549 lines
53 KiB
XML
549 lines
53 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="1B9A55446197C7996E4B9B52D347E17E">Phylogenomics of Characidae, a hyper-diverse Neotropical freshwater fish lineage, with a phylogenetic classification including four families (Teleostei: Characiformes)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="2FBA1D058E38D8C06D55352DC6159A16">Melo, Bruno F</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="D6C17EFC5CE281269D0CD7DBC86B6328">Ota, Rafaela P</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="B142E80CBE8B5BAFA9EF149E4B2EA2BE">Benine, Ricardo C</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="20AF53B3D20EAE16DF02DD5DCB35FD6D">Carvalho, Fernando R</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="A28C580D02D3F18DCAE00E71D6D94BBD">Lima, Flavio C T</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="11FD018BE8C64E13520DE9AFA8D7B362">Mattox, George M T</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="EE8391CFA4DF23039A04760327869560">Souza, Camila S</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="6C65B8CDC0A0CA07763FE8B101ED4E13">Faria, Tiago C</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="19733FDD7B794D7D1F122CEB5F294120">Near, Thomas J</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="88756A67DFF5947BC51C4A9A00E115A6">Oliveira, Claudio</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="865634F7BCB8C559C112E15EE7095FBA">2024</mods:date>
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<mods:title id="C157596C30FC009884FF2DF86351D539">Zool. J. Linn. Soc.</mods:title>
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<mods:number id="E39FBEE3B80EF229833B0858F7E7729D">2024-09-03</mods:number>
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<taxonomicName id="4C0A79D56E6FEF2F19B0F9520B50F925" authority="Carvalho, Lima & Melo" authorityName="Carvalho, Lima & Melo" box="[146,598,1724,1750]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Megalamphodinae">
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Megalamphodinae Carvalho,
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<collectingRegion id="49CECCB46E6FEF2F18E8F9520B07F925" box="[458,513,1724,1750]" country="Peru" name="Lima" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Lima</collectingRegion>
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& Melo
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, new subfamilp
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urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:
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</uri>
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.
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<paragraph id="8BB502566E6FEF2F19A3F8B80B5EF89E" blockId="20.[128,778,1877,1990]" box="[129,600,1877,1901]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
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<emphasis id="B97EDE446E6FEF2F19A3F8B809F4F89E" box="[129,242,1878,1901]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
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<typeStatus id="54B1BCF46E6FEF2F19A3F8B809B7F89E" box="[129,177,1878,1901]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Type</typeStatus>
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genus:
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</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C0A79D56E6FEF2F19DAF8BB0B54F89E" authority="Eigenmann, 1915" authorityName="Eigenmann" authorityYear="1915" box="[248,594,1877,1901]" family="Characidae" genus="Megalamphodus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B97EDE446E6FEF2F19DAF8BB089FF89E" box="[248,409,1877,1901]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Megalamphodus</emphasis>
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Eigenmann, 1915
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BB502566E6FEF2F19A3F8610A0CF836" blockId="20.[128,778,1877,1990]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
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<emphasis id="B97EDE446E6FEF2F19A3F86108B2F854" box="[129,436,1935,1959]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Included genera: Axelrodia</emphasis>
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,
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<emphasis id="B97EDE446E6FEF2F18F4F8610B58F854" box="[470,606,1935,1959]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Britanichthys</emphasis>
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Géry, 1965,
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<emphasis id="B97EDE446E6FEF2F19A2F8410816F835" box="[128,272,1967,1990]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Hemigrammus</emphasis>
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(in part),
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<emphasis id="B97EDE446E6FEF2F1883F8400B1CF835" box="[417,538,1966,1990]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Makunaima</emphasis>
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Terán
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||
<emphasis id="B97EDE446E6FEF2F1B59F8410BB7F835" box="[635,689,1966,1990]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">et al</emphasis>
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., 2020,
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C31051DD6E6FEF2F1A1BFF7E0C18FEAC" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BB502566E6FEF2F1A1BFF7E0D04FF34" blockId="20.[825,1474,144,199]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
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<taxonomicName id="4C0A79D56E6FEF2F1A1BFF7E0ADCFF5B" authorityName="Eigenmann" authorityYear="1915" box="[825,986,144,168]" family="Characidae" genus="Megalamphodus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B97EDE446E6FEF2F1A1BFF7E0ADCFF5B" box="[825,986,144,168]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Megalamphodus</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
,
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C0A79D56E6FEF2F1AC8FF7E0DF0FF5B" authority="Gery, 1960" authorityName="Gery" authorityYear="1960" box="[1002,1270,144,168]" family="Characidae" genus="Paracheirodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B97EDE446E6FEF2F1AC8FF7E0D70FF5B" box="[1002,1142,144,168]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Paracheirodon</emphasis>
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||
Géry, 1960
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0A79D56E6FEF2F1C17FF7E0CC4FF5B" authority="Gery and Boutiere, 1964" authorityName="Gery and Boutiere" authorityYear="1964" box="[1333,1474,144,168]" family="Characidae" genus="Petitella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97EDE446E6FEF2F1C17FF7E0C85FF5B" box="[1333,1411,144,168]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Petitella</emphasis>
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||
Géry
|
||
</taxonomicName>
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||
and Boutière, 1964.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BB502566E6FEF2F1A1BFF070C18FEAC" blockId="20.[825,1474,233,351]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
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<emphasis id="B97EDE446E6FEF2F1A1BFF070AA4FEF2" box="[825,930,233,257]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Definition:</emphasis>
|
||
The least inclusive crown clade that contains
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0A79D56E6FEF2F1A1BFEE60D66FED3" authorityName="Eigenmann" authorityYear="1915" box="[825,1120,264,288]" family="Characidae" genus="Megalamphodus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="megalopterus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97EDE446E6FEF2F1A1BFEE60D66FED3" box="[825,1120,264,288]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Megalamphodus megalopterus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
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||
and
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C0A79D56E6FEF2F1DB2FEE70A7DFECC" authority="(Durbin, 1909)" baseAuthorityName="Durbin" baseAuthorityYear="1909" family="Characidae" genus="Hemigrammus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="stictus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97EDE446E6FEF2F1DB2FEE70C64FED3" box="[1168,1378,265,288]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Hemigrammus stictus</emphasis>
|
||
(Durbin, 1909)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. This is a minimum-crown-clade definition. See
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||
<figureCitation id="13311ED36E6FEF2F1C4EFEC90CC4FECC" box="[1388,1474,295,319]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="17.[113,178,1839,1863]" captionTargetBox="[269,1303,147,1805]" captionTargetId="figure-6@17.[266,1306,144,1808]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Figure 5. Phylogeny of Acestrorhamphidae and subfamilies Oxybryconinae, Trochilocharacinae, Stygichthyinae, Megalamphodinae, and Stichonodontinae based on 1348 nuclear loci of ultraconserved elements (538 472 bp). Numbers near nodes represent bootstrap support." pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Figure 5</figureCitation>
|
||
for a reference phylogeny of Megalamphodinae.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31051DD6E6FEF2F1A1BFE980C3EFE5D" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB502566E6FEF2F1A1BFE980C3EFE5D" blockId="20.[825,1474,371,431]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97EDE446E6FEF2F1A1BFE980AAEFE7D" box="[825,936,374,398]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Etymology:</emphasis>
|
||
From the ancient Greek μεγαλάμϕοδος (mˌɛɡəlɐmfˈo͡ʊdo͡ʊz) meaning with spacious ways.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31051DD6E6FEF2E1A1BFE2109F7FE12" lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="22" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB502566E6FEF2F1A1BFE210C61FC4E" blockId="20.[825,1475,463,1991]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97EDE446E6FEF2F1A1BFE210A91FE14" box="[825,919,463,487]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Remarks:</emphasis>
|
||
Megalamphodinae are presented as a new subfamily that includes three major clades: a lineage comprising
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0A79D56E6FEF2F1A1BFDE30D93FDD6" authority="Fowler, 1913" authorityName="Fowler" authorityYear="1913" box="[825,1173,525,549]" family="Characidae" genus="Axelrodia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="stigmatias">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97EDE446E6FEF2F1A1BFDE30D02FDD6" box="[825,1028,525,549]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Axelrodia stigmatias</emphasis>
|
||
Fowler, 1913
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B1BCF46E6FEF2F1D87FDE30DD0FDD6" box="[1189,1238,525,549]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">type</typeStatus>
|
||
species of the genus),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0A79D56E6FEF2F1A1BFDC30DEDFDB6" authority="Gery and Boutiere, 1964" authorityName="Gery and Boutiere" authorityYear="1964" box="[825,1259,557,581]" family="Characidae" genus="Petitella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="georgiae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97EDE446E6FEF2F1A1BFDC30AD9FDB7" box="[825,991,557,581]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Petitella georgiae</emphasis>
|
||
Géry and Boutière, 1964
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B1BCF46E6FEF2F1DD9FDC30C2AFDB6" box="[1275,1324,557,581]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">type</typeStatus>
|
||
species of the genus),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0A79D56E6FEF2F1AA8FDA30DE1FD97" authority="Gery and Mahnert, 1986" authorityName="Gery and Mahnert" authorityYear="1986" box="[906,1255,588,612]" family="Characidae" genus="Petitella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bleheri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97EDE446E6FEF2F1AA8FDA30AE7FD97" box="[906,993,588,612]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">P. bleheri</emphasis>
|
||
Géry and Mahnert, 1986
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0A79D56E6FEF2F1DD3FDA30AD9FD70" authority="(Durbin, 1909)" baseAuthorityName="Durbin" baseAuthorityYear="1909" family="Characidae" genus="Hemigrammus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="stictus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97EDE446E6FEF2F1DD3FDA30CC4FD97" box="[1265,1474,589,612]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Hemigrammus stictus</emphasis>
|
||
(Durbin, 1909)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0A79D56E6FEF2F1ACEFD850C4DFD70" authority="Gery, 1965" authorityName="Gery" authorityYear="1965" box="[1004,1355,619,643]" family="Characidae" genus="Britanichthys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="axelrodi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97EDE446E6FEF2F1ACEFD850DCAFD70" box="[1004,1228,619,643]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Britanichthys axelrodi</emphasis>
|
||
Géry, 1965
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, three species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0A79D56E6FEF2F1AAEFD650D1EFD50" authorityName="Gery" authorityYear="1960" box="[908,1048,651,675]" family="Characidae" genus="Paracheirodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97EDE446E6FEF2F1AAEFD650D1EFD50" box="[908,1048,651,675]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Paracheirodon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0A79D56E6FEF2F1DBFFD650C10FD50" authorityName="Terán, Benitez & Mirande" authorityYear="2020" box="[1181,1302,651,675]" family="Characidae" genus="Makunaima" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97EDE446E6FEF2F1DBFFD650C10FD50" box="[1181,1302,651,675]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Makunaima</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0A79D56E6FEF2F1A1BFD440ADCFD31" authorityName="Eigenmann" authorityYear="1915" box="[825,986,682,706]" family="Characidae" genus="Megalamphodus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97EDE446E6FEF2F1A1BFD440ADCFD31" box="[825,986,682,706]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Megalamphodus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13311ED36E6FEF2F1ACEFD440D20FD31" box="[1004,1062,682,706]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="17.[113,178,1839,1863]" captionTargetBox="[269,1303,147,1805]" captionTargetId="figure-6@17.[266,1306,144,1808]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Figure 5. Phylogeny of Acestrorhamphidae and subfamilies Oxybryconinae, Trochilocharacinae, Stygichthyinae, Megalamphodinae, and Stichonodontinae based on 1348 nuclear loci of ultraconserved elements (538 472 bp). Numbers near nodes represent bootstrap support." pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0A79D56E6FEF2F1D1FFD450C16FD31" baseAuthorityName="Durbin" baseAuthorityYear="1909" box="[1085,1296,683,706]" family="Characidae" genus="Hemigrammus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="stictus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97EDE446E6FEF2F1D1FFD450C16FD31" box="[1085,1296,683,706]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Hemigrammus stictus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a new and undescribed genus from Amazon–Orinoco–Guianas (Melo
|
||
<emphasis id="B97EDE446E6FEF2F1C93FD240A54FCF2" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
in prep.). The genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0A79D56E6FEF2F1D18FD070DB5FCF2" authorityName="Terán, Benitez & Mirande" authorityYear="2020" box="[1082,1203,745,769]" family="Characidae" genus="Makunaima" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97EDE446E6FEF2F1D18FD070DB5FCF2" box="[1082,1203,745,769]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Makunaima</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was described to include the species
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0A79D56E6FEF2F1A9AFCE70C2FFCD3" authority="(Eigenmann, 1911)" baseAuthorityName="Eigenmann" baseAuthorityYear="1911" box="[952,1321,776,800]" family="Characidae" genus="Makunaima" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="guaporensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97EDE446E6FEF2F1A9AFCE70D49FCD3" box="[952,1103,777,800]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">M. guaporensis</emphasis>
|
||
(Eigenmann, 1911)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0A79D56E6FEF2F1C1AFCE70D08FCCC" authority="(Eigenmann, 1909)" baseAuthorityName="Eigenmann" baseAuthorityYear="1909" family="Characidae" genus="Makunaima" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="guianensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97EDE446E6FEF2F1C1AFCE70CC4FCD3" box="[1336,1474,777,800]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">M. guianensis</emphasis>
|
||
(Eigenmann, 1909)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0A79D56E6FEF2F1D74FCC60AF0FCAC" authority="(Eigenmann, 1908) (Teran et al. 2020)" authorityName="Teran et al." authorityYear="2020" baseAuthorityName="Eigenmann" baseAuthorityYear="1908" family="Characidae" genus="Makunaima" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="multidens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97EDE446E6FEF2F1D74FCC60DD9FCCC" box="[1110,1247,807,831]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">M. multidens</emphasis>
|
||
(Eigenmann, 1908) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9B7FA76E6FEF2F1A66FCA90AECFCAC" author="Teran GE & Benitez MF & Mirande M" box="[836,1002,839,863]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" pagination="1217 - 34" refId="ref35255" refString="Teran GE, Benitez MF, Mirande M. Opening the Trojan horse: phylogeny of Astyanax, two new genera and resurrection of Psalidodon (Teleostei: Characidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 2020; 190: 1217 - 34." type="journal article" year="2020">
|
||
Terán
|
||
<emphasis id="B97EDE446E6FEF2F1AA6FCA90AADFCAC" box="[900,939,839,863]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2020
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The UCE phylogeny supports
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0A79D56E6FEF2F1C12FCA90CAFFCAC" authorityName="Terán, Benitez & Mirande" authorityYear="2020" box="[1328,1449,839,863]" family="Characidae" genus="Makunaima" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97EDE446E6FEF2F1C12FCA90CAFFCAC" box="[1328,1449,839,863]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Makunaima</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as monophyletic and includes two additional species,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0A79D56E6FEF2F1C6BFC880D48FC6E" authority="(Eigenmann, 1920)" baseAuthorityName="Eigenmann" baseAuthorityYear="1920" family="Characidae" genus="Makunaima" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pitieri" status="comb. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97EDE446E6FEF2F1C6BFC880A7CFC6E" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Makunaima pitieri</emphasis>
|
||
(Eigenmann, 1920)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24D633F6E6FEF2F1D74FC680C0BFC6E" box="[1110,1293,901,925]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" rank="species">new combination</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, and probably an undescribed species from the Tapajós (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13311ED36E6FEF2F1DE5FC4B0DF9FC4F" box="[1223,1279,932,957]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="17.[113,178,1839,1863]" captionTargetBox="[269,1303,147,1805]" captionTargetId="figure-6@17.[266,1306,144,1808]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Figure 5. Phylogeny of Acestrorhamphidae and subfamilies Oxybryconinae, Trochilocharacinae, Stygichthyinae, Megalamphodinae, and Stichonodontinae based on 1348 nuclear loci of ultraconserved elements (538 472 bp). Numbers near nodes represent bootstrap support." pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<tableCitation id="C68837ED6E6FEF2F1C29FC4B0C50FC4E" box="[1291,1366,933,957]" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="13.[113,168,143,167]" captionTargetBox="[113,1459,188,1953]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Table 1. Nomenclature changes at species-level proposed in this study." pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Table 1</tableCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB502566E6FEF2F1A77FC2A0D99FAE6" blockId="20.[825,1475,463,1991]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0A79D56E6FEF2F1A77FC2A0AF0FC2F" authorityName="Eigenmann" authorityYear="1915" box="[853,1014,964,988]" family="Characidae" genus="Megalamphodus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97EDE446E6FEF2F1A77FC2A0AF0FC2F" box="[853,1014,964,988]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Megalamphodus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was described by Eigenmann (1915) and classified in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0A79D56E6FEF2F1A9BFC0D0D5BFC08" box="[953,1117,995,1019]" family="Characidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Cheirodontinae">Cheirodontinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, based on the presence of a single tooth row in the premaxilla. Species subsequently added to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0A79D56E6FEF2F1A1BFBCC0ADCFBC9" authorityName="Eigenmann" authorityYear="1915" box="[825,986,1058,1082]" family="Characidae" genus="Megalamphodus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97EDE446E6FEF2F1A1BFBCC0ADCFBC9" box="[825,986,1058,1082]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Megalamphodus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
include
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0A79D56E6FEF2F1D13FBCD0C5BFBC9" authority="Fowler, 1943" authorityName="Fowler" authorityYear="1943" box="[1073,1373,1058,1082]" family="Characidae" genus="Megalamphodus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="uruguayensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97EDE446E6FEF2F1D13FBCD0D41FBC9" box="[1073,1095,1059,1082]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">M</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97EDE446E6FEF2F1D71FBCD0DD6FBC9" box="[1107,1232,1059,1082]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">uruguayensis</emphasis>
|
||
Fowler, 1943
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0A79D56E6FEF2F1C44FBCD0AB7FBAA" authority="Gery, 1960" authorityName="Gery" authorityYear="1960" family="Characidae" genus="Megalamphodus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="roseus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97EDE446E6FEF2F1C44FBCD0C7AFBC9" box="[1382,1404,1059,1082]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">M</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97EDE446E6FEF2F1CA5FBCD0CC4FBC9" box="[1415,1474,1059,1082]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">roseus</emphasis>
|
||
Géry, 1960
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0A79D56E6FEF2F1AD7FBAC0DE8FBAA" authority="Gery, 1961" authorityName="Gery" authorityYear="1961" box="[1013,1262,1089,1113]" family="Characidae" genus="Megalamphodus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sweglesi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97EDE446E6FEF2F1AD7FBAC0D0DFBAA" box="[1013,1035,1090,1113]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">M</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97EDE446E6FEF2F1D3FFBAF0D6EFBAA" box="[1053,1128,1089,1113]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">sweglesi</emphasis>
|
||
Géry, 1961
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Géry (1977) considered
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0A79D56E6FEF2F1AA8FB8F0D2DFB8A" authorityName="Eigenmann" authorityYear="1915" box="[906,1067,1121,1145]" family="Characidae" genus="Megalamphodus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97EDE446E6FEF2F1AA8FB8F0D2DFB8A" box="[906,1067,1121,1145]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Megalamphodus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as belonging to the ‘
|
||
<emphasis id="B97EDE446E6FEF2F1C21FB8F0C5CFB8A" box="[1283,1370,1121,1145]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Pristella-</emphasis>
|
||
group’, together with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0A79D56E6FEF2F1A91FB6E0DBAFB6B" authority="Eigenmann, 1908" authorityName="Eigenmann" authorityYear="1908" box="[947,1212,1152,1176]" family="Characidae" genus="Pristella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97EDE446E6FEF2F1A91FB6E0D04FB6B" box="[947,1026,1152,1176]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Pristella</emphasis>
|
||
Eigenmann, 1908
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. However, Weitzman and Palmer (1997) noticed that large specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0A79D56E6FEF2F1C03FB710ABFFB25" authorityName="Eigenmann" authorityYear="1915" family="Characidae" genus="Megalamphodus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="megalopterus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97EDE446E6FEF2F1C03FB710ABFFB25" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Megalamphodus megalopterus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B1BCF46E6FEF2F1AD3FB510D19FB24" box="[1009,1055,1215,1239]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">type</typeStatus>
|
||
species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0A79D56E6FEF2F1DB5FB500C3EFB25" authorityName="Eigenmann" authorityYear="1915" box="[1175,1336,1214,1238]" family="Characidae" genus="Megalamphodus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97EDE446E6FEF2F1DB5FB500C3EFB25" box="[1175,1336,1214,1238]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Megalamphodus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, possess two premaxillary tooth rows, and considered
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0A79D56E6FEF2F1C25FB300CAEFB05" authorityName="Eigenmann" authorityYear="1915" box="[1287,1448,1246,1270]" family="Characidae" genus="Megalamphodus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97EDE446E6FEF2F1C25FB300CAEFB05" box="[1287,1448,1246,1270]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Megalamphodus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
a junior synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0A79D56E6FEF2F1AD9FB130D9FFAE6" authorityName="Durbin" authorityYear="1908" box="[1019,1177,1277,1301]" family="Characidae" genus="Hyphessobrycon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97EDE446E6FEF2F1AD9FB130D9FFAE6" box="[1019,1177,1277,1301]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Hyphessobrycon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB502566E6FEF2F1A77FAF30C70F8D9" blockId="20.[825,1475,463,1991]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||
The present phylogeny supports part of the monophyletic group of rosy tetras (
|
||
<emphasis id="B97EDE446E6FEF2F1D28FAD30D3BFAA7" box="[1034,1085,1341,1364]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">sensu</emphasis>
|
||
Weitzman and Palmer 1997); thus, we revalidate
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0A79D56E6FEF2F1A83FAB50D44FA80" authorityName="Eigenmann" authorityYear="1915" box="[929,1090,1371,1395]" family="Characidae" genus="Megalamphodus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97EDE446E6FEF2F1A83FAB50D44FA80" box="[929,1090,1371,1395]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Megalamphodus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
to accommodate these species (
|
||
<tableCitation id="C68837ED6E6FEF2F1CABFAB50A40FA60" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="13.[113,168,143,167]" captionTargetBox="[113,1459,188,1953]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Table 1. Nomenclature changes at species-level proposed in this study." pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Table 1</tableCitation>
|
||
), namely:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0A79D56E6FEF2F1A95FA950DC0FA60" authority="(Durbin, 1908)" baseAuthorityName="Durbin" baseAuthorityYear="1908" box="[951,1222,1402,1427]" family="Characidae" genus="Megalamphodus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bentosi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97EDE446E6FEF2F1A95FA950D1AFA61" box="[951,1052,1402,1426]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">M. bentosi</emphasis>
|
||
(Durbin, 1908)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(former
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0A79D56E6FEF2F1C06FA940A7AFA41" authorityName="Durbin" authorityYear="1908" family="Characidae" genus="Hyphessobrycon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bentosi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97EDE446E6FEF2F1C06FA940A7AFA41" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Hyphessobrycon bentosi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0A79D56E6FEF2F1ABAFA750D1CFA41" baseAuthorityName="Durbin" baseAuthorityYear="1908" box="[920,1050,1434,1458]" family="Characidae" genus="Megalamphodus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="copelandi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97EDE446E6FEF2F1ABAFA750D1CFA41" box="[920,1050,1434,1458]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">M. copelandi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Durbin in Eigenmann, 1908) (former
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0A79D56E6FEF2F1A1BFA570D3CFA22" authorityName="Durbin" authorityYear="1908" box="[825,1082,1465,1489]" family="Characidae" genus="Hyphessobrycon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="copelandi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97EDE446E6FEF2F1A1BFA570D3CFA22" box="[825,1082,1465,1489]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Hyphessobrycon copelandi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0A79D56E6FEF2F1D73FA540A7FFA02" authority="(Weitzman and Palmer, 1997)" baseAuthorityName="Weitzman and Palmer" baseAuthorityYear="1997" family="Characidae" genus="Megalamphodus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="epicharis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97EDE446E6FEF2F1D73FA540DCFFA22" box="[1105,1225,1465,1489]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">M. epicharis</emphasis>
|
||
(Weitzman and Palmer, 1997)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(former
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0A79D56E6FEF2F1AECFA360DC2FA03" authorityName="Weitzman & Palmer" authorityYear="1997" box="[974,1220,1496,1520]" family="Characidae" genus="Hyphessobrycon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="epicharis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97EDE446E6FEF2F1AECFA360DC2FA03" box="[974,1220,1496,1520]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Hyphessobrycon epicharis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0A79D56E6FEF2F1DF5FA370A7FF9E3" authority="(Steindachner, 1882)" baseAuthorityName="Steindachner" baseAuthorityYear="1882" family="Characidae" genus="Megalamphodus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="eques">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97EDE446E6FEF2F1DF5FA370C2FFA03" box="[1239,1321,1497,1520]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">M.eques</emphasis>
|
||
(Steindachner, 1882)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(former
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0A79D56E6FEF2F1AF1FA160DACF9E3" baseAuthorityName="Steindachner" baseAuthorityYear="1882" box="[979,1194,1528,1552]" family="Characidae" genus="Hyphessobrycon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="eques">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97EDE446E6FEF2F1AF1FA160DACF9E3" box="[979,1194,1528,1552]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Hyphessobrycon eques</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0A79D56E6FEF2F1DE2FA170A7EF9DC" authority="(Fowler, 1943)" baseAuthorityName="Fowler" baseAuthorityYear="1943" family="Characidae" genus="Hyphessobrycon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="erythrostigma">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97EDE446E6FEF2F1DE2FA170C61F9E3" box="[1216,1383,1528,1552]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">M. erythrostigma</emphasis>
|
||
(Fowler, 1943)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(former
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0A79D56E6FEF2F1AF7F9F90C06F9DC" baseAuthorityName="Fowler" baseAuthorityYear="1943" box="[981,1280,1559,1583]" family="Characidae" genus="Hyphessobrycon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="erythrostigma">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97EDE446E6FEF2F1AF7F9F90C06F9DC" box="[981,1280,1559,1583]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Hyphessobrycon erythrostigma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0A79D56E6FEF2F1C34F9F60AF3F9BD" authority="(Travassos, 1960)" baseAuthorityName="Travassos" baseAuthorityYear="1960" family="Characidae" genus="Megalamphodus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="haraldschultzi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97EDE446E6FEF2F1C34F9F60CC4F9DC" box="[1302,1474,1559,1583]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">M. haraldschultzi</emphasis>
|
||
(Travassos, 1960)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(former
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0A79D56E6FEF2F1D7BF9D80C8AF9BD" authorityName="Travassos" authorityYear="1960" box="[1113,1420,1590,1614]" family="Characidae" genus="Hyphessobrycon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="haraldschultzi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97EDE446E6FEF2F1D7BF9D80C8AF9BD" box="[1113,1420,1590,1614]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Hyphessobrycon haraldschultzi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0A79D56E6FEF2F1C84F9D90D45F99D" authority="(Zarske, 2008)" baseAuthorityName="Zarske" baseAuthorityYear="2008" family="Characidae" genus="Megalamphodus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="khardinae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97EDE446E6FEF2F1C84F9D90A9DF99D" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">M. khardinae</emphasis>
|
||
(Zarske, 2008)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(former
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0A79D56E6FEF2F1D85F9B80CB7F99D" authorityName="Zarske" authorityYear="2008" box="[1191,1457,1622,1646]" family="Characidae" genus="Hyphessobrycon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="khardinae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97EDE446E6FEF2F1D85F9B80CB7F99D" box="[1191,1457,1622,1646]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Hyphessobrycon khardinae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0A79D56E6FEF2F1A1BF9980ADCF97E" authorityName="Eigenmann" authorityYear="1915" box="[825,986,1653,1677]" family="Characidae" genus="Megalamphodus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="megalopterus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97EDE446E6FEF2F1A1BF9980ADCF97E" box="[825,986,1653,1677]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">M. megalopterus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(former
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0A79D56E6FEF2F1D14F99B0C5FF97E" baseAuthorityName="Eigenmann" baseAuthorityYear="1915" box="[1078,1369,1653,1677]" family="Characidae" genus="Hyphessobrycon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="megalopterus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97EDE446E6FEF2F1D14F99B0C5FF97E" box="[1078,1369,1653,1677]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Hyphessobrycon megalopterus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B1BCF46E6FEF2F1C47F9980C95F97D" box="[1381,1427,1654,1678]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">type</typeStatus>
|
||
species),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0A79D56E6FEF2F1A54F97B0DC0F95F" authority="Eigenmann, 1915" authorityName="Eigenmann" authorityYear="1915" box="[886,1222,1684,1708]" family="Characidae" genus="Megalamphodus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="micropterus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97EDE446E6FEF2F1A54F97B0D0CF95F" box="[886,1034,1685,1708]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">M. micropterus</emphasis>
|
||
Eigenmann, 1915
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(former
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0A79D56E6FEF2F1C06F97A0AADF938" baseAuthorityName="Eigenmann" baseAuthorityYear="1915" family="Characidae" genus="Hyphessobrycon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="micropterus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97EDE446E6FEF2F1C06F97A0AADF938" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Hyphessobrycon micropterus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0A79D56E6FEF2F1AF9F95A0C54F93F" authority="(Weitzman, 1977)" baseAuthorityName="Weitzman" baseAuthorityYear="1977" box="[987,1362,1716,1740]" family="Characidae" genus="Megalamphodus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="socolofi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97EDE446E6FEF2F1AF9F95A0D5AF93F" box="[987,1116,1716,1740]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">M. socolofi</emphasis>
|
||
(Weitzman, 1977)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(former
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0A79D56E6FEF2F1A1BF93D0D2CF918" authorityName="Weitzman" authorityYear="1977" box="[825,1066,1747,1771]" family="Characidae" genus="Hyphessobrycon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="socolofi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97EDE446E6FEF2F1A1BF93D0D2CF918" box="[825,1066,1747,1771]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Hyphessobrycon socolofi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0A79D56E6FEF2F1D65F93A0DBDF918" authorityName="Gery" authorityYear="1961" box="[1095,1211,1747,1771]" family="Characidae" genus="Megalamphodus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sweglesi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97EDE446E6FEF2F1D65F93A0DBDF918" box="[1095,1211,1747,1771]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">M. sweglesi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(former
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0A79D56E6FEF2F1C06F93D0A82F8F9" baseAuthorityName="Gery" baseAuthorityYear="1961" family="Characidae" genus="Hyphessobrycon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sweglesi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97EDE446E6FEF2F1C06F93D0A82F8F9" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Hyphessobrycon sweglesi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), and two possibly new species:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0A79D56E6FEF2F1DDFF91D0A8FF8D9" baseAuthorityName="Durbin" baseAuthorityYear="1909" family="Characidae" genus="Megalamphodus" isUncertain="true" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rosaceus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97EDE446E6FEF2F1DDFF91D0C98F8F8" box="[1277,1438,1779,1803]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Megalamphodus</emphasis>
|
||
cf.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97EDE446E6FEF2F1A1BF8FD0A8FF8D9" box="[825,905,1811,1834]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">rosaceus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0A79D56E6FEF2F1A98F8FC0D7AF8DA" box="[954,1148,1810,1834]" family="Characidae" genus="Megalamphodus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97EDE446E6FEF2F1A98F8FC0D5DF8D9" box="[954,1115,1810,1834]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Megalamphodus</emphasis>
|
||
sp.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Leticia (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13311ED36E6FEF2F1DF4F8FC0C08F8D9" box="[1238,1294,1810,1834]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="17.[113,178,1839,1863]" captionTargetBox="[269,1303,147,1805]" captionTargetId="figure-6@17.[266,1306,144,1808]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Figure 5. Phylogeny of Acestrorhamphidae and subfamilies Oxybryconinae, Trochilocharacinae, Stygichthyinae, Megalamphodinae, and Stichonodontinae based on 1348 nuclear loci of ultraconserved elements (538 472 bp). Numbers near nodes represent bootstrap support." pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<tableCitation id="C68837ED6E6FEF2F1C39F8FC0C60F8D9" box="[1307,1382,1810,1834]" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="13.[113,168,143,167]" captionTargetBox="[113,1459,188,1953]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Table 1. Nomenclature changes at species-level proposed in this study." pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Table 1</tableCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB502566E6FEF2F1A77F8DF0CC4F834" blockId="20.[825,1475,463,1991]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||
Species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0A79D56E6FEF2F1AE7F8DF0D60F8BA" authorityName="Eigenmann" authorityYear="1915" box="[965,1126,1841,1865]" family="Characidae" genus="Megalamphodus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97EDE446E6FEF2F1AE7F8DF0D60F8BA" box="[965,1126,1841,1865]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Megalamphodus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have been included in molecular and morphological phylogenetic analyses and the resolution of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0A79D56E6FEF2F1A1BF89F0ADDF87B" baseAuthorityName="Eigenmann" baseAuthorityYear="1915" box="[825,987,1904,1928]" family="Characidae" genus="Hyphessobrycon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="megalopterus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97EDE446E6FEF2F1A1BF89F0ADDF87B" box="[825,987,1904,1928]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">M. megalopterus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the ‘rosy tetra clade’ justifies the resurrection of
|
||
<emphasis id="B97EDE446E6FEF2F1A70F8610AF5F854" box="[850,1011,1935,1959]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Megalamphodus</emphasis>
|
||
as a valid genus (Javonillo
|
||
<emphasis id="B97EDE446E6FEF2F1C22F87E0C2EF854" box="[1280,1320,1935,1959]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2010, Oliveira
|
||
<emphasis id="B97EDE446E6FEF2F1A1BF8410A64F834" box="[825,866,1967,1991]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2011, Mirande 2019). The relationships among lineages of
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB502566E6EEF2E1953FF7E09F7FE12" blockId="21.[113,763,144,481]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
|
||
Megalamphodinae have been investigated with morphological and phylogenomic datasets (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9B7FA76E6EEF2E18B1FF410B31FF34" author="Teran GE & Benitez MF & Mirande M" box="[403,567,175,199]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" pagination="1217 - 34" refId="ref35255" refString="Teran GE, Benitez MF, Mirande M. Opening the Trojan horse: phylogeny of Astyanax, two new genera and resurrection of Psalidodon (Teleostei: Characidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 2020; 190: 1217 - 34." type="journal article" year="2020">
|
||
Terán
|
||
<emphasis id="B97EDE446E6EEF2E18F0FF5E08FFFF34" box="[466,505,175,199]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2020
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, Melo
|
||
<emphasis id="B97EDE446E6EEF2E1B58FF5E0BA7FF34" box="[634,673,175,199]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2022a). A feature shared by the majority of species of Megalamphodinae is the presence of red, reddish, or reddish brown pigmentation over most or entire bodies.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0A79D56E6EEF2E18BBFEE30B3CFED6" authorityName="Eigenmann" authorityYear="1915" box="[409,570,269,293]" family="Characidae" genus="Megalamphodus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97EDE446E6EEF2E18BBFEE30B3CFED6" box="[409,570,269,293]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Megalamphodus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can be diagnosed by the presence of a conspicuous black blotch on the dorsal fin. Most species of Megalamphodinae are distributed in cis-Andean northern South America (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13311ED36E6EEF2E18A0FE8508BAFE70" box="[386,444,363,387]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="17.[113,178,1839,1863]" captionTargetBox="[269,1303,147,1805]" captionTargetId="figure-6@17.[266,1306,144,1808]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Figure 5. Phylogeny of Acestrorhamphidae and subfamilies Oxybryconinae, Trochilocharacinae, Stygichthyinae, Megalamphodinae, and Stichonodontinae based on 1348 nuclear loci of ultraconserved elements (538 472 bp). Numbers near nodes represent bootstrap support." pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
), and many are popular in the ornamental fish trade as, for example,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0A79D56E6EEF2E1B24FE650BD7FE51" authorityName="Fowler" authorityYear="1913" box="[518,721,395,419]" family="Characidae" genus="Axelrodia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="stigmatias">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97EDE446E6EEF2E1B24FE650BD7FE51" box="[518,721,395,419]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Axelrodia stigmatias</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0A79D56E6EEF2E1BFDFE6509B2FE31" authorityName="Durbin" authorityYear="1908" family="Characidae" genus="Hyphessobrycon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bentosi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97EDE446E6EEF2E1BFDFE6509B2FE31" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">M. bentosi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0A79D56E6EEF2E19E6FE450818FE31" baseAuthorityName="Steindachner" baseAuthorityYear="1882" box="[196,286,427,450]" family="Characidae" genus="Hyphessobrycon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="eques">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97EDE446E6EEF2E19E6FE450818FE31" box="[196,286,427,450]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">M. eques</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0A79D56E6EEF2E180CFE4508DFFE31" baseAuthorityName="Fowler" baseAuthorityYear="1943" box="[302,473,426,450]" family="Characidae" genus="Hyphessobrycon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="erythrostigma">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97EDE446E6EEF2E180CFE4508DFFE31" box="[302,473,426,450]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">M. erythrostigma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0A79D56E6EEF2E18CBFE450B5FFE31" baseAuthorityName="Gery" baseAuthorityYear="1961" box="[489,601,426,450]" family="Characidae" genus="Hyphessobrycon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sweglesi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97EDE446E6EEF2E18CBFE450B5FFE31" box="[489,601,426,450]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">M. sweglesi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0A79D56E6EEF2E1B4AFE440BF2FE31" authorityName="Gery" authorityYear="1960" box="[616,756,426,450]" family="Characidae" genus="Paracheirodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97EDE446E6EEF2E1B4AFE440BF2FE31" box="[616,756,426,450]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Paracheirodon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0A79D56E6EEF2E19BFFE2709EDFE12" authorityName="Gery and Boutiere" authorityYear="1964" box="[157,235,457,481]" family="Characidae" genus="Petitella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97EDE446E6EEF2E19BFFE2709EDFE12" box="[157,235,457,481]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Petitella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |