314 lines
47 KiB
XML
314 lines
47 KiB
XML
<document id="7A0B2873014A19E2604C5644542AAAB5" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.186181" ID-GBIF-Dataset="8342c0d0-1bb2-4dea-822b-058a67b03dae" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="186181" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1461047469653" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Dautova, Tatyana N. & Savinkin, Oleg V." docDate="2009" docId="B771771D3622391EE894FB36FBEBA5BB" docLanguage="en" docName="zt02027p027.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 2027" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Sinularia arctium Dautova & Savinkin, 2009, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="10" lastPageNumber="11" masterDocId="4B480F65362B3915E803FFC7FFA7A74D" masterDocTitle="New data on soft corals (Cnidaria: Octocorallia: Alcyonacea) from Nha Trang Bay, South China Sea" masterLastPageNumber="27" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="10" updateTime="1698577615394" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:titleInfo id="0AD094D88F7182470232C62BBE0611F5">
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<mods:title id="5AF01921FC9CF302A96766B546F8468A">New data on soft corals (Cnidaria: Octocorallia: Alcyonacea) from Nha Trang Bay, South China Sea</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="1B4C3DD9A349F9E85C09968F8DEC2381" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="9BBCB61154970847B35C84743F795527">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="4E4B629208B304C054E8084D404A31DF">Dautova, Tatyana N.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm id="F76677249034BD77977C0A6510C343D7">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="53917C8B48709A8715A6F92AA59F2E3E">Savinkin, Oleg V.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="EAD91D41D9D70C805BE2044597D28B59">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="C04E375F995E0A4FB1F90FF180A072EE">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="8239B4CA264C5B45D157AE562554F3FD">
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<mods:date id="7143CAE2E277910DA878BAC5BBB9BD05">2009</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="833C40C0263F030FE1CF83724CD0907D" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="1C560E0ECFE6E94731D8B99585159C1C">2027</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="9832CD686CC2ECCA11E6B0A2640468F0">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="DE9E4FA0CF599D25AC04D4F3366B19E8" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.186181</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="FAFA23C5DB74F2F4624785ED669C55E3" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="0084742A977A2C4DC3797D7AB3CBEA9C" type="Zenodo-Dep">186181</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="B771771D3622391EE894FB36FBEBA5BB" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6221725" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119611157" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6221725" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B771771D3622391EE894FB36FBEBA5BB" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/B771771D3622391EE894FB36FBEBA5BB" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="11" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
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<subSubSection id="77C295803622391CE894FB36FE81A263" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="3F67C60B3622391CE894FB36FE74A247" blockId="9.[151,467,1264,1326]" box="[151,467,1264,1291]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
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<heading id="642F71673622391CE894FB36FE74A247" bold="true" box="[151,467,1264,1291]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="0DAC1A193622391CE894FB36FE74A247" bold="true" box="[151,467,1264,1291]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
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<taxonomicName id="F8D8BD883622391CE894FB36FEC9A246" ID-CoL="4XMBW" box="[151,366,1265,1291]" class="Anthozoa" family="Alcyoniidae" genus="Sinularia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="arctium" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="0DAC1A193622391CE894FB36FEC9A246" bold="true" box="[151,366,1265,1291]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Sinularia arctium</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="169FA7623622391CE975FB37FE74A247" box="[374,467,1264,1290]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="3F67C60B3622391CE894FAD3FE81A263" blockId="9.[151,467,1264,1326]" box="[151,294,1300,1326]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
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(
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<figureCitation id="A7E3DA8E3622391CE89CFAD3FEBAA263" box="[159,285,1300,1326]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 8" captionStart-1="FIGURE 9" captionStart-2="FIGURE 10" captionStart-3="FIGURE 11" captionStart-4="FIGURE 12" captionStart-5="FIGURE 13" captionStart-6="FIGURE 14" captionStart-7="FIGURE 15" captionStartId-0="10.[151,255,1632,1656]" captionStartId-1="11.[151,255,1780,1804]" captionStartId-2="12.[151,256,1824,1848]" captionStartId-3="13.[151,257,1979,2003]" captionStartId-4="14.[151,257,1964,1988]" captionStartId-5="15.[151,257,1206,1230]" captionStartId-6="18.[151,255,1233,1257]" captionStartId-7="16.[151,255,1171,1195]" captionTargetBox-0="[238,1354,877,1620]" captionTargetBox-2="[151,1436,197,1797]" captionTargetBox-3="[151,1436,189,1952]" captionTargetBox-4="[181,1416,194,1937]" captionTargetBox-5="[151,1435,194,1182]" captionTargetBox-6="[151,1435,197,1208]" captionTargetBox-7="[226,1360,390,1146]" captionTargetId-0="figure@10.[238,1354,877,1620]" captionTargetId-2="figure@12.[151,1436,197,1799]" captionTargetId-3="figure@13.[151,1436,189,1954]" captionTargetId-4="figure@14.[181,1417,194,1939]" captionTargetId-5="figure@15.[151,1436,194,1182]" captionTargetId-6="figure@18.[151,1436,197,1208]" captionTargetId-7="figure@16.