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<document id="01E0DF982B0FCCD19643794746810256" ID-CLB-Dataset="26982" ID-DOI="10.5852/ejt.2019.520" ID-GBIF-Dataset="de14dab5-2961-423b-867f-5a4a48d8bb3e" ID-Zenodo-Dep="2650382" ID-ZooBank="085164DC-B31D-4293-A037-9C31940E24CD" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1556133982026" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Roell, Talita, Lemaître, Valérie A. &amp; Webb, Michael D." docDate="2019" docId="9260BF2468737B0D999C6556F9ABC9EA" docLanguage="en" docName="ejt-520_roell_lemaitre_webb.pdf.imf" docOrigin="European Journal of Taxonomy 520" docStyle="DocumentStyle:EF2B578F1D15862ADE45B0C07C620911.14:EJT.2018-.journal_article.type1" docStyleId="EF2B578F1D15862ADE45B0C07C620911" docStyleName="EJT.2018-.journal_article.type1" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Afrius yolofa sensu Dallas 1851" docType="treatment" docVersion="19" lastPageNumber="34" masterDocId="6E59C75C68537B2C9976645DFD5BCB04" masterDocTitle="Revision of the African shieldbug genus Afrius Stål, 1870 (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Pentatomidae: Asopinae)" masterLastPageNumber="44" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="33" updateTime="1698723423436" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="322B58F99D7763626B72901DFC9D6C89">Revision of the African shieldbug genus Afrius Stål, 1870 (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Pentatomidae: Asopinae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="9690A1A2CAF3461AEC96B451DF0187F2">Roell, Talita</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="619CAB78BE113C81BCE929250C23F088">Lemaître, Valérie A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="6973D60C6F1DBC62721EF77B8AA2E0DB">Webb, Michael D.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="57F061D23FBDAE77DF3C156455462102">European Journal of Taxonomy</mods:title>
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<treatment id="9260BF2468737B0D999C6556F9ABC9EA" ID-GBIF-Taxon="157191710" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:9260BF2468737B0D999C6556F9ABC9EA" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/9260BF2468737B0D999C6556F9ABC9EA" lastPageId="33" lastPageNumber="34" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
<subSubSection id="52D35DB968737B0C999C6556FE71CA21" box="[234,810,266,293]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="1A760E3268737B0C999C6556FE71CA21" blockId="32.[188,1399,266,724]" box="[234,810,266,293]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
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<emphasis id="28BDD22068737B0C999C6556FE71CA21" bold="true" box="[234,810,266,293]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
Synonymies of
<taxonomicName id="DDC975B168737B0C98D16557FCA9CA21" authorityName="sensu Dallas" authorityYear="1851" box="[423,498,266,293]" class="Insecta" family="Cimicidae" genus="Afrius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="yolofa">
<emphasis id="28BDD22068737B0C98D16557FCA9CA21" bold="true" box="[423,498,266,293]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">yolofa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="DDC975B168737B0C9B766557FF36CA20" authorityName="Germar" authorityYear="1838" box="[512,621,266,292]" class="Insecta" family="Pentatomidae" genus="Asopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="figuratus">
<emphasis id="28BDD22068737B0C9B766557FF36CA20" bold="true" box="[512,621,266,292]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">figuratus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="DDC975B168737B0C9BDA6556FE71CA21" authorityName="- Reuter" authorityYear="1882" baseAuthorityName="Westwood" baseAuthorityYear="1837" box="[684,810,267,293]" class="Insecta" family="Cimicidae" genus="Afrius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="purpureus">
<emphasis id="28BDD22068737B0C9BDA6556FE71CA21" bold="true" box="[684,810,267,293]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">purpureus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="52D35DB968737B0D99CA6572F9ABC9EA" lastPageId="33" lastPageNumber="34" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="1A760E3268737B0C99CA6572FF6FC9D0" blockId="32.[188,1399,266,724]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
Earlier we noted that
<bibRefCitation id="7E5873C368737B0C98B16572FF30CA4D" author="Dallas W. S." box="[455,619,302,329]" firstAuthor="Dallas" journalOrPublisher="Taylor &amp; Francis, London" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" refId="ref13960" refString="Dallas W. S. 1851. List of Specimens of Hemipterous Insects in the Collection of the British Museum, Pt. 1. Taylor &amp; Francis, London. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 20373" title="List of Specimens of Hemipterous Insects in the Collection of the British Museum, Pt. 1" type="book" year="1851">Dallas (1851)</bibRefCitation>
first stated the synonymy of
<taxonomicName id="DDC975B168737B0C9AA36572F966CA4D" authorityName="Germar" authorityYear="1838" box="[981,1085,303,329]" class="Insecta" family="Pentatomidae" genus="Asopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="figuratus">
<emphasis id="28BDD22068737B0C9AA36572F966CA4D" box="[981,1085,303,329]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">figuratus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with
<taxonomicName id="DDC975B168737B0C9DF16572F98BCA4D" authorityName="sensu Dallas" authorityYear="1851" box="[1159,1232,303,329]" class="Insecta" family="Cimicidae" genus="Afrius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="yolofa">
<emphasis id="28BDD22068737B0C9DF16572F98BCA4D" box="[1159,1232,303,329]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">yolofa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Clearly,
<bibRefCitation id="7E5873C368737B0C9C3F6573FC51CA69" author="Stal C." firstAuthor="Stal" journalOrPublisher="Kongliga Svenska Vetenskaps-Akademiens Handlingar" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" pagination="1 - 232" part="9" refId="ref19132" refString="Stal C. 1870. Enumeratio Hemipterorum. Bidrag till en forteckning ofver alla hittills kanda Hemiptera, jemte systematiska meddelanden. Kongliga Svenska Vetenskaps-Akademiens Handlingar 9 (1): 1 - 232. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 12549" title="Enumeratio Hemipterorum. Bidrag till en forteckning ofver alla hittills kanda Hemiptera, jemte systematiska meddelanden" type="journal article" year="1870">Stål (1870)</bibRefCitation>
and Schouteden (1905a) believed
<taxonomicName id="DDC975B168737B0C9BD7650EFE80CA69" authority="sensu Dallas (1851)" authorityName="sensu Dallas" authorityYear="1851" box="[673,987,338,365]" class="Insecta" family="Cimicidae" genus="Afrius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="yolofa">
<emphasis id="28BDD22068737B0C9BD7650EFFB1CA69" box="[673,746,339,365]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">yolofa</emphasis>
sensu
<bibRefCitation id="7E5873C368737B0C9A4C650FFE80CA69" author="Dallas W. S." box="[826,987,338,365]" firstAuthor="Dallas" journalOrPublisher="Taylor &amp; Francis, London" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" refId="ref13960" refString="Dallas W. S. 1851. List of Specimens of Hemipterous Insects in the Collection of the British Museum, Pt. 1. Taylor &amp; Francis, London. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 20373" title="List of Specimens of Hemipterous Insects in the Collection of the British Museum, Pt. 1" type="book" year="1851">Dallas (1851)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
was a misidentification, pertaining to
<taxonomicName id="DDC975B168737B0C99AC652AFC19CA95" authorityName="Germar" authorityYear="1838" box="[218,322,375,401]" class="Insecta" family="Pentatomidae" genus="Asopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="figuratus">
<emphasis id="28BDD22068737B0C99AC652AFC19CA95" box="[218,322,375,401]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">figuratus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
<taxonomicName id="DDC975B168737B0C9827652AFF7BCA94" authorityName="Guerin-Meneville" authorityYear="1831" box="[337,544,374,400]" class="Insecta" family="Pentatomidae" genus="Pentatoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="yolofa">
<emphasis id="28BDD22068737B0C9827652AFF7BCA94" box="[337,544,374,400]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Pentatoma yolofa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was synonymized with
<taxonomicName id="DDC975B168737B0C9A4C652AF93DCA94" authorityName="- Distant" authorityYear="1890" box="[826,1126,375,401]" class="Insecta" family="Cimicidae" genus="Cimex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="purpureus" subGenus="Afrius">
<emphasis id="28BDD22068737B0C9A4C652AFEDECA95" box="[826,901,375,401]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Cimex</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="28BDD22068737B0C9AE0652AFE85CA95" box="[918,990,375,401]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Afrius</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="28BDD22068737B0C9A98652AF93DCA94" box="[1006,1126,375,400]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">purpureus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by
<bibRefCitation id="7E5873C368737B0C9DE7652BF84CCA95" author="Stal C." box="[1169,1303,374,401]" firstAuthor="Stal" journalOrPublisher="Kongliga Svenska Vetenskaps-Akademiens Handlingar" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" pagination="1 - 232" part="9" refId="ref19132" refString="Stal C. 1870. Enumeratio Hemipterorum. Bidrag till en forteckning ofver alla hittills kanda Hemiptera, jemte systematiska meddelanden. Kongliga Svenska Vetenskaps-Akademiens Handlingar 9 (1): 1 - 232. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 12549" title="Enumeratio Hemipterorum. Bidrag till en forteckning ofver alla hittills kanda Hemiptera, jemte systematiska meddelanden" type="journal article" year="1870">Stål (1870)</bibRefCitation>
.
<taxonomicName id="DDC975B168737B0C9C54652AFC7FCAB0" authorityName="Germar" authorityYear="1838" class="Insecta" family="Pentatomidae" genus="Asopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="figuratus">
<emphasis id="28BDD22068737B0C9C54652AFC7FCAB0" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Asopus figuratus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was considered as a variety of
<taxonomicName id="DDC975B168737B0C9BD665C7FEF8CAB0" authorityName="- Schouteden" authorityYear="1905" box="[672,931,410,436]" class="Insecta" family="Pentatomidae" genus="Canthecona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="purpurea">
<emphasis id="28BDD22068737B0C9BD665C7FEF8CAB0" box="[672,931,410,436]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Canthecona purpurea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by Schouteden (1905a). It appeared as a junior synonym of
<taxonomicName id="DDC975B168737B0C98C265E3FF02CADC" authorityName="- Dupuis" authorityYear="1952" box="[436,601,446,472]" class="Insecta" family="Cimicidae" genus="Afrius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="yolofus">
<emphasis id="28BDD22068737B0C98C265E3FF02CADC" box="[436,601,446,472]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Afrius yolofus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
together with
<taxonomicName id="DDC975B168737B0C9A7365E2F994CADD" authority="in Dupuis (1952)" authorityName="in Dupuis" authorityYear="1952" box="[773,1231,446,473]" class="Insecta" family="Pentatomidae" genus="Pentatoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="purpurea">
<emphasis id="28BDD22068737B0C9A7365E2FEA2CADC" box="[773,1017,447,472]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Pentatoma purpurea</emphasis>
in
<bibRefCitation id="7E5873C368737B0C9D5665E3F994CADD" author="Dupuis C." box="[1056,1231,446,473]" firstAuthor="Dupuis" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin de la Societe zoologique de France." pageId="32" pageNumber="33" pagination="447 - 454" part="77" refId="ref14338" refString="Dupuis C. 1952. Priorite de quelques noms d'Heteropteres de Guerin Meneville (1831). Bulletin de la Societe zoologique de France. 77: 447 - 454." title="Priorite de quelques noms d'Heteropteres de Guerin Meneville (1831)" type="journal article" year="1952">Dupuis (1952)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. Later,
<bibRefCitation id="7E5873C368737B0C9C5165E2FC51CAF9" author="Leston D." firstAuthor="Leston" journalOrPublisher="Occasional Papers of the National Museum of Southern Rhodesia" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" pagination="678 - 686" part="19" refId="ref16041" refString="Leston D. 1954. Notes on the Ethiopian Pentatomoidea (Hem.) XII. On some specimens from Southern Rhodesia, with an investigation of certain features in the morphology of Afrius figuratus (Germar) and remarks upon the male genitalia in Amyotinae. Occasional Papers of the National Museum of Southern Rhodesia 19: 678 - 686." title="Notes on the Ethiopian Pentatomoidea (Hem.) XII. On some specimens from Southern Rhodesia, with an investigation of certain features in the morphology of Afrius figuratus (Germar) and remarks upon the male genitalia in Amyotinae" type="journal article" year="1954">Leston (1954)</bibRefCitation>
made use of it as the valid name of the species; yet, in a footnote, it was corrected that the valid name should be
<taxonomicName id="DDC975B168737B0C980B665BFF79C924" authorityName="- Dupuis" authorityYear="1952" box="[381,546,518,544]" class="Insecta" family="Cimicidae" genus="Afrius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="yolofus">
<emphasis id="28BDD22068737B0C980B665BFF79C924" box="[381,546,518,544]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Afrius yolofus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Additionally, the confusion between the use of
<taxonomicName id="DDC975B168737B0C9D2B665BF99EC924" authorityName="Germar" authorityYear="1838" box="[1117,1221,518,544]" class="Insecta" family="Pentatomidae" genus="Asopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="figuratus">
<emphasis id="28BDD22068737B0C9D2B665BF99EC924" box="[1117,1221,518,544]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">figuratus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="DDC975B168737B0C9D89665AF82CC924" authorityName="- Distant" authorityYear="1890" box="[1279,1399,519,544]" class="Insecta" family="Cimicidae" genus="Cimex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="purpureus">
<emphasis id="28BDD22068737B0C9D89665AF82CC924" box="[1279,1399,519,544]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">purpureus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has been so great that some authors have even attributed the authorship of
<taxonomicName id="DDC975B168737B0C9D4F6677F9EAC947" authorityName="- Distant" authorityYear="1890" box="[1081,1201,554,579]" class="Insecta" family="Cimicidae" genus="Cimex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="purpureus">
<emphasis id="28BDD22068737B0C9D4F6677F9EAC947" box="[1081,1201,554,579]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">purpureus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
to Germar (e.g.,
<bibRefCitation id="7E5873C368737B0C99CA6610FC09C96C" author="Risbec J." box="[188,338,589,616]" firstAuthor="Risbec" journalOrPublisher="Gouvernement general de l'Afrique occidentale francaise, Dakar" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" refId="ref17674" refString="Risbec J. 1950. I - La Faune entomologique des Cultures au Senegal et au Soudan francais II - Contribution a l'etude des Proctotrupidae. Gouvernement general de l'Afrique occidentale francaise, Dakar." title="I - La Faune entomologique des Cultures au Senegal et au Soudan francais II - Contribution a l'etude des Proctotrupidae" type="book" year="1950">Risbec 1950</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="7E5873C368737B0C98296610FCA6C96C" author="Herting B." box="[351,509,589,616]" firstAuthor="Herting" journalOrPublisher="Commonwealth Agricultural Bureaux, Slough" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" refId="ref15081" refString="Herting B. 1971. A Catalogue of Parasites and Predators of Terrestrial Arthropods. Section A - Host or Prey / Enemy. Vol. I - Arachnida to Heteroptera. Commonwealth Agricultural Bureaux, Slough." title="A Catalogue of Parasites and Predators of Terrestrial Arthropods. Section A - Host or Prey / Enemy. Vol. I - Arachnida to Heteroptera" type="book" year="1971">Herting 1971</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="7E5873C368737B0C9B7C6610FF12C96C" author="Herting B." box="[522,585,589,616]" firstAuthor="Herting" journalOrPublisher="Commonwealth Agricultural Bureaux, Slough" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" refId="ref15157" refString="Herting B. 1976. A Catalogue of Parasites and Predators of Terrestrial Arthropods. Section A - Host or Prey / Enemy. Vol. VII - Lepidoptera, Part 2 (Macrolepidoptera). Commonwealth Agricultural Bureaux, Slough." title="A Catalogue of Parasites and Predators of Terrestrial Arthropods. Section A - Host or Prey / Enemy. Vol. VII - Lepidoptera, Part 2 (Macrolepidoptera)" type="book" year="1976">1976</bibRefCitation>
). Considering the above, it is no surprise that
<taxonomicName id="DDC975B168737B0C9D116613F994C96C" authorityName="Germar" authorityYear="1838" box="[1127,1231,590,616]" class="Insecta" family="Pentatomidae" genus="Asopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="figuratus">
<emphasis id="28BDD22068737B0C9D116613F994C96C" box="[1127,1231,590,616]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">figuratus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
appeared as a variety or subspecies of
<taxonomicName id="DDC975B168737B0C98AD662FFF08C98F" authorityName="- Distant" authorityYear="1890" box="[475,595,626,651]" class="Insecta" family="Cimicidae" genus="Cimex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="purpureus">
<emphasis id="28BDD22068737B0C98AD662FFF08C98F" box="[475,595,626,651]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">purpureus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, even relatively recently. It is no surprise either that it still appeared as a valid name as late as 2000 (
<bibRefCitation id="7E5873C368737B0C9B5B66C8FE5AC9AB" author="Sileshi G. &amp; Maghembe J. A. &amp; Rao M. R. &amp; Ogol C. K. P. O. &amp; Sithanantham S." box="[557,769,661,687]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Sileshi" journalOrPublisher="Agroforestry Systems" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" pagination="41 - 52" part="49" refId="ref18613" refString="Sileshi G., Maghembe J. A., Rao M. R., Ogol C. K. P. O. &amp; Sithanantham S. 2000. Insects feeding on Sesbania species in natural stands and agroforestry systems in southern Malawi. Agroforestry Systems 49: 41 - 52. https: // doi. org / 10.1023 / A: 1006378713271" title="Insects feeding on Sesbania species in natural stands and agroforestry systems in southern Malawi" type="journal article" year="2000">
Sileshi
<emphasis id="28BDD22068737B0C9BF366CBFFE4C9AB" box="[645,703,661,687]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">et al.</emphasis>
2000
</bibRefCitation>
) and possibly later, concurrently with the other names (
<taxonomicName id="DDC975B168737B0C99B066E4FC54C9D7" authorityName="Guerin-Meneville" authorityYear="1831" box="[198,271,697,723]" class="Insecta" family="Pentatomidae" genus="Pentatoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="yolofa">
<emphasis id="28BDD22068737B0C99B066E4FC54C9D7" box="[198,271,697,723]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">yolofa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="DDC975B168737B0C986866E4FC28C9D7" authorityName="- Dupuis" authorityYear="1952" box="[286,371,697,723]" class="Insecta" family="Cimicidae" genus="Afrius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="yolofus">
<emphasis id="28BDD22068737B0C986866E4FC28C9D7" box="[286,371,697,723]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">yolofus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="DDC975B168737B0C98DA66E7FF7FC9D7" authorityName="- Distant" authorityYear="1890" box="[428,548,698,723]" class="Insecta" family="Cimicidae" genus="Cimex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="purpureus">
<emphasis id="28BDD22068737B0C98DA66E7FF7FC9D7" box="[428,548,698,723]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">purpureus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1A760E3268737B0C999C66A6FFACC811" blockId="32.[189,1399,763,1220]" box="[234,759,763,790]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
<heading id="413EB95E68737B0C999C66A6FFACC811" box="[234,759,763,790]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" reason="2">
<emphasis id="28BDD22068737B0C999C66A6FFACC811" bold="true" box="[234,759,763,790]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
Problematic dating of
<taxonomicName id="DDC975B168737B0C9B7766A6FF17C812" authorityName="Guerin-Meneville" authorityYear="1831" box="[513,588,763,790]" class="Insecta" family="Pentatomidae" genus="Pentatoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="yolofa">
<emphasis id="28BDD22068737B0C9B7766A6FF17C812" bold="true" box="[513,588,763,790]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">yolofa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="DDC975B168737B0C9BFC66A6FFACC811" authorityName="Germar" authorityYear="1838" box="[650,759,763,789]" class="Insecta" family="Pentatomidae" genus="Asopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="figuratus">
<emphasis id="28BDD22068737B0C9BFC66A6FFACC811" bold="true" box="[650,759,763,789]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">figuratus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1A760E3268737B0C99CB6742F90ACFC7" blockId="32.[189,1399,763,1220]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
As stated above, until
<bibRefCitation id="7E5873C368737B0C98B26742FF29C83E" author="Dupuis C." box="[452,626,799,826]" firstAuthor="Dupuis" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin de la Societe zoologique de France." pageId="32" pageNumber="33" pagination="447 - 454" part="77" refId="ref14338" refString="Dupuis C. 1952. Priorite de quelques noms d'Heteropteres de Guerin Meneville (1831). Bulletin de la Societe zoologique de France. 77: 447 - 454." title="Priorite de quelques noms d'Heteropteres de Guerin Meneville (1831)" type="journal article" year="1952">Dupuis (1952)</bibRefCitation>
,
<taxonomicName id="DDC975B168737B0C9B086742FF9CC83D" authorityName="Guerin-Meneville" authorityYear="1831" box="[638,711,799,825]" class="Insecta" family="Pentatomidae" genus="Pentatoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="yolofa">
<emphasis id="28BDD22068737B0C9B086742FF9CC83D" box="[638,711,799,825]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">yolofa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
had been considered as a junior synonym of
<taxonomicName id="DDC975B168737B0C9DA9677DF80CC83D" authorityName="- Distant" authorityYear="1890" box="[1247,1367,800,825]" class="Insecta" family="Cimicidae" genus="Cimex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="purpureus">
<emphasis id="28BDD22068737B0C9DA9677DF80CC83D" box="[1247,1367,800,825]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">purpureus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as its date of publication was thought to be 1838. This actually is that of
<taxonomicName id="DDC975B168737B0C9AAB671EF91EC859" authorityName="Germar" authorityYear="1838" box="[989,1093,835,861]" class="Insecta" family="Pentatomidae" genus="Asopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="figuratus">
<emphasis id="28BDD22068737B0C9AAB671EF91EC859" box="[989,1093,835,861]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">figuratus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. For a long time there was considerable confusion about the priority of the works of
<bibRefCitation id="7E5873C368737B0C9A2F673AF971C885" author="Westwood J. O." box="[857,1066,871,897]" firstAuthor="Westwood" journalOrPublisher="J. C. Bridgewater, London" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" refId="ref19733" refString="Westwood J. O. 1837. A Catalogue of Hemiptera in the Collection of Rev. F. W. Hope, M. A., with Short Latin Diagnoses of the New Species. J. C. Bridgewater, London." title="A Catalogue of Hemiptera in the Collection of Rev. F. W. Hope, M. A., with Short Latin Diagnoses of the New Species" type="book" year="1837">Westwood (1837)</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="7E5873C368737B0C9D17673AF848C885" author="Germar E. F." box="[1121,1299,871,897]" firstAuthor="Germar" journalOrPublisher="F. Germar. Revue entomologique (Silbermann)" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" pagination="121 - 192" part="5" refId="ref14563" refString="Germar E. F. 1838. Hemiptera Heteroptera Promontorii Bonae Spei, nundum descripta, quae collegit C. F. Drege, et proponit E. F. Germar. Revue entomologique (Silbermann) 5: 121 - 192." title="Hemiptera Heteroptera Promontorii Bonae Spei, nundum descripta, quae collegit C. F. Drege, et proponit E" type="journal article" year="1838">Germar (1838)</bibRefCitation>
; the title pages of both works indicated 1837 as the date of publication.
<bibRefCitation id="7E5873C368737B0C9ADA67D7F9C1C8A1" author="Schouteden, H." box="[940,1178,906,933]" firstAuthor="Schouteden" journalOrPublisher="Annales de la Societe entomologique de Belgique" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" pagination="7 - 8" part="51" refId="ref18117" refString="Schouteden, H. 1907 b. [Communication on the dating of Germar's &quot; Hemiptera Heteroptera Promontorii Bonae Spei &quot;]. Annales de la Societe entomologique de Belgique 51: 7 - 8." title="Communication on the dating of Germar's &quot; Hemiptera Heteroptera Promontorii Bonae Spei" type="journal article" year="1907" yearSuffix="b">Schouteden (1907b)</bibRefCitation>
demonstrated that Westwood’s work had priority.
<bibRefCitation id="7E5873C368737B0C9B4567F3FFB0C8CC" author="Sherborn C. D." box="[563,747,942,968]" firstAuthor="Sherborn" journalOrPublisher="Longmans, Green &amp; Co. &amp; British Museum (Natural History), London" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" refId="ref18476" refString="Sherborn C. D. 1922 - 32. Index Animalium sive Index Nominum quae ab A. D. MDCCLVIII Generibus et Speciebus Animalium imposita sunt. Sectio secunda. A Kalendis Ianuariis, MDCCCI usque ad finem Decembris, MDCCCL. Longmans, Green &amp; Co. &amp; British Museum (Natural History), London." title="Index Animalium sive Index Nominum quae ab A. D. MDCCLVIII Generibus et Speciebus Animalium imposita sunt. Sectio secunda. A Kalendis Ianuariis, MDCCCI usque ad finem Decembris, MDCCCL" type="book" year="1922">
Sherborn (
<date id="6E7728F268737B0C9BD967F3FFB0C8CC" box="[687,747,942,968]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" value="1922" valueMax="1932">1922</date>
</bibRefCitation>
–
<bibRefCitation id="7E5873C368737B0C9B8D67F3FE6CC8CC" author="Sherborn C. D." box="[763,823,942,968]" firstAuthor="Sherborn" journalOrPublisher="Part 28: INDEX variegatus-zizyphinus: 6807 - 7056. The Trustees of the British Museum, London" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" refId="ref18535" refString="Sherborn C. D. 1932. Index Animalium sive Index Nominum quae ab A. D. MDCCLVIII Generibus et Speciebus Animalium imposita sunt. Section 2, Part 28: INDEX variegatus-zizyphinus: 6807 - 7056. The Trustees of the British Museum, London." title="Index Animalium sive Index Nominum quae ab A. D. MDCCLVIII Generibus et Speciebus Animalium imposita sunt" type="book" year="1932">1932</bibRefCitation>
) attributed the date “1840” to all taxa published by Germar in the fifth volume of the
<emphasis id="28BDD22068737B0C9B0F678EFE2CC8E8" box="[633,887,978,1004]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Revue entomologique</emphasis>
(pages 121–192); most modern catalogues of
<taxonomicName id="DDC975B168737B0C99AA67AAFC3DCF15" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1810" box="[220,358,1015,1041]" class="Insecta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Heteroptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Heteroptera</taxonomicName>
list Germar’s work with the date 1838 (e.g.,
<bibRefCitation id="7E5873C368737B0C9A0767ABF909CF14" author="Rolston L. H. &amp; Aalbu R. L. &amp; Murray M. J. &amp; Rider D. A." box="[881,1106,1014,1040]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Rolston" journalOrPublisher="Papua New Guinea Journal of Agriculture, Forestry &amp; Fisheries" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" pagination="36 - 108" part="36" refId="ref17764" refString="Rolston L. H., Aalbu R. L., Murray M. J. &amp; Rider D. A. 1993. A Catalog of the Tessaratomidae of the World. Papua New Guinea Journal of Agriculture, Forestry &amp; Fisheries 36 (2): 36 - 108." title="A Catalog of the Tessaratomidae of the World" type="journal article" year="1993">
Rolston
<emphasis id="28BDD22068737B0C9AA567AAF956CF14" box="[979,1037,1014,1040]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">et al.</emphasis>
1993
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="7E5873C368737B0C9D2B67ABF9B7CF15" author="Schuh R. T." box="[1117,1260,1014,1041]" firstAuthor="Schuh" journalOrPublisher="New York Entomological Society, New York City" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" refId="ref18436" refString="Schuh R. T. 1995. Plant Bugs of the World (Insecta: Heteroptera: Miridae): Systematic Catalog, Distributions, Host List, and Bibliography. New York Entomological Society, New York City." title="Plant Bugs of the World (Insecta: Heteroptera: Miridae): Systematic Catalog, Distributions, Host List, and Bibliography" type="book" year="1995">Schuh 1995</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="7E5873C368737B0C9D8067ABFCD6CF31" author="Aukema B. &amp; Rieger C." firstAuthor="Aukema" journalOrPublisher="Netherlands Entomological Society, Amsterdam" pageId="32" pageNumber="35" refId="ref13062" refString="Aukema B. &amp; Rieger C. (eds). 1995 - 2013. Catalogue of the Heteroptera of the Palaearctic Region [in six volumes]. Netherlands Entomological Society, Amsterdam." title="Catalogue of the Heteroptera of the Palaearctic Region [in six volumes]" type="book" year="1995">
Aukema &amp; Rieger (eds)
<date id="6E7728F268737B0C98246047FCD6CF31" box="[338,397,1050,1077]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" value="1995" valueMax="2013">1995</date>
</bibRefCitation>
–2013;
<bibRefCitation id="7E5873C368737B0C98926047FF98CF30" author="Rolston L. H. &amp; Rider D. A. &amp; Murray M. J. &amp; Aalbu R. L." box="[484,707,1050,1076]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Rolston" journalOrPublisher="Papua New Guinea Journal of Agriculture, Forestry &amp; Fisheries" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" pagination="22 - 101" part="39" refId="ref17817" refString="Rolston L. H., Rider D. A., Murray M. J. &amp; Aalbu R. L. 1996. Catalog of the Dinidoridae of the World. Papua New Guinea Journal of Agriculture, Forestry &amp; Fisheries 39 (1): 22 - 101." title="Catalog of the Dinidoridae of the World" type="journal article" year="1996">
Rolston
<emphasis id="28BDD22068737B0C9B336046FF24CF30" box="[581,639,1050,1076]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">et al.</emphasis>
1996
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="7E5873C368737B0C9BB86047FE9ECF30" author="Cassis G. &amp; Gross G. F." box="[718,965,1050,1076]" editor="Houston W. W. K." firstAuthor="Cassis" journalOrPublisher="CSIRO Publishing, Melbourne, Australia" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" refId="ref13681" refString="Cassis G. &amp; Gross G. F. 2002. Hemiptera: Heteroptera (Pentatomomorpha). In: Houston W. W. K. &amp; Wells A. (eds) Zoological Catalogue of Australia. Vol. 27.3 B. CSIRO Publishing, Melbourne, Australia." title="Hemiptera: Heteroptera (Pentatomomorpha)" type="book" volumeTitle="Zoological Catalogue of Australia. Vol. 27.3 B" year="2002">Cassis &amp; Gross 2002</bibRefCitation>
; CoreoideaSF
<bibRefCitation id="7E5873C368737B0C9D186047F9A8CF30" accessDate="2018-05-30" author="Team" box="[1134,1267,1050,1076]" firstAuthor="Team" journalOrPublisher="Agricultural College" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" publicationUrl="http://Coreoidea.SpeciesFile.org" refId="ref13809" refString="CoreoideaSF Team. 2018. Coreoidea Species File Online. Version 5.0 / 5.0. Available from http: // Coreoidea. SpeciesFile. org [accessed 30 May 2018]." title="CoreoideaSF" type="url" year="2018">Team 2018</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="7E5873C368737B0C9D886047FC17CF5C" accessDate="2018-05-30" author="Dellape P. M. &amp; Henry T. J." firstAuthor="Dellape" journalOrPublisher="Taylor &amp; Francis, London" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" publicationUrl="http://Lygaeoidea.SpeciesFile.org" refId="ref14005" refString="Dellape P. M. &amp; Henry T. J. 2018. Lygaeoidea Species File. Version 5.0 / 5.0. Available from http: // Lygaeoidea. SpeciesFile. org [accessed 30 May 2018]." title="Lygaeoidea Species File. Version 5.0 / 5.0" type="url" year="2018">Dellapé &amp; Henry 2018</bibRefCitation>
). Recently,
<bibRefCitation id="7E5873C368737B0C98A76063FE69CF5C" author="Nagel P. &amp; Schmidlin L." box="[465,818,1086,1112]" firstAuthor="Nagel" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" pagination="87 - 107" part="3794" refId="ref16964" refString="Nagel P. &amp; Schmidlin L. 2014. Silbermann's &quot; Revue entomologique &quot;: publication dates for nomenclatural purposes and bibliographic notes (Insecta, mainly Coleoptera). Zootaxa 3794 (1): 87 - 107. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3794.1.3" title="Silbermann's &quot; Revue entomologique &quot;: publication dates for nomenclatural purposes and bibliographic notes (Insecta, mainly Coleoptera)" type="journal article" year="2014">Nagel &amp; Schmidlin (2014: 97)</bibRefCitation>
stated a precise date (
<date id="6E7728F268737B0C9D5B6063F854CF5C" box="[1069,1295,1086,1112]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" value="1838-11-21">21 November 1838</date>
) for taxa newly described between pages 1 to 224 of the fifth volume. As a consequence,
<taxonomicName id="DDC975B168737B0C9DF4603FFCDACF9B" authority="Westwood, 1837" authorityName="Westwood" authorityYear="1837" class="Insecta" family="Pentatomidae" genus="Pentatoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="purpurea">
<emphasis id="28BDD22068737B0C9DF4603FF82DCF7F" box="[1154,1398,1122,1147]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Pentatoma purpurea</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="7E5873C368737B0C99CB60D8FCDACF9B" author="Westwood J. O." box="[189,385,1157,1183]" firstAuthor="Westwood" journalOrPublisher="J. C. Bridgewater, London" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" refId="ref19733" refString="Westwood J. O. 1837. A Catalogue of Hemiptera in the Collection of Rev. F. W. Hope, M. A., with Short Latin Diagnoses of the New Species. J. C. Bridgewater, London." title="A Catalogue of Hemiptera in the Collection of Rev. F. W. Hope, M. A., with Short Latin Diagnoses of the New Species" type="book" year="1837">Westwood, 1837</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
definitely has priority over
<taxonomicName id="DDC975B168737B0C9BB360DBF96ACF9B" authority="Germar, 1838" authorityName="Germar" authorityYear="1838" box="[709,1073,1157,1184]" class="Insecta" family="Pentatomidae" genus="Asopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="figuratus">
<emphasis id="28BDD22068737B0C9BB360DBFED3CFA4" box="[709,904,1158,1184]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Asopus figuratus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="7E5873C368737B0C9AF960D8F96ACF9B" author="Germar E. F." box="[911,1073,1157,1183]" firstAuthor="Germar" journalOrPublisher="F. Germar. Revue entomologique (Silbermann)" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" pagination="121 - 192" part="5" refId="ref14563" refString="Germar E. F. 1838. Hemiptera Heteroptera Promontorii Bonae Spei, nundum descripta, quae collegit C. F. Drege, et proponit E. F. Germar. Revue entomologique (Silbermann) 5: 121 - 192." title="Hemiptera Heteroptera Promontorii Bonae Spei, nundum descripta, quae collegit C. F. Drege, et proponit E" type="journal article" year="1838">Germar, 1838</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
[not 1837 as earlier authors had assumed], and
<taxonomicName id="DDC975B168737B0C98EB60F7FECBCFC7" authority="Guerin-Meneville, 1831" authorityName="Guerin-Meneville" authorityYear="1831" box="[413,912,1193,1219]" class="Insecta" family="Pentatomidae" genus="Pentatoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="yolofa">
<emphasis id="28BDD22068737B0C98EB60F7FF36CFC7" box="[413,621,1193,1219]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Pentatoma yolofa</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="7E5873C368737B0C9B0260F4FECBCFC7" author="Guerin-Meneville F. E." box="[628,912,1193,1219]" firstAuthor="Guerin-Meneville" journalOrPublisher="Vol. 1: Insectes. J. B. Baillere, Paris and London" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" refId="ref14896" refString="Guerin-Meneville F. E. 1831 [1829 - 1838]. Iconographie du Regne Animal de G. Cuvier, ou Representation d'apres Nature de l'une des Especes les plus remarquables et souvent non encore figurees, de chaque Genre d'Animaux. Vol. 1: Insectes. J. B. Baillere, Paris and London." title="[1829 - 1838]. Iconographie du Regne Animal de G. Cuvier, ou Representation d'apres Nature de l'une des Especes les plus remarquables et souvent non encore figurees, de chaque Genre d'Animaux" type="book" year="1831">Guérin-Méneville, 1831</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
over them both.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1A760E3268737B0C999C60B6F969CE01" blockId="32.[189,1399,1259,1394]" box="[234,1074,1259,1286]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
<emphasis id="28BDD22068737B0C999C60B6F969CE01" bold="true" box="[234,1074,1259,1286]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
Should we use
<taxonomicName id="DDC975B168737B0C98D560B6FCB5CE02" authorityName="Guerin-Meneville" authorityYear="1831" box="[419,494,1259,1286]" class="Insecta" family="Pentatomidae" genus="Pentatoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="yolofa">
<emphasis id="28BDD22068737B0C98D560B6FCB5CE02" bold="true" box="[419,494,1259,1286]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">yolofa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, a noun in apposition or
<taxonomicName id="DDC975B168737B0C9A5060B6FE25CE02" authorityName="- Dupuis" authorityYear="1952" box="[806,894,1259,1286]" class="Insecta" family="Cimicidae" genus="Afrius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="yolofus">
<emphasis id="28BDD22068737B0C9A5060B6FE25CE02" bold="true" box="[806,894,1259,1286]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">yolofus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, an adjective?
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1A760E3268737B0C99CB6152F91CCE76" blockId="32.[189,1399,1259,1394]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
The original description indubitably shows that Guérin-Méneville chose an adjective and not a noun in apposition as may have been thought by recent authors who made use of the combination
<taxonomicName id="DDC975B168737B0C9DA1616EF834CE49" authorityName="sensu Dallas" authorityYear="1851" box="[1239,1391,1331,1357]" class="Insecta" family="Cimicidae" genus="Afrius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="yolofa">
<emphasis id="28BDD22068737B0C9DA1616EF834CE49" box="[1239,1391,1331,1357]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Afrius yolofa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, possibly influenced by earlier authors (
<bibRefCitation id="7E5873C368737B0C9BF2610AFEC6CE75" author="Amyot C. J. B. &amp; Serville A." box="[644,925,1367,1393]" firstAuthor="Amyot" journalOrPublisher="Roret, Paris" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" refId="ref12971" refString="Amyot C. J. B. &amp; Serville A. 1843. Histoire naturelle des insectes. Hemipteres. Roret, Paris. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 8471" title="Histoire naturelle des insectes. Hemipteres" type="book" year="1843">Amyot &amp; Serville 1843</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="7E5873C368737B0C9ADF610AF960CE76" author="Dallas W. S." box="[937,1083,1367,1394]" firstAuthor="Dallas" journalOrPublisher="Taylor &amp; Francis, London" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" refId="ref13960" refString="Dallas W. S. 1851. List of Specimens of Hemipterous Insects in the Collection of the British Museum, Pt. 1. Taylor &amp; Francis, London. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 20373" title="List of Specimens of Hemipterous Insects in the Collection of the British Museum, Pt. 1" type="book" year="1851">Dallas 1851</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1A760E3268737B0C99CB61C4FF2DCDD6" blockId="32.[189,1399,1433,1746]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
<bibRefCitation id="7E5873C368737B0C99CB61C4FCBACEB7" author="Guerin-Meneville F. E." box="[189,481,1433,1459]" firstAuthor="Guerin-Meneville" journalOrPublisher="Vol. 1: Insectes. J. B. Baillere, Paris and London" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" refId="ref14896" refString="Guerin-Meneville F. E. 1831 [1829 - 1838]. Iconographie du Regne Animal de G. Cuvier, ou Representation d'apres Nature de l'une des Especes les plus remarquables et souvent non encore figurees, de chaque Genre d'Animaux. Vol. 1: Insectes. J. B. Baillere, Paris and London." title="[1829 - 1838]. Iconographie du Regne Animal de G. Cuvier, ou Representation d'apres Nature de l'une des Especes les plus remarquables et souvent non encore figurees, de chaque Genre d'Animaux" type="book" year="1831">Guérin-Méneville (1831</bibRefCitation>
: plate 55, 1844: 344) used the binomen
<taxonomicName id="DDC975B168737B0C9ABE61C7F9C1CEB7" authorityName="Guerin-Meneville" authorityYear="1831" box="[968,1178,1433,1459]" class="Insecta" family="Pentatomidae" genus="Pentatoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="yolofa">
<emphasis id="28BDD22068737B0C9ABE61C7F9C1CEB7" box="[968,1178,1433,1459]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Pentatoma yolofa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with a lower case “y”, implying that the name was treated as an adjective (a capital “D” was used for
<taxonomicName id="DDC975B168737B0C9DF361E0F81DCED3" authority="Dives" authorityName="Dives" box="[1157,1350,1469,1495]" class="Insecta" family="Pentatomidae" genus="Scutellera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="28BDD22068737B0C9DF361E0F81DCED3" box="[1157,1350,1469,1495]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Scutellera Dives</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and a capital “S” for
<emphasis id="28BDD22068737B0C98F261BCFF4CCEFE" box="[388,535,1505,1530]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Tesseratoma</emphasis>
[sic]
<emphasis id="28BDD22068737B0C9B2D61BCFF8ECEFF" box="[603,725,1505,1531]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Sonneratii</emphasis>
on the same plate, as one would expect in those days for a noun in apposition or a genitive based on the name of a person); the same author (
<bibRefCitation id="7E5873C368737B0C9DD46259FC6CCD46" author="Guerin-Meneville F. E." firstAuthor="Guerin-Meneville" journalOrPublisher="J. B. Baillere, Paris and London" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" refId="ref14955" refString="Guerin-Meneville F. E. 1844 [1829 - 1844]. Iconographie du Regne Animal de G. Cuvier, ou Representation d'apres Nature de l'une des Especes les plus remarquables et souvent non encore figurees, de chaque Genre d'Animaux. Vol. 2: Planche des Animaux invertebres. J. B. Baillere, Paris and London." title="[1829 - 1844]. Iconographie du Regne Animal de G. Cuvier, ou Representation d'apres Nature de l'une des Especes les plus remarquables et souvent non encore figurees, de chaque Genre d'Animaux. Vol. 2: Planche des Animaux invertebres" type="book" year="1844">Guérin-Méneville 1844: 344</bibRefCitation>
) also used the French vernacular name P[entatome] yolofe.
<bibRefCitation id="7E5873C368737B0C9D716274F86ECD46" author="Amyot C. J. B. &amp; Serville A." box="[1031,1333,1576,1603]" firstAuthor="Amyot" journalOrPublisher="Roret, Paris" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" refId="ref12971" refString="Amyot C. J. B. &amp; Serville A. 1843. Histoire naturelle des insectes. Hemipteres. Roret, Paris. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 8471" title="Histoire naturelle des insectes. Hemipteres" type="book" year="1843">Amyot &amp; Serville (1843)</bibRefCitation>
cited this species as
<taxonomicName id="DDC975B168737B0C981B6211FF16CD62" authority="Yolofa" authorityName="Yolofa" box="[365,589,1612,1638]" class="Insecta" family="Pentatomidae" genus="Canthecona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="28BDD22068737B0C981B6211FF16CD62" box="[365,589,1612,1638]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Canthecona Yolofa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(with vernacular French as Canthécone Yolofa), using a capital “Y” in the Latin binomen (also followed by
<bibRefCitation id="7E5873C368737B0C9BE0622DFE7CCD8F" author="Dallas W. S." box="[662,807,1648,1675]" firstAuthor="Dallas" journalOrPublisher="Taylor &amp; Francis, London" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" refId="ref13960" refString="Dallas W. S. 1851. List of Specimens of Hemipterous Insects in the Collection of the British Museum, Pt. 1. Taylor &amp; Francis, London. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 20373" title="List of Specimens of Hemipterous Insects in the Collection of the British Museum, Pt. 1" type="book" year="1851">Dallas 1851</bibRefCitation>
), and a final “a” in the French name. Their use of a capital “Y” and of a final “a” in the French name indicates that these subsequent authors treated the species name as a noun in apposition.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1A760E3268737B0D99CB62A7FEA7CA94" blockId="32.[189,1399,1786,2027]" lastBlockId="33.[189,1399,267,400]" lastPageId="33" lastPageNumber="34" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
The
<emphasis id="28BDD22068737B0C998562A7FFA4CC10" box="[243,767,1786,1812]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Grand Dictionnaire Universel du XIX siècle</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="7E5873C368737B0C9A6662A7F950CC10" author="Larousse P." box="[784,1035,1786,1812]" firstAuthor="Larousse" journalOrPublisher="Administration du grand Dictionnaire universel, Paris" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" refId="ref15823" refString="Larousse P. 1876. Grand Dictionnaire universel du XIXe Siecle: francais, historique, geographique, mythologique, bibliographique, litteraire, artistique, scientifique, etc., Vol. 15: TESTAM-Z. Administration du grand Dictionnaire universel, Paris." title="Grand Dictionnaire universel du XIXe Siecle: francais, historique, geographique, mythologique, bibliographique, litteraire, artistique, scientifique, etc., Vol. 15: TESTAM-Z" type="book" year="1876">Larousse 1876: 1423</bibRefCitation>
) has an entry for the adjective “YOLOF ou YOLOFF, OVE”, meaning “relative to the native language of the Wolof people (
<collectingCountry id="62DE4EA268737B0C9C676343F829CC3C" box="[1297,1394,1822,1848]" name="Senegal" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Senegal</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="62DE4EA268737B0C99CB631CFC46CC5F" box="[189,285,1857,1883]" name="Gambia" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Gambia</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="62DE4EA268737B0C985C631CFCE8CC58" box="[298,435,1857,1884]" name="Mauritania" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Mauritania</collectingCountry>
)”. Although the adjective is there restricted to the field of linguistics and despite the fact that the proper feminine form of the adjective in French is “yolove”, it is clear that Guérin- Méneville (1831) meant to indicate that his
<taxonomicName id="DDC975B168737B0C9BCF63D7FE63CCA7" authorityName="G.A.Olivier" authorityYear="1789" box="[697,824,1930,1955]" class="Insecta" family="Pentatomidae" genus="Pentatoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="28BDD22068737B0C9BCF63D7FE63CCA7" box="[697,824,1930,1955]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Pentatoma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, collected in
<collectingCountry id="62DE4EA268737B0C9AA263D4F96FCCA7" box="[980,1076,1929,1955]" name="Senegal" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Senegal</collectingCountry>
, the land of the wolof/yolof people, was ‘yolove’ (expressed with an adjective), so he called it Pentatome yolofe/
<taxonomicName id="DDC975B168737B0C9DE963F3F834CCC3" authorityName="Guerin-Meneville" authorityYear="1831" box="[1183,1391,1965,1991]" class="Insecta" family="Pentatomidae" genus="Pentatoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="yolofa">
<emphasis id="28BDD22068737B0C9DE963F3F834CCC3" box="[1183,1391,1965,1991]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Pentatoma yolofa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Admittedly, this adjective has not been used much in zoology;
<bibRefCitation id="7E5873C368737B0C9ACC638CF991CCEF" author="Sherborn C. D." box="[954,1226,2001,2027]" firstAuthor="Sherborn" journalOrPublisher="Part 28: INDEX variegatus-zizyphinus: 6807 - 7056. The Trustees of the British Museum, London" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" refId="ref18535" refString="Sherborn C. D. 1932. Index Animalium sive Index Nominum quae ab A. D. MDCCLVIII Generibus et Speciebus Animalium imposita sunt. Section 2, Part 28: INDEX variegatus-zizyphinus: 6807 - 7056. The Trustees of the British Museum, London." title="Index Animalium sive Index Nominum quae ab A. D. MDCCLVIII Generibus et Speciebus Animalium imposita sunt" type="book" year="1932">Sherborn (1932: 7031)</bibRefCitation>
only lists one other species having
<taxonomicName id="DDC975B168727B0D98C46556FF5CCA21" authorityName="- Dupuis" authorityYear="1952" box="[434,519,267,293]" class="Insecta" family="Cimicidae" genus="Afrius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="yolofus">
<emphasis id="28BDD22068727B0D98C46556FF5CCA21" box="[434,519,267,293]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">yolofus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as its epithet,
<taxonomicName id="DDC975B168727B0D9BDB6551F97FCA21" authority="(Dalman, 1817)" baseAuthorityName="Dalman" baseAuthorityYear="1817" box="[685,1060,267,293]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Prionus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="yolofus">
<emphasis id="28BDD22068727B0D9BDB6551FE3ECA21" box="[685,869,267,293]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Prionus yolofus</emphasis>
(Dalman, 1817)
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="DDC975B168727B0D9D426556F9E0CA21" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[1076,1211,267,293]" class="Insecta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Coleoptera</taxonomicName>
:
<taxonomicName id="DDC975B168727B0D9DB36556F828CA21" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1802" box="[1221,1395,267,293]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Cerambycidae</taxonomicName>
:
<taxonomicName id="DDC975B168727B0D99CB6572FC69CA4D" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1802" box="[189,306,303,329]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Prioninae">Prioninae</taxonomicName>
:
<taxonomicName id="DDC975B168727B0D984C6572FCA3CA4E" box="[314,504,303,330]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Acanthophorini">Acanthophorini</taxonomicName>
). The latter species is now placed in the genus
<taxonomicName id="DDC975B168727B0D9D666572F87FCA4D" authority="Thomson, 1864" authorityName="Thomson" authorityYear="1864" box="[1040,1316,303,329]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Tithoes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="28BDD22068727B0D9D666572F93ECA4D" box="[1040,1125,303,329]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Tithoes</emphasis>
Thomson, 1864
</taxonomicName>
, which contains two other species whose epithets equally express their rather precise African provenance:
<taxonomicName id="DDC975B168727B0D99CB652BFF30CA94" authority="(Lameere, 1903)" baseAuthorityName="Lameere" baseAuthorityYear="1903" box="[189,619,374,400]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Tithoes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="congolanus">
<emphasis id="28BDD22068727B0D99CB652BFCFBCA94" box="[189,416,374,400]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Tithoes congolanus</emphasis>
(Lameere, 1903)
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="DDC975B168727B0D9BD2652AFEA3CA94" authority="(Lameere, 1903)" baseAuthorityName="Lameere" baseAuthorityYear="1903" box="[676,1016,374,400]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Tithoes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="somalius">
<emphasis id="28BDD22068727B0D9BD2652AFE72CA94" box="[676,809,374,400]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">T. somalius</emphasis>
(Lameere, 1903)
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1A760E3268727B0D99CB65E5F9ABC9EA" blockId="33.[189,1399,440,751]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
The precedence of
<taxonomicName id="DDC975B168727B0D98D565E5FF54CAD6" authorityName="Guerin-Meneville" authorityYear="1831" box="[419,527,440,466]" class="Insecta" family="Pentatomidae" genus="Pentatoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="yolofa">
<emphasis id="28BDD22068727B0D98D565E5FF54CAD6" box="[419,527,440,466]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">A. yolofa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
over its synonyms, pointed out by
<bibRefCitation id="7E5873C368727B0D9ACC65E5F93DCAD7" author="Dupuis C." box="[954,1126,440,467]" firstAuthor="Dupuis" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin de la Societe zoologique de France." pageId="33" pageNumber="34" pagination="447 - 454" part="77" refId="ref14338" refString="Dupuis C. 1952. Priorite de quelques noms d'Heteropteres de Guerin Meneville (1831). Bulletin de la Societe zoologique de France. 77: 447 - 454." title="Priorite de quelques noms d'Heteropteres de Guerin Meneville (1831)" type="journal article" year="1952">Dupuis (1952)</bibRefCitation>
and echoed by
<bibRefCitation id="7E5873C368727B0D9C5165E5FC55CAF2" author="Leston D." firstAuthor="Leston" journalOrPublisher="Occasional Papers of the National Museum of Southern Rhodesia" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" pagination="678 - 686" part="19" refId="ref16041" refString="Leston D. 1954. Notes on the Ethiopian Pentatomoidea (Hem.) XII. On some specimens from Southern Rhodesia, with an investigation of certain features in the morphology of Afrius figuratus (Germar) and remarks upon the male genitalia in Amyotinae. Occasional Papers of the National Museum of Southern Rhodesia 19: 678 - 686." title="Notes on the Ethiopian Pentatomoidea (Hem.) XII. On some specimens from Southern Rhodesia, with an investigation of certain features in the morphology of Afrius figuratus (Germar) and remarks upon the male genitalia in Amyotinae" type="journal article" year="1954">Leston (1954)</bibRefCitation>
, was generally ignored until
<bibRefCitation id="7E5873C368727B0D9B2C6586FE4ACAF2" author="Thomas D. B." box="[602,785,475,502]" firstAuthor="Thomas" journalOrPublisher="Insecta Mundi" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" pagination="145 - 211" part="8" refId="ref19258" refString="Thomas D. B. 1994. Taxonomic synopsis of the Old World asopine genera Heteroptera: Pentatomidae). Insecta Mundi 8: 145 - 211." title="Taxonomic synopsis of the Old World asopine genera Heteroptera: Pentatomidae" type="journal article" year="1994">Thomas (1994)</bibRefCitation>
. Even now, few are those who apply it. In almost two centuries, a substantial number of papers on the species have been published using either
<taxonomicName id="DDC975B168727B0D9DA9665DF80CC91D" authorityName="- Distant" authorityYear="1890" box="[1247,1367,512,537]" class="Insecta" family="Cimicidae" genus="Cimex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="purpureus">
<emphasis id="28BDD22068727B0D9DA9665DF80CC91D" box="[1247,1367,512,537]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">purpureus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
or
<taxonomicName id="DDC975B168727B0D99CB667EFC7EC939" authorityName="Germar" authorityYear="1838" box="[189,293,547,573]" class="Insecta" family="Pentatomidae" genus="Asopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="figuratus">
<emphasis id="28BDD22068727B0D99CB667EFC7EC939" box="[189,293,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">figuratus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Since
<taxonomicName id="DDC975B168727B0D980B6679FCAEC939" authorityName="- Distant" authorityYear="1890" box="[381,501,548,573]" class="Insecta" family="Cimicidae" genus="Cimex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="purpureus">
<emphasis id="28BDD22068727B0D980B6679FCAEC939" box="[381,501,548,573]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">purpureus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has been the most used overall, since it was used continually to refer to this species since its publication and since
<taxonomicName id="DDC975B168727B0D9B09661BFE1DC964" authorityName="- Reuter" authorityYear="1882" baseAuthorityName="Westwood" baseAuthorityYear="1837" box="[639,838,582,608]" class="Insecta" family="Cimicidae" genus="Afrius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="purpureus">
<emphasis id="28BDD22068727B0D9B09661BFE1DC964" box="[639,838,582,608]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Afrius purpureus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is the name used in the latest publication on the species that we are aware of, we have used the name
<taxonomicName id="DDC975B168727B0D9A536637FEB0C980" authorityName="- Reuter" authorityYear="1882" baseAuthorityName="Westwood" baseAuthorityYear="1837" box="[805,1003,618,644]" class="Insecta" family="Cimicidae" genus="Afrius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="purpureus">
<emphasis id="28BDD22068727B0D9A536637FEB0C980" box="[805,1003,618,644]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Afrius purpureus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in this revision as the valid name. In addition, we intend to apply to the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature, under Article 23.9.3 of the Code (
<bibRefCitation id="7E5873C368727B0D9B7E66ECFFCEC9CF" author="ICZN" box="[520,661,689,715]" firstAuthor="ICZN" journalOrPublisher="The International Trust for Zoological Nomenclature, London" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" refId="ref15327" refString="ICZN. 1999. International Code of Zoological Nomenclature. Fourth Edition. The International Trust for Zoological Nomenclature, London." title="International Code of Zoological Nomenclature. Fourth Edition" type="book" year="1999">ICZN 1999</bibRefCitation>
), so that the prevailing usage of the specific name
<taxonomicName id="DDC975B168727B0D9D8166EFFCAEC9EB" authority="Westwood, 1837" authorityName="Westwood" authorityYear="1837" class="Insecta" family="Pentatomidae" genus="Pentatoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="purpurea">
<emphasis id="28BDD22068727B0D9D8166EFFC72C9EA" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Pentatoma purpurea</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="7E5873C368727B0D98466689FCAEC9EB" author="Westwood J. O." box="[304,501,724,751]" firstAuthor="Westwood" journalOrPublisher="J. C. Bridgewater, London" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" refId="ref19733" refString="Westwood J. O. 1837. A Catalogue of Hemiptera in the Collection of Rev. F. W. Hope, M. A., with Short Latin Diagnoses of the New Species. J. C. Bridgewater, London." title="A Catalogue of Hemiptera in the Collection of Rev. F. W. Hope, M. A., with Short Latin Diagnoses of the New Species" type="book" year="1837">Westwood, 1837</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(currently
<taxonomicName id="DDC975B168727B0D9B016688FE65C9EA" authorityName="- Reuter" authorityYear="1882" baseAuthorityName="Westwood" baseAuthorityYear="1837" box="[631,830,725,751]" class="Insecta" family="Cimicidae" genus="Afrius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="purpureus">
<emphasis id="28BDD22068727B0D9B016688FE65C9EA" box="[631,830,725,751]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Afrius purpureus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) be conserved and ensured in future.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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