DE4B5AC9EAD1FD" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Trikentrion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trikentrion flabelliforme" order="Axinellida" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="flabelliforme">Trikentrion flabelliforme</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="BA0C00AAA3FEA103DCE44DBB7A931091" author="Hentschel, E" journalOrPublisher="Abhandlungen herausgegeben von der Senckenbergischen naturforschenden Gesellschaft" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" pagination="293 - 448" title="Kiesel- und Hornschwaemme der Aru- und Kei-Inseln." volume="34" year="1912">Hentschel (1912)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
, the sagittal polyactines, three-claded with spines only on the basal cladus, and the possession of trichodragmas. It is similar to
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Trikentrion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trikentrion helium" order="Axinellida" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="helium">Trikentrion helium</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="EE4B24FF9E82D72101015A9C119A66F3" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Trikentrion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trikentrion helium" order="Axinellida" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="helium">Trikentrion helium</taxonomicName>
|
||||
in the lack of genuine choanosomal oxeas, and the short basal cladi of the polyactines. Remarkably, when describing
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Trikentrion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trikentrion catalina" order="Axinellida" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="catalina">Trikentrion catalina</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="B6912B6119649CEBCCC76B67D5C2CEB9" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Trikentrion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trikentrion catalina" order="Axinellida" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="catalina">Trikentrion catalina</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, Sim & Bakus (1986) did not notice - they did not discuss
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Trikentrion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trikentrion helium" order="Axinellida" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="helium">Trikentrion helium</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="1A3371FE08C1AFB671C115FCDC145509" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Trikentrion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trikentrion helium" order="Axinellida" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="helium">Trikentrion helium</taxonomicName>
|
||||
- the similarities with their species. Specimens assigned to
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Trikentrion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trikentrion catalina" order="Axinellida" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="catalina">Trikentrion catalina</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="3878B295B81C5AF0F3DC3A352F6CCE44" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Trikentrion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trikentrion catalina" order="Axinellida" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="catalina">Trikentrion catalina</taxonomicName>
|
||||
by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Gomez, P" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" pagination="223 - 237" title="New records for the sponge fauna (Porifea: Demospongiae) of the Pacific coast of Mexico (eastern Pacific Ocean)." volume="115" year="2002">
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Gómez">Gomez</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="BA95D227992706993C414EF233BA0E8A" author="Gomez, P" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" pagination="223 - 237" title="New records for the sponge fauna (Porifea: Demospongiae) of the Pacific coast of Mexico (eastern Pacific Ocean)." volume="115" year="2002">
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="C344F7C9496C8D02A8BFCAD22C1835D5" originalValue="Gómez">Gomez</normalizedToken>
|
||||
et al. (2002)
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
are considered to be long to
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Trikentrion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trikentrion helium" order="Axinellida" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="helium">Trikentrion helium</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="08A52EAF90B89111D9A25BCA99F2840A" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Trikentrion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trikentrion helium" order="Axinellida" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="helium">Trikentrion helium</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(see above).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
|
||||
<caption id="E69217F8B6FCF130B303EC4279BD5031" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
|
||||
<paragraph id="5DF0607FBFD5DDBF31EB899B65CC3CA1" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
|
||||
Figure 25.
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Trikentrion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trikentrion catalina" order="Axinellida" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="catalina">Trikentrion catalina</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="19D433718075773BA916883A8FEE2906" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Trikentrion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trikentrion catalina" order="Axinellida" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="catalina">Trikentrion catalina</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(Sim & Bakus, 1986), holotype USNM 33631, A shape of holotype specimen (scale bar = 1 cm) B cross section of skeleton C detail of head of long thin style D details of short thin style E three- and four-claded polyactines E1 detail of spined basal clade of polyactine F raphide F1 detail of raphide showing spination.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -1,195 +1,195 @@
|
|||
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="152037792" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:2626583C90E99D1C78044478FAC74052" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/2626583C90E99D1C78044478FAC74052" lastPageId="26" lastPageNumber="27" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
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<taxonomicName LSID="http://species-id.net/wiki/Cyamon_quinqueradiatum" authority="Carter, 1880" authorityName="Carter" authorityYear="1880" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon quinqueradiatum" order="Axinellida" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="quinqueradiatum">Cyamon quinqueradiatum (Carter, 1880)</taxonomicName>
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|
||||
<taxonomicName id="7423A928985FAE5627354AF704226D9A" ID-CoL="32N2L" LSID="http://species-id.net/wiki/Cyamon_quinqueradiatum" authority="Carter, 1880" authorityName="Carter" authorityYear="1880" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon quinqueradiatum" order="Axinellida" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="quinqueradiatum">Cyamon quinqueradiatum (Carter, 1880)</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Figs 14
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="A–D">A-D</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="6331D409AD21AF15FB24DA8125102B17" originalValue="A–D">A-D</normalizedToken>
|
||||
, 14E (right)
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="25" pageNumber="26" type="reference_group">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Microciona" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Microciona quinqueradiata" order="Axinellida" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="quinqueradiata">Microciona quinqueradiata</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Carter, HJ" journalOrPublisher="Tetrahedron" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" title="Report on specimens dredged up from the Gulf of Manaar and presented to the Liverpool Free Museum by Capt. W. H. Cawne Warren. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (5) 6: 35 - 61, 129 - 156." url="10.1080/00222938009458893" year="1880">Carter 1880</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
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<paragraph id="4BD763FAA6F17EED4ADA9322BAB3244E" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="FC4131E07E4ACD8F436A745577535972" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Microciona" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Microciona quinqueradiata" order="Axinellida" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="quinqueradiata">Microciona quinqueradiata</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="CDC24983DB711D440DD5FDB17D14AE7E" author="Carter, HJ" journalOrPublisher="Tetrahedron" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" title="Report on specimens dredged up from the Gulf of Manaar and presented to the Liverpool Free Museum by Capt. W. H. Cawne Warren. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (5) 6: 35 - 61, 129 - 156." url="10.1080/00222938009458893" year="1880">Carter 1880</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: 43, pl. IV fig. 5a-e (Gulf of Manaar, India).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon quinqueradiatum" order="Axinellida" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="quinqueradiatum">Cyamon quinqueradiatum</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<paragraph id="C05D36655604271872AE666BF3BF309A" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="45386DAEC0F1CB510FFA15CC86935839" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon quinqueradiatum" order="Axinellida" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="quinqueradiatum">Cyamon quinqueradiatum</taxonomicName>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Dendy 1905</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="221881B18676E581110373A240491EB4" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Dendy 1905</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: 178 (Gulf of Manaar, Sri Lanka).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="25" pageNumber="26" type="material examined">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Material examined.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="6ECF8283495D8AF0CAACF4439EBEF4BB" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" type="material examined">
|
||||
<paragraph id="11A7F8AE805EF05341266D26335E7698" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Material examined.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="5FB626EE00C673DDDC2CFF0F6533FB4B" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
|
||||
Seven slides from the collections of the Natural History Museum, BMNH 1954.2.23.8, made of
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Dendy’s">Dendy's</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="40D8D7EA2FE78450D6F572C52D5EDA6F" originalValue="Dendy’s">Dendy's</normalizedToken>
|
||||
(1905) topotypical material.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Carter’s">Carter's</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<paragraph id="C6308009AD4288A1CEA622CD29BD5B75" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="3C138460E52E4A27CF9BCA2074C03834" originalValue="Carter’s">Carter's</normalizedToken>
|
||||
specimen from the Gulf of Manaar is apparently lost from the collections of the National Museums Liverpool (Dr Ian Wallace, in litteris), no original slides have been found in the Natural History Museum (Ms Emma Sherlock, in litteris).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection lastPageId="26" lastPageNumber="27" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Description.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="A1A37DB9BDE9804AF6C5A58FC9678D18" lastPageId="26" lastPageNumber="27" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph id="A83245A8567870233B92A1CE04C2F12F" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Description.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BBAC9875FBCAE7CACF2C1C32F6E7013" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
|
||||
(Partly from Carter, 1880 and Dendy, 1905). Thinly encrusting, hispid, yellowish brown (alcohol) to cream color (dry).
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Dendy’s">Dendy's</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="249B0116E61C7B3AA0F0E95BAB22FFB3" originalValue="Dendy’s">Dendy's</normalizedToken>
|
||||
specimen was 1.1 cm in lateral expansion, 3 mm thick. Texture soft.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
|
||||
<paragraph id="B8F34F2BD936A553EB1D587E15B0C1B9" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
|
||||
Skeleton (Figs 14
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="A–C">A-C</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="0A7C23F1CF530A206F47BB1FF1B6AD3D" originalValue="A–C">A-C</normalizedToken>
|
||||
): bundles of subtylostyles and styles standing erect on the substratum, in the basal layer supported by polyactine spicules.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Spicules: predominant spicules are longer and shorter subtylostyles with a minority of thin styles and polyactines.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
|
||||
<pageBreakToken pageId="26" pageNumber="27" start="start">Subtylostyles</pageBreakToken>
|
||||
<paragraph id="587C8DCF17F3F7649A8B1E83C1CA7EC5" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Spicules: predominant spicules are longer and shorter subtylostyles with a minority of thin styles and polyactines.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="F6E6CD5DA795347FE94E9F0775F9D76C" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
|
||||
<pageBreakToken id="78AAB4D4C2909A396AEEA2BA70320D2D" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" start="start">Subtylostyles</pageBreakToken>
|
||||
, presumably a mixture of undifferentiated long thin styles and short thick styles, with prominent heads, usually lightly and gradually curved, in a large size range, which makes determining an average size meaningless: 129-1989
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="E8268EAE3A1C2537D57F2452B2683C1E" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
3-33
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="F144E57C37F6F26EEA17D58888D7757B" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
|
||||
<paragraph id="3F18B4B7969E9DEDCFA625244C8A0C61" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
|
||||
Thin styles, tapering gradually to thinly pointed curved ends, size range limited, 492-698
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="A76F442B86BCC530978BB2C2115BBD8C" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
3-5
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="1189FC7584399DE53E249471EE69B5F9" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
. Dendy believed these spicules to be growth stages of the subtylostyles, but we regard them, like Carter, as a separate spicule category.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
|
||||
<paragraph id="A3353AA0CA663D133C29A1A01B5CC298" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
|
||||
Polyactines [Figs 14D, 14E(right)], predominantly five-claded (a few four-claded forms were observed), with the basal cladus relatively finely spined, the lateral cladi smooth, with mucronate, occasionally bifid ends, basal cladi 45
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="–62.8–">-62.8-</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="FF78740F5E16DCBD7E10AD03BC4455E4" originalValue="–62.8–">-62.8-</normalizedToken>
|
||||
93
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="18AFD5F32FBB2F920428CCA9B1639CB2" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
4
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="–5.9–">-5.9-</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="540C4EF023CEF1A9D8AF05B576FADC6E" originalValue="–5.9–">-5.9-</normalizedToken>
|
||||
11
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="A221D318B897BA6D8300D162F05A1FCA" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
, lateral cladi 31
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="–38.4–">-38.4-</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="A15D762F4F26BCE2FF10BA2A8717D020" originalValue="–38.4–">-38.4-</normalizedToken>
|
||||
51
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="E627FB2C19B53B7C51638BB008E0264F" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
3
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="–4.8–">-4.8-</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="BBE487CF9E36CD3E3E709547EC08C368" originalValue="–4.8–">-4.8-</normalizedToken>
|
||||
7
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="8400A948421C712EEA80CBFB0FCD0E29" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
|
||||
<caption id="2B971AD4F95550EC46CBC4DB80160ECF" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
|
||||
<paragraph id="2226DCFE1AAC6282DF27CFF66DC7687C" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
|
||||
Figure 14.
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon quinqueradiatum" order="Axinellida" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="quinqueradiatum">Cyamon quinqueradiatum</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="6EE0D8ED08C2BBF6A5333A34565B9A63" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon quinqueradiatum" order="Axinellida" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="quinqueradiatum">Cyamon quinqueradiatum</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Carter, 1880, images of
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Dendy’s">Dendy's</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="17E116FB9455AD2766FAD9454D443259" originalValue="Dendy’s">Dendy's</normalizedToken>
|
||||
(1905) non-type slides BMNH 1954.2.23.8 (
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="A–E">A-E</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="D2CDE04C4A7734F27229633B6E0ADEEC" originalValue="A–E">A-E</normalizedToken>
|
||||
) and
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon quadriradiatum" order="Axinellida" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="quadriradiatum">Cyamon quadriradiatum</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="DC8650739D7DB42C74D25E3DE1882E51" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon quadriradiatum" order="Axinellida" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="quadriradiatum">Cyamon quadriradiatum</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Carter, 1880 (E left),
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="A–C">A-C</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="28CCF2872625D6B9EE711B695D992003" originalValue="A–C">A-C</normalizedToken>
|
||||
various perpendicular sections showing long subtylostyles and basal polyactines of
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon quinqueradiatum" order="Axinellida" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="quinqueradiatum">Cyamon quinqueradiatum</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2C44F35218F971C32ACC3FF880736697" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon quinqueradiatum" order="Axinellida" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="quinqueradiatum">Cyamon quinqueradiatum</taxonomicName>
|
||||
D polyactine of
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon quinqueradiatum" order="Axinellida" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="quinqueradiatum">Cyamon quinqueradiatum</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="9D4A7A3AC76AA264E847B7F3730DE26C" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon quinqueradiatum" order="Axinellida" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="quinqueradiatum">Cyamon quinqueradiatum</taxonomicName>
|
||||
showing spined basal cladus and smooth lateral cladi E
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon quadriradiatum" order="Axinellida" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="quadriradiatum">Cyamon quadriradiatum</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="CD5845E61B29E36759A8916614194A11" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon quadriradiatum" order="Axinellida" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="quadriradiatum">Cyamon quadriradiatum</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Carter, 1880 and
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon quinqueradiatum" order="Axinellida" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="quinqueradiatum">Cyamon quinqueradiatum</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="173F2F3DB001D8C7C5F867C880F09FD9" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon quinqueradiatum" order="Axinellida" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="quinqueradiatum">Cyamon quinqueradiatum</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Carter, 1880, original drawings from Carter, 1880, E (right)
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon quinqueradiatum" order="Axinellida" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="quinqueradiatum">Cyamon quinqueradiatum</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="D458F597ECA12F6CEBA750F2F1F412F9" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon quinqueradiatum" order="Axinellida" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="quinqueradiatum">Cyamon quinqueradiatum</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, right side of figure, showing long subtylostyle, short subtylostyle, thin style, and polyactine with spined basal cladus and smooth lateral cladi E(left)
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon quadriratiatum" order="Axinellida" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="quadriratiatum">Cyamon quadriratiatum</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="25EEF80C375507D0EFDAA0DF58B97134" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon quadriratiatum" order="Axinellida" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="quadriratiatum">Cyamon quadriratiatum</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, left side of figure, showing long thick style, thin wavy spicule, and entirely spined polyactines.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="26" pageNumber="27" type="distribution">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Distribution.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Only known from the Gulf of Manaar.</paragraph>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="2B9826DAF2DD85EAE51E53F918E19456" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" type="distribution">
|
||||
<paragraph id="CB8D59DEB88B837BAE91ED01F0AD6884" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Distribution.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="71E97923848CA1A34485D38266406864" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Only known from the Gulf of Manaar.</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="26" pageNumber="27" type="ecology">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Ecology.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Deep water (not specified).</paragraph>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="6BE42484C96436D69F937FDE4E98AC14" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" type="ecology">
|
||||
<paragraph id="C404C7609FA2D61ACF1F01F14339E7F4" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Ecology.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="C439456786C56CA10058AF401B92F84D" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Deep water (not specified).</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="26" pageNumber="27" type="discussion">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Discussion.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="82F6AD736C5832B27AA405C6BF0AD6C0" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" type="discussion">
|
||||
<paragraph id="203A9F7FEE41ECE7D683104BE4CE1693" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Discussion.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="978A52AA0D3F3AC3F3EAD956964D44C9" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
|
||||
As pointed out above, Mauritanian
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon arguinense" order="Axinellida" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="arguinense">Cyamon arguinense</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4BE66852C4A5EF95750BB9B28965C91A" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon arguinense" order="Axinellida" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="arguinense">Cyamon arguinense</taxonomicName>
|
||||
sp. n. shares many features with Indian Ocean
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon quinqueradiatum" order="Axinellida" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="quinqueradiatum">Cyamon quinqueradiatum</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="B2ADF93F3C42B2B7C2938F83A74824AF" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon quinqueradiatum" order="Axinellida" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="quinqueradiatum">Cyamon quinqueradiatum</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, including the smooth lateral cladi and the lack of differentiation of the long thin and short thick styles. Although the
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon" order="Axinellida" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">Cyamon</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="C27889E889816417DE632AF45519ABC4" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon" order="Axinellida" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">Cyamon</taxonomicName>
|
||||
nature of this species has never been challenged, it is nevertheless obvious from the original description and drawing by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Carter, HJ" journalOrPublisher="Tetrahedron" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" title="Report on specimens dredged up from the Gulf of Manaar and presented to the Liverpool Free Museum by Capt. W. H. Cawne Warren. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (5) 6: 35 - 61, 129 - 156." url="10.1080/00222938009458893" year="1880">Carter (1880)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="0AE3D2C934B9022289B17D775331170C" author="Carter, HJ" journalOrPublisher="Tetrahedron" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" title="Report on specimens dredged up from the Gulf of Manaar and presented to the Liverpool Free Museum by Capt. W. H. Cawne Warren. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (5) 6: 35 - 61, 129 - 156." url="10.1080/00222938009458893" year="1880">Carter (1880)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
and the subsequent record of
|
||||
<bibRefCitation pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Dendy (1905)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="9A5289CAF7B30DF283A95896482689F8" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Dendy (1905)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
that the polyactines of this species have only their basal cladi spined, an alleged prominent and discriminating feature of the genus
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Trikentrion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trikentrion" order="Axinellida" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">Trikentrion</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="16A599BE6A68AADFE576C9604C7BEACC" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Trikentrion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trikentrion" order="Axinellida" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">Trikentrion</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. We have confirmed single cladus spination by examining a series of slides of
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Dendy’s">Dendy's</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="EF7623DB37A4A9D3D5FC6130AA5DF1BA" originalValue="Dendy’s">Dendy's</normalizedToken>
|
||||
material. The structure of the skeleton with longer and shorter styles originating from a basal mass of polyactines is characteristic for
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon" order="Axinellida" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">Cyamon</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="ADE474F792EDF65BE0CB5D5D0C09A981" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon" order="Axinellida" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">Cyamon</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. This indicates that emphasis on a single spined cladus versus all cladi spined as a difference between
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon" order="Axinellida" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">Cyamon</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="C3D56FE98D94552665D9DE27521F528A" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon" order="Axinellida" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">Cyamon</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Trikentrion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trikentrion" order="Axinellida" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">Trikentrion</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="819750E4C244B2D575B65086154C8A61" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Trikentrion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trikentrion" order="Axinellida" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">Trikentrion</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is wrong. See further discussion below. Among the species of
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon" order="Axinellida" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">Cyamon</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="AC2181E45C05F0AA2643442C57E74EEA" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon" order="Axinellida" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">Cyamon</taxonomicName>
|
||||
the present species also stands out by the extreme length variation of the structural subtylostyles, assuming these are homologous with the 'short thick
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="styles’">styles'</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="07975655CA3AC014CB8EF79EE0318E19" originalValue="styles’">styles'</normalizedToken>
|
||||
of many other
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon" order="Axinellida" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">Cyamon</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="66BB9171F7B900C89C7AC100724B9BB0" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon" order="Axinellida" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">Cyamon</taxonomicName>
|
||||
species, and perhaps related to it, the absence of a category of long thin styles. The thin styles observed above are assumed by their size to be homologous to the peripheral short thin styles surrounding the long thin styles in other species.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -1,166 +1,166 @@
|
|||
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="152037791" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:2EE01ED16321C18EF74E2BF5A9E58FEB" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/2EE01ED16321C18EF74E2BF5A9E58FEB" lastPageNumber="22" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
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<taxonomicName LSID="http://species-id.net/wiki/Cyamon_koltuni" authority="Sim & Bakus, 1986" authorityName="Sim & Bakus" authorityYear="1986" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon koltuni" order="Axinellida" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="koltuni">Cyamon koltuni Sim & Bakus, 1986</taxonomicName>
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|
||||
<taxonomicName id="756DD64ED4643726815BCD1F80F860F3" ID-CoL="32N2H" LSID="http://species-id.net/wiki/Cyamon_koltuni" authority="Sim & Bakus, 1986" authorityName="Sim & Bakus" authorityYear="1986" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon koltuni" order="Axinellida" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="koltuni">Cyamon koltuni Sim & Bakus, 1986</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Figs 10
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="A–F">A-F</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="77D645A354D2D3EF1AF8D407A41F3F0E" originalValue="A–F">A-F</normalizedToken>
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||||
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||||
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|
||||
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||||
<paragraph pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon koltuni" order="Axinellida" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="koltuni">Cyamon koltuni</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Sim, CJ" journalOrPublisher="Occasional Papers of the Allan Hancock Foundation" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" pagination="1 - 23" title="Marine sponges of Santa Catalina Island, California." volume="5" year="1986">Sim and Bakus 1986</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="74C07B8C4CFB880B5D0802846C11B92C" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="reference_group">
|
||||
<paragraph id="B4592B01DB6EEB5FBD55D085901CCF5E" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="6A8415CF4238B394E04C5E186465966F" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon koltuni" order="Axinellida" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="koltuni">Cyamon koltuni</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="BB178737E2833BFC239199AB261F914D" author="Sim, CJ" journalOrPublisher="Occasional Papers of the Allan Hancock Foundation" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" pagination="1 - 23" title="Marine sponges of Santa Catalina Island, California." volume="5" year="1986">Sim and Bakus 1986</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: 18, fig. 3 (California);
|
||||
<bibRefCitation pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Lee et al. 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="4E2A08C2667DA19EBE45EA5B79334242" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Lee et al. 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: 210.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="material examined">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Material examined.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="88B242F72FAC63B7DC78A01BCD12A780" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="material examined">
|
||||
<paragraph id="4BFEC02F47787396AC07F46BD63A3D8E" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Material examined.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="E1343E71C6ED30CF9FEAE8A5B169A477" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
|
||||
HolotypeUSNM 33630, preserved in alcohol, California, Santa Catalina Island, Big
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Fisherman’s">Fisherman's</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="65062A6F0A79A14AC05E8DF16239F498" originalValue="Fisherman’s">Fisherman's</normalizedToken>
|
||||
Cove,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="555" value="33.45">33.45°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="D0B7570CC511D735EC6048A7BCD16610" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="555" value="33.45">33.45°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-118.4833">118.4833°W</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="1F8E63C6D07FC9CC03A18515F4E7B6E8" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-118.4833">118.4833°W</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
, 6 m.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
|
||||
<paragraph id="CDB7B57D4800E04693548A48B97591E0" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
|
||||
LEB-ICML-UNAM 1497, preserved in alcohol, Mexican Pacific, Islas Marietas (Nayarit), Cueva Marietas,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="20.7003">20.7003°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="38ED389BA34DD15ABE27A84AEC6210CA" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="20.7003">20.7003°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-105.5658">105.5658°W</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="E91FBDA0E19B1C2F8EAACF4897674B67" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-105.5658">105.5658°W</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
, 11 m, coll. J.L. Carballo, 11
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="–10–">-10-</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="B7EE4A6C0B6EE032D085B303358BA1A7" originalValue="–10–">-10-</normalizedToken>
|
||||
2006.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
|
||||
<paragraph id="D9495F94CFDD037779DE136B4E322F74" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
|
||||
The holotype (Fig. 10A1) was received on loan from the Smithsonian Institution, but in view of the small crust and previous studies of it, including SEM examination (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Sim, CJ" journalOrPublisher="Occasional Papers of the Allan Hancock Foundation" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" pagination="1 - 23" title="Marine sponges of Santa Catalina Island, California." volume="5" year="1986">Sim and Bakus 1986</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="E306503673E3202FA3320FA4161B830B" author="Sim, CJ" journalOrPublisher="Occasional Papers of the Allan Hancock Foundation" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" pagination="1 - 23" title="Marine sponges of Santa Catalina Island, California." volume="5" year="1986">Sim and Bakus 1986</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: Fig. 3;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Lee et al. 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="0ADC14C867443AB041961413510DA6CD" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Lee et al. 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
), and the presence of additional material, it was decided that no further sampling of it was necessary. We report the occurrence of a second specimen of this species from Mexican Pacific waters, from which we obtained our data for the description below.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Description.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="782426682053E108010947DB38DDFD4F" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph id="1C2D77C37E4A44D06D954D24BEB53441" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Description.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="6A4377A9B2D5BF4981B5B29E16A4FC23" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
|
||||
Thinly encrusting (Fig. 10A1, A2) on rocks, color bright orange. Size of Mexican specimen 12
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="664EF6C028D978F991751F6D972F135D" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
15 cm, thickness 1 mm. Surface very hispid.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Skeleton: a basal mass of polyactine spicules (Fig. 10B), upon which with styles are erected (Fig. 10C), no discernible skeletal organization due to thinness.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Spicules: long thin styles, short thin styles, short thick styles, polyactines.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
|
||||
<paragraph id="6DB024BAF4DFE3DADD2F04957EDC44BE" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Skeleton: a basal mass of polyactine spicules (Fig. 10B), upon which with styles are erected (Fig. 10C), no discernible skeletal organization due to thinness.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="A2B79F23B18A5DD5A9668A9697A4DB80" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Spicules: long thin styles, short thin styles, short thick styles, polyactines.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="3777E56F305C1697701AFEAEE10788A1" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
|
||||
Long thin styles (Fig. 10D, 10D1): rather straight, with faint subterminal tyle at the rounded end, 900
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="–967–">-967-</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="C80F95D2A2CA8971CEBBF3CF993D870E" originalValue="–967–">-967-</normalizedToken>
|
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1400
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="8C9CC21457D51C01829FFC6CEDE68655" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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5
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||||
<normalizedToken id="F931DCD658E5000072CD7AE7253E3B04" originalValue="–5.9–">-5.9-</normalizedToken>
|
||||
7
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="9519422D5645C073856A1F9536BED7DF" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
|
||||
<paragraph id="99CCA96ADFA260FE69A2CB3733270820" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
|
||||
Short thin styles (Fig. 10E), occasionally oxea-like with tapering thin endings, 265-370
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="359B89E58A7871B3BED2936BFDF6F058" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
2.5-5
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="D296CA29ECBFA70F5073988F7D7B25F9" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
|
||||
<paragraph id="771F6A23BE09272A07969C3F46577B93" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
|
||||
Short thick styles (Fig. 10F): slightly curved and thickest subterminally near the faintly constricted rounded end, 150
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="–316–">-316-</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="62D936D02705F0C12538B5AB0A28AE0F" originalValue="–316–">-316-</normalizedToken>
|
||||
425
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="71FE17F2FEF32F5FFEAD70F13BAD41AE" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
10
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="–14.7–">-14.7-</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="1AFC973B2C21092A95730D5E7858E6FF" originalValue="–14.7–">-14.7-</normalizedToken>
|
||||
25
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="6B36B7405106F19633D25011D72EF8F4" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
|
||||
<paragraph id="932B3FF09662579FC0EF517C9FD731D1" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
|
||||
Polyactines (Fig. 10G): three-six claded, cladi spined predominantly at the apices; basal cladi pointed, spined more heavily than the lateral cladi, which are provided with prominent bulbous apices, 35
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="–46–">-46-</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="AD505A19DBD4E9F267E76ED443BC2485" originalValue="–46–">-46-</normalizedToken>
|
||||
66
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="53F86B1512850266E04CF0367FA75CAF" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
5
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="–8.9–">-8.9-</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="69A4187C7F20584DF82A0A3CD6DF225B" originalValue="–8.9–">-8.9-</normalizedToken>
|
||||
10
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="AA424A6D312A8ED2B7CA4CA79B96BD07" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
|
||||
<caption id="1AB7079602AA0EAD649B9DDB7853E162" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
|
||||
<paragraph id="5745D97F6B3039367781E1A07109B2D4" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
|
||||
Figure 10.
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon koltuni" order="Axinellida" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="koltuni">Cyamon koltuni</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="E8AEF9FF7707ADC863010C152CAFB7D7" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon koltuni" order="Axinellida" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="koltuni">Cyamon koltuni</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Sim & Bakus, 1986, A1 Californian holotype, USNM 33630, encrusting a rock (scale = 1 cm) A2 Mexican Pacific specimen LEB-ICML-UNAM 1497 B cross section of peripheral region C thick section of basal mass of polyactines D fragments of long thin style D1 microphoto of detail of rounded apex of long thin style E short thin style F short thick styles G three- to five-claded polyactines showing prominent bulbous ending of lateral cladi.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="distribution">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Distribution.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Southern California, Pacific coast of Mexico.</paragraph>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="E9BFAFB8A29AF8FF78DF91D82105AC36" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="distribution">
|
||||
<paragraph id="A4BAAD05F1795A4F11AAC4B4361B1D99" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Distribution.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="BCD9F987F062AE0D4A901A0F08525729" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Southern California, Pacific coast of Mexico.</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="ecology">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Ecology.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Under rocks and in caves in shallow water.</paragraph>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="F1C088B97C7141DB27AC2CF1E209ADFE" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="ecology">
|
||||
<paragraph id="E1DCEAA2048BD0621FC4889CC2020B60" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Ecology.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="70C4C3933A002160567C88B30379D1E8" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Under rocks and in caves in shallow water.</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="discussion">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Discussion.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="B681F800655C0B0D09FEDC007CF57A65" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="discussion">
|
||||
<paragraph id="9CD0B968D469D1CDF91576C42AC385A2" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Discussion.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8F59E15416712342C6BE019FBA2C9FF7" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
|
||||
The enhanced bulbous endings of the polyactines is distinctive and is only matched by those of
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon amphipolyactinum" order="Axinellida" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="amphipolyactinum">Cyamon amphipolyactinum</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="E3DA4767FBA329A2A028120D8A5F13B6" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon amphipolyactinum" order="Axinellida" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="amphipolyactinum">Cyamon amphipolyactinum</taxonomicName>
|
||||
sp. n., but that species differs clearly by possessing a smaller category of amphipolyactines. It is generally similar to
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon agnani" order="Axinellida" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="agnani">Cyamon agnani</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="DF3FFF868CBF7473AA2DB976F80BE764" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon agnani" order="Axinellida" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="agnani">Cyamon agnani</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, differing from that species in the sizes of the styles and the very prominent bulbous endings of the cladi of the polyactines.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -1,364 +1,363 @@
|
|||
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="152050823" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:4A63EE9C5284C8542B6B1C1A0A574DA2" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/4A63EE9C5284C8542B6B1C1A0A574DA2" lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="21" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
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||||
<taxonomicName LSID="http://species-id.net/wiki/Oecetis_avara" authority="Banks" class="Insecta" family="Leptoceridae" genus="Oecetis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oecetis avara" order="Trichoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="avara">Oecetis avara (Banks)</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<treatment id="4A63EE9C5284C8542B6B1C1A0A574DA2" ID-GBIF-Taxon="152050823" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:4A63EE9C5284C8542B6B1C1A0A574DA2" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/4A63EE9C5284C8542B6B1C1A0A574DA2" lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="21" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" scope_family="Leptoceridae" scope_order="Trichoptera">
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|
||||
<taxonomicName id="EEAEA82FEAEEF58C19F8D72925A41E77" ID-CoL="6SHWW" LSID="http://species-id.net/wiki/Oecetis_avara" authority="Banks" class="Insecta" family="Leptoceridae" genus="Oecetis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oecetis avara" order="Trichoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="avara">Oecetis avara (Banks)</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Figs 5, 13, 14, 40, 41, Map 2
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="reference_group">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Leptoceridae" genus="Setodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Setodes avara" order="Trichoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="avara">Setodes avara</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Banks, N" journalOrPublisher="Transactions of the American Entomological Society" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" pagination="313 - 316" title="New neuropteroid insects." volume="22" year="1895">Banks 1895</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="250526DBC7D63234F56A7F51371E1620" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="reference_group">
|
||||
<paragraph id="1C0E1960312B7DD715990F4E187A0712" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="7A8B6533A38C4473B105CB32450BC5E1" class="Insecta" family="Leptoceridae" genus="Setodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Setodes avara" order="Trichoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="avara">Setodes avara</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="66AE93A54F05E09CCB85CC184CAFF97F" author="Banks, N" journalOrPublisher="Transactions of the American Entomological Society" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" pagination="313 - 316" title="New neuropteroid insects." volume="22" year="1895">Banks 1895</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: 316. [holotype male, Sherbrook Canada, pinned with genitalia in vial, MCZ type 11553].
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Leptoceridae" genus="Oecetina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oecetina avara" order="Trichoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="avara">Oecetina avara</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<paragraph id="159CA9215153292D0D159E8066538F25" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="3EDB8E12D57A8DEEFBF5717CC7E777E2" class="Insecta" family="Leptoceridae" genus="Oecetina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oecetina avara" order="Trichoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="avara">Oecetina avara</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(Banks): Banks 1899: 214.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" genus="Oecetodes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oecetodes avara" order="Trichoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="avara">Oecetodes avara</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<paragraph id="7A6AC3A2955EE9494406B83F2ACC29BD" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="9E95014A2242741BC04C7AEE81B4F16E" genus="Oecetodes" lsidName="Oecetodes avara" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" rank="species" species="avara">Oecetodes avara</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(Banks):
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Ulmer, G" journalOrPublisher="Annalen des Kaiserlich-Koeniglichen Naturhistorischen Hofmuseums Wien" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" pagination="59 - 98" title="Neue und wenig bekannte aussereuropaeische Trichopteren, hauptsaechlich aus dem Wiener Museum." volume="20" year="1905">Ulmer 1905</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="72779838994588963BB2D3D824F161A9" author="Ulmer, G" journalOrPublisher="Annalen des Kaiserlich-Koeniglichen Naturhistorischen Hofmuseums Wien" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" pagination="59 - 98" title="Neue und wenig bekannte aussereuropaeische Trichopteren, hauptsaechlich aus dem Wiener Museum." volume="20" year="1905">Ulmer 1905</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: 129.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Leptoceridae" genus="Oecetis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oecetis avara" order="Trichoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="avara">Oecetis avara</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<paragraph id="4A33B987A8CD21371DFA55F3FA426D02" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="61E1FC490BEB40CE79E659B55D0BF759" class="Insecta" family="Leptoceridae" genus="Oecetis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oecetis avara" order="Trichoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="avara">Oecetis avara</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(Banks): Sibley 1926: 105, 189;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Betten, C" journalOrPublisher="New York State Museum Bulletin" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" pagination="1 - 576" title="The caddisflies or Trichoptera of New York State." volume="292" year="1934">Betten 1934</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="0C2CC06FE0AFB09D318C6D3ECC04EBEA" author="Betten, C" journalOrPublisher="New York State Museum Bulletin" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" pagination="1 - 576" title="The caddisflies or Trichoptera of New York State." volume="292" year="1934">Betten 1934</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: 269 (plate 34, Figs 1-3) [description, illustration];
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Ross, HH" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the Illinois Natural History Survey" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" pagination="1 - 326" title="The caddisflies or Trichoptera of Illinois." volume="23" year="1944">Ross 1944</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="09AA4B767E6FC18925EE64D9A15F24E3" author="Ross, HH" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the Illinois Natural History Survey" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" pagination="1 - 326" title="The caddisflies or Trichoptera of Illinois." volume="23" year="1944">Ross 1944</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: 240 (figures 813, 818A, 828) [description, illustration];
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Denning, DG" editor="Usinger, RL" journalOrPublisher="University of California Press, Berkeley" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" pagination="237 - 270" title="Trichoptera." volumeTitle="Aquatic Insects of California, with Keys to North American Genera and California Species." year="1956">Denning 1956</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="9DE0BBF4B107FD62A6B2C8CB5A5CB196" author="Denning, DG" editor="Usinger, RL" journalOrPublisher="University of California Press, Berkeley" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" pagination="237 - 270" title="Trichoptera." volumeTitle="Aquatic Insects of California, with Keys to North American Genera and California Species." year="1956">Denning 1956</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: 267 (fig. 10: 34d) [illustration];
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Smith, DH" journalOrPublisher="Quaestiones Entomologicae" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" pagination="641 - 656" title="Analysis of two problematic North American caddisfly species: Oecetis avara (Banks) and Oecetis disjuncta (Banks) (Trichoptera: Leptoceridae)." volume="16" year="1980">Smith and Lehmkuhl 1980</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="370230F47E0DF53B97219D7C3357483E" author="Smith, DH" journalOrPublisher="Quaestiones Entomologicae" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" pagination="641 - 656" title="Analysis of two problematic North American caddisfly species: Oecetis avara (Banks) and Oecetis disjuncta (Banks) (Trichoptera: Leptoceridae)." volume="16" year="1980">Smith and Lehmkuhl 1980</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: 641 (Figs 3-4, 6, 8, 11, 15, 17, 19-20, 22, 24, 27-28, 35-36, 39, 42, 44, 49, 50) [description, illustration, distribution]; Bueno and Flint 1980: [distribution - Mexico, Central America, Venezuela];
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Bueno-Soria, J" journalOrPublisher="Folia Entomologica Mexicana" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" pagination="103 - 120" title="Estudios en insectos aquaticos de Mexico I. Trichoptera (Leptoceridae). Cinco nuevas especies de Oecetis McLachlan." volume="49" year="1981">Bueno-Soria 1981</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="BD62C227D8EE99D8FD4AC2F31D46F054" author="Bueno-Soria, J" journalOrPublisher="Folia Entomologica Mexicana" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" pagination="103 - 120" title="Estudios en insectos aquaticos de Mexico I. Trichoptera (Leptoceridae). Cinco nuevas especies de Oecetis McLachlan." volume="49" year="1981">Bueno-Soria 1981</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: 111 (fig. 5A) [illustration only];
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Flint, OS Jr." journalOrPublisher="Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" pagination="1 - 61" title="Studies of Neotropical caddisflies, XXVIII: The Trichoptera of the Rio Limon Basin, Venezuela." url="10.5479/si.00810282.330" volume="330" year="1981">Flint 1981</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="DF9325E9EB0FCB2EF06668A351AB327E" author="Flint, OS Jr." journalOrPublisher="Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" pagination="1 - 61" title="Studies of Neotropical caddisflies, XXVIII: The Trichoptera of the Rio Limon Basin, Venezuela." url="10.5479/si.00810282.330" volume="330" year="1981">Flint 1981</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: 96 (fig. 364) [illustration, distribution - Colombia];
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Botosaneanu, L" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin de L'Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique, Entotomologie" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" pagination="5 - 45" title="The caddis flies of Trinidad and Tobago, West Indies." volume="63" year="1993">Botosaneanu and Alkins-Koo 1993</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="F0432218D4D80BFD1B68528E09FE5B0B" author="Botosaneanu, L" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin de L'Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique, Entotomologie" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" pagination="5 - 45" title="The caddis flies of Trinidad and Tobago, West Indies." volume="63" year="1993">Botosaneanu and Alkins-Koo 1993</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: 35 [distribution - Trinidad & Tobago];
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Flint, OS Jr." journalOrPublisher="Transactions of the American Entomological Society" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" pagination="67 - 113" title="Studies of Neotropical caddisflies LV: Trichoptera of Trinidad and Tobago." volume="122" year="1996 a">Flint 1996a</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="2AC624C50CB5867748C3ECBC1F889C0A" author="Flint, OS Jr." journalOrPublisher="Transactions of the American Entomological Society" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" pagination="67 - 113" title="Studies of Neotropical caddisflies LV: Trichoptera of Trinidad and Tobago." volume="122" year="1996 a">Flint 1996a</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: 104 [distribution - Trinidad & Tobago];
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Flint, OS Jr." editor="Wilson, DE" journalOrPublisher="Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D. C." pageId="73" pageNumber="74" pagination="369 - 430" title="The Trichoptera collected on the expeditions to Parque Manu, Madre de Dios, Peru." volumeTitle="Manu, the biodiversity of southeastern Peru." year="1996 b">Flint 1996b</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="735AA1ADC10ACEFFAC656A0798B11BF2" author="Flint, OS Jr." editor="Wilson, DE" journalOrPublisher="Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D. C." pageId="73" pageNumber="74" pagination="369 - 430" title="The Trichoptera collected on the expeditions to Parque Manu, Madre de Dios, Peru." volumeTitle="Manu, the biodiversity of southeastern Peru." year="1996 b">Flint 1996b</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: 423 [distribution - Peru].
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Moulton, SR II" journalOrPublisher="Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" pagination="1 - 313" title="Caddisflies (Trichoptera) of the Interior Highlands of North America." volume="56" year="1996">Moulton and Stewart 1996</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="E8151199E21F11F9E0E56B3868C23DDB" author="Moulton, SR II" journalOrPublisher="Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" pagination="1 - 313" title="Caddisflies (Trichoptera) of the Interior Highlands of North America." volume="56" year="1996">Moulton and Stewart 1996</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: 150 (fig. 407) [illustration, distribution];
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Rueda Martin, P" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" pagination="19 - 38" title="The genus Oecetis McLachlan in Bolivia and northwestern Argentina (Trichoptera: Leptoceridae) with new species and identification key for males of Oecetis species from Mexico, Central and South America." volume="2821" year="2011">
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="D792B07CB8FA99B1CCE5EB79E721B050" author="Rueda Martin, P" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" pagination="19 - 38" title="The genus Oecetis McLachlan in Bolivia and northwestern Argentina (Trichoptera: Leptoceridae) with new species and identification key for males of Oecetis species from Mexico, Central and South America." volume="2821" year="2011">
|
||||
Rueda
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Martín">Martin</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="F569C739F80C33A7C8A9D35B916C7B84" originalValue="Martín">Martin</normalizedToken>
|
||||
et al. 2011
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: 21 (fig. 2A-F) [illustration, distribution - Bolivia].
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Leptoceridae" genus="Oecetis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oecetis (Oecetodes) avara" order="Trichoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="avara" subGenus="Oecetodes">Oecetis (Oecetodes) avara</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<paragraph id="F24D57773034D955E5A86F21C2F60FB2" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="CBB00FA633BD6A0483E0B1C778512930" class="Insecta" family="Leptoceridae" genus="Oecetis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oecetis (Oecetodes) avara" order="Trichoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="avara" subGenus="Oecetodes">Oecetis (Oecetodes) avara</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(Banks):
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Fischer, FCJ" journalOrPublisher="Nederlandsche Entomologische Vereeniging, Amsterdam" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" title="Leptoceridae Pars 2. Trichopterorum Catalogus 7." year="1966">Fischer 1966</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="FFDC3AC7CC92A6ED3FA650B98BB82B52" author="Fischer, FCJ" journalOrPublisher="Nederlandsche Entomologische Vereeniging, Amsterdam" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" title="Leptoceridae Pars 2. Trichopterorum Catalogus 7." year="1966">Fischer 1966</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: 153;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Fischer, FCJ" journalOrPublisher="Nederlandsche Entomologische Vereeniging, Amsterdam" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" title="Supplement to Vol. V, VI, and VII." volumeTitle="Trichopterorum Catalogus" year="1972">1972</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="931E6EB1DD71D58688B02EB81132511C" author="Fischer, FCJ" journalOrPublisher="Nederlandsche Entomologische Vereeniging, Amsterdam" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" title="Supplement to Vol. V, VI, and VII." volumeTitle="Trichopterorum Catalogus" year="1972">1972</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: 150.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Leptoceridae" genus="Oecetis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oecetis (Pseudosetodes) avara" order="Trichoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="avara" subGenus="Pseudosetodes">Oecetis (Pseudosetodes) avara</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<paragraph id="601D60A2A57306D6EFBA8E1343BDD4BE" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="A9B77D606DA81ED5D61A1E10324636DC" class="Insecta" family="Leptoceridae" genus="Oecetis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oecetis (Pseudosetodes) avara" order="Trichoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="avara" subGenus="Pseudosetodes">Oecetis (Pseudosetodes) avara</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(Banks):
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Chen, Y" journalOrPublisher="Unpublished Ph. D. Dissertation. Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" title="Revision of the Oecetis (Trichoptera: Leptoceridae) of the world." year="1993">Chen 1993</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="259B0B2D0699AED9789278ACC703276E" author="Chen, Y" journalOrPublisher="Unpublished Ph. D. Dissertation. Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" title="Revision of the Oecetis (Trichoptera: Leptoceridae) of the world." year="1993">Chen 1993</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
(unpublished): (Figs 27
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="A–D">A-D</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="DD3634F453B02CDC64AC6820A3FDC9E6" originalValue="A–D">A-D</normalizedToken>
|
||||
, J-M) [description, illustration, distribution].
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="19" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="diagnosis">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="18" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="148DF291FACE90218A54CDAAAE519D2A" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="19" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="diagnosis">
|
||||
<paragraph id="3D648AF49B386B68D533B802E1FCE88C" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="DFB908124A999A9D94137A92DE00CF6D" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="18" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||||
This species is similar to and most likely to be confused with
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Leptoceridae" genus="Oecetis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oecetis houghtoni" order="Trichoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="houghtoni">
|
||||
<pageBreakToken pageId="17" pageNumber="18" start="start">Oecetis</pageBreakToken>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="F34C653FACDF119B7C842134C3BAFE2F" class="Insecta" family="Leptoceridae" genus="Oecetis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oecetis houghtoni" order="Trichoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="houghtoni">
|
||||
<pageBreakToken id="491DEB809F6E3B03AC95431FF0925B79" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" start="start">Oecetis</pageBreakToken>
|
||||
houghtoni
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
sp. n., especially due to their sympatric distributions and relatively minor morphological differences. Unfortunately, the range of variation for the 2 species has not been fully established and specimens from some localities may not be currently diagnosable if they do not conform closely to the holotypes for the 2 species (see remarks section following the species description). The holotype of
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Leptoceridae" genus="Oecetis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oecetis avara" order="Trichoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="avara">Oecetis avara</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="6339AF741F63F627F1DB6399CD160B90" class="Insecta" family="Leptoceridae" genus="Oecetis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oecetis avara" order="Trichoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="avara">Oecetis avara</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is characterized by a very well developed ventral lobe of the inferior appendage that forms a prominent, acutely angled projection. The ventral margin is distinctly elongate (see Figs 11-14 for comparison to
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Leptoceridae" genus="Oecetis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oecetis houghtoni" order="Trichoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="houghtoni">Oecetis houghtoni</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="1836A41C82CB23051EAA2E0CD985303E" class="Insecta" family="Leptoceridae" genus="Oecetis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oecetis houghtoni" order="Trichoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="houghtoni">Oecetis houghtoni</taxonomicName>
|
||||
). Some evidence of
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="“wrinkling”">"wrinkling"</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="37751A9098DC58E4B02DB4E2D5D6102D" originalValue="“wrinkling”">"wrinkling"</normalizedToken>
|
||||
is apparent at the point of articulation between the dorsal and ventral lobes; this is distinctly more noticeable than in
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Leptoceridae" genus="Oecetis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oecetis houghtoni" order="Trichoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="houghtoni">Oecetis houghtoni</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="576F1F6AA9C9695C62840A5A3CDAB24B" class="Insecta" family="Leptoceridae" genus="Oecetis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oecetis houghtoni" order="Trichoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="houghtoni">Oecetis houghtoni</taxonomicName>
|
||||
due to the sharper angle of articulation. Also, as compared to
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Leptoceridae" genus="Oecetis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oecetis houghtoni" order="Trichoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="houghtoni">Oecetis houghtoni</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="A2E2EDAB0CB627CDDABCC6965B3DA18F" class="Insecta" family="Leptoceridae" genus="Oecetis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oecetis houghtoni" order="Trichoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="houghtoni">Oecetis houghtoni</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, the phallobase is usually more distinctly sclerotized and arched ventrally, with its apex strongly downturned and very finely striate, often with the extreme apex slightly ridged or burred. Unfortunately, characters of the phallobase are subtle and also variable within the 2 species and thus may not always be completely diagnostic. Although the holotype of
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Leptoceridae" genus="Oecetis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oecetis avara" order="Trichoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="avara">Oecetis avara</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="13D750C5CC30B81BD04B530938F0F893" class="Insecta" family="Leptoceridae" genus="Oecetis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oecetis avara" order="Trichoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="avara">Oecetis avara</taxonomicName>
|
||||
itself is grayish-brown in color, with forewings only weakly spotted (possibly as a result of the specimen being somewhat faded), specimens from most areas of its distribution, including those from Minnesota, are distinctly lighter in color than
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Leptoceridae" genus="Oecetis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oecetis houghtoni" order="Trichoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="houghtoni">Oecetis houghtoni</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="FF2988492822757357DCCD90AEAFD0CF" class="Insecta" family="Leptoceridae" genus="Oecetis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oecetis houghtoni" order="Trichoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="houghtoni">Oecetis houghtoni</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and also have more prominent forewing spots. In Minnesota,
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Leptoceridae" genus="Oecetis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oecetis avara" order="Trichoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="avara">Oecetis avara</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="8E4DBF5302BA31D349095943B483546F" class="Insecta" family="Leptoceridae" genus="Oecetis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oecetis avara" order="Trichoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="avara">Oecetis avara</taxonomicName>
|
||||
can be distinguished from
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Leptoceridae" genus="Oecetis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oecetis houghtoni" order="Trichoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="houghtoni">Oecetis houghtoni</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="E2097D48545A077AC1CD7F82480BFAB6" class="Insecta" family="Leptoceridae" genus="Oecetis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oecetis houghtoni" order="Trichoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="houghtoni">Oecetis houghtoni</taxonomicName>
|
||||
by color alone (Figs 40 and 41).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="19" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||||
<paragraph id="93E4F661B577B379AB2B1742B333DBF3" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="19" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||||
Despite the close similarity and difficulty of distinguishing
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Leptoceridae" genus="Oecetis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oecetis avara" order="Trichoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="avara">
|
||||
<pageBreakToken pageId="18" pageNumber="19" start="start">Oecetis</pageBreakToken>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="AB40D90B636DE64AF408EFC038682A05" class="Insecta" family="Leptoceridae" genus="Oecetis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oecetis avara" order="Trichoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="avara">
|
||||
<pageBreakToken id="5B36751A654E3785773BBB7A69381A7B" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" start="start">Oecetis</pageBreakToken>
|
||||
avara
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
from
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Leptoceridae" genus="Oecetis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oecetis houghtoni" order="Trichoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="houghtoni">Oecetis houghtoni</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="1E1659D8B597A9A5C1CDF886AC6ACF40" class="Insecta" family="Leptoceridae" genus="Oecetis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oecetis houghtoni" order="Trichoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="houghtoni">Oecetis houghtoni</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, another species that closely resembles
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Leptoceridae" genus="Oecetis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oecetis avara" order="Trichoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="avara">Oecetis avara</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="03AAC7DC95E9EAE62E70D335B88D0AE3" class="Insecta" family="Leptoceridae" genus="Oecetis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oecetis avara" order="Trichoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="avara">Oecetis avara</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, both in color and genitalic aspects, is
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Leptoceridae" genus="Oecetis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oecetis verrucula" order="Trichoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="verrucula">Oecetis verrucula</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="472393BE71A9C02A0B29401007F0BD6B" class="Insecta" family="Leptoceridae" genus="Oecetis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oecetis verrucula" order="Trichoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="verrucula">Oecetis verrucula</taxonomicName>
|
||||
sp. n. from Central America. The only significant difference is the possession of a small rugose wart or projection preapically on the phallobase in
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Leptoceridae" genus="Oecetis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oecetis verrucula" order="Trichoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="verrucula">Oecetis verrucula</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="81C05697F49C4703BE30CA288B1DB6C4" class="Insecta" family="Leptoceridae" genus="Oecetis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oecetis verrucula" order="Trichoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="verrucula">Oecetis verrucula</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, similar to the character state in
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Leptoceridae" genus="Oecetis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oecetis sordida" order="Trichoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sordida">Oecetis sordida</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="0F2209633A75FBC51F01D2B71EBB0BC0" class="Insecta" family="Leptoceridae" genus="Oecetis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oecetis sordida" order="Trichoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sordida">Oecetis sordida</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, sp. n. This character is absent in
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Leptoceridae" genus="Oecetis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oecetis avara" order="Trichoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="avara">Oecetis avara</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="785B68243C54B0B178A13F1489EBFAAB" class="Insecta" family="Leptoceridae" genus="Oecetis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oecetis avara" order="Trichoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="avara">Oecetis avara</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, but suggested by the fine striations often observed near the apex of the phallobase. COI barcode data (Fig. 58) also suggest that
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Leptoceridae" genus="Oecetis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oecetis avara" order="Trichoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="avara">Oecetis avara</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="FAB1B9E8E13AE331EA1BD2060A195C70" class="Insecta" family="Leptoceridae" genus="Oecetis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oecetis avara" order="Trichoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="avara">Oecetis avara</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Leptoceridae" genus="Oecetis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oecetis verrucula" order="Trichoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="verrucula">Oecetis verrucula</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="7F0ADA9D56791C2D1A2DAD5AB13CEF56" class="Insecta" family="Leptoceridae" genus="Oecetis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oecetis verrucula" order="Trichoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="verrucula">Oecetis verrucula</taxonomicName>
|
||||
are more closely related to each other than to
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Leptoceridae" genus="Oecetis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oecetis houghtoni" order="Trichoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="houghtoni">Oecetis houghtoni</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="9720A3BB950A486D732BB8DA1B910852" class="Insecta" family="Leptoceridae" genus="Oecetis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oecetis houghtoni" order="Trichoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="houghtoni">Oecetis houghtoni</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. Rationale for treating
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Leptoceridae" genus="Oecetis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oecetis verrucula" order="Trichoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="verrucula">Oecetis verrucula</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="555310BD38E136185C12EB9541C177EA" class="Insecta" family="Leptoceridae" genus="Oecetis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oecetis verrucula" order="Trichoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="verrucula">Oecetis verrucula</taxonomicName>
|
||||
as a separate species is discussed in its diagnosis and description.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="adult">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Adult.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="143DBC770F34A43A23D9B4786C89AFA9" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="adult">
|
||||
<paragraph id="82FA943600B2916E93E8FF3A8EC27531" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Adult.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8B1ADDBB3CB3B6905ECE92A78AF3AFD5" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||||
Forewing length: male (8.2-10.3 mm), female (7.5-8.7 mm). Color generally pale yellowish-brown (slightly darker than
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Leptoceridae" genus="Oecetis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oecetis mexicana" order="Trichoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mexicana">Oecetis mexicana</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="E551ED09CA545A85E02AC52C29461DD2" class="Insecta" family="Leptoceridae" genus="Oecetis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oecetis mexicana" order="Trichoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mexicana">Oecetis mexicana</taxonomicName>
|
||||
sp. n., paler than
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Leptoceridae" genus="Oecetis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oecetis houghtoni" order="Trichoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="houghtoni">Oecetis houghtoni</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="71D62704E492EC1DE2BEC4CCC2F8FE12" class="Insecta" family="Leptoceridae" genus="Oecetis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oecetis houghtoni" order="Trichoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="houghtoni">Oecetis houghtoni</taxonomicName>
|
||||
sp. n.). Antennae whitish with indistinct, narrow annulations at intersection of antennomeres. Forewing spots small, but distinct; spots at base of discal and thyridial cells and base of fork V largest, other spots indistinct; veins of forewing chord relatively widely spaced (wider than
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Leptoceridae" genus="Oecetis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oecetis houghtoni" order="Trichoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="houghtoni">Oecetis houghtoni</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="A97B2DE6C6520F0161C4EF58E83EFB8B" class="Insecta" family="Leptoceridae" genus="Oecetis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oecetis houghtoni" order="Trichoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="houghtoni">Oecetis houghtoni</taxonomicName>
|
||||
sp. n.), either evenly spaced or s and r-m veins slightly closer; chord with crossveins pigmented or with small spots at juncture of major veins; apical spots, at apices of major veins, indistinct, but usually evident, pigmentation extending slightly beyond veins. Setae along veins in apical part of forewing only moderately elongate, semi-prostrate, laterally diverging. Fringe of setae along costal margin of forewing dense, short, not strongly projecting.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="male genitalia">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Male genitalia.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="BC6F5488CB5C08BC7A6DF805859DE72E" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="male genitalia">
|
||||
<paragraph id="33BDB5800B4CBAD2029AD7504DB10D6B" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Male genitalia.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="2A808B10D37E96F079C2C23E6C723449" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||||
Segment IX very short, with elongate setae along posterolateral margin. Tergum X with narrow, deflexed mesal lobe, apex of lobe tapered or rounded, with small sensilla; lobe continuous basoventrally with short, paired lateral membranous projections. Preanal appendage moderately elongate, length 2-3 times maximum width (longer, on average, than
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Leptoceridae" genus="Oecetis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oecetis houghtoni" order="Trichoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="houghtoni">Oecetis houghtoni</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="73C2A4EBA4DD3A2C4914A5E3C8E38F0E" class="Insecta" family="Leptoceridae" genus="Oecetis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oecetis houghtoni" order="Trichoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="houghtoni">Oecetis houghtoni</taxonomicName>
|
||||
sp. n.), simple in structure, apical setae elongate. Inferior appendage with prominent rounded dorsal lobe and angularly projecting ventral lobe; projection of ventral lobe prominent and strongly protruding, typically forming acute angle with dorsal lobe, angle usually abrupt, causing appendage at basal angle to be somewhat
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="“wrinkled;”">"wrinkled;"</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="CB8CD8D18BFF7C043D625C1D25D9D0D9" originalValue="“wrinkled;”">"wrinkled;"</normalizedToken>
|
||||
posterior margin of dorsal lobe evenly rounded, not angulate; posterior margin of ventral lobe, as viewed ventrally (Fig. 5F), only weakly bent near base; basomesal projection of appendage rounded, with short, stiff setae; dorsal lobe with stout, mesally-curved setae on dorsal margin and stout, ventrally-curved setae on mesal surface. Phallobase very short, tubular basally, ventral apex strongly down curved, often noticeably sclerotized, with minute striations; ventral apex, as viewed caudally, U-shaped (Fig. 5C). Phallotremal sclerite prominent, basally forming short tubular collar, ventral margin projecting, apex acute; asymmetrical lateral sclerite present.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||||
<caption id="421718D09ABA9C5D87C9E44E5A3B3487" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||||
<paragraph id="25E88AF55F850083B8A74FB95581E4D4" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||||
Figure 5.
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Leptoceridae" genus="Oecetis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oecetis avara" order="Trichoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="avara">Oecetis avara</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="7776AB45148A134535BFA11538982BD3" class="Insecta" family="Leptoceridae" genus="Oecetis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oecetis avara" order="Trichoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="avara">Oecetis avara</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(Banks), Holotype, male genitalia: A lateral B phallic apparatus, lateral C phallic apparatus, caudal D phallic apparatus, ventral E inferior appendage, caudal F inferior appendage, ventral G segment IX and tergum X, dorsal.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="21" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="material examined">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Material examined.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="21" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="818AC47CD194E4833F5CE6EBF7C82D1C" lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="21" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="material examined">
|
||||
<paragraph id="01E27A0AA18EA8FDE321A98ED2B0A690" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Material examined.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="D44811D12114710B3061C1A095B3F67E" lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="21" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||||
CANADA: Quebec: Sherbrook, male holotype (pinned) (MCZ); USA: Alabama: Bibb Co., Little Cahaba River, 4 mi NE Sixmile, 23.v.1988, C.M. & O.S. Flint, Jr., 1 male (pinned) (NMNH); Florida: Jackson Co., Chipola River at County Road 280, 1.5 mi E Oakdale, 11.vi.1995, V.L. Nations & M.J. Howe, 6 males, 4 females (pinned) (UMSP); Kansas: Clark Co., 12 mi W, 5 mi S Columbus, 8-9.vi.1976, G.F. Hevel, 2 males (pinned) (NMNH); Maryland: Montgomery Co., Potomac River, Carderock, 27.viii.1981, Flint & Butler, 1 male (pinned) (NMNH); Minnesota: Aitkin Co., Mississippi River, County Road 3,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="47.023617">47°01.417'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="F9236095DDE6025D714103A23C687884" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="47.023617">47°01.417'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-93.275">93°16.5000'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="E0778A11597751A6A2F98C9A52BA77D5" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-93.275">93°16.5000'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
, 12.vii.2000, D.C. Houghton, 321 males, 497 females (alcohol) (UMSP); Aitkin Co., Hay Lake, Hay Lake State Park,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="46.958332">46°57.500'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="B4AB29585E0A40E41273425C718E28E7" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="46.958332">46°57.500'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-93.21667">93°13.000'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="E4DB23360ED12440E64551DB3DCDF922" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-93.21667">93°13.000'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
, 12.vii.2000, D.C. Houghton, 1 female (alcohol) (UMSP); Anoka Co., Coon Creek, confl. Mississippi River,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="45.133335">45°08.000'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="B636C074B81655CBB291EF025F7D05EE" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="45.133335">45°08.000'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-93.28333">93°17.000'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="7EB9CCE35EE8BF0D97F45394BF4478AD" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-93.28333">93°17.000'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
, 10.vii.2000, D.C. Houghton,
|
||||
<pageBreakToken pageId="19" pageNumber="20" start="start">13</pageBreakToken>
|
||||
<pageBreakToken id="23BCCD5C8DA9BD0A51EBA8FE670DC073" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" start="start">13</pageBreakToken>
|
||||
males, 8 females (alcohol) (UMSP); Blue Earth Co., Minnesota River, Mile 112, Sibley Park, Mankato, 11.vii.1979, N. Potthoff, 1 male, 1 female (alcohol) (UMSP); Blue Earth Co., Minneopa Creek, Minneopa State Park,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="44.150566">44°09.034'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="3591E54ECDB22AB03A9F735A6B641948" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="44.150566">44°09.034'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-94.09167">94°05.500'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="2E3B512F42D08B3506BB62B2E922E457" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-94.09167">94°05.500'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
, 10.vi.2000, D.C. Houghton, 1 male, 1 female (alcohol) (UMSP); Blue Earth Co., un. sp. 1, Minneopa State Park,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="44.161118">44°09.667'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="135305442614A3C276E5AC61F7A5B1D6" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="44.161118">44°09.667'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-94.09167">94°05.500'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="7619ABF66A3EC00A51F913C9094E3974" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-94.09167">94°05.500'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
, 10.vi.2000, D.C. Houghton, 1 male, 2 females (alcohol) (UMSP); Blue Earth Co., Le Seur River, County Road 16, public access,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="44.081932">44°04.916'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="87A9D08B7F6C683A14FB8067F87B016D" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="44.081932">44°04.916'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="94.00972">94°00.583'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="D0E88A38FB763E08FE420FADBCC30505" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="94.00972">94°00.583'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
, 11.vi.2000, D.C. Houghton, 17 males, 13 females (alcohol) (UMSP); Blue Earth Co., Maple River, County Road 166, public access,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="44.00057">44°00.034'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="FE2144035D4A6FD26ED38A2A25A71F8B" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="44.00057">44°00.034'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-94.051384">94°03.083'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="13607E7190316ECB96EAB90CDFB388F5" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-94.051384">94°03.083'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
, 11.vi.2000, D.C. Houghton, 198 males, 97 females (alcohol) (UMSP); Brown Co., un. sp., Cottonwood River, Flandrau State Park,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="44.288883">44°17.333'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="9E72A817140DD544A2C458EF4919F111" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="44.288883">44°17.333'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-94.48193">94°28.916'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="BBA869F1EF8CAA08DC8DA708DAB7064C" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-94.48193">94°28.916'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
, 09.vi.2000, D.C. Houghton, 6 males, 17 females (alcohol) (UMSP); Brown Co., Cottonwood River, Flandrau State Park,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="44.292416">44°17.545'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="02440496D14B6DC37891C59C2A9B7501" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="44.292416">44°17.545'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-93.4689">93°28.134'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="AD9F9B3904F19F8B009974D1CCF4AC70" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-93.4689">93°28.134'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
, 02.viii.1999, D.C. Houghton, 14 males, 1 female (pinned), 96 males, 53 females (alcohol) (UMSP); Chisago Co., Sunrise River at Kost Dam County Park, ca. 1.5 km S Kost,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="9" value="45.479168">45°28.75'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="97FF8987213AA5719378DCD19879F633" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="9" value="45.479168">45°28.75'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="9" value="-92.87566">92°52.54'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="DC27215193FC462E6DDA66401348AD5C" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="9" value="-92.87566">92°52.54'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
, el 280 m, 13.vii.2004, Holzenthal et al., 3 males, 3 females (pinned) (UMSP); Crow Wing Co., Pine River, County Road 11, public access,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="46.57638">46°34.583'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="32926D0C711A20DE7136DE050D2EA213" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="46.57638">46°34.583'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-94.03056">94°01.834'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="5F6ED428296CCFD49E03616EAC73F6DA" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-94.03056">94°01.834'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
, 16.ix.2000, D.C. Houghton, 3 males, 2 females (alcohol) (UMSP); Crow Wing Co., Pine River, County Road 11,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="46.572216">46°34.333'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="463DBE360EA0A37EB615CF9D720A0457" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="46.572216">46°34.333'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-94.03333">94°02.000'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="783991E8C90822627C38BD52FA4210BD" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-94.03333">94°02.000'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
, 29.vi.2000, D.C. Houghton, 214 males, 222 females (alcohol) (UMSP); Fillmore Co., Middle Br. Root River, Co. Rd. 21, ca. 5 mi NW Lanesboro,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="43.818">43°49.080'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="525CACDF2461BB2745F628077EE0E7BF" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="43.818">43°49.080'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-92.015">92°0.900'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="002D3154D88B55BBD49865595FB7A01D" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-92.015">92°0.900'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
, el 283 m, 13.vii.1991, R.J. Blahnik, 1 male (pinned) (UMSP); Fillmore Co., Spring Valley, 15.vi.1935, 1 male (pinned) (UMSP); Koochiching Co, Rainey R., confl. Little Fork River, State Highway 11 nr. International Falls,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="48.519566">48°31.174'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="F830C6893339B087AA580BD336AC1BC7" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="48.519566">48°31.174'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-93.569565">93°34.174'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="C719A91FC78EB6B950C7D1FF3C350F8D" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-93.569565">93°34.174'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
, 12.vii.1999, D.C. Houghton, 983 males, 1461 females (alcohol) (UMSP); Koochiching Co., Big Fork River, State Highway 11, public access,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="48.511665">48°30.700'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="3EA9A83188B73CA14566A0D101429F69" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="48.511665">48°30.700'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-93.71257">93°42.754'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="5D42EC4AF472CF268176566AC3A9DC5A" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-93.71257">93°42.754'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
, 12.vii.1999, D.C. Houghton, 35 males, 5 females (pinned), 421 males, 203 females (alcohol) (UMSP); Koochiching Co., Little Fork River, Minn. F.S., 17.vii.1968, E.F. Cook, 1 male (alcohol) (UMSP); Koochiching Co., Tamarac River, Pine Island State Forest, Balsiger F.R., 7 km E Waskish,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="48.158768">48°09.526'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="8331A52F32898345D1FCF626E1F4B0D2" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="48.158768">48°09.526'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-94.3825">94°22.950'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="CAA9FB7A4E48F2B574F3430633B408BF" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-94.3825">94°22.950'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
, 23.vii.1999, D.C. Houghton, 1 female (pinned) (UMSP); Lyon Co., Redwood River, Camden State Park,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="44.3742">44°22.452'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="9775E30DEEE0D28CB0B801694B3C421C" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="44.3742">44°22.452'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-95.92191">95°55.315'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="B35BAB5433BFD1035AAB5D1BE5D63324" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-95.92191">95°55.315'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
, 06.vi.2000, D.C. Houghton, 1 male (alcohol) (UMSP); same locality, 31.vii.1999, D.C. Houghton, 1 male, 2 females (pinned) (UMSP); McLeod Co., Otter Creek, County Road 01,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="44.89445">44°53.667'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="8C326A6099DFA74E81FD30BA0F6A530C" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="44.89445">44°53.667'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="9" value="-94.0555">94°03.33'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="68B39FD50F098C86B3BA2B6ABE97D258" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="9" value="-94.0555">94°03.33'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
, 22.vi.2001, D.C. Houghton, 2 males (alcohol) (UMSP); Morrison Co., Mississippi River, Charles Lindberg State Park,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="45.95">45°57.000'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="A8F8ACA6980776A38D0111E1EE47AFC7" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="45.95">45°57.000'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-94.388885">94°23.333'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="67ADFCB02ECCD691907297C579AF16C7" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-94.388885">94°23.333'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
, 24.vi.2000, D.C. Houghton, 2 males (alcohol) (UMSP); Pine Co., Kettle River, Banning State Park,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="46.166668">46°10.000'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="10FCFF1DBD98BC5573D58E633FC8948E" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="46.166668">46°10.000'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-92.833336">92°50.000'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="C4284AA55C0390485AE865AD5336F0B7" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-92.833336">92°50.000'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
, 28.vi.2001, D.C. Houghton, 1 male (alcohol) (UMSP); Pine Co. Kettle River, 9.viii.1991, L.J. Luedeman, 4 males, 2 females (alcohol) (UMSP); Ramsey Co., St. Paul, University Farm, A.A. Granovsky, 20.viii.1935, 1 male (pinned) (UMSP); Rock Co., Rock River, County Road 1,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="43.544434">43°32.666'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="94DD8A9C3305CE61B4713C9F3BAFB67C" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="43.544434">43°32.666'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-96.198616">96°11.917'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="013511DAACEF709BAE78FDE58DC7BB82" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-96.198616">96°11.917'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
, 07.vi.2000, D.C. Houghton, 9 males, 6 females (alcohol) (UMSP); Swift Co., Pomme de Terre River, State Road 12 rest area,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="45.290833">45°17.450'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="31703070D659F56B76BD45E65E3D3138" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="45.290833">45°17.450'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-95.97908">95°58.745'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="D65FA93815002F44BC580F1455AF0DCD" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-95.97908">95°58.745'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
, 335 m, 29.vii.1999, D.C.
|
||||
<pageBreakToken pageId="20" pageNumber="21" start="start">Houghton</pageBreakToken>
|
||||
<pageBreakToken id="3D32D880A3270AB3A706C1719E99D5F4" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" start="start">Houghton</pageBreakToken>
|
||||
, 7 males, 5 females (pinned) (UMSP); Wright Co., North Fork Crow River, public access,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="45.091667">45°05.500'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="BB88E43499A04A3C279A619969D4D9B6" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="45.091667">45°05.500'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-93.86667">93°52.000'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="61F6BAC431BAB4BBBD18835881152EC8" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-93.86667">93°52.000'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
, 17.ix.2000, D.C. Houghton, 1 male, 1 female (alcohol) (UMSP); Wright Co., North Fork Crow River, County Road 115,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="45.091667">45°05.500'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="38C4FAAD5E53D83D60EE653D85A975ED" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="45.091667">45°05.500'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-93.872215">93°52.333'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="4858FCF8D4A6CF32EF354AE4AD23B062" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-93.872215">93°52.333'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
, 27.vi.2001, D.C. Houghton, 25 males, 11 females (alcohol) (UMSP); Wright Co., Deer Lake, County Road 108,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="45.141666">45°08.500'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="6555EDA0CDC484EA9EADE998F9695993" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="45.141666">45°08.500'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-93.91112">93°54.667'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="403CA11CCA37EC94A29C7B9B3832AE85" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-93.91112">93°54.667'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
, 27.vi.2001, D.C. Houghton, 2 females (alcohol) (UMSP); Yellow Medicine Co., Yellow Medicine River, confl. Minnesota River, Upper Sioux Agency State Park,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="44.73865">44°44.319'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="E6C814B1AE843C5640E184CE05E3E7D6" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="44.73865">44°44.319'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-95.43173">95°25.904'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="8BFAF6A45DB75977D13945A598F33352" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-95.43173">95°25.904'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
, 30.vii.1999, D.C. Houghton, 43 males, 30 females (alcohol) (UMSP); Yellow Medicine Co., Minnesota River, Mile 243.9, T115N, R38W, S28, 14.viii.1980, N. Potthoff, 5 males, 20 females (alcohol) (UMSP); Yellow Medicine Co., Minnesota River, picnic area, Upper Sioux Agency State Park,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="44.739883">44°44.393'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="ABD5D33836CFE29C5AB919755AB57A17" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="44.739883">44°44.393'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-95.4551">95°27.306'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="DFD8C3861A2E851BC47D3D0E929B4057" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-95.4551">95°27.306'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
, 122 m, 30.vii.1999, D.C. Houghton, 10 males, 1 female (pinned) (UMSP); New York: Warren Co., Hudson River, Riparius,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="92" value="43.658333">43°39.5'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="F922BB21DBF48A60CE8DBAB3A8F22BA2" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="92" value="43.658333">43°39.5'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="92" value="-73.89667">73°53.8'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="3551D197484FCA6447ED785EC608FCCE" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="92" value="-73.89667">73°53.8'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
, 29.vii.1996, C.M. & O.S. Flint, Jr., 2 males (pinned) (NMNH); Wisconsin: Polk Co., St. Croix Falls, 29.viii.1937, L.R. Penner, 2 males, 10 females (pinned) (UMSP).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="22" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" type="remarks">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Remarks.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="2583931F3DD4F1D4799E19A44FE1AB8D" lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="22" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" type="remarks">
|
||||
<paragraph id="45083F55577AB710DC624FE0105ABEC5" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Remarks.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="AA4295C49ACD259CB8786C88811A0FF6" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||||
Mexican, Central, and South American specimens identified previously as
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Leptoceridae" genus="Oecetis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oecetis avara" order="Trichoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="avara">Oecetis avara</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="E71A1F2A93DD84C95A97C612315775FB" class="Insecta" family="Leptoceridae" genus="Oecetis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oecetis avara" order="Trichoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="avara">Oecetis avara</taxonomicName>
|
||||
have been transferred to a number of new species in this paper. Some North American material has also been transferred to another new species,
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Leptoceridae" genus="Oecetis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oecetis houghtoni" order="Trichoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="houghtoni">Oecetis houghtoni</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="C960A9405EC1A42318EDE46A162BDF3C" class="Insecta" family="Leptoceridae" genus="Oecetis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oecetis houghtoni" order="Trichoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="houghtoni">Oecetis houghtoni</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. Most North American material examined was from Minnesota, where
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Leptoceridae" genus="Oecetis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oecetis avara" order="Trichoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="avara">Oecetis avara</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="29332C474E751AF6C4C29D488E592A9F" class="Insecta" family="Leptoceridae" genus="Oecetis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oecetis avara" order="Trichoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="avara">Oecetis avara</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Leptoceridae" genus="Oecetis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oecetis houghtoni" order="Trichoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="houghtoni">Oecetis houghtoni</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="6B296D684EB4BDEC125733DF0B71650D" class="Insecta" family="Leptoceridae" genus="Oecetis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oecetis houghtoni" order="Trichoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="houghtoni">Oecetis houghtoni</taxonomicName>
|
||||
co-occur, sometimes at the same location. In Minnesota the 2 species are distinguishable by color attributes and also by minor genitalic characters. Available COI barcode data are consistent with the recognition of 2 species and conform to the morphological differences noted (Fig. 58). Only a limited amount of material from other localities in North America was examined. Some material examined from other localities conformed to the differences noted in the holotypes of the 2 species, and these are included in the materials examined list above, but specimens from other localities could not always be confidently identified. This may either represent variation within the 2 species, or additional unidentified species. A more extensive study of North American material is necessary to determine this, but was outside the scope of the current study. Figs 28 and 29-30 illustrate some of the variation encountered. See also the remarks section under
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Leptoceridae" genus="Oecetis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oecetis houghtoni" order="Trichoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="houghtoni">Oecetis houghtoni</taxonomicName>
|
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<taxonomicName id="0B1A3AE8A5BFF7C6EBEEF8D8A57FB895" class="Insecta" family="Leptoceridae" genus="Oecetis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oecetis houghtoni" order="Trichoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="houghtoni">Oecetis houghtoni</taxonomicName>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="22" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||||
<paragraph id="C4B25F36FB19F216E51327A61E189A17" lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="22" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||||
The illustration of
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Leptoceridae" genus="Oecetis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oecetis avara" order="Trichoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="avara">Oecetis avara</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2EA6A7C0C83BBB25430EFE2E17EC0287" class="Insecta" family="Leptoceridae" genus="Oecetis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oecetis avara" order="Trichoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="avara">Oecetis avara</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(Fig. 5) is taken from the holotype specimen. The holotype was reported by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Smith, DH" journalOrPublisher="Quaestiones Entomologicae" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" pagination="641 - 656" title="Analysis of two problematic North American caddisfly species: Oecetis avara (Banks) and Oecetis disjuncta (Banks) (Trichoptera: Leptoceridae)." volume="16" year="1980">Smith and Lehmkuhl (1980)</bibRefCitation>
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<bibRefCitation id="DDA69CAA9838D5D74F8D4BBE87C3C0C7" author="Smith, DH" journalOrPublisher="Quaestiones Entomologicae" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" pagination="641 - 656" title="Analysis of two problematic North American caddisfly species: Oecetis avara (Banks) and Oecetis disjuncta (Banks) (Trichoptera: Leptoceridae)." volume="16" year="1980">Smith and Lehmkuhl (1980)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
as having the phallic structure badly damaged, but this was not evident in our examination of the holotype. The species has been illustrated by a number of authors, but many of the illustrations vary from the genitalia of the holotype specimen. Although
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Smith, DH" journalOrPublisher="Quaestiones Entomologicae" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" pagination="641 - 656" title="Analysis of two problematic North American caddisfly species: Oecetis avara (Banks) and Oecetis disjuncta (Banks) (Trichoptera: Leptoceridae)." volume="16" year="1980">Smith and Lehmkuhl (1980)</bibRefCitation>
|
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<bibRefCitation id="6405C650BB55E0B4EA87F462A3F03115" author="Smith, DH" journalOrPublisher="Quaestiones Entomologicae" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" pagination="641 - 656" title="Analysis of two problematic North American caddisfly species: Oecetis avara (Banks) and Oecetis disjuncta (Banks) (Trichoptera: Leptoceridae)." volume="16" year="1980">Smith and Lehmkuhl (1980)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
reported examining the type, the specimen illustrated was apparently a specimen from Saskatchewan determined to be
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Leptoceridae" genus="Oecetis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oecetis avara" order="Trichoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="avara">
|
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<pageBreakToken pageId="21" pageNumber="22" start="start">Oecetis</pageBreakToken>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="C30B9D9F539940F890482581D73BE705" class="Insecta" family="Leptoceridae" genus="Oecetis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oecetis avara" order="Trichoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="avara">
|
||||
<pageBreakToken id="23078442DF4EFEC248BD38D77C361719" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" start="start">Oecetis</pageBreakToken>
|
||||
avara
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, and not that of the type itself. Due to the minor differences among species in the
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Leptoceridae" genus="Oecetis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oecetis avara" order="Trichoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="avara">Oecetis avara</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="E70E61A5A6723F4E34EA82BF6614CCE8" class="Insecta" family="Leptoceridae" genus="Oecetis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oecetis avara" order="Trichoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="avara">Oecetis avara</taxonomicName>
|
||||
group, it is usually difficult to state conclusively which species was illustrated by different authors. Only the illustrations provided by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Betten, C" journalOrPublisher="New York State Museum Bulletin" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" pagination="1 - 576" title="The caddisflies or Trichoptera of New York State." volume="292" year="1934">Betten (1934)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="716BC1C6B0270A48AF9B88D07BE83ADA" author="Betten, C" journalOrPublisher="New York State Museum Bulletin" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" pagination="1 - 576" title="The caddisflies or Trichoptera of New York State." volume="292" year="1934">Betten (1934)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Moulton, SR II" journalOrPublisher="Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" pagination="1 - 313" title="Caddisflies (Trichoptera) of the Interior Highlands of North America." volume="56" year="1996">Moulton and Stewart (1996)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="2DCE92E0250A473236445DD5EB5CB076" author="Moulton, SR II" journalOrPublisher="Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" pagination="1 - 313" title="Caddisflies (Trichoptera) of the Interior Highlands of North America." volume="56" year="1996">Moulton and Stewart (1996)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
conform closely enough to the holotype to be confidently identified as
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Leptoceridae" genus="Oecetis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oecetis avara" order="Trichoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="avara">Oecetis avara</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="B624DEE8438A1FDF8F1B200DB7DE0448" class="Insecta" family="Leptoceridae" genus="Oecetis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oecetis avara" order="Trichoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="avara">Oecetis avara</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. The illustration by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Bueno-Soria, J" journalOrPublisher="Folia Entomologica Mexicana" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" pagination="103 - 120" title="Estudios en insectos aquaticos de Mexico I. Trichoptera (Leptoceridae). Cinco nuevas especies de Oecetis McLachlan." volume="49" year="1981">Bueno-Soria (1981)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="27281DDC4B2934FFE15ED6CBAB407E59" author="Bueno-Soria, J" journalOrPublisher="Folia Entomologica Mexicana" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" pagination="103 - 120" title="Estudios en insectos aquaticos de Mexico I. Trichoptera (Leptoceridae). Cinco nuevas especies de Oecetis McLachlan." volume="49" year="1981">Bueno-Soria (1981)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
is also similar to the holotype of
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Leptoceridae" genus="Oecetis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oecetis avara" order="Trichoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="avara">Oecetis avara</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="F9A7FDEA03B751C1B4D32C63ECC79038" class="Insecta" family="Leptoceridae" genus="Oecetis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oecetis avara" order="Trichoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="avara">Oecetis avara</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, but may have been based on
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Leptoceridae" genus="Oecetis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oecetis verrucula" order="Trichoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="verrucula">Oecetis verrucula</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="F57ABE69C57F8B890D7DC16CC3B7E79D" class="Insecta" family="Leptoceridae" genus="Oecetis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oecetis verrucula" order="Trichoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="verrucula">Oecetis verrucula</taxonomicName>
|
||||
sp. n., which occurs in Mexico and whose diagnostic ventral wart may have been omitted, since it is a relatively minor feature.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -1,206 +1,206 @@
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Figs 21
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<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Trikentrion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trikentrion laeve" order="Axinellida" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="laeve">Trikentrion laeve</taxonomicName>
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<bibRefCitation author="Carter, HJ" journalOrPublisher="Tetrahedron" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" title="Contributions to our knowledge of the Spongida. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (5) 3: 284 - 304, 343 - 360." url="10.1080/00222937908562401" year="1879">Carter 1879</bibRefCitation>
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|
||||
<taxonomicName id="F629CAC6C5C1EDBB7CDF93A4CDA629E7" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Trikentrion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trikentrion laeve" order="Axinellida" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="laeve">Trikentrion laeve</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="3DDA892FC2AC0401B36859DC798E13A1" author="Carter, HJ" journalOrPublisher="Tetrahedron" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" title="Contributions to our knowledge of the Spongida. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (5) 3: 284 - 304, 343 - 360." url="10.1080/00222937908562401" year="1879">Carter 1879</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: 294, pl. 27 figs 9-12 (West Africa);
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
|
||||
<paragraph id="08CF33EE42780C04D0D6D8E90FF48E80" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
|
||||
(Not:
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Carter, HJ" journalOrPublisher="Tetrahedron" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" title="New sponges, observations on old ones, and a proposed new group. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (5) 10: 106 - 125." url="10.1080/00222938209459681" year="1882">Carter 1882</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="4437BBBCA4C0A5F8C9EDD6817F3B2DE3" author="Carter, HJ" journalOrPublisher="Tetrahedron" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" title="New sponges, observations on old ones, and a proposed new group. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (5) 10: 106 - 125." url="10.1080/00222938209459681" year="1882">Carter 1882</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: 294 =
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Trikentrion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trikentrion flabelliforme" order="Axinellida" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="flabelliforme">Trikentrion flabelliforme</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="1E84CA2DC01260CD2AD22784794DAB66" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Trikentrion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trikentrion flabelliforme" order="Axinellida" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="flabelliforme">Trikentrion flabelliforme</taxonomicName>
|
||||
; nec:
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Burton, M" journalOrPublisher="Institut royal colonial Belge Bulletin des Seances" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" pagination="753 - 758" title="Marine sponges of Congo coast." volume="19" year="1948">Burton 1948</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="7DC5762FAA01AA706835ABDBAA28EB39" author="Burton, M" journalOrPublisher="Institut royal colonial Belge Bulletin des Seances" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" pagination="753 - 758" title="Marine sponges of Congo coast." volume="19" year="1948">Burton 1948</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
=
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Trikentrion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trikentrion africanum" order="Axinellida" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="africanum">Trikentrion africanum</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="ECE04A96F1759F6811F24AF7F327F644" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Trikentrion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trikentrion africanum" order="Axinellida" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="africanum">Trikentrion africanum</taxonomicName>
|
||||
sp. n.)
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="material examined">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Material examined.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Holotype: BMNH 1848.10.4.6 (additional numbers Dh.2, 252), West Africa, coll. Rev. Allen; label text, presumably by Carter, reads Trikentrion Ehlers, very long acuates.</paragraph>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="A4D44BBB402536C72C203DD63FF6071D" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="material examined">
|
||||
<paragraph id="96E3E936984B8768339F33A7CA4106D9" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Material examined.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="9CB208A5A38A238B930D1DFDE11516A9" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Holotype: BMNH 1848.10.4.6 (additional numbers Dh.2, 252), West Africa, coll. Rev. Allen; label text, presumably by Carter, reads Trikentrion Ehlers, very long acuates.</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection lastPageId="38" lastPageNumber="39" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Description.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="3362968DC806C7BD8D39B19488F10350" lastPageId="38" lastPageNumber="39" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph id="66944A47F8B8DA17E205E8B18990BF6D" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Description.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="D06B8A0B75EC76D0B2BD1410BE684196" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
|
||||
Multi-branched bush (Fig. 21A), with single stalk of 1.5 cm high, 0.8 cm diameter, from which cylindrical branches spread out dichotomously, ending in approximately 26 smaller terminally rounded branches. Size of entire specimen, which is broken in two unequal parts, 4.5
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="E8C8E506EFCC52D4D3379E905F2297A5" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
5.5
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="B3547BA6A2223519BD5FEC1F53B4A140" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
3 cm. Surface optically smooth, but microhispid, with punctate appearance. Consistency (dry) crumbly compressible, colour beige-purplish.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
|
||||
<paragraph id="D37E9C04F2F607266AE44766BED5634D" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
|
||||
Skeleton: a comparatively loose reticulation of oxeas echinated sparingly with polyactines, forming rounded or squarish meshes of 150-200
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="76CFE2A01DDF5E4D92BCCB2A80975796" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
diameter, with 5 or more oxeas to the sides, no axial specialization. Peripherally there are numerous long thin styles, accompanied by short thin styles.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
|
||||
<pageBreakToken pageId="38" pageNumber="39" start="start">Spicules</pageBreakToken>
|
||||
<paragraph id="73B89185D6219F98B2732E7C33029DBD" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
|
||||
<pageBreakToken id="7335994487C9A274AE8897DA6A7EC15A" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" start="start">Spicules</pageBreakToken>
|
||||
: long thin styles, short thin styles, oxeas, polyactines, trichodragmas.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
|
||||
<paragraph id="980FA5B405B063B915954203098C054B" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
|
||||
Long thin styles (Fig. 21B), rather curved, 750
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="–921.8–">-921.8-</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="975B9D619A6EB0E2123D6A19BF4AACEC" originalValue="–921.8–">-921.8-</normalizedToken>
|
||||
1062
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="9A94987D0DAEADFDC90CE9D8575EC82D" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
4
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="–6.6–">-6.6-</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="150364A151AA8E72138F5239A67543A1" originalValue="–6.6–">-6.6-</normalizedToken>
|
||||
9
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="F7F9B022D640E1B6C098129ADAC09AF8" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
|
||||
<paragraph id="401F946E2F85CB53DBF4B850E21F0BAB" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
|
||||
Short thin styles (Figs 21C, C1), often modified to thin oxeotes, wispy, curved, 234
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="–312.9–">-312.9-</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="2E36FBE720CA91E07F6718B8BFA485CE" originalValue="–312.9–">-312.9-</normalizedToken>
|
||||
433
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="EC81A76BCAFA1BF30C1A8D1F3C123D04" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
0.5
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="–1.4–">-1.4-</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="9B3540D635F1B9879F94C226579507EE" originalValue="–1.4–">-1.4-</normalizedToken>
|
||||
2.5
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="7DC44622667F78B967DF2287DB11AE54" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
|
||||
<paragraph id="A7B343AD8199329D7DFB4C514D91B79E" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
|
||||
Choanosomal
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="‘true’">'true'</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="7D2AC45DBFA27F7B0DF12C85E236AC44" originalValue="‘true’">'true'</normalizedToken>
|
||||
oxeas (Figs 21D) (not to be confused with diactinal polyactines), straight, or more often centrotylote or abruptly curved, with pointed ends, very common, 175
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="–204.1–">-204.1-</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="BA5881F99035F72E8DFAC6A6F2AB44BE" originalValue="–204.1–">-204.1-</normalizedToken>
|
||||
242
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="CD93A131A8CE5D9BE7117B066DE8D02F" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
6
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="–9.6–">-9.6-</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="D7BFE7856ED838346769663772C9E3C1" originalValue="–9.6–">-9.6-</normalizedToken>
|
||||
13
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="CAAE174621DB66B299E8E6BD83CE2E83" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
|
||||
<paragraph id="883542E132D5FA492C7D78CC9C0AF239" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
|
||||
Polyactines (Fig. 21E), usually three-claded, occasionally four-claded or diactinal, mostly Y-shaped, less often equiangular, with the basal ray provided with strong hook-like spines, basal cladi 59
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="–69.6–">-69.6-</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="8D4F083947FB92021A415A1887192960" originalValue="–69.6–">-69.6-</normalizedToken>
|
||||
89
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="E0E26C4C76AD748CD4757461F516F6EA" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
10
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="–11.9–">-11.9-</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="2C186D5FEC98F8C274D5FF844ADB0FFE" originalValue="–11.9–">-11.9-</normalizedToken>
|
||||
15
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="91289123B1B56B140D6D0F0315419A37" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
, lateral cladi 47
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="–63.4–">-63.4-</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="F3D7900F32983C2635E6F55029A68536" originalValue="–63.4–">-63.4-</normalizedToken>
|
||||
75
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="D4760C5D8BF6106B2AE287C5E16FCBC2" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
9
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="–10.7–">-10.7-</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="24D6562EFB5B1A04B1C57E206D3575B5" originalValue="–10.7–">-10.7-</normalizedToken>
|
||||
13
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="7C29A9B12A13FA02C5F3FA9D94AA37C4" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
|
||||
<paragraph id="F3CB0B58EAD5958C60C33B4D6EA0BB3F" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
|
||||
Trichodragmas (Fig. 21F), straight or curved, 32
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="–48.2–">-48.2-</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="4EDD94674747A5F0548487A37831CE15" originalValue="–48.2–">-48.2-</normalizedToken>
|
||||
60
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="0F6D6E7926530EB88B6E1804292C6EAF" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
4
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="–8.2–">-8.2-</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="5D1B1522D64C85D8811DD6CF2DFAF0B8" originalValue="–8.2–">-8.2-</normalizedToken>
|
||||
11
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="A5AB532B67B51DEF3982D3B946AC858A" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="38" pageNumber="39" type="distribution">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Distribution.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="38" pageNumber="39">West Africa (Carter, 1879).</paragraph>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="92E7EDF1854507A89CF7314A112122B4" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" type="distribution">
|
||||
<paragraph id="A8CC22EF976410C65DFF85D7289C0840" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Distribution.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="840AA8DCACCB872683D9FCF94B97BD65" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">West Africa (Carter, 1879).</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="38" pageNumber="39" type="ecology">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Ecology.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Probably from shallow water or washed up on the beach. No further data.</paragraph>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="3FE7DF777056999FB559A97E58FFE793" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" type="ecology">
|
||||
<paragraph id="FBC20BC83653F87B846D1A77A2C23F01" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Ecology.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="ED6B32379CD5219A57C30D3B41290767" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Probably from shallow water or washed up on the beach. No further data.</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="38" pageNumber="39" type="discussion">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Discussion.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="F368F3BE37474CF85EF4F10823DE5F85" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" type="discussion">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8C375B337A2EB67D161AC92CB5A9C480" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Discussion.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="577AC79E5C1B42231DD83AD127DE6613" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
|
||||
This is the first redescription after
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Carter’s">Carter's</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="DF0BA47FD573839A4D9AD9180771209E" originalValue="Carter’s">Carter's</normalizedToken>
|
||||
report, which is accurate but deficient in omitting the trichodragmas and short thin styles. This is also the first depiction of habit of the specimen and with the details provided here the species is now at least properly described, but it remains ill known.
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Carter, HJ" journalOrPublisher="Tetrahedron" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" title="Contributions to our knowledge of the Spongida. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (5) 3: 284 - 304, 343 - 360." url="10.1080/00222937908562401" year="1879">Carter (1879)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="861F60A960DDB7736CDAD34DBA852892" author="Carter, HJ" journalOrPublisher="Tetrahedron" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" title="Contributions to our knowledge of the Spongida. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (5) 3: 284 - 304, 343 - 360." url="10.1080/00222937908562401" year="1879">Carter (1879)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
differentiated this species from
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Trikentrion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trikentrion muricatum" order="Axinellida" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="muricatum">Trikentrion muricatum</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="DE7DC22003D611501FCBD414963071C7" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Trikentrion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trikentrion muricatum" order="Axinellida" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="muricatum">Trikentrion muricatum</taxonomicName>
|
||||
by emphasizing the presence of ectosomal long styles, which appear lacking in
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Trikentrion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trikentrion muricatum" order="Axinellida" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="muricatum">Trikentrion muricatum</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="395ACB88B6969F1F6CBD11320C871D9A" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Trikentrion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trikentrion muricatum" order="Axinellida" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="muricatum">Trikentrion muricatum</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. The shape and surface characteristics of the two are also quite different, and sizes of the oxeas and polyactines are considerably smaller than in
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Trikentrion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trikentrion muricatum" order="Axinellida" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="muricatum">Trikentrion muricatum</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="9CF1C0C9E89BF43A7EFDAF66548A3796" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Trikentrion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trikentrion muricatum" order="Axinellida" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="muricatum">Trikentrion muricatum</taxonomicName>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Carter, HJ" journalOrPublisher="Tetrahedron" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" title="New sponges, observations on old ones, and a proposed new group. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (5) 10: 106 - 125." url="10.1080/00222938209459681" year="1882">Carter (1882)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<paragraph id="5AE728EACD4FE2BC406DCEC317845639" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="D63217E7D534FE9F553D6EEE63B4B523" author="Carter, HJ" journalOrPublisher="Tetrahedron" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" title="New sponges, observations on old ones, and a proposed new group. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (5) 10: 106 - 125." url="10.1080/00222938209459681" year="1882">Carter (1882)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
reported this species from Australia, but from his description it is clear that it concerns the species later described as
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Trikentrion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trikentrion flabelliforme" order="Axinellida" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="flabelliforme">Trikentrion flabelliforme</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="D5FAD0900F496632CF2A19F1D9A96B0E" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Trikentrion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trikentrion flabelliforme" order="Axinellida" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="flabelliforme">Trikentrion flabelliforme</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Hentschel, 1912. The two differ significantly in shape (T. flabelliforme being thinner or thicker bladed, lacking rounded branches forming a three-dimensional bush). The three other species of
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Trikentrion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trikentrion" order="Axinellida" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">Trikentrion</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="8A67EB8BE79DCCDA5D26229B2951589F" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Trikentrion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trikentrion" order="Axinellida" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">Trikentrion</taxonomicName>
|
||||
differ by lacking oxeas.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Burton, M" journalOrPublisher="Institut royal colonial Belge Bulletin des Seances" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" pagination="753 - 758" title="Marine sponges of Congo coast." volume="19" year="1948">Burton (1948)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<paragraph id="A868705BF81C0532FC77837733C2AD0E" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="416B8D84E08B8779704BAB5E66AA1D9B" author="Burton, M" journalOrPublisher="Institut royal colonial Belge Bulletin des Seances" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" pagination="753 - 758" title="Marine sponges of Congo coast." volume="19" year="1948">Burton (1948)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
reported this species from the
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="République">Republique</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="3DEF41D145ED0BA8BA62F8751DAAEB47" originalValue="République">Republique</normalizedToken>
|
||||
du Congo, more to the south, but this specimen lacks oxeas and has a different shape. It is assigned to a new species (
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Trikentrion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trikentrion africanum" order="Axinellida" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="africanum">Trikentrion africanum</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="3C0CDCC35ABFB15204C0C48F26862CE0" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Trikentrion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trikentrion africanum" order="Axinellida" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="africanum">Trikentrion africanum</taxonomicName>
|
||||
sp. n.) below.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
|
||||
<caption id="92B66056FFFBBBDD625E43685C771EEB" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
|
||||
<paragraph id="BD36A6597493A5237708C9AB7CE07739" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
|
||||
Figure 21.
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Trikentrion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trikentrion laeve" order="Axinellida" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="laeve">Trikentrion laeve</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="EA48BF38EEB689D0B95CAB5E9BA91D7A" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Trikentrion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trikentrion laeve" order="Axinellida" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="laeve">Trikentrion laeve</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Carter, 1879, holotype BMNH 1848.10.4.6, A shape of holotype specimen (size bar = 1 cm) B details of apices of long thin style C short thin style C1 detail of rounded head of short thin style D oxeas E polyactine F trichodragma.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -1,174 +1,174 @@
|
|||
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="152037790" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:5BC4D4DF2CB541D5A7629D93E68E7D0B" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/5BC4D4DF2CB541D5A7629D93E68E7D0B" lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="21" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
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|
||||
<taxonomicName LSID="http://species-id.net/wiki/Cyamon_aruense" authority="Hentschel, 1912" authorityName="Hentschel" authorityYear="1912" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon aruense" order="Axinellida" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="aruense">Cyamon aruense Hentschel, 1912</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<treatment id="5BC4D4DF2CB541D5A7629D93E68E7D0B" ID-GBIF-Taxon="152037790" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:5BC4D4DF2CB541D5A7629D93E68E7D0B" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/5BC4D4DF2CB541D5A7629D93E68E7D0B" lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="21" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
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|
||||
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|
||||
<taxonomicName id="D0F0F4B85162D0AE8345C04B5DCBAD3A" ID-CoL="32N2D" LSID="http://species-id.net/wiki/Cyamon_aruense" authority="Hentschel, 1912" authorityName="Hentschel" authorityYear="1912" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon aruense" order="Axinellida" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="aruense">Cyamon aruense Hentschel, 1912</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Figs 9
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="A–E">A-E</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="1AA4E8DCB66628B5BDA6A7BAFB5C54E6" originalValue="A–E">A-E</normalizedToken>
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||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
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||||
<subSubSection pageId="20" pageNumber="21" type="reference_group">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon aruense" order="Axinellida" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="aruense">Cyamon aruense</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Hentschel, E" journalOrPublisher="Abhandlungen herausgegeben von der Senckenbergischen naturforschenden Gesellschaft" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" pagination="293 - 448" title="Kiesel- und Hornschwaemme der Aru- und Kei-Inseln." volume="34" year="1912">Hentschel 1912</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="BD60868FB8C44C744CBA51C294D5A1DA" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" type="reference_group">
|
||||
<paragraph id="7F95FFCFA6F73F93E6D16DAB5E215224" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="63D36A6B7BA3D8FDA037AE34D36694C3" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon aruense" order="Axinellida" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="aruense">Cyamon aruense</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="18406B14FAE4D2E903EEBEDCC786932F" author="Hentschel, E" journalOrPublisher="Abhandlungen herausgegeben von der Senckenbergischen naturforschenden Gesellschaft" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" pagination="293 - 448" title="Kiesel- und Hornschwaemme der Aru- und Kei-Inseln." volume="34" year="1912">Hentschel 1912</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
; 374, pl. 20 fig. 33 (Aru Islands, Indonesia);
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Hooper, JNA" journalOrPublisher="Invertebrate Taxonomy" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" pagination="1179 - 1418" title="Revision of the family Raspailiidae (Porifera: Demospongiae), with description of Australian species." url="10.1071/IT9911179" volume="5" year="1991">Hooper 1991</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="3DE772274418BCEB429FFE0134663B2B" author="Hooper, JNA" journalOrPublisher="Invertebrate Taxonomy" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" pagination="1179 - 1418" title="Revision of the family Raspailiidae (Porifera: Demospongiae), with description of Australian species." url="10.1071/IT9911179" volume="5" year="1991">Hooper 1991</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: 1305, figs 63f-i.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="20" pageNumber="21" type="material examined">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Material examined.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="855CC6FD554EE00DA416D99946CCE0ED" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" type="material examined">
|
||||
<paragraph id="764B394574D496388E32007562F2EB0C" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Material examined.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="87082578760F91F26646B520B6D3A54F" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||||
Fragment of holotypeSMF 1618, preserved in alcohol, Indonesia, Aru Islands, Straits of Dobo, 6°S,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="134.8333">134.8333°E</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
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|
||||
, 40 m, coll. H. Merton, 20
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="–03–">-03-</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="8C3C3BD03B24F23269CF6F0EC514DD98" originalValue="–03–">-03-</normalizedToken>
|
||||
1908.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="20" pageNumber="21" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Description.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="AF55A59CAFDA480B1C6D38E0E3FEFBBA" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph id="33F0A9819CAC50DDC547F37A525635F7" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Description.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="E12FA5A62BC3ADEC7D99F3B3F70061DF" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||||
The holotype is an encrusting sponge of 6 cm long and 3 cm wide growing over a haplosclerid sponge (Hentschel, 1912). The fragment of less than 0.5
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="6513E8DD9F92B7FD98F7CB14D6081FC0" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
0.5 cm and 1 mm in thickness (see Fig. 9A) examined by us was mixed with the haplosclerid in such a way that the microscopic slides were thoroughly contaminated with it. We have to rely on
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Hentschel’s">Hentschel's</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="B8C44ED4E50D9C8031547648A34F67C2" originalValue="Hentschel’s">Hentschel's</normalizedToken>
|
||||
remarks about shape and surface characters. The surface is hispid due to the long styles protruding from the sponge, which was grey coloured in alcohol, but shows a pale brownish colour in our fragment. Consistency not mentioned by Hentschel, but crumbly describes it best.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Skeleton: the usual basal mass of polyactinal spicules upon which relatively long styles are erected surrounded in the periphery by bundles of thin centrotylote styles. Thick short styles are singly erect on the substrate, buried in the basal mass of polyactines.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Spicules: long thin styles, centrotylote thin styles, short thick styles, polyactines.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||||
<paragraph id="C40522D670168A8218AF5ED020845BDA" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Skeleton: the usual basal mass of polyactinal spicules upon which relatively long styles are erected surrounded in the periphery by bundles of thin centrotylote styles. Thick short styles are singly erect on the substrate, buried in the basal mass of polyactines.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8C4979F1B9CDA7E13521F81A0CA1DD95" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Spicules: long thin styles, centrotylote thin styles, short thick styles, polyactines.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="DFE409F0A574E353A363CAC7A67C8C99" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||||
Long thin styles (Figs 9B, B1), relatively rare, smooth, almost always broken in the slides so we cannot show a complete SEM image of them, heads smooth and not distinguished in width from the shaft, the other end gradually pointed. Longest style approximately 1620
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="5C8ACD888D153650FF79821087510758" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
16
|
||||
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|
||||
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|
||||
, whereas Hentschel mentioned 1760
|
||||
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|
||||
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|
||||
9-12
|
||||
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|
||||
<normalizedToken id="00F87280B945D360E43E3D8A666B2199" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
. Hentschel suggested a faint tyle, but we did not observe this.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||||
<paragraph id="260328F1AE709487CECB5D747A8B17B4" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||||
Centrotylote thin styles (Fig. 9C, C1), smooth, curved, with a tyle near the middle of the spicule, but not exactly in the middle, the most common spicule of the monaxone spicule complement, 302
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="–368.7–">-368.7-</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="5018AAE29591E20F715CB3E6C0E207B7" originalValue="–368.7–">-368.7-</normalizedToken>
|
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426
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="F7972A53FCF623CCCA88050BB721577F" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
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1.5
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="–2.6–">-2.6-</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="8F6BF26D6097F78BDBFE592798FD603D" originalValue="–2.6–">-2.6-</normalizedToken>
|
||||
4
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="086755CD721AF1D5CC6210A615D28E4D" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||||
<paragraph id="AF2EBD5F799D8141AE05FC35B533C031" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||||
Short thick styles (Fig 9D, D1), relatively rare, smooth, often curved in the upper half, slightly fusiform, with a faint tyle, 297
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="–389.8–">-389.8-</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="376CFC6C6E983AEE1EC92BF571F2B946" originalValue="–389.8–">-389.8-</normalizedToken>
|
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456
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
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<normalizedToken id="CF91F20A53D00451AE3B6BD538CAA003" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
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8
|
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<normalizedToken originalValue="–13.9–">-13.9-</normalizedToken>
|
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<normalizedToken id="70386BB3F47F927BC7A5774E00B7AF7C" originalValue="–13.9–">-13.9-</normalizedToken>
|
||||
17
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="AC20315420F39812E74394291597716D" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||||
<paragraph id="5F5BAC2C4D266367FFFEE6394115EBEE" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||||
Polyactines (Figs 9E) with 3-5 cladi, all of which are heavily spined with relatively coarse spines, without smooth areas, basal cladi rather blunt compared to those of other species, 48
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="–68.9–">-68.9-</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="2E61D86558D5DF59DE76BF061F063FDF" originalValue="–68.9–">-68.9-</normalizedToken>
|
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84
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="62683CA4BB1D7EFD6719300517541A78" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
5
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="–8.1–">-8.1-</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="43DAE3EC2948173369409900282CBAA2" originalValue="–8.1–">-8.1-</normalizedToken>
|
||||
11
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="3B743A17D2B5D42A7872AA5A41F1438F" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
, lateral cladi 29
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="–40.6–">-40.6-</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="2DDDD1F89D3A32D14D54AB6782D12B01" originalValue="–40.6–">-40.6-</normalizedToken>
|
||||
54
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="216B186A1FF6C4F640C6335EC28237F5" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
4
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="–6.7–">-6.7-</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="1FDC2673254671AF0D794FEAD7C2B41B" originalValue="–6.7–">-6.7-</normalizedToken>
|
||||
8
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="39009F76E8FDEF225CF5A6476C812D20" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||||
<caption id="3EF489206A903E55DA476C045A129D41" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||||
<paragraph id="97CF36373FF50091CDE44B362A08EDAB" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||||
Figure 9.
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon aruense" order="Axinellida" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="aruense">Cyamon aruense</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="831D5F1BA57B2ECB2796D4F0443AE86D" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon aruense" order="Axinellida" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="aruense">Cyamon aruense</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Hentschel, 1912, holotype SMF 1618, A fragments from holotype B long thin style (broken) B1 detail of head of long thin style C short thin style C1 detail of head of short thin style D short thick style D1 detail of head of short thick style E polyactines.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="20" pageNumber="21" type="distribution">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Distribution.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Only known from the Arafura Sea.</paragraph>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="0D4CFDAB9BF795351097ABC3147161E1" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" type="distribution">
|
||||
<paragraph id="54D7549B41C63C2C94C6263E96D1A8B4" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Distribution.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="49160D24F2E31D3CD34DA302ED632DED" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Only known from the Arafura Sea.</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="20" pageNumber="21" type="ecology">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Ecology.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Deeper water on hard substrate.</paragraph>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="EDF864CBC91E556ADEB75B78A84C80CB" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" type="ecology">
|
||||
<paragraph id="49B49839F19CD1E4117F8213D5C53B71" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Ecology.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="6170F82B8C7BB3F6DC07B9272EB8BD74" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Deeper water on hard substrate.</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="22" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" type="discussion">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Discussion.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="22" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="E9D955730BB6E95951142F55F51DD12B" lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="22" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" type="discussion">
|
||||
<paragraph id="90AFB10E4631B5DCF5B2EE8B590598DF" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Discussion.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="044B5D4DB4042B50998D2A99795860CD" lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="22" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||||
The heavy spination of the polyactines appears to be a distinct feature of this species.
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Hooper’s">Hooper's</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="CB62C87F87CB729AE5165BF775BE62D0" originalValue="Hooper’s">Hooper's</normalizedToken>
|
||||
(1991) redescription denies the occurrence in this species of centrotylote ectosomal thin styles, wheras these spicules appeared common in the fragment of the holotype examined by us. These spicules are comparable to those of
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon arguinense" order="Axinellida" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="arguinense">Cyamon arguinense</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="1E0FFD1488F3CCDE3CC59C58554D32FB" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon arguinense" order="Axinellida" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="arguinense">Cyamon arguinense</taxonomicName>
|
||||
sp. n., rather than to those of
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon vickersii" order="Axinellida" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="vickersii">Cyamon vickersii</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="D4D20E2AA21DDA9D482C3663439249DE" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon vickersii" order="Axinellida" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="vickersii">Cyamon vickersii</taxonomicName>
|
||||
because they do not have the characteristic crooked shape and also are not rugose at the pointed end. The polyactines of this species appear somewhat similar to those of
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon quadriradiatum" order="Axinellida" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="quadriradiatum">Cyamon quadriradiatum</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="DC3EEBA27BE0028D9D02C06CC425BED8" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon quadriradiatum" order="Axinellida" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="quadriradiatum">Cyamon quadriradiatum</taxonomicName>
|
||||
as described and
|
||||
<pageBreakToken pageId="21" pageNumber="22" start="start">drawn</pageBreakToken>
|
||||
<pageBreakToken id="1620754FA4EC73D4411E261CC1E6118B" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" start="start">drawn</pageBreakToken>
|
||||
by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Carter, HJ" journalOrPublisher="Tetrahedron" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" title="Report on specimens dredged up from the Gulf of Manaar and presented to the Liverpool Free Museum by Capt. W. H. Cawne Warren. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (5) 6: 35 - 61, 129 - 156." url="10.1080/00222938009458893" year="1880">Carter (1880)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="3AACC95B638F9163AC8D868D98DE64FB" author="Carter, HJ" journalOrPublisher="Tetrahedron" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" title="Report on specimens dredged up from the Gulf of Manaar and presented to the Liverpool Free Museum by Capt. W. H. Cawne Warren. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (5) 6: 35 - 61, 129 - 156." url="10.1080/00222938009458893" year="1880">Carter (1880)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
. However, details and sizes of the other spicules differ between the two: long styles are much longer and thinner in
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon aruense" order="Axinellida" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="aruense">Cyamon aruense</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="5CB9BCDE8235C0DCFDA8515376328F89" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon aruense" order="Axinellida" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="aruense">Cyamon aruense</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and there is apparently no further category of short thick styles in
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon quadriradiatum" order="Axinellida" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="quadriradiatum">Cyamon quadriradiatum</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2EEE009E781612DD9896FE21E6D55ABE" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon quadriradiatum" order="Axinellida" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="quadriradiatum">Cyamon quadriradiatum</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. Since both are ill known, we must have more data and further specimens to establish these species as distinct.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
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<mods:identifier id="EB4F585659F52C38C4B5EED828D950D2" type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-239-1</mods:identifier>
|
||||
</mods:mods>
|
||||
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="152037777" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:65AF00D2281ACE7D4082B7423B16DD04" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/65AF00D2281ACE7D4082B7423B16DD04" lastPageId="31" lastPageNumber="32" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="nomenclature">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
|
||||
<treatment id="65AF00D2281ACE7D4082B7423B16DD04" ID-GBIF-Taxon="152037777" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:65AF00D2281ACE7D4082B7423B16DD04" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/65AF00D2281ACE7D4082B7423B16DD04" lastPageId="31" lastPageNumber="32" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="DD5F0C4EF2CAA90F228AFB9CF418D083" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="nomenclature">
|
||||
<paragraph id="47C34611CEB2A40464FE3183F842BD09" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
|
||||
Genus
|
||||
<taxonomicName LSID="http://species-id.net/wiki/Trikentrion" authority="Ehlers, 1870" authorityName="Ehlers" authorityYear="1870" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Trikentrion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trikentrion" order="Axinellida" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">Trikentrion Ehlers, 1870</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="A563C22C3778F4B18766947746DF69DE" ID-CoL="84VFL" LSID="http://species-id.net/wiki/Trikentrion" authority="Ehlers, 1870" authorityName="Ehlers" authorityYear="1870" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Trikentrion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trikentrion" order="Axinellida" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">Trikentrion Ehlers, 1870</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="type species">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Type species:</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Spongiidae" genus="Spongia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Spongia muricata" order="Dictyoceratida" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="muricata">Spongia muricata</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="E5371D7B9378A95B4401593DE7D5F61B" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="type species">
|
||||
<paragraph id="2DD0B0C906069A13AA6585A518BD8740" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Type species:</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="DA6625322977AD2FC6C0AF766532F067" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="62B567B7828E7FAF9DFD635053790945" class="Demospongiae" family="Spongiidae" genus="Spongia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Spongia muricata" order="Dictyoceratida" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="muricata">Spongia muricata</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Pallas, 1766 (by monotypy).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="definition">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Definition</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="E7A8E086039BBB682DA04C4BA4244CCB" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="definition">
|
||||
<paragraph id="380823366CA982C63ACB671C883CCC6E" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Definition</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="9B1C58115CE692DE31BB7CC3FB28D04E" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
|
||||
(emended).
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Cyamoninae">Cyamoninae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="C63ECB6CCA3E58E01AB7F1D595380125" lsidName="" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Cyamoninae">Cyamoninae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
with reticulate skeleton containing polyactine spicules of which the basal cladi are provided with hook-like spines in mature condition, and if present choanosomal oxeas. Microscleres trichodragmas. Additional longer and shorter thin styles are usually present in peripheral regions.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection lastPageId="31" lastPageNumber="32" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="remarks">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Remarks.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph lastPageId="31" lastPageNumber="32" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="A2675020D42777D0E97237596BF63913" lastPageId="31" lastPageNumber="32" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="remarks">
|
||||
<paragraph id="C6A9620926A87B9CABE76A38D51C5838" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Remarks.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="CCA235A86288B6825D9DEE3D2148BA2B" lastPageId="31" lastPageNumber="32" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
|
||||
Polyactine spicules are genuinely polyaxone, with axial canals visible in all of the predominantly three, occasionally four- or two cladi. As will be demonstrated below, none of the specimens of the type species we were able to examine, including the neotype, possess the raspailiid synapomorphy of peripheral long styles surrounded by short styles, despite
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Hooper’s">Hooper's</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="725A4DBC0340EE5FB34CC5F1C7FC50E9" originalValue="Hooper’s">Hooper's</normalizedToken>
|
||||
(2002) description of the type species where such spicules were mentioned. Possibly, but unlikely, these spicules are present in living condition, because we only had dry old specimens available and the peripheral skeleton may have become abraded. It seems likely that
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Hooper’s">Hooper's</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="4EC74948130CDBFAF85CC9740D6B42F7" originalValue="Hooper’s">Hooper's</normalizedToken>
|
||||
(2002) description was based on a contaminated spicule slide. All other
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Trikentrion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trikentrion" order="Axinellida" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">Trikentrion</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="E3E121C83FC085CA646C11B2A3602936" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Trikentrion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trikentrion" order="Axinellida" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">Trikentrion</taxonomicName>
|
||||
species do have the long and
|
||||
<pageBreakToken pageId="31" pageNumber="32" start="start">short</pageBreakToken>
|
||||
<pageBreakToken id="493F10465F157AD6FBAF068899A86C77" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" start="start">short</pageBreakToken>
|
||||
styles as a peripheral skeletal feature, and in that sense the type species appears a deviating representative of the genus.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Trikentrion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trikentrion" order="Axinellida" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">Trikentrion</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<paragraph id="872EE2E3FFE9258512EABE18CD91CDC7" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="A3F8F9330F467CE864E77479FF35347D" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Trikentrion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trikentrion" order="Axinellida" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">Trikentrion</taxonomicName>
|
||||
differs from
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon" order="Axinellida" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">Cyamon</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="A2F544934515234ECC43F8627194B205" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon" order="Axinellida" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">Cyamon</taxonomicName>
|
||||
in its possession of choanosomal oxeas (whereas
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon" order="Axinellida" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">Cyamon</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="FDB69742448C02A31A73FCAD2C719D45" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon" order="Axinellida" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">Cyamon</taxonomicName>
|
||||
has styles), but several species,
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Trikentrion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trikentrion catalina" order="Axinellida" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="catalina">Trikentrion catalina</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="FA1E1B83F4D3FE23F63D0063C8F799DB" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Trikentrion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trikentrion catalina" order="Axinellida" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="catalina">Trikentrion catalina</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Trikentrion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trikentrion helium" order="Axinellida" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="helium">Trikentrion helium</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="027B1FD986D7B66086A09A5EDE07282F" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Trikentrion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trikentrion helium" order="Axinellida" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="helium">Trikentrion helium</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Dickinson, 1945 and
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Trikentrion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trikentrion africanum" order="Axinellida" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="africanum">Trikentrion africanum</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="6481A552DD599C9DEF343585613A9B58" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Trikentrion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trikentrion africanum" order="Axinellida" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="africanum">Trikentrion africanum</taxonomicName>
|
||||
sp. n., are lacking these spicules. The polyactines of
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Trikentrion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trikentrion" order="Axinellida" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">Trikentrion</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="1C4D5CEC4C25D27DE2FE8A95919B91D2" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Trikentrion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trikentrion" order="Axinellida" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">Trikentrion</taxonomicName>
|
||||
differ from those of
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon" order="Axinellida" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">Cyamon</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="904C0106E38B9306D2BA648241144E0F" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon" order="Axinellida" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">Cyamon</taxonomicName>
|
||||
in having only the basal clade provided with strong hook-like spines, with the lateral cladi smooth; also the shape is often Y- or T-shaped. As demonstrated above, these differences are not entirely exclusive, because
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon arguinense" order="Axinellida" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="arguinense">Cyamon arguinense</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="632037F2BD0421F97B907C6B918E8BD3" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon arguinense" order="Axinellida" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="arguinense">Cyamon arguinense</taxonomicName>
|
||||
sp. n. and
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Trikentrion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trikentrion quinqueradiatum" order="Axinellida" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="quinqueradiatum">Trikentrion quinqueradiatum</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="C0736C8AFE0A7E79DB4A7A207AC4AF6D" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Trikentrion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trikentrion quinqueradiatum" order="Axinellida" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="quinqueradiatum">Trikentrion quinqueradiatum</taxonomicName>
|
||||
also have only the basal cladus spined, whereas Y- and T-shaped polyactines occur in
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon neon" order="Axinellida" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="neon">Cyamon neon</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="C9C149E78626560DCEF36640ADCB6BBF" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon neon" order="Axinellida" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="neon">Cyamon neon</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon argon" order="Axinellida" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="argon">Cyamon argon</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="0815C7267D37F4F3E0EE1AE7AB533C17" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon argon" order="Axinellida" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="argon">Cyamon argon</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. Finally, all species of
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Trikentrion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trikentrion" order="Axinellida" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">Trikentrion</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="07BCF04036E330C60B857FF321914EE5" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Trikentrion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trikentrion" order="Axinellida" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">Trikentrion</taxonomicName>
|
||||
described below have abundant trichodragmas, which are entirely lacking in
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon" order="Axinellida" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">Cyamon</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="82E8D8FA20458A7674E69FDEE6E7BE3E" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon" order="Axinellida" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">Cyamon</taxonomicName>
|
||||
species.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -1,226 +1,226 @@
|
|||
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|
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|
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||||
<mods:namePart id="9146DE3C58C9AA9E8C067257C2B07EE7">Soest, Rob van</mods:namePart>
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|
||||
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||||
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|
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||||
<mods:namePart>Carballo, Jose Luis</mods:namePart>
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||||
<mods:namePart id="CEF16A1B2642925F189F3A0FAD2235CF">Carballo, Jose Luis</mods:namePart>
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||||
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|
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<mods:namePart>Hooper, John</mods:namePart>
|
||||
<mods:namePart id="94D093ADB5DFC1552181062448920EDE">Hooper, John</mods:namePart>
|
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<mods:date>2012</mods:date>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="152037781" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:6E8B3AA6A6B0F8055BD620EE476FBECF" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/6E8B3AA6A6B0F8055BD620EE476FBECF" lastPageId="43" lastPageNumber="44" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
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<subSubSection pageId="41" pageNumber="42" type="nomenclature">
|
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<paragraph pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
|
||||
<taxonomicName LSID="http://species-id.net/wiki/Trikentrion_helium" authority="Dickinson, 1945" authorityName="Dickinson" authorityYear="1945" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Trikentrion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trikentrion helium" order="Axinellida" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="helium">Trikentrion helium Dickinson, 1945</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<treatment id="6E8B3AA6A6B0F8055BD620EE476FBECF" ID-GBIF-Taxon="152037781" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:6E8B3AA6A6B0F8055BD620EE476FBECF" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/6E8B3AA6A6B0F8055BD620EE476FBECF" lastPageId="43" lastPageNumber="44" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
|
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<subSubSection id="36BB95A2759F46C63D408CB57E588195" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" type="nomenclature">
|
||||
<paragraph id="C08601D0FE7FF364BD907743ED184D7B" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="22F72657459CB6AB8763D88F97CE285C" ID-CoL="58TTD" LSID="http://species-id.net/wiki/Trikentrion_helium" authority="Dickinson, 1945" authorityName="Dickinson" authorityYear="1945" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Trikentrion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trikentrion helium" order="Axinellida" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="helium">Trikentrion helium Dickinson, 1945</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Figs 24
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="A–E">A-E</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="753BCEB1D6693CE5C65E1F6126815354" originalValue="A–E">A-E</normalizedToken>
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</paragraph>
|
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</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="41" pageNumber="42" type="reference_group">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Trikentrion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trikentrion helium" order="Axinellida" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="helium">Trikentrion helium</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Dickinson, MG" journalOrPublisher="The University of Southern California Press, Los Angeles" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" title="Sponges of the Gulf of California. Reports on the collections obtained by Alan Hancock Pacific Expeditions of Velero III off the coast of Mexico, Central America, South America, and Galapagos Islands in 1932, in 1933, in 1934, in 1935, in 1936, in 1937, in 1939, and 1940." year="1945">Dickinson 1945</bibRefCitation>
|
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<subSubSection id="F2B27C3E5E222D49CD4F158225060EE3" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" type="reference_group">
|
||||
<paragraph id="4821BCA37E8266AE918144DFB32B51A4" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="FE8E7DE327EAF4FA5766A52B275DA7B7" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Trikentrion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trikentrion helium" order="Axinellida" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="helium">Trikentrion helium</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="0B3971E0A4D905CA9FA5159AD91E34D5" author="Dickinson, MG" journalOrPublisher="The University of Southern California Press, Los Angeles" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" title="Sponges of the Gulf of California. Reports on the collections obtained by Alan Hancock Pacific Expeditions of Velero III off the coast of Mexico, Central America, South America, and Galapagos Islands in 1932, in 1933, in 1934, in 1935, in 1936, in 1937, in 1939, and 1940." year="1945">Dickinson 1945</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: 15, pl. 20 figs 39-40 (Mexican Pacific);
|
||||
<bibRefCitation pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Luke 1998</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="F1F4A1DCD008CBE94C3BBF22DDC1E0E3" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Luke 1998</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: 10 (La Jolla, Southern California).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Trikentrion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trikentrion catalina" order="Axinellida" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="catalina">? Trikentrion catalina</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<paragraph id="E37B87DF7947B7400F28A6C829466D70" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="6DCC8D330796CF2235A3B386DEEB2404" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Trikentrion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trikentrion catalina" order="Axinellida" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="catalina">? Trikentrion catalina</taxonomicName>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Gomez, P" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" pagination="223 - 237" title="New records for the sponge fauna (Porifea: Demospongiae) of the Pacific coast of Mexico (eastern Pacific Ocean)." volume="115" year="2002">
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Gómez">Gomez</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="236A5AEB0D716BE3D4B534C12673FA46" author="Gomez, P" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" pagination="223 - 237" title="New records for the sponge fauna (Porifea: Demospongiae) of the Pacific coast of Mexico (eastern Pacific Ocean)." volume="115" year="2002">
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="D522EC7F8D1D397145C03FD8FCB048B2" originalValue="Gómez">Gomez</normalizedToken>
|
||||
et al. 2002
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: 230, fig. 5 (Mexican Pacific).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="41" pageNumber="42" type="material examined">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Material examined.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="DE93A98DC449CCCA9C4C36581B1A48F6" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" type="material examined">
|
||||
<paragraph id="85747CC3A43C474ED5C32F3FA94372BA" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Material examined.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="7444F8278CF90CB452E0D7B86FDA17BA" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
|
||||
Holotype AHF-NMHLA L-35535 (D33), preserved in alcohol, Hancock Pacific Expeditions, Mexican Pacific, Cedros island, South Bay, approximately
|
||||
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="555" value="28.07">28.07°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="D93A11B26FA5487A888AE38439597E6B" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="555" value="28.07">28.07°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5555" value="-115.3">115.3°W</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="273971B3A18140E993C8333B4FCF2F52" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5555" value="-115.3">115.3°W</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
, 18-27 m depth, Velero Station 287-34, 10 March 1934.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
|
||||
<paragraph id="5740E9CFD32E6DFE9E36211CE8D5BF45" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
|
||||
Description. Undulating thin-bladed sheets together forming a bushy mass (Fig. 24A) of 7
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="4F7147A1DF7C5E05D4B9DE9307CCE1F8" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
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5
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||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="14170B031F5272518856FB6873FEE8C3" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
5 cm. The surface bears a thick spicule brush of 3 mm thickness. Conistency firm, brittle. Colour reddish brown (alcohol).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Skeleton: built chiefly by polyactines (no oxeas), supporting the bases of long styles, which are surrounded by dense brushes of short thin styles.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Spicules: long thin styles, short thin styles, polyactines among which numerous diactinal forms, trichodragmas.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
|
||||
<paragraph id="C49D65213AC866446B31EEEDD9EFBDFE" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Skeleton: built chiefly by polyactines (no oxeas), supporting the bases of long styles, which are surrounded by dense brushes of short thin styles.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="9A3ABBDCD9A859AABA78D78E2D93C160" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Spicules: long thin styles, short thin styles, polyactines among which numerous diactinal forms, trichodragmas.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="08DCE4D552ED93BB46705DFCF3935297" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
|
||||
Long thin styles (Figs 24B, B1), variably thinner and thicker, but not divisible in two thickness categories, 952
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="–1808.1–">-1808.1-</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="87DB274F409BBCBF1005743B1C2D53EF" originalValue="–1808.1–">-1808.1-</normalizedToken>
|
||||
3393
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="19BD6876458BF2F5211C40C1E9BC38FC" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
18
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="–25.8–">-25.8-</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="1D55A3240AE90A03E147F656DCDBACF3" originalValue="–25.8–">-25.8-</normalizedToken>
|
||||
42
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="C0691A78436CABE05EF25D1D9E55B600" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
|
||||
<paragraph id="6921DA2CA7ED0A393D4FE2DF9C4ED380" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
|
||||
Short thin styles (Fig. 24C), usually curved, and often with a subterminal tyle, 372
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="–438.0–">-438.0-</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="C77007D635405C4E3B2AD5BD661402D1" originalValue="–438.0–">-438.0-</normalizedToken>
|
||||
510
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="B60CF1C42EC8CA03C9EEDCA8CB5984D3" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
2.5
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="–3.1–">-3.1-</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="4877BEE4E78E09302DF637FD53AD4A39" originalValue="–3.1–">-3.1-</normalizedToken>
|
||||
3.5
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="62E5B1FB4268B45434F39CFBD57A34E4" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
|
||||
<paragraph id="3B4E89A8258FEB014F43FBC13FFDB813" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
|
||||
Polyactines (Fig. 24D), predominantly wide-angled triactines (Fig. 24D), with basal cladi provided with course conical spines (Fig. 24D2), lateral cladi usually much longer than basal cladi, with smooth, rounded endings (Fig. 24D3); basal cladi 66
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="–105.4–">-105.4-</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="DBD7BC1225D73067F938DA0A03646B14" originalValue="–105.4–">-105.4-</normalizedToken>
|
||||
144
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="C669D1A25F91915E8DE1D255B5519EEF" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
8
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="–22.1–">-22.1-</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="218B2FE1C845DBF73A6AD7FEC42389E3" originalValue="–22.1–">-22.1-</normalizedToken>
|
||||
30
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="1132BF151C93A1E40ABB31DA8D2A38D1" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
, lateral cladi 96
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="–146.5–">-146.5-</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="0683FF0940313545B8A3D9D1724B0615" originalValue="–146.5–">-146.5-</normalizedToken>
|
||||
192
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="7BE32A89E050F07533D2C0C5EBD25E61" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
7
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="–23.6–">-23.6-</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="2A107EF7AA2A4F314D3A25140104AD65" originalValue="–23.6–">-23.6-</normalizedToken>
|
||||
36
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="DB16D4FD8AC8D60A4AEFC8A93C5B0F51" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
; few, mostly smaller, tetractinal polyactines occur, with cladi 27-63
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="7043643D2AA2D39B8F7F70A8E2E7A200" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
9
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="F18F6823A5D46F6BB92E6F80B14182CB" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
; more frequently diactinal reduced polyactines (Fig. 24D1) occur, asymmetrical, sometimes style-like, smooth, recognizable by an excentric swollen tyle, 192
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="–235.2–">-235.2-</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="77AEBBD53FB440BFDFB87BAD8676EB5A" originalValue="–235.2–">-235.2-</normalizedToken>
|
||||
306
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="B6C215F9A1176BCA6286334DF47627EE" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
13
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="–19.8–">-19.8-</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="F34D5B110A914F4136CAABA507AD5BAE" originalValue="–19.8–">-19.8-</normalizedToken>
|
||||
27
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="32DE59B9A09EBC2062853047E930BFFA" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
|
||||
<paragraph id="F50BC61B8ACCA841D50C59E991B434A3" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
|
||||
Trichodragmas (Fig. 24E) abundant, occurring throughout the choanosomal and ectosomal regions, 84
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="–100.7–">-100.7-</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="32B43FF0690FE3BF880349BDA49F908A" originalValue="–100.7–">-100.7-</normalizedToken>
|
||||
123
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="8950366FAEA4393C86C918DD66B78160" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
10
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="–12.1–">-12.1-</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="9800CF24BFD7C33D76FB5398C99BDB95" originalValue="–12.1–">-12.1-</normalizedToken>
|
||||
15
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="315E33B13DDD9B00842F707403D19DF3" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
. Individual raphides less than 0.5
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="19BF410A70E595C66CBECD890EF13E68" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
in thickness.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
|
||||
<caption id="0222A6E31D6BC004140E4DBDD3153DF4" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
|
||||
<paragraph id="9D1C027DA1EEBC0EE4D233C35DB8F824" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
|
||||
Figure 24.
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Trikentrion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trikentrion helium" order="Axinellida" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="helium">Trikentrion helium</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="64ECF1266BB7271240FE582D9748F168" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Trikentrion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trikentrion helium" order="Axinellida" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="helium">Trikentrion helium</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Dickinson, 1945, holotype AHF-NMHLA L-35535 (D33), A shape of holotype (photo Phyllis Sun) B long thin style B1 detail of head of long thin style C details of short thin style D polyactines D1 reduced diactinal polyactine D2 detail of spination of basal clade of three-claded polyactine D3 detail of apex of lateral clade of three-claded polyactine E trichodragmas.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection lastPageId="42" lastPageNumber="43" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" type="distribution">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Distribution.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph lastPageId="42" lastPageNumber="43" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="D473849AFA5B74367DC11E006555C59C" lastPageId="42" lastPageNumber="43" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" type="distribution">
|
||||
<paragraph id="010F21DFD92F15F037B076C675D407A6" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Distribution.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="45112A27B6064135351DF7E3F15D8DB5" lastPageId="42" lastPageNumber="43" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
|
||||
The holotype was collected in the Southern Californian Bight (Mexican Pacific).
|
||||
<bibRefCitation pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Luke (1998)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="BB28DFC6E42219F8C3DB1A6B6C127D46" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Luke (1998)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
records several specimens from La Jolla, California
|
||||
<pageBreakToken pageId="42" pageNumber="43" start="start">(</pageBreakToken>
|
||||
<pageBreakToken id="AFC6B43EC0594607577C729F2A42B40A" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" start="start">(</pageBreakToken>
|
||||
USA). If specimens of
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Gomez, P" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" pagination="223 - 237" title="New records for the sponge fauna (Porifea: Demospongiae) of the Pacific coast of Mexico (eastern Pacific Ocean)." volume="115" year="2002">
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Gómez">Gomez</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="6D736C59AB7523306CFEEBEB0DBE6A9B" author="Gomez, P" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" pagination="223 - 237" title="New records for the sponge fauna (Porifea: Demospongiae) of the Pacific coast of Mexico (eastern Pacific Ocean)." volume="115" year="2002">
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="C698FD1F56785585AA7EE01E1B0CE948" originalValue="Gómez">Gomez</normalizedToken>
|
||||
et al. (2002)
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
belong to this species, it occurs in the Sea of Cortez and further south along the Mexican Pacific coast.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="42" pageNumber="43" type="ecology">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Ecology.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Rocks and reefs at depths of 15-28 m.</paragraph>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="0919C75C8FBB1DC3F8EF568DC0DF2E00" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" type="ecology">
|
||||
<paragraph id="133D965026B3E465E505D3B9F4448D0E" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Ecology.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="53337058741C76336229ED67C442169A" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Rocks and reefs at depths of 15-28 m.</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection lastPageId="43" lastPageNumber="44" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" type="discussion">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Discussion.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph lastPageId="43" lastPageNumber="44" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="F146711F2B16484413F666A59B088578" lastPageId="43" lastPageNumber="44" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" type="discussion">
|
||||
<paragraph id="B4CAAE5CF280FF715AAC11842477375B" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Discussion.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="3B325168BD8D7B79409A379928AF4B7C" lastPageId="43" lastPageNumber="44" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
|
||||
The trichodragmas were not cited in the original description.
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Trikentrion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trikentrion helium" order="Axinellida" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="helium">Trikentrion helium</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4D0881E5AD87307CCFF4620F6250061D" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Trikentrion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trikentrion helium" order="Axinellida" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="helium">Trikentrion helium</taxonomicName>
|
||||
shares the dominance of three-claded polyactines with relatively long lateral cladi
|
||||
<pageBreakToken pageId="43" pageNumber="44" start="start">with</pageBreakToken>
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Trikentrion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trikentrion catalina" order="Axinellida" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="catalina">Trikentrion catalina</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<pageBreakToken id="B5ED8E7D31CC0BC1D6278E51A56D55DF" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" start="start">with</pageBreakToken>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="447700B55AF960D8599C1C43EC3497E9" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Trikentrion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trikentrion catalina" order="Axinellida" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="catalina">Trikentrion catalina</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(see below), to which it seems closely related. This species differs quite strongly from the other
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Trikentrion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trikentrion" order="Axinellida" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">Trikentrion</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="D71988D196519C0A46EC03141E4BF7E4" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Trikentrion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trikentrion" order="Axinellida" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">Trikentrion</taxonomicName>
|
||||
species by its possession of numerous diactinal or style-like reduced polyactines, which resemble, but clearly are not proper, oxeas like those of
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Trikentrion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trikentrion muricatum" order="Axinellida" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="muricatum">Trikentrion muricatum</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="9AEBEED2464EB7231A8F19A3A7E108D1" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Trikentrion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trikentrion muricatum" order="Axinellida" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="muricatum">Trikentrion muricatum</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Trikentrion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trikentrion flabelliforme" order="Axinellida" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="flabelliforme">Trikentrion flabelliforme</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="E176757CED71AD8B8BF77F72357173A7" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Trikentrion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trikentrion flabelliforme" order="Axinellida" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="flabelliforme">Trikentrion flabelliforme</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. The spicules are recognizable as polyactines by the substantial difference between the smoothly rounded end, resembling the ends of the lateral cladi of the three-claded polyactines, and the dissimilar pointed end which shows an irregular surface and is connected to the other end by a swollen, often irregular middle part. Their lengths coincide with the added lengths of a lateral and a basal clade of the three-claded forms. Such reduced diactinal polyactines are also common in
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon neon" order="Axinellida" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="neon">Cyamon neon</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="326B5C7FE03A6CB37F2A7337293DD8D0" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon neon" order="Axinellida" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="neon">Cyamon neon</taxonomicName>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
|
||||
<paragraph id="7E4F6EABB360FDDCC1C223F89F754174" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
|
||||
The specimens described by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Gomez, P" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" pagination="223 - 237" title="New records for the sponge fauna (Porifea: Demospongiae) of the Pacific coast of Mexico (eastern Pacific Ocean)." volume="115" year="2002">
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Gómez">Gomez</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="971EC937DB33E62C586D49C3161EBD9C" author="Gomez, P" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" pagination="223 - 237" title="New records for the sponge fauna (Porifea: Demospongiae) of the Pacific coast of Mexico (eastern Pacific Ocean)." volume="115" year="2002">
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="563B46DB102B0B2BB5107057BC08B40C" originalValue="Gómez">Gomez</normalizedToken>
|
||||
et al. (2002)
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
under the name
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Trikentrion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trikentrion catalina" order="Axinellida" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="catalina">Trikentrion catalina</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="53DE4922313CFA1661DB92F00D9F0C24" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Trikentrion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trikentrion catalina" order="Axinellida" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="catalina">Trikentrion catalina</taxonomicName>
|
||||
were branching erect rather than bladed, but branches were typically flattened, 2-4 mm in thickness. We reassign these specimens to
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Trikentrion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trikentrion helium" order="Axinellida" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="helium">Trikentrion helium</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="042F4BA35503211ED422330437116985" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Trikentrion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trikentrion helium" order="Axinellida" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="helium">Trikentrion helium</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, because they apparently possess oxea-like polyactines [described as oxeas but confirmed as reduced polyactines by one of us (JLC)], whereas in
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Trikentrion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trikentrion catalina" order="Axinellida" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="catalina">Trikentrion catalina</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="18BDAEB11D18C6E6999220180536E273" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Trikentrion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trikentrion catalina" order="Axinellida" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="catalina">Trikentrion catalina</taxonomicName>
|
||||
there are neither oxeas forming the main skeleton as in
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Trikentrion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trikentrion flabelliforme" order="Axinellida" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="flabelliforme">Trikentrion flabelliforme</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="25BD3E9A8D48F69BD206CBE6B52AC74D" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Trikentrion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trikentrion flabelliforme" order="Axinellida" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="flabelliforme">Trikentrion flabelliforme</taxonomicName>
|
||||
nor diactinal polyactines as in
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Trikentrion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trikentrion helium" order="Axinellida" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="helium">Trikentrion helium</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="A44BFDB207055DAB3D9E655A23C91D60" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Trikentrion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trikentrion helium" order="Axinellida" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="helium">Trikentrion helium</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. The difference in shape between the type of
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Trikentrion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trikentrion helium" order="Axinellida" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="helium">Trikentrion helium</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="17C4F316A907B2D615F6EFC304C72B02" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Trikentrion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trikentrion helium" order="Axinellida" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="helium">Trikentrion helium</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Gómez">Gomez</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="A9A27702D94013B7387B27BC09C45C62" originalValue="Gómez">Gomez</normalizedToken>
|
||||
et al.'s specimens is here considered to be mere variation (comparable to variation in
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Trikentrion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trikentrion flabelliforme" order="Axinellida" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="flabelliforme">Trikentrion flabelliforme</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="7C176D7F131B3E8FDACABC8C507A7B81" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Trikentrion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trikentrion flabelliforme" order="Axinellida" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="flabelliforme">Trikentrion flabelliforme</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, see above) but further studies might reveal there is more specific diversity along the Pacific coast of Mexico.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -1,204 +1,204 @@
|
|||
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<mods:end id="EE1CAF4B9CEC9CCD2D399311B6CA6802">70</mods:end>
|
||||
</mods:extent>
|
||||
</mods:part>
|
||||
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||||
<mods:location>
|
||||
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.239.3734</mods:url>
|
||||
<mods:location id="D64EB21E614CF6C8BAC52005AA33901A">
|
||||
<mods:url id="2149253E2AD3CD1CE0130B60CFBB75C5">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.239.3734</mods:url>
|
||||
</mods:location>
|
||||
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
|
||||
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.239.3734</mods:identifier>
|
||||
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-239-1</mods:identifier>
|
||||
<mods:classification id="C3F18EE29EC0E0F980FBE40F3629D4A9">journal article</mods:classification>
|
||||
<mods:identifier id="7397368FCFB304AC60400B0D801CC561" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.239.3734</mods:identifier>
|
||||
<mods:identifier id="73805589675CEFBFE377D4CE720891EE" type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-239-1</mods:identifier>
|
||||
</mods:mods>
|
||||
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="152037786" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:7CB6AD116FE6B38BFB3F37D108B144CA" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/7CB6AD116FE6B38BFB3F37D108B144CA" lastPageNumber="23" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="nomenclature">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
|
||||
<taxonomicName LSID="http://species-id.net/wiki/Cyamon_neon" authority="De Laubenfels, 1930" authorityName="De Laubenfels" authorityYear="1930" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon neon" order="Axinellida" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="neon">
|
||||
<pageBreakToken pageId="22" pageNumber="23" start="start">Cyamon</pageBreakToken>
|
||||
<treatment id="7CB6AD116FE6B38BFB3F37D108B144CA" ID-GBIF-Taxon="152037786" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:7CB6AD116FE6B38BFB3F37D108B144CA" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/7CB6AD116FE6B38BFB3F37D108B144CA" lastPageNumber="23" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="5BB7582F6FA5816D26C4DEDCCAA805DE" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="nomenclature">
|
||||
<paragraph id="79F872341935B9F99EEB72E8FED48477" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="ECC8971D2D6727D23F66775CE2DA4352" ID-CoL="32N2J" LSID="http://species-id.net/wiki/Cyamon_neon" authority="De Laubenfels, 1930" authorityName="De Laubenfels" authorityYear="1930" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon neon" order="Axinellida" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="neon">
|
||||
<pageBreakToken id="C360069335E19842C5DBDFB677A11F70" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" start="start">Cyamon</pageBreakToken>
|
||||
neon De Laubenfels, 1930
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Figs 11
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="A–H">A-H</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="ABDEC3CA8955FEF34E8EA3C6BEE2414C" originalValue="A–H">A-H</normalizedToken>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="reference_group">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon neon" order="Axinellida" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="neon">Cyamon neon</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="9FADF28412C71D18E3EA93DA76512D4D" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="reference_group">
|
||||
<paragraph id="52ECF61CAE7E45F05C61A833818B50C1" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="01ADB2C8CC242799CBD16109AA813848" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon neon" order="Axinellida" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="neon">Cyamon neon</taxonomicName>
|
||||
De
|
||||
<bibRefCitation pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Laubenfels 1930</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EA05AC6D11710C0E0F66210E2A7F25D5" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Laubenfels 1930</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: 28 (California);
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Laubenfels, MW De" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the United States National Museum" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" pagination="1 - 140" title="The marine and fresh-water sponges of California." url="10.5479/si.00963801.81-2927.1" volume="81" year="1932">1932</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="4976853A5D613384D43F6C4930400000" author="Laubenfels, MW De" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the United States National Museum" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" pagination="1 - 140" title="The marine and fresh-water sponges of California." url="10.5479/si.00963801.81-2927.1" volume="81" year="1932">1932</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: 109, fig. 65;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Sim, CJ" journalOrPublisher="Occasional Papers of the Allan Hancock Foundation" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" pagination="1 - 23" title="Marine sponges of Santa Catalina Island, California." volume="5" year="1986">Sim and Bakus 1986</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="E45E21E40FB3ECB97A42083E9E5EFADF" author="Sim, CJ" journalOrPublisher="Occasional Papers of the Allan Hancock Foundation" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" pagination="1 - 23" title="Marine sponges of Santa Catalina Island, California." volume="5" year="1986">Sim and Bakus 1986</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: 17 (California, with erroneous size data of the polyactines);
|
||||
<bibRefCitation pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Luke 1998</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="956698F863959591895CB5A88F7D5FAB" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Luke 1998</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: 10 (La Jolla, S California);
|
||||
<bibRefCitation pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Lee et al. 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="C9DBDA40128441063E3C10CC7528D040" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Lee et al. 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: 211.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="material examined">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Material examined.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Holotype USNM 21412, preserved in alcohol, California, between Point Dunes and Newport, near San Pedro.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Paratype: BMNH 1929.9.30.5, two slides, Santa Catalina Island, California, 33.5°N.</paragraph>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="10053B41B467FF74F37C655BE65FA36B" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="material examined">
|
||||
<paragraph id="1C6355C191D706306C4082E972DD3711" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Material examined.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="EAEEE572DD9C3378454ADEFA10125526" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Holotype USNM 21412, preserved in alcohol, California, between Point Dunes and Newport, near San Pedro.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="E140919F8A61ABB6118391A4F4CB087C" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Paratype: BMNH 1929.9.30.5, two slides, Santa Catalina Island, California, 33.5°N.</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Description.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="16BACFFE319B8D18E6F2F9BEF8957E61" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph id="27944D88C0A1F677613115A9CBD1D217" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Description.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="37EA8A6CE0FBDE995E49DDB29D7CDF1A" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
|
||||
Shape massively encrusting (Fig. 11A) with irregular conulose-villose surface. Size of specimen 4
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="BB3B9A3A845D1BCB4B6B00E81B16823D" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
3 cm in lateral expansion, 2 cm in thickness. Color (alcohol) red brown.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Skeleton: columnar, with thick short styles at the center of a mass of polyactines, with long thin styles protruding from this skeleton surrounded by shorter centrotylote styles.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Spicules: long thin styles, short thin centrotylote styles, short thick styles, polyactines.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
|
||||
<paragraph id="0BBA961550E778C4FB122CF803AD773E" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Skeleton: columnar, with thick short styles at the center of a mass of polyactines, with long thin styles protruding from this skeleton surrounded by shorter centrotylote styles.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="58D11848A10C23A493F805F63BC399A0" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Spicules: long thin styles, short thin centrotylote styles, short thick styles, polyactines.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="B7B5144A0C651F83CF3B3F9C1748876B" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
|
||||
Long thin styles (Figs 11B, B1), relative straight and robust, frequently with subterminal tyle 860
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="–1041–">-1041-</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="5161F23DBA1AC83718C8355844CC4A8B" originalValue="–1041–">-1041-</normalizedToken>
|
||||
1290
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="47202C5A85C79ACC80E3CCF1F7A97A8D" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
6
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="–7.8–">-7.8-</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="2B80F0590C7B4D223F99F54A73CFE80F" originalValue="–7.8–">-7.8-</normalizedToken>
|
||||
10
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="6230C39616D7D371E6ACBE6B61041D01" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
(De Laubenfels gives: up to 1560
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="EEDF1769F2ECD989997A42220C9251ED" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
12
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="1291FC9BD34CA21265287EE516D6414E" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
|
||||
<paragraph id="D87C13285F6188DFF5A7E7F52A8FD371" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
|
||||
Short thin styles (Figs 11C, C1), curved, centrotylote, often with mucronate slightly rugose pointed end, 191
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="–242.8–">-242.8-</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="1FE2E8F8605A852C3A44F34BE580B0B0" originalValue="–242.8–">-242.8-</normalizedToken>
|
||||
306
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="2B3E3BF070C18B5DCCD347166F93CCAE" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
1.5
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="–2.4–">-2.4-</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="7C146F4A1E2FE1D0DFDD8ED3380BB4B8" originalValue="–2.4–">-2.4-</normalizedToken>
|
||||
3
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="E3F120F3AB3524F0C167F70E8C40D3B9" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
|
||||
<paragraph id="E09AA20A233254441EB3E96C11FBC994" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
|
||||
Short thick styles (Fig. 11D), smooth, curved evenly, occasionally oxeote, 270
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="–408.2–">-408.2-</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="609762D8EF63BE53FBE0E41D5AFAE28C" originalValue="–408.2–">-408.2-</normalizedToken>
|
||||
468
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="AE08FDD63E97D2F48209D378393AB141" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
14
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="–16.8–">-16.8-</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="AD8494C7007E7ECCDA468BA769B5143D" originalValue="–16.8–">-16.8-</normalizedToken>
|
||||
24
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="C677D4936D4E5AB50E7167CCFC049228" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
|
||||
<paragraph id="16A0519E8259488AF525BF9EE300CB0E" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
|
||||
Polyactines (Figs 11E, 11E1, 11F) robust, largely smooth with cladi spined only at the apices (Fig. 11E1), or all cladi smooth. The three- or four claded forms vary widely in size and are sometimes reminiscent of
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Trikentrion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trikentrion" order="Axinellida" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">Trikentrion</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="40F6A3969B59345C191C48C11DDB7C80" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Trikentrion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trikentrion" order="Axinellida" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">Trikentrion</taxonomicName>
|
||||
spicules. Three-claded forms tend to have longer and thicker lateral cladi than the rare four-claded forms. Basal cladi in three-claded spicules are 33
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="–48.8–">-48.8-</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="A6601E6624A989A56512CBB8588AAFB8" originalValue="–48.8–">-48.8-</normalizedToken>
|
||||
63
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="04AA58EA93C4CA3E29170D93CE0BF640" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
8
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="–11.7–">-11.7-</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="4F7CD5A45FB249B004FA6221F5F91226" originalValue="–11.7–">-11.7-</normalizedToken>
|
||||
14
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="6676775848F034F1B65A98950475A61E" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
, lateral cladi 72
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="–95.7–">-95.7-</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="C868868C3D1B45461F10B2F75901B042" originalValue="–95.7–">-95.7-</normalizedToken>
|
||||
132
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="D8FDE1168BE2C523F8ACA81FE4EB9DFA" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
7-12
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="BE9C1D0D7E47A2B529BB1D33675E6D86" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
, while four-claded forms have basal cladi 40
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="–55.0–">-55.0-</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="39868FF458CBAFA980E62EDDC6FB9D74" originalValue="–55.0–">-55.0-</normalizedToken>
|
||||
69
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="B1D39DD42BFB2EADF09A35CAA4D98CC8" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
6
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="–7.7–">-7.7-</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="FCB41A5F99E8AAAA81978BEA40F1550C" originalValue="–7.7–">-7.7-</normalizedToken>
|
||||
9
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="05315CA9DF8C13D334EECD07734125F5" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
and lateral cladi 30
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="–45.1–">-45.1-</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="C57CD841CC27BAD2B4B127D1361A4D0E" originalValue="–45.1–">-45.1-</normalizedToken>
|
||||
57
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="803C796A83C9AC47CF154077AE2AD44A" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
5
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="–6.3–">-6.3-</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="1EC8B15842192999410D31D78538145C" originalValue="–6.3–">-6.3-</normalizedToken>
|
||||
7
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="D95B5F9192483C1E95527A46AC97D7E8" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
. There are very common diactinal polyactines (Fig. 11F), mimicking oxeas, but recognizable as reduced polyactines by centrotylote swellings and finely spined apices, size 123
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="–158.3–">-158.3-</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="8E370557B13D9F981CE2E0E0DC45EC8A" originalValue="–158.3–">-158.3-</normalizedToken>
|
||||
202
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="6CC1F02C0EF480FD45F5A07D63CB3EAC" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
7
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="–10.2–">-10.2-</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="D98C4865240BCEA2D665652821BFDD35" originalValue="–10.2–">-10.2-</normalizedToken>
|
||||
14
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="B05830D8109216ADCE88E939B70F8209" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
|
||||
<caption id="5C80933736ABDC17649500A0B4F6E2DD" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
|
||||
<paragraph id="903DA60314DF5CFE9762322EFF06CC26" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
|
||||
Figure 11.
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon neon" order="Axinellida" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="neon">Cyamon neon</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="82D9B17049F002C12F95ECA4A8DC20FB" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon neon" order="Axinellida" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="neon">Cyamon neon</taxonomicName>
|
||||
De Laubenfels, 1930, holotype USNM 21412, A massively encrusting shape with irregular surface (scale = 1 cm) B long thin style B1 detail of rounded end showing subterminal tyle C short thin centrotylote (strongylo-)style C1 detail of swollen roughened apex of short thin (strongylo-)style D short thick style E polyactines E1 detail of basal cladus of polyactine F diactinal polyactine.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="distribution">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Distribution.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Southern Californian Bight (San Pedro, Santa Catalina island, La Jolla).</paragraph>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="7731C2B75AD0CC577360C93EFBE8FC02" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="distribution">
|
||||
<paragraph id="D4CDD5B612291D2DF16ACE850E73A41B" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Distribution.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="014D47E3414957A8FC8FFE2DB289C673" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Southern Californian Bight (San Pedro, Santa Catalina island, La Jolla).</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="ecology">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Ecology.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="22" pageNumber="23">On hard substrate, at depths 0-36 m.</paragraph>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="AFCA3459E24E5DFEE8275A8B389B8D60" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="ecology">
|
||||
<paragraph id="0B2D25F8507F365E09AB709F5AD47115" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Ecology.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="6076CC8F8BD74F72C4DDB3A9E61FDF32" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">On hard substrate, at depths 0-36 m.</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="discussion">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Discussion.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon neon" order="Axinellida" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="neon">Cyamon neon</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="2DFCA229BCCB222E275F375FF5E41617" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="discussion">
|
||||
<paragraph id="BC9AAD636D412DFAD8BE95AED77BD11E" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Discussion.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="A7DACDDE2BB78C2B63F10D14EA4CA299" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="FA093FBA8DA197D51F4B248911AB18AE" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon neon" order="Axinellida" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="neon">Cyamon neon</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is unusual among
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon" order="Axinellida" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">Cyamon</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="C1494332C60066E837E862008D610A04" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon" order="Axinellida" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">Cyamon</taxonomicName>
|
||||
species by it possession of polyactines with smooth or barely spined cladi, the shape of many of the polyactines mimicking those of
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Trikentrion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trikentrion" order="Axinellida" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">Trikentrion</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="428E1544452411ACA57FE07B4DF1A742" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Trikentrion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trikentrion" order="Axinellida" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">Trikentrion</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, and the occurrence of diactinal polyactines. The latter spicules are shared with
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon argon" order="Axinellida" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="argon">Cyamon argon</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2F95A66C16A905890BBAD2B419852E65" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon argon" order="Axinellida" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="argon">Cyamon argon</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, which in most respects is similar to
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon neon" order="Axinellida" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="neon">Cyamon neon</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="84D0BC7CF2A3E028CDF43F56169F5CEA" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon neon" order="Axinellida" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="neon">Cyamon neon</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. For a comparison between the two species see below in the remarks to
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon argon" order="Axinellida" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="argon">Cyamon argon</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="F43F6C7937008FE3DA7383D09170FDC7" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon argon" order="Axinellida" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="argon">Cyamon argon</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. The only other
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon" order="Axinellida" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">Cyamon</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="0243199F3E23B68FF2126AB510E73040" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon" order="Axinellida" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">Cyamon</taxonomicName>
|
||||
species in the area is
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon koltuni" order="Axinellida" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="koltuni">Cyamon koltuni</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="39656665C7A88B937162E2B9107A448B" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon koltuni" order="Axinellida" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="koltuni">Cyamon koltuni</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, which differs substantially in the bulbous endings of the cladi of the polyactines and absence of the short thin styles.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -1,528 +1,528 @@
|
|||
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="152037787" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:8CC7F517EF595AA36CBC0B59CAF2DE72" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/8CC7F517EF595AA36CBC0B59CAF2DE72" lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="21" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
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|
||||
<paragraph pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||||
<taxonomicName LSID="http://species-id.net/wiki/Cyamon_agnani" authority="Boury-Esnault, 1973" authorityName="Boury-Esnault" authorityYear="1973" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon agnani" order="Axinellida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="agnani">Cyamon agnani (Boury-Esnault, 1973)</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="16" pageNumber="17">comb. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||||
<treatment id="8CC7F517EF595AA36CBC0B59CAF2DE72" ID-GBIF-Taxon="152037787" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:8CC7F517EF595AA36CBC0B59CAF2DE72" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/8CC7F517EF595AA36CBC0B59CAF2DE72" lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="21" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
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||||
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|
||||
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|
||||
<taxonomicName id="816E3A4ADBEF3E5FA3BFB94322B2CD12" ID-CoL="32N29" LSID="http://species-id.net/wiki/Cyamon_agnani" authority="Boury-Esnault, 1973" authorityName="Boury-Esnault" authorityYear="1973" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon agnani" order="Axinellida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="agnani">Cyamon agnani (Boury-Esnault, 1973)</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="E70B13F8CCF681BEE95ADF38A5ED012C" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">comb. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||||
Figs 7
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="A–D">A-D</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="060A70B909A069EB73944795C8B3BDD0" originalValue="A–D">A-D</normalizedToken>
|
||||
, 8
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="A–F">A-F</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="D7E2D8B567BBAA5427A4CF086F2BCA7B" originalValue="A–F">A-F</normalizedToken>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="reference_group">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Hymeraphia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hymeraphia" order="Axinellida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">Hymeraphia</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="20C3AD6A5DC8F8F8D9324B58726A04AC" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="reference_group">
|
||||
<paragraph id="5AECBA5DDD9D73D24C36B40479136E86" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="DEEC1C47ED6AE7060BEA8F7A62AD1AE2" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Hymeraphia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hymeraphia" order="Axinellida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">Hymeraphia</taxonomicName>
|
||||
sp.;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Carter, HJ" journalOrPublisher="Tetrahedron" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" title="Descriptions and figures of deep-sea sponges and their spicules, from the Atlantic Ocean, dredged up on board H. M. S. ' Porcupine', chiefly in 1869 (concluded). Annals and Magazine of Natural History (4) 18: 226 - 240, 307 - 324, 388 - 410, 458 - 479." url="10.1080/00222937608682035" year="1876">Carter 1876</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="B17D1E0FB0285F97253F95B3F894D7BB" author="Carter, HJ" journalOrPublisher="Tetrahedron" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" title="Descriptions and figures of deep-sea sponges and their spicules, from the Atlantic Ocean, dredged up on board H. M. S. ' Porcupine', chiefly in 1869 (concluded). Annals and Magazine of Natural History (4) 18: 226 - 240, 307 - 324, 388 - 410, 458 - 479." url="10.1080/00222937608682035" year="1876">Carter 1876</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: 391;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Higgin, T" journalOrPublisher="Abhandlungen herausgegeben von der Senckenbergischen naturforschenden Gesellschaft" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" title="Description of some sponges obtained during a cruise of the steam-yacht ' Argo' in the Caribbean and neighbouring seas. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (4) 19: 291 - 299." url="10.1080/00222937708682143" year="1877">Higgin 1877</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="AD026C8276E577165DC58041BF486D2E" author="Higgin, T" journalOrPublisher="Abhandlungen herausgegeben von der Senckenbergischen naturforschenden Gesellschaft" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" title="Description of some sponges obtained during a cruise of the steam-yacht ' Argo' in the Caribbean and neighbouring seas. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (4) 19: 291 - 299." url="10.1080/00222937708682143" year="1877">Higgin 1877</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: 296, pl. 14 fig. 9 (Grenada)
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Microciona" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Microciona quadriradiata" order="Axinellida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="quadriradiata">Microciona quadriradiata</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<paragraph id="12C960E3DF12A73F8A44CACB95B69B9D" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="38474A8C5801F9E80BD4C11AEE2E2CAB" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Microciona" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Microciona quadriradiata" order="Axinellida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="quadriradiata">Microciona quadriradiata</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Carter, 1880: 42 (in part, only what was illustrated in
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Higgin, T" journalOrPublisher="Abhandlungen herausgegeben von der Senckenbergischen naturforschenden Gesellschaft" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" title="Description of some sponges obtained during a cruise of the steam-yacht ' Argo' in the Caribbean and neighbouring seas. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (4) 19: 291 - 299." url="10.1080/00222937708682143" year="1877">Higgin 1877</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="3543A4A74496D240F86167B3760C740A" author="Higgin, T" journalOrPublisher="Abhandlungen herausgegeben von der Senckenbergischen naturforschenden Gesellschaft" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" title="Description of some sponges obtained during a cruise of the steam-yacht ' Argo' in the Caribbean and neighbouring seas. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (4) 19: 291 - 299." url="10.1080/00222937708682143" year="1877">Higgin 1877</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Trikentrion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trikentrion wickersi" order="Axinellida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="wickersi">Trikentrion wickersi</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<paragraph id="B7F964F12E2CCC6CB3A90C124121DD15" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="6430D09FBDB6F06DFDA7896CCDBC624E" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Trikentrion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trikentrion wickersi" order="Axinellida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="wickersi">Trikentrion wickersi</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(sic);
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Topsent, E" journalOrPublisher="Memoires de la Societe zoologique de France" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" pagination="30 - 52" title="Quelques spongiaires du Banc de Campeche et de la Pointe-a-Pitre." volume="2" year="1889">Topsent 1889</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="6240844B7004B55FBB7E8F0D767E0BA0" author="Topsent, E" journalOrPublisher="Memoires de la Societe zoologique de France" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" pagination="30 - 52" title="Quelques spongiaires du Banc de Campeche et de la Pointe-a-Pitre." volume="2" year="1889">Topsent 1889</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: 4, fig. 2A (Campeche Bank, Gulf of Mexico);
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Topsent, E" journalOrPublisher="Memoires de la Societe zoologique de France" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" pagination="27 - 36" title="Application de la taxonomie actuelle a une collection de spongiaires du Banc de Campeche et de la Guadeloupe decrite precedemment." volume="7" year="1894">Topsent 1894</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="03139BFB3A4C920FFFC7754A26CBD07C" author="Topsent, E" journalOrPublisher="Memoires de la Societe zoologique de France" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" pagination="27 - 36" title="Application de la taxonomie actuelle a une collection de spongiaires du Banc de Campeche et de la Guadeloupe decrite precedemment." volume="7" year="1894">Topsent 1894</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: 35 (corrected to
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Trikentrion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trikentrion vickersi" order="Axinellida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="vickersi">Trikentrion vickersi</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="9E14283E93DE17DF17636E0067047AD0" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Trikentrion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trikentrion vickersi" order="Axinellida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="vickersi">Trikentrion vickersi</taxonomicName>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon vickersi" order="Axinellida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="vickersi">Cyamon vickersi</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<paragraph id="0E155D549A0DD5019FB91DB1156567C4" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="7229297543527B08EB66EA2C60A14359" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon vickersi" order="Axinellida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="vickersi">Cyamon vickersi</taxonomicName>
|
||||
; De
|
||||
<bibRefCitation pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Laubenfels 1936</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="176F1F24D69806C83A6A8BCDD92B1BD1" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Laubenfels 1936</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: 80 (
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Aves" family="Ardeidae" genus="Florida" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Florida" order="Pelecaniformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Florida</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="B0D8E0991BC7E6908ABDAE55AE3A69F4" class="Aves" family="Ardeidae" genus="Florida" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Florida" order="Pelecaniformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Florida</taxonomicName>
|
||||
);
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Little, FJ" journalOrPublisher="Tulane Studies in Zoology" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" pagination="31 - 71" title="The sponge fauna of the St. George's Sound, Apalache Bay, and Panama City Regions of the Florida Gulf coast." volume="11" year="1963">Little 1963</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="41D77940FA7D5BB10664AE4C6B79EB21" author="Little, FJ" journalOrPublisher="Tulane Studies in Zoology" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" pagination="31 - 71" title="The sponge fauna of the St. George's Sound, Apalache Bay, and Panama City Regions of the Florida Gulf coast." volume="11" year="1963">Little 1963</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: 48 (Gulf of Mexico);
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Mothes, B" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" pagination="1 - 8" title="Timea bioxyasterina sp. n., a new species from the Northeastern coast of Brazil (Demospongiae, Hadromerida)." volume="443" year="2004">Mothes et al. 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="610C524B7BFA945E53EFC001CC736A3A" author="Mothes, B" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" pagination="1 - 8" title="Timea bioxyasterina sp. n., a new species from the Northeastern coast of Brazil (Demospongiae, Hadromerida)." volume="443" year="2004">Mothes et al. 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: 6 (Brazil).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon vickersi var. toxifera" order="Axinellida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Porifera" rank="variety" species="vickersi" variety="toxifera">Cyamon vickersi var. toxifera</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Arndt, W" journalOrPublisher="Bijdragen tot de Dierkunde" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" pagination="133 - 158" title="Kalk- und Kieselschwaemme von Curacao." volume="25" year="1927">Arndt 1927</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<paragraph id="B7E5AF5565473AE34E770D197AB0D45F" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="E429E020DE887726EA0295AFCB803680" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon vickersi var. toxifera" order="Axinellida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Porifera" rank="variety" species="vickersi" variety="toxifera">Cyamon vickersi var. toxifera</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="2081945FDC899F844966E213D28480C0" author="Arndt, W" journalOrPublisher="Bijdragen tot de Dierkunde" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" pagination="133 - 158" title="Kalk- und Kieselschwaemme von Curacao." volume="25" year="1927">Arndt 1927</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: 149, pl. 2 fig. 9, text figure 10 (
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Curaçao">Curacao</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="1B96222CF8C797CDA2EE1BEB3147B095" originalValue="Curaçao">Curacao</normalizedToken>
|
||||
) = mixture of
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon agnani" order="Axinellida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="agnani">Cyamon agnani</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="58F3FE9A417A16004A9ED20F5DE62CAF" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon agnani" order="Axinellida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="agnani">Cyamon agnani</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Microcionidae" genus="Clathria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Clathria (Microciona) ferrea" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="ferrea" subGenus="Microciona">Clathria (Microciona) ferrea</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="904CB323E9E40EC80E8E16CCB1432358" class="Demospongiae" family="Microcionidae" genus="Clathria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Clathria (Microciona) ferrea" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="ferrea" subGenus="Microciona">Clathria (Microciona) ferrea</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(de Laubenfels, 1936 as
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Microcionidae" genus="Fisherispongia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Fisherispongia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">Fisherispongia</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="BB8270201ACD3D0641402442144C801F" class="Demospongiae" family="Microcionidae" genus="Fisherispongia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Fisherispongia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">Fisherispongia</taxonomicName>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon toxifera" order="Axinellida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="toxifera">Cyamon toxifera</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<paragraph id="78093BAA0614A3132792A7418A1D0D78" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="422084FC59FE02ECB75CCD0D4643986F" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon toxifera" order="Axinellida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="toxifera">Cyamon toxifera</taxonomicName>
|
||||
; de
|
||||
<bibRefCitation pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Laubenfels 1936</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="100935BC10F9AC0F3F04E98FB4757805" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Laubenfels 1936</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: 80.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Timeidae" genus="Timea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Timea agnani" order="Tethyida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="agnani">Timea agnani</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Boury-Esnault 1973</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<paragraph id="773CE052F693A399618B4917280CE562" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="C091785896A163C76C0D3AB6882201D6" class="Demospongiae" family="Timeidae" genus="Timea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Timea agnani" order="Tethyida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="agnani">Timea agnani</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="9050421A8BA3AFC349B4A0258D6AA7B7" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Boury-Esnault 1973</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: 276, fig. 24 (N.E. Brazil).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="Not (Dictyocylindrus) vickersii" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" rank="species" species="vickersii" subGenus="Dictyocylindrus">Not: Dictyocylindrus vickersii</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Bowerbank 1864</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<paragraph id="0749E62E615238C39B1D904B66C0630A" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="81CCD61C80661187B637D94ED9642F04" lsidName="Not (Dictyocylindrus) vickersii" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" rank="species" species="vickersii" subGenus="Dictyocylindrus">Not: Dictyocylindrus vickersii</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="59A36F1CD8922D1D938F6F3831F6D563" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Bowerbank 1864</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Carter, HJ" journalOrPublisher="Tetrahedron" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" title="Contributions to our knowledge of the Spongida. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (5) 3: 284 - 304, 343 - 360." url="10.1080/00222937908562401" year="1879">Carter 1879</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="4FFD87E83DB56605EE1614399B140C90" author="Carter, HJ" journalOrPublisher="Tetrahedron" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" title="Contributions to our knowledge of the Spongida. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (5) 3: 284 - 304, 343 - 360." url="10.1080/00222937908562401" year="1879">Carter 1879</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
=
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon vickersii" order="Axinellida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="vickersii">Cyamon vickersii</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="844756A3AD37CAA01A55C772AEC2B1A2" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon vickersii" order="Axinellida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="vickersii">Cyamon vickersii</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||||
<taxonomicName genus="Nec" lsidName="Nec (Microciona) quadriradiata" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" rank="species" species="quadriradiata" subGenus="Microciona">Nec: Microciona quadriradiata</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Carter, HJ" journalOrPublisher="Tetrahedron" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" title="Report on specimens dredged up from the Gulf of Manaar and presented to the Liverpool Free Museum by Capt. W. H. Cawne Warren. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (5) 6: 35 - 61, 129 - 156." url="10.1080/00222938009458893" year="1880">Carter 1880</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<paragraph id="1CFFDBD1F0A02BF95A1EC7595770BB2B" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="07793F6652682BE0B1A434B355C4C1DF" genus="Nec" lsidName="Nec (Microciona) quadriradiata" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" rank="species" species="quadriradiata" subGenus="Microciona">Nec: Microciona quadriradiata</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="739CCCE859EF47568314A32000113C0B" author="Carter, HJ" journalOrPublisher="Tetrahedron" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" title="Report on specimens dredged up from the Gulf of Manaar and presented to the Liverpool Free Museum by Capt. W. H. Cawne Warren. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (5) 6: 35 - 61, 129 - 156." url="10.1080/00222938009458893" year="1880">Carter 1880</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: 42 (in part: Gulf of Manaar specimen).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||||
<taxonomicName genus="Nec" lsidName="Nec (Cyamon) vickersi" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" rank="species" species="vickersi" subGenus="Cyamon">Nec: Cyamon vickersi</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<paragraph id="F0887BA2C3B19A53759924381083C8E4" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4F402FF32AAE59DC6CDB9A42970228A4" genus="Nec" lsidName="Nec (Cyamon) vickersi" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" rank="species" species="vickersi" subGenus="Cyamon">Nec: Cyamon vickersi</taxonomicName>
|
||||
; De
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Laubenfels, MW De" journalOrPublisher="Transactions of the Zoological Society of London" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" pagination="1 - 154" title="The Porifera of the Bermuda Archipelago." url="10.1111/j.1096-3642.1950.tb00227.x" volume="27" year="1950">Laubenfels 1950</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="B03522A61803416E95EA5F7763BFBE85" author="Laubenfels, MW De" journalOrPublisher="Transactions of the Zoological Society of London" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" pagination="1 - 154" title="The Porifera of the Bermuda Archipelago." url="10.1111/j.1096-3642.1950.tb00227.x" volume="27" year="1950">Laubenfels 1950</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
(Bermuda) =
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Timeidae" genus="Timea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Timea" order="Tethyida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">Timea</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="60DB1B6A6DB970B9CEA38EE67F85B983" class="Demospongiae" family="Timeidae" genus="Timea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Timea" order="Tethyida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">Timea</taxonomicName>
|
||||
sp.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="remark">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Remark.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="6E1E6B5161C776BAEC897BDA86B240FE" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="remark">
|
||||
<paragraph id="10D4D46F7E47871CA80E24E6FBE44227" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Remark.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="5926CB875BE216F53153AF79E761BB48" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||||
In view of the proposed major change in the status of
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon" order="Axinellida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">Cyamon</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="BDE7C0CB0B6F5DD4B35D390A5830A1DC" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon" order="Axinellida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">Cyamon</taxonomicName>
|
||||
specimens reported from the Western Atlantic, description of the available material is presented in two sections, first the holotype of
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon agnani" order="Axinellida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="agnani">Cyamon agnani</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="74E25CB163C278254AB98AD79BE3C078" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon agnani" order="Axinellida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="agnani">Cyamon agnani</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, subsequently other specimens known from the area and proposed to be assigned to
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon agnani" order="Axinellida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="agnani">Cyamon agnani</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="B91BDDE2A8B627E734997D3B42182993" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon agnani" order="Axinellida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="agnani">Cyamon agnani</taxonomicName>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Description of MNHN holotype.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="64040531406570B73B66179540AC1C15" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph id="7EA53CB46B988C2EA5BEB9C3CDA676C2" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Description of MNHN holotype.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="AFBEE6E23667F3952CEFDC34C3D41775" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||||
Figs 7
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="A–D">A-D</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="72BF024D3AB493C489C1E4B813A67E9F" originalValue="A–D">A-D</normalizedToken>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="material examined">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Material examined.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="ABD302D316127BECBFE23387A716C334" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="material examined">
|
||||
<paragraph id="0C34928BE909C144177944C99D677413" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Material examined.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="31F7705D4E2B5E6D6164B73DF19429EC" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||||
HolotypeMNHN NBE 947, preserved in alcohol, Brazil, NE coast, Calypso stat. 97,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="-21.1667">21.1667°S</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="1E2E1ED6E96C4E74BC29DD6461301D44" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="-21.1667">21.1667°S</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5555" value="-40.7">40.7°W</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="C3782903702C68360CBE4C0047CADC2A" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5555" value="-40.7">40.7°W</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
, 12 m depth.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="18" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Description.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Small hispid crust, color ochre. Detachable skin. The material borrowed from MNHN measured a few mm2 encrusting a small piece of coral.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Skeleton: basal layer of polyactines, upon which megascleres are erected individually.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Spicules: long thin styles, short thick styles, polyactines.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="46516AF86282119BD112C9AA530E60FB" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="18" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph id="24064D77CBABFCBEF9FA657D326280DF" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Description.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8EF90DCA1BD13F9ADE537CD9ACFC685A" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Small hispid crust, color ochre. Detachable skin. The material borrowed from MNHN measured a few mm2 encrusting a small piece of coral.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="5C0D3E453AC54F7A660BA640802BBFF7" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Skeleton: basal layer of polyactines, upon which megascleres are erected individually.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="0CC8BE751B7E89655E556A560228ADC5" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Spicules: long thin styles, short thick styles, polyactines.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="11F6861541C8AC1B4DA730B9B4B465D4" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||||
Long thin styles, curved, variable in length, possibly in two size categories, but difficult to establish due to broken condition of most spicules, longest complete spicule 960
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="43269FDCDE8DC18B7E6A296743AC728E" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
7
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="753F99B1AF7BDD6D140A36E3DE82726B" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
(Fig 7A).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||||
<paragraph id="4243470E472006618631526B09792594" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||||
Short thin styles were not mentioned in
|
||||
<bibRefCitation pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Boury-Esnault (1973)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="69C6D38893C816A8FBC0DED42D0FF6FE" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Boury-Esnault (1973)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
, but there were a few small broken styles and one complete spicule measuring 210
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="0C96FA537EFC3E1965E2A609AFC225C1" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
4
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="FF3C85ABCB4C3D53581263473CDC8CE1" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
(Fig. 7C).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||||
<paragraph id="1786751AC10B98FEA21BE055EDC1D897" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||||
Short thick styles (Fig. 7B), curved in the upper half, ending in a slight tyle, smooth, slightly variable in length and thickness, 183
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="–236.7–">-236.7-</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="F11B0DBE1504850CC6CD0BBEB23132FE" originalValue="–236.7–">-236.7-</normalizedToken>
|
||||
315
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="B843BB8918EAFDC128FE2D0B86DE5819" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
7
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="–9.3–">-9.3-</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="CF2F78E862FE5B316B693495EC3CAFBF" originalValue="–9.3–">-9.3-</normalizedToken>
|
||||
12
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="19F8E895EFAB846A09321B785E1391A1" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||||
<pageBreakToken pageId="17" pageNumber="18" start="start">Polyactines</pageBreakToken>
|
||||
<paragraph id="0DEAA20559BC405E58D32D6E12FC2742" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||||
<pageBreakToken id="FB29BD86EDDC984CA9871380BA7E66ED" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" start="start">Polyactines</pageBreakToken>
|
||||
(Fig. 7D), with three to five cladi (usually four), cladi lightly spined along the shaft but with heavily spined endings, with a blunt ending in the basal cladus, and slightly inflated rounded endings in the lateral cladi. Basal cladi 32
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="–38.5–">-38.5-</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="A37D9938D03D5427A6E81BFFE886B8FC" originalValue="–38.5–">-38.5-</normalizedToken>
|
||||
48
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="3785608E077F6E80B4F7FDB5F8AAEFD5" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
3
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="–4.8–">-4.8-</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="FECB0BA4139428F7DE98C506CCDD430A" originalValue="–4.8–">-4.8-</normalizedToken>
|
||||
7
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="8205D122D9FEC1CC4A2AD37CD9C49C37" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
, similar sized lateral cladi, 30-40
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="09E93A6C506FB2CC8CE09ADC76BBE2CA" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
5
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="6072416B5F96E009F448F66B5286F1C4" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||||
<caption id="5EA3D03DAE86CBC9DD976813902FC70A" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||||
<paragraph id="C03365A406FF4E993056CDC3F5AFFFE1" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||||
Figure 7.
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon agnani" order="Axinellida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="agnani">Cyamon agnani</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="9E73FB9FE801A5DE22A339B26E9E65B5" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon agnani" order="Axinellida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="agnani">Cyamon agnani</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(Boury-Esnault, 1973), holotype MNHN NBE 947, A long thin style A1 detail of head of long thin style B short thick style B1 detail of head of short thick style C short thin style D polyactines.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<caption pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||||
<caption id="B8FAB120BA3BCD0835000697E6944EC0" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||||
<paragraph id="9B8320D62D04F4168D19225CA5CA28F9" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||||
Figure 8.
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon agnani" order="Axinellida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="agnani">Cyamon agnani</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="8F1494FE563E942C4BBD2354097FDCB9" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon agnani" order="Axinellida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="agnani">Cyamon agnani</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(Boury-Esnault, 1973), ZMA Por 10539 from NE Colombia A1 shape (scale 1 cm) A2 cross section of skeleton B long thin style B1 detail of head of long thin style C upper part of short thin style D short thick style D1 detail of head of short thick style E polyactines F incipient polyactine showing smooth cladi.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="discussion">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Discussion.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="560F013ED8721784985051FE55085931" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="discussion">
|
||||
<paragraph id="583E6F94042191A3A6ADF467309B67B1" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Discussion.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="23CFCD62294244F53C7F6815AACA22C4" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||||
The
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon" order="Axinellida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">Cyamon</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="684745818DFBF2AE7B08D790D1B5AE22" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon" order="Axinellida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">Cyamon</taxonomicName>
|
||||
nature of this material was previously detected by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Mothes, B" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" pagination="1 - 8" title="Timea bioxyasterina sp. n., a new species from the Northeastern coast of Brazil (Demospongiae, Hadromerida)." volume="443" year="2004">Mothes et al. (2004)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="D0659475BF893207F266987238ED0C74" author="Mothes, B" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" pagination="1 - 8" title="Timea bioxyasterina sp. n., a new species from the Northeastern coast of Brazil (Demospongiae, Hadromerida)." volume="443" year="2004">Mothes et al. (2004)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
, who examined the present type material. Their conclusion was corroborated by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Van Soest, RWM" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" pagination="1 - 40" title="New sciophilous sponges from the Caribbean (Porifera: Demospongiae)." volume="2107" year="2009">Van Soest (2009)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="5FFB03AA32614BCD43417F19010A2FEF" author="Van Soest, RWM" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" pagination="1 - 40" title="New sciophilous sponges from the Caribbean (Porifera: Demospongiae)." volume="2107" year="2009">Van Soest (2009)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
in his discussion of
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Timeidae" genus="Timea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Timea" order="Tethyida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">Timea</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="3ABFF8CC66825741D3F8B4E835FEA2BE" class="Demospongiae" family="Timeidae" genus="Timea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Timea" order="Tethyida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">Timea</taxonomicName>
|
||||
species of the West Atlantic region.
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Mothes, B" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" pagination="1 - 8" title="Timea bioxyasterina sp. n., a new species from the Northeastern coast of Brazil (Demospongiae, Hadromerida)." volume="443" year="2004">Mothes et al. (2004)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="F909463204F995565E35DE14990D6445" author="Mothes, B" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" pagination="1 - 8" title="Timea bioxyasterina sp. n., a new species from the Northeastern coast of Brazil (Demospongiae, Hadromerida)." volume="443" year="2004">Mothes et al. (2004)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
proposed to assign
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Timeidae" genus="Timea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Timea agnani" order="Tethyida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="agnani">Timea agnani</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="EF89A958AB9E47325A049C122B88D834" class="Demospongiae" family="Timeidae" genus="Timea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Timea agnani" order="Tethyida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="agnani">Timea agnani</taxonomicName>
|
||||
to the synonymy of
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon vickersii" order="Axinellida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="vickersii">Cyamon vickersii</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="0EF124755BFE7D148B52B9900F31E470" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon vickersii" order="Axinellida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="vickersii">Cyamon vickersii</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, but as explained above, that species differs in spiculation and geographic distribution. Despite the scanty available type material and the poor representation of short thin styles, it looks as if the categories, sizes and shapes of the spicules are broadly similar between the type of
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon agnani" order="Axinellida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="agnani">Cyamon agnani</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4092201FC2859A8536E38D04915C9AD3" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon agnani" order="Axinellida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="agnani">Cyamon agnani</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and Caribbean and Carolinian specimens recorded as
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon vickersii" order="Axinellida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="vickersii">Cyamon vickersii</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="64ED8203CACC8CDDC3C35ED475B80BB7" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon vickersii" order="Axinellida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="vickersii">Cyamon vickersii</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(see for details below). It is proposed here to consider all these Western Atlantic specimens as members of a widespread
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon agnani" order="Axinellida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="agnani">Cyamon agnani</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="593925B73628F120CE1DE00AD5DC1E61" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon agnani" order="Axinellida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="agnani">Cyamon agnani</taxonomicName>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||||
<pageBreakToken pageId="18" pageNumber="19" start="start">Description</pageBreakToken>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="A8DC64972969A62CF098FE9E2A778C35" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph id="CFD699C0E6C9883CC916A45E53435BC6" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||||
<pageBreakToken id="3327CF15291352BEFDF42D58B2A278B4" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" start="start">Description</pageBreakToken>
|
||||
of ZMA material and discussion of further Western Atlantic records.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||||
<paragraph id="3421005FD501E57E48B7A2E7B1F24564" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||||
Figs 8
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="A–F">A-F</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="BD66AC663ED37FCAC91582E9496F9670" originalValue="A–F">A-F</normalizedToken>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="material examined">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Material examined.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="03B1A17FF5C46A28CB32085143974387" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="material examined">
|
||||
<paragraph id="1AA154B439CE1714341845F037B83076" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Material examined.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="7BC1FDF464C18C7478107FFC78AA3263" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||||
ZMA Por. 00828, holotype of
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon vickersii" order="Axinellida" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="vickersii">Cyamon vickersii</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2513A0596B9D08CA242BE5E0841BF361" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon vickersii" order="Axinellida" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="vickersii">Cyamon vickersii</taxonomicName>
|
||||
var. toxifera, preserved in alcohol, from
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Curaçao">Curacao</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="E80F4B5F1845A0E6DFEAC8E6FD68E886" originalValue="Curaçao">Curacao</normalizedToken>
|
||||
, Spaanse Water, on dead
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Poritidae" genus="Porites" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Porites" order="Scleractinia" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Porites</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="54E5B2A7301FF1BA8EDD4726B5E8C73A" class="Anthozoa" family="Poritidae" genus="Porites" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Porites" order="Scleractinia" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Porites</taxonomicName>
|
||||
coral,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="55" value="12.076">12.076N</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="74D2C46A61CFD444F5B64CD527F07829" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="55" value="12.076">12.076N</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="55" value="-68.858">68.858W</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="F50542EB241264A63642D945646769CD" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="55" value="-68.858">68.858W</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
, coll. C.J. van der Horst, field number 65a, 19
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="–05–">-05-</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="23DC496C2BEFE0F8D1540380CF8CAA3D" originalValue="–05–">-05-</normalizedToken>
|
||||
1920.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||||
<paragraph id="54E328DABF530EBC8BA0E733B7E99E13" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||||
ZMA Por. 10539, preserved in alcohol, Colombia, Santa Marta region, El Morro, 15 m,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="555" value="11.25">11.25N</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="82A2F749558C72EDE34F870194541DF9" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="555" value="11.25">11.25N</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-74.2167">74.2167W</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="3E40362A1FE9E13C41145CF2E470DF73" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-74.2167">74.2167W</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
, coll. B. de Jongh, 26
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="–10–">-10-</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="1007D992372A7B098055C0A8420DD6F9" originalValue="–10–">-10-</normalizedToken>
|
||||
1989 (Fig. 1A2).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="18" pageNumber="19">USNM 22456, preserved in alcohol, Florida, SE of Loggerhead Key, on a block of limestone dredged from 70 m, coll. M.W. de Laubenfels, 26 June 1932.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||||
<paragraph id="3EA258D9FCB98E7A403F7954D0953FE8" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">USNM 22456, preserved in alcohol, Florida, SE of Loggerhead Key, on a block of limestone dredged from 70 m, coll. M.W. de Laubenfels, 26 June 1932.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="906581331E91D850F6A7723CEC258681" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||||
USNM 221078 (23563), preserved in alcohol, Florida, Northern Gulf of Mexico, Apalachee Bay, rock and sand, 29.785 -
|
||||
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5555" value="29.8">29.8°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="C8A0D224CD56B3A55F10F1B56DF18F53" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5555" value="29.8">29.8°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="55" value="-84.325">84.325°W</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="FDCCFFEBD624FEDEFB8860A95825893B" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="55" value="-84.325">84.325°W</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
, 11 m, coll. F. Little, 1956-57;
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||||
<paragraph id="02C9F92459978BB96824A9AD26D0DEEF" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||||
USNM 33518, preserved in alcohol, off South Carolina, RV Oregon (S.C. Mar. Res. BLM), stat. 0SO6,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="32.4883">32.4883°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="F229CF80DB9F2949736EE296D9C5506E" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="32.4883">32.4883°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-78.8217">78.8217°W</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="967BA78A4519BB4BC3C216E26EF7E2AD" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-78.8217">78.8217°W</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
, 48 m, collected by grab, 4 May 1981.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Description.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="DC840519298AF7466D03A74613AB7557" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph id="5768E78A8D77FFBB4C10830F7E033B02" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Description.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="174E8A7C373ECBAE763CBB66B6A23CA2" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||||
(Based on ZMA Por. 10539). Irregular encrustation (Fig. 8A1), with hispid, bumpy surface (preserved condition). Size 3
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="0D53848245B2149E55D99321DFF412FB" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
2.5 cm in lateral expansion, 3-5 mm in thickness. Colour (alive) red, (alcohol) red-brown. Consistency soft.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||||
<paragraph id="939A5180EF16ADBCD2A08097F6685119" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||||
Skeleton (Fig. 8A2): basal mass of polyactine spicules penetrated by single short thick styles erect with heads embedded in the substrate. Long thin styles also erect on the substrate with rare short thin styles arranged around the peripheral protruding apices. This
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="‘raspailid’">'raspailid'</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="F495DBB6667255C9F3E6EAE676806ACA" originalValue="‘raspailid’">'raspailid'</normalizedToken>
|
||||
feature was only observed in a few places.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Spicules: long thin styles, short thin styles, short thick styles, polyactines.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||||
<paragraph id="A0FB2D85F83736FE444C49A37F5E495E" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Spicules: long thin styles, short thin styles, short thick styles, polyactines.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="FAE2696AFE13A1725295CC437C6392EF" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||||
Long thin styles (Figs 8B, B1), complete ones with a wavy outline (Fig. 8B), but mostly broken in the slides, largest complete style 2065
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="ED861318AD07B9DACADF6BB40D8141E0" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
9
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="D8354DCE7D92523DDE1408CB9553E8EA" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
, with smaller pieces varying down to 1170
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="37AF9EAA3B9B86954812D4F464CC5B4E" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
7
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="435BCC8ED1EEA7B5FC599FD8DD1F0FA7" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||||
<paragraph id="4BE510B5FBBBE1B4BAD33D806D929816" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||||
Short thin styles, straight (Fig. 8C), 423
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="–486.6–">-486.6-</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="4A493BEC37B164E1A589C6DEFD682116" originalValue="–486.6–">-486.6-</normalizedToken>
|
||||
658
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="CD7D6A4CA7B4606DA50146A53AF0AE68" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
2
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="–2.2–">-2.2-</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="F621A8F27EE760A878F15A10332B8C0D" originalValue="–2.2–">-2.2-</normalizedToken>
|
||||
2.5
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="4CBB0396F713DA220DE433E70C5CA5E5" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
. We were unable to find a complete spicule on the SEM stub, so we only show a broken spicule in Fig. 8C.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||||
<paragraph id="5A169D4A1284DD0F309627E1B659FB02" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||||
Short thick styles, (Figs. 8D, D1) curved in the upper half, with a faint tyle, smooth, in a large size range, 174
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="–358.2–">-358.2-</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="D644802732BED042C0B9A00899FDADE5" originalValue="–358.2–">-358.2-</normalizedToken>
|
||||
489
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="FC4724B04F4449301611993199CEF483" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
9
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="–14.4–">-14.4-</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="E4E470467228D2146C37205A9E9F880A" originalValue="–14.4–">-14.4-</normalizedToken>
|
||||
21
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="1FD0340C0694D0A92C73E2A77DCFF7AD" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||||
<paragraph id="3C57D94D84D480DBD1496429224508B1" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||||
Polyactines (Figs 8
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="E–F">E-F</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="CD46F953A0109F2540D77AEB5476577C" originalValue="E–F">E-F</normalizedToken>
|
||||
), with three to five cladi (usually four), typically with all cladi mostly smooth but ending in a spined apex, the basal cladus usually bluntly pointed, the lateral cladi with inflated endings (Fig. 8E), early growth stages smooth and with all cladi pointed (Fig. 8F), cladi often of unequal length but without clear pattern of variation, basal cladi 39
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="–56.4–">-56.4-</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="A3EB61C2376DAF70D3805BBF7950622A" originalValue="–56.4–">-56.4-</normalizedToken>
|
||||
66
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="7AAB2E9AB6E332BA9C45AF2DF052D5A5" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
6.5
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="–8.3–">-8.3-</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="3B80DC0D0A63025441E1B8F334F6677F" originalValue="–8.3–">-8.3-</normalizedToken>
|
||||
10
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="6439FDA4291BC6F093918854703DEE36" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
, either longer or shorter than the lateral cladi, 36
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="–61.6–">-61.6-</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="7A2EC8C3CD389B27A01D06836F629C43" originalValue="–61.6–">-61.6-</normalizedToken>
|
||||
87
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="15E77A34CECAA658EF61AE98F0426A03" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
4.5
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="–7.6–">-7.6-</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="6BBC83D156EE6CDC63417C29187A0B79" originalValue="–7.6–">-7.6-</normalizedToken>
|
||||
10
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="7665AF3D6021D28D8516DD672C360ED8" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="distribution">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Distribution.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Greater Caribbean, Gulf of Mexico, South Carolina, N.E. Brazil.</paragraph>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="BD9322004A2DB83B105301A8758400B7" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="distribution">
|
||||
<paragraph id="52F978CBF1617D2120A22B2B5E170ECA" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Distribution.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="4A230F47C60881B120AE556D5ABF1333" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Greater Caribbean, Gulf of Mexico, South Carolina, N.E. Brazil.</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="ecology">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Ecology.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Encrusting dead corals and other limestone substrates, 0-70 m.</paragraph>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="14353B646E1B2EF38DF744306C929707" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="ecology">
|
||||
<paragraph id="D2EB00A974D1F5D8C4E6B2DDA8528938" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Ecology.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8CA49B7A77A32F989235ADBAFC6EA179" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Encrusting dead corals and other limestone substrates, 0-70 m.</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="21" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="discussion">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Discussion.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="20" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Topsent, E" journalOrPublisher="Memoires de la Societe zoologique de France" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" pagination="30 - 52" title="Quelques spongiaires du Banc de Campeche et de la Pointe-a-Pitre." volume="2" year="1889">Topsent (1889)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="AC55BB80EA8E0A5E1ABDE8B9C0BA85F9" lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="21" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="discussion">
|
||||
<paragraph id="B27A5A1BA8863F4B9EC2A0D8E4DD10EF" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Discussion.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="3BF659EDC51B8ECFDDA9D511D27252F9" lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="20" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="C3EA5C78545040521F2CE3E657D82F55" author="Topsent, E" journalOrPublisher="Memoires de la Societe zoologique de France" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" pagination="30 - 52" title="Quelques spongiaires du Banc de Campeche et de la Pointe-a-Pitre." volume="2" year="1889">Topsent (1889)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
records thinly encrusting specimens of the species under the name
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Trikentrion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trikentrion wickersi" order="Axinellida" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="wickersi">Trikentrion wickersi</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="C57D7AD01DB1223326F9DA7B30C0AEE5" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Trikentrion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trikentrion wickersi" order="Axinellida" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="wickersi">Trikentrion wickersi</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. This was apparently a common species on the Campeche Bank in the Mexican part of the Gulf of Mexico. His specimens were violet or blackish brown in color (preserved) and he observed that next to four-claded spicules also five-claded and three-claded occurred, though rarely. His drawings of the polyactines conform closely to those of our material, but no spicule sizes were given.
|
||||
<pageBreakToken pageId="19" pageNumber="20" start="start">Topsent</pageBreakToken>
|
||||
<pageBreakToken id="2298CE606F8EC71B97CD02440165670F" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" start="start">Topsent</pageBreakToken>
|
||||
(l.c.) believed that the similarities between
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon" order="Axinellida" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">Cyamon</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="F499F6C58775FDA48AFE7A4ED97E916B" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon" order="Axinellida" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">Cyamon</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Trikentrion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trikentrion" order="Axinellida" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">Trikentrion</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2BFA09BA44DBBF55617AE91093E2B14C" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Trikentrion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trikentrion" order="Axinellida" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">Trikentrion</taxonomicName>
|
||||
were too great to keep them as separate genera, but his choice of
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Trikentrion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trikentrion" order="Axinellida" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">Trikentrion</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="A3E79A1C1AFB13ED133B93DCA7E2E415" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Trikentrion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trikentrion" order="Axinellida" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">Trikentrion</taxonomicName>
|
||||
as the valid name for the group is incorrect as
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon" order="Axinellida" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">Cyamon</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="8ECCC2FE76EAA60B822C68DE41513969" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon" order="Axinellida" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">Cyamon</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is the older name.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="21" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
|
||||
<bibRefCitation pageId="19" pageNumber="20">De Laubenfels (1936</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<paragraph id="60D763D40ED9061F9588C8AEB449B026" lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="21" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="9D6FFAB1CF92D8BB22A71C79A19EB543" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">De Laubenfels (1936</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: 80) recorded the species from Florida from a depth of 70 m as a bright orange crust with lateral expansion of 7 cm2 and thickness of 1 mm. This specimen, USNM 22456, which was received on loan from the Smithsonian Insitution, showed long thin styles up to 2 mm (one complete spicule measured 1939
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="4A0574E3FCFFFFD26CF6BEA2AE84B456" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
9
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="E6C13CEF3C67C7EF5617D16F8B67088E" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
); short, straight, thin styles 270-590
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="0934F990AEB0CFB7B481F17C1704A2C3" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
1.5-3
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="AA55619CF7FBF869559AA4EF46732DCC" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
(not mentioned by De Laubenfels); short thick styles 420-602
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="24D7F793010B8F1A7407B3D500508417" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
27-32
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="190C93E7E51AC39917F4D117713BCF9B" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
(also not mentioned by De Laubenfels);
|
||||
<pageBreakToken pageId="20" pageNumber="21" start="start">polyactine</pageBreakToken>
|
||||
<pageBreakToken id="2C9AC9965D266D2DE84185BC61044170" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" start="start">polyactine</pageBreakToken>
|
||||
spicules (three-, four- and five-claded) with basal cladi 51-63
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="6F55867570E327893CB9B12CA2201234" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
9-14
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="D784FD00EEB0C27E138405DCFB82E2FB" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
and lateral cladi 39-51
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="454C2EABBF5D3B14E307DEF135C4E0A0" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Laubenfels, MW De" journalOrPublisher="Transactions of the Zoological Society of London" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" pagination="1 - 154" title="The Porifera of the Bermuda Archipelago." url="10.1111/j.1096-3642.1950.tb00227.x" volume="27" year="1950">De Laubenfels (1950</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<paragraph id="1D5D33DC5BD279752127349485EEF297" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="FA0B80ACF610F887736D31A5941DBE2E" author="Laubenfels, MW De" journalOrPublisher="Transactions of the Zoological Society of London" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" pagination="1 - 154" title="The Porifera of the Bermuda Archipelago." url="10.1111/j.1096-3642.1950.tb00227.x" volume="27" year="1950">De Laubenfels (1950</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: 68, fig. 30) also reported the species from Bermuda (as
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon vickersi" order="Axinellida" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="vickersi">Cyamon vickersi</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="138D6F8C54E467EE410AA88C38E51959" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon vickersi" order="Axinellida" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="vickersi">Cyamon vickersi</taxonomicName>
|
||||
), depth not given. The specimen was probably not a
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon" order="Axinellida" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">Cyamon</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="68994BFFFF5BE1B39EEBFFEE9E24B3E3" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon" order="Axinellida" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">Cyamon</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, because the drawings of the polyactine spicules appear to be rather those of a
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Timeidae" genus="Timea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Timea" order="Tethyida" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">Timea</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="0DE06D42563DCFA377794C1AABF1230E" class="Demospongiae" family="Timeidae" genus="Timea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Timea" order="Tethyida" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">Timea</taxonomicName>
|
||||
aster with proliferated rays. The Bermuda occurrence must thus be considered suspect.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Little, FJ" journalOrPublisher="Tulane Studies in Zoology" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" pagination="31 - 71" title="The sponge fauna of the St. George's Sound, Apalache Bay, and Panama City Regions of the Florida Gulf coast." volume="11" year="1963">Little (1963)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<paragraph id="3C2F4F0DA0F334E69D98E9394DFA192F" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="6987B07760A0CAEAD5124A1611970727" author="Little, FJ" journalOrPublisher="Tulane Studies in Zoology" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" pagination="31 - 71" title="The sponge fauna of the St. George's Sound, Apalache Bay, and Panama City Regions of the Florida Gulf coast." volume="11" year="1963">Little (1963)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
recorded
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon vickersii" order="Axinellida" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="vickersii">Cyamon vickersii</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="122165E5DE726EA1157D487DB19744A9" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon vickersii" order="Axinellida" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="vickersii">Cyamon vickersii</taxonomicName>
|
||||
as an orange encrustation from the Gulf of Mexico, depth 11 m. His description is obviously copied from De
|
||||
<bibRefCitation pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Laubenfels (1936)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="1672CB102A219B138C91842964B71C5A" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Laubenfels (1936)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
, as he gives exactly the same measurements of the spicules and also omitted to mention the short thick styles. We were able to examine this specimen, USNM 221078, thanks to a loan from the Smithsonian Institution. It has long thin styles 1050-1563
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="E9A6CC72406A950A041BEFF8367458C5" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
9
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="467EBD90EA2ADEA24281BE3A64076395" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
, short thin styles 330-345
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="6DA6265DA21D48782677276803966CEB" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
2-3
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="E22869163F55740FCEEAA14359521C35" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
, short thick styles 270-332
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="EB4FCA2305BF7A5DB3B9EAC05C345576" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
13-20
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="82ED7FCAA1F5A4D15EC8FA3B310CB49A" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
, polyactines (three-, four-, and five-claded) with basal cladi 36-60
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="AE434E2BE6C78EEC382F5EAE4F4C884B" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
7-12
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="93EDA83817C61CDAAF63C5EFD2D141D0" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
and lateral cladi 33-61
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="CEC9D5B040CFC710415E27E37AAED9E4" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
7-10
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="7DE49E191A94BADFDBCA16C1D4F4AA8F" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||||
<paragraph id="D3150221FDAAEE4724F59D4603D858BD" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||||
The loan from the Smithsonian also included an undescribed specimen from South Carolina, USNM 33518. This had long thin styles of up to 2 mm, short thin styles 360-426
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="9162F8BBFC2450161D2CB44417803E04" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
2-2.5
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="D468419659795395F20CCBE925C19278" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
, short thick styles 410-500
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="340873614F00A6ED0F229229438352FA" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
22-23
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="C32AE682BA20B4F4C87D88B2F4BA8552" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
, and polyactines (three- and four-claded) with basal cladi 48-93
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="FB7415065ECB3B64C5AE07A28A4C2CDA" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
12-15
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="BB37E39E9A01E97212F4EBC0DBD96252" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
and lateral cladi 45-49
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="8058EF99215F536B0F61E9B4AE8860C4" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
12-14
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="603861DB4FA5BB4AB80A064748CE0754" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||||
<bibRefCitation pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Alcolado (1994)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<paragraph id="57B76CDC3B33F57C967D578B5CDD2EFD" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="61EC0CE2FA31BDBA44DDF2E84747A482" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Alcolado (1994)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
in an unpublished list of Cuban sponges lists
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon vickersii" order="Axinellida" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="vickersii">Cyamon vickersii</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="00FEB80858B2E5B171D046BE4F84CC60" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon vickersii" order="Axinellida" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="vickersii">Cyamon vickersii</taxonomicName>
|
||||
from Cuban waters, which presumably concerns also the species we here propose to call
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon agnani" order="Axinellida" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="agnani">Cyamon agnani</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="07AD4DC385EA2DF487B66CBE0DE77997" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon agnani" order="Axinellida" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="agnani">Cyamon agnani</taxonomicName>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||||
<paragraph id="B0E75AA1BAEBC48281A008457E654327" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||||
We investigated the type material of
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon vickersii" order="Axinellida" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="vickersii">Cyamon vickersii</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="1C6ED6DE1690C8A2B5D67761EDF9F6FB" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon vickersii" order="Axinellida" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="vickersii">Cyamon vickersii</taxonomicName>
|
||||
var. toxifera Arndt, 1927 (the name should be corrected to toxiferum to match the gender of the genus), ZMA Por. 00828, from Spaanse Water,
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Curaçao">Curacao</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="CF408A4556199248BF4AD8723F008C6D" originalValue="Curaçao">Curacao</normalizedToken>
|
||||
, and discovered that the toxas forming the basis of
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Arndt’s">Arndt's</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="3CA1C6D87E442E55D02EB398B33B5020" originalValue="Arndt’s">Arndt's</normalizedToken>
|
||||
variety are clearly foreign. They form part of the spiculation of a microcionid sponge, readily identified as
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Microcionidae" genus="Clathria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Clathria (Microciona) ferrea" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="ferrea" subGenus="Microciona">Clathria (Microciona) ferrea</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="8878ED0791A5C41D87CC7A5E52C1D8A2" class="Demospongiae" family="Microcionidae" genus="Clathria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Clathria (Microciona) ferrea" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="ferrea" subGenus="Microciona">Clathria (Microciona) ferrea</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(De Laubenfels, 1936 as
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Microcionidae" genus="Fisherispongia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Fisherispongia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">Fisherispongia</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="6D3FF5BA803C16BCC68E1EE723CD48E5" class="Demospongiae" family="Microcionidae" genus="Fisherispongia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Fisherispongia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">Fisherispongia</taxonomicName>
|
||||
) by its characteristic polytylote subtylostyles (see also description of
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Curaçao">Curacao</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="D6558314FF1319CD880E33112F097DBC" originalValue="Curaçao">Curacao</normalizedToken>
|
||||
material of that species in
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Van Soest, RWM" journalOrPublisher="Studies on the Fauna of Curacao and other Caribbean Islands" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" pagination="1 - 173" title="Marine sponges from Curacao and other Caribbean localities, Part III. Poecilosclerida." volume="62" year="1984">Van Soest 1984</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="DF87156B5532912ABCA2FBC005A7B329" author="Van Soest, RWM" journalOrPublisher="Studies on the Fauna of Curacao and other Caribbean Islands" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" pagination="1 - 173" title="Marine sponges from Curacao and other Caribbean localities, Part III. Poecilosclerida." volume="62" year="1984">Van Soest 1984</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
). This discovery means that the name
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon (Microciona) ferrea" order="Axinellida" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="ferrea" subGenus="Microciona">Cyamon (Microciona) ferrea</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="DF15294E9CF4BC2036560A14E087DDA6" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon (Microciona) ferrea" order="Axinellida" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="ferrea" subGenus="Microciona">Cyamon (Microciona) ferrea</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is threatened by
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Arndt’s">Arndt's</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="B5AF6B93EBE477B6665E135626423C1B" originalValue="Arndt’s">Arndt's</normalizedToken>
|
||||
variety. The material is so scanty, that any trace of
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon" order="Axinellida" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">Cyamon</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="7621F047646E88E6038CA9513541F977" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon" order="Axinellida" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">Cyamon</taxonomicName>
|
||||
polyactines has now (2012) disappeared from the sample.
|
||||
<bibRefCitation pageId="20" pageNumber="21">De Laubenfels (1936</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="CEB29CF88133682CB9F49A9EC5E90F79" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">De Laubenfels (1936</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: 80) elevated
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Arndt’s">Arndt's</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="4242F33F9E729C0188F2E11CB5F6E472" originalValue="Arndt’s">Arndt's</normalizedToken>
|
||||
variety to specific rank; needless to say that this is unwarranted.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||||
<paragraph id="A2F63DDA6FD40437BCBA00E1E71FA700" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||||
The spicule complement and the shape of the polyactines is broadly similar in the Brazilian type of
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon agnani" order="Axinellida" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="agnani">Cyamon agnani</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="AD8EA875BD721B5ACEACB25F0F20C362" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon agnani" order="Axinellida" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="agnani">Cyamon agnani</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and specimens recorded from Caribbean and Carolinean waters as
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon vickersii" order="Axinellida" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="vickersii">Cyamon vickersii</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="FEC4D4A0318037CDB3CC68E5777E9551" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon vickersii" order="Axinellida" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="vickersii">Cyamon vickersii</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, but the latter may have long thin styles up to twice as long. The short thick styles and the polyactines also are on average clearly longer and more robust in Caribbean specimens. The geographic separation caused by the Amazonian outflow could be a barrier to gene flow between these shallow-water sponges, and the differences may thus have a genetic background. On the other hand, the Brazilian type material is only a single small specimen and variation in Brazilian waters may turn out to be as large as that in the Caribbean. Thus distribution and ecology for this species may be summarized as: tropical waters of Brazil, the Greater Caribbean and Gulf of Mexico, South Carolina, known from 0-70 m depth, usually encrusting dead corals and other limestone substrates.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -1,159 +1,158 @@
|
|||
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="152050814" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:92C1030599FD99F342E61B5FB8064AEA" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/92C1030599FD99F342E61B5FB8064AEA" lastPageId="29" lastPageNumber="30" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
|
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<subSubSection pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="nomenclature">
|
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<paragraph pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
|
||||
<taxonomicName LSID="http://species-id.net/wiki/Oecetis_disjuncta" authority="Banks" class="Insecta" family="Leptoceridae" genus="Oecetis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oecetis disjuncta" order="Trichoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="disjuncta">Oecetis disjuncta (Banks)</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<treatment id="92C1030599FD99F342E61B5FB8064AEA" ID-GBIF-Taxon="152050814" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:92C1030599FD99F342E61B5FB8064AEA" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/92C1030599FD99F342E61B5FB8064AEA" lastPageId="29" lastPageNumber="30" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" scope_family="Leptoceridae" scope_order="Trichoptera">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="7B7D0BE282519B324A4965E8EC92DD1A" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="nomenclature">
|
||||
<paragraph id="2C85654807775655B0543B32B26ABAFA" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="513607D40BAC7DA7D67C53830E357E8B" ID-CoL="74HYC" LSID="http://species-id.net/wiki/Oecetis_disjuncta" authority="Banks" class="Insecta" family="Leptoceridae" genus="Oecetis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oecetis disjuncta" order="Trichoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="disjuncta">Oecetis disjuncta (Banks)</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Figs 8, 31, 39, Map 2
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="reference_group">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Leptoceridae" genus="Oecetina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oecetina disjuncta" order="Trichoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="disjuncta">Oecetina disjuncta</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="CD63C39F8BDE995870996450946ECB71" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="reference_group">
|
||||
<paragraph id="ACF5173C3A3258FF4B0F587CE3A4385F" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="05822A9D2B091BAB3AB5E7324952C00A" class="Insecta" family="Leptoceridae" genus="Oecetina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oecetina disjuncta" order="Trichoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="disjuncta">Oecetina disjuncta</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Banks, 1920: 351 (pl. 7, fig. 100) [holotype male, California, Arroyo Seco Canyon, San Gabriel Mts.,
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Switzer’s">Switzer's</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="DA9BD0D118A5CDF746D363CCCB2774C0" originalValue="Switzer’s">Switzer's</normalizedToken>
|
||||
Camp, June 17, MCZ type 10915].
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" genus="Oecetodes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oecetodes disjuncta" order="Trichoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="disjuncta">Oecetodes disjuncta</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<paragraph id="2191D8F75797C124876517F4482954B3" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="DC8D112BEB5E176FBC9DFCB9EF7D41C1" genus="Oecetodes" lsidName="Oecetodes disjuncta" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" rank="species" species="disjuncta">Oecetodes disjuncta</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(Banks): Milne 1934: 17, 19.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Leptoceridae" genus="Oecetis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oecetis disjuncta" order="Trichoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="disjuncta">Oecetis disjuncta</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<paragraph id="2E1A46768E7930088D1496758768275F" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="731EB80114D6A523F67A16E8CC6854AF" class="Insecta" family="Leptoceridae" genus="Oecetis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oecetis disjuncta" order="Trichoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="disjuncta">Oecetis disjuncta</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(Banks): Ross 1938: 24;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Denning, DG" editor="Usinger, RL" journalOrPublisher="University of California Press, Berkeley" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" pagination="237 - 270" title="Trichoptera." volumeTitle="Aquatic Insects of California, with Keys to North American Genera and California Species." year="1956">Denning 1956</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="497BEC39B76EFC091A6D7CC37F624D86" author="Denning, DG" editor="Usinger, RL" journalOrPublisher="University of California Press, Berkeley" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" pagination="237 - 270" title="Trichoptera." volumeTitle="Aquatic Insects of California, with Keys to North American Genera and California Species." year="1956">Denning 1956</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: 265 [as possible synonym of
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Leptoceridae" genus="Oecetis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oecetis avara" order="Trichoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="avara">Oecetis avara</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="1383FCFE3C63918281A4C7264F2988CB" class="Insecta" family="Leptoceridae" genus="Oecetis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oecetis avara" order="Trichoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="avara">Oecetis avara</taxonomicName>
|
||||
];
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Smith, DH" journalOrPublisher="Quaestiones Entomologicae" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" pagination="641 - 656" title="Analysis of two problematic North American caddisfly species: Oecetis avara (Banks) and Oecetis disjuncta (Banks) (Trichoptera: Leptoceridae)." volume="16" year="1980">Smith and Lehmkuhl 1980</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="781791AFB31CBD5ABE513D6C606AB462" author="Smith, DH" journalOrPublisher="Quaestiones Entomologicae" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" pagination="641 - 656" title="Analysis of two problematic North American caddisfly species: Oecetis avara (Banks) and Oecetis disjuncta (Banks) (Trichoptera: Leptoceridae)." volume="16" year="1980">Smith and Lehmkuhl 1980</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: 638 (Figs 1-2, 5, 7, 9-10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 21, 23, 25-26, 29-34, 37-38, 40-41, 43, 45, 46-48, 50) [adult, larva, pupa, case, distribution - Figs are of
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Leptoceridae" genus="Oecetis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oecetis sordida" order="Trichoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sordida">Oecetis sordida</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="7485A3FBA95419F6A2AC8852F9180BA8" class="Insecta" family="Leptoceridae" genus="Oecetis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oecetis sordida" order="Trichoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sordida">Oecetis sordida</taxonomicName>
|
||||
sp. n. and not
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Leptoceridae" genus="Oecetis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oecetis disjuncta" order="Trichoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="disjuncta">Oecetis disjuncta</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="D5126C92FE1B1CFC80C0996814488D88" class="Insecta" family="Leptoceridae" genus="Oecetis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oecetis disjuncta" order="Trichoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="disjuncta">Oecetis disjuncta</taxonomicName>
|
||||
];
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Floyd, MA" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the Ohio Biological Survey, New Series" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" pagination="1 - 85" title="Larvae of the caddisfly genus Oecetis (Trichoptera: Leptoceridae) in North America." volume="10" year="1995">Floyd 1995</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="293814A6B7C76E1528629DE2E37B1F27" author="Floyd, MA" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the Ohio Biological Survey, New Series" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" pagination="1 - 85" title="Larvae of the caddisfly genus Oecetis (Trichoptera: Leptoceridae) in North America." volume="10" year="1995">Floyd 1995</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: 29 (fig. 22A-H, map 25) [larva, case, distribution - figure and all, or most, records undoubtedly of
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Leptoceridae" genus="Oecetis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oecetis sordida" order="Trichoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sordida">Oecetis sordida</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="889E093E81E5A8B9986079B18268E819" class="Insecta" family="Leptoceridae" genus="Oecetis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oecetis sordida" order="Trichoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sordida">Oecetis sordida</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, and not
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Leptoceridae" genus="Oecetis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oecetis disjuncta" order="Trichoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="disjuncta">Oecetis disjuncta</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="BDBF0D61B80D761C97E387FA622E7537" class="Insecta" family="Leptoceridae" genus="Oecetis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oecetis disjuncta" order="Trichoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="disjuncta">Oecetis disjuncta</taxonomicName>
|
||||
].
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection lastPageId="28" lastPageNumber="29" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="diagnosis">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph lastPageId="28" lastPageNumber="29" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="AB44680F22BC2C20AD089DDC31026EFF" lastPageId="28" lastPageNumber="29" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="diagnosis">
|
||||
<paragraph id="0119CB16CB145E6825A58C89434FF08E" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="962CCFB68A980E79274C9FB7C345CC29" lastPageId="28" lastPageNumber="29" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
|
||||
This species differs from the form that has most often been attributed to it, here described as a new species,
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Leptoceridae" genus="Oecetis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oecetis sordida" order="Trichoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sordida">
|
||||
<pageBreakToken pageId="28" pageNumber="29" start="start">Oecetis</pageBreakToken>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="FBEA26163BD667EEFB7AD55F2BE64A61" class="Insecta" family="Leptoceridae" genus="Oecetis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oecetis sordida" order="Trichoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sordida">
|
||||
<pageBreakToken id="2069D496B10C35C50D01CBDBD47E30C3" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" start="start">Oecetis</pageBreakToken>
|
||||
sordida
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. The 2 are very similar and it is not surprising that
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Smith, DH" journalOrPublisher="Quaestiones Entomologicae" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" pagination="641 - 656" title="Analysis of two problematic North American caddisfly species: Oecetis avara (Banks) and Oecetis disjuncta (Banks) (Trichoptera: Leptoceridae)." volume="16" year="1980">Smith and Lehmkuhl (1980)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="144723EDD5BC7DB94BA0A34A91931D21" author="Smith, DH" journalOrPublisher="Quaestiones Entomologicae" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" pagination="641 - 656" title="Analysis of two problematic North American caddisfly species: Oecetis avara (Banks) and Oecetis disjuncta (Banks) (Trichoptera: Leptoceridae)." volume="16" year="1980">Smith and Lehmkuhl (1980)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
came to the conclusion that the specimens they had examined from Saskatchewan represented this species after examining the holotype. They did note, however, the variation in the length of the preanal appendages, one useful diagnostic character for distinguishing the species. We have examined only a few specimens from California and Oregon that correspond to the holotype of
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Leptoceridae" genus="Oecetis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oecetis disjuncta" order="Trichoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="disjuncta">Oecetis disjuncta</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4943151FA035EEB7EACF4F51B046826F" class="Insecta" family="Leptoceridae" genus="Oecetis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oecetis disjuncta" order="Trichoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="disjuncta">Oecetis disjuncta</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, probably primarily due to the paucity of material from this region in the collections surveyed. Nevertheless, the character differences from
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Leptoceridae" genus="Oecetis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oecetis sordida" order="Trichoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sordida">Oecetis sordida</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="DE7E7E44B80F0F61B0C7162FD131D432" class="Insecta" family="Leptoceridae" genus="Oecetis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oecetis sordida" order="Trichoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sordida">Oecetis sordida</taxonomicName>
|
||||
seem to be consistent. It is true that the genitalia in these 2 forms are very similar, with the dorsal and ventral lobes of the inferior appendage merely
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="“notched”">"notched"</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="95CCC3EB51EC496A4578A5D7A8A82307" originalValue="“notched”">"notched"</normalizedToken>
|
||||
, rather than with the ventral lobe distinctly projecting, and with the ventral margin of the phallobase strongly deflexed, and also with an asymmetrical phallic sclerite absent. However, the holotype of
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Leptoceridae" genus="Oecetis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oecetis disjuncta" order="Trichoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="disjuncta">Oecetis disjuncta</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="CF7F2B26F6A059AB4AB43A2267ABAD82" class="Insecta" family="Leptoceridae" genus="Oecetis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oecetis disjuncta" order="Trichoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="disjuncta">Oecetis disjuncta</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, which was described from California, is much lighter in color (a uniform pale yellowish-brown) than any specimens of
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Leptoceridae" genus="Oecetis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oecetis sordida" order="Trichoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sordida">Oecetis sordida</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="1ADE9EB2265DB0855B200A23E28900A6" class="Insecta" family="Leptoceridae" genus="Oecetis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oecetis sordida" order="Trichoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sordida">Oecetis sordida</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(dark brown with a distinctly pigmented chord), is somewhat smaller in size, and has the preanal appendages distinctly more elongate. Additionally,
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Leptoceridae" genus="Oecetis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oecetis disjuncta" order="Trichoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="disjuncta">Oecetis disjuncta</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="35AC523EA636DCA13793D6F6C3559C3B" class="Insecta" family="Leptoceridae" genus="Oecetis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oecetis disjuncta" order="Trichoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="disjuncta">Oecetis disjuncta</taxonomicName>
|
||||
lacks the distinctive rugose ventral apex of the phallobase that seems to consistently occur in
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Leptoceridae" genus="Oecetis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oecetis sordida" order="Trichoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sordida">Oecetis sordida</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="60878F9ED5E4FD478A62898828F392F8" class="Insecta" family="Leptoceridae" genus="Oecetis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oecetis sordida" order="Trichoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sordida">Oecetis sordida</taxonomicName>
|
||||
.
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Leptoceridae" genus="Oecetis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oecetis sordida" order="Trichoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sordida">Oecetis sordida</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="B36B431670281A3B4DBAD7AD92BA5300" class="Insecta" family="Leptoceridae" genus="Oecetis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oecetis sordida" order="Trichoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sordida">Oecetis sordida</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is nearly invariant in coloration and morphology throughout its very extensive range (southern Mexico and throughout the western United States, apparently as far east as Michigan). Despite the very limited material examined for
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Leptoceridae" genus="Oecetis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oecetis disjuncta" order="Trichoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="disjuncta">Oecetis disjuncta</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="F52F6215380043C3D4D65424E10779C7" class="Insecta" family="Leptoceridae" genus="Oecetis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oecetis disjuncta" order="Trichoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="disjuncta">Oecetis disjuncta</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, its separate species status is suggested by the distinct COI barcode difference of a specimen from Oregon identified as
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Leptoceridae" genus="Oecetis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oecetis disjuncta" order="Trichoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="disjuncta">Oecetis disjuncta</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="93BAC3CF9DD3EDB2D870D6FBD83EB194" class="Insecta" family="Leptoceridae" genus="Oecetis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oecetis disjuncta" order="Trichoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="disjuncta">Oecetis disjuncta</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, as compared to
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Leptoceridae" genus="Oecetis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oecetis sordida" order="Trichoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sordida">Oecetis sordida</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="51EC88A3418D728EBB61FB3CAB42258B" class="Insecta" family="Leptoceridae" genus="Oecetis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oecetis sordida" order="Trichoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sordida">Oecetis sordida</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Leptoceridae" genus="Oecetis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oecetis avara" order="Trichoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="avara">Oecetis avara</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="803B6D5976B1EBD07C7BAEFD52625955" class="Insecta" family="Leptoceridae" genus="Oecetis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oecetis avara" order="Trichoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="avara">Oecetis avara</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(Fig. 58). Our decision to restrict the definition of
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Leptoceridae" genus="Oecetis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oecetis disjuncta" order="Trichoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="disjuncta">Oecetis disjuncta</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="D501A7302F5ACC2A0A8F12AFB3B57155" class="Insecta" family="Leptoceridae" genus="Oecetis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oecetis disjuncta" order="Trichoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="disjuncta">Oecetis disjuncta</taxonomicName>
|
||||
to only those forms exactly resembling the holotype was made to stabilize the nomenclature of the taxon and to prevent its confusion with the form described here as
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Leptoceridae" genus="Oecetis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oecetis sordida" order="Trichoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sordida">Oecetis sordida</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="398425C9F33DE8EFEFAE24D8E1EF3875" class="Insecta" family="Leptoceridae" genus="Oecetis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oecetis sordida" order="Trichoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sordida">Oecetis sordida</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. It should be pointed out that
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Leptoceridae" genus="Oecetis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oecetis disjuncta" order="Trichoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="disjuncta">Oecetis disjuncta</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="20A857D8C78CDF84889AF70DF6A97085" class="Insecta" family="Leptoceridae" genus="Oecetis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oecetis disjuncta" order="Trichoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="disjuncta">Oecetis disjuncta</taxonomicName>
|
||||
also closely resembles
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Leptoceridae" genus="Oecetis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oecetis apache" order="Trichoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="apache">Oecetis apache</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="3C62CFB82CE103EE3D6E69504D1C3A30" class="Insecta" family="Leptoceridae" genus="Oecetis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oecetis apache" order="Trichoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="apache">Oecetis apache</taxonomicName>
|
||||
sp. n., in the general structure of the genitalia, coloration, and lack of forewing pigmentation. The latter species differs in having the apex of phallobase distinctly V-shaped in caudal view (i.e., its ventral apex is strongly
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="“keeled,”">"keeled,"</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="3481FEA0976502CE7F12ECE7EF370DBA" originalValue="“keeled,”">"keeled,"</normalizedToken>
|
||||
rather than U-shaped), and is also larger and has slightly broader forewings.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="28" pageNumber="29" type="adult">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Adult.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Forewing length: male (9.7-10.2 mm). Color (holotype and California specimen) yellowish-brown, (Oregon specimens) light brown. Antennae whitish with indistinct, narrow annulations at intersection of antennomeres. Forewing spots absent or nearly so; chord nearly unpigmented in holotype, lightly pigmented in specimens from Oregon. Forewing chord with crossveins moderately spaced, diagonal or perpendicular, either nearly evenly spaced or with s and r-m veins slightly closer. Forewings moderately setose, nearly uniformly along length, setae along veins in apical part of forewing not denser than on wing membrane, not conspicuously laterally diverging. Fringe of setae along costal margin of forewing dense, short, not strongly projecting.</paragraph>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="A6D664C6980C456D7078A8B6224FA185" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" type="adult">
|
||||
<paragraph id="D42AAE9A0ADFB62E1843EE66DFBB9C0E" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Adult.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="E20EF70EB1EEA31339E13BEE95650584" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Forewing length: male (9.7-10.2 mm). Color (holotype and California specimen) yellowish-brown, (Oregon specimens) light brown. Antennae whitish with indistinct, narrow annulations at intersection of antennomeres. Forewing spots absent or nearly so; chord nearly unpigmented in holotype, lightly pigmented in specimens from Oregon. Forewing chord with crossveins moderately spaced, diagonal or perpendicular, either nearly evenly spaced or with s and r-m veins slightly closer. Forewings moderately setose, nearly uniformly along length, setae along veins in apical part of forewing not denser than on wing membrane, not conspicuously laterally diverging. Fringe of setae along costal margin of forewing dense, short, not strongly projecting.</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection lastPageId="29" lastPageNumber="30" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" type="male genitalia">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Male genitalia.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph lastPageId="29" lastPageNumber="30" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="19FC0019AC3B6889B85B11EA68646814" lastPageId="29" lastPageNumber="30" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" type="male genitalia">
|
||||
<paragraph id="BB243A8461DF717C2E5D5DFDFAE49D31" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Male genitalia.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="61124A6C0EA30D50C7171D1F12999405" lastPageId="29" lastPageNumber="30" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
|
||||
Segment IX very short, with elongate setae along posterolateral margin. Tergum X with narrow, deflexed mesal lobe, lobe short, tapering apically,
|
||||
<pageBreakToken pageId="29" pageNumber="30" start="start">apex</pageBreakToken>
|
||||
<pageBreakToken id="9C09F69C658C0A004B4B6F4302A7CA70" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" start="start">apex</pageBreakToken>
|
||||
with small sensilla; lobe continuous basoventrally with paired lateral membranous projections. Preanal appendage elongate, length about 5 times maximum width, simple in structure, apical setae elongate. Inferior appendage with prominent rounded dorsal lobe and scarcely projecting ventral lobe, separated from dorsal lobe by shallow, rounded notch; posterior margin of ventral lobe, as viewed ventrally (Fig. 8E), with rounded bend near base, lobes very weakly diverging; basomesal projection of appendage forming weakly to moderately developed projection with short, stiff setae; dorsal lobe with stout, mesally-curved setae on dorsal margin and ventrally-curved setae on mesal surface (entire surface nearly denuded in holotype). Phallobase relatively short, ventral apex strongly, angularly deflexed, bend close to apex, apex distinctly sclerotized, but not rugose; ventral apex, as viewed caudally, U-shaped (Fig. 8C). Phallotremal sclerite prominent, basally forming relatively large tubular collar, ventral margin projecting; asymmetrical lateral sclerite absent.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
|
||||
<caption id="900ADFB7725D3F42D797194D9DF94599" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
|
||||
<paragraph id="AF999C3E1E0B77C4F0ECB259B716171A" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
|
||||
Figure 8.
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Leptoceridae" genus="Oecetis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oecetis disjuncta" order="Trichoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="disjuncta">Oecetis disjuncta</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="E72C1660FB2C6585EC3FF95F7262BBB7" class="Insecta" family="Leptoceridae" genus="Oecetis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oecetis disjuncta" order="Trichoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="disjuncta">Oecetis disjuncta</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(Banks), Holotype, male genitalia: A lateral B phallic apparatus, lateral C phallic apparatus, caudal D inferior appendage, caudal E inferior appendage, ventral.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="29" pageNumber="30" type="material examined">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Material examined.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="CE5C48A43F4A8E32DE6B1023EFD2E0B2" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" type="material examined">
|
||||
<paragraph id="B3B8B66A0E3E5CA58947987C111F5CAE" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Material examined.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="985A3D337C72C472FAEDF0F1615C6924" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
|
||||
USA: California: Arroyo Seco Canon, San Gabriel Mts.
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Switzer’s">Switzer's</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="10AE791110CFB2AF7BE988FBE6BF7BEA" originalValue="Switzer’s">Switzer's</normalizedToken>
|
||||
camp, 17.vi--, male (holotype 10915) (MCZ); Turner, East Lake (locality not found), Rec. 21.vi.1883, 1 male (pinned) (NMNH); Oregon: Douglas Co., Umpqua National Forest, Steamboat Creek @ Forest Road 38, 5.4 mi NE Hwy 138,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="43.376385">43°22.583'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="7F4A6A3546E2B44F5CE3002998DCE53E" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="43.376385">43°22.583'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-122.65338">122°39.203'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="A8D6959EDED2E0694ED4FC8C912E00C0" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-122.65338">122°39.203'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
, 485 m, 15.viii.2006, Holzenthal et al., 2 males (UMSP).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -1,426 +1,426 @@
|
|||
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|
||||
<mods:identifier id="0EE884B2DDD7B8B929015D9BDCCF6326" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.239.3734</mods:identifier>
|
||||
<mods:identifier id="4574653B7080FE2E388DE6F026C0F13F" type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-239-1</mods:identifier>
|
||||
</mods:mods>
|
||||
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="152037773" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:9322EEF7E6689BD2200F1B7926D55EF6" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/9322EEF7E6689BD2200F1B7926D55EF6" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="nomenclature">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||||
<treatment id="9322EEF7E6689BD2200F1B7926D55EF6" ID-GBIF-Taxon="152037773" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:9322EEF7E6689BD2200F1B7926D55EF6" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/9322EEF7E6689BD2200F1B7926D55EF6" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="1E5CC5F3173B3ED45FE01FF4FAD8AC07" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="nomenclature">
|
||||
<paragraph id="60255238688034271DCD6DD9AAB1B73C" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||||
Genus
|
||||
<taxonomicName LSID="http://species-id.net/wiki/Cyamon" authority="Gray, 1867" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1867" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon" order="Axinellida" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">Cyamon Gray, 1867</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="30A34967C3676988C8DF9374AABDB31C" ID-CoL="84MN9" LSID="http://species-id.net/wiki/Cyamon" authority="Gray, 1867" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1867" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon" order="Axinellida" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">Cyamon Gray, 1867</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="type species">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Type species:</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Dictyocylindrus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dictyocylindrus vickersii" order="Axinellida" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="vickersii">Dictyocylindrus vickersii</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="1B94ED3C78B6C6A6F3DB8387D62683FC" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="type species">
|
||||
<paragraph id="3F8837FD2D03086E4EE6628BFD5D4FB0" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Type species:</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="3ACFD50A8A7BD1205A1A2DF635D696F4" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="0A78D6E960D30DC8FB2FDC6A4048D7B5" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Dictyocylindrus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dictyocylindrus vickersii" order="Axinellida" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="vickersii">Dictyocylindrus vickersii</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Bowerbank, 1864 (original designation).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="definition">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Definition</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="CB5741B7A4117730988E508FF4431769" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="definition">
|
||||
<paragraph id="0E3CAA2F8CC710EBA0E38BFF2F630AA6" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Definition</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="E418CFB37B81C0B7551AABBF3A398B88" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||||
(emended):
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Cyamoninae">Cyamoninae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="871F1E79D468BB2B59DC3B4D77E6BBF2" lsidName="" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Cyamoninae">Cyamoninae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
with skeleton consisting of a basal mass of polyactine spicules of which one or more cladi are spined or rugose in mature condition, supporting a plumose choanosomal skeletal arrangement of single or columnar
|
||||
<pageBreakToken pageId="4" pageNumber="5" start="start">groups</pageBreakToken>
|
||||
<pageBreakToken id="C5D646C04816C2C2D579AB49756D7099" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" start="start">groups</pageBreakToken>
|
||||
of styles or subtylostyles with pointed ends outwards. Additional longer and shorter thin styles may be present in peripheral regions.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="remarks">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Remarks.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="951956223EA476341F45F8A9ADB7C1EE" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="remarks">
|
||||
<paragraph id="6E18FFF059E52B26456FD186974BDFD6" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Remarks.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="5D3C01AE43DA122AEE45C47CD0BA8533" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||||
The styles are usually smooth, but in
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon spinispinosum" order="Axinellida" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="spinispinosum">Cyamon spinispinosum</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="E713D0983E58A11759F0479C80BFA84A" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon spinispinosum" order="Axinellida" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="spinispinosum">Cyamon spinispinosum</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(Topsent, 1904) both shorter and longer styles are spined (see below). In the type species, and several other species, thin short styles take the form of angulated and/or centrotylote strongylostyles, some of which have one end faintly or more heavily spined (see below). Polyactine spicules are genuinely polyaxone, with axial canals visible in all cladi. They are predominantly calthrops-like and have four cladi, but this may vary between two and eight cladi in some species. Usually, one of the cladi differs from the others by having a pointed spined apex, whereas the other cladi frequently have rounded ends, with prominent spined bulbs in several species, or they are occasionally entirely smooth, differing frequently also in length (either longer or shorter) from the other cladi. The spined pointed cladus is termed
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="‘basal’">'basal'</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="4A3FFF8B925C59FEF53A67CB440F3155" originalValue="‘basal’">'basal'</normalizedToken>
|
||||
, under the assumption that it is homologous to the shaft of an ancestral echinating acanthostyle. The remaining cladi are here termed
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="‘lateral’">'lateral'</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="3CA555111DBA475F8F0EE5F07F74E993" originalValue="‘lateral’">'lateral'</normalizedToken>
|
||||
, based on the assumption they are lateral proliferations of the acanthostyle head. One of the new species described below, has the polyactine spicules in two distinct categories, the smaller one of which is
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="‘amphipolyactine’">'amphipolyactine'</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="83DAE61758B00DECD6E75390D5DFD68F" originalValue="‘amphipolyactine’">'amphipolyactine'</normalizedToken>
|
||||
(see below).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Trikentrion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trikentrion" order="Axinellida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||||
<pageBreakToken pageId="5" pageNumber="6" start="start">Trikentrion</pageBreakToken>
|
||||
<paragraph id="281CFD4528E380B889A6A3F83F1444F4" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="D495FA52F1BA7AC4D14912B91AFC5DA8" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Trikentrion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trikentrion" order="Axinellida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||||
<pageBreakToken id="FD38332DA71B2535588298D3947B9059" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" start="start">Trikentrion</pageBreakToken>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Ehlers, 1870 shares the polyactines with
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon" order="Axinellida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">Cyamon</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="BDED9FEF9DBB47EE504B6E4A9D4BDC25" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon" order="Axinellida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">Cyamon</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. According to the latest treatment of both genera (Hooper, 2002) the polyactines of
|
||||
<taxonomicName genus="Cyamo" lsidName="Cyamo" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rank="genus">Cyamo</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="3B6A4344616C39B6E1EEFE03F67D74DB" genus="Cyamo" lsidName="Cyamo" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rank="genus">Cyamo</taxonomicName>
|
||||
n would have all the cladi spined, whereas those of
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Trikentrion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trikentrion" order="Axinellida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">Trikentrion</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="94D53F766501B1861C78CB397FD2C153" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Trikentrion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trikentrion" order="Axinellida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">Trikentrion</taxonomicName>
|
||||
would have only the basal cladus spined. If this distinction between
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon" order="Axinellida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">Cyamon</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="AE496F7AA65AC92C65A1C9744DCAE19C" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon" order="Axinellida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">Cyamon</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and its close relative
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Trikentrion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trikentrion" order="Axinellida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">Trikentrion</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="F95DB11FBBAF2E443327F4259B5E59FB" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Trikentrion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trikentrion" order="Axinellida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">Trikentrion</taxonomicName>
|
||||
in the cladus spination would be maintained, then four species originally described as members of
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon" order="Axinellida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">Cyamon</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="A0974D4AFF08BE7F119E32C7EC7DBFC2" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon" order="Axinellida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">Cyamon</taxonomicName>
|
||||
would need to be transferred to
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Trikentrion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trikentrion" order="Axinellida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">Trikentrion</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="BAD62B49CCED0C433DB2D69DF62C84F6" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Trikentrion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trikentrion" order="Axinellida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">Trikentrion</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon quinqueradiatum" order="Axinellida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="quinqueradiatum">Cyamon quinqueradiatum</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="6BADBC360B4788A254E03F06216A3FD0" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon quinqueradiatum" order="Axinellida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="quinqueradiatum">Cyamon quinqueradiatum</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon neon" order="Axinellida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="neon">Cyamon neon</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="15B8CB746D764F9AE2A17159BDB80B08" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon neon" order="Axinellida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="neon">Cyamon neon</taxonomicName>
|
||||
de Laubenfels, 1930,
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon argon" order="Axinellida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="argon">Cyamon argon</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="03E0A13D2A9DD3B5CF06B1633864DC00" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon argon" order="Axinellida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="argon">Cyamon argon</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Dickinson, 1945 and
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon catalina" order="Axinellida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="catalina">Cyamon catalina</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2E9324411B1EE5F6F3D06773ED7FEBB8" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon catalina" order="Axinellida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="catalina">Cyamon catalina</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, as well as one of the new species described below. We will demonstrate below and in the Discussion that cladus spination does not coincide with other more compelling differences with
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Trikentrion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trikentrion" order="Axinellida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">Trikentrion</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="01F0E75C7250D7195CF5E0F367898F9E" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Trikentrion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trikentrion" order="Axinellida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">Trikentrion</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and consequently we will not transfer (all) the mentioned taxa.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||||
<paragraph id="49EF50648960AF32F99CB8A322D11F2E" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||||
The species considered valid members of
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon" order="Axinellida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">Cyamon</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="A96F45027071B88DC28BF360298CC364" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon" order="Axinellida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">Cyamon</taxonomicName>
|
||||
are listed in Table 1 and their properties in Table 2.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption ID-Table-UUID="6C2A468A3BE384467144FCAC84FC6ECE" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/6C2A468A3BE384467144FCAC84FC6ECE" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||||
<caption id="6C2A468A3BE384467144FCAC84FC6ECE" ID-Table-UUID="6C2A468A3BE384467144FCAC84FC6ECE" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/6C2A468A3BE384467144FCAC84FC6ECE" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||||
<paragraph id="41410AA53AE5DAF69B0C1E7A1D974D09" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||||
Table 1. Summary of taxonomic decisions on
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon" order="Axinellida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">Cyamon</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="B4CD4AD3A80E1B4D62FD8E996E1BF83B" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon" order="Axinellida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">Cyamon</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Trikentrion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trikentrion" order="Axinellida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">Trikentrion</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="6A971DB9516A3A0BEBE583E7C093EE79" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Trikentrion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trikentrion" order="Axinellida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">Trikentrion</taxonomicName>
|
||||
species
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||||
<table pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||||
<tr pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||||
<td colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rowspan="1">
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon agnani" order="Axinellida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="agnani">Cyamon agnani</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<paragraph id="7A93E7C672802C40624761EBCFD89FE3" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||||
<table id="713BB635BDAE6F4E4728ECE9047E0F7C" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||||
<tr id="F3178F01144D06464761470B68A3CFC1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||||
<td id="A5F3DD46045F62B1C041F4B2687C460A" colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rowspan="1">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="8110D8F4B3DD7A089B2D00E3EFF15360" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon agnani" order="Axinellida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="agnani">Cyamon agnani</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||||
<td colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rowspan="1">
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon amphipolyactinum" order="Axinellida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="amphipolyactinum">Cyamon amphipolyactinum</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<tr id="00723661633D9CA0A816BD829554BD4F" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||||
<td id="3E5B5A37D6FD3FA4B31B0100F0A88EF8" colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rowspan="1">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="1FC95451105E324528E1CDB02FD7174A" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon amphipolyactinum" order="Axinellida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="amphipolyactinum">Cyamon amphipolyactinum</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||||
<td colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rowspan="1">
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon argon" order="Axinellida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="argon">Cyamon argon</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<tr id="D1E396BAF25BBC3CB654A39D69A0270B" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||||
<td id="BD5995AB47CBA2A3A8E94A07C4372BBE" colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rowspan="1">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="54B8BDB3DFBE501E14461D63C4980454" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon argon" order="Axinellida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="argon">Cyamon argon</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||||
<td colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rowspan="1">
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon arguinense" order="Axinellida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="arguinense">Cyamon arguinense</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<tr id="62B96CE3B50C9D5B026E2EFB5B91ACB7" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||||
<td id="BD76DC155613F6E23350C31C857C1D26" colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rowspan="1">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="83A4254801B3DD4030D7FADD91B3FA65" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon arguinense" order="Axinellida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="arguinense">Cyamon arguinense</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||||
<td colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rowspan="1">
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon aruense" order="Axinellida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="aruense">Cyamon aruense</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<tr id="48B0D40C2E73FC7FBC68B67466B1F3C3" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||||
<td id="D4DFAD0170E457F4DAD6FD1F57EBEBF2" colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rowspan="1">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="5E599974F630476703C877AB625D49B5" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon aruense" order="Axinellida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="aruense">Cyamon aruense</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||||
<td colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rowspan="1">
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon catalina" order="Axinellida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="catalina">Cyamon catalina</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Trikentrion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trikentrion" order="Axinellida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">Trikentrion</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<tr id="6027E40007E142813997CA83E4CC0D60" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||||
<td id="742F33554DDDB7A10E98DC5828B6882D" colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rowspan="1">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="D516F002C3926AF2DCE7565E50FDD262" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon catalina" order="Axinellida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="catalina">Cyamon catalina</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="6D240260955A1AE4B596EB1B83445D55" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Trikentrion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trikentrion" order="Axinellida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">Trikentrion</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||||
<td colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rowspan="1">
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon dendyi" order="Axinellida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="dendyi">Cyamon dendyi</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon vickersii" order="Axinellida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="vickersii">Cyamon vickersii</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<tr id="971115865B1166EFCC6030CC60FE3E35" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||||
<td id="F5CCCC6064DD35B064C21C5B25330EB2" colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rowspan="1">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="083295C80F311757859369EEFBF78079" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon dendyi" order="Axinellida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="dendyi">Cyamon dendyi</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="5DBF0CC052FB6168F80780016897007A" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon vickersii" order="Axinellida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="vickersii">Cyamon vickersii</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||||
<td colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rowspan="1">
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon hamatum" order="Axinellida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="hamatum">Cyamon hamatum</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon vickersii" order="Axinellida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="vickersii">Cyamon vickersii</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<tr id="912D11BB070C00D6572F9A21CF7C070F" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||||
<td id="6E0A09FB87B33F6B34E5482E78BBF1EE" colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rowspan="1">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="E642F203B98AF98699308F3AA05E84F1" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon hamatum" order="Axinellida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="hamatum">Cyamon hamatum</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="BC98301B9C7A0130611B38F869656EB4" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon vickersii" order="Axinellida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="vickersii">Cyamon vickersii</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||||
<td colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rowspan="1">
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon incipiens" order="Axinellida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="incipiens">Cyamon incipiens</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon spinispinosum" order="Axinellida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="spinispinosum">Cyamon spinispinosum</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<tr id="091F53EDE3EDAB8242031EC0C8706E08" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||||
<td id="FC993031493FC56076527D25BB27F533" colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rowspan="1">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="87D1FB6E8D586C8658B69D246151680D" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon incipiens" order="Axinellida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="incipiens">Cyamon incipiens</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="CBED64D15E7E89ED72C65FE1CCA351EB" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon spinispinosum" order="Axinellida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="spinispinosum">Cyamon spinispinosum</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||||
<td colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rowspan="1">
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon koltuni" order="Axinellida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="koltuni">Cyamon koltuni</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<tr id="78A8CA17975DEA82C41F79FD9C3A305F" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||||
<td id="7D90FB8A8C40332F46F06B7CB8D8AFCF" colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rowspan="1">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="B3263B145B822D3CF7038141C6C576DC" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon koltuni" order="Axinellida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="koltuni">Cyamon koltuni</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||||
<td colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rowspan="1">
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon neon" order="Axinellida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="neon">Cyamon neon</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<tr id="61036362762E27FEE0306D21226DDDA0" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||||
<td id="C5E56422D5D36CE3F94841817CB52DBE" colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rowspan="1">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="06B5804E949302CAD077DD926BF84847" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon neon" order="Axinellida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="neon">Cyamon neon</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||||
<td colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rowspan="1">
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon quadriradiatum" order="Axinellida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="quadriradiatum">Cyamon quadriradiatum</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Microciona" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Microciona" order="Axinellida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">Microciona</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<tr id="2982FB8CDC613DB04E16171E86C5CE73" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||||
<td id="016D23AB626FD7B612F22EE2DD492A2E" colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rowspan="1">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="308BE324E3D7907737075C89E66F1378" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon quadriradiatum" order="Axinellida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="quadriradiatum">Cyamon quadriradiatum</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="A4B749BE58778FB36DB27F2E35B56F9B" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Microciona" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Microciona" order="Axinellida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">Microciona</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||||
<td colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rowspan="1">
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon quinqueradiatum" order="Axinellida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="quinqueradiatum">Cyamon quinqueradiatum</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Microciona" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Microciona" order="Axinellida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">Microciona</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<tr id="3462B83CD0FB084BD4503F7A8EB5A733" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||||
<td id="404A9C253526D898F05930552B60D009" colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rowspan="1">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="7F2EE8A057402510A1E9BB2949EF47CA" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon quinqueradiatum" order="Axinellida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="quinqueradiatum">Cyamon quinqueradiatum</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="5873B95B11C62A3E0FC1E4B957879C83" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Microciona" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Microciona" order="Axinellida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">Microciona</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||||
<td colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rowspan="1">
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon spinispinosum" order="Axinellida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="spinispinosum">Cyamon spinispinosum</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Hymeraphia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hymeraphia" order="Axinellida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">Hymeraphia</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon" order="Axinellida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">Cyamon</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<tr id="72BECC936447C318D1B8378B4C90E003" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||||
<td id="5B81C128C4776099DEA760EF0FC7C2FE" colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rowspan="1">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="6C7A45C618736FBF02BD4D8AF4F41518" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon spinispinosum" order="Axinellida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="spinispinosum">Cyamon spinispinosum</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="542DA6230F3D6AD1E356D283AC6B86B2" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Hymeraphia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hymeraphia" order="Axinellida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">Hymeraphia</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="E6496352CC6B1301D538303E3828C996" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon" order="Axinellida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">Cyamon</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||||
<td colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rowspan="1">
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon toxifera" order="Axinellida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="toxifera">Cyamon toxifera</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon agnani" order="Axinellida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="agnani">Cyamon agnani</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Microcionidae" genus="Clathria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Clathria (Microciona) ferrea" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="ferrea" subGenus="Microciona">Clathria (Microciona) ferrea</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<tr id="1906C4271C078F5E0A4FFBAABBB56D74" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||||
<td id="547A8AB4A3A76E18DBD63B293BB41532" colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rowspan="1">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="78D93BD1C5B8C52135F6C402A227E211" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon toxifera" order="Axinellida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="toxifera">Cyamon toxifera</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="40B1A5C42BFAEF1469DB25719C6631A7" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon agnani" order="Axinellida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="agnani">Cyamon agnani</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="E41A92F52E36A17EEB39AE4627CD0BA9" class="Demospongiae" family="Microcionidae" genus="Clathria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Clathria (Microciona) ferrea" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="ferrea" subGenus="Microciona">Clathria (Microciona) ferrea</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||||
<td colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rowspan="1">
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon vickersii" order="Axinellida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="vickersii">Cyamon vickersii</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Axinellidae" genus="Dictyocylindrus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dictyocylindrus" order="Axinellida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">Dictyocylindrus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon agnani" order="Axinellida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="agnani">Cyamon agnani</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<tr id="21D0D5B48A1E5972BE495A19E21CDC8F" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||||
<td id="13521A1D21705B769B3AB30F72885A06" colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rowspan="1">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="70E12B04B33AC3BE0C10F53BA08BAE3B" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon vickersii" order="Axinellida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="vickersii">Cyamon vickersii</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2A869700C56763C209FE0088ED5746F7" class="Demospongiae" family="Axinellidae" genus="Dictyocylindrus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dictyocylindrus" order="Axinellida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">Dictyocylindrus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="7AFDE280336E6A23DF31E642C50EE590" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon agnani" order="Axinellida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="agnani">Cyamon agnani</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||||
<td colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rowspan="1">
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Trikentrion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trikentrion africanum" order="Axinellida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="africanum">Trikentrion africanum</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Trikentrion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trikentrion laeve" order="Axinellida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="laeve">Trikentrion laeve</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<tr id="D9A1B3FC173E11EA52101F2B9CA2CCAD" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||||
<td id="703DA738015ED60F5EECB726916D28E0" colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rowspan="1">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="F9E0B493B53CE662052DFB7A5F821111" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Trikentrion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trikentrion africanum" order="Axinellida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="africanum">Trikentrion africanum</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2F9B597BDEB9DAC3ECE978A3C3A8BBC1" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Trikentrion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trikentrion laeve" order="Axinellida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="laeve">Trikentrion laeve</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||||
<td colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rowspan="1">
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Trikentrion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trikentrion catalina" order="Axinellida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="catalina">Trikentrion catalina</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon" order="Axinellida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">Cyamon</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<tr id="2839EEE275DCE1A5E9F454BA9E0FC61F" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||||
<td id="4FE5DAD3C5C7E6F6A16453736ABDA9ED" colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rowspan="1">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="DCC98A1A4BD4704BD68710ACE4A5BF41" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Trikentrion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trikentrion catalina" order="Axinellida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="catalina">Trikentrion catalina</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="E5A05EFAE3F02B6A24523E8DE87A6715" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon" order="Axinellida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">Cyamon</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||||
<td colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rowspan="1">
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Trikentrion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trikentrion flabelliforme" order="Axinellida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="flabelliforme">Trikentrion flabelliforme</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<tr id="7F3901FDF7226C25283BF446EC333BAA" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||||
<td id="85F5C1D7A148168663915A57A04063C1" colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rowspan="1">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="F82EEF590310B257584041718F7F65AC" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Trikentrion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trikentrion flabelliforme" order="Axinellida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="flabelliforme">Trikentrion flabelliforme</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||||
<td colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rowspan="1">
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Trikentrion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trikentrion helium" order="Axinellida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="helium">Trikentrion helium</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<tr id="069C627A3516A4F3A60E70E9D2D01728" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||||
<td id="3FAC957C9146CE742D4BB9BF2D768718" colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rowspan="1">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="7AC40313476207327BF01B3D2714FE08" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Trikentrion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trikentrion helium" order="Axinellida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="helium">Trikentrion helium</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||||
<td colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rowspan="1">
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Trikentrion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trikentrion laeve" order="Axinellida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="laeve">Trikentrion laeve</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<tr id="6886B4B471CD3A950A3F8625F8737290" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||||
<td id="ECFD2DEB1F7C1C3A0BC40B745FEA0E82" colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rowspan="1">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="A8C521C8081FB472D9DB83B9B28AA1EB" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Trikentrion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trikentrion laeve" order="Axinellida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="laeve">Trikentrion laeve</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||||
<td colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rowspan="1">
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Trikentrion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trikentrion muricatum" order="Axinellida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="muricatum">Trikentrion muricatum</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Calcarea" family="Baeriidae" genus="Spongia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Spongia" order="Baerida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">Spongia</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<tr id="56239F62DF86410E3CA2FC05BEEE20F3" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||||
<td id="DF13A26E7D2B2781175F756756CF8985" colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rowspan="1">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="514934E64D00F55B3D5DC4009441CDD0" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Trikentrion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trikentrion muricatum" order="Axinellida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="muricatum">Trikentrion muricatum</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="15268EC9BE64AC0D74399AAE2FA6A0A0" class="Calcarea" family="Baeriidae" genus="Spongia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Spongia" order="Baerida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">Spongia</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||||
<td colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rowspan="1">
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Trikentrion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trikentrion papillosa" order="Axinellida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="papillosa">Trikentrion papillosa</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Plectronella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Plectronella" order="Axinellida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">Plectronella</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Trikentrion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trikentrion muricatum" order="Axinellida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="muricatum">Trikentrion muricatum</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<tr id="0CA1E0EEA652D50FE8A810437B59407F" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||||
<td id="7F25B7E4C9C61B4E9AAE2B5ADA079EBA" colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rowspan="1">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="F76423F3055366F4864541B6C4C47F2E" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Trikentrion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trikentrion papillosa" order="Axinellida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="papillosa">Trikentrion papillosa</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="781A1325C6E8B8858D84383DB5CB6DEB" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Plectronella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Plectronella" order="Axinellida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">Plectronella</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="ACC48A6BCED6404B692AF0828CF8A7B1" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Trikentrion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trikentrion muricatum" order="Axinellida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="muricatum">Trikentrion muricatum</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
</table>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||||
<caption id="9BCCAFC6AF32FD65EAAE9452001AA15B" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||||
<paragraph id="FB54AAD16CFC6F1A24AC70E942F65239" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||||
Table 2. Summary of characters and spicule data of the species of
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon" order="Axinellida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">Cyamon</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="1AD8537D35E025AD26EE4E6AEBFFC5FA" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon" order="Axinellida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">Cyamon</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Trikentrion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trikentrion" order="Axinellida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">Trikentrion</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="EC52465FA3CF8F3C42B1D1834AC7C3D7" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Trikentrion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trikentrion" order="Axinellida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">Trikentrion</taxonomicName>
|
||||
considered valid in this study.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||||
<table pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||||
<tr pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||||
<th colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rowspan="1">Genus</th>
|
||||
<th colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rowspan="1">Species</th>
|
||||
<th colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rowspan="1">Shape</th>
|
||||
<th colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rowspan="1">height</th>
|
||||
<th colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rowspan="1">Long thin style</th>
|
||||
<th colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rowspan="1">Short thin style</th>
|
||||
<th colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rowspan="1">short thin style centrotylote</th>
|
||||
<th colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rowspan="1">Short thick style</th>
|
||||
<th colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rowspan="1">Oxea</th>
|
||||
<th colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rowspan="1">Polyactine cladi</th>
|
||||
<th colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rowspan="1">Basal cladus</th>
|
||||
<th colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rowspan="1">Lateral cladus</th>
|
||||
<th colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rowspan="1">Tricho-dragmas</th>
|
||||
<paragraph id="F2C5A68EDE27A63980902302BD1D8B26" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||||
<table id="20DAA48191AC5E0FBCC9EB66B7E1F303" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||||
<tr id="F588565AE8EBC0FACA6ADB787B57AFCA" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||||
<th id="8E674B5327E4216EB97FD9DAF7E752FC" colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rowspan="1">Genus</th>
|
||||
<th id="FC0334F5D55D4A92720E8D9BA9EF9DFC" colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rowspan="1">Species</th>
|
||||
<th id="21A53C1D465B6FA7AECFB22B0A52C1FE" colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rowspan="1">Shape</th>
|
||||
<th id="746282397C076A7F9B65C14EDE10FF2A" colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rowspan="1">height</th>
|
||||
<th id="5E35ED70594C122D5FD6D02A7FE4F0D1" colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rowspan="1">Long thin style</th>
|
||||
<th id="E31689DEC5B1E413B8770FEC098FA282" colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rowspan="1">Short thin style</th>
|
||||
<th id="ECFBECDC72623C339F4BFF02B1E24AEE" colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rowspan="1">short thin style centrotylote</th>
|
||||
<th id="E3D44768366E99E74BD597E3F474C9A2" colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rowspan="1">Short thick style</th>
|
||||
<th id="767714983739ADDE0E620A71580C4493" colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rowspan="1">Oxea</th>
|
||||
<th id="B97F912452242E75CBC0CCECE8C6827C" colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rowspan="1">Polyactine cladi</th>
|
||||
<th id="012869047C67AF611E73117DBAE5DF18" colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rowspan="1">Basal cladus</th>
|
||||
<th id="1B1048200E1BF9AF6252ED4B0B59F626" colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rowspan="1">Lateral cladus</th>
|
||||
<th id="CCFC3B192D84A1162FA5BE32D2FF624A" colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rowspan="1">Tricho-dragmas</th>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||||
<td colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rowspan="1">
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon" order="Axinellida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">Cyamon</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<tr id="BD840D21CF81D39E0AAA9C03E18F2CBB" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||||
<td id="2BB90FEA0239A0994C99E25BD544CAC8" colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rowspan="1">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="1AC2FAA576F933F68B152012842EC632" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon" order="Axinellida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">Cyamon</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rowspan="1">
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon vickersii" order="Axinellida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="vickersii">Cyamon vickersii</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<td id="D663CD1C8046C2DF0313F938AC426D58" colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rowspan="1">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="F586E3D7F92226B4CC38C8ACFF1D2838" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon vickersii" order="Axinellida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="vickersii">Cyamon vickersii</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||||
<td colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rowspan="1">
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon" order="Axinellida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">Cyamon</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<tr id="3FAAAA5FCA8A6354D9A40E3FDE724F45" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||||
<td id="1A4F988C042195BA0D3AF6755E39A10C" colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rowspan="1">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="635367EBBD1407F2E25588D06185B3B7" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon" order="Axinellida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">Cyamon</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rowspan="1">
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon amphipolyactinum" order="Axinellida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="amphipolyactinum">Cyamon amphipolyactinum</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<td id="DD43AE39322F676174F049B9E718FF57" colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rowspan="1">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="92A149F4D6285A5DEA4E5CF3DAA95E0D" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon amphipolyactinum" order="Axinellida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="amphipolyactinum">Cyamon amphipolyactinum</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||||
<td colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rowspan="1">
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon" order="Axinellida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">Cyamon</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<tr id="D51C4DF4491DF21C800475A9FFD71F05" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||||
<td id="BDC0592A6C47B5FAC685210FCBDB093A" colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rowspan="1">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="5313876606E1450DCC1E389242E2EB22" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon" order="Axinellida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">Cyamon</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rowspan="1">
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon arguinense" order="Axinellida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="arguinense">Cyamon arguinense</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<td id="BA2E6833B140CB0F3D6388A52E29941A" colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rowspan="1">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="17C6A8CBFB23C59FC014F9183FBE54B3" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon arguinense" order="Axinellida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="arguinense">Cyamon arguinense</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||||
<td colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rowspan="1">
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon" order="Axinellida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">Cyamon</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<tr id="06285E1E0234D6D40D72C40CF90162CF" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||||
<td id="C5281BE9EDC0A223910E887268D3BE8F" colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rowspan="1">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="890E45E604A1F097910445281679751B" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon" order="Axinellida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">Cyamon</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rowspan="1">
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon agnani" order="Axinellida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="agnani">Cyamon agnani</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<td id="8D66480B525B996524B289A1AE385E3A" colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rowspan="1">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="D0D4A2E51070EBCD7EDE6927449BB1BB" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon agnani" order="Axinellida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="agnani">Cyamon agnani</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||||
<td colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rowspan="1">
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon" order="Axinellida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">Cyamon</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<tr id="9ED2F8FC48E3974E5050FDAC457A11BD" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||||
<td id="4C678A5366F84F3347E4873663AAE6BD" colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rowspan="1">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="CCCFCAFDAB1DA674F50974D81E682A83" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon" order="Axinellida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">Cyamon</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rowspan="1">
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon aruense" order="Axinellida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="aruense">Cyamon aruense</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<td id="031A01BDB70FE0E491BEE442B173FEDE" colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rowspan="1">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="F5BA1BC5A72FB6BC78F964E584DDAD33" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon aruense" order="Axinellida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="aruense">Cyamon aruense</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||||
<td colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rowspan="1">
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon" order="Axinellida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">Cyamon</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<tr id="490D22806E0F47734E890BAC7191EBE3" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||||
<td id="A5D30076672DB8F01D6524466F898685" colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rowspan="1">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="F09A824155E54008F17A0D0782BBC5F1" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon" order="Axinellida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">Cyamon</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rowspan="1">
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon koltuni" order="Axinellida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="koltuni">Cyamon koltuni</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<td id="7726C099459B8F5AB1E00A5BFBBB3522" colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rowspan="1">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="78BE606C0014E977408D1ECE610C9FEA" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon koltuni" order="Axinellida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="koltuni">Cyamon koltuni</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||||
<td colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rowspan="1">
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon" order="Axinellida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">Cyamon</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<tr id="AE7A56180F015360247734AA962C687B" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||||
<td id="B88018A97DC5A45B432D2623154E90C5" colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rowspan="1">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="95357238D06B70196EDE711D50C914A5" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon" order="Axinellida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">Cyamon</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rowspan="1">
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon neon" order="Axinellida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="neon">Cyamon neon</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<td id="87625A57E4CF0831CDDDA385914171E9" colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rowspan="1">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="104B8793B2FD11ED6093CD38E57A7B2E" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon neon" order="Axinellida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="neon">Cyamon neon</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||||
<td colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rowspan="1">
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon" order="Axinellida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">Cyamon</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<tr id="E2C3A50921C16D702AE5848AF8EAD286" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||||
<td id="F424591164736B2AC6114A54E5F2A8FE" colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rowspan="1">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="104E89FB96EB8CA45FFA5A9D58DA9FF0" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon" order="Axinellida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">Cyamon</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rowspan="1">
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon quadriradiatum" order="Axinellida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="quadriradiatum">Cyamon quadriradiatum</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<td id="95888DE38CB44DA06CF136D99873E92D" colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rowspan="1">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="3D633293086BB28A90E676B4497802F8" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon quadriradiatum" order="Axinellida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="quadriradiatum">Cyamon quadriradiatum</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||||
<td colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rowspan="1">
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon" order="Axinellida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">Cyamon</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<tr id="1789CA7FD056993E851AAC7A019BACDC" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||||
<td id="1B82ABD355310925FF376A0BFF4CF248" colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rowspan="1">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="F66DCE94E02AFFA5DEEAB36B9B2E6811" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon" order="Axinellida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">Cyamon</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rowspan="1">
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon quinqueradiatum" order="Axinellida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="quinqueradiatum">Cyamon quinqueradiatum</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<td id="F9B076D87D1275DE26E46BDF4847F9B9" colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rowspan="1">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4F97180C15C69CC8865D8AA037DEE392" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon quinqueradiatum" order="Axinellida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="quinqueradiatum">Cyamon quinqueradiatum</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||||
<td colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rowspan="1">
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon" order="Axinellida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">Cyamon</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<tr id="DAE8DE5473C98C9977FB2426F611B6B3" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||||
<td id="66718AFD1D10E4863B3C9502941983BD" colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rowspan="1">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="09819104410717D32D485B4D354E8980" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon" order="Axinellida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">Cyamon</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rowspan="1">
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon hamatum" order="Axinellida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="hamatum">Cyamon hamatum</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<td id="E65A9EAD2AC6653E46416BAD13CE0462" colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rowspan="1">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="A7980131ED7BB5B7C0000EED51EBFBAC" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon hamatum" order="Axinellida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="hamatum">Cyamon hamatum</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||||
<td colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rowspan="1">
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon" order="Axinellida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">Cyamon</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<tr id="61888F824008DF702B4895272D3B299E" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||||
<td id="BC7A0921BCDA0A3F786D6B8768695B5C" colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rowspan="1">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="8CFB1605FAE63255B871619C00B4E5B3" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon" order="Axinellida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">Cyamon</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rowspan="1">
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon spinispinosum" order="Axinellida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="spinispinosum">Cyamon spinispinosum</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<td id="3F11549B34EC06489B942B4184230BA9" colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rowspan="1">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="B96022D673E39D74F2526C189D6F73E7" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon spinispinosum" order="Axinellida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="spinispinosum">Cyamon spinispinosum</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||||
<td colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rowspan="1">
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Trikentrion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trikentrion" order="Axinellida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">Trikentrion</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<tr id="9D4A0F577197C3ADB5E2D99BAA9D09F8" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||||
<td id="08FF1FA6A886D7435D1B40BF734FE857" colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rowspan="1">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4081588045E4766382D67C2C53CA2857" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Trikentrion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trikentrion" order="Axinellida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">Trikentrion</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rowspan="1">
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Trikentrion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trikentrion muricatum" order="Axinellida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="muricatum">Trikentrion muricatum</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<td id="E2A23537F2DF78BF22C2A80871ABB4D7" colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rowspan="1">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="8EECFB2AAA0EF295F1AA205BCF577CD5" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Trikentrion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trikentrion muricatum" order="Axinellida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="muricatum">Trikentrion muricatum</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||||
<td colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rowspan="1">
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Trikentrion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trikentrion" order="Axinellida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">Trikentrion</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<tr id="2183164D0E163E03962F16FA5319A2C9" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||||
<td id="EA00EBCBF68847B5C6FBCE1A16F785DD" colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rowspan="1">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="8233CFB227ED9BE49362C461963AC1F7" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Trikentrion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trikentrion" order="Axinellida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">Trikentrion</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rowspan="1">
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Trikentrion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trikentrion laeve" order="Axinellida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="laeve">Trikentrion laeve</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<td id="29E40ABB6C0AF0A25B795F9E8DAA8390" colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rowspan="1">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="CC841D267F542A8C3CA2E30AA381CC6D" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Trikentrion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trikentrion laeve" order="Axinellida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="laeve">Trikentrion laeve</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||||
<td colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rowspan="1">
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Trikentrion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trikentrion" order="Axinellida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">Trikentrion</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<tr id="15D1ABA6889B18B9F78ABE1D2C0A861D" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||||
<td id="3A73C3610FEA651394A080FF9FFE7F56" colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rowspan="1">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="5984620AA99875F34BF903839991B11E" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Trikentrion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trikentrion" order="Axinellida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">Trikentrion</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rowspan="1">
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Trikentrion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trikentrion flabelliforme" order="Axinellida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="flabelliforme">Trikentrion flabelliforme</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<td id="9C156F08CA8E3E1A75AB8BBF6D2B68D1" colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rowspan="1">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="77A392B47AC237FD879D012FB2E733F0" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Trikentrion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trikentrion flabelliforme" order="Axinellida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="flabelliforme">Trikentrion flabelliforme</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||||
<td colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rowspan="1">
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Trikentrion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trikentrion" order="Axinellida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">Trikentrion</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<tr id="B87D98ABDAE4096165CE797655B2AACF" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||||
<td id="39284A34B2448C538A06ABACFD2C770D" colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rowspan="1">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="6BA9EDBA79E23A69C805173EE73732EB" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Trikentrion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trikentrion" order="Axinellida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">Trikentrion</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rowspan="1">
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Trikentrion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trikentrion helium" order="Axinellida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="helium">Trikentrion helium</taxonomicName>
|
||||
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|
||||
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|
||||
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||||
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||||
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|
||||
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|
||||
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|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Trikentrion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trikentrion catalina" order="Axinellida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="catalina">Trikentrion catalina</taxonomicName>
|
||||
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|
||||
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|
||||
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|
||||
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|
||||
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|
||||
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|
||||
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|
||||
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|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Trikentrion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trikentrion africanum" order="Axinellida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="africanum">Trikentrion africanum</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<td id="00AB9FDE6F1C5583FD4EF722FA1B11EE" colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rowspan="1">
|
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<taxonomicName id="EF71D088A100A1050F34A633BA077C8D" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Trikentrion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trikentrion africanum" order="Axinellida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="africanum">Trikentrion africanum</taxonomicName>
|
||||
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|
||||
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|
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</table>
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -1,526 +1,526 @@
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="152037775" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:BC567478DDCF8D89901FFABF61D0491D" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/BC567478DDCF8D89901FFABF61D0491D" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="12" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
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<taxonomicName LSID="http://species-id.net/wiki/Cyamon_vickersii" authority="Bowerbank, 1864" authorityName="Bowerbank" authorityYear="1864" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon vickersii" order="Axinellida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="vickersii">Cyamon vickersii (Bowerbank, 1864)</taxonomicName>
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<treatment id="BC567478DDCF8D89901FFABF61D0491D" ID-GBIF-Taxon="152037775" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:BC567478DDCF8D89901FFABF61D0491D" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/BC567478DDCF8D89901FFABF61D0491D" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="12" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
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|
||||
<taxonomicName id="0F61E12A95D58F665E7CC48FC82741B9" ID-CoL="32N2N" LSID="http://species-id.net/wiki/Cyamon_vickersii" authority="Bowerbank, 1864" authorityName="Bowerbank" authorityYear="1864" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon vickersii" order="Axinellida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="vickersii">Cyamon vickersii (Bowerbank, 1864)</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Figs 1
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="A–D">A-D</normalizedToken>
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<normalizedToken id="A782B2B6A2B13EC94515DA4808027851" originalValue="A–D">A-D</normalizedToken>
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, 2
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<normalizedToken originalValue="A–D">A-D</normalizedToken>
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||||
<normalizedToken id="F73FD66743B289567A3CDE6F3805ACD5" originalValue="A–D">A-D</normalizedToken>
|
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</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="reference_group">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="D3FAA2A6F5CE462AC32D604A7E5F5439" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="reference_group">
|
||||
<paragraph id="6FE1A1E22D554FD3AC389E0F43A2EE42" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||||
Unnamed spicule;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Bowerbank, JS" journalOrPublisher="Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" pagination="747 - 829" title="On the Anatomy and Physiology of the Spongiadae, Part II." volume="152" year="1862">Bowerbank 1862</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="E51A826CBA5713B097837D0B5F2A8A32" author="Bowerbank, JS" journalOrPublisher="Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" pagination="747 - 829" title="On the Anatomy and Physiology of the Spongiadae, Part II." volume="152" year="1862">Bowerbank 1862</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: 831, pl. 36 fig. 15 (West Indies?).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Dictyocylindrus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dictyocylindrus vickersii" order="Axinellida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="vickersii">Dictyocylindrus vickersii</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Bowerbank 1864</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<paragraph id="50EBFF46FE1DCB8632BF0CEDE4E4A617" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="43FA0FF753C63F265770B64A5F01952E" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Dictyocylindrus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dictyocylindrus vickersii" order="Axinellida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="vickersii">Dictyocylindrus vickersii</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="F04CD4345B0E2EE259C723B32D33145E" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Bowerbank 1864</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: 267, figure 234 (West Indies?);
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Carter, HJ" journalOrPublisher="Tetrahedron" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" title="Contributions to our knowledge of the Spongida. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (5) 3: 284 - 304, 343 - 360." url="10.1080/00222937908562401" year="1879">Carter 1879</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="1A3BFD9FC148895B04F0D75B74A54093" author="Carter, HJ" journalOrPublisher="Tetrahedron" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" title="Contributions to our knowledge of the Spongida. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (5) 3: 284 - 304, 343 - 360." url="10.1080/00222937908562401" year="1879">Carter 1879</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: 292, pl. 27 figs 5-8 (West Indies);
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Carter, HJ" journalOrPublisher="Tetrahedron" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" title="Report on specimens dredged up from the Gulf of Manaar and presented to the Liverpool Free Museum by Capt. W. H. Cawne Warren. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (5) 6: 35 - 61, 129 - 156." url="10.1080/00222938009458893" year="1880">Carter 1880</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="716164987D8DE99B89D4BA5335A00BE0" author="Carter, HJ" journalOrPublisher="Tetrahedron" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" title="Report on specimens dredged up from the Gulf of Manaar and presented to the Liverpool Free Museum by Capt. W. H. Cawne Warren. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (5) 6: 35 - 61, 129 - 156." url="10.1080/00222938009458893" year="1880">Carter 1880</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
b: 42.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon vickersii" order="Axinellida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="vickersii">Cyamon vickersii</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<paragraph id="3673B522B51A1A8DE554325E5BEB8E84" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="531460E0BCEE9CC082F28B4CDED7D0B3" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon vickersii" order="Axinellida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="vickersii">Cyamon vickersii</taxonomicName>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Gray, JE" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" pagination="492 - 558" title="Notes on the arrangement of sponges, with the descriptions of some new genera." volume="1867" year="1867">Gray 1867</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="4898431EED8D6B8320F1C0FA4609EA3E" author="Gray, JE" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" pagination="492 - 558" title="Notes on the arrangement of sponges, with the descriptions of some new genera." volume="1867" year="1867">Gray 1867</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: 546 (West Indies);
|
||||
<bibRefCitation pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Dendy 1922</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="9AC1A3F73E027E563AE6F6DC27EB950E" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Dendy 1922</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: 108, pl. 4 fig. 4, pl. 16 fig. 5 (Seychelles).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon vickersi" order="Axinellida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="vickersi">Cyamon vickersi</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<paragraph id="9B67878ADB11C3A87FC32A1876E08F6E" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="BC2076412F9D91F31851EB40B21D6B2B" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon vickersi" order="Axinellida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="vickersi">Cyamon vickersi</taxonomicName>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Thomas, PA" journalOrPublisher="Annales du Musee royal de l'Afrique central, Sciences zoologiques" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" pagination="1 - 96" title="Marine Demospongiae of Mahe Island in the Seychelles Bank (Indian Ocean)." volume="203" year="1973">Thomas 1973</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="CAD02B321342CC23C31F2C974F45A68B" author="Thomas, PA" journalOrPublisher="Annales du Musee royal de l'Afrique central, Sciences zoologiques" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" pagination="1 - 96" title="Marine Demospongiae of Mahe Island in the Seychelles Bank (Indian Ocean)." volume="203" year="1973">Thomas 1973</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: 26, pl. 1 fig. 14 (Seychelles);
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Van Soest, RWM" journalOrPublisher="Netherlands Indian Ocean Programme, National Museum of Natural History, Leiden" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" title="Chapter 6.1. Sponges of the Seychelles. Pp 65 - 74, In: Van der Land J (Ed) Oceanic Reefs of the Seychelles." year="1994 a">Van Soest 1994a</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="BE35D590142336570AE471EDF1A82C18" author="Van Soest, RWM" journalOrPublisher="Netherlands Indian Ocean Programme, National Museum of Natural History, Leiden" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" title="Chapter 6.1. Sponges of the Seychelles. Pp 65 - 74, In: Van der Land J (Ed) Oceanic Reefs of the Seychelles." year="1994 a">Van Soest 1994a</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: 71 (Seychelles);
|
||||
<bibRefCitation pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Hooper 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="F762DA3010EEB7F21C58EF0E444A9635" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Hooper 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: 498, Fig. 17.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon dendyi" order="Axinellida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="dendyi">Cyamon dendyi</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<paragraph id="1D32422398108804008061C98B8BD399" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="F6AE4364C1228105406AB482438E098A" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon dendyi" order="Axinellida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="dendyi">Cyamon dendyi</taxonomicName>
|
||||
de
|
||||
<bibRefCitation pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Laubenfels 1936</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="E966909B758418DE3765B6646051D0FD" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Laubenfels 1936</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: 80.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="Not (Trikentrion) wickersi" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rank="species" species="wickersi" subGenus="Trikentrion">Not: Trikentrion wickersi</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<paragraph id="00BB5CF15D33BA5598A4761E047C2B7F" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="A32540FBE4CC7CBEED5C0C36C3DECCF9" lsidName="Not (Trikentrion) wickersi" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rank="species" species="wickersi" subGenus="Trikentrion">Not: Trikentrion wickersi</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(sic);
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Topsent, E" journalOrPublisher="Memoires de la Societe zoologique de France" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" pagination="30 - 52" title="Quelques spongiaires du Banc de Campeche et de la Pointe-a-Pitre." volume="2" year="1889">Topsent 1889</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="5A676DB711C877041052E1F2C6A19742" author="Topsent, E" journalOrPublisher="Memoires de la Societe zoologique de France" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" pagination="30 - 52" title="Quelques spongiaires du Banc de Campeche et de la Pointe-a-Pitre." volume="2" year="1889">Topsent 1889</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: 4, figure 2A (Campeche Bank, Gulf of Mexico);
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Topsent, E" journalOrPublisher="Memoires de la Societe zoologique de France" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" pagination="27 - 36" title="Application de la taxonomie actuelle a une collection de spongiaires du Banc de Campeche et de la Guadeloupe decrite precedemment." volume="7" year="1894">Topsent 1894</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="53B5DA9E19EA2B0FEBE0C1D462366486" author="Topsent, E" journalOrPublisher="Memoires de la Societe zoologique de France" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" pagination="27 - 36" title="Application de la taxonomie actuelle a une collection de spongiaires du Banc de Campeche et de la Guadeloupe decrite precedemment." volume="7" year="1894">Topsent 1894</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: 35 (corrected to
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Trikentrion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trikentrion vickersi" order="Axinellida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="vickersi">Trikentrion vickersi</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="7CD65BCAF2E3C670FF693EA9FCEE7D89" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Trikentrion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trikentrion vickersi" order="Axinellida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="vickersi">Trikentrion vickersi</taxonomicName>
|
||||
) =
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon agnani" order="Axinellida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="agnani">Cyamon agnani</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="6332CD304F24356A71473E2D514A58B3" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon agnani" order="Axinellida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="agnani">Cyamon agnani</taxonomicName>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||||
<taxonomicName genus="Nec" lsidName="Nec (Cyamon) vickersi var. toxifera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rank="variety" species="vickersi" subGenus="Cyamon" variety="toxifera">Nec: Cyamon vickersi var. toxifera</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Arndt, W" journalOrPublisher="Bijdragen tot de Dierkunde" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" pagination="133 - 158" title="Kalk- und Kieselschwaemme von Curacao." volume="25" year="1927">Arndt 1927</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<paragraph id="39DABFEEBCEE454FB22CB44366047EF5" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="AB7F56ACDC8A532DF6F0DBC3CFC0B386" genus="Nec" lsidName="Nec (Cyamon) vickersi var. toxifera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rank="variety" species="vickersi" subGenus="Cyamon" variety="toxifera">Nec: Cyamon vickersi var. toxifera</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="5D603E12E2C043CE0DDD79D4117FBB69" author="Arndt, W" journalOrPublisher="Bijdragen tot de Dierkunde" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" pagination="133 - 158" title="Kalk- und Kieselschwaemme von Curacao." volume="25" year="1927">Arndt 1927</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: 149, pl. 2 fig. 9, text figure 10 (
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Curaçao">Curacao</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="D7DE5609B2D78DFA42DD405EF3D63B7B" originalValue="Curaçao">Curacao</normalizedToken>
|
||||
) = mixture of
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon agnani" order="Axinellida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="agnani">Cyamon agnani</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="482CEE53DC7EC2165468F8E730BC61D3" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon agnani" order="Axinellida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="agnani">Cyamon agnani</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Microcionidae" genus="Clathria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Clathria (Microciona) ferrea" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="ferrea" subGenus="Microciona">Clathria (Microciona) ferrea</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4BD6A2C868AD00A5D2606837D2419660" class="Demospongiae" family="Microcionidae" genus="Clathria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Clathria (Microciona) ferrea" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="ferrea" subGenus="Microciona">Clathria (Microciona) ferrea</taxonomicName>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||||
<taxonomicName genus="Nec" lsidName="Nec (Cyamon) vickersii" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rank="species" species="vickersii" subGenus="Cyamon">Nec: Cyamon vickersii</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<paragraph id="A35FB4A6DD457BDDBF95ACEE74AEC218" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="1D9545C00C8B7931F8EA71CD9DB7B04F" genus="Nec" lsidName="Nec (Cyamon) vickersii" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rank="species" species="vickersii" subGenus="Cyamon">Nec: Cyamon vickersii</taxonomicName>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Burton, M" journalOrPublisher="Records of the Indian Museum" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" pagination="299 - 358" title="Report on the shallow-water marine sponges in the collection of the Indian Museum, Part I." volume="34" year="1932">Burton and Rao 1932</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="3FC168631F8B40CE29E5A2730F17A854" author="Burton, M" journalOrPublisher="Records of the Indian Museum" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" pagination="299 - 358" title="Report on the shallow-water marine sponges in the collection of the Indian Museum, Part I." volume="34" year="1932">Burton and Rao 1932</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: 355 (S India) =
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon hamatum" order="Axinellida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="hamatum">Cyamon hamatum</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="B74F31423ABE4E94AFA97F35582B94F7" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon hamatum" order="Axinellida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="hamatum">Cyamon hamatum</taxonomicName>
|
||||
sp. n.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||||
<taxonomicName genus="Nec" lsidName="Nec (Cyamon) toxifera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rank="species" species="toxifera" subGenus="Cyamon">Nec: Cyamon toxifera</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<paragraph id="BF67607AE1EEF7657A709688595656E2" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="5F778EA750433FC8726D31058E069EC4" genus="Nec" lsidName="Nec (Cyamon) toxifera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rank="species" species="toxifera" subGenus="Cyamon">Nec: Cyamon toxifera</taxonomicName>
|
||||
; de
|
||||
<bibRefCitation pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Laubenfels 1936</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="A7BB0B0C398CE0E3252AFCF63274EC55" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Laubenfels 1936</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: 80 =
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon agnani" order="Axinellida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="agnani">Cyamon agnani</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="50AAD7D4A9B9B8BEC05506879A1D8F27" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon agnani" order="Axinellida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="agnani">Cyamon agnani</taxonomicName>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||||
<taxonomicName genus="Nec" lsidName="Nec (Cyamon) vickersi" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rank="species" species="vickersi" subGenus="Cyamon">Nec: Cyamon vickersi</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<paragraph id="62667162F78822EC9F0649774BE8C650" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="C9184DB6FF69F676EE766971B8FF5BEB" genus="Nec" lsidName="Nec (Cyamon) vickersi" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rank="species" species="vickersi" subGenus="Cyamon">Nec: Cyamon vickersi</taxonomicName>
|
||||
; De
|
||||
<bibRefCitation pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Laubenfels 1936</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="FB3E40E81B9526232F265DEBA3665962" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Laubenfels 1936</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: 80 (Florida);
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Little, FJ" journalOrPublisher="Tulane Studies in Zoology" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" pagination="31 - 71" title="The sponge fauna of the St. George's Sound, Apalache Bay, and Panama City Regions of the Florida Gulf coast." volume="11" year="1963">Little 1963</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="16F333B78E54401697861E9F8939B197" author="Little, FJ" journalOrPublisher="Tulane Studies in Zoology" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" pagination="31 - 71" title="The sponge fauna of the St. George's Sound, Apalache Bay, and Panama City Regions of the Florida Gulf coast." volume="11" year="1963">Little 1963</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: 48 (Gulf of Mexico);
|
||||
<bibRefCitation pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Hooper 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="1B28D927538249BC9D009D97A9A7FDDC" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Hooper 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: 498, Fig. 17 =
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon agnani" order="Axinellida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="agnani">Cyamon agnani</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="21D3503B8E3AB50C28879BCD78A1AAC0" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon agnani" order="Axinellida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="agnani">Cyamon agnani</taxonomicName>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||||
<taxonomicName genus="Nec" lsidName="Nec (Cyamon) vickersi" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rank="species" species="vickersi" subGenus="Cyamon">Nec: Cyamon vickersi</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<paragraph id="C00BDEBE07C36C203B8C255F963531AF" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="F124321D74A6301F0A70C2539EA53C68" genus="Nec" lsidName="Nec (Cyamon) vickersi" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rank="species" species="vickersi" subGenus="Cyamon">Nec: Cyamon vickersi</taxonomicName>
|
||||
; De
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Laubenfels, MW De" journalOrPublisher="Transactions of the Zoological Society of London" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" pagination="1 - 154" title="The Porifera of the Bermuda Archipelago." url="10.1111/j.1096-3642.1950.tb00227.x" volume="27" year="1950">Laubenfels 1950</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="31B2D35E74FDC87ED16AA8FB6831CF45" author="Laubenfels, MW De" journalOrPublisher="Transactions of the Zoological Society of London" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" pagination="1 - 154" title="The Porifera of the Bermuda Archipelago." url="10.1111/j.1096-3642.1950.tb00227.x" volume="27" year="1950">Laubenfels 1950</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
(Bermuda) =
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Timeidae" genus="Timea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Timea" order="Tethyida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">Timea</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="AF8EBB2284F5BF90E8D77EDC8390D757" class="Demospongiae" family="Timeidae" genus="Timea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Timea" order="Tethyida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">Timea</taxonomicName>
|
||||
sp.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="8" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="material examined">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Material examined.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="6">HolotypeBMNH 1877.5.21.1887, dry condition, labeled from Mr Vickers, Dublin, West Indies?</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="8" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="B3BD32C25289A96DDE0F75371422B959" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="8" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="material examined">
|
||||
<paragraph id="AB606F792D64322E959CCE2054D4BE73" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Material examined.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="748594AA8607707EBBF117295EB97BD4" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">HolotypeBMNH 1877.5.21.1887, dry condition, labeled from Mr Vickers, Dublin, West Indies?</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="D3FA0A32B11739760991A6A10657921E" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="8" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||||
The holotype was extensively described by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Carter, HJ" journalOrPublisher="Tetrahedron" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" title="Contributions to our knowledge of the Spongida. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (5) 3: 284 - 304, 343 - 360." url="10.1080/00222937908562401" year="1879">Carter (1879)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="390B53D563E472DD1FAA286CE4A361A6" author="Carter, HJ" journalOrPublisher="Tetrahedron" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" title="Contributions to our knowledge of the Spongida. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (5) 3: 284 - 304, 343 - 360." url="10.1080/00222937908562401" year="1879">Carter (1879)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
(his illustrations are reproduced in Fig. 1B), and redescribed by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Hooper (2002)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="3437D6B99F23A0A902254765E0BB908C" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Hooper (2002)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
. The specimen is now (2012,
|
||||
<pageBreakToken pageId="6" pageNumber="7" start="start">see</pageBreakToken>
|
||||
<pageBreakToken id="45DD39FBFCE12AE77429C05DCF4B7F9E" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" start="start">see</pageBreakToken>
|
||||
Fig. 1A) a dry, macerated, wedge-shaped sponge, glued to a label containing the text Bk. 1887, Dictyocylindrus vickersii, lodged in a round box. There are five microscopic slides: three thick sections (one is reproduced in Fig. 1C), and two spicule mounts. A photo was made (Fig. 1D) of the contents of one of the spicule slides
|
||||
<pageBreakToken pageId="7" pageNumber="8" start="start">showing</pageBreakToken>
|
||||
<pageBreakToken id="E9D64F51969C18E7BC106BAAFCA90B1E" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" start="start">showing</pageBreakToken>
|
||||
characteristic polyactines and one centrotylote strongylostyle. All microscopic slides are labeled with texts in
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Bowerbank’s">Bowerbank's</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="9E752BF6DC5948DA4E8C1E6AAB878BA2" originalValue="Bowerbank’s">Bowerbank's</normalizedToken>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Carter’s">Carter's</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="E278EE1165CF0E770AC303E29D8CE3A6" originalValue="Carter’s">Carter's</normalizedToken>
|
||||
handwritings.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Description.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="0506B0C6F8A23EC693D70A4EB6A83447" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph id="19E4808AD7981A484AFAE3A92B1990BD" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Description.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="E8F2F7CE7D36DC085EC680C830079CBF" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||||
The specimen consists of a barely coherent mass of columns, fragile, crumbly. Size approx. 3
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="C5C7783C834A38A80478830FEBA470BA" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
2.5
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="0C0A0D1BF00BF5EB04646D4D6F0C412C" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
0.6 cm. Colour now dark red-brown.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||||
<paragraph id="6229B1C0213F59F90E251247CAA04D35" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||||
Skeleton: a branched columnar structure built by bundles of short thick styles supported at the base and along the column by masses of polyactines. The remaining spicules are not readily visible in the sections, so their positions are derived from
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Carter’s">Carter's</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="767F0260F7CB5349F925664F9BCB79D9" originalValue="Carter’s">Carter's</normalizedToken>
|
||||
drawings (Fig. 1B): the columns are echinated by long and short styles and wavy strongylostyles.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Spicules (Fig. 2): long thin styles, short thin (strongylo-)styles, short thick styles, polyactines.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||||
<paragraph id="0C5CDF91A3A1E83DADD64DC089D57E94" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Spicules (Fig. 2): long thin styles, short thin (strongylo-)styles, short thick styles, polyactines.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="478DD2935CD45553C21BCFD709B41D8D" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||||
Long thin styles (Fig. 2A, A1) curved, usually broken, rounded end faintly constricted subterminally, 1785-2200
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="DE5842E9570467C966469CAB2214775E" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
14-22
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="6B758AB3539AEC946254D05C6A18BE55" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||||
<paragraph id="0F36896EF965868F22E24FD33468269B" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||||
Short, thin, crooked or wavy, centrotylote styles (Fig. 2B, B1), sometimes strongylote, with the pointed end often swollen or mucronate, and faintly to markedly spined, 355
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="–408.8–">-408.8-</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="25296E9DAB898042FD249ECD6902DE1D" originalValue="–408.8–">-408.8-</normalizedToken>
|
||||
490
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="80C7266A86B9A08DF83BDA168D4512D4" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
3.5
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="–4.4–">-4.4-</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="0328E74C84627EA5E3EE03D00FD49299" originalValue="–4.4–">-4.4-</normalizedToken>
|
||||
6
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="A777C7070E1BC12B5C02FEBA6820C750" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||||
<paragraph id="21872D6095BC71F6AF5431CE15FDD960" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||||
Short thick styles (Fig. 2C, C1), smooth, curved subterminally at the rounded end, 470
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="–537.7–">-537.7-</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="AC8FC5FBD803930781E882282CB6B37C" originalValue="–537.7–">-537.7-</normalizedToken>
|
||||
662
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="BD53AF42F7165593BC7292139C9490FA" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
15
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="–22.3–">-22.3-</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="18F47BE382C1731C01F048AD6632C687" originalValue="–22.3–">-22.3-</normalizedToken>
|
||||
32
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="A0322615F6A10EB031C97E94813C911B" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||||
<paragraph id="B095AC9E8F0E725B55E8447C57CABCCF" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||||
Polyactines (2D), robust, mostly equiangular, predominantly four-claded, three-claded forms also rather common, five-claded spicules rare and much smaller than the other; juvenile spicules almost entirely smooth, mature spicules with all cladi spined at the ends, which are also lightly swollen; only sparingly spined near the centre; all cladi approximately equal in length, basal cladi barely distinct from lateral cladi: basal cladi 55
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="–62.5–">-62.5-</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="EC8C199AC97B8E4B42871E973004FE1D" originalValue="–62.5–">-62.5-</normalizedToken>
|
||||
69
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="D665AE2FEE643C4E4958320C7DA71367" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
10
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="–12.6–">-12.6-</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="0F1C590A35227D4D9FFEF2BBCDE5421F" originalValue="–12.6–">-12.6-</normalizedToken>
|
||||
16
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="B41C8272BEBD5735AE386F6053AC8160" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
, lateral cladi 50
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="–65.6–">-65.6-</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="FFDB2C6AFB4546BF1B9E8FC08358ADC3" originalValue="–65.6–">-65.6-</normalizedToken>
|
||||
78
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="7DD2D76CE5CDA0416EED854DD5AA0AAA" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
9
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="–12.4–">-12.4-</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="6662523D7399F8C35FD0F561706E0271" originalValue="–12.4–">-12.4-</normalizedToken>
|
||||
15
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="07B761D16B81547D60136A1689D98266" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||||
<caption id="0283DEBDBE8B32E375E0B780B8995139" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||||
<paragraph id="A598E03213BAAECDDF379757167F8D23" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||||
Figure 1.
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon vickersii" order="Axinellida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="vickersii">Cyamon vickersii</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="1D4E91EFC30C0298F6135BDADF6981EF" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon vickersii" order="Axinellida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="vickersii">Cyamon vickersii</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(Bowerbank, 1864), holotype material, A holotype specimen BMNH 1877.5.21.188 (scale 1 cm) B illustrations from redescription of holotype by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Carter, HJ" journalOrPublisher="Tetrahedron" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" title="Contributions to our knowledge of the Spongida. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (5) 3: 284 - 304, 343 - 360." url="10.1080/00222937908562401" year="1879">Carter (1879</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="2D546A057DA40B78BE945650FD58C564" author="Carter, HJ" journalOrPublisher="Tetrahedron" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" title="Contributions to our knowledge of the Spongida. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (5) 3: 284 - 304, 343 - 360." url="10.1080/00222937908562401" year="1879">Carter (1879</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: plate 27 figs 5-6, 8) C photo of one of the original Bowerbank type slides containing thick sections D microphoto of spicules from one of the original Bowerbank type slides containing dissociated spicules.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<caption pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||||
<caption id="27810269674E1225D62F0C1A935B7CFB" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||||
<paragraph id="E1C012BFBFB0FDF39F67CAE72034280D" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||||
Figure 2.
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon vickersii" order="Axinellida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="vickersii">Cyamon vickersii</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="38E9C24573AACD4B250C038BDBB485D1" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon vickersii" order="Axinellida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="vickersii">Cyamon vickersii</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(Bowerbank, 1864), SEM images of spicules of the holotype BMNH 1877.5.21.188, A long thin style A1 details of apices of long thin style B short thin (strongylo-)style B1details of apices of short thin (strongylo-)style C short thick style C1 details of apices of short thick style D four-claded (left) and three-claded (right) polyactines.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="10" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="remarks">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Remarks.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="45997EC90BF0506F79E2386063CD3427" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="10" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="remarks">
|
||||
<paragraph id="A7F1C5BAADCF639499C48C3F0E57E441" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Remarks.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8F538C482332255411323F087485421C" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||||
Contrary to most other authors referring to
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon vickersii" order="Axinellida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="vickersii">Cyamon vickersii</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="630D339B1ECDE66DF05CA4C70D14EBCB" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon vickersii" order="Axinellida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="vickersii">Cyamon vickersii</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, we have become convinced that this species does not occur in the Western Atlantic. The evidence for this is two-fold.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||||
<paragraph id="30FD361A318ACFDACE9F6465EA2B1597" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||||
(1) There is considerable uncertainty about the origin of the type specimen.
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Bowerbank, JS" journalOrPublisher="Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" pagination="747 - 829" title="On the Anatomy and Physiology of the Spongiadae, Part II." volume="152" year="1862">Bowerbank (1862</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="4724FACE261E7C3EE36E0AF0EFEEB7F8" author="Bowerbank, JS" journalOrPublisher="Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" pagination="747 - 829" title="On the Anatomy and Physiology of the Spongiadae, Part II." volume="152" year="1862">Bowerbank (1862</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: 831), when he first drew attention to the polyactine spicule, described it as follows:
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Spiculated inequi-angulated triradiate, with cylindrical entirely spined radii (Plate XXXVI. fig. 15). - From a fragment of a sponge presented to me by Mr. Vickers of Dublin, who thinks it probably came from the West Indies. This spiculum is an external defensive one. The triradiate rays are imbedded immediately beneath the dermal membrane, and the spicular ray is projected through it at right angles to its plane; they are very numerous.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="10" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||||
<paragraph id="9D307BCCB7DA01A379BE407718C9645A" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Spiculated inequi-angulated triradiate, with cylindrical entirely spined radii (Plate XXXVI. fig. 15). - From a fragment of a sponge presented to me by Mr. Vickers of Dublin, who thinks it probably came from the West Indies. This spiculum is an external defensive one. The triradiate rays are imbedded immediately beneath the dermal membrane, and the spicular ray is projected through it at right angles to its plane; they are very numerous.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="F2FAACC6D9AE288A42D42B7A9C681DBB" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="10" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||||
The part of the sentence we placed in roman lettering contains the only factual information on the origin of the specimen, which was subsequently named
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Dictyocylindrus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dictyocylindrus vickersii" order="Axinellida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="vickersii">Dictyocylindrus vickersii</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="C8F6CE97025DCD564D98CFED0E6CD21B" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Dictyocylindrus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dictyocylindrus vickersii" order="Axinellida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="vickersii">Dictyocylindrus vickersii</taxonomicName>
|
||||
by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Bowerbank (1864</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="97991CFF32EAA903A75076D3C9CB51C2" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Bowerbank (1864</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: 267) with the same sentence and figure repeated.
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Bowerbank’s">Bowerbank's</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="0D832787A0A961295D40BD00A8640F97" originalValue="Bowerbank’s">Bowerbank's</normalizedToken>
|
||||
slides of the type material in BMNH marked as Bk 1887 were labeled prudently "West Indies?" (see Fig. 1C), but first
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Gray, JE" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" pagination="492 - 558" title="Notes on the arrangement of sponges, with the descriptions of some new genera." volume="1867" year="1867">Gray (1867</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EAB48358AC32FE37EAD46B643DEEE15B" author="Gray, JE" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" pagination="492 - 558" title="Notes on the arrangement of sponges, with the descriptions of some new genera." volume="1867" year="1867">Gray (1867</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: 546) and later
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Carter, HJ" journalOrPublisher="Tetrahedron" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" title="Contributions to our knowledge of the Spongida. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (5) 3: 284 - 304, 343 - 360." url="10.1080/00222937908562401" year="1879">Carter (1879</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="45BD457788C3E7A443389AD2F275C3D9" author="Carter, HJ" journalOrPublisher="Tetrahedron" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" title="Contributions to our knowledge of the Spongida. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (5) 3: 284 - 304, 343 - 360." url="10.1080/00222937908562401" year="1879">Carter (1879</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: 292) omitted the question mark. Carter did an extensive redescription of the Bowerbank material (see Fig. 1B), which properly established the characters of the species. Shortly before that (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Carter, HJ" journalOrPublisher="Tetrahedron" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" title="Descriptions and figures of deep-sea sponges and their spicules, from the Atlantic Ocean, dredged up on board H. M. S. ' Porcupine', chiefly in 1869 (concluded). Annals and Magazine of Natural History (4) 18: 226 - 240, 307 - 324, 388 - 410, 458 - 479." url="10.1080/00222937608682035" year="1876">Carter 1876</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="F615C98CAFE244C1A6E1E39C56C15943" author="Carter, HJ" journalOrPublisher="Tetrahedron" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" title="Descriptions and figures of deep-sea sponges and their spicules, from the Atlantic Ocean, dredged up on board H. M. S. ' Porcupine', chiefly in 1869 (concluded). Annals and Magazine of Natural History (4) 18: 226 - 240, 307 - 324, 388 - 410, 458 - 479." url="10.1080/00222937608682035" year="1876">Carter 1876</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: 391) he alluded to a
|
||||
<pageBreakToken pageId="8" pageNumber="9" start="start">specimen</pageBreakToken>
|
||||
<pageBreakToken id="383AF027D6C181D1501E2172B21FAF3D" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" start="start">specimen</pageBreakToken>
|
||||
with quadriradiate spicules obtained from Thomas Higgin from Grenada (Caribbean Sea), which he thought to belong to the same species.
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Higgin, T" journalOrPublisher="Abhandlungen herausgegeben von der Senckenbergischen naturforschenden Gesellschaft" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" title="Description of some sponges obtained during a cruise of the steam-yacht ' Argo' in the Caribbean and neighbouring seas. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (4) 19: 291 - 299." url="10.1080/00222937708682143" year="1877">Higgin (1877</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="54F3A74684F1B844B82142B5C9B8A07B" author="Higgin, T" journalOrPublisher="Abhandlungen herausgegeben von der Senckenbergischen naturforschenden Gesellschaft" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" title="Description of some sponges obtained during a cruise of the steam-yacht ' Argo' in the Caribbean and neighbouring seas. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (4) 19: 291 - 299." url="10.1080/00222937708682143" year="1877">Higgin (1877</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: Pl. 14 Fig. 9) figured the spicule. However, both authors mentioned only long styles in addition to the polyactines, which is, as we know now, insufficient to characterize
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon" order="Axinellida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">Cyamon</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="9B6CA57E5104E46A997DF4871129DFF8" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon" order="Axinellida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">Cyamon</taxonomicName>
|
||||
species. As we described above, and was also clearly pictured by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Carter, HJ" journalOrPublisher="Tetrahedron" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" title="Contributions to our knowledge of the Spongida. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (5) 3: 284 - 304, 343 - 360." url="10.1080/00222937908562401" year="1879">Carter himself (1879</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="5D447A30CA612D7ABF10B26A7AD38D08" author="Carter, HJ" journalOrPublisher="Tetrahedron" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" title="Contributions to our knowledge of the Spongida. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (5) 3: 284 - 304, 343 - 360." url="10.1080/00222937908562401" year="1879">Carter himself (1879</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: Pl. 27 Fig. 6c, see also our Fig. 1B),
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon vickersii" order="Axinellida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="vickersii">Cyamon vickersii</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="519B5FDBC5537CEBA461467D3CE32D3E" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon vickersii" order="Axinellida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="vickersii">Cyamon vickersii</taxonomicName>
|
||||
should possess undulated
|
||||
<pageBreakToken pageId="9" pageNumber="10" start="start">or</pageBreakToken>
|
||||
<pageBreakToken id="04007D7DFE40E2242C73074720052922" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" start="start">or</pageBreakToken>
|
||||
crooked centrotylote thin styles or strongylostyles. We will demonstrate below that none of the Western Atlantic specimens of
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon" order="Axinellida" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">Cyamon</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="3469840749257F7FF41060122CD728C2" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon" order="Axinellida" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">Cyamon</taxonomicName>
|
||||
we examined possess such spicules, in stead of which they have straight thin styles without centrotylote swelling or undulations. Nevertheless, from the time of Carter onwards it was assumed, that
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Bowerbank’s">Bowerbank's</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="9BA566B95F74AFAF8386B3DAEC534850" originalValue="Bowerbank’s">Bowerbank's</normalizedToken>
|
||||
type came from the West Indies. Subsequent reports of
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon" order="Axinellida" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">Cyamon</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4D0DD4E9C232FDA2047E70E5CD02ED0F" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon" order="Axinellida" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">Cyamon</taxonomicName>
|
||||
from Western Atlantic localities all employed the name
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon vickersii" order="Axinellida" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="vickersii">Cyamon vickersii</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="533B9EAFB4ABC223EBB5D30BB5158314" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon vickersii" order="Axinellida" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="vickersii">Cyamon vickersii</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, and ignored the peculiar shape of the short thin styles.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||||
<paragraph id="F8279CB12CF7668E7EFECF282C07EDFF" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||||
(2)
|
||||
<bibRefCitation pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Dendy (1922)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="AEA266DD6ADB2CB6CD0C91F3857AA4FA" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Dendy (1922)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Thomas, PA" journalOrPublisher="Annales du Musee royal de l'Afrique central, Sciences zoologiques" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" pagination="1 - 96" title="Marine Demospongiae of Mahe Island in the Seychelles Bank (Indian Ocean)." volume="203" year="1973">Thomas (1973)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EACF7E8CA8FA6D5904872C72E3A581E3" author="Thomas, PA" journalOrPublisher="Annales du Musee royal de l'Afrique central, Sciences zoologiques" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" pagination="1 - 96" title="Marine Demospongiae of Mahe Island in the Seychelles Bank (Indian Ocean)." volume="203" year="1973">Thomas (1973)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
reported
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon vickersii" order="Axinellida" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="vickersii">Cyamon vickersii</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="F0C78573EE783E1D54096CD495FDFDC9" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon vickersii" order="Axinellida" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="vickersii">Cyamon vickersii</taxonomicName>
|
||||
from the Seychelles. Their descriptions exactly match the properties of
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Bowerbank’s">Bowerbank's</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="EE76F4BECA84758A238C462A0AB4C7F4" originalValue="Bowerbank’s">Bowerbank's</normalizedToken>
|
||||
type specimen, including the undulating short thin centrotylote styles. They especially mention the spination on the pointed ends of many of the undulating styles, precisely as we found in the type (see Fig. 2B, B1).
|
||||
<bibRefCitation pageId="9" pageNumber="10">De Laubenfels (1936</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="D7304BA5DFDACBDE0897DCE0A98AD84A" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">De Laubenfels (1936</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: 80) also was of the opinion that the Seychelles material differed specifically from the Western Atlantic material. Because he believed that
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon vickersii" order="Axinellida" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="vickersii">Cyamon vickersii</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="A2D1A1A5C41B26536F8372F07FF586BE" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon vickersii" order="Axinellida" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="vickersii">Cyamon vickersii</taxonomicName>
|
||||
was West Indian, he proposed the name
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon dendyi" order="Axinellida" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="dendyi">Cyamon dendyi</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="A00B1B9732F07A0340C9C287824A0839" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon dendyi" order="Axinellida" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="dendyi">Cyamon dendyi</taxonomicName>
|
||||
for the Seychelles material. Below, we describe and illustrate (Fig. 3) material obtained from the Seychelles, in which we demonstrate beyond doubt that it belongs to
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon vickersii" order="Axinellida" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="vickersii">Cyamon vickersii</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="5F5432752143F58D96DFB97A4469FB5D" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon vickersii" order="Axinellida" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="vickersii">Cyamon vickersii</taxonomicName>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||||
<paragraph id="F99F706640E0D74EB8F836AAAE2E1306" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||||
To conclude: specimens identical or similar to the type of
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon vickersii" order="Axinellida" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="vickersii">Cyamon vickersii</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="81B89526E858604D3CB90753FF5246C4" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon vickersii" order="Axinellida" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="vickersii">Cyamon vickersii</taxonomicName>
|
||||
are reported from the Seychelles. Specimens recorded from the Western Atlantic are dissimilar to the type of
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon vickersii" order="Axinellida" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="vickersii">Cyamon vickersii</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="C797DF79F81AA983446917F4C2F75C30" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon vickersii" order="Axinellida" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="vickersii">Cyamon vickersii</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, a.o. by lacking the characteristic undulating spicules. For the Atlantic representatives, the name
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon agnani" order="Axinellida" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="agnani">Cyamon agnani</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="D2A4E8BF71B9987CDE8DE5C107EEA60C" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon agnani" order="Axinellida" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="agnani">Cyamon agnani</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(Boury-Esnault, 1973) is available (see below).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||||
<caption id="B7F1BF92B66D703CCBFC7DB572AE163E" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||||
<paragraph id="B1682E7FA1C5BB893165962CFE02FF9D" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||||
Figure 3.
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon vickersii" order="Axinellida" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="vickersii">Cyamon vickersii</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="9AE95BCCF58B8D80F94D901A7F692491" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon vickersii" order="Axinellida" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="vickersii">Cyamon vickersii</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(Bowerbank, 1864), ZMA material (Por. 10660) from the Seychelles A
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="‘strawberry’">'strawberry'</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="CDC0536D9042DE5ED38E6C3ADF4B5A3F" originalValue="‘strawberry’">'strawberry'</normalizedToken>
|
||||
shape (scale 1 cm) B long thin style C short thick styles D short thin (strongylo-)styles D1 details of apices of short thin (strongylo-)style E polyactines F overview of spicules.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="3A642F5ACBE4557FEB7C6CD44429EF8A" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph id="F7E12B920496C364BEE305685C1AF247" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||||
Description of ZMA material of
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon vickersii" order="Axinellida" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="vickersii">Cyamon vickersii</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="EA7AA670E2927921AAF1108F671D08F0" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon vickersii" order="Axinellida" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="vickersii">Cyamon vickersii</taxonomicName>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||||
<paragraph id="5F4F8F9A4EA8869F3D5CC433FA54BE0C" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||||
Figs 3
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="A–F">A-F</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="9EE0BAB2167E633558086F999C33B523" originalValue="A–F">A-F</normalizedToken>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="material examined">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Material examined.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="3F6D308B746CED0079681F82F1FFCC45" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="material examined">
|
||||
<paragraph id="F9A493DDAE5EA62785912A9D4519DAFE" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Material examined.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="D5558096F633ED9D6CBBB8D82FA2D2BF" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||||
Three samples, ZMA Por. 11729, preserved in alcohol, Seychelles, Amirante Islands, N of Poivre Island,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="-5.7333">5.7333°S</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="546220A8D82B8D83D22F4F06F8D97808" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="-5.7333">5.7333°S</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="53.3333">53.3333°E</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="FB3B1DA2803ED96CCD0B2B9EAA12A9D8" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="53.3333">53.3333°E</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
, Netherlands Indian Ocean Programme, Leg E, stat. 776/05, rectangular dredge, depth 43-48 m, coll. R.W.M. van Soest, 29
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="–12–">-12-</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="BBADE0C90C4C9B93E29574E9AFE56B74" originalValue="–12–">-12-</normalizedToken>
|
||||
1992.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||||
<paragraph id="81015916D9DB047AE49F6B7F58D9AEA4" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||||
ZMA Por. 10660, preserved in alcohol, Seychelles, Amirante Islands, NE of
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="D’Arros">D'Arros</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="AEAA81E12F1E023576F4A673336411DA" originalValue="D’Arros">D'Arros</normalizedToken>
|
||||
Island,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="5555" value="-5.4">5.4S</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="821A66B69E9E249E9BDF90F5F4966508" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="5555" value="-5.4">5.4S</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="53.3167">53.3167E</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="CC872538D162A6003DBD2EEB51F546BA" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="53.3167">53.3167E</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
, Netherlands Indian Ocean Programme, Leg E, stat. 750/09, rectangular dredge, depth 48-53 m, coll. R.W.M. van Soest, 26
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="–12–">-12-</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="3151284FF64BB4D241402193A0020564" originalValue="–12–">-12-</normalizedToken>
|
||||
1992.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||||
<paragraph id="E769CAA8F2967439E55309E4AFB900A8" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||||
ZMA Por. 12558, preserved in alcohol, Seychelles, N of Aride Island,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="-4.1833">4.1833S</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="3530FEC35D5F1F9DC2C4636D21C10420" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="-4.1833">4.1833S</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="55.6667">55.6667E</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="F791326B435A876920257A9634BB3AC4" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="55.6667">55.6667E</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
, Netherlands Indian Ocean Programme, Leg E, stat. 716/09, rectangular dredge, depth 40 m, coll. R.W.M. van Soest, 19
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="–12–">-12-</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="FD580CD92F5082D3E41DABFABD54E6CB" originalValue="–12–">-12-</normalizedToken>
|
||||
1992.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||||
<paragraph id="12103779A5DAB9B70F45E2A707EA4246" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||||
N.B.:
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Dendy’s">Dendy's</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="26BEAA45A2E0AFCB5DCCDEACC7629243" originalValue="Dendy’s">Dendy's</normalizedToken>
|
||||
(1922) specimen labeled and described as Cyamon vickersii, BMNH 1931.1.1.19, Amirante, Sea Lark Expedition, 60 m, was examined and photographed by J.H. (Hooper, 2002: Fig. 17) but could not be found in the collection of the Natural History Museum in 2011 (Ms Emma Sherlock, in litteris).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="12" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Description.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="975C53F0E303CE9FAE7BBBC443E4571D" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="12" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph id="80739BBE696CA221B3BFDE5A3BEFC51D" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Description.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="703017D3FACADCA19A23F41C85AD04F4" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||||
Strawberry-shaped sponge (Fig. 3A), forming a single semiglobular mass with microlobate surface. Color red or orange-red (alive), dark brown-red in alcohol. Consistency firm, barely compressible. Specimens now looking clathrate due to loss of thin surface membrane, still present in places. Size of largest specimen 3
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="62CC03C47A318854C57ECF8B91C9CFD3" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
2
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="871EDA3DB3B5BF6520E7B0A67747DCD6" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
2 cm.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="11" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||||
<paragraph id="36729B320E6E7613869002390F6D6745" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="11" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||||
Skeleton: condition described as columnar, consisting of hillock-like masses of polyactines, variable in thickness up to 2 mm, supporting thick plumose bundles of
|
||||
<pageBreakToken pageId="10" pageNumber="11" start="start">thick</pageBreakToken>
|
||||
<pageBreakToken id="2F64B52719D30779A8EEA1F66E356930" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" start="start">thick</pageBreakToken>
|
||||
styles, which in turn are peripherally surrounded by short thin strongylostyles. Rare long thin styles are not present in all slides.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||||
<paragraph id="47BBD38C5963B9B16CB6D7E3FE7A7CAD" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||||
Spicules (Figs 3
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="B–F">B-F</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="5EA0C3AD8C5007FA410FA4102E74DEB7" originalValue="B–F">B-F</normalizedToken>
|
||||
): long thin styles, short thick styles, strongylostyles, polyactines, overview presented in Fig. 3F.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||||
<paragraph id="CAE4C2218E69CEA53E01569AEC94E1BE" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||||
Long thin styles (Fig. 3B), very rare, invariably broken in small pieces, largest piece found in our slides 300
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="EF761E9CF4D5B81ABA9A5A387D2FB57C" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
12
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="56DF0EA988A3722EBE8547E0DFBCCB28" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
; according to Dendy they can reach 1700
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="A00DEF28BA8411ADD85380A4789CBCF0" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
14
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="3AEAE8D12CBD5818D6B28316DE12FB41" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
. We reconstructed a long style from several pieces found on the SEM stub (Fig. 3B).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||||
<paragraph id="602EF3FB673F01BEE8083A1879E26D73" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||||
Strongylostyles (Figs 3D, D1), angulated, often faintly centrotylote, with unequal endings, smoothly rounded at one end, spined-mucronate at the other, 294
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="–347.1–">-347.1-</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="F7D79788694B174D6391836F9A60BDA2" originalValue="–347.1–">-347.1-</normalizedToken>
|
||||
402
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="AD61ED366F5DD63110AC01D073B8E75E" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
4
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="–5.6–">-5.6-</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="ECE0BEB8CAFE2CA6DD8BB91DD0E2BA11" originalValue="–5.6–">-5.6-</normalizedToken>
|
||||
7
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="6B14A7E02BF353E07BF73368CF9072FA" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||||
<pageBreakToken pageId="11" pageNumber="12" start="start">Short</pageBreakToken>
|
||||
<paragraph id="DBE4440986A83CB6D21288AA13A05BC5" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||||
<pageBreakToken id="C95219A25F6A5DB99FE1066E1076893F" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" start="start">Short</pageBreakToken>
|
||||
thick styles (Fig. 3C), characteristically curved in the upper half and provided with a faint tyle, shape of spicule fusiform, smooth, occasionally strongylote, 361
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="–538.9–">-538.9-</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="01B33388B0CDA801D7DC90EDE16E3028" originalValue="–538.9–">-538.9-</normalizedToken>
|
||||
678
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="6EE774C35B2E1816A7AD4EAB04E2BA83" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
16
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="–24.1–">-24.1-</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="37C67E136246C15D0A2A198BEE7D1194" originalValue="–24.1–">-24.1-</normalizedToken>
|
||||
31
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="52BC63C0588132E576ADFB19B827D63A" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||||
<paragraph id="D2D11E37590B0BE0FA8C286129B5B183" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||||
Polyactines (Fig. 3E), three- or four-claded in approximately equal proportions, a single five-claded form was observed in the slides (Dendy shows a reduced two-claded form). Basal cladi bluntly pointed, heavily spined apically, lightly spined along the shaft, lateral cladi ending rounded, equally heavily spined apically, less so along the shaft. In the center of the spicule there are usually no spines. Young growth stages are frequently entirely smooth. Basal cladi usually longer, 54
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="–77.5–">-77.5-</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="7EE5B63A5967168484D66CD5EAFCF11F" originalValue="–77.5–">-77.5-</normalizedToken>
|
||||
102
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="6D61A196B4B33C1B50C01F18F8D7120C" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
9
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="–14.4–">-14.4-</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="21991F1CCBA0442F809E808B7A9BE50B" originalValue="–14.4–">-14.4-</normalizedToken>
|
||||
18
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="2D77E5E5156366DC30C95332C82A1A66" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
, than the lateral cladi, 39
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="–58.9–">-58.9-</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="AE9407957FE314154B4EDC0FBF139E6D" originalValue="–58.9–">-58.9-</normalizedToken>
|
||||
78
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="315C6622A1986A3C0FE67A50CCEC9E19" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
7
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="–13.1–">-13.1-</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="DF1D6FB371ACC00DD166B31E92713584" originalValue="–13.1–">-13.1-</normalizedToken>
|
||||
16
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="9C16CD927B46BEDB2DA2FEF1B441E52B" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
, regardless of the number of cladi.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="distribution">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Distribution.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="6CB4F10DF2D2D6F686CA340F05518F9C" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="distribution">
|
||||
<paragraph id="6837860DD9F21F9C4DBCD8C66582FD28" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Distribution.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="53581CAF27EE84B81D20CF6FD3266D53" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||||
So far known with certainty from several localities throughout the Seychelles (
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Mahé">Mahe</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="FA74F331C10BCA2444C6E588AE622B14" originalValue="Mahé">Mahe</normalizedToken>
|
||||
and the Amirante Islands).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="ecology">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Ecology.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Sandy bottoms at 30-50 m surrounding reefs and atolls.</paragraph>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="CAABFBEE3E2ED33FA3FE4DEBD7D060AC" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="ecology">
|
||||
<paragraph id="2220605BF3CCB54B50C55B0C1C89AEC5" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Ecology.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="09B7493B0A8E9D9235E25024024EC2AF" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Sandy bottoms at 30-50 m surrounding reefs and atolls.</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="discussion">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Discussion.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="133611BF201BAC1F79C4152189372744" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="discussion">
|
||||
<paragraph id="3DC1034B906189711758E4449B5B004C" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Discussion.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="EC774DD9FE3274E0F3FCA26510624D6D" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||||
The ectosomal strongylostyles in
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon vickersii" order="Axinellida" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="vickersii">Cyamon vickersii</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="ECF71366770A035F8FDD18D4FECE13F8" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon vickersii" order="Axinellida" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="vickersii">Cyamon vickersii</taxonomicName>
|
||||
are reminiscent of those found in the type species of the
|
||||
<taxonomicName family="Axinellidae" lsidName="" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" rank="family">Axinellidae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="72DF7379671D4B90D5D09DC32FFACC84" class="Demospongiae" family="Axinellidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Axinellida" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Porifera" rank="family">Axinellidae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
genus
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Axinellidae" genus="Reniochalina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Reniochalina" order="Axinellida" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">Reniochalina</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2D3BC3BFD2827C27CF9EF84ECBC4B15C" class="Demospongiae" family="Axinellidae" genus="Reniochalina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Reniochalina" order="Axinellida" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">Reniochalina</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Axinellidae" genus="Reniochalina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Reniochalina stalagmitis" order="Axinellida" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="stalagmitis">Reniochalina stalagmitis</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="DAED62B588A619A643C68D1390F8CACB" class="Demospongiae" family="Axinellidae" genus="Reniochalina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Reniochalina stalagmitis" order="Axinellida" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="stalagmitis">Reniochalina stalagmitis</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Lendenfeld, 1888), which
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Alvarez, B" journalOrPublisher="The Beagle, Records of the Museums and Art Galleries of the Northern Territory" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" pagination="17 - 42" title="Taxonomic revision of the order Halichondrida (Porifera: Demospongiae) from northern Australia. Family Axinellidae." volume="25" year="2009">Alvarez and Hooper (2009)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="0307D16E46E6606E81AA205A2F65D62C" author="Alvarez, B" journalOrPublisher="The Beagle, Records of the Museums and Art Galleries of the Northern Territory" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" pagination="17 - 42" title="Taxonomic revision of the order Halichondrida (Porifera: Demospongiae) from northern Australia. Family Axinellidae." volume="25" year="2009">Alvarez and Hooper (2009)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
suggested were indicative of a possible close relationship between
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Axinellidae" genus="Reniochalina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Reniochalina" order="Axinellida" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">Reniochalina</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="B6140165FF608820E13CBAD898A864DF" class="Demospongiae" family="Axinellidae" genus="Reniochalina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Reniochalina" order="Axinellida" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">Reniochalina</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and the
|
||||
<taxonomicName family="Raspailiidae" lsidName="" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" rank="family">Raspailiidae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="7D5E036AB8FEE553BB167E025CB1D003" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Axinellida" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Porifera" rank="family">Raspailiidae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. This close relationship was further confirmed from molecular evidence (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Erpenbeck, D" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" pagination="1571 - 1576" title="The systematics of Raspailiidae (Demospongiae: Poecilosclerida: Microcionina) re-analysed with a ribosomal marker." url="10.1017/S0025315407058201" volume="87" year="2007 b">Erpenbeck et al. 2007b</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="DD1F849DBDAD26A2DE0B74F466F2DE0F" author="Erpenbeck, D" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" pagination="1571 - 1576" title="The systematics of Raspailiidae (Demospongiae: Poecilosclerida: Microcionina) re-analysed with a ribosomal marker." url="10.1017/S0025315407058201" volume="87" year="2007 b">Erpenbeck et al. 2007b</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
) showing affinities of
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Axinellidae" genus="Reniochalina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Reniochalina stalagmitis" order="Axinellida" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="stalagmitis">Reniochalina stalagmitis</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="0EB0C6820BCC2A07C72AAEF0B14A373B" class="Demospongiae" family="Axinellidae" genus="Reniochalina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Reniochalina stalagmitis" order="Axinellida" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="stalagmitis">Reniochalina stalagmitis</taxonomicName>
|
||||
with the raspaillid species
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Axechina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Axechina raspailioides" order="Axinellida" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="raspailioides">Axechina raspailioides</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Hentschel, E" journalOrPublisher="Abhandlungen herausgegeben von der Senckenbergischen naturforschenden Gesellschaft" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" pagination="293 - 448" title="Kiesel- und Hornschwaemme der Aru- und Kei-Inseln." volume="34" year="1912">Hentschel (1912)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="D7A0FF263FCD279121343069C1A305BA" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Axechina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Axechina raspailioides" order="Axinellida" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="raspailioides">Axechina raspailioides</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="A2CA4E586B102E68508A87AA073E5ECC" author="Hentschel, E" journalOrPublisher="Abhandlungen herausgegeben von der Senckenbergischen naturforschenden Gesellschaft" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" pagination="293 - 448" title="Kiesel- und Hornschwaemme der Aru- und Kei-Inseln." volume="34" year="1912">Hentschel (1912)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
, indicating the strong morphological apomorphy of these ectosomal spicules for the Raspailiidae.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Burton, M" journalOrPublisher="Records of the Indian Museum" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" pagination="299 - 358" title="Report on the shallow-water marine sponges in the collection of the Indian Museum, Part I." volume="34" year="1932">Burton and Rao (1932)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<paragraph id="4056B4FA8CE7312A1089120D6CBB51A4" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="F1B8BB5CA2D81E9867603EC7B3CFB920" author="Burton, M" journalOrPublisher="Records of the Indian Museum" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" pagination="299 - 358" title="Report on the shallow-water marine sponges in the collection of the Indian Museum, Part I." volume="34" year="1932">Burton and Rao (1932)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
reported
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon vickersii" order="Axinellida" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="vickersii">Cyamon vickersii</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="A699B3BC850FC39C75565C476FB32D55" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon vickersii" order="Axinellida" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="vickersii">Cyamon vickersii</taxonomicName>
|
||||
from South India (21 miles WSW from Mangalore), stating their specimen answered to
|
||||
<bibRefCitation pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Dendy’s">Dendy's</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="8FB9C5C40405739AE486BD2BB340B1F0" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="364278F56FAEE9B8605763EC407B1EC2" originalValue="Dendy’s">Dendy's</normalizedToken>
|
||||
(1922)
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
material. We were able to examine a slide made by Burton (BMNH 1931.1.1.19a, the specimen is presumably in the collections of the Indian Museum), and found it to be close but nevertheless distinct from
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon vickersii" order="Axinellida" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="vickersii">Cyamon vickersii</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="6CC53033FC56B423FE0E41C7C7C8FE6D" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon vickersii" order="Axinellida" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="vickersii">Cyamon vickersii</taxonomicName>
|
||||
proper. See below for a description and illustration, as
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon hamatum" order="Axinellida" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="hamatum">Cyamon hamatum</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="3A206D8655D668EDA9B29342819B7D1E" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon hamatum" order="Axinellida" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="hamatum">Cyamon hamatum</taxonomicName>
|
||||
sp. n.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Gray, JE" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" pagination="492 - 558" title="Notes on the arrangement of sponges, with the descriptions of some new genera." volume="1867" year="1867">
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Gray’s">Gray's</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<paragraph id="23A128C422CF3D26DCF39D4407465E06" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="E1432F54547647203E9C133A20815A8E" author="Gray, JE" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" pagination="492 - 558" title="Notes on the arrangement of sponges, with the descriptions of some new genera." volume="1867" year="1867">
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="71E83F14B9C4CA983F356308FEAB17BE" originalValue="Gray’s">Gray's</normalizedToken>
|
||||
(1867
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: 546) suggestion that the unnamed spicule without locality pictured in Bowerbank, 1864: figure 88 also belongs to
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon vickersii" order="Axinellida" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="vickersii">Cyamon vickersii</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="E2CCCCEDB99B234703BF0E3161D30707" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon vickersii" order="Axinellida" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="vickersii">Cyamon vickersii</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is debatable as the spicule with its single cladus spined conforms more likely to
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Trikentrion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trikentrion" order="Axinellida" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">Trikentrion</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="EF643E953C8003734B2A103CC9EDCF02" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Trikentrion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trikentrion" order="Axinellida" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">Trikentrion</taxonomicName>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -1,68 +1,68 @@
|
|||
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<mods:mods id="ADFF388856541DAE54B2931D2EBA1ADE" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="F8AA53AA39EA5F54C2344AB320BFBAD4">
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<mods:title id="D7CACF3354879E0DF7BBDB2CC09D3DE3">Five new species of the genus Hermonassa Walker, 1865 from Xizang Autonomous Region, China (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae, Noctuinae)</mods:title>
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<document ID-CLB-Dataset="266164" ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1179.107587" ID-GBIF-Dataset="db007deb-55bb-4e5c-937a-0c28dea63df0" ID-PMC="PMC10504640" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-1179-35" ID-Pensoft-UUID="07CEAFC9849852A1AC00767783926142" ID-PubMed="37719776" ID-ZooBank="D9BD50CBB127487981E99421E4F059BA" ModsDocID="1313-2970-1179-35" checkinTime="1694247957851" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Gao, Biao, Han, Hui-Lin, Kononenko, Vladimir S. & Pan, Zhao-Hui" docDate="2023" docId="C0854133FC925C6C8C7B4FA428762C5B" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 1179: 35-61" docOrigin="ZooKeys 1179" docPubDate="2023-09-08" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1179.107587" docTitle="Hermonassa cuprina Moore 1882" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" id="07CEAFC9849852A1AC00767783926142" lastPageNumber="35" masterDocId="07CEAFC9849852A1AC00767783926142" masterDocTitle="Five new species of the genus Hermonassa Walker, 1865 from Xizang Autonomous Region, China (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae, Noctuinae)" masterLastPageNumber="61" masterPageNumber="35" pageNumber="35" updateTime="1732603267229" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="DA692BEE1128FDBE6D45E79DBCC1D8B5">Five new species of the genus Hermonassa Walker, 1865 from Xizang Autonomous Region, China (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae, Noctuinae)</mods:title>
|
||||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||||
<mods:name id="FD2B816E2574A0D13B41A04BA42C2BA3" type="personal">
|
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<mods:role id="CC010B855D8040EA385E7B77DC5DDA11">
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<mods:roleTerm id="25E79DA0E78348FB4AE57C3CDEBDE09B">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||||
<mods:name id="335951102710D9F9AC1AC152F63E644B" type="personal">
|
||||
<mods:role id="7CEA213F59381E6E3383A9B0B3649E6B">
|
||||
<mods:roleTerm id="53616F7C619DD4ECC1C37DC0E9D2644C">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||||
</mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:namePart id="BDB8BD1DD3AD61979E2BAC7D7C2430E2">Gao, Biao</mods:namePart>
|
||||
<mods:affiliation id="117CB45C10878067F24C656E4CBF50C9">Northeast Forestry University, School of Forestry, Harbin 150040, China</mods:affiliation>
|
||||
<mods:namePart id="273DC5FF5A2127E9EEDABBD5B49B5838">Gao, Biao</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="C0854133FC925C6C8C7B4FA428762C5B" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C0854133FC925C6C8C7B4FA428762C5B" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/C0854133FC925C6C8C7B4FA428762C5B" lastPageNumber="35" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">
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<treatment id="C0854133FC925C6C8C7B4FA428762C5B" ID-GBIF-Taxon="212973837" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C0854133FC925C6C8C7B4FA428762C5B" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/C0854133FC925C6C8C7B4FA428762C5B" lastPageNumber="35" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" scope_family="Noctuidae" scope_order="Lepidoptera" scope_subFamily="Noctuinae">
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<subSubSection id="992121263924E97C45D1F14F5C7DFCCB" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="B5C321E31E89D0C6B19C1C277F74CD7B" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">
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||||
<taxonomicName id="1B4DECD45BE4E6AA45385A38CD3E388E" ID-CoL="6M3G6" LSID="C0854133-FC92-5C6C-8C7B-4FA428762C5B" authority="Moore, 1882" authorityName="Moore" authorityYear="1882" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Hermonassa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hermonassa cuprina" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cuprina">Hermonassa cuprina Moore, 1882</taxonomicName>
|
||||
|
|
@ -79,11 +79,11 @@
|
|||
<paragraph id="FE52415B03B55CD2A198EB6002317A2F" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="67E618E8C16EE02001C446A4CB7838BD" authorityName="Moore" authorityYear="1882" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Hermonassa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hermonassa cuprina" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cuprina">Hermonassa cuprina</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Moore, 1882, Descriptions of new Indian Lepidopterous Insects from the Collection of the Late Mr. W.S. Atkinson.
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="52ED70CB598DDB8AB3BFD6E74D6403D8" authorityName="Walker" authorityYear="1865" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" rank="subOrder" subOrder="Heterocera">Heterocera</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="52ED70CB598DDB8AB3BFD6E74D6403D8" authorityName="Walker" authorityYear="1865" class="Insecta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subOrder" subOrder="Heterocera">Heterocera</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(continued) (
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2CBA6421BDDC8F2B4307E4D0D6D4FDD0" authorityName="Herrich-Schaffer" authorityYear="1847" family="Cymatophoridae" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" rank="family">Cymatophoridae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2CBA6421BDDC8F2B4307E4D0D6D4FDD0" authorityName="Herrich-Schaffer" authorityYear="1847" class="Insecta" family="Cymatophoridae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Cymatophoridae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
-
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="EB101F27BB486140F2B93CB2EA5D3A06" family="Herminiidae" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" rank="family">Herminiidae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="EB101F27BB486140F2B93CB2EA5D3A06" class="Insecta" family="Herminiidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Herminiidae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
). Part II: 120;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="D48E0329CF6568C96DE94424599802F4" author="Hampson, GF" journalOrPublisher="Alfred Kernen - Verlag, Stuttgart" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" refId="B10" refString="Hampson, GF, 1903. Catalogue of the Lepidoptera Phalaenae in the British Museum. Vol. 4 (Heliothidinae, Noctuinae). London. Taylor and Francis, [xiv +] 689 pp." title="Catalogue of the Lepidoptera Phalaenae in the British Museum. Vol. 4 (Heliothidinae, Noctuinae). London. Taylor and Francis, [xiv +] 689 pp." year="1903">Hampson 1903</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: 357;
|
||||
|
|
@ -117,7 +117,7 @@ has not yet been found in China. The syntypes of this species are deposited in N
|
|||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="26C9524F5CB1944F1890A9B604F3A565" author="Poole, RW" journalOrPublisher="Brill, Leiden" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" refId="B23" refString="Poole, RW, 1989. Noctuidae. Lepidopterorum Catalogues (New Series). Fascicle 118, pt 1-3. E.J. Brill, Leiden" title="Noctuidae. Lepidopterorum Catalogues (New Series). Fascicle 118, pt 1 - 3. E. J." year="1989">Poole 1989</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
). The lectotype is not designated. For the illustration of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="AC68772093B0FA9DF688F001C8BD863B" family="Noctuidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="H. cuprina" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" rank="species" species="cuprina">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="AC68772093B0FA9DF688F001C8BD863B" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="H. cuprina" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cuprina">
|
||||
<emphasis id="87177554FEE7B28AFE8910B17FE09F42" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">H. cuprina</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(Figs
|
||||
|
|
@ -153,19 +153,19 @@ spp. The male genitalia of these species are rather uniform and characterized by
|
|||
<emphasis id="801643646A7F3F0E5BCD15B4FAB28EFB" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">Hermonassa dictyota</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
species group comprises the following four species:
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="7EA5AEBEA43B88CC71FCAF58F029AF06" family="Noctuidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="H. dictyota" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" rank="species" species="dictyota">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="7EA5AEBEA43B88CC71FCAF58F029AF06" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="H. dictyota" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dictyota">
|
||||
<emphasis id="778A315646CB19E556A4D5363E5CDAD6" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">H. dictyota</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4FEE65548A77A45C3C952CC23974BAC6" family="Noctuidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="H. legraini" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" rank="species" species="legraini">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4FEE65548A77A45C3C952CC23974BAC6" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="H. legraini" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="legraini">
|
||||
<emphasis id="AAAB7AD73267845D93BA4AD8A64FD51E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">H. legraini</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="5FD3FCF476AC5651CE0C85EAF762F06C" family="Noctuidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="H. yixincheni" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" rank="species" species="yixincheni">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="5FD3FCF476AC5651CE0C85EAF762F06C" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="H. yixincheni" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="yixincheni">
|
||||
<emphasis id="F155C2AA850748049FAF7FD9BF16D86B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">H. yixincheni</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="FB2EE3D50E4E5B1378BDCC779E71FF1A" family="Noctuidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="H. albimacula" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" rank="species" species="albimacula">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="FB2EE3D50E4E5B1378BDCC779E71FF1A" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="H. albimacula" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="albimacula">
|
||||
<emphasis id="311F7B670C154956FC82662B023C271B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">H. albimacula</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
sp. nov.
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -1,98 +1,98 @@
|
|||
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|
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<mods:title>Polyaxone monaxonids: revision of raspailiid sponges with polyactine megascleres (Cyamon and Trikentrion)</mods:title>
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<mods:title id="143BDD2249E21204960580CE95A67971">Polyaxone monaxonids: revision of raspailiid sponges with polyactine megascleres (Cyamon and Trikentrion)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart>Soest, Rob van</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart>Carballo, Jose Luis</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart>Hooper, John</mods:namePart>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="152037776" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C670EF95BF146AB082395EFF9BB9CDEE" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/C670EF95BF146AB082395EFF9BB9CDEE" lastPageId="27" lastPageNumber="28" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
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<taxonomicName LSID="http://species-id.net/wiki/Cyamon_quadriradiatum" authority="Carter, 1880" authorityName="Carter" authorityYear="1880" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon quadriradiatum" order="Axinellida" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="quadriradiatum">Cyamon quadriradiatum (Carter, 1880)</taxonomicName>
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<treatment id="C670EF95BF146AB082395EFF9BB9CDEE" ID-GBIF-Taxon="152037776" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C670EF95BF146AB082395EFF9BB9CDEE" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/C670EF95BF146AB082395EFF9BB9CDEE" lastPageId="27" lastPageNumber="28" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
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<taxonomicName id="C2236B9AD71962FCE08B7D688DC413C5" ID-CoL="32N2K" LSID="http://species-id.net/wiki/Cyamon_quadriradiatum" authority="Carter, 1880" authorityName="Carter" authorityYear="1880" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon quadriradiatum" order="Axinellida" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="quadriradiatum">Cyamon quadriradiatum (Carter, 1880)</taxonomicName>
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Fig. 14E (left)
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<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Microciona" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Microciona quadriradiata" order="Axinellida" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="quadriradiata">Microciona quadriradiata</taxonomicName>
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<bibRefCitation author="Carter, HJ" journalOrPublisher="Tetrahedron" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" title="Report on specimens dredged up from the Gulf of Manaar and presented to the Liverpool Free Museum by Capt. W. H. Cawne Warren. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (5) 6: 35 - 61, 129 - 156." url="10.1080/00222938009458893" year="1880">Carter 1880</bibRefCitation>
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<paragraph id="FFDB7B0E1F4EF208F8C53DE37AFF30C6" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
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<taxonomicName id="431BEE0E10D32A97939191B4E3F755EC" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Microciona" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Microciona quadriradiata" order="Axinellida" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="quadriradiata">Microciona quadriradiata</taxonomicName>
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||||
<bibRefCitation id="538C5C20271477DA2B6B44A52F394C31" author="Carter, HJ" journalOrPublisher="Tetrahedron" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" title="Report on specimens dredged up from the Gulf of Manaar and presented to the Liverpool Free Museum by Capt. W. H. Cawne Warren. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (5) 6: 35 - 61, 129 - 156." url="10.1080/00222938009458893" year="1880">Carter 1880</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: 42, pl. 4 fig. 4 (Gulf of Manaar, India).
|
||||
</paragraph>
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||||
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|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="26" pageNumber="27" type="material examined">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Material examined.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="26" pageNumber="27">None. Type material apparently lost from the collections of the National Museums Liverpool (Dr Ian Wallace, in litteris), no slides have been found in the Natural History Museum (Ms Emma Sherlock, in litteris).</paragraph>
|
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<subSubSection id="4941309E6A40670F35E4EDA11F352297" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" type="material examined">
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||||
<paragraph id="9D841E02468C648D2C21873CF732E909" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Material examined.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="81A9E6E0BCC3888D4C829019AA62A121" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">None. Type material apparently lost from the collections of the National Museums Liverpool (Dr Ian Wallace, in litteris), no slides have been found in the Natural History Museum (Ms Emma Sherlock, in litteris).</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection lastPageId="27" lastPageNumber="28" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Description.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph lastPageId="27" lastPageNumber="28" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="CCD198F4251663445DC44BE22FA044D6" lastPageId="27" lastPageNumber="28" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph id="25A6E742791A4552B89471D18EF0FFEF" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Description.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="4D07905159F5C1841C98D5D37DA3F951" lastPageId="27" lastPageNumber="28" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
|
||||
(From Carter, 1880). Thinly encrusting, hispid, color when dry dark brown. Spicules (Fig. 14E, left) of three kinds, long thick styles with a globular tyle
|
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<pageBreakToken pageId="27" pageNumber="28" start="start">,</pageBreakToken>
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<pageBreakToken id="AEAAFD6C47CA64EE15E6D93A9E3F4922" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" start="start">,</pageBreakToken>
|
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size given as 1042
|
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<normalizedToken id="DACA7E2149246949C821F7D25E3449D7" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
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41
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="616C1BD1DB188DC72B928288635FFBCD" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
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, short thin
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="‘crooked’">'crooked'</normalizedToken>
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||||
<normalizedToken id="8F8C365B3C6F2FD20FCC9B6860609D3E" originalValue="‘crooked’">'crooked'</normalizedToken>
|
||||
styles, length 347
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="A0B54216C4EAFC672A07356610FB89B2" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
, and robust four-claded polyactines with all cladi entirely spined, length of cladus given as 76
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="4A6EBB4102BAF64CB19F4A3C77064B91" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="distribution">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Distribution.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Gulf of Manaar, Southeastern India.</paragraph>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="9CAF8808BF51E251F7F9B004B90FF8BC" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="distribution">
|
||||
<paragraph id="DB2E123332A62DDDB30EC7BA826B2977" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Distribution.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="60AEDF17124A46430901DCDDC3B7BF43" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Gulf of Manaar, Southeastern India.</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="ecology">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Ecology.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="27" pageNumber="28">No data.</paragraph>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="709CD8995B5AA81DE6958BEBFC112C1C" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="ecology">
|
||||
<paragraph id="74AEAF025FFBA8A7E6346AF6CDB6394E" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Ecology.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="3A3B7FC4BEF634CD4123F8D2CD1CEB8D" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">No data.</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
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<subSubSection pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="discussion">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Discussion.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
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||||
<subSubSection id="788BF04FBF8AB192B428EED186BBDEE1" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="C517E9FA8675FAC11CA8C219D090B76A" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Discussion.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="5ABD6401D92CBCFFD332618EBC5083F1" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
|
||||
This species needs redescription, but the long thick styles in combination with the densely spinous polyactines appear sufficiently distinct. Nevertheless there is a resemblance to the polyactines of
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon aruense" order="Axinellida" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="aruense">Cyamon aruense</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="58ECE898644AA82108867D49BF502F55" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon aruense" order="Axinellida" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="aruense">Cyamon aruense</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, see above.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
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</subSubSection>
|
||||
|
|
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|||
|
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@ -1,573 +1,573 @@
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<mods:namePart id="64B1136C0B30D0B1A614E1799B2433F4">Carballo, Jose Luis</mods:namePart>
|
||||
</mods:name>
|
||||
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|
||||
<mods:role>
|
||||
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|
||||
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|
||||
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|
||||
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|
||||
</mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:namePart>Hooper, John</mods:namePart>
|
||||
<mods:namePart id="04939748044F9BE0113EF369D4FD00F0">Hooper, John</mods:namePart>
|
||||
</mods:name>
|
||||
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|
||||
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|
||||
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|
||||
<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
|
||||
<mods:typeOfResource id="E9019977089F22D4BE895E40BA9D2641">text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
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||||
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|
||||
<mods:title id="7A64332F7DBD3F6E288C1B21C36B2E49">ZooKeys</mods:title>
|
||||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||||
<mods:part>
|
||||
<mods:date>2012</mods:date>
|
||||
<mods:detail type="volume">
|
||||
<mods:number>239</mods:number>
|
||||
<mods:part id="A14D37CECF6C5F636DC8D28CF9BC5255">
|
||||
<mods:date id="5737C280A9602263925F454339B7B9CB">2012</mods:date>
|
||||
<mods:detail id="F968913B536CBE7FA3BF250F3654388E" type="volume">
|
||||
<mods:number id="D468B6A66B3EE8F6CBAEFFC8EAAC7848">239</mods:number>
|
||||
</mods:detail>
|
||||
<mods:extent unit="page">
|
||||
<mods:start>1</mods:start>
|
||||
<mods:end>70</mods:end>
|
||||
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|
||||
<mods:start id="4C664322B8C50962370DA0CE648F5859">1</mods:start>
|
||||
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|
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|
||||
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|
||||
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||||
<mods:location>
|
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<mods:location id="47979F6311CC9022D9D213E9E747408E">
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<mods:url id="3522809CEBB71F0E5744D424631562FE">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.239.3734</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
|
||||
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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||||
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.239.3734</mods:identifier>
|
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|
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="152037779" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:E964DEE112040A3A1BF9F04EA7E218BC" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/E964DEE112040A3A1BF9F04EA7E218BC" lastPageId="37" lastPageNumber="38" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="31" pageNumber="32" type="nomenclature">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
|
||||
<taxonomicName LSID="http://species-id.net/wiki/Trikentrion_muricatum" authority="Pallas, 1766" authorityName="Pallas" authorityYear="1766" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Trikentrion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trikentrion muricatum" order="Axinellida" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="muricatum">Trikentrion muricatum (Pallas, 1766)</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<treatment id="E964DEE112040A3A1BF9F04EA7E218BC" ID-GBIF-Taxon="152037779" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:E964DEE112040A3A1BF9F04EA7E218BC" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/E964DEE112040A3A1BF9F04EA7E218BC" lastPageId="37" lastPageNumber="38" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="5CDCCBE9C56C045BC512846AE9FDA222" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" type="nomenclature">
|
||||
<paragraph id="092638B5FC79666C7EAF5CD8EDA53071" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="D80B3F3792FDBBC97A6B722DC0A8FB1F" ID-CoL="58TTF" LSID="http://species-id.net/wiki/Trikentrion_muricatum" authority="Pallas, 1766" authorityName="Pallas" authorityYear="1766" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Trikentrion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trikentrion muricatum" order="Axinellida" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="muricatum">Trikentrion muricatum (Pallas, 1766)</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Figs 17
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="A–D">A-D</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="055286B47A58ACCDB9E7237F9C90F25E" originalValue="A–D">A-D</normalizedToken>
|
||||
, 18
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="A–E">A-E</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="8997C946A35FF825D3DADEE61593F138" originalValue="A–E">A-E</normalizedToken>
|
||||
, 19
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="A–D">A-D</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="A9FCA668A79842EE5602551D894A91D9" originalValue="A–D">A-D</normalizedToken>
|
||||
, 20
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="A–D">A-D</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="ADBCDE447F4739D9B876B5BA0AC61478" originalValue="A–D">A-D</normalizedToken>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="31" pageNumber="32" type="reference_group">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Spongiidae" genus="Spongia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Spongia muricata" order="Dictyoceratida" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="muricata">Spongia muricata</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Pallas, PS" journalOrPublisher="P van Cleef, The Hague" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" title="Elenchus zoophytorum sistens generum adumbrations generaliores et specierum cognitarum succinctas descriptiones cum selectis auctorum synonymis." url="10.5962/bhl.title.6595" year="1766">Pallas 1766</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="7CA1D4AFCB730D624AE4956F38031178" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" type="reference_group">
|
||||
<paragraph id="FF298EF9EBE0E7811BADD281887C1CE6" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="390D75F3E1C78DEC2926A2DB78735AA5" class="Demospongiae" family="Spongiidae" genus="Spongia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Spongia muricata" order="Dictyoceratida" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="muricata">Spongia muricata</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="969F15C60730F4004570219FE3DAD202" author="Pallas, PS" journalOrPublisher="P van Cleef, The Hague" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" title="Elenchus zoophytorum sistens generum adumbrations generaliores et specierum cognitarum succinctas descriptiones cum selectis auctorum synonymis." url="10.5962/bhl.title.6595" year="1766">Pallas 1766</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: 389 (referring to
|
||||
<bibRefCitation pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Seba 1734-65</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="7C2B7FB94CEEAD84A8E3D28DBACD4918" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Seba 1734-65</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
, volume III pl. 99 fig. 7, Ghana);
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Esper, ECJ" journalOrPublisher="Zweyter Theil. Raspe, Nuernberg" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" title="Die Pflanzenthiere in Abbildungen nach der Natur mit Farben erleuchtet, nebst Beschreibungen." year="1794">Esper 1794</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="07D7C658F38EEDE4ED54281CEF7CC294" author="Esper, ECJ" journalOrPublisher="Zweyter Theil. Raspe, Nuernberg" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" title="Die Pflanzenthiere in Abbildungen nach der Natur mit Farben erleuchtet, nebst Beschreibungen." year="1794">Esper 1794</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: 185, pl. 3 (Ghana).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
|
||||
<paragraph id="577B20BB93740BBE97C2FF25E5C0364B" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
|
||||
(not:
|
||||
<bibRefCitation pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Linnaeus 1759</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="3774A1D8A92C45C8B5819D233966E1AD" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Linnaeus 1759</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: 1348;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation pageId="31" pageNumber="32">1767</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="5F60B0EF1AF1C60451D4FE06F033CCFE" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">1767</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: 1298 = unrecognizable; nec:
|
||||
<bibRefCitation pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Lamarck 1814</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="A1D6B0096C6A204EC8FC7E9F6C956272" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Lamarck 1814</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: 448 =
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Raspailia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Raspailia hispida" order="Axinellida" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="hispida">Raspailia hispida</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="B40F7D869594C9363DBB3094B60E3411" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Raspailia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Raspailia hispida" order="Axinellida" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="hispida">Raspailia hispida</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, cf.
|
||||
<bibRefCitation pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Topsent 1932</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="7281BDC7B1E84237B64F64F9EC4F4D76" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Topsent 1932</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: 107).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Unnamed branched tuberculated sponge; Ellis, 1766: pl. 11 fig. F (West Africa).</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Calcarea" family="Baeriidae" genus="Spongia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Spongia echidnea" order="Baerida" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="echidnea">? Spongia echidnea</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<paragraph id="C77519E3FCAEF83CA5D73A6CFA07AE5E" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Unnamed branched tuberculated sponge; Ellis, 1766: pl. 11 fig. F (West Africa).</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="9887E07BCF8A117BE7373BD1DC69CB11" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="6024B596983AA7A66E6B5C9E14662F96" class="Calcarea" family="Baeriidae" genus="Spongia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Spongia echidnea" order="Baerida" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="echidnea">? Spongia echidnea</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Lamarck, 1814: 448 (West Africa).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Trikentrion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trikentrion muricatum" order="Axinellida" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="muricatum">Trikentrion muricatum</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<paragraph id="57F33E9AFA852B68354CDFB71694A2C1" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="593BF7559367EE4428CEF5E7CED46615" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Trikentrion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trikentrion muricatum" order="Axinellida" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="muricatum">Trikentrion muricatum</taxonomicName>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Ehlers, E" journalOrPublisher="Universitaet Erlangen. ET Jacob, Erlangen" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" title="Die Esper'schen Spongien in der zoologischen Sammlung der K." year="1870">Ehlers 1870</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="D8339D1C12660FB81BAC20E48CA36F7B" author="Ehlers, E" journalOrPublisher="Universitaet Erlangen. ET Jacob, Erlangen" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" title="Die Esper'schen Spongien in der zoologischen Sammlung der K." year="1870">Ehlers 1870</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: 6;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Carter, HJ" journalOrPublisher="Tetrahedron" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" title="Contributions to our knowledge of the Spongida. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (5) 3: 284 - 304, 343 - 360." url="10.1080/00222937908562401" year="1879">Carter 1879</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="9F51DCF99E254AC1038EA7ECED23B9C4" author="Carter, HJ" journalOrPublisher="Tetrahedron" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" title="Contributions to our knowledge of the Spongida. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (5) 3: 284 - 304, 343 - 360." url="10.1080/00222937908562401" year="1879">Carter 1879</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: 293, pl. 27 fig. 13 (Ghana);
|
||||
<bibRefCitation pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Burton 1956</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="2F8231F5B92160AB05A2AAF697D9090C" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Burton 1956</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: 133, 142 (Ghana);
|
||||
<bibRefCitation pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Hooper 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EA5E20721BAC1E3917A0A174E31ABFEA" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Hooper 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: 499, figs 18A-G.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Plectronella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Plectronella papillosa" order="Axinellida" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="papillosa">Plectronella papillosa</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Sollas, WJ" journalOrPublisher="Occasional Papers of the Allan Hancock Foundation" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" title="On Plectronella papillosa, a new genus and species of echinonematous sponge. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (5) 3: 17 - 27." url="10.1080/00222937908682472" year="1879">Sollas 1879</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<paragraph id="6B503B95381538223A5351ABB532A271" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="B4A8A1CA5E077BDA92858D9F373CA40D" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Plectronella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Plectronella papillosa" order="Axinellida" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="papillosa">Plectronella papillosa</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="15AFDD5AB21B11BBE56942962EAC1D2F" author="Sollas, WJ" journalOrPublisher="Occasional Papers of the Allan Hancock Foundation" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" title="On Plectronella papillosa, a new genus and species of echinonematous sponge. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (5) 3: 17 - 27." url="10.1080/00222937908682472" year="1879">Sollas 1879</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: 17, pls 4-5.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Axinellidae" genus="Ptilocaulis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ptilocaulis echidnaeus" order="Axinellida" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="echidnaeus">? Ptilocaulis echidnaeus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<paragraph id="EEA756156E9ECD783D76A826129205CB" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="B7BDC10F228CC9E9BCB99BE0319011B0" class="Demospongiae" family="Axinellidae" genus="Ptilocaulis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ptilocaulis echidnaeus" order="Axinellida" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="echidnaeus">? Ptilocaulis echidnaeus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Topsent 1932</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF53B72E3BFCD29E191768D7D7BCBAF" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Topsent 1932</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: 108, pl. III fig. 3.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection lastPageId="35" lastPageNumber="36" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" type="remarks">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Remarks.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="D90AFD65A94F320BC2F0E7FBD1BF0C9A" lastPageId="35" lastPageNumber="36" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" type="remarks">
|
||||
<paragraph id="2537D204432B53DF08FEA664C96C6B11" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Remarks.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="FC06C16EA3E0B98CA73DFE6279FA812C" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
|
||||
The identity of the sponge named
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Spongiidae" genus="Spongia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Spongia muricata" order="Dictyoceratida" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="muricata">Spongia muricata</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="FB0399E8719C7D029D1B907EA7C324EE" class="Demospongiae" family="Spongiidae" genus="Spongia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Spongia muricata" order="Dictyoceratida" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="muricata">Spongia muricata</taxonomicName>
|
||||
by Pallas, which is assumed to be the type species of
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Trikentrion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trikentrion" order="Axinellida" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">Trikentrion</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="176B4514135BABFA41F9C94F492EF096" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Trikentrion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trikentrion" order="Axinellida" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">Trikentrion</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, is not straightforward. The first use of the name combination stems from
|
||||
<bibRefCitation pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Linnaeus (1759</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="85CE1635AF529F0CE1A7E12C6D8EB7BF" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Linnaeus (1759</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: 1348), who described it as:
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph lastPageId="33" lastPageNumber="34" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
|
||||
<paragraph id="0CA37E95CF86841EAE527076DCB9C654" lastPageId="33" lastPageNumber="34" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
|
||||
S. ramosissima, poris cylindricis subulatis prominentibus aequalibus multifidis hispidis, without further indication of where it had been collected or by whom. The Latin name muricata is generally considered to mean spined (after the name of a mollusk (
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Muricidae" genus="Murex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Murex" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Murex</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="66D4D4F0A19C991F4CEBE57404510659" class="Gastropoda" family="Muricidae" genus="Murex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Murex" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Murex</taxonomicName>
|
||||
) yielding a purple dye, cf.
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Brown, RW" journalOrPublisher="Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, D. C." pageId="50" pageNumber="51" title="Composition of scientific words. Revised edition, 1956. Reprinted 1985." year="1985">Brown 1985</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="9B371CFE06DAD41A80F768C007BB6987" author="Brown, RW" journalOrPublisher="Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, D. C." pageId="50" pageNumber="51" title="Composition of scientific words. Revised edition, 1956. Reprinted 1985." year="1985">Brown 1985</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
), for sponges a hardly distinguishing feature. The description speaks of cylindrical pores, which is quite vague, and this character does not occur in any specimen discussed in this paragraph and below.
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Pallas, PS" journalOrPublisher="P van Cleef, The Hague" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" title="Elenchus zoophytorum sistens generum adumbrations generaliores et specierum cognitarum succinctas descriptiones cum selectis auctorum synonymis." url="10.5962/bhl.title.6595" year="1766">Pallas (1766</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="6E03FC0AE960F5A1BCE4FD4F07D633C0" author="Pallas, PS" journalOrPublisher="P van Cleef, The Hague" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" title="Elenchus zoophytorum sistens generum adumbrations generaliores et specierum cognitarum succinctas descriptiones cum selectis auctorum synonymis." url="10.5962/bhl.title.6595" year="1766">Pallas (1766</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: 389), employed the name combination also, but indicated and described the sponge figured in
|
||||
<bibRefCitation pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Seba’s">Seba's</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="513547A28B9042819BBFE905F75A034F" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="036FAC8CB6FAA3C562A43A136EAA76DD" originalValue="Seba’s">Seba's</normalizedToken>
|
||||
(1734-1765)
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
volume 3 pl. 99 fig. 7 as representing his
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Spongiidae" genus="Spongia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Spongia muricata" order="Dictyoceratida" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="muricata">Spongia muricata</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="78E7DB59C6AB61D7896EB2E290F4B407" class="Demospongiae" family="Spongiidae" genus="Spongia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Spongia muricata" order="Dictyoceratida" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="muricata">Spongia muricata</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. Pallas did not refer to
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Linnaeus’">Linnaeus'</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="8F5CB3491D39FB8559AB7261077A64CB" originalValue="Linnaeus’">Linnaeus'</normalizedToken>
|
||||
name, nor did his description remind in any aspect of
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Linnaeus’">Linnaeus'</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="4F852FC58602D4034A4052A44CC6FC6F" originalValue="Linnaeus’">Linnaeus'</normalizedToken>
|
||||
description.
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Seba’s">Seba's</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="0F117808605E72C14F56601B50559F3C" originalValue="Seba’s">Seba's</normalizedToken>
|
||||
figure is here reproduced in Fig. 17A,
|
||||
<pageBreakToken pageId="32" pageNumber="33" start="start">and</pageBreakToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Pallas’s">Pallas's</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<pageBreakToken id="F89EA2996DA81C701E5343C444107A28" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" start="start">and</pageBreakToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="B69FE8578B443025B25DB9BE0D3EE91D" originalValue="Pallas’s">Pallas's</normalizedToken>
|
||||
description in Fig. 17C. Pallas also quoted Elmina on the coast of Guinea (now Ghana) as the locality of the specimen based on
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Seba’s">Seba's</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="72617731705FE5409C9AC575D682831B" originalValue="Seba’s">Seba's</normalizedToken>
|
||||
information. In the same year (or perhaps one year before),
|
||||
<bibRefCitation pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Ellis (1765-1766)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="0E8D03924934FA7FF36CF6B62D5AD227" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Ellis (1765-1766)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
, pictured a similar sponge (a branched tuberculated sponge here reproduced in Fig. 17B), stating that it originated from the Cape Coast Castle in Africa (which could very well be the same locality Elmina), but not naming it. In his 1767 edition, Linnaeus again described
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Spongiidae" genus="Spongia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Spongia muricata" order="Dictyoceratida" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="muricata">
|
||||
<pageBreakToken pageId="33" pageNumber="34" start="start">Spongia</pageBreakToken>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="01CA183461F2FCAAF3DCA5DE6FF2223F" class="Demospongiae" family="Spongiidae" genus="Spongia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Spongia muricata" order="Dictyoceratida" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="muricata">
|
||||
<pageBreakToken id="387662428DE8ED6770F400F484572ADA" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" start="start">Spongia</pageBreakToken>
|
||||
muricata
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, replacing the first word of the 1759 edition,
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Calcarea" family="Baeriidae" genus="Spongia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Spongia ramosissima" order="Baerida" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="ramosissima">Spongia ramosissima</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="6ADAE77A761E07B07DA7BA5351FDA2D0" class="Calcarea" family="Baeriidae" genus="Spongia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Spongia ramosissima" order="Baerida" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="ramosissima">Spongia ramosissima</taxonomicName>
|
||||
by the text S. foraminulata ramosissima angulata tenax, followed by the same words as previously (reaffirming the unrecognizable shape of the sponge). He also added that it originated from O. Aethiopico (Indian Ocean). He now gave three sources for his record of this species, viz. Mus. Tessin 118, plate II figure 1,
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Seba’s">Seba's</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="51D4D97DB1DF2C0A5B43502103BDE5A0" originalValue="Seba’s">Seba's</normalizedToken>
|
||||
volume 3 plate 99 fig. 7, and
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Pallas’">Pallas'</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="782C4114B4A6389BC9F266BC0BC12607" originalValue="Pallas’">Pallas'</normalizedToken>
|
||||
record. Finally, Gmelin in
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Linnaeus, C" journalOrPublisher="Gmelin" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" pagination="2225 - 3910" title="Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus differentiis, synonymis, locis. Editio decima tertia, aucta reformata. G. E. Beer, Lipsiae. Cura J. F." volume="1" year="1788">Linnaeus 1788</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="187BE2CA8978F00A5678579D28A69C74" author="Linnaeus, C" journalOrPublisher="Gmelin" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" pagination="2225 - 3910" title="Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus differentiis, synonymis, locis. Editio decima tertia, aucta reformata. G. E. Beer, Lipsiae. Cura J. F." volume="1" year="1788">Linnaeus 1788</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: 3821, admits that the species is from
|
||||
<taxonomicName genus="Guineae" lsidName="Guineae littorea" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" rank="species" species="littorea">Guineae littorea</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="A41B77A391BE3CDDDAD6B2F6EE5E907D" genus="Guineae" lsidName="Guineae littorea" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" rank="species" species="littorea">Guineae littorea</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, quoting a.o.
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Pallas, PS" journalOrPublisher="P van Cleef, The Hague" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" title="Elenchus zoophytorum sistens generum adumbrations generaliores et specierum cognitarum succinctas descriptiones cum selectis auctorum synonymis." url="10.5962/bhl.title.6595" year="1766">Pallas (1766)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="BBB71457DFDD0B295CF179C817382BBC" author="Pallas, PS" journalOrPublisher="P van Cleef, The Hague" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" title="Elenchus zoophytorum sistens generum adumbrations generaliores et specierum cognitarum succinctas descriptiones cum selectis auctorum synonymis." url="10.5962/bhl.title.6595" year="1766">Pallas (1766)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<bibRefCitation pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Linnaeus (1767)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="F173709044565C804D02362C3BBB3CAC" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Linnaeus (1767)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
, but remarkably omitted any reference to
|
||||
<bibRefCitation pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Linnaeus (1759)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="AA7754DC48E83B658506AFD762FE5DCC" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Linnaeus (1759)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
.
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Linnaeus’">Linnaeus'</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="E20E6E767E33057B9C99A903D58025AA" originalValue="Linnaeus’">Linnaeus'</normalizedToken>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Pallas’">Pallas'</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="EE03962E34B366F186E88198E3D32B92" originalValue="Pallas’">Pallas'</normalizedToken>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Seba’s">Seba's</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="E43A6BEA707112633D11E8EF014FF214" originalValue="Seba’s">Seba's</normalizedToken>
|
||||
) specimens of
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Spongiidae" genus="Spongia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Spongia muricata" order="Dictyoceratida" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="muricata">Spongia muricata</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="C8CB98476065E2F239EDB1A4558039DC" class="Demospongiae" family="Spongiidae" genus="Spongia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Spongia muricata" order="Dictyoceratida" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="muricata">Spongia muricata</taxonomicName>
|
||||
have never been identified in later collections (but see below), and their identity remains a matter of speculation. In 1794, Esper extensively described
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Spongiidae" genus="Spongia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Spongia muricata" order="Dictyoceratida" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="muricata">Spongia muricata</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="B51B010F01C666DAD73B80B38DB186E1" class="Demospongiae" family="Spongiidae" genus="Spongia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Spongia muricata" order="Dictyoceratida" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="muricata">Spongia muricata</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and his figure is here reproduced in Fig. 17D. This time, the specimen, stated to be from
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Leptotyphlopidae" genus="Guinea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Guinea" order="Squamata" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Guinea</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="AD79F56AE36A98B74A2592139B281504" genus="Guinea" lsidName="Guinea" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" rank="genus">Guinea</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, from cliffs near Elmina (= Ghana), was still extant in the collections of the University of Erlangen (Germany) in 1870, when Ehlers revised some of
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Esper’s">Esper's</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="C2E2703BB27B7465D3FCDB786E5A81E6" originalValue="Esper’s">Esper's</normalizedToken>
|
||||
specimens (Ehlers, 1870). He detected the triactine spicules and erected the genus
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Trikentrion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trikentrion" order="Axinellida" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">Trikentrion</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="7E09295FCB8F27B781174C090D9D8E40" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Trikentrion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trikentrion" order="Axinellida" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">Trikentrion</taxonomicName>
|
||||
for it. His description included some measurements of the spicules: oxeas 354-414
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="EDF6736D1391CCEFC9ACEBE26E61EEB8" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
16
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="8F3156CCE4E637A145F93034A9FF1496" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
, and polyactines, with basal cladi 95
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="26DA0ECC68C13B9CB3AB9FFB9E92977E" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
and lateral cladi 72
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="C2AD308AD15609B36618396566AB3790" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
, which data conform closely with those presented below for the species. However, since
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Ehlers’">Ehlers'</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="7B831D35B8946121BA0760C28306F147" originalValue="Ehlers’">Ehlers'</normalizedToken>
|
||||
redescription, the whereabouts of the Esper material is unknown and it must be assumed lost.
|
||||
<bibRefCitation pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Lamarck (1814</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="08AAB6B4AAF7379124B4DFE93C85C3E9" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Lamarck (1814</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: 448) misinterpreted
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Spongiidae" genus="Spongia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Spongia muricata" order="Dictyoceratida" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="muricata">Spongia muricata</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="408E4BF0F6CCEBD8CF4D897F806EA706" class="Demospongiae" family="Spongiidae" genus="Spongia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Spongia muricata" order="Dictyoceratida" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="muricata">Spongia muricata</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and his material was assigned to
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Raspailia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Raspailia hispida" order="Axinellida" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="hispida">Raspailia hispida</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="7ECA5F7276B1A49E47C5C111B30C487A" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Raspailia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Raspailia hispida" order="Axinellida" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="hispida">Raspailia hispida</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(Montagu, 1818) by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Topsent (1932</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="54D19397FC06E96584EC2CF10AF67E09" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Topsent (1932</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: 107). Possibly,
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Calcarea" family="Baeriidae" genus="Spongia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Spongia echidnea" order="Baerida" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="echidnea">Spongia echidnea</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="41F1B8FCB7643F727E515FA7A81E092A" class="Calcarea" family="Baeriidae" genus="Spongia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Spongia echidnea" order="Baerida" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="echidnea">Spongia echidnea</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Lamarck, 1814 is a junior synonym of
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Spongiidae" genus="Spongia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Spongia muricata" order="Dictyoceratida" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="muricata">Spongia muricata</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="F0B71BCE214A68640F83AFAB65F85CB0" class="Demospongiae" family="Spongiidae" genus="Spongia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Spongia muricata" order="Dictyoceratida" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="muricata">Spongia muricata</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Pallas, because the redescription and figured specimen of
|
||||
<bibRefCitation pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Topsent (1932</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="E14D0931AB03C62E72C9B5B5C8545E49" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Topsent (1932</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: 108, as
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Axinellidae" genus="Ptilocaulis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ptilocaulis echidnaeus" order="Axinellida" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="echidnaeus">Ptilocaulis echidnaeus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="A5CDB9B6ACB8E159184E3EA117F2C0CB" class="Demospongiae" family="Axinellidae" genus="Ptilocaulis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ptilocaulis echidnaeus" order="Axinellida" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="echidnaeus">Ptilocaulis echidnaeus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
) reminds rather strongly of it. However, Topsent fails to mention the presence of polyactine spicules.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
|
||||
<paragraph id="15870DEE45BB4E9FDEBEBDE903C5D45E" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
|
||||
To conclude: the identity of
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Spongiidae" genus="Spongia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Spongia muricata" order="Dictyoceratida" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="muricata">Spongia muricata</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="1C38CA09240970DDF25E8DAC5BEAE96F" class="Demospongiae" family="Spongiidae" genus="Spongia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Spongia muricata" order="Dictyoceratida" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="muricata">Spongia muricata</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is not unequivocal, primarily due to the unrecognizable description of
|
||||
<bibRefCitation pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Linnaeus (1759)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="0A353D8B67F7D453D78D8952BB55A383" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Linnaeus (1759)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
and the likelihood that he used the name for an unknown species from the Indian Ocean.
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Pallas’">Pallas'</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="49522D5CED310FE84709D9C4408B0061" originalValue="Pallas’">Pallas'</normalizedToken>
|
||||
description in combination with
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Seba’s">Seba's</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="23298B50D6E37F7C6753BE46E809A597" originalValue="Seba’s">Seba's</normalizedToken>
|
||||
figure make it likely that his
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Spongiidae" genus="Spongia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Spongia muricata" order="Dictyoceratida" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="muricata">Spongia muricata</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="8A95841A191C203B65C6CFC03532D8D1" class="Demospongiae" family="Spongiidae" genus="Spongia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Spongia muricata" order="Dictyoceratida" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="muricata">Spongia muricata</taxonomicName>
|
||||
indeed is what we now know as
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Trikentrion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trikentrion muricatum" order="Axinellida" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="muricatum">Trikentrion muricatum</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="A43DCC55E16BDBB5B808BA1B5AFADBBD" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Trikentrion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trikentrion muricatum" order="Axinellida" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="muricatum">Trikentrion muricatum</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, but uncertainty reigns due to the fact that only
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Esper’s">Esper's</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="5021A99DA6D80ACA9B01FFB18CA10C2A" originalValue="Esper’s">Esper's</normalizedToken>
|
||||
, not
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Pallas’">Pallas'</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="0E34828FC9581A8A8BD53FE88DE8EC43" originalValue="Pallas’">Pallas'</normalizedToken>
|
||||
, material was shown to possess the synapomorphy of the polyactine spicules. It appears highly necessary to fix
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Spongiidae" genus="Spongia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Spongia muricata" order="Dictyoceratida" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="muricata">Spongia muricata</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="6AEF51CD037F830657C1542B30384B1C" class="Demospongiae" family="Spongiidae" genus="Spongia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Spongia muricata" order="Dictyoceratida" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="muricata">Spongia muricata</taxonomicName>
|
||||
as a
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Trikentrion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trikentrion" order="Axinellida" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">Trikentrion</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4542F705C121AA292720E342E10BC656" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Trikentrion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trikentrion" order="Axinellida" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">Trikentrion</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, by assigning a neotype. In the absence of any topotypical fresh material of the species we are forced to choose dry old collection material.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
|
||||
<paragraph id="EC9DAC90A6FA29B6CFE148CA504E2250" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
|
||||
A likely candidate is the assumed type of
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Trikentrion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trikentrion muricata" order="Axinellida" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="muricata">Trikentrion muricata</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="8C0F123C72809321BB8F4D53D285FC38" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Trikentrion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trikentrion muricata" order="Axinellida" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="muricata">Trikentrion muricata</taxonomicName>
|
||||
housed in the Natural History Museum, London, BMNH 1872.10.19.1 (see Fig. 18A), with schizotype ZMB 7160, on the basis of which
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Carter, HJ" journalOrPublisher="Tetrahedron" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" title="Contributions to our knowledge of the Spongida. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (5) 3: 284 - 304, 343 - 360." url="10.1080/00222937908562401" year="1879">Carter (1879)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="A335FF5687156942DA332146AA70C718" author="Carter, HJ" journalOrPublisher="Tetrahedron" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" title="Contributions to our knowledge of the Spongida. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (5) 3: 284 - 304, 343 - 360." url="10.1080/00222937908562401" year="1879">Carter (1879)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
redescribed and illustrated the species
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Trikentrion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trikentrion muricatum" order="Axinellida" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="muricatum">Trikentrion muricatum</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="91FEDEFE2758DA3CBC82A0221C59B147" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Trikentrion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trikentrion muricatum" order="Axinellida" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="muricatum">Trikentrion muricatum</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, and which subsequently formed the basis of the Systema Porifera entry of the genus and its type species. This is not likely to be
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Seba’s">Seba's</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="F41F0DD14DA344F0B65F0ED822B6C728" originalValue="Seba’s">Seba's</normalizedToken>
|
||||
specimen, nor
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Esper’s">Esper's</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="B322992138FDEDA3FDAAD98D81B7DA46" originalValue="Esper’s">Esper's</normalizedToken>
|
||||
because the locality data (though from Ghana as well) do not indicate Elmina. In addition to this specimen, the Natural History Museum collections incorporate a schizotype of
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Spongiidae" genus="Spongia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Spongia muricata" order="Dictyoceratida" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="muricata">Spongia muricata</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="F2710D91E7A9F7B6C67023502D15FEA7" class="Demospongiae" family="Spongiidae" genus="Spongia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Spongia muricata" order="Dictyoceratida" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="muricata">Spongia muricata</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, Coast of Guinea, BMNH 1954.2.20.93, which appears unimportant for the present choice of neotype because it is not a
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Trikentrion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trikentrion" order="Axinellida" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">Trikentrion</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2564A4290EE8AA607F45F18861B5B4BB" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Trikentrion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trikentrion" order="Axinellida" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">Trikentrion</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, but an unidentified species of
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Axinellidae" genus="Axinella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Axinella" order="Axinellida" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">Axinella</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="B71E5F2CDA62DDD4441F97D314F3B58F" class="Demospongiae" family="Axinellidae" genus="Axinella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Axinella" order="Axinellida" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">Axinella</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Schmidt, 1862.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
|
||||
<pageBreakToken pageId="34" pageNumber="35" start="start">The</pageBreakToken>
|
||||
<paragraph id="80FC8CF3D9EFA1CDE1E9B917374CA677" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
|
||||
<pageBreakToken id="ACFE3184D94F3DA8DBC721398ECE3F9E" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" start="start">The</pageBreakToken>
|
||||
choice of a neotype again is complicated due to a recent discovery in the collections of the Naturalis Biodiversity Center at Leiden (NBC) of four old collection specimens, RMNH Por. 306 and 309, and ZMA Por. 02545 and 02546, which are sufficiently similar to
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Seba’s">Seba's</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="1DC0F115F9F02317AE4D17E87C9F260D" originalValue="Seba’s">Seba's</normalizedToken>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Esper’s">Esper's</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="987186F370C6B631B5F685DDA320259F" originalValue="Esper’s">Esper's</normalizedToken>
|
||||
plates to raise the suspicion that they could belong to one of the original specimens of
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Spongiidae" genus="Spongia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Spongia muricata" order="Dictyoceratida" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="muricata">Spongia muricata</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="004ECC600BAF734162F228D9CBA1E169" class="Demospongiae" family="Spongiidae" genus="Spongia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Spongia muricata" order="Dictyoceratida" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="muricata">Spongia muricata</taxonomicName>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
|
||||
<paragraph id="11BA6D646E6A6E244512B69B063D8CB5" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
|
||||
RMNH Por. 309 (see Fig. 18B) is labeled Raspailia xerampelina (Lmk)? type (Spongia --- Lmk) without further information, and this specimen bears an overall strong likeness to
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Seba’s">Seba's</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="594A00A1422CC93F146F754F428B1459" originalValue="Seba’s">Seba's</normalizedToken>
|
||||
plate. RMNH Por. 306 (see Fig. 18C) is labeled Raspailia hispida (Mont.) type van Spongia muricata Lmk, Mus. Parijs, Kust van
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Guinée">Guinee</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="1B8FDFA56918534ECB0A857AD72ADE28" originalValue="Guinée">Guinee</normalizedToken>
|
||||
(translation: type of Spongia muricata Lamarck, from the Paris Museum, Coast of Guinea). If the specimen is compared to the plate of
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Spongiidae" genus="Spongia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Spongia muricata" order="Dictyoceratida" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="muricata">Spongia muricata</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="511D05BF97FB1C0B55FE6B087C549ADE" class="Demospongiae" family="Spongiidae" genus="Spongia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Spongia muricata" order="Dictyoceratida" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="muricata">Spongia muricata</taxonomicName>
|
||||
of Esper one is compelled by the overall likeness of the two (though it is not an exact likeness). ZMA Por. 02545 (see Fig. 18D) is labeled Halichondria echidnaea Lmk no. 55 Kust van Guinea, ZMA Por. 02546 (see Fig. 18E) is labeled Halichondria echidnaea Lam / muricata Esper fide Lamouroux no. 62 Kust van Guinea. Both ZMA specimens bear some resemblance to
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Seba’s">Seba's</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="2C472C3C3CD854C3CF8E4CF3C44B17B7" originalValue="Seba’s">Seba's</normalizedToken>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Esper’s">Esper's</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="F4BB51856058BA5BC78FC33C68029B73" originalValue="Esper’s">Esper's</normalizedToken>
|
||||
plates.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
|
||||
<paragraph id="04C721FD6821EBBA19FCC401A177D2A4" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
|
||||
The skeleton and spicules of all five specimens conform with the descriptions of
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Ehlers, E" journalOrPublisher="Universitaet Erlangen. ET Jacob, Erlangen" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" title="Die Esper'schen Spongien in der zoologischen Sammlung der K." year="1870">Ehlers (1870)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="A1CD7A234E3F2F26B57044C8D867B6E0" author="Ehlers, E" journalOrPublisher="Universitaet Erlangen. ET Jacob, Erlangen" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" title="Die Esper'schen Spongien in der zoologischen Sammlung der K." year="1870">Ehlers (1870)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Carter, HJ" journalOrPublisher="Tetrahedron" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" title="Contributions to our knowledge of the Spongida. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (5) 3: 284 - 304, 343 - 360." url="10.1080/00222937908562401" year="1879">Carter (1879)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="245304E11AE39DF766FCEF9B6A1D2C06" author="Carter, HJ" journalOrPublisher="Tetrahedron" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" title="Contributions to our knowledge of the Spongida. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (5) 3: 284 - 304, 343 - 360." url="10.1080/00222937908562401" year="1879">Carter (1879)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
|
||||
<paragraph id="4CCE7ADA918DB557111B9DE38F8BD18D" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
|
||||
The reason for the names on the labels of the specimens of the NBC and the referral to the Paris Museum is explained in
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Holthuis, LB" journalOrPublisher="Karstens Drukkers BV, Leiden" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" title="1820 - 1958 Rijksmuseum van Natuurlijke Historie." year="1995">Holthuis (1995)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="E72D76FC2FA5F21C982B03FAA305AC16" author="Holthuis, LB" journalOrPublisher="Karstens Drukkers BV, Leiden" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" title="1820 - 1958 Rijksmuseum van Natuurlijke Historie." year="1995">Holthuis (1995)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: during the French occupation in 1795 of the Republic of Holland in the Napoleontic period, Dutch collections were confiscated and relocated to the Paris Museum. Some time after the end of the emperorship of Napoleon in 1815, negotiations between The Netherlands and France resulted in a donation of specimens, notably duplicates from
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Lamarck’s">Lamarck's</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="67EB97BC4F9C2B71913F76EDDF9CA858" originalValue="Lamarck’s">Lamarck's</normalizedToken>
|
||||
collection, to the then founded Rijksmuseum of Natural History at Leiden. Dozens of sponge specimens labeled with
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Lamarck’s">Lamarck's</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="F7F7E98D806F409CDEB1DD6B11C89FA2" originalValue="Lamarck’s">Lamarck's</normalizedToken>
|
||||
names are incorporated in the RMNH collections, but because the redescription of
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Lamarck’s">Lamarck's</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="F87ED17B4B47DFA7688E4941D373BE45" originalValue="Lamarck’s">Lamarck's</normalizedToken>
|
||||
sponges by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Topsent (1931</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="8108A0EEDDA4224119EB6D80CE6AFD76" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Topsent (1931</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation pageId="34" pageNumber="35">1932</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="33B08E927F724AB643717F49CAFE678C" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">1932</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation pageId="34" pageNumber="35">1933</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="6744499998F9DE844A8F8BDD87F1B6F1" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">1933</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
) was initiated after the transfer of specimens to Leiden, there is often little correspondence between the identities of the MNHN and RMNH specimens bearing labels with the same original Lamarck names.
|
||||
<bibRefCitation pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Topsent (1932)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="B3ACA6317BEE443E4FB04789CCA3F276" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Topsent (1932)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
identified
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Lamarck’s">Lamarck's</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Spongiidae" genus="Spongia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Spongia muricata" order="Dictyoceratida" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="muricata">Spongia muricata</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="92EEDC571158B9D17D4653F83C576F42" originalValue="Lamarck’s">Lamarck's</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4494D7BFB3C7E6D42D24E90C2B988C7B" class="Demospongiae" family="Spongiidae" genus="Spongia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Spongia muricata" order="Dictyoceratida" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="muricata">Spongia muricata</taxonomicName>
|
||||
as
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Raspailia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Raspailia hispida" order="Axinellida" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="hispida">Raspailia hispida</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="6552F0B4A4E94EABF8E903CDDB1FD314" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Raspailia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Raspailia hispida" order="Axinellida" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="hispida">Raspailia hispida</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, and this was duly taken over by past curators of the Leiden specimens, who apparently were unaware of the discrepancies between the Paris and Leiden specimens. It is possible, that the Lamarck specimen redescribed in
|
||||
<bibRefCitation pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Topsent (1932</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="19C23A6D94100015BDDDA8AC48AFFC0D" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Topsent (1932</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
as
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Raspailia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Raspailia hispida" order="Axinellida" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="hispida">Raspailia hispida</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="E91B92368AE01C13316C9A6C7BF769B1" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Raspailia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Raspailia hispida" order="Axinellida" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="hispida">Raspailia hispida</taxonomicName>
|
||||
), is not
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Lamarck’s">Lamarck's</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="B1C8CDD254E2296EF1A9C89A804313C4" originalValue="Lamarck’s">Lamarck's</normalizedToken>
|
||||
original specimen, because this may have ended up in the Leiden or Amsterdam collections.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
|
||||
<paragraph id="3FB2384ECEB000746AAEA2A19EA40578" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
|
||||
In view of the uncertain history of the NCB specimens and the more precise data available for the Natural History Museum, London specimen, we here designate BMNH 1872.10.19.1 as the neotype of
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Spongiidae" genus="Spongia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Spongia muricata" order="Dictyoceratida" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="muricata">Spongia muricata</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="0CB4BE11DE8C6440DFFD54453DD7CD7A" class="Demospongiae" family="Spongiidae" genus="Spongia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Spongia muricata" order="Dictyoceratida" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="muricata">Spongia muricata</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, the type species of the genus
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Trikentrion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trikentrion" order="Axinellida" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">Trikentrion</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="80D400272D62AD802FF9C8D01A53F1BE" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Trikentrion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trikentrion" order="Axinellida" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">Trikentrion</taxonomicName>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph lastPageId="35" lastPageNumber="36" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
|
||||
<paragraph id="12EA59D40D6C7D4E7B0324F29C5A1E5C" lastPageId="35" lastPageNumber="36" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
|
||||
It is a pleasure to be able to announce that material of
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Plectronella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Plectronella papillosa" order="Axinellida" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="papillosa">Plectronella papillosa</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2F8B7E5281C9AF465231F1D74048CF6F" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Plectronella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Plectronella papillosa" order="Axinellida" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="papillosa">Plectronella papillosa</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Sollas, 1879, since long known to be a junior synonym of
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Trikentrion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trikentrion muricatum" order="Axinellida" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="muricatum">Trikentrion muricatum</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="3890A541EB4D494180AC980690D5CBDE" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Trikentrion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trikentrion muricatum" order="Axinellida" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="muricatum">Trikentrion muricatum</taxonomicName>
|
||||
through its excellent description by Sollas, but otherwise never redescribed, has been discovered in the collection of the Bristol Museum and Art Gallery, in the form of 2 slides labeled No. 30 Ah.200.1, 200.3 (see Fig. 19B), containing cross sections of the skeleton and dissoluted spicules. We can confirm that
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Plectronella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Plectronella papillosa" order="Axinellida" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="papillosa">Plectronella papillosa</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="B995F734C57F186A348C88CB841323FD" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Plectronella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Plectronella papillosa" order="Axinellida" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="papillosa">Plectronella papillosa</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is a junior synonym and that details in the slides conform closely to those of
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Trikentrion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trikentrion muricatum" order="Axinellida" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="muricatum">Trikentrion muricatum</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="F6696743E8D4F8A34C1DE342501F50F8" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Trikentrion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trikentrion muricatum" order="Axinellida" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="muricatum">Trikentrion muricatum</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(see Fig. 19
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="C–D">C-D</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="87DE541BB8AAEBD0B7FE5BB6E20F5E23" originalValue="C–D">C-D</normalizedToken>
|
||||
)
|
||||
<pageBreakToken pageId="35" pageNumber="36" start="start">.</pageBreakToken>
|
||||
<pageBreakToken id="387666BD07190341CCA6A1EC0C87521C" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" start="start">.</pageBreakToken>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="35" pageNumber="36" type="material examined">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Material examined.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Neotype (designation herein): BMNH 1872.10.19.1 from Volta River, Fantee, Ghana, presented by Gov. Ussher. Schizotype ZMB 7160 of the same;</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="80171FE9570C221BC7979DD7B55EE4EE" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" type="material examined">
|
||||
<paragraph id="7EE624DDA436C3EB3331F465650D3519" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Material examined.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="0000BF6437EAAF087BA49C98D9CFA12C" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Neotype (designation herein): BMNH 1872.10.19.1 from Volta River, Fantee, Ghana, presented by Gov. Ussher. Schizotype ZMB 7160 of the same;</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="23354F0050862F6ED19A39029BE97134" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
|
||||
RMNH Por. 306,
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Spongiidae" genus="Spongia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Spongia muricata" order="Dictyoceratida" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="muricata">Spongia muricata</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="103961FB1BDC1D1D7B40733859909C1E" class="Demospongiae" family="Spongiidae" genus="Spongia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Spongia muricata" order="Dictyoceratida" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="muricata">Spongia muricata</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Lamarck, Coast of Guinea;
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
|
||||
<paragraph id="06B8768969D677CDACB86DEB4D86F8FB" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
|
||||
RMNH Por. 309,
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Spongiidae" genus="Spongia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Spongia xerampelina" order="Dictyoceratida" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="xerampelina">Spongia xerampelina</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="F07291098C4E94F5AD051A84C56A790A" class="Demospongiae" family="Spongiidae" genus="Spongia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Spongia xerampelina" order="Dictyoceratida" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="xerampelina">Spongia xerampelina</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Lamarck, no further data;
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
|
||||
<paragraph id="DA34144A19171D264C6F7F601CBF47A4" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
|
||||
ZMA Por. 02545, 02546,
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Halichondriidae" genus="Halichondria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Halichondria echidnaea" order="Suberitida" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="echidnaea">Halichondria echidnaea</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="F8DE88F5833A55B6F1513B9CC19EECED" class="Demospongiae" family="Halichondriidae" genus="Halichondria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Halichondria echidnaea" order="Suberitida" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="echidnaea">Halichondria echidnaea</taxonomicName>
|
||||
/ muricata Lamarck, coast of Guinea;
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="35" pageNumber="36">BMAG Ah 200.1, 200.3, 2 slides labeled Plectronella papillosa no. 30, no further data.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="1F4540FEC06C73C8C062D571182AD066" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">BMAG Ah 200.1, 200.3, 2 slides labeled Plectronella papillosa no. 30, no further data.</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection lastPageId="37" lastPageNumber="38" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Description.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph lastPageId="36" lastPageNumber="37" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="CA1E042F6FAEF5A2A572A02C51A9B84E" lastPageId="37" lastPageNumber="38" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph id="26CB32C536303F53419846B68C6022D4" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Description.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="BA2B0B254757F7B703D347ABD1149621" lastPageId="36" lastPageNumber="37" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
|
||||
Wide basal holdfast upon which are erected groups of cylindrical branches, more or less in one plane, each branch usually with one or two dichotomous secondary branches, often also with anastomosing branches. Size of neotype (Fig. 18A)
|
||||
<pageBreakToken pageId="36" pageNumber="37" start="start">13.5</pageBreakToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<pageBreakToken id="8C52FF9D4D05E2C9F126F00EC34B4436" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" start="start">13.5</pageBreakToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="987927961BB3748FA288BE05954B9CAA" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
12
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="6583C3A7461FD71D1685D698A3A09137" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
5 cm of the whole group of branches, diameter of individual branches 1-1.5 cm.
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Sollas’">Sollas'</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="2894258FDC4C83B2B49A31A62ADFB2B7" originalValue="Sollas’">Sollas'</normalizedToken>
|
||||
specimens (Fig. 19A as
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Plectronella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Plectronella papillosa" order="Axinellida" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="papillosa">Plectronella papillosa</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="FE3F4941250B3648E11FA18C193B9F9B" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Plectronella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Plectronella papillosa" order="Axinellida" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="papillosa">Plectronella papillosa</taxonomicName>
|
||||
) were described as being 20
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="3C013E5C8D2154893BB5F0E488D3F566" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
20 cm, with branch diameter 2-3 cm. The other specimens are similar in size, but slightly smaller. Surface densely covered with broad, laterally flattened papillae, 1-4 mm in size (reminding of the surface projections of
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Axinellidae" genus="Ptilocaulis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ptilocaulis" order="Axinellida" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">Ptilocaulis</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="AE7D24DA28D7A5B133DB7155306CBDE5" class="Demospongiae" family="Axinellidae" genus="Ptilocaulis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ptilocaulis" order="Axinellida" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">Ptilocaulis</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Carter, 1883). In some specimens the papillae are partially abraded (e.g. RMNH Por. 306, see Fig. 18C) giving the sponge a less striking aspect. Consistency (dry) hard, incompressible, crumbly. No live color has been reported in the literature, but color plates of Seba (Fig. 17A) and Esper (Fig. 17D) show a light orange brown color.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
|
||||
<pageBreakToken pageId="37" pageNumber="38" start="start">Skeleton</pageBreakToken>
|
||||
<paragraph id="11C066E4F451A29346746C835415A50D" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
|
||||
<pageBreakToken id="A47053A5E0ED8E2B2AEB0F1F8A26E0A1" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" start="start">Skeleton</pageBreakToken>
|
||||
(Fig. 20A): predominantly a wide-meshed reticulation of tracts of robust smooth oxeas, with little axial and extra-axial specialization. The polyactines are common in peripheral regions. No longer or smaller peripheral styles have been found in any of the examined specimens.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Spicules: Oxeas, polyactines, trichodragmas.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
|
||||
<paragraph id="DA2AE859A9F0D9616884BAB4FC05FBBF" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Spicules: Oxeas, polyactines, trichodragmas.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="3039026FEEEE500EC99439745008BCEF" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
|
||||
Choanosomal
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="‘true’">'true'</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="18D704F2B092A8762B6BCA7849B176F2" originalValue="‘true’">'true'</normalizedToken>
|
||||
oxeas (Figs 19C, 20B, B1, not to be confused with diactinal polyactines), fat, fusiform, tapering gradually to sharp points, overall size (of all specimens examined) 222
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="–376.2–">-376.2-</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="0ECD5522CB5387C8EABAE377EE54AB6A" originalValue="–376.2–">-376.2-</normalizedToken>
|
||||
528
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="1B2808DCACC8108A78519303DF1AE801" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
13
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="–19.9–">-19.9-</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="8398F86A1C1CA70DE93E5AF4207F68AA" originalValue="–19.9–">-19.9-</normalizedToken>
|
||||
31
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="1A00CECD4999A7CA3B17A3189E682D84" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
, in the neotype: 287
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="–351.5–">-351.5-</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="4E3ADF21792D97A03E94040723244D16" originalValue="–351.5–">-351.5-</normalizedToken>
|
||||
432
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="72CE68209B220F559FA22E8B4F22986D" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
13
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="–17.2–">-17.2-</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="D999F2AEC810DF7E4FE2BC9A2657ADFC" originalValue="–17.2–">-17.2-</normalizedToken>
|
||||
26
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="AD6AB886D4FC29AAD8A178EA085AD85E" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
|
||||
<paragraph id="07F911D989750C9D7BC69AF7889B40CA" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
|
||||
Polyactines (Figs 19D, 20C), predominantly three-claded Y-shaped, rarely T-shaped, occasionally diactinal, with prominent hook-like spines on the basal clade (undeveloped spicules with smooth basal clade), and mucronate or nipple-like endings on many of the lateral cladi; overall size of basal clade (of all specimens examined) 78
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="–111.7–">-111.7-</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="AD953FEB74B16BF05948EA10283655E5" originalValue="–111.7–">-111.7-</normalizedToken>
|
||||
156
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="3078997F9B47BBC237342E3BD8EEE600" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
12
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="–19.2–">-19.2-</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="11F2ED1E18E5AD23C40E747F43B4B970" originalValue="–19.2–">-19.2-</normalizedToken>
|
||||
27
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="72D542D6A0B0A3265F93A0B55CD9225B" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
, lateral cladi 42
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="–67.2–">-67.2-</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="6E42B4F3B0F686C7D9CCE6ED2C67A128" originalValue="–67.2–">-67.2-</normalizedToken>
|
||||
84
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="2A03781A118121111ABF6B77BF7A2B36" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
12
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="–16.7–">-16.7-</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="E6CF667ADD2E95A3549434835749C863" originalValue="–16.7–">-16.7-</normalizedToken>
|
||||
27
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="F58DFB164BA7BA7F4527FA48AADFE46B" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
, of neotype: basal clade 78
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="–100.2–">-100.2-</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="B683EA1BB05F4A344C1BA2CF508DF118" originalValue="–100.2–">-100.2-</normalizedToken>
|
||||
118
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="0779C34F63BC2D545A537648A40D3646" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
12
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="–19.4–">-19.4-</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="C5D54B938B705845FFE758F8BE5EECBC" originalValue="–19.4–">-19.4-</normalizedToken>
|
||||
25
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="49A97A7AF713FA681D8D97B5544D00DA" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
, lateral cladi 58
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="–69.2–">-69.2-</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="FEB248F085E2FB89FE7313FC90B41A19" originalValue="–69.2–">-69.2-</normalizedToken>
|
||||
84
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="804EBDFACAC004AEDF8EDC9B3F72C460" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
13
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="–16.3–">-16.3-</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="DD65E687E35F9134295E7FE8DE13D82B" originalValue="–16.3–">-16.3-</normalizedToken>
|
||||
21
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="E94AA556B7A5C544E125A49567297E8C" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
|
||||
<paragraph id="2E3B4372EAF0D0FD07CEF7883E1A5074" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
|
||||
Trichodragmas (Fig. 20D), straight or sinuous, overall size (of all specimens examined) 57
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="–82.0–">-82.0-</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="BE8687F0164106981693B612ED5F6DF8" originalValue="–82.0–">-82.0-</normalizedToken>
|
||||
102
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="D8A10DB56378949452E4B1845B3D3CED" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
4
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="–9.7–">-9.7-</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="69DD0DFFCF1E9CBA4E746052EC9FE76A" originalValue="–9.7–">-9.7-</normalizedToken>
|
||||
18
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="D1DE2A5846CF886971C68D4736E4E43F" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
, of neotype: 63
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="–87.8–">-87.8-</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="5A5279C1994F80F3E7010140D4CA672B" originalValue="–87.8–">-87.8-</normalizedToken>
|
||||
102
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="9E7FDA14802A670B40DC547A0B08ACCF" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
9
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="–12.8–">-12.8-</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="42D39473847EBA83FC06E169FA916D7B" originalValue="–12.8–">-12.8-</normalizedToken>
|
||||
18.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
|
||||
<caption id="3491507BF7BDC1EBE59BE70A486590F1" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
|
||||
<paragraph id="01986026147AC188B1F0B8722D236847" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
|
||||
Figure 17.
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Trikentrion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trikentrion muricatum" order="Axinellida" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="muricatum">Trikentrion muricatum</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="3D2CA8385A80E6494A7CB6D0E7B7B57B" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Trikentrion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trikentrion muricatum" order="Axinellida" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="muricatum">Trikentrion muricatum</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(Pallas, 1766), early illustrations and original descriptions A
|
||||
<bibRefCitation pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Seba’s">Seba's</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="7D9AB9BE2897CB3E555E08EFDFF2B857" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="E15E41CDF3FF2F5C5FF7662C3593D3CA" originalValue="Seba’s">Seba's</normalizedToken>
|
||||
drawing (1734-1765
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
, volume 3 pl. 99 fig. 7) of
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Spongiidae" genus="Spongia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Spongia muricata" order="Dictyoceratida" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="muricata">Spongia muricata</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="5ABFA6DB84DCB6A2F922F8892471C610" class="Demospongiae" family="Spongiidae" genus="Spongia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Spongia muricata" order="Dictyoceratida" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="muricata">Spongia muricata</taxonomicName>
|
||||
as indicated by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Pallas, PS" journalOrPublisher="P van Cleef, The Hague" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" title="Elenchus zoophytorum sistens generum adumbrations generaliores et specierum cognitarum succinctas descriptiones cum selectis auctorum synonymis." url="10.5962/bhl.title.6595" year="1766">Pallas (1766)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="CC1F6EA004DCD3CDCA30AE113DAFA7B9" author="Pallas, PS" journalOrPublisher="P van Cleef, The Hague" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" title="Elenchus zoophytorum sistens generum adumbrations generaliores et specierum cognitarum succinctas descriptiones cum selectis auctorum synonymis." url="10.5962/bhl.title.6595" year="1766">Pallas (1766)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
B
|
||||
<bibRefCitation pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Ellis’s">Ellis's</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="76EA5C0330DEFD6E32AFAE0B2ED1BF8D" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="50421C7B5B2DED2F8443218DCC279410" originalValue="Ellis’s">Ellis's</normalizedToken>
|
||||
(1766)
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
drawing of a branched tuberculated sponge from W coast of Africa C original description of
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Spongiidae" genus="Spongia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Spongia muricata" order="Dictyoceratida" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="muricata">Spongia muricata</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="D10044E0976ED51CD9DDA501791E520B" class="Demospongiae" family="Spongiidae" genus="Spongia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Spongia muricata" order="Dictyoceratida" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="muricata">Spongia muricata</taxonomicName>
|
||||
by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Pallas, PS" journalOrPublisher="P van Cleef, The Hague" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" title="Elenchus zoophytorum sistens generum adumbrations generaliores et specierum cognitarum succinctas descriptiones cum selectis auctorum synonymis." url="10.5962/bhl.title.6595" year="1766">Pallas (1766)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="3DDCD618060B2545CFDB4F0037348FE6" author="Pallas, PS" journalOrPublisher="P van Cleef, The Hague" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" title="Elenchus zoophytorum sistens generum adumbrations generaliores et specierum cognitarum succinctas descriptiones cum selectis auctorum synonymis." url="10.5962/bhl.title.6595" year="1766">Pallas (1766)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
D
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Esper, ECJ" journalOrPublisher="Zweyter Theil. Raspe, Nuernberg" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" title="Die Pflanzenthiere in Abbildungen nach der Natur mit Farben erleuchtet, nebst Beschreibungen." year="1794">
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Esper’s">Esper's</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="8A7E59BA9C15CA6182E787B7A4EB3DCA" author="Esper, ECJ" journalOrPublisher="Zweyter Theil. Raspe, Nuernberg" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" title="Die Pflanzenthiere in Abbildungen nach der Natur mit Farben erleuchtet, nebst Beschreibungen." year="1794">
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="A71C2BEC39BFB5EB7F51789B25B501A1" originalValue="Esper’s">Esper's</normalizedToken>
|
||||
(1794)
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
drawing of
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Calcarea" family="Baeriidae" genus="Spongia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Spongia" order="Baerida" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">Spongia</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="6D41A448ACEBA082C319D01CA8E916F7" class="Calcarea" family="Baeriidae" genus="Spongia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Spongia" order="Baerida" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">Spongia</taxonomicName>
|
||||
muricata from W coast of Africa. See text for further explanation.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<caption pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
|
||||
<caption id="EEAB160CA63D323C5982D6B134F547AB" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
|
||||
<paragraph id="E02ADD806F9325D4F7C9CF5791F29C65" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
|
||||
Figure 18.
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Trikentrion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trikentrion muricatum" order="Axinellida" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="muricatum">Trikentrion muricatum</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="C5D1E7CFF807A5D3853EA7B2EC9842F8" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Trikentrion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trikentrion muricatum" order="Axinellida" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="muricatum">Trikentrion muricatum</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(Pallas, 1766), early museum specimens A BMNH 1872.10.19.1 redescribed by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Carter, HJ" journalOrPublisher="Tetrahedron" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" title="Contributions to our knowledge of the Spongida. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (5) 3: 284 - 304, 343 - 360." url="10.1080/00222937908562401" year="1879">Carter (1879)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="D7F92C64E73141DF0E59652AB7D63A76" author="Carter, HJ" journalOrPublisher="Tetrahedron" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" title="Contributions to our knowledge of the Spongida. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (5) 3: 284 - 304, 343 - 360." url="10.1080/00222937908562401" year="1879">Carter (1879)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
designated neotype herein B RMNH Por. 309 labeled
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Spongiidae" genus="Spongia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Spongia xerampelina" order="Dictyoceratida" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="xerampelina">Spongia xerampelina</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="01E34092A64D04EEDBB43977B9F6CEE9" class="Demospongiae" family="Spongiidae" genus="Spongia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Spongia xerampelina" order="Dictyoceratida" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="xerampelina">Spongia xerampelina</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Lamarck, showing strong resemblance to
|
||||
<bibRefCitation pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Seba’s">Seba's</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="0248604D3690BDD075751AC7D965BDE9" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="A85BF767E64170DC039571D63C0E3EEA" originalValue="Seba’s">Seba's</normalizedToken>
|
||||
(1734-1765)
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
drawing but lacking sufficient data C RMNH Por. 306 labeled
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Spongiidae" genus="Spongia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Spongia muricata" order="Dictyoceratida" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="muricata">Spongia muricata</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="12DF58F689B1B709982EEC74FE41E0FC" class="Demospongiae" family="Spongiidae" genus="Spongia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Spongia muricata" order="Dictyoceratida" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="muricata">Spongia muricata</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Lamarck showing strong resemblance to
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Esper’s">Esper's</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="738DACDFD5E6D715F03592ED0D33E55D" originalValue="Esper’s">Esper's</normalizedToken>
|
||||
(1794) drawing but lacking sufficient data D ZMA Por 02545 labeled
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Calcarea" family="Baeriidae" genus="Spongia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Spongia echidnea" order="Baerida" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="echidnea">Spongia echidnea</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="BBD5034051A95AFD603085529D877AD3" class="Calcarea" family="Baeriidae" genus="Spongia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Spongia echidnea" order="Baerida" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="echidnea">Spongia echidnea</taxonomicName>
|
||||
resembling
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Esper, ECJ" journalOrPublisher="Zweyter Theil. Raspe, Nuernberg" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" title="Die Pflanzenthiere in Abbildungen nach der Natur mit Farben erleuchtet, nebst Beschreibungen." year="1794">
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Esper’s">Esper's</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="B83D39237CA481773051208EC3068453" author="Esper, ECJ" journalOrPublisher="Zweyter Theil. Raspe, Nuernberg" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" title="Die Pflanzenthiere in Abbildungen nach der Natur mit Farben erleuchtet, nebst Beschreibungen." year="1794">
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="A5A0E8E1BD8D3E239A23EE1458DEC231" originalValue="Esper’s">Esper's</normalizedToken>
|
||||
(1794)
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
drawing but lacking sufficient data E ZMA Por 02546 labeled
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Calcarea" family="Baeriidae" genus="Spongia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Spongia echidnea" order="Baerida" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="echidnea">Spongia echidnea</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="106D74E7D229637B192B0620AF009677" class="Calcarea" family="Baeriidae" genus="Spongia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Spongia echidnea" order="Baerida" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="echidnea">Spongia echidnea</taxonomicName>
|
||||
resembling
|
||||
<bibRefCitation pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Seba’s">Seba's</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="CF59864566737276C5C677D45C774E08" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="4C1B8C8E40FEBE1AD2AF6BEAFEAE84FA" originalValue="Seba’s">Seba's</normalizedToken>
|
||||
(1734-1765)
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
drawing but lacking sufficient data. See text for further explanation.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<caption pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
|
||||
<caption id="F7D40A91D8FD8FB832C22FE885404620" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
|
||||
<paragraph id="9ED99508934B614CB4E7FE39F8B4068D" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
|
||||
Figure 19.
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Plectronella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Plectronella papillosum" order="Axinellida" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="papillosum">Plectronella papillosum</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Sollas, WJ" journalOrPublisher="Occasional Papers of the Allan Hancock Foundation" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" title="On Plectronella papillosa, a new genus and species of echinonematous sponge. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (5) 3: 17 - 27." url="10.1080/00222937908682472" year="1879">Sollas (1879)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4FB0B4247CD9C118143751075A2A82FD" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Plectronella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Plectronella papillosum" order="Axinellida" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="papillosum">Plectronella papillosum</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="1F1C410ED94A8360C067B64F9C150805" author="Sollas, WJ" journalOrPublisher="Occasional Papers of the Allan Hancock Foundation" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" title="On Plectronella papillosa, a new genus and species of echinonematous sponge. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (5) 3: 17 - 27." url="10.1080/00222937908682472" year="1879">Sollas (1879)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
, assumed to be a junior synonym of
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Trikentrion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trikentrion muricatum" order="Axinellida" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="muricatum">Trikentrion muricatum</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="1271A61D45C5118C63D7A2B4CCDEB2F8" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Trikentrion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trikentrion muricatum" order="Axinellida" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="muricatum">Trikentrion muricatum</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(Pallas, 1766), A shape, repinted from
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Sollas, WJ" journalOrPublisher="Occasional Papers of the Allan Hancock Foundation" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" title="On Plectronella papillosa, a new genus and species of echinonematous sponge. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (5) 3: 17 - 27." url="10.1080/00222937908682472" year="1879">Sollas (1879</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="BFA1096C0A86965459FA0AFF0A74D199" author="Sollas, WJ" journalOrPublisher="Occasional Papers of the Allan Hancock Foundation" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" title="On Plectronella papillosa, a new genus and species of echinonematous sponge. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (5) 3: 17 - 27." url="10.1080/00222937908682472" year="1879">Sollas (1879</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: pl. 4) B remaining type material in the form of two microscopic slides BMAG Ah 200.1, 200.3 C overview of spicules present in one of the microscopic slides D polyactine spicules present in one of the microscopic slides.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<caption pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
|
||||
<caption id="4B3E888635A7B82DCE2B9D38B185C693" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
|
||||
<paragraph id="2971F22234161F1E8804A6471D794FD7" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
|
||||
Figure 20.
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Trikentrion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trikentrion muricatum" order="Axinellida" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="muricatum">Trikentrion muricatum</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="46DFAAF4DDC942D7AA1BF1318E164BBF" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Trikentrion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trikentrion muricatum" order="Axinellida" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="muricatum">Trikentrion muricatum</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(Pallas, 1766), neotype BMNH 1872.10.19.1 A microphoto of cross section of peripheral skeleton B oxea B1 detail of one of the apices of an oxea C polyactine C1 detail of apex of lateral clade D trichodragma.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="distribution">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Distribution.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="7E8BAA952A1D3E26E83F2CED07E15A0D" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="distribution">
|
||||
<paragraph id="81A4BD7C016AA4C0FA1DA5C24428F5B9" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Distribution.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="964C790CE0D3985A4F665F4205CBE49C" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
|
||||
Tropical West Africa. Type from 'Elmina,
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Guinea’">Guinea'</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="3F3AF4D63BB1C13C602EADB8F8EBC2C1" originalValue="Guinea’">Guinea'</normalizedToken>
|
||||
(Pallas, 1766; Esper, 1794), now situated in Ghana. Further specimens were reported mostly from Ghana (neotype (Carter, 1879): Volta; Burton, 1956: Gold Coast), or locality was unknown (Sollas, 1879), or more general (coast of Guinea).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="ecology">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Ecology.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Depth range: no definite data, but probably shallow water, growing on rocks.</paragraph>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="D2508EB345409A164A5CDBD467B319E2" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="ecology">
|
||||
<paragraph id="B6D96B261292D54C85DF1ED4F9FE685B" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Ecology.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="52064EA46C08E097EBE4B64AC2E1A19A" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Depth range: no definite data, but probably shallow water, growing on rocks.</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="discussion">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Discussion.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="4B8B4B57B2DC324BA167D92D7839FEEA" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="discussion">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8130D6C8A00FC52B0CCCE74286D6F118" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Discussion.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="1857DB60AE6AAA7F7BB8D78BBC77B40F" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
|
||||
The species must have been of common occurrence off the coast of Ghana in 18th century as there are a fair lot of specimens available from that age and region in several natural history museums. Curiously, no fresh material is known to exist, so the species remains ill-known.
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Trikentrion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trikentrion muricatum" order="Axinellida" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="muricatum">Trikentrion muricatum</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2968770649B8867C2D5C624AA9784348" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Trikentrion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trikentrion muricatum" order="Axinellida" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="muricatum">Trikentrion muricatum</taxonomicName>
|
||||
differs substantially from all other
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Trikentrion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trikentrion" order="Axinellida" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">Trikentrion</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="6A38D3CB782F33FEC635F39A0F3B8C10" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Trikentrion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trikentrion" order="Axinellida" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">Trikentrion</taxonomicName>
|
||||
species described below in the lack of peripheral styles. Further differences are robust oxeas, up to twice as long and thick as those of the two other oxea-bearing species (
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Trikentrion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trikentrion laeve" order="Axinellida" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="laeve">Trikentrion laeve</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="7C65C7AAF30C0C95723EB39BF03BFAA0" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Trikentrion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trikentrion laeve" order="Axinellida" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="laeve">Trikentrion laeve</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Carter, 1879 and
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Trikentrion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trikentrion flabelliforme" order="Axinellida" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="flabelliforme">Trikentrion flabelliforme</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="C49D2861E36891EB3A98312F16DCBF0C" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Trikentrion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trikentrion flabelliforme" order="Axinellida" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="flabelliforme">Trikentrion flabelliforme</taxonomicName>
|
||||
), while the three remaining species (
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Trikentrion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trikentrion helium" order="Axinellida" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="helium">Trikentrion helium</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="EFE4005CB83E757853A37C5227E96700" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Trikentrion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trikentrion helium" order="Axinellida" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="helium">Trikentrion helium</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Trikentrion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trikentrion catalina" order="Axinellida" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="catalina">Trikentrion catalina</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="8BCA11ABCAA43B8E6893BCFF95CCA957" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Trikentrion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trikentrion catalina" order="Axinellida" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="catalina">Trikentrion catalina</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Trikentrion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trikentrion africanum" order="Axinellida" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="africanum">Trikentrion africanum</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="5692541FC53BF6B9296D93AE09718084" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Trikentrion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trikentrion africanum" order="Axinellida" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="africanum">Trikentrion africanum</taxonomicName>
|
||||
sp. n.) lack the oxeas entirely.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -1,277 +1,277 @@
|
|||
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="152037778" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:EE11F4364D6F2C4D4B8FA236633B8630" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/EE11F4364D6F2C4D4B8FA236633B8630" lastPageId="41" lastPageNumber="41" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
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|
||||
<taxonomicName LSID="http://species-id.net/wiki/Trikentrion_flabelliforme" authority="Hentschel, 1912" authorityName="Hentschel" authorityYear="1912" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Trikentrion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trikentrion flabelliforme" order="Axinellida" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="flabelliforme">Trikentrion flabelliforme Hentschel, 1912</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<treatment id="EE11F4364D6F2C4D4B8FA236633B8630" ID-GBIF-Taxon="152037778" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:EE11F4364D6F2C4D4B8FA236633B8630" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/EE11F4364D6F2C4D4B8FA236633B8630" lastPageId="41" lastPageNumber="41" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
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|
||||
<taxonomicName id="0E2ADE892276B08338517AE9F1D6BD5D" ID-CoL="58TTB" LSID="http://species-id.net/wiki/Trikentrion_flabelliforme" authority="Hentschel, 1912" authorityName="Hentschel" authorityYear="1912" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Trikentrion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trikentrion flabelliforme" order="Axinellida" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="flabelliforme">Trikentrion flabelliforme Hentschel, 1912</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Figs 22
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="A–D">A-D</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="0E64A1541964F3A09C449AAC54C36143" originalValue="A–D">A-D</normalizedToken>
|
||||
, 23
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="A–E">A-E</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="1355D9887A7B119DDBF520A8AFB3F321" originalValue="A–E">A-E</normalizedToken>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="38" pageNumber="39" type="reference_group">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Trikentrion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trikentrion laeve" order="Axinellida" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="laeve">Trikentrion laeve</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="1D153662A0D91F2FAB8DE28A314DA781" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" type="reference_group">
|
||||
<paragraph id="7A2D68C1B7DCF387B61BD6E545701EC4" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="D4948E3D15ED1C62568C9A1792B710FE" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Trikentrion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trikentrion laeve" order="Axinellida" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="laeve">Trikentrion laeve</taxonomicName>
|
||||
sensu
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Carter, HJ" journalOrPublisher="Tetrahedron" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" title="New sponges, observations on old ones, and a proposed new group. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (5) 10: 106 - 125." url="10.1080/00222938209459681" year="1882">Carter 1882</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="4C34DF6A97F32D9DDDD6C1F4EE8AB5C8" author="Carter, HJ" journalOrPublisher="Tetrahedron" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" title="New sponges, observations on old ones, and a proposed new group. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (5) 10: 106 - 125." url="10.1080/00222938209459681" year="1882">Carter 1882</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: 294 (West Australia) (not:
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Carter, HJ" journalOrPublisher="Tetrahedron" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" title="Contributions to our knowledge of the Spongida. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (5) 3: 284 - 304, 343 - 360." url="10.1080/00222937908562401" year="1879">Carter 1879</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="A2AD309A6433444439A8C7F60A14B2EE" author="Carter, HJ" journalOrPublisher="Tetrahedron" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" title="Contributions to our knowledge of the Spongida. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (5) 3: 284 - 304, 343 - 360." url="10.1080/00222937908562401" year="1879">Carter 1879</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
)
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Trikentrion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trikentrion flabelliforme" order="Axinellida" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="flabelliforme">Trikentrion flabelliforme</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Hentschel, E" journalOrPublisher="Abhandlungen herausgegeben von der Senckenbergischen naturforschenden Gesellschaft" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" pagination="293 - 448" title="Kiesel- und Hornschwaemme der Aru- und Kei-Inseln." volume="34" year="1912">Hentschel 1912</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<paragraph id="6B3DDF55E9C4439716B8E19EEFAFC903" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="50AC48DEE136985E637BF068F403FCBF" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Trikentrion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trikentrion flabelliforme" order="Axinellida" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="flabelliforme">Trikentrion flabelliforme</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="D61536D60369BF98385596516FD81A2F" author="Hentschel, E" journalOrPublisher="Abhandlungen herausgegeben von der Senckenbergischen naturforschenden Gesellschaft" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" pagination="293 - 448" title="Kiesel- und Hornschwaemme der Aru- und Kei-Inseln." volume="34" year="1912">Hentschel 1912</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: 373, pl. 13 fig. 9, pl. 20 fig. 32 (Aru Islands, Indonesia);
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Capon, RJ" journalOrPublisher="Tetrahedron" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" pagination="6545 - 6550" title="The trikentrins: novel indoles from the sponge Trikentrion flabelliforme." url="10.1016/S0040-4020(01)88117-5" volume="42" year="1986">Capon et al. 1986</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="37B8EEEB6BA00D746A3DBBF6D7A6AEC8" author="Capon, RJ" journalOrPublisher="Tetrahedron" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" pagination="6545 - 6550" title="The trikentrins: novel indoles from the sponge Trikentrion flabelliforme." url="10.1016/S0040-4020(01)88117-5" volume="42" year="1986">Capon et al. 1986</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: 6545;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Hooper, JNA" journalOrPublisher="Invertebrate Taxonomy" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" pagination="1179 - 1418" title="Revision of the family Raspailiidae (Porifera: Demospongiae), with description of Australian species." url="10.1071/IT9911179" volume="5" year="1991">Hooper 1991</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="50B3D2A0D9BF71A94CD1154105CAD739" author="Hooper, JNA" journalOrPublisher="Invertebrate Taxonomy" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" pagination="1179 - 1418" title="Revision of the family Raspailiidae (Porifera: Demospongiae), with description of Australian species." url="10.1071/IT9911179" volume="5" year="1991">Hooper 1991</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: 1298, Figs 61-62, 109h-I (North and West Australia);
|
||||
<bibRefCitation pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Hooper 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="AAB8BC2249C4361A68E671ACCC787E23" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Hooper 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: Figs 18
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="H–J">H-J</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="6E7176F45EAB955D247A943404B093F4" originalValue="H–J">H-J</normalizedToken>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="38" pageNumber="39" type="material examined">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Material examined.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Holotype missing from SMF, but a paralectotype fragment is present in the Natural History Museum, BMNH 1931.8.4.57, which was examined by JH in 2000, type locality: Indonesia, Aru Islands, 4-15 m depth.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="1CA9853D9571F4D42C86E51E2462E89D" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" type="material examined">
|
||||
<paragraph id="9D3E655715284257D96116508D0DAD88" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Material examined.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="2E8813897501C94036B53FD273E174C1" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Holotype missing from SMF, but a paralectotype fragment is present in the Natural History Museum, BMNH 1931.8.4.57, which was examined by JH in 2000, type locality: Indonesia, Aru Islands, 4-15 m depth.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="0775D9CB330ED438CBADB09DB6E41B22" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
|
||||
ZMA Por. 02426, preserved in alcohol, Siboga Exped. Stat. 273, Aru Islands, Indonesia, pearl banks off Pulau Jedan,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="-5.4134">5.4134°S</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="92A8070435E14B9DE50A3A052AE354D9" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="-5.4134">5.4134°S</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="134.6677">134.6677°E</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="159C1A2080621CA7D87A01E0B298555A" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="134.6677">134.6677°E</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
, depth 13 m, 23
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="–12–">-12-</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="73BA01BEF6A5136244398B23CD2FDC99" originalValue="–12–">-12-</normalizedToken>
|
||||
1899.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="38" pageNumber="39">RMNH Por. 978, preserved in alcohol, Siboga Exped. Stat. 273, same data;</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8703672B5A00296BFA0D327EB72C436F" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">RMNH Por. 978, preserved in alcohol, Siboga Exped. Stat. 273, same data;</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="20BEC0156E3D8F9208E98ADDE43F5393" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
|
||||
ZMA Por. 14022 and 14023, preserved in alcohol, East Point, Darwin, Northern Territories, Australia, 10 m, 29
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="–11–">-11-</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="0FA3E5E0DC571251A0146093049F1A94" originalValue="–11–">-11-</normalizedToken>
|
||||
1987, coll. J.N.A. Hooper nrs 8 and 9;
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="38" pageNumber="39">ZMA Por. 16049, dry old collection material without data.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="BCFC6286A45819DC3A328748E48EB919" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">ZMA Por. 16049, dry old collection material without data.</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection lastPageId="40" lastPageNumber="41" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Description.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph lastPageId="39" lastPageNumber="40" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="1FF559F19A810C3645D864AA7A26ACC7" lastPageId="40" lastPageNumber="41" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph id="E8C6D646AFCC6B4BCB5F46F245FB91CB" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Description.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="78A5C2A6EEE636C7D365A2B15896077E" lastPageId="39" lastPageNumber="40" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
|
||||
Two distinct shapes, flabelliform (Fig. 22A), 6-26
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="A947ACFF738209958BB1C186EBA4FD6D" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
4-19 cm high and wide, 0.2-1.4 cm thick) and digitate (Fig. 22B), up to 15 cm high, with
|
||||
<pageBreakToken pageId="39" pageNumber="40" start="start">flattened</pageBreakToken>
|
||||
<pageBreakToken id="4003B52D49F7F9EB019B8E5186724810" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" start="start">flattened</pageBreakToken>
|
||||
branches of up to 1.5 cm thickness (summary of many specimens described in Hooper, 1991). Flabelliform specimens may have blades at right angles (see Fig 22A). Frequently, the digitate specimens are infested with zoanthids (Fig. 22B). Surface optically smooth, microhispid, with characteristic pattern of fine meandering grooves. Texture firm. Colour orange-red, blood-red (shallow water) to beige (deep water).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
|
||||
<pageBreakToken pageId="40" pageNumber="41" start="start">Skeleton</pageBreakToken>
|
||||
<paragraph id="D69AA4D1DCBEEF797C3707DAD512B0F4" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
|
||||
<pageBreakToken id="837F124F29E235F6CDD57C5095CB922E" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" start="start">Skeleton</pageBreakToken>
|
||||
(Figs 22
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="C–D">C-D</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="6A3ECB25756D34DF86C74C6CDEF0F902" originalValue="C–D">C-D</normalizedToken>
|
||||
): reticulated, square meshed or polyangular (Fig. 22D), with loose extra-axial and spongin-rich axial spicule tracts cored by oxeas, echinated by triactine polyactines; at the surface protruding long thin styles are surrounded by bouquets of short thin styles (Fig. 22C).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Spicules (Figs 23): Long thin styles, short thin styles, oxeas, polyactines, trichodragmas.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
|
||||
<paragraph id="1A19913A886ED13646D21DA3033CA16B" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Spicules (Figs 23): Long thin styles, short thin styles, oxeas, polyactines, trichodragmas.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="5117DE0A368E764BA312D42E7683ADF9" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
|
||||
Long thin styles (Fig. 23A), curved, slim, 405
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="–870.3–">-870.3-</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="B4E3379071C7014BC296C5A31F8544D2" originalValue="–870.3–">-870.3-</normalizedToken>
|
||||
1034
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="431123FBB97CFFD610CD7C118FF2D554" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
3
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="–7.3–">-7.3-</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="BD02A79955CBD329DE87EDAC2F3A4B49" originalValue="–7.3–">-7.3-</normalizedToken>
|
||||
9µm.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
|
||||
<paragraph id="F851EE52C6775EBAF944D8D8891E7285" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
|
||||
Short thin styles (Fig. 23B), thinly fusiform, 182
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="–334.7–">-334.7-</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="C52A0B62593D6DEAD1F5173906FA71BB" originalValue="–334.7–">-334.7-</normalizedToken>
|
||||
392
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="980D840EE936E085F50AA5AE537E4FCB" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
0.5
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="–1.8–">-1.8-</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="83009E1E19C466462198882E10819057" originalValue="–1.8–">-1.8-</normalizedToken>
|
||||
4
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="D6E60901909B2EC8F3E72F8E7FA85C74" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
|
||||
<paragraph id="B2A4A7FFDA83A00A389344B4B884A1B7" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
|
||||
Choanosomal genuine oxeas (Figs 23C, C1), not to be confused with diactinal polyactines, evenly or more angularly curved, apices mucronate and many have minute spines visible under SEM (Fig. 23C1), sizes 135
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="–287.7–">-287.7-</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="3BD7AE492448A0B7C8B8087B7DAC05B9" originalValue="–287.7–">-287.7-</normalizedToken>
|
||||
340
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="8AC941F7EC9412EB8BC5FD2CBB3E1D60" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
5
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="–16.8–">-16.8-</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="9222B8D3792638CA5BAD0BA72E95D53D" originalValue="–16.8–">-16.8-</normalizedToken>
|
||||
22
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="6A3E51E72348BF1248583DA152BDC784" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
|
||||
<paragraph id="18BF2CAC6585C4AAB9CE234D60738A9D" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
|
||||
Polyactines (Figs 23D, D1), rare in some specimens, predominantly three-claded, with prominent spines on the basal ray, and minute apical spines on the lateral rays (Fig. 23D1) visible only under SEM, occasionally strongly curved diactines or - often smaller - tetractines, basal cladi 96
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="–109.5–">-109.5-</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="42602AC2847BE84FF419CDEF5F831737" originalValue="–109.5–">-109.5-</normalizedToken>
|
||||
123
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="48D1CAA369862E69418D57E20013739A" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
10
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="–13.1–">-13.1-</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="90F34973B0DD7B73D7E4DC843D1B5F89" originalValue="–13.1–">-13.1-</normalizedToken>
|
||||
17
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="919CBC5BAD05481DCC423EFE34E10F59" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
, lateral cladi 51
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="–70.0–">-70.0-</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="BE0F1F0F94801CD1627EA55C2929D96C" originalValue="–70.0–">-70.0-</normalizedToken>
|
||||
84
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="8E2349DB213B451053215104201B489E" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
9
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="–12.6–">-12.6-</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="235DCFCF282C582AD8DFCDC7CFE1DA7D" originalValue="–12.6–">-12.6-</normalizedToken>
|
||||
17
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="B007F1F39E30943F4A844487E9F6065E" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
|
||||
<paragraph id="69E3E610E451A326A903D46F20EEF1EF" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
|
||||
Trichodragmas (Figs 23E, E1) with individual raphides showing rugose surface (Fig. 23E1), sizes 35
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="–59.6–">-59.6-</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="0532149BBF0E489B4650FE6A1B2B6A40" originalValue="–59.6–">-59.6-</normalizedToken>
|
||||
88
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="ECAF63C24BB9CC6AB3CD65AD555C3A83" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
6
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="–8.6–">-8.6-</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="33FE938614C2BEB4211410FC37E5517A" originalValue="–8.6–">-8.6-</normalizedToken>
|
||||
12
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="8D2EE9AD45FE8CB6408DA66BABB67BC5" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
|
||||
<caption id="2F9CC0784574B0B24C8FCA9804F4FD21" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
|
||||
<paragraph id="7964405874234C086E9FF2EEFEE44C4C" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
|
||||
Figure 22.
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Trikentrion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trikentrion flabelliforme" order="Axinellida" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="flabelliforme">Trikentrion flabelliforme</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="95475FF8BB5DBD9C6E2B53CE8FA09FED" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Trikentrion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trikentrion flabelliforme" order="Axinellida" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="flabelliforme">Trikentrion flabelliforme</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Hentschel, 1912, A flabellate specimen ZMA Por. 14023 from Darwin, North Australia (scale bar = 1 cm) B branching-digitate specimen RMNH Por. 978 infested with zoanthids from Aru Islands Indonesia (scale bar = 1 cm) C peripheral skeleton of ZMA Por. 14023 showing raspailiid character of long thin style sheathed in a bouquet of short thin styles D thick section of choanosomal skeleton of ZMA Por. 14023.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<caption pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
|
||||
<caption id="6A6E62247642EA23BC5EAEF6AD55A774" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
|
||||
<paragraph id="DAAB0701C29DF46CCB7934373F06D5A7" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
|
||||
Figure 23.
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Trikentrion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trikentrion flabelliforme" order="Axinellida" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="flabelliforme">Trikentrion flabelliforme</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="CFEDCFED2AA34B92B42191C2C1C357DF" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Trikentrion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trikentrion flabelliforme" order="Axinellida" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="flabelliforme">Trikentrion flabelliforme</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Hentschel, 1912, spicules of ZMA Por. 14023, A detail of rounded end of long thin style B details of short thin style C oxea C1 details of apices of oxeas showing minute spines D three- and four claded polyactines D1 detail of apex of lateral clade of polyactine showing minute spines E microphoto of trichodragmas E1 individual raphide dissociated trichodragma showing rugosities.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="40" pageNumber="41" type="distribution">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Distribution.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Arafura Sea, N and W Australia.</paragraph>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="DAAE3F727AE4E279162BEF0CEC918D13" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" type="distribution">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8659425439718DADF9D69F3B681199B6" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Distribution.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="C8982EAC7339C486B6799832EECFF571" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Arafura Sea, N and W Australia.</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="40" pageNumber="41" type="ecology">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Ecology.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Shallow subtidal to offshore deeper water.</paragraph>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="30A3061BD49542AA23A7FB2D6B4D0FA9" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" type="ecology">
|
||||
<paragraph id="BB7CE80F420A46DF99C83BF0E8BD67DA" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Ecology.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="721FE11E66406C308722B38A6B75B6CB" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Shallow subtidal to offshore deeper water.</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection lastPageId="41" lastPageNumber="42" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" type="discussion">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Discussion.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="36A78473EA2F5A6E9E58ABAE060F0592" lastPageId="41" lastPageNumber="42" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" type="discussion">
|
||||
<paragraph id="656AFC4E4C79CAF6E3612F9DC047CF6C" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Discussion.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="2F047EA08CFC9EDA1BEB2FAA247F8B6A" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
|
||||
The species was erroneously attributed to
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Carter, HJ" journalOrPublisher="Tetrahedron" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" title="New sponges, observations on old ones, and a proposed new group. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (5) 10: 106 - 125." url="10.1080/00222938209459681" year="1882">Carter 1882</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="D05852AC219F03586839C44789073AF3" author="Carter, HJ" journalOrPublisher="Tetrahedron" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" title="New sponges, observations on old ones, and a proposed new group. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (5) 10: 106 - 125." url="10.1080/00222938209459681" year="1882">Carter 1882</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: 294, allegedly as
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Trikentrion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trikentrion laeve" order="Axinellida" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="laeve">Trikentrion laeve</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="0D89D4CCE945E1A109729DB56A0FDA15" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Trikentrion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trikentrion laeve" order="Axinellida" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="laeve">Trikentrion laeve</taxonomicName>
|
||||
var. flabelliforme, by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Hooper, JNA" journalOrPublisher="Invertebrate Taxonomy" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" pagination="1179 - 1418" title="Revision of the family Raspailiidae (Porifera: Demospongiae), with description of Australian species." url="10.1071/IT9911179" volume="5" year="1991">Hooper (1991)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="94DE254011FE16F99A61ED38694CCEB5" author="Hooper, JNA" journalOrPublisher="Invertebrate Taxonomy" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" pagination="1179 - 1418" title="Revision of the family Raspailiidae (Porifera: Demospongiae), with description of Australian species." url="10.1071/IT9911179" volume="5" year="1991">Hooper (1991)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
. This is a manuscript name because Carter did not name his Australian flabellate specimen, merely referring it to
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Trikentrion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trikentrion laeve" order="Axinellida" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="laeve">Trikentrion laeve</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2EA26F132769322D3FB354EDC85BB384" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Trikentrion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trikentrion laeve" order="Axinellida" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="laeve">Trikentrion laeve</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. That species is West African and described above as a distinct new species.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
|
||||
<paragraph id="DEF8F416BE4DB354949BAB2A72C81BD6" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
|
||||
The two 'growth
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="forms’">forms'</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="3B2ED95A4F05B23C52B053BB55B79485" originalValue="forms’">forms'</normalizedToken>
|
||||
are rather distinct, but distribution, skeleton, and spicules are similar and overlapping enitirely, making it impossible to separate the forms further. The digitate form is often overgrown with a zoanthid species, both in Australian (Hooper, 1991) and Indonesian (RMNH Por. 978) specimens. The shape of
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Trikentrion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trikentrion flabelliforme" order="Axinellida" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="flabelliforme">Trikentrion flabelliforme</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="5E9A4AEE725F0AF158F69E76ECDD2D40" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Trikentrion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trikentrion flabelliforme" order="Axinellida" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="flabelliforme">Trikentrion flabelliforme</taxonomicName>
|
||||
reminds of Californian
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Trikentrion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trikentrion catalina" order="Axinellida" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="catalina">Trikentrion catalina</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="8F987C362B43D55C25DE8718BC122C19" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Trikentrion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trikentrion catalina" order="Axinellida" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="catalina">Trikentrion catalina</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Trikentrion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trikentrion helium" order="Axinellida" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="helium">Trikentrion helium</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="D302EBB4DDBD0F86ADB0F3341E3C57C2" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Trikentrion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trikentrion helium" order="Axinellida" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="helium">Trikentrion helium</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, but spiculation in these species differs substantially by their lack of proper choanosomal oxeas. Comparative variation in shape is also recorded for
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Trikentrion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trikentrion helium" order="Axinellida" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="helium">Trikentrion helium</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="648C3AA13E1842134C85BA7E246FB3C6" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Trikentrion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trikentrion helium" order="Axinellida" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="helium">Trikentrion helium</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(see below).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
|
||||
<paragraph id="2120900B18C2DFC0EE28A68686919AD0" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
|
||||
The apices of the oxeas and the polyactines show minute spines, which is here interpreted as a unique feature. It violates the rule that in
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Trikentrion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trikentrion" order="Axinellida" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">Trikentrion</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="5D6BF445461654258E72FC8DC4A13877" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Trikentrion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trikentrion" order="Axinellida" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">Trikentrion</taxonomicName>
|
||||
only the basal, not the lateral cladi of the polyactines have spines, but there is little correspondence with the lateral cladus spination in
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon" order="Axinellida" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">Cyamon</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="B157AC6B6E637FC9D92775FE6AB546D6" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon" order="Axinellida" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">Cyamon</taxonomicName>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
|
||||
<paragraph id="DD7EC2FE131E9E84AE3D74688CAAACFE" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
|
||||
This is the only
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Trikentrion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trikentrion" order="Axinellida" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">Trikentrion</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2F8F2A919251D53F8F9E7E1DCE88DB3E" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Trikentrion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trikentrion" order="Axinellida" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">Trikentrion</taxonomicName>
|
||||
species that appears to be widespread and common. Chemistry of
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Trikentrion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trikentrion flabelliforme" order="Axinellida" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="flabelliforme">Trikentrion flabelliforme</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="0AA7278C1935E3FF3D5A505C8E9B0237" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Trikentrion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trikentrion flabelliforme" order="Axinellida" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="flabelliforme">Trikentrion flabelliforme</taxonomicName>
|
||||
includes unique indoles (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Capon, RJ" journalOrPublisher="Tetrahedron" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" pagination="6545 - 6550" title="The trikentrins: novel indoles from the sponge Trikentrion flabelliforme." url="10.1016/S0040-4020(01)88117-5" volume="42" year="1986">Capon et al. 1986</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="78A1EDFEBB06B9490550140E063E81CC" author="Capon, RJ" journalOrPublisher="Tetrahedron" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" pagination="6545 - 6550" title="The trikentrins: novel indoles from the sponge Trikentrion flabelliforme." url="10.1016/S0040-4020(01)88117-5" volume="42" year="1986">Capon et al. 1986</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph lastPageId="41" lastPageNumber="42" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
|
||||
<paragraph id="E952A08D210CE3DB8B47821D765D2CE3" lastPageId="41" lastPageNumber="42" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
|
||||
We studied an Indonesian specimen from the ZMA collection labeled
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Trikentrion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trikentrion elegans" order="Axinellida" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="elegans">Trikentrion elegans</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="84C21D6E88CF1FB40E80045CB4A73EF9" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Trikentrion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trikentrion elegans" order="Axinellida" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="elegans">Trikentrion elegans</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Lendenfeld identified by Burton (ZMA Por. 02402, Siboga Exped. Stat. 303, Timor, Samau Island, Haingsisi,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="-10.205">10.2050S</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="A890E09F34CC20E8C350C935971FCFEB" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="-10.205">10.2050S</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="123.4591">123.4591E</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="C172F89885B2D60C9D21F3C1CE22D104" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="123.4591">123.4591E</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
, 23 m), which has the shape and skeletal structure of a small digitate
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Trikentrion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trikentrion flabelliforme" order="Axinellida" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="flabelliforme">Trikentrion flabelliforme</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="CEEBB15239D2D30B8A96B6AFB67A574A" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Trikentrion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trikentrion flabelliforme" order="Axinellida" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="flabelliforme">Trikentrion flabelliforme</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, including ectosomal long thin styles (up to 1350
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="AA2F6FB0647F00EFB58E8D6E82CCDECF" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
12
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="CADE88A90D3F62AF59A6EFD9A12486A6" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
), short thin styles (300-400
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="41D647AF57106BED0C8DB17F33A28468" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
1-3
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="9B03DFB20B57789B015A2817AA7A5E42" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
), a choanosomal reticulation of robust oxeas (300-400
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="C794171DF6FC99C321088500E76AE5BA" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
15-20
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="6CE1BA824776A56978B909BE8A6AC544" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
) and large amounts of trichodragmas
|
||||
<pageBreakToken pageId="41" pageNumber="42" start="start">(</pageBreakToken>
|
||||
<pageBreakToken id="F7E8EC9BFE5E9CCA7DAFEB2CB1E63F43" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" start="start">(</pageBreakToken>
|
||||
60-110
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="DF54AA8C0A5AEA28E7E91B3B18764D14" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
5-15
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="DA576EFF39DEB7CA2B9479FD4F5BB4FF" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
), but lacking polyactine spicules entirely. In view of the occasional rarity of these spicules observed in some specimens of
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Trikentrion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trikentrion flabelliforme" order="Axinellida" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="flabelliforme">Trikentrion flabelliforme</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="B943C74BAB1E45B42BCBB6857A9C69AC" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Trikentrion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trikentrion flabelliforme" order="Axinellida" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="flabelliforme">Trikentrion flabelliforme</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, it is likely that it is a
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="‘deficient’">'deficient'</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="E6FE933AD2B78D2EA10048CEB00E4C31" originalValue="‘deficient’">'deficient'</normalizedToken>
|
||||
specimen of this species. Anecdotal records of
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Trikentrion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trikentrion flabelliforme" order="Axinellida" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="flabelliforme">Trikentrion flabelliforme</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="DA7D470AF7769A2DF5C77AE50ACDBEA7" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Trikentrion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trikentrion flabelliforme" order="Axinellida" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="flabelliforme">Trikentrion flabelliforme</taxonomicName>
|
||||
from northern Australia have also occasionally encountered similarly deficient specimens (B. Alvarez, pers.comm.). The locality of the Siboga specimen is neatly inbetween the type locality and the North and West Australian localities.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
Loading…
Reference in a new issue