[226,1360,390,1146]" captionTargetPageId-0="10" captionTargetPageId-2="12" captionTargetPageId-3="13" captionTargetPageId-4="14" captionTargetPageId-5="15" captionTargetPageId-6="18" captionTargetPageId-7="16" captionText-0="FIGURE 8. Sinularia arctium sp. nov., living colonies, depth 12 m, Dung Island, Nha Trang Bay, South China Sea." captionText-1="FIGURE 9. Sinularia arctium sp. nov., holotype MIMB 16536." captionText-2="FIGURE 10. Sinularia arctium sp. nov., holotype MIMB 16536, sclerites: A, polyp; B, clubs from the lobes and disk surface; C, notched tubercles on the head of a club." captionText-3="FIGURE 11. Sinularia arctium sp. nov., holotype MIMB 16536, sclerites from the lobes and disk surface: A, longhandled clubs; B, club-like spindles and spindles." captionText-4="FIGURE 12. Sinularia arctium sp. nov., holotype MIMB 16536, sclerites from the stalk surface: A, clubs; B, large robust clubs; C, club-like spindles and spindles." captionText-5="FIGURE 13. Sinularia arctium sp. nov., holotype MIMB 16536, lobe interior sclerites: A, close-up of tubercles; B, spindles." captionText-6="FIGURE 14. Sinularia arctium sp. nov., holotype MIMB 16536, interior sclerites from stalk: A, close-up of tubercles; B, long spindles with tapering ends; C, short and thick spindles with rounded ends." captionText-7="FIGURE 15. Sinularia manaarensis Verseveldt, 1980, live colonies showing colour variation, depth 12 m, Mot Island, Nha Trang Bay, South China Sea." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/186189/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/186190/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/186191/files/figure.png" httpUri-4="https://zenodo.org/record/186192/files/figure.png" httpUri-5="https://zenodo.org/record/186193/files/figure.png" httpUri-6="https://zenodo.org/record/186196/files/figure.png" httpUri-7="https://zenodo.org/record/186194/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Figs. 8–15</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="77C295803622391CE894FA98FC7EA2ED" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="3F67C60B3622391CE894FA98FC7EA2ED" blockId="9.[151,1436,1373,2020]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
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<emphasis id="0DAC1A193622391CE894FA98FE2DA234" bold="true" box="[151,394,1375,1401]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Material examined.</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="0DAC1A193622391CE992FAA7FDA0A234" box="[401,519,1376,1401]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
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<typeStatus id="E06378A93622391CE992FAA7FDA7A234" box="[401,512,1376,1401]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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:
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</emphasis>
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<collectionCode id="59C95ECE3622391CEA0EFAA7FDF9A237" box="[525,606,1376,1402]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/063z-3mpp" name="Museum of the Institute of Marine Biology" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">MIMB</collectionCode>
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16536,
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<specimenCount id="29DE0D823622391CEABFFAA7FCE3A237" box="[700,836,1376,1402]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="5AECA0CC3622391CEB4CFAA7FC65A237" box="[847,962,1373,1402]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" precision="925" value="12.266666">12° 16′ N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="5AECA0CC3622391CEBCEFAA7FBC6A237" box="[973,1121,1373,1402]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" precision="92" value="109.363335">109° 21.8′ E</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<quantity id="F8206BEE3622391CEC6EFAA7FB0CA237" box="[1133,1195,1376,1402]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" unit="m" value="12.0">12 m</quantity>
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,
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<date id="4B66E0CB3622391CECB5FAA7FAE8A237" box="[1206,1359,1376,1402]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" value="2005-11-11">11 Nov 2005</date>
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, Dung Island, Nha Trang Bay, South
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<collectingCountry id="47CF869B3622391CE9FAFA41FD98A2ED" box="[505,575,1414,1440]" name="China" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">China</collectingCountry>
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Sea,
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<collectingCountry id="47CF869B3622391CEA7CFA41FD42A2ED" box="[639,741,1414,1440]" name="Vietnam" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
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, coll. T. N. Dautova.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="77C295803622391FE8C5FA6AFF4AA079" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="11" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="description">
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<paragraph id="3F67C60B3622391CE8C5FA6AFEE6A1C5" blockId="9.[151,1436,1373,2020]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
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<emphasis id="0DAC1A193622391CE8C5FA6AFEF8A28A" bold="true" box="[198,351,1453,1479]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Description.</emphasis>
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Living colonies are dish-shaped with lobed edges; some lobes are united into ridges which are placed radially on the outer part of disk. Some finger-like or lumpy lobes (up to
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<quantity id="F8206BEE3622391CEC9BFA13FB4AA2A3" box="[1176,1261,1492,1518]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" unit="mm" value="12.0">12 mm</quantity>
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in height) can occur on the central part of disk (
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<figureCitation id="A7E3DA8E3622391CEA1EFA3DFDC3A159" box="[541,612,1530,1556]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="10.[151,255,1632,1656]" captionTargetBox="[238,1354,877,1620]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[238,1354,877,1620]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 8. Sinularia arctium sp. nov., living colonies, depth 12 m, Dung Island, Nha Trang Bay, South China Sea." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/186189/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
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). The polyps cover the disk and lobes; they are also distributed on the lower surface of the disk but only near the edge, as a border
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<quantity id="F8206BEE3622391CEB7DF9E6FC45A176" box="[894,994,1569,1595]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" unit="mm" value="5.0" valueMax="6.0" valueMin="4.0">4–6 mm</quantity>
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in width. The preserved
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<typeStatus id="E06378A93622391CED16F9E6FAD8A176" box="[1301,1407,1569,1595]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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is funnel-shaped (
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<figureCitation id="A7E3DA8E3622391CE951F98FFE3BA12F" box="[338,412,1608,1634]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="11.[151,255,1780,1804]" captionText="FIGURE 9. Sinularia arctium sp. nov., holotype MIMB 16536." pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
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),
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<quantity id="F8206BEE3622391CE9B7F98FFDB9A12F" box="[436,542,1608,1634]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.959999999999999" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" unit="mm" value="99.6">99.6 mm</quantity>
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high. The lower surface of the disk and stalk surface are slightly grooved longitudinally.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="3F67C60B3622391CE8C6F952FAE2A1B1" blockId="9.[151,1436,1373,2020]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
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Modified clubs and curved, slightly flattened, rods (
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<figureCitation id="A7E3DA8E3622391CEB2AF952FCDAA1E2" box="[809,893,1685,1711]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="12.[151,256,1824,1848]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,197,1797]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[151,1436,197,1799]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 10. Sinularia arctium sp. nov., holotype MIMB 16536, sclerites: A, polyp; B, clubs from the lobes and disk surface; C, notched tubercles on the head of a club." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/186190/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
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A) are arranged as points in the polyps. These triangular arrangements of sclerites occupy the lower part of the tentacles and the upper part of the neck zone. The polyp armature observations were carried out on semi-expanded polyps; collarets were not found.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="3F67C60B3622391FE8C6F8CEFD71A795" blockId="9.[151,1436,1373,2020]" lastBlockId="10.[151,1438,152,835]" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="11" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
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The surface layer of the lobes contains clubs
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<quantity id="F8206BEE3622391CEAE7F8CEFC36A06E" box="[740,913,1801,1827]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.95" metricValueMax="3.2" metricValueMin="0.7" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" unit="mm" value="0.195" valueMax="0.32" valueMin="0.07">0.07–0.32 mm</quantity>
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long. Some of the small ones, mostly up to
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<quantity id="F8206BEE3622391CE894F8F7FEA6A007" box="[151,257,1840,1866]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" unit="mm" value="0.12">0.12 mm</quantity>
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long, approach the
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<emphasis id="0DAC1A193622391CE9EFF8F7FDD3A004" box="[492,628,1840,1865]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">leptoclados</emphasis>
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-like club form, while others have a distinct central wart (
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<figureCitation id="A7E3DA8E3622391CED21F8F7FADEA007" box="[1314,1401,1840,1866]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="12.[151,256,1824,1848]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,197,1797]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[151,1436,197,1799]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 10. Sinularia arctium sp. nov., holotype MIMB 16536, sclerites: A, polyp; B, clubs from the lobes and disk surface; C, notched tubercles on the head of a club." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/186190/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
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B). Their handles are tapered, straight or slightly curved, and ornamented with round tubercles. Other small clubs have complexly warted heads with notched tubercles and warty handles (
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<figureCitation id="A7E3DA8E3622391CEC0EF8BAFBC1A0DA" box="[1037,1126,1917,1943]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="12.[151,256,1824,1848]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,197,1797]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[151,1436,197,1799]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 10. Sinularia arctium sp. nov., holotype MIMB 16536, sclerites: A, polyp; B, clubs from the lobes and disk surface; C, notched tubercles on the head of a club." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/186190/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
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C). Long, curved-handled clubs,
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<quantity id="F8206BEE3622391CE8E7F863FE37A0F3" box="[228,400,1956,1982]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.3499999999999996" metricValueMax="3.2" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" unit="mm" value="0.235" valueMax="0.32" valueMin="0.15">0.15–0.32 mm</quantity>
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in length, are also present. Some of them have a distinct central wart (
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<figureCitation id="A7E3DA8E3622391CECDBF863FA8BA0F3" box="[1240,1324,1956,1982]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="13.[151,257,1979,2003]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,189,1952]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[151,1436,189,1954]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 11. Sinularia arctium sp. nov., holotype MIMB 16536, sclerites from the lobes and disk surface: A, longhandled clubs; B, club-like spindles and spindles." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/186191/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
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A), while others tend to have unordered processes on the heads (
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<figureCitation id="A7E3DA8E3622391CEB27F80DFCDEA0A9" box="[804,889,1994,2020]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="13.[151,257,1979,2003]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,189,1952]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[151,1436,189,1954]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 11. Sinularia arctium sp. nov., holotype MIMB 16536, sclerites from the lobes and disk surface: A, longhandled clubs; B, club-like spindles and spindles." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/186191/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
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B, a, b). The latter forms merge into club-like spindles. There are also numerous small spindles which vary from being relatively smooth to being thick with evenly distributed and complex warts (
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<figureCitation id="A7E3DA8E3621391FEA5DFF79FD15A795" box="[606,690,190,216]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="13.[151,257,1979,2003]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,189,1952]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[151,1436,189,1954]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 11. Sinularia arctium sp. nov., holotype MIMB 16536, sclerites from the lobes and disk surface: A, longhandled clubs; B, club-like spindles and spindles." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/186191/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
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B).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="3F67C60B3621391FE8C6FF22FE37A543" blockId="10.[151,1438,152,835]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
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The stalk surface has similar sclerites to those of the lobe surface. Some small clubs approach the form of
|
||
<emphasis id="0DAC1A193621391FE894FECBFEB9A668" box="[151,286,268,293]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">leptoclados</emphasis>
|
||
-like clubs while others have a central wart and a tapered or blunt, robust handle (
|
||
<figureCitation id="A7E3DA8E3621391FECD5FECBFA8CA66B" box="[1238,1323,268,294]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="14.[151,257,1964,1988]" captionTargetBox="[181,1416,194,1937]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[181,1417,194,1939]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 12. Sinularia arctium sp. nov., holotype MIMB 16536, sclerites from the stalk surface: A, clubs; B, large robust clubs; C, club-like spindles and spindles." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/186192/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 12</figureCitation>
|
||
A). Clubs with notched tubercles on their heads have an indistinct central wart and are more robust in comparison with the ones from the polypary. They have thick robust handles, which are sometimes forked, and are abundantly ornamented with well-developed warts (
|
||
<figureCitation id="A7E3DA8E3621391FEA88FE47FD42A6D7" box="[651,741,384,410]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="14.[151,257,1964,1988]" captionTargetBox="[181,1416,194,1937]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[181,1417,194,1939]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 12. Sinularia arctium sp. nov., holotype MIMB 16536, sclerites from the stalk surface: A, clubs; B, large robust clubs; C, club-like spindles and spindles." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/186192/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 12</figureCitation>
|
||
A, a, b, c). They are similar to remarkably robust clubs,
|
||
<quantity id="F8206BEE3621391FE894FE61FE94A68D" box="[151,307,422,448]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.35" metricValueMax="5.699999999999999" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="mm" value="0.43499999999999994" valueMax="0.57" valueMin="0.3">0.3–0.57 mm</quantity>
|
||
long, with thick warty handles and heads (
|
||
<figureCitation id="A7E3DA8E3621391FEB2EFE61FC23A68D" box="[813,900,422,448]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="14.[151,257,1964,1988]" captionTargetBox="[181,1416,194,1937]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[181,1417,194,1939]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 12. Sinularia arctium sp. nov., holotype MIMB 16536, sclerites from the stalk surface: A, clubs; B, large robust clubs; C, club-like spindles and spindles." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/186192/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 12</figureCitation>
|
||
B). Crosses are common. There are also clublike spindles and small spindles that vary from being thickened warty forms to thin forms with small conical processes (
|
||
<figureCitation id="A7E3DA8E3621391FE914FE33FECAA543" box="[279,365,500,526]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="14.[151,257,1964,1988]" captionTargetBox="[181,1416,194,1937]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[181,1417,194,1939]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 12. Sinularia arctium sp. nov., holotype MIMB 16536, sclerites from the stalk surface: A, clubs; B, large robust clubs; C, club-like spindles and spindles." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/186192/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 12</figureCitation>
|
||
C).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="3F67C60B3621391FE8C6FDDDFBF0A5E5" blockId="10.[151,1438,152,835]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
The spindles from the lobe interior are
|
||
<quantity id="F8206BEE3621391FEA8CFDDDFCBBA579" box="[655,796,538,564]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.05" metricValueMax="3.3" metricValueMin="0.8" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="mm" value="2.05" valueMax="3.3" valueMin="0.8">0.8–3.3 mm</quantity>
|
||
in length, without median constriction (
|
||
<figureCitation id="A7E3DA8E3621391FECF1FDDDFAEEA579" box="[1266,1353,538,564]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="15.[151,257,1206,1230]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,194,1182]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[151,1436,194,1182]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 13. Sinularia arctium sp. nov., holotype MIMB 16536, lobe interior sclerites: A, close-up of tubercles; B, spindles." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/186193/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 13</figureCitation>
|
||
). They are sometimes curved or have concave sides, probably due to their compact placement in the lobes. The spindle warts may have flat summits or they may resemble granulated cones, which sometimes are transversely widened (
|
||
<figureCitation id="A7E3DA8E3621391FE99CFD49FE53A5E5" box="[415,500,654,680]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="15.[151,257,1206,1230]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,194,1182]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[151,1436,194,1182]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 13. Sinularia arctium sp. nov., holotype MIMB 16536, lobe interior sclerites: A, close-up of tubercles; B, spindles." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/186193/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 13</figureCitation>
|
||
A). The spindle ends are slightly tapered (
|
||
<figureCitation id="A7E3DA8E3621391FEBDCFD49FB92A5E5" box="[991,1077,654,680]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="15.[151,257,1206,1230]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,194,1182]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[151,1436,194,1182]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 13. Sinularia arctium sp. nov., holotype MIMB 16536, lobe interior sclerites: A, close-up of tubercles; B, spindles." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/186193/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 13</figureCitation>
|
||
B).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="3F67C60B3621391FE8C6FD72FBF9A5BB" blockId="10.[151,1438,152,835]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
The warts on the stalk interior spindles mostly have flat summits (
|
||
<figureCitation id="A7E3DA8E3621391FEBD1FD72FB81A582" box="[978,1062,693,719]" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="18.[151,255,1233,1257]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,197,1208]" captionTargetId="figure@18.[151,1436,197,1208]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 14. Sinularia arctium sp. nov., holotype MIMB 16536, interior sclerites from stalk: A, close-up of tubercles; B, long spindles with tapering ends; C, short and thick spindles with rounded ends." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/186196/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 14</figureCitation>
|
||
A) but some small ones may be covered with granulated cones. Two size ranges of spindles may be observed here:
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="3F67C60B3621391FE8C6FCC5FBFEA451" blockId="10.[151,1438,152,835]" box="[197,1113,770,796]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
1. long spindles with tapering ends with or without a median waist (
|
||
<figureCitation id="A7E3DA8E3621391FEBE3FCC5FB91A451" box="[992,1078,770,796]" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="18.[151,255,1233,1257]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,197,1208]" captionTargetId="figure@18.[151,1436,197,1208]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 14. Sinularia arctium sp. nov., holotype MIMB 16536, interior sclerites from stalk: A, close-up of tubercles; B, long spindles with tapering ends; C, short and thick spindles with rounded ends." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/186196/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 14</figureCitation>
|
||
B);
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="3F67C60B3621391FE8C6FCEEFBD5A40E" blockId="10.[151,1438,152,835]" box="[197,1138,809,835]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
2. short, thick spindles with blunt rounded ends (
|
||
<figureCitation id="A7E3DA8E3621391FEB03FCEEFCF3A40E" box="[768,852,809,835]" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="18.[151,255,1233,1257]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,197,1208]" captionTargetId="figure@18.[151,1436,197,1208]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 14. Sinularia arctium sp. nov., holotype MIMB 16536, interior sclerites from stalk: A, close-up of tubercles; B, long spindles with tapering ends; C, short and thick spindles with rounded ends." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/186196/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 14</figureCitation>
|
||
C) and no median waist.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="6BA796833621391FE894F9A7FACAA135" box="[151,1389,1632,1656]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/186189/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" targetBox="[238,1354,877,1620]" targetPageId="10">
|
||
<paragraph id="3F67C60B3621391FE894F9A7FACAA135" blockId="10.[151,1389,1632,1656]" box="[151,1389,1632,1656]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<emphasis id="0DAC1A193621391FE894F9A7FEBDA135" bold="true" box="[151,282,1632,1656]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">FIGURE 8.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F8D8BD883621391FE923F9A6FE7BA135" box="[288,476,1633,1656]" class="Anthozoa" family="Alcyoniidae" genus="Sinularia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="arctium" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="0DAC1A193621391FE923F9A6FE7BA135" box="[288,476,1633,1656]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Sinularia arctium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="0DAC1A193621391FE9E1F9A7FD9FA135" bold="true" box="[482,568,1632,1656]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="169FA7623621391FE9E1F9A7FD9FA135" box="[482,568,1632,1656]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, living colonies, depth 12 m, Dung Island, Nha Trang Bay, South China Sea.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="3F67C60B3621391FE8C6F961FD83A1AA" blockId="10.[151,1436,1702,2037]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<emphasis id="0DAC1A193621391FE8C6F961FEF6A18D" bold="true" box="[197,337,1702,1728]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Variability.</emphasis>
|
||
No clear intra-colony variability in sclerite forms and sizes were found between the lobes and the central region of the polypary.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="3F67C60B3621391FE8C6F934FF4AA079" blockId="10.[151,1436,1702,2037]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<emphasis id="0DAC1A193621391FE8C6F934FEF2A040" bold="true" box="[197,341,1779,1805]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Coloration.</emphasis>
|
||
The alcohol-fixed specimens are light brown. The living colonies are brown with colorless polyps.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="77C295803621391FE8C6F887FCDFA016" box="[197,888,1856,1883]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="3F67C60B3621391FE8C6F887FCDFA016" blockId="10.[151,1436,1702,2037]" box="[197,888,1856,1883]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<emphasis id="0DAC1A193621391FE8C6F887FEC2A017" bold="true" box="[197,357,1856,1882]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
Nha Trang Bay (South
|
||
<collectingCountry id="47CF869B3621391FEA7EF886FD64A016" box="[637,707,1857,1883]" name="China" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
Sea,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="47CF869B3621391FEB00F886FCCBA016" box="[771,876,1857,1883]" name="Vietnam" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="77C295803621391FE8C6F8A0FCCDA0E5" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="3F67C60B3621391FE8C6F8A0FCCDA0E5" blockId="10.[151,1436,1702,2037]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<emphasis id="0DAC1A193621391FE8C6F8A0FEF6A0CC" bold="true" box="[197,337,1895,1921]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Etymology.</emphasis>
|
||
The specific name alludes to the external similarity of colony shape with leaves of the plants of the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F8D8BD883621391FE92EF848FE2DA0E5" box="[301,394,1935,1960]" class="Anthozoa" family="Alcyoniidae" genus="Sinularia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="10" pageNumber="19" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="arctium" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="0DAC1A193621391FE92EF848FE2DA0E5" box="[301,394,1935,1960]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Arctium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Magnoliopsida:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F8D8BD883621391FEA58F849FD6AA0E5" box="[603,717,1934,1960]" class="Magnoliopsida" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="order">Asterales</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F8D8BD883621391FEAD4F849FCFAA0E5" box="[727,861,1934,1960]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Asteraceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="77C295803621391EE8C6F873FBEBA5BB" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="12" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="3F67C60B3621391EE8C6F873FBEBA5BB" blockId="10.[151,1436,1702,2037]" lastBlockId="11.[151,1437,152,758]" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="12" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<emphasis id="0DAC1A193621391FE8C6F873FE99A083" bold="true" box="[197,318,1972,1998]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
The species may be considered as very close to four
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F8D8BD883621391FEBA9F872FBB0A083" box="[938,1047,1973,1998]" class="Anthozoa" family="Alcyoniidae" genus="Sinularia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="0DAC1A193621391FEBA9F872FBB0A083" box="[938,1047,1973,1998]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Sinularia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species which were described by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5B49BBFA3621391FE894F81CFC83A0B8" author="Alderslade" box="[151,804,2011,2037]" pageId="10" pageNumber="26" refString="Alderslade, P. & Shirwaiker, J. (1991) A new species of soft corals (Coelenterata: Octocorallia) from the Laccadive Archipelago. The Beagle, 8, 189 - 233." type="journal article" year="1991">
|
||
Alderslade & Shirwaiker (1991: 211-232,
|
||
<figureCitation id="A7E3DA8E3621391FEA8EF81CFD49A0B8" box="[653,750,2011,2037]" captionStart="FIGURE 20" captionStartId="22.[151,257,1804,1828]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,194,1778]" captionTargetId="figure@22.[151,1436,194,1780]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURE 20. Sinularia manaarensis Verseveldt, 1980, sclerites from lobe interior: A, close-up of tubercles from the same spindle; B, spindles." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/186200/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Figs. 20</figureCitation>
|
||
–48)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
from the Laccadives with respect to the
|
||
<emphasis id="0DAC1A193621391FED09F81BFA35A0B8" box="[1290,1426,2012,2037]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">leptoclados</emphasis>
|
||
- like clubs with plump heads. However,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F8D8BD883620391EEA72FF5FFD4DA7FC" box="[625,746,152,177]" class="Anthozoa" family="Alcyoniidae" genus="Sinularia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="arctium">
|
||
<emphasis id="0DAC1A193620391EEA72FF5FFD4DA7FC" box="[625,746,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">S. arctium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs from all of them in both colony shape and sclerite form.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F8D8BD883620391EE8E1FF78FEC9A795" box="[226,366,191,216]" class="Anthozoa" family="Alcyoniidae" genus="Sinularia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="jasminae">
|
||
<emphasis id="0DAC1A193620391EE8E1FF78FEC9A795" box="[226,366,191,216]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">S. jasminae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has no sclerites in the polyps, has mostly small waisted spindles (
|
||
<quantity id="F8206BEE3620391EEC9BFF79FAA2A795" box="[1176,1285,190,216]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.3" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" unit="mm" value="0.33">0.33 mm</quantity>
|
||
long) in the upper part of the lobe interior, and has no clubs with long thin handles (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5B49BBFA3620391EEC15FF22FE3AA66B" author="Alderslade" pageId="11" pageNumber="26" refString="Alderslade, P. & Shirwaiker, J. (1991) A new species of soft corals (Coelenterata: Octocorallia) from the Laccadive Archipelago. The Beagle, 8, 189 - 233." type="journal article" year="1991">
|
||
Alderslade & Shirwaiker 1991: 211–214,
|
||
<figureCitation id="A7E3DA8E3620391EE90EFECBFECAA66B" box="[269,365,268,294]" captionStart="FIGURE 21" captionStartId="23.[151,255,1957,1981]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,271,1932]" captionTargetId="figure@23.[151,1436,271,1933]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURE 21. Sinularia manaarensis Verseveldt, 1980, sclerites from the stalk interior: A, close-ups of tubercles from the same spindle; B, ornamented cones with 2 or 3 summits; C, spindles." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/186201/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Figs. 21</figureCitation>
|
||
–23
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F8D8BD883620391EE9B1FECBFDEBA668" box="[434,588,268,293]" class="Anthozoa" family="Alcyoniidae" genus="Sinularia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="parulekari">
|
||
<emphasis id="0DAC1A193620391EE9B1FECBFDEBA668" box="[434,588,268,293]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">S. parulekari</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has differently shaped sclerites in the polyps and lacks clubs with long handles (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5B49BBFA3620391EE901FEF5FC37A601" author="Alderslade" box="[258,912,306,332]" pageId="11" pageNumber="26" refString="Alderslade, P. & Shirwaiker, J. (1991) A new species of soft corals (Coelenterata: Octocorallia) from the Laccadive Archipelago. The Beagle, 8, 189 - 233." type="journal article" year="1991">Alderslade & Shirwaiker 1991: 217–218, Figs. 29–32</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F8D8BD883620391EEBA6FEF5FBCBA606" box="[933,1132,306,331]" class="Anthozoa" family="Alcyoniidae" genus="Sinularia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="karavattiensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="0DAC1A193620391EEBA6FEF5FBCBA606" box="[933,1132,306,331]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">S. karavattiensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F8D8BD883620391EECA4FEF5FAFCA606" box="[1191,1371,306,331]" class="Anthozoa" family="Alcyoniidae" genus="Sinularia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="gaveshaniae">
|
||
<emphasis id="0DAC1A193620391EECA4FEF5FAFCA606" box="[1191,1371,306,331]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">S. gaveshaniae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have clubs with quite long handles and clubs with radially divergent outgrowths on the heads, but have rodlets in polyp tentacles and different internal spindles (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5B49BBFA3620391EEAC3FE47FAE6A6D7" author="Alderslade" box="[704,1345,384,410]" pageId="11" pageNumber="26" refString="Alderslade, P. & Shirwaiker, J. (1991) A new species of soft corals (Coelenterata: Octocorallia) from the Laccadive Archipelago. The Beagle, 8, 189 - 233." type="journal article" year="1991">Alderslade & Shirwaiker 1991: 219–229, Figs. 37–48</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). All of the 4 above mentioned species have no clubs with a distinct central wart.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F8D8BD883620391EEC09FE60FF75A6AA" authority="Ofwegen & Vennam, 1994" authorityName="Ofwegen & Vennam" authorityYear="1994" class="Anthozoa" family="Alcyoniidae" genus="Sinularia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="slieringsi">
|
||
<emphasis id="0DAC1A193620391EEC09FE60FB30A68D" box="[1034,1175,423,448]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">S. slieringsi</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5B49BBFA3620391EEC9CFE61FF75A6AA" author="Ofwegen" pageId="11" pageNumber="26" refString="Ofwegen, L. P. & Vennam, J. (1994) Results of the Rumphius Biohistorical Expedition to Ambon (1990). Part 3. The Alcyoniidae (Octocorallia: Alcyonacea). Zoologische Mededelingen Leiden, 68, 135 - 158." type="journal article" year="1994">Ofwegen & Vennam, 1994</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is the only species which has similar colony shape to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F8D8BD883620391EEB5AFE0AFC75A6AB" box="[857,978,461,486]" class="Anthozoa" family="Alcyoniidae" genus="Sinularia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="arctium">
|
||
<emphasis id="0DAC1A193620391EEB5AFE0AFC75A6AB" box="[857,978,461,486]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">S. arctium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, together with similar sclerite
|
||
<typeStatus id="E06378A93620391EED3DFE0AFADBA6AA" box="[1342,1404,461,487]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">types</typeStatus>
|
||
in the lobe surface, including forms that approach
|
||
<emphasis id="0DAC1A193620391EEAD1FE33FCFDA540" box="[722,858,500,525]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">leptoclados</emphasis>
|
||
-like clubs. However,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F8D8BD883620391EEC62FE33FB49A540" box="[1121,1262,500,525]" class="Anthozoa" family="Alcyoniidae" genus="Sinularia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="slieringsi">
|
||
<emphasis id="0DAC1A193620391EEC62FE33FB49A540" box="[1121,1262,500,525]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">S. slieringsi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has no curved spindles in the polyps and no
|
||
<emphasis id="0DAC1A193620391EEA09FDDDFD3FA57E" box="[522,664,538,563]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">leptoclados</emphasis>
|
||
-like clubs with plump heads in the lobes surface (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5B49BBFA3620391EED08FDDDFDF2A516" author="Ofwegen" pageId="11" pageNumber="26" refString="Ofwegen, L. P. & Vennam, J. (1994) Results of the Rumphius Biohistorical Expedition to Ambon (1990). Part 3. The Alcyoniidae (Octocorallia: Alcyonacea). Zoologische Mededelingen Leiden, 68, 135 - 158." type="journal article" year="1994">
|
||
Ofwegen & Vennam 1994: 152–158,
|
||
<figureCitation id="A7E3DA8E3620391EE9C0FD86FDF2A516" box="[451,597,577,603]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 15" captionStart-1="FIGURE 16" captionStart-2="FIGURE 17" captionStart-3="FIGURE 18" captionStart-4="FIGURE 19. S" captionStart-5="FIGURE 20" captionStartId-0="16.[151,255,1171,1195]" captionStartId-1="17.[151,255,1452,1476]" captionStartId-2="19.[151,255,1913,1937]" captionStartId-3="20.[151,257,1892,1916]" captionStartId-4="21.[151,255,1949,1973]" captionStartId-5="22.[151,257,1804,1828]" captionTargetBox-0="[226,1360,390,1146]" captionTargetBox-1="[151,1434,197,1427]" captionTargetBox-2="[151,1436,467,1888]" captionTargetBox-3="[151,1436,197,1865]" captionTargetBox-4="[151,1436,194,1923]" captionTargetBox-5="[151,1436,194,1778]" captionTargetId-0="figure@16.[226,1360,390,1146]" captionTargetId-1="figure@17.[151,1436,197,1428]" captionTargetId-2="figure@19.[151,1436,467,1888]" captionTargetId-3="figure@20.[151,1436,197,1867]" captionTargetId-4="figure@21.[151,1436,194,1925]" captionTargetId-5="figure@22.[151,1436,194,1780]" captionTargetPageId-0="16" captionTargetPageId-1="17" captionTargetPageId-2="19" captionTargetPageId-3="20" captionTargetPageId-4="21" captionTargetPageId-5="22" captionText-0="FIGURE 15. Sinularia manaarensis Verseveldt, 1980, live colonies showing colour variation, depth 12 m, Mot Island, Nha Trang Bay, South China Sea." captionText-1="FIGURE 16. Colonies of Sinularia manaarensis Verseveldt, 1980: A, many polyps are expanded during the day, lobules are somewhat lighter than stalk; B, fixed specimens MIMB 16535." captionText-2="FIGURE 17. Sinularia manaarensis Verseveldt, 1980, sclerites: A, polyp; B, crosses and small clubs from lobe surface layer." captionText-3="FIGURE 18. Sinularia manaarensis Verseveldt, 1980 sclerites from the surface of a lobe: A, clubs with both long, narrow and thickened handles; B, club head with well-developed warts, the central wart is indistinct; C, clubs with much thickened and flattened handles, club-like spindles and spindles." captionText-4="FIGURE 19. S. manaarensis Verseveldt, 1980, sclerites from the stalk surface: A, smallest clubs; B, long-handled clubs and spindles." captionText-5="FIGURE 20. Sinularia manaarensis Verseveldt, 1980, sclerites from lobe interior: A, close-up of tubercles from the same spindle; B, spindles." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/186194/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/186195/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/186197/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/186198/files/figure.png" httpUri-4="https://zenodo.org/record/186199/files/figure.png" httpUri-5="https://zenodo.org/record/186200/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Figs. 15–20</figureCitation>
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The internal spindles of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F8D8BD883620391EEB8EFD86FBBCA517" box="[909,1051,577,602]" class="Anthozoa" family="Alcyoniidae" genus="Sinularia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="slieringsi">
|
||
<emphasis id="0DAC1A193620391EEB8EFD86FBBCA517" box="[909,1051,577,602]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">S. slieringsi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are also different.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F8D8BD883620391EECFEFD86FEF9A5CF" authority="Ofwegen, 1996" authorityName="Ofwegen" authorityYear="1996" class="Anthozoa" family="Alcyoniidae" genus="Sinularia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="verseveldti">
|
||
<emphasis id="0DAC1A193620391EECFEFD86FA3BA517" box="[1277,1436,577,602]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">S. verseveldti</emphasis>
|
||
Ofwegen, 1996
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has the similar shape of the preserved specimen. However,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F8D8BD883620391EEC75FDAFFA80A5CC" box="[1142,1319,616,641]" class="Anthozoa" family="Alcyoniidae" genus="Sinularia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="verseveldti">
|
||
<emphasis id="0DAC1A193620391EEC75FDAFFA80A5CC" box="[1142,1319,616,641]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">S. verseveldti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
contains
|
||
<emphasis id="0DAC1A193620391EE894FD48FEB9A5E5" box="[151,286,655,680]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">leptoclados</emphasis>
|
||
-
|
||
<typeStatus id="E06378A93620391EE925FD49FEFCA5E5" box="[294,347,654,680]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">type</typeStatus>
|
||
clubs along with theleptoclados-like clubs wart clubs in the lobe surface and capstans in the stalk surface (Ofwegen 1996: 210–211,
|
||
<figureCitation id="A7E3DA8E3620391EEA6AFD72FD7FA582" box="[617,728,693,719]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 1" captionStart-1="FIGURE 2" captionStart-2="FIGURE 3" captionStart-3="FIGURE 4" captionStart-4="FIGURE 5" captionStartId-0="2.[151,255,1261,1285]" captionStartId-1="3.[151,255,1745,1769]" captionStartId-2="4.[151,255,1867,1891]" captionStartId-3="5.[151,255,1722,1746]" captionStartId-4="6.[151,255,1894,1918]" captionTargetBox-0="[151,1434,197,1236]" captionTargetBox-1="[151,1436,197,1704]" captionTargetBox-2="[151,1436,197,1840]" captionTargetBox-3="[151,1436,197,1695]" captionTargetBox-4="[151,1436,187,1866]" captionTargetId-0="figure@2.[151,1436,197,1236]" captionTargetId-1="figure@3.[151,1436,197,1705]" captionTargetId-2="figure@4.[151,1436,197,1842]" captionTargetId-3="figure@5.[151,1436,197,1697]" captionTargetId-4="figure@6.[151,1436,187,1868]" captionTargetPageId-0="2" captionTargetPageId-1="3" captionTargetPageId-2="4" captionTargetPageId-3="5" captionTargetPageId-4="6" captionText-0="FIGURE 1. Eleutherobia specimens: A, B, D, Eleutherobia nezdoliyi sp. nov.: A, live colonies, depth 27 m, Mun Island, Nha Trang Bay, South China Sea; B, holotype MIMB 16537; D, paratype MIMB 16538. C, Eleutherobia grayi: Ca, MIMB 16539, Con Dao Island, South China Sea; Cb, MIMB 16540, same location." captionText-1="FIGURE 2. Eleutherobia nezdoliyi sp. nov., holotype MIMB 16537, sclerites from the polyparium." captionText-2="FIGURE 3. Eleutherobia nezdoliyi sp. nov., holotype MIMB 16537, sclerites from the stalk surface." captionText-3="FIGURE 4. Eleutherobia nezdoliyi sp. nov., holotype MIMB 16537, sclerites from the stalk interior." captionText-4="FIGURE 5. Eleutherobia grayi (Thomson & Dean, 1931), MIMB 16539, sclerites from the polyparium surface." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/186182/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/186183/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/186184/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/186185/files/figure.png" httpUri-4="https://zenodo.org/record/186186/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Figs. 1–5</figureCitation>
|
||
). Moreover,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F8D8BD883620391EEB6EFD72FBAEA583" box="[877,1033,693,718]" class="Anthozoa" family="Alcyoniidae" genus="Sinularia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="verseveldti">
|
||
<emphasis id="0DAC1A193620391EEB6EFD72FBAEA583" box="[877,1033,693,718]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">S. verseveldti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F8D8BD883620391EECA2FD72FAB0A583" box="[1185,1303,693,718]" class="Anthozoa" family="Alcyoniidae" genus="Sinularia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="arctium">
|
||
<emphasis id="0DAC1A193620391EECA2FD72FAB0A583" box="[1185,1303,693,718]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">S. arctium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
having flat spiny rods in the polyp tentacles and the point sclerites of quite a different shape.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |