374 lines
36 KiB
XML
374 lines
36 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="424BB5ECB34E2365EEB9F26C3C381812">Phylogenomics of Characidae, a hyper-diverse Neotropical freshwater fish lineage, with a phylogenetic classification including four families (Teleostei: Characiformes)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="B7791A8E2A7D541276CE94CC5AC7A99D">Ota, Rafaela P</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="2F4FEBF4DA1D77D87265A85E3B737D40">Lima, Flavio C T</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="98A622DEDB8015BC3FF72ACB9F9841C4">Mattox, George M T</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="821A301E7D21599CDC39E6B6F70B6ECC">Souza, Camila S</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="3C04B0751CE5BDBE1767B44C079D82A6">Faria, Tiago C</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="BFD9415310EAA2A39B5FFC027D7F2FC2">Valdez-Moreno, Martha</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="E689DCF5BB1D6047C275337E1514E5B7">Near, Thomas J</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="C54E249DDCEA68AECACBEF9DB741E01D">Oliveira, Claudio</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="F01BD11D55B0938C6550BB051F08C69D">2024</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="978FC9EDDDD630108785B1329110E9BA">2024-09-03</mods:number>
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<heading id="D0FDB53A6E7EEF3E1AA5FDCE0C50FDC9" box="[903,1366,544,570]" centered="true" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" reason="3">
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<taxonomicName id="4C0A79D56E7EEF3E1AA5FDCE0DE6FDC9" authority="Mirande, 2019" authorityName="Mirande" authorityYear="2019" box="[903,1248,544,570]" family="Spintherobolidae" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rank="family">
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Spintherobolidae
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9B7FA76E7EEF3E1D66FDCE0DE6FDC9" author="Mirande JM" box="[1092,1248,544,570]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="282 - 300" refId="ref32677" refString="Mirande JM. Morphology, molecules and the phylogeny of Characidae (Teleostei: Characiformes). Cladistics 2019; 35: 282 - 300. hups: // doi. org / 10.1111 / cla. 12345" type="journal article" year="2019">Mirande, 2019</bibRefCitation>
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, new usage
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<paragraph id="8BB502566E7EEF3E1A08FD8F0DF6FD8B" blockId="5.[810,1264,609,633]" box="[810,1264,609,633]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
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<emphasis id="B97EDE446E7EEF3E1A08FD8F0A9AFD8B" box="[810,924,609,632]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
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<typeStatus id="54B1BCF46E7EEF3E1A08FD8F0A5CFD8B" box="[810,858,609,632]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Type</typeStatus>
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genus:
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</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C0A79D56E7EEF3E1A83FD8F0DECFD8A" authority="Eigenmann, 1911" authorityName="Eigenmann" authorityYear="1911" box="[929,1258,609,633]" family="Characidae" genus="Spintherobolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B97EDE446E7EEF3E1A83FD8F0D37FD8A" box="[929,1073,609,633]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Spintherobolus</emphasis>
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Eigenmann, 1911
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BB502566E7EEF3E1A08FD740AC6FD22" blockId="5.[810,1459,666,721]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
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<emphasis id="B97EDE446E7EEF3E1A08FD740AC9FD41" box="[810,975,666,690]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Included genera:</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C0A79D56E7EEF3E1AF9FD740C87FD41" authority="Buhrnheim et al., 2008" authorityName="Buhrnheim" authorityYear="2008" box="[987,1409,666,690]" family="Characidae" genus="Amazonspinther" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B97EDE446E7EEF3E1AF9FD740D7AFD41" box="[987,1148,666,690]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Amazonspinther</emphasis>
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Bührnheim
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<emphasis id="B97EDE446E7EEF3E1C2AFD750C30FD41" box="[1288,1334,666,690]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">et al</emphasis>
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., 2008
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="4C0A79D56E7EEF3E1A08FD570ABCFD22" authorityName="Eigenmann" authorityYear="1911" box="[810,954,697,721]" family="Characidae" genus="Spintherobolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B97EDE446E7EEF3E1A08FD570ABCFD22" box="[810,954,697,721]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Spintherobolus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C31051DD6E7EEF3E1A08FD1D0AE7FC7B" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BB502566E7EEF3E1A08FD1D0AE7FC7B" blockId="5.[810,1459,755,904]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
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<emphasis id="B97EDE446E7EEF3E1A08FD1D0A95FCF8" box="[810,915,755,779]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Definition:</emphasis>
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The least inclusive crown clade that contains
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C0A79D56E7EEF3E1A4BFCFC0C78FCD9" authority="Buhrnheim et al., 2008" authorityName="Buhrnheim" authorityYear="2008" box="[873,1406,786,810]" family="Characidae" genus="Amazonspinther" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dalmata">
|
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<emphasis id="B97EDE446E7EEF3E1A4BFCFC0D6AFCD9" box="[873,1132,786,810]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Amazonspinther dalmata</emphasis>
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Bührnheim
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<emphasis id="B97EDE446E7EEF3E1DDCFCFD0C36FCD9" box="[1278,1328,786,810]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">et al</emphasis>
|
||
., 2008
|
||
</taxonomicName>
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||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0A79D56E7EEF3E1A08FCDF0DE2FCBA" authority="Eigenmann, 1911" authorityName="Eigenmann" authorityYear="1911" box="[810,1252,817,841]" family="Characidae" genus="Spintherobolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="papilliferus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97EDE446E7EEF3E1A08FCDF0D2DFCBA" box="[810,1067,817,841]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Spintherobolus papilliferus</emphasis>
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||
Eigenmann, 1911
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
. This is a minimum-crown-clade definition. See
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<figureCitation id="13311ED36E7EEF3E1D61FCBF0D90FC9A" box="[1091,1174,849,873]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="6.[129,194,1842,1866]" captionTargetBox="[244,1358,150,1808]" captionTargetId="figure-6@6.[241,1361,147,1811]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 3. Phylogeny of Spintherobolidae and Stevardiidae and subfamilies Landoninae, Xenurobryconinae, Glandulocaudinae, Argopleurinae, Hemibryconinae, Stevardiinae, Planaltininae, Creagrutinae, and Diapominae based on 1348 nuclear loci of ultraconserved elements (538 472 bp). Numbers near nodes represent bootstrap support." pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Figure 3</figureCitation>
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for a reference phylogeny of
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<taxonomicName id="4C0A79D56E7EEF3E1A08FC9E0ADBFC7B" box="[810,989,880,904]" family="Spintherobolidae" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rank="family">Spintherobolidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C31051DD6E7EEF3E1A08FC470A98FC0C" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="etymology">
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<paragraph id="8BB502566E7EEF3E1A08FC470A98FC0C" blockId="5.[810,1459,937,1024]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97EDE446E7EEF3E1A08FC470A9FFC32" box="[810,921,937,961]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Etymology:</emphasis>
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||
From the ancient Greek σπινθΗΡο (spɪnθˈɜːɹo͡ʊ) meaning a spark and Βόƛος (bˈo͡ʊlo͡ʊz) meaning a throw with a casting net.
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||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
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<subSubSection id="C31051DD6E7EEF3C1A08FBCF08E7FE70" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="8" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8BB502566E7EEF3E1A08FBCF0C79FA61" blockId="5.[810,1460,1057,1990]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
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<emphasis id="B97EDE446E7EEF3E1A08FBCF0A8EFBCA" box="[810,904,1057,1081]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Remarks:</emphasis>
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We delimit the family
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<taxonomicName id="4C0A79D56E7EEF3E1DA9FBCF0C3AFBCA" box="[1163,1340,1057,1081]" family="Spintherobolidae" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rank="family">Spintherobolidae</taxonomicName>
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to include
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0A79D56E7EEF3E1A08FBAF0ACDFBAA" box="[810,971,1089,1113]" family="Characidae" genus="Amazonspinther" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97EDE446E7EEF3E1A08FBAF0ACDFBAA" box="[810,971,1089,1113]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Amazonspinther</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and all species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0A79D56E7EEF3E1DB7FBAF0C23FBAA" authorityName="Eigenmann" authorityYear="1911" box="[1173,1317,1089,1113]" family="Characidae" genus="Spintherobolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97EDE446E7EEF3E1DB7FBAF0C23FBAA" box="[1173,1317,1089,1113]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Spintherobolus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as the sister-lineage of a clade containing
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0A79D56E7EEF3E1D55FB8E0DF0FB8B" box="[1143,1270,1120,1144]" family="Stevardiidae" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rank="family">Stevardiidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0A79D56E7EEF3E1C25FB8E0C7AFB8B" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1825" box="[1287,1404,1120,1144]" family="Characidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Characidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0A79D56E7EEF3E1A08FB910AF5FB64" box="[810,1011,1151,1175]" family="Acestrorhamphidae" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rank="family">Acestrorhamphidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13311ED36E7EEF3E1D26FB910D46FB64" box="[1028,1088,1151,1175]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="4.[129,194,1820,1844]" captionTargetBox="[132,1463,149,1787]" captionTargetId="figure-7@4.[129,1473,146,1790]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figure 2. Phylogenetic relationships of the major clades of Spintherobolidae, Stevardiidae, Characidae, and Acestrorhamphidae based on the 75% complete matrix of 1348 ultraconserved elements (575 taxa; 538 472 bp)." pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Figs 2</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13311ED36E7EEF3E1D6EFB910D5FFB64" box="[1100,1113,1151,1175]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="6.[129,194,1842,1866]" captionTargetBox="[244,1358,150,1808]" captionTargetId="figure-6@6.[241,1361,147,1811]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 3. Phylogeny of Spintherobolidae and Stevardiidae and subfamilies Landoninae, Xenurobryconinae, Glandulocaudinae, Argopleurinae, Hemibryconinae, Stevardiinae, Planaltininae, Creagrutinae, and Diapominae based on 1348 nuclear loci of ultraconserved elements (538 472 bp). Numbers near nodes represent bootstrap support." pageId="5" pageNumber="6">3</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0A79D56E7EEF3E1D4DFB910C26FB64" box="[1135,1312,1151,1175]" family="Spintherobolidae" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rank="family">Spintherobolidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
are supported by 15 unambiguous synapomorphies relative to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0A79D56E7EEF3E1C32FB710D3AFB25" authority="(Buhrnheim et al. 2008)" baseAuthorityName="Buhrnheim" baseAuthorityYear="2008" family="Characidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Cheirodontinae">
|
||
Cheirodontinae (Bührnheim
|
||
<emphasis id="B97EDE446E7EEF3E1A95FB510AE8FB25" box="[951,1006,1214,1238]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2008)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, 10 of which are extensively discussed as synapomorphies for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0A79D56E7EEF3E1D46FB330DF2FB06" authorityName="Eigenmann" authorityYear="1911" box="[1124,1268,1245,1269]" family="Characidae" genus="Spintherobolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97EDE446E7EEF3E1D46FB330DF2FB06" box="[1124,1268,1245,1269]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Spintherobolus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Malabarba 1998; (Weitzman and Malabarba 1998) or a clade containing
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0A79D56E7EEF3E1CBEFB130A7AFAC7" family="Characidae" genus="Amazonspinther" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dalmata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97EDE446E7EEF3E1CBEFB130A7AFAC7" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">A. dalmata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0A79D56E7EEF3E1A91FAF20C49FAC7" authority="(Buhrnheim et al. 2008)" baseAuthorityName="Buhrnheim" baseAuthorityYear="2008" box="[947,1359,1308,1332]" family="Characidae" genus="Spintherobolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97EDE446E7EEF3E1A91FAF20D45FAC7" box="[947,1091,1308,1332]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Spintherobolus</emphasis>
|
||
(Bührnheim
|
||
<emphasis id="B97EDE446E7EEF3E1DF6FAF30C00FAC7" box="[1236,1286,1308,1332]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2008)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The lack of the mesocoracoid was also proposed as a synapomorphy for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0A79D56E7EEF3E1A08FAB50ACDFA80" box="[810,971,1371,1395]" family="Characidae" genus="Amazonspinther" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97EDE446E7EEF3E1A08FAB50ACDFA80" box="[810,971,1371,1395]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Amazonspinther</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0A79D56E7EEF3E1D23FAB50C44FA80" authority="(Mirande 2019)" baseAuthorityName="Mirande" baseAuthorityYear="2019" box="[1025,1346,1371,1395]" family="Characidae" genus="Spintherobolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97EDE446E7EEF3E1D23FAB50D97FA80" box="[1025,1169,1371,1395]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Spintherobolus</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9B7FA76E7EEF3E1D81FAB50C31FA80" author="Mirande JM" box="[1187,1335,1371,1395]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="282 - 300" refId="ref32677" refString="Mirande JM. Morphology, molecules and the phylogeny of Characidae (Teleostei: Characiformes). Cladistics 2019; 35: 282 - 300. hups: // doi. org / 10.1111 / cla. 12345" type="journal article" year="2019">Mirande 2019</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, thus reinterpreted here as synapomorphic for the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0A79D56E7EEF3E1DEAFA940C7DFA61" box="[1224,1403,1402,1426]" family="Spintherobolidae" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rank="family">Spintherobolidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB502566E7EEF3E1A67FA770CB2F835" blockId="5.[810,1460,1057,1990]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
Bührnheim
|
||
<emphasis id="B97EDE446E7EEF3E1AF2FA740D16FA42" box="[976,1040,1433,1457]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2008) hypothesized
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0A79D56E7EEF3E1C01FA770CB5FA42" baseAuthorityName="Mirande" baseAuthorityYear="2019" box="[1315,1459,1433,1457]" family="Characidae" genus="Spintherobolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97EDE446E7EEF3E1C01FA770CB5FA42" box="[1315,1459,1433,1457]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Spintherobolus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0A79D56E7EEF3E1A7CFA570AF9FA22" box="[862,1023,1465,1489]" family="Characidae" genus="Amazonspinther" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97EDE446E7EEF3E1A7CFA570AF9FA22" box="[862,1023,1465,1489]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Amazonspinther</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as sister to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0A79D56E7EEF3E1DB6FA570C3FFA22" box="[1172,1337,1465,1489]" family="Characidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Cheirodontinae">Cheirodontinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The clade
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0A79D56E7EEF3E1A08FA360ABCFA03" baseAuthorityName="Mirande" baseAuthorityYear="2019" box="[810,954,1496,1520]" family="Characidae" genus="Spintherobolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97EDE446E7EEF3E1A08FA360ABCFA03" box="[810,954,1496,1520]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Spintherobolus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0A79D56E7EEF3E1D20FA360DA5FA03" box="[1026,1187,1496,1520]" family="Characidae" genus="Amazonspinther" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97EDE446E7EEF3E1D20FA360DA5FA03" box="[1026,1187,1496,1520]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Amazonspinther</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has not been resolved as closely related to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0A79D56E7EEF3E1D34FA190DBCF9FC" box="[1046,1210,1527,1551]" family="Characidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Cheirodontinae">Cheirodontinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but rather the sister-group of all other characids (Mariguela
|
||
<emphasis id="B97EDE446E7EEF3E1DFCF9F90C0AF9DC" box="[1246,1292,1559,1583]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2013, Melo
|
||
<emphasis id="B97EDE446E7EEF3E1C80F9F90A45F9BD" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2022a). Phylogenies inferred from a combined molecular and morphological dataset resolved former Spintherobolinae (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0A79D56E7EEF3E1A17F99B0AD0F97E" box="[821,982,1653,1677]" family="Characidae" genus="Amazonspinther" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97EDE446E7EEF3E1A17F99B0AD0F97E" box="[821,982,1653,1677]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Amazonspinther</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0A79D56E7EEF3E1AC1F99B0DD8F97E" authority="Myers, 1927" authorityName="Myers" authorityYear="1927" box="[995,1246,1653,1677]" family="Characidae" genus="Atopomesus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97EDE446E7EEF3E1AC1F99B0D51F97F" box="[995,1111,1653,1676]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Atopomesus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9B7FA76E7EEF3E1D7CF99B0DD8F97E" author="Myers GS" box="[1118,1246,1653,1677]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="107 - 35" refId="ref32889" refString="Myers GS. Descriptions of new South American fresh-water fishes collected by Dr. Carl Ternetz. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparatioe Zoology 1927; 68: 107 - 35." type="journal article" year="1927">Myers, 1927</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0A79D56E7EEF3E1C3AF99B0CAEF97E" baseAuthorityName="Mirande" baseAuthorityYear="2019" box="[1304,1448,1653,1677]" family="Characidae" genus="Spintherobolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97EDE446E7EEF3E1C3AF99B0CAEF97E" box="[1304,1448,1653,1677]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Spintherobolus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) as the sister-group of all characids except former
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0A79D56E7EEF3E1C32F97A0AD1F938" authority="(Mirande 2019)" baseAuthorityName="sensu Mirande" baseAuthorityYear="2019" class="Actinopteri" family="Characidae" genus="Stethaprioninae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
Stethaprioninae (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9B7FA76E7EEF3E1A17F95D0ACDF938" author="Mirande JM" box="[821,971,1715,1739]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="282 - 300" refId="ref32677" refString="Mirande JM. Morphology, molecules and the phylogeny of Characidae (Teleostei: Characiformes). Cladistics 2019; 35: 282 - 300. hups: // doi. org / 10.1111 / cla. 12345" type="journal article" year="2019">Mirande 2019</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Only morphological data were available for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0A79D56E7EEF3E1A08F93D0A98F919" authorityName="Myers" authorityYear="1927" box="[810,926,1747,1770]" family="Characidae" genus="Atopomesus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97EDE446E7EEF3E1A08F93D0A98F919" box="[810,926,1747,1770]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Atopomesus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and its resolution within Spintherobolinae had low statistical support (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9B7FA76E7EEF3E1ADFF91C0D93F8F9" author="Mirande JM" box="[1021,1173,1778,1802]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="282 - 300" refId="ref32677" refString="Mirande JM. Morphology, molecules and the phylogeny of Characidae (Teleostei: Characiformes). Cladistics 2019; 35: 282 - 300. hups: // doi. org / 10.1111 / cla. 12345" type="journal article" year="2019">Mirande 2019</bibRefCitation>
|
||
); phylogenetic analysis of the UCE loci resolves
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0A79D56E7EEF3E1D3BF8FC0D8BF8DA" authorityName="Myers" authorityYear="1927" box="[1049,1165,1810,1833]" family="Characidae" genus="Atopomesus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97EDE446E7EEF3E1D3BF8FC0D8BF8DA" box="[1049,1165,1810,1833]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Atopomesus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with high support in a distinct clade within the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0A79D56E7EEF3E1D2EF8DE0D84F8BB" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1825" box="[1036,1154,1840,1864]" family="Characidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Characinae">Characinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The phylogeny inferred from the UCE loci offers a compelling hypothesis that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0A79D56E7EEF3E1C01F8BE0CB5F89B" baseAuthorityName="Mirande" baseAuthorityYear="2019" box="[1315,1459,1872,1896]" family="Characidae" genus="Spintherobolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97EDE446E7EEF3E1C01F8BE0CB5F89B" box="[1315,1459,1872,1896]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Spintherobolus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0A79D56E7EEF3E1A7DF8810D06F874" box="[863,1024,1903,1927]" family="Characidae" genus="Amazonspinther" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97EDE446E7EEF3E1A7DF8810D06F874" box="[863,1024,1903,1927]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Amazonspinther</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
form the sister-group of a clade containing Acestrorhamphidae, Stevardiidae, and Characidae (Betancur-R
|
||
<emphasis id="B97EDE446E7EEF3E1A94F8410AEDF835" box="[950,1003,1966,1990]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2019, Melo
|
||
<emphasis id="B97EDE446E7EEF3E1D5DF8410DA8F835" box="[1151,1198,1966,1990]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2022a; present study).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF7552DE6E7DEF3D19A3F8DC0BE4F871" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" startId="6.[129,194,1842,1866]" targetBox="[244,1358,150,1808]" targetPageId="6">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB502566E7DEF3D19A3F8DC0BE4F871" blockId="6.[129,1467,1842,1922]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97EDE446E7DEF3D19A3F8DC09DEF8B9" bold="true" box="[129,216,1842,1866]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Figure 3.</emphasis>
|
||
Phylogeny of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0A79D56E7DEF3D187FF8DC0B07F8B9" box="[349,513,1842,1866]" family="Spintherobolidae" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rank="family">Spintherobolidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0A79D56E7DEF3D1B0CF8DC0BA4F8B9" box="[558,674,1842,1866]" family="Stevardiidae" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rank="family">Stevardiidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
and subfamilies Landoninae, Xenurobryconinae,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0A79D56E7DEF3D1D54F8DC0C20F8B9" authorityName="Eigenmann" authorityYear="1914" box="[1142,1318,1842,1866]" family="Characidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Glandulocaudinae">Glandulocaudinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, Argopleurinae, Hemibryconinae,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0A79D56E7DEF3D1809F8A008A7F895" box="[299,417,1870,1894]" family="Characidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Stevardiinae">Stevardiinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, Planaltininae, Creagrutinae, and Diapominae based on 1348 nuclear loci of ultraconserved elements (538 472 bp). Numbers near nodes represent bootstrap support.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB502566E7CEF3C1953FF7E08E7FE70" blockId="7.[113,762,144,387]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
Within Spintherobolidae, the Amazonian
|
||
<emphasis id="B97EDE446E7CEF3C1B3EFF7E0BBBFF5B" box="[540,701,144,168]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Amazonspinther</emphasis>
|
||
is the sister-group of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0A79D56E7CEF3C180DFF4108B9FF34" baseAuthorityName="Mirande" baseAuthorityYear="2019" box="[303,447,175,199]" family="Characidae" genus="Spintherobolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97EDE446E7CEF3C180DFF4108B9FF34" box="[303,447,175,199]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Spintherobolus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the Atlantic coastal rivers and upper
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49CECCB46E7CEF3C19C7FF21082CFF14" box="[229,298,207,231]" country="Brazil" name="Parana" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Paraná</collectingRegion>
|
||
with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0A79D56E7CEF3C184BFF2108E9FF14" authorityName="Eigenmann" authorityYear="1911" box="[361,495,207,231]" family="Characidae" genus="Spintherobolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="papilliferus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97EDE446E7CEF3C184BFF2108E9FF14" box="[361,495,207,231]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">S. papilliferus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as sister to all other species, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0A79D56E7CEF3C19F2FF0008B1FEF5" authority="Myers, 1925" authorityName="Myers" authorityYear="1925" box="[208,439,238,262]" family="Characidae" genus="Spintherobolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="broccae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97EDE446E7CEF3C19F2FF000836FEF5" box="[208,304,238,262]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">S. broccae</emphasis>
|
||
Myers, 1925
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sister to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0A79D56E7CEF3C1B36FF00084DFED6" authority="Weitzman and Malabarba, 1999" authorityName="Weitzman and Malabarba" authorityYear="1999" family="Characidae" genus="Spintherobolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ankoseion">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97EDE446E7CEF3C1B36FF000B8AFEF5" box="[532,652,238,262]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">S. ankoseion</emphasis>
|
||
Weitzman and Malabarba, 1999
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0A79D56E7CEF3C18A3FEE009A3FEB6" authority="Weitzman and Malabarba, 1999" authorityName="Weitzman and Malabarba" authorityYear="1999" family="Characidae" genus="Spintherobolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leptoura">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97EDE446E7CEF3C18A3FEE008EFFED6" box="[385,489,269,293]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">S. leptoura</emphasis>
|
||
Weitzman and Malabarba, 1999
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13311ED36E7CEF3C199BFEC309F3FEB6" box="[185,245,301,325]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="6.[129,194,1842,1866]" captionTargetBox="[244,1358,150,1808]" captionTargetId="figure-6@6.[241,1361,147,1811]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 3. Phylogeny of Spintherobolidae and Stevardiidae and subfamilies Landoninae, Xenurobryconinae, Glandulocaudinae, Argopleurinae, Hemibryconinae, Stevardiinae, Planaltininae, Creagrutinae, and Diapominae based on 1348 nuclear loci of ultraconserved elements (538 472 bp). Numbers near nodes represent bootstrap support." pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
). The UCE phylogeny and a previous molecular study are congruent with regards to the relationships within
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0A79D56E7CEF3C1953FE8508DBFE70" authority="(Mauox et al. 2023 a)" baseAuthorityName="Mauox" baseAuthorityYear="2023" box="[113,477,363,387]" family="Characidae" genus="Spintherobolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97EDE446E7CEF3C1953FE850807FE70" box="[113,257,363,387]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Spintherobolus</emphasis>
|
||
(Mattox
|
||
<emphasis id="B97EDE446E7CEF3C187DFE820888FE70" box="[351,398,363,387]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2023a)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |