327 lines
32 KiB
XML
327 lines
32 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="02C94E60620B1628DFD44A4E97C3B283">Phylogenomics of Characidae, a hyper-diverse Neotropical freshwater fish lineage, with a phylogenetic classification including four families (Teleostei: Characiformes)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="74F3730B9FC5BDE97EA0D8594C4BEA75">Melo, Bruno F</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="C7067072EA2E9D4210E507E40C578CC0">Mattox, George M T</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="9EAE0BCF1D86FDA8D53043E5E95A68A5">Souza, Camila S</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="0DFF88D6B919D7133504AFFE5665DB43">Faria, Tiago C</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="C831539B3C2F9EC1AB45B7A8EB1EEC15">2024</mods:date>
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<taxonomicName id="4C0A79D56E71EF311A95F9B70DC8F980" ID-CoL="7ZZ" ID-ENA="7992" authority="Latreille, 1825" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1825" box="[951,1230,1625,1651]" family="Characidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Characidae Latreille, 1825</taxonomicName>
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, new usage
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<paragraph id="8BB502566E71EF311A1BF97E0D94F954" blockId="10.[825,1474,1679,1766]" box="[825,1170,1679,1703]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
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genus:
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</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C0A79D56E71EF311A92F9610D8AF954" authority="Scopoli, 1777" authorityName="Scopoli" authorityYear="1777" box="[944,1164,1679,1703]" family="Characidae" genus="Charax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B97EDE446E71EF311A92F9610AFCF954" box="[944,1018,1679,1703]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Charax</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9B7FA76E71EF311D22F9610D8AF954" author="Scopoli JA" box="[1024,1164,1679,1703]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" refId="ref34402" refString="Scopoli JA. Introductio ad historiam naturalem, sistens genera lapidum, plantarum et animalium hactenus detecta, caracteribus essentialibus donata, in tribus dioisa, subinde ad leges naturae. Prague: Wolfgang Gerle, 1777." type="book" year="1777">Scopoli, 1777</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="B97EDE446E71EF311A1BF9410D0BF934" box="[825,1037,1711,1735]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Included subfamilies:</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C0A79D56E71EF311D39F9410DC8F934" box="[1051,1230,1711,1735]" family="Characidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Aphyocharacinae">Aphyocharacinae</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C0A79D56E71EF311DFDF9410C52F934" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1825" box="[1247,1364,1711,1735]" family="Characidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Characinae">Characinae</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C0A79D56E71EF311C47F9410A8EF915" family="Characidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Cheirodontinae">Cheirodontinae</taxonomicName>
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, Exodontinae, and
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<taxonomicName id="4C0A79D56E71EF311D68F9200C0CF915" authorityName="Gill" authorityYear="1858" box="[1098,1290,1742,1766]" family="Characidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Tetragonopterinae">Tetragonopterinae</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C31051DD6E71EF311A1BF8E90D77F84F" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BB502566E71EF311A1BF8E90D77F84F" blockId="10.[825,1474,1799,1980]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
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<emphasis id="B97EDE446E71EF311A1BF8E90AA4F8EC" box="[825,930,1799,1823]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Definition:</emphasis>
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The least inclusive crown clade that contains
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<taxonomicName id="4C0A79D56E71EF311C5AF8E90D4CF8CD" authority="(Linnaeus, 1758)" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" family="Characidae" genus="Charax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gibbosus">
|
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<emphasis id="B97EDE446E71EF311C5AF8E90A8CF8CC" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Charax gibbosus</emphasis>
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(Linnaeus, 1758)
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C0A79D56E71EF311D74F8C90CB8F8CC" authority="Gunter, 1868" authorityName="Gunther" authorityYear="1868" box="[1110,1470,1831,1855]" family="Characidae" genus="Aphyocharax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pusillus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97EDE446E71EF311D74F8C90C2FF8CC" box="[1110,1321,1831,1855]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Aphyocharax pusillus</emphasis>
|
||
Günter, 1868
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||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0A79D56E71EF311A1BF8A80D8DF8AD" authority="Girard, 1855" authorityName="Girard" authorityYear="1855" box="[825,1163,1862,1886]" family="Characidae" genus="Cheirodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pisciculus">
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||
<emphasis id="B97EDE446E71EF311A1BF8A80D06F8AD" box="[825,1024,1862,1886]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Cheirodon pisciculus</emphasis>
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||
Girard, 1855
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||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0A79D56E71EF311DB6F8A80AD5F88E" authority="Muller and Troschel, 1844" authorityName="Muller and Troschel" authorityYear="1844" family="Characidae" genus="Exodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="paradoxus">
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<emphasis id="B97EDE446E71EF311DB6F8A80C4DF8AD" box="[1172,1355,1862,1886]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Exodon paradoxus</emphasis>
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||
Müller and Troschel, 1844
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0A79D56E71EF311D2AF8880C8DF88E" authority="Cuvier 1816" authorityName="Cuvier" authorityYear="1816" box="[1032,1419,1893,1917]" family="Characidae" genus="Tetragonopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="argenteus">
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||
<emphasis id="B97EDE446E71EF311D2AF8880C00F88E" box="[1032,1286,1894,1917]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Tetragonopterus argenteus</emphasis>
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Cuvier 1816
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</taxonomicName>
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. This is a minimum-crown-clade definition. See Figure 4 for a reference phylogeny of Characidae.
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||
</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C31051DD6E70EF301953FF750883FF01" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="etymology">
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<paragraph id="8BB502566E70EF301953FF750883FF01" blockId="11.[113,762,153,242]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
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<emphasis id="B97EDE446E70EF301953FF7509E7FF40" box="[113,225,155,179]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Etymology:</emphasis>
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||
From the ancient Greek ΧάΡαξ (kˈɑː͡ɹɹaeks) as a name for species of
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<taxonomicName id="4C0A79D56E70EF301862FF55089EFF20" box="[320,408,187,211]" family="Sparidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Sparidae</taxonomicName>
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||
that exhibit teeth on the oral jaws (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9B7FA76E70EF30195EFF34087FFF01" author="Nompson DW" box="[124,377,218,242]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" refId="ref35345" refString="Nompson DW. A Glossary of Greek Fishes. London: Oxford University Press, 1947." type="book" year="1947">Thompson 1947: 284–5</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31051DD6E70EF301953FEFD0BD7FA40" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB502566E70EF301953FEFD0B93FCAC" blockId="11.[113,763,275,1459]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97EDE446E70EF301953FEFD09C9FED8" box="[113,207,275,299]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Remarks:</emphasis>
|
||
There are no known morphological synapomorphies for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0A79D56E70EF3019BEFEDD0815FEB8" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1825" box="[156,275,307,331]" family="Characidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Characidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
; however, most species in the clade have a pseudotympanum, a hiatus of the hypaxial muscle along the anterior portion of the gas bladder (Malabarba 1998; Mattox and Toledo-Piza 2012). The pseudotympanum exhibits different shapes, muscles, and rib delimitation among the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0A79D56E70EF301953FE210822FE14" box="[113,292,463,487]" family="Characidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Aphyocharacinae">Aphyocharacinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0A79D56E70EF30180CFE2108A5FE14" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1825" box="[302,419,463,487]" family="Characidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Characinae">Characinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0A79D56E70EF30188FFE210B57FE14" box="[429,593,463,487]" family="Characidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Cheirodontinae">Cheirodontinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0A79D56E70EF301B7EFE210BFCFE14" authorityName="Durbin" authorityYear="1908" box="[604,762,463,487]" family="Characidae" genus="Hyphessobrycon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97EDE446E70EF301B7EFE210BFCFE14" box="[604,762,463,487]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Hyphessobrycon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(cf. Carvalho 2011), and some species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0A79D56E70EF301B1FFE010BFCFDF4" authorityName="Gill" authorityYear="1858" box="[573,762,495,519]" family="Characidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Tetragonopterinae">Tetragonopterinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Malabarba 1998, Mattox and Toledo-Piza 2012). A pseudotympanum is also present in members of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0A79D56E70EF301BB5FDC30BF1FDB6" box="[663,759,557,581]" family="Alestidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Alestidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0A79D56E70EF301953FDA309F0FD96" box="[113,246,589,613]" family="Crenuchidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Crenuchidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0A79D56E70EF301824FDA3089AFD96" box="[262,412,589,613]" family="Cynodontidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Cynodontidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0A79D56E70EF3018FFFDA30B6AFD96" box="[477,620,589,613]" family="Serrasalmidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Serrasalmidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Zanata and Vari 2005; Mattox and Toledo-Piza 2012, Zanata and Camelier 2014, 2015) and may represent a plesiomorphic condition in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0A79D56E70EF301953FD45080EFD30" baseAuthorityName="Buckup" baseAuthorityYear="1998" box="[113,264,683,707]" class="Characiformes" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="class">Characiformes</taxonomicName>
|
||
as it is present in cithariniforms (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9B7FA76E70EF301BA9FD450BF3FD30" author="Vari RP" box="[651,757,683,707]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="261 - 344" refId="ref35699" refString="Vari RP. Anatomy, relationships and classification of the families Citharinidae and Distichodontidae (Pisces, Characoidea). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History - Zoological Series) 1979; 36: 261 - 344." type="journal article" year="1979">Vari 1979</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, Mattox and Toledo-Piza 2012), siluriforms (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9B7FA76E70EF301B64FD2409A3FCF2" author="Shibaua OA & Vari RP" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="1 - 30" refId="ref34481" refString="Shibaua OA, Vari RP. A new genus of Neotropical rheophilic catfishes, with four new species (Teleostei: Siluriformes: Pseudopimelodidae). Neotropical Ichthyology 2017; 15: 1 - 30." type="journal article" year="2017">Shibatta and Vari 2017</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9B7FA76E70EF301990FD07088DFCF2" author="Slobodian V & Akama A & Dutra GM" box="[178,395,745,769]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="85 - 100" refId="ref34743" refString="Slobodian V, Akama A, Dutra GM. A new species of Pimelodella (Siluriformes: Heptapteridae) from the Guiana Shield, Brazil. Zootaxa 2017; 4338: 85 - 100. hups: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4338.1.4" type="journal article" year="2017">
|
||
Slobodian
|
||
<emphasis id="B97EDE446E70EF301803FD040857FCF2" box="[289,337,745,769]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2017
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9B7FA76E70EF3018B5FD0708CDFCF2" author="Slobodian V & Abreu-Santos B & Pastana MNL" box="[407,459,745,769]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="1 - 13" refId="ref34790" refString="Slobodian V, Abreu-Santos B, Pastana MNL. Ne rediscovery of Pimelodella longipinnis (Borodin, 1927), an enigmatic Atlantic rainforest catfish species from southeastern Brazil (Siluriformes: Heptapteridae). Papeis Aoulsos de Zoologia, Museu de Zoologia da Unioersidade de Sao Paulo 2021; 61: 1 - 13." type="journal article" year="2021">2021</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), gymnotiforms (Dutra
|
||
<emphasis id="B97EDE446E70EF301BE9FD040BFDFCF2" box="[715,763,745,769]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2015), and cypriniforms (e.g. Britz
|
||
<emphasis id="B97EDE446E70EF3018C3FCE70B0DFCD2" box="[481,523,777,801]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2021). However, additional investigations are needed to refine our understanding of this character across
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0A79D56E70EF301861FCA908DCFCAC" baseAuthorityName="Buckup" baseAuthorityYear="1998" box="[323,474,839,863]" class="Characiformes" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="class">Characiformes</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0A79D56E70EF301B29FCA90B97FCAC" box="[523,657,839,863]" order="Ostariophysi" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" rank="order">Ostariophysi</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB502566E70EF3019AFFC8909B0FB6A" blockId="11.[113,763,275,1459]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
Several authors have hypothesized a close relationship between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0A79D56E70EF301997FC68085EFC6D" box="[181,344,902,926]" family="Characidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Cheirodontinae">Cheirodontinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0A79D56E70EF3018AAFC680B3FFC6D" box="[392,569,902,926]" family="Characidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Aphyocharacinae">Aphyocharacinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
based on morphological similarities (Eigenmann 1917, Géry 1977, Malabarba 1998). Alternatively, Mirande (2010) resolved
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0A79D56E70EF301B75FC2B0BFCFC2E" box="[599,762,965,989]" family="Characidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Cheirodontinae">Cheirodontinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
as the sister-group of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0A79D56E70EF30186FFC0A08E5FC0F" baseAuthorityName="Mirande" baseAuthorityYear="2010" box="[333,483,996,1020]" family="Characidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Aphyoditeinae">Aphyoditeinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
and this clade as the sister-group of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0A79D56E70EF3019C0FBED0893FBE8" box="[226,405,1027,1051]" family="Characidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Aphyocharacinae">Aphyocharacinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Molecular phylogenetic studies consistently resolve
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0A79D56E70EF301868FBCD08EBFBC8" box="[330,493,1059,1083]" family="Characidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Cheirodontinae">Cheirodontinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0A79D56E70EF301B0BFBCD0BDCFBC8" box="[553,730,1059,1083]" family="Characidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Aphyocharacinae">Aphyocharacinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
as a monophyletic group (Calcagnotto
|
||
<emphasis id="B97EDE446E70EF3018CCFBAD0B1FFBA9" box="[494,537,1090,1114]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2005, Javonillo
|
||
<emphasis id="B97EDE446E70EF301BE8FBAD0BFDFBA9" box="[714,763,1090,1114]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2010,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9B7FA76E70EF301997FB8F0887FB8A" author="Oliveira C & Avelino GS & Abe KT" box="[181,385,1121,1145]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="1 - 25" refId="ref33245" refString="Oliveira C, Avelino GS, Abe KT et al. Phylogenetic relationships within the speciose family Characidae (Teleostei: Ostariophysi: Characiformes) based on multilocus analysis and extensive ingroup sampling. BMC Eoolutionary Biology 2011; 11: 1 - 25." type="journal article" year="2011">
|
||
Oliveira
|
||
<emphasis id="B97EDE446E70EF301833FB8C083BFB8A" box="[273,317,1121,1145]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2011
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9B7FA76E70EF3018B2FB8F0B7FFB8A" author="Tagliacollo VA & Souza-Lima R & Benine RC" box="[400,633,1121,1145]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" refId="ref35130" refString="Tagliacollo VA, Souza-Lima R, Benine RC et al. Molecular phyl- Molecular Phylogenetics and Eoolution 2012; 64: 297 - 307. hups: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ympev. 2012.04.007" type="book" year="2012">
|
||
Tagliacollo
|
||
<emphasis id="B97EDE446E70EF301B2BFB8C0B30FB8A" box="[521,566,1121,1145]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2012
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, Melo
|
||
<emphasis id="B97EDE446E70EF301BEAFB8C0BF2FB8A" box="[712,756,1121,1145]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2016).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB502566E70EF3019AFFB4E0BD7FA40" blockId="11.[113,763,275,1459]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
In a pre-cladistic study, Géry (1964c) hypothesized a close relationship between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0A79D56E70EF30181FFB5108B7FB24" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1825" box="[317,433,1215,1239]" family="Characidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Characinae">Characinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
and Exodontinae by proposing the tribe
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0A79D56E70EF3019FFFB310854FB04" box="[221,338,1247,1271]" family="Characidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="tribe" tribe="Exodontidi">Exodontidi</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which included
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0A79D56E70EF301B37FB310B66FB04" authorityName="Muller and Troschel" authorityYear="1845" box="[533,608,1247,1271]" family="Characidae" genus="Exodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97EDE446E70EF301B37FB310B66FB04" box="[533,608,1247,1271]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Exodon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0A79D56E70EF301B50FB310BF2FB04" authorityName="Gery" authorityYear="1959" box="[626,756,1247,1271]" family="Characidae" genus="Roeboexodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97EDE446E70EF301B50FB310BF2FB04" box="[626,756,1247,1271]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Roeboexodon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0A79D56E70EF301983FB1008A3FAE5" authority="Gunther, 1864" authorityName=", Gunther" authorityYear="1864" box="[161,421,1278,1302]" family="Characidae" genus="Roeboides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97EDE446E70EF301983FB100804FAE5" box="[161,258,1278,1302]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Roeboides</emphasis>
|
||
Günther, 1864
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Molecular phylogenies support a close relationship between the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0A79D56E70EF3018EEFAF30B46FAC6" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1825" box="[460,576,1309,1333]" family="Characidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Characinae">Characinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
and Exodontinae (Javonillo
|
||
<emphasis id="B97EDE446E70EF3019FDFAD00801FAA6" box="[223,263,1341,1365]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2010,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9B7FA76E70EF301873FAD30B17FAA6" author="Oliveira C & Avelino GS & Abe KT" box="[337,529,1341,1365]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="1 - 25" refId="ref33245" refString="Oliveira C, Avelino GS, Abe KT et al. Phylogenetic relationships within the speciose family Characidae (Teleostei: Ostariophysi: Characiformes) based on multilocus analysis and extensive ingroup sampling. BMC Eoolutionary Biology 2011; 11: 1 - 25." type="journal article" year="2011">
|
||
Oliveira
|
||
<emphasis id="B97EDE446E70EF30188BFAD008D7FAA6" box="[425,465,1341,1365]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2011
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, Melo
|
||
<emphasis id="B97EDE446E70EF301B75FAD00B80FAA6" box="[599,646,1341,1365]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2016), and phylogenomic studies resolve Exodontinae as the sister-lineage of a clade containing
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0A79D56E70EF30186BFA950B00FA60" authorityName="Gill" authorityYear="1858" box="[329,518,1403,1427]" family="Characidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Tetragonopterinae">Tetragonopterinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0A79D56E70EF301B15FA950BADFA60" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1825" box="[567,683,1403,1427]" family="Characidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Characinae">Characinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13311ED36E70EF301B99FA950BF5FA67" box="[699,755,1403,1428]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="12.[129,194,1839,1863]" captionTargetBox="[243,1360,148,1806]" captionTargetId="figure-6@12.[240,1363,145,1809]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Figure 4. Phylogeny of Characidae and subfamilies Aphyocharacinae, Cheirodontinae, Exodontinae, Tetragonopterinae, and Characinae based on 1348 nuclear loci of ultraconserved elements (538 472 bp). Numbers near nodes represent bootstrap support." pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
; Betancur-R
|
||
<emphasis id="B97EDE446E70EF3019C9FA750812FA40" box="[235,276,1435,1459]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2019, Melo
|
||
<emphasis id="B97EDE446E70EF3018BAFA7508C7FA40" box="[408,449,1435,1459]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2022a,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9B7FA76E70EF301B34FA750BC6FA40" author="Souza CS & Melo BF & Mauox GMT" box="[534,704,1435,1459]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" refId="ref34920" refString="Souza CS, Melo BF, Mauox GMT et al. Phylogenomic analysis of the Neotropical fish subfamily Characinae using ultraconserved elements (Teleostei: Characidae). Molecular Phylogenetics and Eoolution 2022; 171: 107462. hups: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ympev. 2022.107462" type="journal volume" year="2022">
|
||
Souza
|
||
<emphasis id="B97EDE446E70EF301B7BFA750B87FA40" box="[601,641,1435,1459]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2022
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |