treatments-xml/data/03/FA/86/03FA864EFFED2F12FF1AFAA8FA9EF891.xml

<document id="69DDA7D7C10529439981A041D4BC25A0" ID-DOI="10.11646/phytotaxa.657.1.1" ID-ISSN="1179-3163" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13217474" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="valdenar" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="GgImagineBatch" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="valdenar" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="valdenar" checkinTime="1722603694281" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Masson, Didier, Magain, Nicolas &amp; Sérusiaux, Emmanuël" docDate="2024" docId="03FA864EFFED2F12FF1AFAA8FA9EF891" docLanguage="en" docName="phytotaxa.657.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Phytotaxa 657 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.657.1.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:F08184CE06D8A97EA3E6DE35D99648B0.4:Phytotaxa.2014-.monograph" docStyleId="F08184CE06D8A97EA3E6DE35D99648B0" docStyleName="Phytotaxa.2014-.monograph" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Parmotrema" docType="key" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="121" masterDocId="FFC3FE36FF982F6AFF92FF84FF9FFFE4" masterDocTitle="Small island but great diversity: thirty six species of Parmotrema (Parmeliaceae, lichenized Ascomycota), including sixteen new species, on Réunion (Mascarenes), with additional data from the Western Indian Ocean" masterLastPageNumber="138" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="118" updateTime="1726078466393" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="3D00D606961BD624BA09921411B96BF7">Small island but great diversity: thirty six species of Parmotrema (Parmeliaceae, lichenized Ascomycota), including sixteen new species, on Réunion (Mascarenes), with additional data from the Western Indian Ocean</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="9C128D7877CF59FD570EF34B217DCF65">Masson, Didier</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="7A2F15A4D0D2120585CD42FAFBD19484">Vertevoye, 2860 route d’Irieu, F- 40390 Saint-Martin-de-Seignanx, France di. masson @ wanadoo. fr; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 3340 - 5472</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="2C1591F4FFD7D0FE0B311D03AF57CCE2">Magain, Nicolas</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="35980C69B020D2A2EFABB2B90977BDE8">Evolution and Conservation Biology, InBios research centre, Sart Tilman B 22, Quartier Vallée 1, Chemin de la vallée 4, B- 4000 Liège, Belgium nicolas. magain @ uliege. be; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 5409 - 9518</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="EB15000387F90CB60684738AE1DB5354" type="email">nicolas.magain@uliege.be</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="AB53EF8517ED99B08D1D87E88E53B780">Sérusiaux, Emmanuël</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="D4A49F3C458473AF6CD52D5BBE2C0CE3">Vertevoye, 2860 route d’Irieu, F- 40390 Saint-Martin-de-Seignanx, France di. masson @ wanadoo. fr; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 3340 - 5472 &amp; Evolution and Conservation Biology, InBios research centre, Sart Tilman B 22, Quartier Vallée 1, Chemin de la vallée 4, B- 4000 Liège, Belgium e. serusiaux @ uliege. be; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 0456 - 0131 * Corresponding author &amp; Vertevoye, 2860 route d’Irieu, F- 40390 Saint-Martin-de-Seignanx, France di. masson @ wanadoo. fr; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 3340 - 5472</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:date id="9561954A1643740AE49E0609FA1067D1">2024</mods:date>
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<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFED2F1FFF1AFAA8FC09FAA2" bold="true" box="[136,918,1323,1350]" pageId="117" pageNumber="118">
Identification key to the 
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFED2F1FFE28FAA8FDCDFAA2" ID-CoL="6HY5" ID-ENA="172634" box="[442,594,1324,1350]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Parmotrema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="117" pageNumber="118" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFED2F1FFE28FAA8FDCDFAA2" bold="true" box="[442,594,1324,1350]" italics="true" pageId="117" pageNumber="118">Parmotrema</emphasis>
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species of 
<collectingCountry id="F34477C8FFED2F1FFD45FAAFFC09FAA2" box="[727,918,1323,1350]" name="Reunion Island" pageId="117" pageNumber="118">Réunion Island</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
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<keyLead id="30A2946DFFED2F1FFF1AFAF5FA34FA62" box="[136,1451,1392,1414]" pageId="117" pageNumber="118">1. Medulla P− or P+ faint yellow ......................................................................................................................................................... 2</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEC3758FFED2F1FFF1AFA0AFA34FA46" blockId="117.[136,1452,1392,1990]" box="[136,1451,1421,1443]" pageId="117" pageNumber="118">
<keyLead id="30A2946DFFED2F1FFF1AFA0AFA34FA46" box="[136,1451,1421,1443]" pageId="117" pageNumber="118">- Medulla P+ orange ......................................................................................................................................................................... 18</keyLead>
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<keyStep id="30A72FFDFFED2F1FFF1AFA43FA34FA1D" pageId="117" pageNumber="118">
<paragraph id="8BEC3758FFED2F1FFF1AFA43FA34FA38" blockId="117.[136,1452,1392,1990]" box="[136,1451,1479,1501]" pageId="117" pageNumber="118">
<keyLead id="30A2946DFFED2F1FFF1AFA43FA34FA38" box="[136,1451,1479,1501]" pageId="117" pageNumber="118">2. Medulla K−, C−, KC− ...................................................................................................................................................................... 3</keyLead>
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<keyLead id="30A2946DFFED2F1FFF1AFA60FA34FA1D" box="[136,1451,1507,1530]" pageId="117" pageNumber="118">- At least one of these 3 tests positive ................................................................................................................................................. 5</keyLead>
</paragraph>
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<keyStep id="30A72FFDFFED2F1FFF1AF999FA34F96D" pageId="117" pageNumber="118">
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3. Without vegetative propagules .......................................................................................................................... [
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFED2F1FFB63F99AFA3CF9D6" box="[1265,1443,1565,1587]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Parmotrema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="117" pageNumber="118" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="appendiculatum">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFED2F1FFB63F99AFA3CF9D6" box="[1265,1443,1565,1587]" italics="true" pageId="117" pageNumber="118">P. appendiculatum</emphasis>
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] (lobe margins and apothecia with corniculate laciniae, apothecial disc imperforate, medulla pigmented yellow near apothecia and containing barbatic acid and secalonic acid A; very rare species not recovered on 
<collectingCountry id="F34477C8FFED2F1FFC72F9D3FBAEF989" box="[992,1073,1623,1645]" name="Réunion" pageId="117" pageNumber="118">Réunion</collectingCountry>
since the 19 
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century)
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<paragraph id="8BEC3758FFED2F1FFF1AF9F0FA34F96D" blockId="117.[136,1452,1392,1990]" box="[136,1451,1652,1674]" pageId="117" pageNumber="118">
<keyLead id="30A2946DFFED2F1FFF1AF9F0FA34F96D" box="[136,1451,1652,1674]" pageId="117" pageNumber="118">- With vegetative propagules .............................................................................................................................................................. 4</keyLead>
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<paragraph id="8BEC3758FFED2F1FFF1AF929FBF7F919" blockId="117.[136,1452,1392,1990]" pageId="117" pageNumber="118">
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4. Thallus sorediate, lobes without cilia ................................................................................................................... 
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFED2F1FFB6BF92AFA34F926" ID-CoL="4DPYM" box="[1273,1451,1709,1731]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Parmotrema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="117" pageNumber="118" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="praesorediosum">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFED2F1FFB6BF92AFA34F926" box="[1273,1451,1709,1731]" italics="true" pageId="117" pageNumber="118">P. praesorediosum</emphasis>
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(upper surface emaculate, soralia linear marginal when young, becoming labriform and crescent-shaped [
<figureCitation id="13682BDDFFED2F1FFB50F94EFA81F93B" box="[1218,1310,1738,1760]" captionStart="FIGURE 34" captionStartId="88.[136,229,1953,1975]" captionTargetBox="[163,1434,1116,1925]" captionTargetId="figure-445@88.[150,1435,1112,1929]" captionTargetPageId="88" captionText="FIGURE 34. Parmotrema praesorediosum. A: Distribution on Réunion (UTM 2×2 km grid system); B: Bioclimatic characteristics of collection site (abbreviations and threshold values for thermotype and ombrotype horizons from Rivas-Martínez et al. 2011: 17–18); C: Gross morphology of thallus (Masson 974.4214); D: Sorediate lobes, with ± labriform and crescent-shaped marginal soralia (Masson 974.4215). Scale bars:A = 10 km; C = 10 mm; D = 3 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13217542" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13217542/files/figure.png" pageId="117" pageNumber="118">Fig. 34D</figureCitation>
], medulla with fatty acids other than protolichesterinic acid; uncommon species on 
<collectingCountry id="F34477C8FFED2F1FFCF3F963FC2AF919" box="[865,949,1767,1789]" name="Réunion" pageId="117" pageNumber="118">Réunion</collectingCountry>
, at low elevations)
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEC3758FFED2F1FFF1AF880FCF3F8B7" blockId="117.[136,1452,1392,1990]" pageId="117" pageNumber="118">
<keyLead id="30A2946DFFED2F1FFF1AF880FCF3F8B7" pageId="117" pageNumber="118">
- Thallus isidiate and/or laciniate, cilia numerous ............................................................................................................. 
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFED2F1FFAA9F880FA34F8FD" box="[1339,1451,1796,1817]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Parmotrema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="117" pageNumber="118" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="intonsum">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFED2F1FFAA9F880FA34F8FD" box="[1339,1451,1796,1817]" italics="true" pageId="117" pageNumber="118">P. intonsum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(shaggy appearance [
<figureCitation id="13682BDDFFED2F1FFE0FF8A4FE6AF8D2" box="[413,501,1824,1846]" captionStart="FIGURE 21" captionStartId="50.[136,229,1864,1886]" captionTargetBox="[151,1433,322,1838]" captionTargetId="figure-56@50.[150,1435,320,1839]" captionTargetPageId="50" captionText="FIGURE 21. Parmotrema intonsum. A: Distribution on Réunion (UTM 2×2 km grid system); B: Bioclimatic characteristics of collection sites (abbreviations and threshold values for thermotype and ombrotype horizons from Rivas-Martínez et al. 2011: 17–18); C: Part of thallus with granular or cylindrical ciliate isidia and a mature apothecium with ± branched and ciliate outgrowths on margin (holotype); D: Part of thallus with ciliate phyllidia/laciniae and apothecia of various ages (Masson 974.0359); E: Gross morphology of thallus (holotype). Scale bars:A = 10 km; C = 5 mm; D = 4 mm; E = 10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13217516" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13217516/files/figure.png" pageId="117" pageNumber="118">Fig. 21E</figureCitation>
], upper surface ± distinctly punctiform white-maculate, esorediate, medulla with protolichesterinic acid as major substance; rather common in Reunionese cloud forests)
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<keyStep id="30A72FFDFFED2F1FFF1AF8F3FA34F822" pageId="117" pageNumber="118">
<paragraph id="8BEC3758FFED2F1FFF1AF8F3FCFBF84E" blockId="117.[136,1452,1392,1990]" pageId="117" pageNumber="118">
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5. Medulla K+ yellow, C−, KC− (atranorin, fatty acids) .......................................................................................... 
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFED2F1FFB6BF8FCFA34F868" ID-CoL="4DPYM" box="[1273,1451,1911,1933]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Parmotrema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="117" pageNumber="118" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="praesorediosum">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFED2F1FFB6BF8FCFA34F868" box="[1273,1451,1911,1933]" italics="true" pageId="117" pageNumber="118">P. praesorediosum</emphasis>
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(chemotype with atranorin, in addition to fatty acids, in the medulla)
</keyLead>
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<paragraph id="8BEC3758FFED2F1FFF1AF835FA34F822" blockId="117.[136,1452,1392,1990]" box="[136,1451,1968,1990]" pageId="117" pageNumber="118">
<keyLead id="30A2946DFFED2F1FFF1AF835FA34F822" box="[136,1451,1968,1990]" pageId="117" pageNumber="118">- Other medullary reactions ................................................................................................................................................................ 6</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="30A72FFDFFEE2F1CFF1AFF1BFA34FEEF" pageId="118" pageNumber="119">
<paragraph id="8BEC3758FFEE2F1CFF1AFF1BFBF0FF0B" blockId="118.[136,1452,159,2053]" pageId="118" pageNumber="119">
<keyLead id="30A2946DFFEE2F1CFF1AFF1BFBF0FF0B" pageId="118" pageNumber="119">
6. Medulla K+ slowly pinkish brick red, C−, KC+ fleeting violet then brick red (lividic acid chemosyndrome) ......... 
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFEE2F1CFA89FF24FA35FF51" box="[1307,1450,160,181]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Parmotrema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="118" pageNumber="119" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="reunionicum">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFEE2F1CFA89FF24FA35FF51" box="[1307,1450,160,181]" italics="true" pageId="118" pageNumber="119">P. reunionicum</emphasis>
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(lobe margins with conspicuous cilia, upper surface emaculate or faintly punctiform white-maculate, soralia mainly marginal and forming ± rounded clusters with age [
<figureCitation id="13682BDDFFEE2F1CFDA9FF5DFD09FF0B" box="[571,662,217,239]" captionStart="FIGURE 36" captionStartId="94.[136,229,1747,1769]" captionTargetBox="[153,1432,194,1721]" captionTargetId="figure-20@94.[151,1432,193,1723]" captionTargetPageId="94" captionText="FIGURE 36. Parmotrema reunionicum. A: Distribution on Réunion (UTM 2×2 km grid system); B: Bioclimatic characteristics of collection site (abbreviations and threshold values for thermotype and ombrotype horizons from Rivas-Martínez et al. 2011: 17–18); C: Sorediate lobes with marginal soralia, at first ± linear interrupted or at the tip of very short laciniae, then coalescent and forming ± rounded clusters (holotype); D: Sorediate lobe with some subcapitate submarginal soralia (holotype); E: Gross morphology of thallus (holotype). Scale bars:A = 10 km; C = 3 mm; D = 2 mm; E = 10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13217546" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13217546/files/figure.png" pageId="118" pageNumber="119">Fig. 36C</figureCitation>
]; rare species, only known from a single locality)
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEC3758FFEE2F1CFF1AFF72FA34FEEF" blockId="118.[136,1452,159,2053]" box="[136,1451,245,267]" pageId="118" pageNumber="119">
<keyLead id="30A2946DFFEE2F1CFF1AFF72FA34FEEF" box="[136,1451,245,267]" pageId="118" pageNumber="119">- Medulla K−, C+ and/or KC+ pink, red, orange, or purple (lividic acid chemosyndrome absent) ................................................... 7</keyLead>
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BEC3758FFEE2F1CFF1AFEB4FA34FEA0" blockId="118.[136,1452,159,2053]" box="[136,1451,303,325]" pageId="118" pageNumber="119">
<keyLead id="30A2946DFFEE2F1CFF1AFEB4FA34FEA0" box="[136,1451,303,325]" pageId="118" pageNumber="119">7. Medulla C+ and KC+ pink, red or orange ........................................................................................................................................ 8</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEC3758FFEE2F1CFF1AFEC8FA34FE85" blockId="118.[136,1452,159,2053]" box="[136,1451,332,354]" pageId="118" pageNumber="119">
<keyLead id="30A2946DFFEE2F1CFF1AFEC8FA34FE85" box="[136,1451,332,354]" pageId="118" pageNumber="119">- Medulla C−, KC+ purple, pinkish or orange .................................................................................................................................. 12</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
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<paragraph id="8BEC3758FFEE2F1CFF1AFE02FA36FE31" blockId="118.[136,1452,159,2053]" pageId="118" pageNumber="119">
<keyLead id="30A2946DFFEE2F1CFF1AFE02FA36FE31" pageId="118" pageNumber="119">
8. Medulla C+ and KC+ orange .............................................................................................................................. 
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFEE2F1CFB67FE02FA34FE7F" box="[1269,1451,390,411]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Parmotrema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="118" pageNumber="119" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="aurantioreagens">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFEE2F1CFB67FE02FA34FE7F" box="[1269,1451,390,411]" italics="true" pageId="118" pageNumber="119">P. aurantioreagens</emphasis>
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(lobe margins ciliate, upper surface faintly to clearly effigurate white-maculate, soralia marginal at the tip of short laciniae [
<figureCitation id="13682BDDFFEE2F1CFA11FE26FF6BFE31" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="20.[136,229,1754,1776]" captionTargetBox="[153,1433,194,1728]" captionTargetId="figure-19@20.[150,1435,193,1730]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURE 7. Parmotrema aurantioreagens. A: Distribution on Réunion (UTM 2×2 km grid system); B: Bioclimatic characteristics of collection site (abbreviations and threshold values for thermotype and ombrotype horizons from Rivas-Martínez et al. 2011: 17–18); C: Upper surface of lobes with marginal cilia unevenly distributed (holotype); D: Sorediate lobe with marginal soralia at the tip of short laciniae, and margin of lower surface mottled with ivory white (holotype); E: Gross morphology of thallus (holotype). Scale bars: A = 10 km; C = 5 mm; D = 4 mm; E = 10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13217488" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13217488/files/figure.png" pageId="118" pageNumber="119">Fig. 7D</figureCitation>
], medulla with barbatic and 4- 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFEE2F1CFD8AFE3BFDB6FE30" box="[536,553,447,468]" italics="true" pageId="118" pageNumber="119">O</emphasis>
-demethylbarbatic acids as major substances; rare species, only known from a single locality)
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
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<keyLead id="30A2946DFFEE2F1CFF1AFE58FA34FE15" box="[136,1451,476,498]" pageId="118" pageNumber="119">- Medulla C+ and KC+ pink or red ..................................................................................................................................................... 9</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="30A72FFDFFEE2F1CFF1AFD92FA34FDA3" pageId="118" pageNumber="119">
<paragraph id="8BEC3758FFEE2F1CFF1AFD92FA34FDCF" blockId="118.[136,1452,159,2053]" box="[136,1451,533,555]" pageId="118" pageNumber="119">
<keyLead id="30A2946DFFEE2F1CFF1AFD92FA34FDCF" box="[136,1451,533,555]" pageId="118" pageNumber="119">9. Thallus sorediate ............................................................................................................................................................................. 10</keyLead>
</paragraph>
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<keyLead id="30A2946DFFEE2F1CFF1AFDB7FA34FDA3" box="[136,1451,562,584]" pageId="118" pageNumber="119">- Thallus isidiate ................................................................................................................................................................................ 11</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="30A72FFDFFEE2F1CFF1AFDE8FD98FCF6" pageId="118" pageNumber="119">
<paragraph id="8BEC3758FFEE2F1CFF1AFDE8FC2DFD5F" blockId="118.[136,1452,159,2053]" pageId="118" pageNumber="119">
<keyLead id="30A2946DFFEE2F1CFF1AFDE8FC2DFD5F" pageId="118" pageNumber="119">
10. Lobes with marginal cilia ................................................................................................................................................... 
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFEE2F1CFAD8FDE9FA35FD65" ID-CoL="4DPVZ" box="[1354,1450,620,642]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Parmotrema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="118" pageNumber="119" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="cooperi">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFEE2F1CFAD8FDE9FA35FD65" box="[1354,1450,620,642]" italics="true" pageId="118" pageNumber="119">P. cooperi</emphasis>
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(upper surface faintly effigurate white-maculate, soralia marginal at first, then submarginal on revolute lobe apices [
<figureCitation id="13682BDDFFEE2F1CFAD6FD0DFA3EFD7A" box="[1348,1441,649,671]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="32.[136,229,1385,1407]" captionTargetBox="[167,1434,538,1356]" captionTargetId="figure-193@32.[150,1435,536,1360]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="FIGURE 13. Parmotrema cooperi. A: Distribution on Réunion (UTM 2×2 km grid system); B: Bioclimatic characteristics of collection sites (abbreviations and threshold values for thermotype and ombrotype horizons from Rivas-Martínez et al. 2011: 17–18); C: Gross morphology of thallus (Masson 974.5071); D: Sorediate lobes with marginal and submarginal soralia at revolute apices (Masson 974.5071). Scale bars:A = 10 km; C = 10 mm; D = 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13217500" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13217500/files/figure.png" pageId="118" pageNumber="119">Fig. 13D</figureCitation>
], medulla with lecanoric acid; in leeward 
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFEE2F1CFDC6FD22FD08FD5F" ID-CoL="9CJHV" box="[596,663,678,699]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Acacia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="118" pageNumber="119" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFEE2F1CFDC6FD22FD08FD5F" box="[596,663,678,699]" italics="true" pageId="118" pageNumber="119">Acacia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
montane forests on 
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)
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEC3758FFEE2F1CFF1AFD47FD98FCF6" blockId="118.[136,1452,159,2053]" pageId="118" pageNumber="119">
<keyLead id="30A2946DFFEE2F1CFF1AFD47FD98FCF6" pageId="118" pageNumber="119">
- Lobes without cilia ................................................................................................................................................... 
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFEE2F1CFA82FD47FA34FD3C" ID-CoL="4DPVH" authorityName="Hale" authorityYear="1974" baseAuthorityName="Zahlbr." box="[1296,1451,707,728]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Parmotrema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="118" pageNumber="119" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="austrosinense">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFEE2F1CFA82FD47FA34FD3C" box="[1296,1451,707,728]" italics="true" pageId="118" pageNumber="119">P. austrosinense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(upper surface emaculate or faintly effigurate white-maculate, soralia linear and marginal [
<figureCitation id="13682BDDFFEE2F1CFBA8FD5BFB16FD10" box="[1082,1161,735,757]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="22.[136,229,1018,1040]" captionTargetBox="[160,1434,194,991]" captionTargetId="figure-19@22.[150,1435,193,994]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURE 8. Parmotrema austrosinense. A: Distribution on Réunion (UTM 2×2 km grid system); B: Bioclimatic characteristics of collection sites (abbreviations and threshold values for thermotype and ombrotype horizons from Rivas-Martínez et al. 2011: 17–18); C: Gross morphology of thallus (Krog RE33/6 &amp; Timdal); D: Sorediate lobes with marginal linear soralia, and lower surface with erhizinate whitish marginal zone (van den Boom 40807). Scale bars:A = 10 km; C = 10 mm; D = 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13217490" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13217490/files/figure.png" pageId="118" pageNumber="119">Fig. 8D</figureCitation>
], medulla with lecanoric acid; uncommon species on 
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)
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="30A72FFDFFEE2F1CFF1AFCB2FADAFBF1" pageId="118" pageNumber="119">
<paragraph id="8BEC3758FFEE2F1CFF1AFCB2FC3DFC46" blockId="118.[136,1452,159,2053]" pageId="118" pageNumber="119">
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11. Lower surface at main lobe tips with a brown erhizinate marginal zone 
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wide, lobes 
<quantity id="4CAB9ABDFFEE2F1CFBDDFCB2FB01FCAF" box="[1103,1182,822,843]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" metricValueMax="9.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="118" pageNumber="119" unit="mm" value="5.5" valueMax="9.0" valueMin="2.0">2–9 mm</quantity>
wide, medulla with evernic acid .......................................................................................................................................................................... 
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFEE2F1CFA9FFCD7FA34FC8C" box="[1293,1451,851,872]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Parmotrema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="118" pageNumber="119" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="meiospermum">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFEE2F1CFA9FFCD7FA34FC8C" box="[1293,1451,851,872]" italics="true" pageId="118" pageNumber="119">P. meiospermum</emphasis>
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(lobe margins eciliate, upper surface faintly to clearly punctiform white-maculate, isidia marginal and laminal, eciliate and coralloid-branched, medulla with evernic and lecanoric acids; rare species)
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
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- Lower surface at main lobe tips with a brown erhizinate marginal zone 
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wide, lobes 
<quantity id="4CAB9ABDFFEE2F1CFBFFFC2CFB56FC5A" box="[1133,1225,936,958]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="0.5" pageId="118" pageNumber="119" unit="mm" value="12.5" valueMax="20.0" valueMin="5.0">5–20 mm</quantity>
wide, medulla without evernic acid ..................................................................................................................................................................... 
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFEE2F1CFAA4FC42FA35FC3F" ID-CoL="4DQ26" authorityName="Hale" authorityYear="1974" baseAuthorityName="Despr. ex Nyl." box="[1334,1450,966,987]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Parmotrema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="118" pageNumber="119" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="tinctorum">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFEE2F1CFAA4FC42FA35FC3F" box="[1334,1450,966,987]" italics="true" pageId="118" pageNumber="119">P. tinctorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(lobe margins eciliate, upper surface emaculate to faintly white-maculate, isidia marginal and laminal, eciliate, simple to coralloid-branched, medulla with lecanoric acid; common species on 
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, from sea level to the upper limit of cloud forests)
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="30A72FFDFFEE2F1CFF1AFBBDFA34FB8F" pageId="118" pageNumber="119">
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<keyLead id="30A2946DFFEE2F1CFF1AFBBDFA34FBAA" box="[136,1451,1081,1103]" pageId="118" pageNumber="119">12. Thallus without vegetative propagules ........................................................................................................................................... 13</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEC3758FFEE2F1CFF1AFBD2FA34FB8F" blockId="118.[136,1452,159,2053]" box="[136,1451,1109,1131]" pageId="118" pageNumber="119">
<keyLead id="30A2946DFFEE2F1CFF1AFBD2FA34FB8F" box="[136,1451,1109,1131]" pageId="118" pageNumber="119">- Thallus with isidia or soralia .......................................................................................................................................................... 14</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="30A72FFDFFEE2F1CFF1AFB0BFBD1FAB6" pageId="118" pageNumber="119">
<paragraph id="8BEC3758FFEE2F1CFF1AFB0BFC15FB3A" blockId="118.[136,1452,159,2053]" pageId="118" pageNumber="119">
<keyLead id="30A2946DFFEE2F1CFF1AFB0BFC15FB3A" pageId="118" pageNumber="119">
13. Pycnidia conspicuous, marginal, verruciform (
<figureCitation id="13682BDDFFEE2F1CFD02FB0BFD76FB40" box="[656,745,1167,1189]" captionStart="FIGURE 43" captionStartId="117.[136,229,725,747]" captionTargetBox="[150,1434,194,700]" captionTargetId="figure-17@117.[150,1435,193,701]" captionTargetPageId="117" captionText="FIGURE 43. Parmotrema thomsonii (holotype of Parmelia pachysperma). A: Part of thallus with a mature apothecium; B: Lobes with white-maculate upper surface, and conspicuous verruciform marginal pycnidia with whitish ostiolar region. Scale bars: A = 5 mm; B = 2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13217560" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13217560/files/figure.png" pageId="118" pageNumber="119">Fig. 43B</figureCitation>
); thalline exciple smooth to rugose .................................... [
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFEE2F1CFABEFB14FA3CFB40" ID-CoL="4DQ25" authorityName="A. Crespo, Divakar &amp; Elix (2010 a:" authorityYear="1746" baseAuthorityName="Stirt." box="[1324,1443,1167,1189]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Parmotrema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="118" pageNumber="119" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="thomsonii">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFEE2F1CFABEFB14FA3CFB40" box="[1324,1443,1167,1189]" italics="true" pageId="118" pageNumber="119">P. thomsonii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
] (lobe margins ciliate, upper surface distinctly white-maculate, apothecial disc perforate, medulla with alectoronic and α-collatolic acids; very rare species not recovered on 
<collectingCountry id="F34477C8FFEE2F1CFDCDFB4DFD2FFB3B" box="[607,688,1225,1247]" name="Réunion" pageId="118" pageNumber="119">Réunion</collectingCountry>
since the 19 
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century)
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEC3758FFEE2F1CFF1AFB62FBD1FAB6" blockId="118.[136,1452,159,2053]" pageId="118" pageNumber="119">
<keyLead id="30A2946DFFEE2F1CFF1AFB62FBD1FAB6" pageId="118" pageNumber="119">
- Pycnidia inconspicuous, immersed; thalline exciple with abundant and well-developed isidioid protuberances (
<figureCitation id="13682BDDFFEE2F1CFB68FB61FACFFB1F" box="[1274,1360,1253,1275]" captionStart="FIGURE 26" captionStartId="64.[136,229,1487,1509]" captionTargetBox="[151,1433,194,1461]" captionTargetId="figure-19@64.[150,1435,193,1463]" captionTargetPageId="64" captionText="FIGURE 26. Parmotrema mirum. A: Distribution on Réunion (UTM 2×2 km grid system); B: Bioclimatic characteristics of collection sites (abbreviations and threshold values for thermotype and ombrotype horizons from Rivas-Martínez et al. 2011: 17–18); C: Two mature apothecia with well-developed and ciliate isidioid protuberances on the surface of the thalline exciple (Masson 974.4275); D: Isidia cylindrical to navicular, terete to ± flattened, mostly simple (Masson 974.4274); E: Gross morphology of thallus (holotype). Scale bars:A = 10 km; C, D = 3 mm; E = 10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13217526" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13217526/files/figure.png" pageId="118" pageNumber="119">Fig. 26C</figureCitation>
) ............ .............................................................................................................................................................................................. 
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFEE2F1CFAC6FA87FA34FAFC" box="[1364,1451,1283,1304]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Parmotrema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="118" pageNumber="119" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="mirum">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFEE2F1CFAC6FA87FA34FAFC" box="[1364,1451,1283,1304]" italics="true" pageId="118" pageNumber="119">P. mirum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(lobe margins ciliate but cilia sometimes rare, upper surface emaculate, apothecial disc perforate or imperforate, medulla with alectoronic acid (constant) with or without α-collatolic acid; uncommon species on 
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)
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="30A72FFDFFEE2F1CFF1AFAF2FA34FA06" pageId="118" pageNumber="119">
<paragraph id="8BEC3758FFEE2F1CFF1AFAF2FAB5FA21" blockId="118.[136,1452,159,2053]" pageId="118" pageNumber="119">
<keyLead id="30A2946DFFEE2F1CFF1AFAF2FAB5FA21" pageId="118" pageNumber="119">
14. Thallus sorediate, without isidia ...................................................................................................................... 
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFEE2F1CFB4FFAF2FA34FA6E" ID-CoL="4DPXW" box="[1245,1451,1397,1419]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Parmotrema" isUncertain="true" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="118" pageNumber="119" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="negrosorientale">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFEE2F1CFB4FFAF2FB6FFA6F" box="[1245,1264,1398,1419]" italics="true" pageId="118" pageNumber="119">P.</emphasis>
cf. 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFEE2F1CFA86FAF1FA34FA6E" box="[1300,1451,1397,1418]" italics="true" pageId="118" pageNumber="119">negrosorientale</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(lobe margins ciliate, upper surface faintly to clearly white-maculate, soralia generally terminal at the tip of laciniae [
<figureCitation id="13682BDDFFEE2F1CFAD7FA16FA3EFA43" box="[1349,1441,1426,1448]" captionStart="FIGURE 27" captionStartId="66.[136,229,1528,1550]" captionTargetBox="[163,1434,682,1501]" captionTargetId="figure-257@66.[150,1435,680,1504]" captionTargetPageId="66" captionText="FIGURE 27. Parmotrema cf. negrosorientale. A: Distribution on Réunion (UTM 2×2 km grid system); B: Bioclimatic characteristics of collection sites (abbreviations and threshold values for thermotype and ombrotype horizons from Rivas-Martínez et al. 2011: 17–18); C: Gross morphology of thallus (Masson 974.5061); D: Sorediate lobes with soralia terminal at the apex of laciniae, lower surface of sorediate laciniae ivory-white and erhizinate (Masson 974.5059). Scale bars:A = 10 km; C = 8 mm; D = 3 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13217528" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13217528/files/figure.png" pageId="118" pageNumber="119">Fig. 27D</figureCitation>
], never laminal, medulla with alectoronic and α-collatolic acids as major substances; uncommon species on 
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)
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEC3758FFEE2F1CFF1AFA48FA34FA06" blockId="118.[136,1452,159,2053]" box="[136,1451,1484,1506]" pageId="118" pageNumber="119">
<keyLead id="30A2946DFFEE2F1CFF1AFA48FA34FA06" box="[136,1451,1484,1506]" pageId="118" pageNumber="119">- Thallus isidiate, with or without soredia ........................................................................................................................................ 15</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
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<paragraph id="8BEC3758FFEE2F1CFF1AF981FB78F9B1" blockId="118.[136,1452,159,2053]" pageId="118" pageNumber="119">
<keyLead id="30A2946DFFEE2F1CFF1AF981FB78F9B1" pageId="118" pageNumber="119">
15. Medulla with norlobaridone .............................................................................................................................................. 
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFEE2F1CFAD4F982FA35F9FF" box="[1350,1450,1542,1563]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Parmotrema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="118" pageNumber="119" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="mezierii">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFEE2F1CFAD4F982FA35F9FF" box="[1350,1450,1542,1563]" italics="true" pageId="118" pageNumber="119">P. mezierii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(lobe margins ciliate, upper surface ± distinctly punctiform white-maculate, isidia coralloid, often ciliate [
<figureCitation id="13682BDDFFEE2F1CFB67F9A6FA3EF9DC" box="[1269,1441,1570,1592]" captionStart="FIGURE 25" captionStartId="61.[136,229,1744,1766]" captionTargetBox="[151,1433,194,1718]" captionTargetId="figure-18@61.[150,1435,193,1720]" captionTargetPageId="61" captionText="FIGURE 25. Parmotrema mezierii. A: Distribution on Réunion (UTM 2×2 km grid system); B: Bioclimatic characteristics of collection sites (abbreviations and threshold values for thermotype and ombrotype horizons from Rivas-Martínez et al. 2011: 17–18); C &amp; D: Isidiate lobes with isidia rapidly coralloid, and ± apically and/or laterally ciliate (C: Masson 974.3960, D: holotype); E: Gross morphology of thallus (holotype). Scale bars:A = 10 km; C, D = 4 mm; E = 10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13217524" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13217524/files/figure.png" pageId="118" pageNumber="119">Fig. 25C &amp; 25D</figureCitation>
], medulla with norlobaridone and protolichesterinic acid as major substances; uncommon species on 
<collectingCountry id="F34477C8FFEE2F1CFB1DF9BBFB7DF9B1" box="[1167,1250,1599,1621]" name="Réunion" pageId="118" pageNumber="119">Réunion</collectingCountry>
)
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEC3758FFEE2F1CFF1AF9D8FA34F996" blockId="118.[136,1452,159,2053]" box="[136,1451,1628,1650]" pageId="118" pageNumber="119">
<keyLead id="30A2946DFFEE2F1CFF1AF9D8FA34F996" box="[136,1451,1628,1650]" pageId="118" pageNumber="119">- Medulla without norlobaridone ...................................................................................................................................................... 16</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="30A72FFDFFEE2F1CFF1AF911FA34F900" pageId="118" pageNumber="119">
<paragraph id="8BEC3758FFEE2F1CFF1AF911FDE4F92C" blockId="118.[136,1452,159,2053]" pageId="118" pageNumber="119">
<keyLead id="30A2946DFFEE2F1CFF1AF911FDE4F92C" pageId="118" pageNumber="119">
16. Apothecia present, usually numerous; thalline exciple with abundant and well-developed isidioid protuberances .......... 
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFEE2F1CFAC6F912FA34F94F" box="[1364,1451,1686,1707]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Parmotrema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="118" pageNumber="119" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="mirum">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFEE2F1CFAC6F912FA34F94F" box="[1364,1451,1686,1707]" italics="true" pageId="118" pageNumber="119">P. mirum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(morphotype with laminal isidia [
<figureCitation id="13682BDDFFEE2F1CFD81F936FDF2F92C" box="[531,621,1714,1736]" captionStart="FIGURE 26" captionStartId="64.[136,229,1487,1509]" captionTargetBox="[151,1433,194,1461]" captionTargetId="figure-19@64.[150,1435,193,1463]" captionTargetPageId="64" captionText="FIGURE 26. Parmotrema mirum. A: Distribution on Réunion (UTM 2×2 km grid system); B: Bioclimatic characteristics of collection sites (abbreviations and threshold values for thermotype and ombrotype horizons from Rivas-Martínez et al. 2011: 17–18); C: Two mature apothecia with well-developed and ciliate isidioid protuberances on the surface of the thalline exciple (Masson 974.4275); D: Isidia cylindrical to navicular, terete to ± flattened, mostly simple (Masson 974.4274); E: Gross morphology of thallus (holotype). Scale bars:A = 10 km; C, D = 3 mm; E = 10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13217526" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13217526/files/figure.png" pageId="118" pageNumber="119">Fig. 26D</figureCitation>
])
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEC3758FFEE2F1CFF1AF954FA34F900" blockId="118.[136,1452,159,2053]" box="[136,1451,1743,1765]" pageId="118" pageNumber="119">
<keyLead id="30A2946DFFEE2F1CFF1AF954FA34F900" box="[136,1451,1743,1765]" pageId="118" pageNumber="119">- Apothecia absent ............................................................................................................................................................................ 17</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="30A72FFDFFEE2F1CFF1AF88DFAFDF84B" pageId="118" pageNumber="119">
<paragraph id="8BEC3758FFEE2F1CFF1AF88DFB08F8BC" blockId="118.[136,1452,159,2053]" pageId="118" pageNumber="119">
<keyLead id="30A2946DFFEE2F1CFF1AF88DFB08F8BC" pageId="118" pageNumber="119">
17. Isidia only present, upper cortex not fragile, medulla without α-collatolic acid ........................................................... 
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFEE2F1CFAA3F88DFA34F8FA" box="[1329,1451,1801,1822]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Parmotrema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="118" pageNumber="119" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="crossotum">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFEE2F1CFAA3F88DFA34F8FA" box="[1329,1451,1801,1822]" italics="true" pageId="118" pageNumber="119">P. crossotum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(lobe margins conspicuously ciliate, upper surface emaculate or faintly white-maculate, isidia mainly marginal, often ciliate [
<figureCitation id="13682BDDFFEE2F1CFA11F8A1FED9F8B3" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="42.[136,229,1952,1974]" captionTargetBox="[153,1433,394,1926]" captionTargetId="figure-123@42.[150,1435,392,1927]" captionTargetPageId="42" captionText="FIGURE 17. Parmotrema crossotum. A: Distribution on Réunion (UTM 2×2 km grid system); B: Bioclimatic characteristics of collection sites (abbreviations and threshold values for thermotype and ombrotype horizons from Rivas-Martínez et al. 2011: 17–18); C &amp; D: Isidiate lobes with irregularly cylindrical or ± flattened, simple to ± branched, highly ciliate isidia (C: holotype, D: Masson 974.4130); E: Gross morphology of thallus (holotype). Scale bars: A = 10 km; C, D = 4 mm; E = 10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13217508" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13217508/files/figure.png" pageId="118" pageNumber="119">Fig. 17C &amp; 17D</figureCitation>
], medulla with alectoronic acid; uncommon species on 
<collectingCountry id="F34477C8FFEE2F1CFCC9F8C6FC30F8BC" box="[859,943,1858,1880]" name="Réunion" pageId="118" pageNumber="119">Réunion</collectingCountry>
, in montane rainforests)
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEC3758FFEE2F1CFF1AF8E4FAFDF84B" blockId="118.[136,1452,159,2053]" pageId="118" pageNumber="119">
<keyLead id="30A2946DFFEE2F1CFF1AF8E4FAFDF84B" pageId="118" pageNumber="119">
- Isidia and soredia present, upper cortex fragile, medulla with α-collatolic acid .............................................................. 
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFEE2F1CFAD1F8E4FA34F890" ID-CoL="4DPXS" box="[1347,1451,1887,1909]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Parmotrema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="118" pageNumber="119" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="mellissii">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFEE2F1CFAD1F8E4FA34F890" box="[1347,1451,1887,1909]" italics="true" pageId="118" pageNumber="119">P. mellissii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(lobe margins conspicuously ciliate, upper surface emaculate or faintly white-maculate, isidia mainly marginal, often ciliate, soon becoming sorediate [
<figureCitation id="13682BDDFFEE2F1CFE08F81DFE69F84A" box="[410,502,1945,1967]" captionStart="FIGURE 24" captionStartId="59.[136,229,1202,1224]" captionTargetBox="[161,1432,357,1175]" captionTargetId="figure-91@59.[151,1434,356,1178]" captionTargetPageId="59" captionText="FIGURE 24. Parmotrema mellissii. A: Distribution on Réunion (UTM 2×2 km grid system); B: Bioclimatic characteristics of collection sites (abbreviations and threshold values for thermotype and ombrotype horizons from Rivas-Martínez et al. 2011: 17–18); C: Gross morphology of thallus (Masson 974.4480); D: Lobes with isidia often ciliate, developing into ± coralloid-branched isidioid outgrowths becoming ± sorediate (Masson 974.5070). Scale bars:A = 10 km; C = 10 mm; D = 4 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13217522" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13217522/files/figure.png" pageId="118" pageNumber="119">Fig. 24D</figureCitation>
], medulla with alectoronic and α-collatolic acids; rare species on 
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, in cloud forests)
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<paragraph id="8BEC3758FFEE2F1CFF1AF856FA34F803" blockId="118.[136,1452,159,2053]" box="[136,1451,2002,2024]" pageId="118" pageNumber="119">
<keyLead id="30A2946DFFEE2F1CFF1AF856FA34F803" box="[136,1451,2002,2024]" pageId="118" pageNumber="119">
<keyStep id="30A72FFDFFEE2F1CFF1AF856FA34F803" box="[136,1451,2002,2024]" pageId="118" pageNumber="119">18. Thallus without vegetative propagules ........................................................................................................................................... 19</keyStep>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<keyLead id="30A2946DFFEE2F1DFF1AF874FDB0FEEF" lastPageId="119" lastPageNumber="120" pageId="118" pageNumber="119">
<paragraph id="8BEC3758FFEE2F1CFF1AF874FA34F7E0" blockId="118.[136,1452,159,2053]" box="[136,1451,2031,2053]" pageId="118" pageNumber="119">- Thallus with vegetative propagules ................................................................................................................................................ 21</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEC3758FFEF2F1DFF1AFF1BFDB0FEEF" blockId="119.[136,1452,159,1967]" pageId="119" pageNumber="120">
<keyStep id="30A72FFDFFEF2F1DFF1AFF1BFDB0FEEF" pageId="119" pageNumber="120">
19. Medulla K+ yellow then dark red, lower surface often with rhizines to the margins, mean ascospore length &lt;16 µm .................... ........................................................................................................................................................................................... 
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFEF2F1DFAACFF39FA35FF36" ID-CoL="4DPVQ" box="[1342,1450,189,210]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Parmotrema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="119" pageNumber="120" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="cetratum">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFEF2F1DFAACFF39FA35FF36" box="[1342,1450,189,210]" italics="true" pageId="119" pageNumber="120">P. cetratum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(lobe margins ciliate, upper surface reticulate white-maculate, apothecial disc perforate, medulla with salazinic and consalazinic acids; very rare species on 
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)
</keyStep>
</paragraph>
</keyLead>
<paragraph id="8BEC3758FFEF2F1DFF1AFE97FA34FEC3" blockId="119.[136,1452,159,1967]" box="[136,1451,274,296]" pageId="119" pageNumber="120">
<keyLead id="30A2946DFFEF2F1DFF1AFE97FA34FEC3" box="[136,1451,274,296]" pageId="119" pageNumber="120">- Medulla K−, lower surface with a broad erhizinate marginal zone, mean ascospore length&gt; 16 µm .......................................... 20</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<keyStep id="30A72FFDFFEF2F1DFF1AFEC8FC79FDCF" pageId="119" pageNumber="120">
<paragraph id="8BEC3758FFEF2F1DFF1AFEC8FACAFE31" blockId="119.[136,1452,159,1967]" pageId="119" pageNumber="120">
<keyLead id="30A2946DFFEF2F1DFF1AFEC8FACAFE31" pageId="119" pageNumber="120">
20. Lobes ciliate, medulla UV+ blue-white, KC+ fleeting purple pink, then pink-orange, mean ascospore length&gt; 22 µm .................. .......................................................................................................................................................................................... 
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFEF2F1DFAABFEEDFA34FE9A" box="[1337,1451,361,382]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Parmotrema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="119" pageNumber="120" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="nemorum">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFEF2F1DFAABFEEDFA34FE9A" box="[1337,1451,361,382]" italics="true" pageId="119" pageNumber="120">P. nemorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(upper surface emaculate, rarely faintly white-maculate, medulla white, sometimes tinged with a reddish purple pigment, apothecial disc imperforate, amphithecium and stipe with ± prominent veins and coarse isidioid protuberances [
<figureCitation id="13682BDDFFEF2F1DFB29FE26FA88FE53" box="[1211,1303,418,440]" captionStart="FIGURE 28" captionStartId="69.[136,229,1833,1855]" captionTargetBox="[151,1433,321,1808]" captionTargetId="figure-61@69.[150,1435,320,1809]" captionTargetPageId="69" captionText="FIGURE 28. Parmotrema nemorum. A: Distribution on Réunion (UTM 2×2 km grid system); B: Bioclimatic characteristics of collection sites (abbreviations and threshold values for thermotype and ombrotype horizons from Rivas-Martínez et al. 2011: 17–18); C: Amphithecium of a mature apothecium developing prominent and anastomosing veins with coarse and ciliate isidioid structures (holotype); D: Submarginal isidia, ± cylindrical or flattened, rather stout, simple, often with pycnidia, some apically ciliate (holotype); E: Gross morphology of thallus (Masson 974.4635). Scale bars:A = 10 km; C = 4 mm; D = 1 mm; E = 20 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13217530" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13217530/files/figure.png" pageId="119" pageNumber="120">Fig. 28C</figureCitation>
], medulla with alectoronic, protocetraric and protolichesterinic acids as major substances; uncommon in secondary lowland rainforests)
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEC3758FFEF2F1DFF1AFE58FC79FDCF" blockId="119.[136,1452,159,1967]" pageId="119" pageNumber="120">
<keyLead id="30A2946DFFEF2F1DFF1AFE58FC79FDCF" pageId="119" pageNumber="120">
- Lobes eciliate, medulla UV−, KC+ pink, mean ascospore length &lt;20 µm .................................................................. 
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFEF2F1DFABEFE59FA34FE15" box="[1324,1451,476,498]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Parmotrema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="119" pageNumber="120" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="odontatum">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFEF2F1DFABEFE59FA34FE15" box="[1324,1451,476,498]" italics="true" pageId="119" pageNumber="120">P. odontatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(upper surface faintly to clearly effigurate white-maculate, medulla white throughout, apothecial disc imperforate, amphithecium smooth [
<figureCitation id="13682BDDFFEF2F1DFEB7FD91FE1EFDCF" box="[293,385,533,555]" captionStart="FIGURE 31" captionStartId="80.[136,229,1168,1190]" captionTargetBox="[165,1434,321,1140]" captionTargetId="figure-81@80.[150,1435,320,1144]" captionTargetPageId="80" captionText="FIGURE 31. Parmotrema odontatum. A: Distribution on Réunion (UTM 2×2 km grid system); B: Bioclimatic characteristics of collection sites (abbreviations and threshold values for thermotype and ombrotype horizons from Rivas-Martínez et al. 2011: 17–18); C: Gross morphology of thallus (Masson 974.4655); D: Apothecia of various ages, with smooth amphithecium, on lobes with eciliate margins (Masson 974.4655). Scale bars: A = 10 km; C = 20 mm; D = 8 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13217536" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13217536/files/figure.png" pageId="119" pageNumber="120">Fig. 31D</figureCitation>
], medulla with protocetraric acid; uncommon at low elevations)
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="30A72FFDFFEF2F1DFF1AFDCBFA34FD65" pageId="119" pageNumber="120">
<paragraph id="8BEC3758FFEF2F1DFF1AFDCBFA34FD80" blockId="119.[136,1452,159,1967]" box="[136,1451,591,613]" pageId="119" pageNumber="120">
<keyLead id="30A2946DFFEF2F1DFF1AFDCBFA34FD80" box="[136,1451,591,613]" pageId="119" pageNumber="120">21. Thallus with isidia, without soredia ................................................................................................................................................ 22</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEC3758FFEF2F1DFF1AFDE8FA34FD65" blockId="119.[136,1452,159,1967]" box="[136,1451,620,642]" pageId="119" pageNumber="120">
<keyLead id="30A2946DFFEF2F1DFF1AFDE8FA34FD65" box="[136,1451,620,642]" pageId="119" pageNumber="120">- Thallus with soralia, with or without isidia .................................................................................................................................... 29</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="30A72FFDFFEF2F1DFF1AFD22FA34FD3C" pageId="119" pageNumber="120">
<paragraph id="8BEC3758FFEF2F1DFF1AFD22FA34FD5F" blockId="119.[136,1452,159,1967]" box="[136,1451,677,699]" pageId="119" pageNumber="120">
<keyLead id="30A2946DFFEF2F1DFF1AFD22FA34FD5F" box="[136,1451,677,699]" pageId="119" pageNumber="120">22. Medulla K+ yellow persistent, KC− (with stictic acid) .................................................................................................................. 23</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEC3758FFEF2F1DFF1AFD47FA34FD3C" blockId="119.[136,1452,159,1967]" box="[136,1451,706,728]" pageId="119" pageNumber="120">
<keyLead id="30A2946DFFEF2F1DFF1AFD47FA34FD3C" box="[136,1451,706,728]" pageId="119" pageNumber="120">- Other medullary reactions (stictic acid absent) .............................................................................................................................. 25</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="30A72FFDFFEF2F1DFF1AFD78FA34FC60" pageId="119" pageNumber="120">
<paragraph id="8BEC3758FFEF2F1DFF1AFD78FE25FC8C" blockId="119.[136,1452,159,1967]" pageId="119" pageNumber="120">
<keyLead id="30A2946DFFEF2F1DFF1AFD78FE25FC8C" pageId="119" pageNumber="120">
23. With conspicuous laciniae (up to 
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long), branched and easily shed ............................................................... 
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFEF2F1DFA84FD79FA35FCF5" box="[1302,1450,764,786]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Parmotrema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="119" pageNumber="120" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="nephophilum">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFEF2F1DFA84FD79FA35FCF5" box="[1302,1450,764,786]" italics="true" pageId="119" pageNumber="120">P. nephophilum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(lobe margins ciliate but cilia sometimes rare, upper surface faintly to clearly white-maculate, marginal and submarginal isidia that mostly develop early into phyllidia and branched laciniae [
<figureCitation id="13682BDDFFEF2F1DFCD0FCB1FC02FCAF" box="[834,925,821,843]" captionStart="FIGURE 29" captionStartId="73.[136,229,1819,1841]" captionTargetBox="[165,1433,466,1790]" captionTargetId="figure-131@73.[150,1435,464,1794]" captionTargetPageId="73" captionText="FIGURE 29. Parmotrema nephophilum. A: Distribution of the isidiate/phyllidiate/laciniate form on Réunion (UTM 2×2 km grid system); B:Distribution of the sorediateform on Réunion (UTM 2×2 kmgrid system);C: Bioclimaticcharacteristics of collection sites(abbreviations and threshold values for thermotype and ombrotype horizons from Rivas-Martínez et al. 2011: 17–18), light dotted: only sorediate form, medium dotted: only isidiate/phyllidiate/laciniate form, heavy dotted: both forms; D: Gross morphology of thallus (holotype); E: Heavily phyllidiate/laciniate lobe (holotype); F: Sorediate lobe with marginal and submarginal soralia and granulose soredia (Masson 974.4716). Scale bars:A, B = 10 km; D = 10 mm; E = 4 mm; F = 2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13217532" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13217532/files/figure.png" pageId="119" pageNumber="120">Fig. 29E</figureCitation>
]; fairly common species on 
<collectingCountry id="F34477C8FFEF2F1DFB26FCB1FA97FCAF" box="[1204,1288,821,843]" name="Réunion" pageId="119" pageNumber="120">Réunion</collectingCountry>
, in montane and submontane rainforests)
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEC3758FFEF2F1DFF1AFCF4FA34FC60" blockId="119.[136,1452,159,1967]" box="[136,1451,879,901]" pageId="119" pageNumber="120">
<keyLead id="30A2946DFFEF2F1DFF1AFCF4FA34FC60" box="[136,1451,879,901]" pageId="119" pageNumber="120">
- Without or with occasional short (up to 
<quantity id="4CAB9ABDFFEF2F1DFDC3FCEBFD05FC61" box="[593,666,879,901]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="119" pageNumber="120" unit="mm" value="1.5">1.5 mm</quantity>
long) laciniae ..................................................................................................... 24
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="30A72FFDFFEF2F1DFF1AFC2DFD5AFBAB" pageId="119" pageNumber="120">
<paragraph id="8BEC3758FFEF2F1DFF1AFC2DFB9DFC1C" blockId="119.[136,1452,159,1967]" pageId="119" pageNumber="120">
<keyLead id="30A2946DFFEF2F1DFF1AFC2DFB9DFC1C" pageId="119" pageNumber="120">
24. Average thickness of the cupular proper exciple &lt;50 µm (
<figureCitation id="13682BDDFFEF2F1DFC90FC2DFCC7FC5A" box="[770,856,937,959]" captionStart="FIGURE 30" captionStartId="77.[136,229,1744,1766]" captionTargetBox="[151,1433,194,1718]" captionTargetId="figure-18@77.[150,1435,193,1720]" captionTargetPageId="77" captionText="FIGURE 30. Parmotrema occultum. A: Distribution on Réunion (UTM 2×2 km grid system); B: Bioclimatic characteristics of collection sites (abbreviations and threshold values for thermotype and ombrotype horizons from Rivas-Martínez et al. 2011: 17–18); C: Transverse sections of mature apothecia of P. crinitum (left, Masson 974.5107) and P. occultum (right, holotype), stained in lactic cotton blue, showing the cupulate proper exciple clearly thicker in P. occultum; D: Isidiate lobe with ciliate, simple to coralloid-branched isidia (Masson 974.4269); E: Gross morphology of thallus (holotype). Scale bars: A = 10 km; C = 100 µm; D = 3 mm; E = 10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13217534" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13217534/files/figure.png" pageId="119" pageNumber="120">Fig. 30C</figureCitation>
) ............................................................................. 
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFEF2F1DFAD0FC2DFA35FC5A" ID-CoL="4DPW4" box="[1346,1450,937,958]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Parmotrema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="119" pageNumber="120" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="crinitum">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFEF2F1DFAD0FC2DFA35FC5A" box="[1346,1450,937,958]" italics="true" pageId="119" pageNumber="120">P. crinitum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(lobe margins ciliate, upper surface faintly to clearly white-maculate, isidia marginal and laminal, granular to coralloid, often ciliate [
<figureCitation id="13682BDDFFEF2F1DFE8BFC66FEEDFC13" box="[281,370,994,1016]" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="34.[136,229,1703,1725]" captionTargetBox="[162,1433,358,1675]" captionTargetId="figure-101@34.[150,1435,356,1679]" captionTargetPageId="34" captionText="FIGURE 14. Parmotrema crinitum. A: P. crinitum s. str.: distribution on Réunion (UTM 2×2 km grid system), lemon-yellow cells = specimens with molecular data, pale yellow cells with a cross = specimens without molecular data but with mature apothecia; B: P. cf. crinitum: distribution on Réunion (UTM 2×2 km grid system), specimens without apothecia and molecular data; C: Bioclimatic characteristics of collection sites (abbreviations and threshold values for thermotype and ombrotype horizons from Rivas-Martínez et al. 2011: 17–18), hatched: P. crinitum s. str., dotted: only P. cf. crinitum; D: Gross morphology of thallus (Masson 974.3889); E: Isidiate lobes with coralloid and ciliate isidia (Masson 974.3889); F: Apothecia with ciliate isidia on margin and amphithecium (Masson 974.4477). Scale bars:A, B = 10 km; D = 10 mm; E = 4 mm; F = 4 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13217502" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13217502/files/figure.png" pageId="119" pageNumber="120">Fig. 14E</figureCitation>
]; common species on 
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, from submontane to subalpine belts)
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEC3758FFEF2F1DFF1AFB84FD5AFBAB" blockId="119.[136,1452,159,1967]" pageId="119" pageNumber="120">
<keyLead id="30A2946DFFEF2F1DFF1AFB84FD5AFBAB" pageId="119" pageNumber="120">
- Average thickness of the cupular proper exciple&gt; 55 µm .............................................................................................. 
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFEF2F1DFAA9FB84FA34FBF0" box="[1339,1451,1023,1045]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Parmotrema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="119" pageNumber="120" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="occultum">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFEF2F1DFAA9FB84FA34FBF0" box="[1339,1451,1023,1045]" italics="true" pageId="119" pageNumber="120">P. occultum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(phenotypically similar to 
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFEF2F1DFE47FB99FDA0FBD5" ID-CoL="4DPW4" box="[469,575,1052,1074]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Parmotrema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="119" pageNumber="120" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="crinitum">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFEF2F1DFE47FB99FDA0FBD5" box="[469,575,1052,1074]" italics="true" pageId="119" pageNumber="120">P. crinitum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but differs by the greater thickness of the cupular proper exciple [
<figureCitation id="13682BDDFFEF2F1DFB43FB98FAB4FBD5" box="[1233,1323,1052,1074]" captionStart="FIGURE 30" captionStartId="77.[136,229,1744,1766]" captionTargetBox="[151,1433,194,1718]" captionTargetId="figure-18@77.[150,1435,193,1720]" captionTargetPageId="77" captionText="FIGURE 30. Parmotrema occultum. A: Distribution on Réunion (UTM 2×2 km grid system); B: Bioclimatic characteristics of collection sites (abbreviations and threshold values for thermotype and ombrotype horizons from Rivas-Martínez et al. 2011: 17–18); C: Transverse sections of mature apothecia of P. crinitum (left, Masson 974.5107) and P. occultum (right, holotype), stained in lactic cotton blue, showing the cupulate proper exciple clearly thicker in P. occultum; D: Isidiate lobe with ciliate, simple to coralloid-branched isidia (Masson 974.4269); E: Gross morphology of thallus (holotype). Scale bars: A = 10 km; C = 100 µm; D = 3 mm; E = 10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13217534" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13217534/files/figure.png" pageId="119" pageNumber="120">Fig. 30C</figureCitation>
] and the ITS sequence; rare species on 
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, in cloud forests)
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="30A72FFDFFEF2F1DFF1AFBF6FA34FB3B" pageId="119" pageNumber="120">
<paragraph id="8BEC3758FFEF2F1DFF1AFBF6FB6BFB26" blockId="119.[136,1452,159,1967]" pageId="119" pageNumber="120">
<keyLead id="30A2946DFFEF2F1DFF1AFBF6FB6BFB26" pageId="119" pageNumber="120">
25. Medulla K+ yellow then red (with salazinic acid) .................................................................................................... 
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFEF2F1DFA84FBF7FA35FB63" box="[1302,1450,1138,1160]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Parmotrema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="119" pageNumber="120" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="subisidiosum">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFEF2F1DFA84FBF7FA35FB63" box="[1302,1450,1138,1160]" italics="true" pageId="119" pageNumber="120">P. subisidiosum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(lobe margins ciliate but cilia sometimes rare, upper surface conspicuously reticulate white-maculate [
<figureCitation id="13682BDDFFEF2F1DFB2FFB0BFA84FB40" box="[1213,1307,1167,1189]" captionStart="FIGURE 40" captionStartId="107.[136,229,1172,1194]" captionTargetBox="[169,1434,321,1144]" captionTargetId="figure-80@107.[150,1435,320,1148]" captionTargetPageId="107" captionText="FIGURE 40. Parmotrema subisidiosum. A: Distribution on Réunion (UTM 2×2 km grid system); B: Bioclimatic characteristics of collection sites (abbreviations and threshold values for thermotype and ombrotype horizons from Rivas-Martínez et al. 2011: 17–18); C: Gross morphology of thallus (Masson 974.3962); D: Upper surface of isidiate lobe conspicuously reticulate white-maculate, and with cylindrical, ± coralloid-branched isidia (Masson 974.3931). Scale bars: A = 10 km; C = 8 mm; D = 2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13217554" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13217554/files/figure.png" pageId="119" pageNumber="120">Fig. 40D</figureCitation>
], isidia mainly marginal and submarginal, coralloid; uncommon species on 
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, in submontane and montane rainforests)
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEC3758FFEF2F1DFF1AFB4DFA34FB3B" blockId="119.[136,1452,159,1967]" box="[136,1451,1225,1247]" pageId="119" pageNumber="120">
<keyLead id="30A2946DFFEF2F1DFF1AFB4DFA34FB3B" box="[136,1451,1225,1247]" pageId="119" pageNumber="120">- Other medullary reactions (salazinic acid absent) .......................................................................................................................... 26</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="30A72FFDFFEF2F1DFF1AFA86FA34FAB5" pageId="119" pageNumber="120">
<paragraph id="8BEC3758FFEF2F1DFF1AFA86FCD6FAD0" blockId="119.[136,1452,159,1967]" pageId="119" pageNumber="120">
<keyLead id="30A2946DFFEF2F1DFF1AFA86FCD6FAD0" pageId="119" pageNumber="120">
26. Medulla UV+ blue-white, KC+ fleeting purple pink, then pink-orange (with alectoronic acid) .................................... 
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFEF2F1DFAABFA87FA34FAFC" box="[1337,1451,1283,1304]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Parmotrema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="119" pageNumber="120" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="nemorum">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFEF2F1DFAABFA87FA34FAFC" box="[1337,1451,1283,1304]" italics="true" pageId="119" pageNumber="120">P. nemorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(morphotype with some laminal or submarginal isidia [
<figureCitation id="13682BDDFFEF2F1DFD70FA9BFCA2FAD0" box="[738,829,1311,1333]" captionStart="FIGURE 28" captionStartId="69.[136,229,1833,1855]" captionTargetBox="[151,1433,321,1808]" captionTargetId="figure-61@69.[150,1435,320,1809]" captionTargetPageId="69" captionText="FIGURE 28. Parmotrema nemorum. A: Distribution on Réunion (UTM 2×2 km grid system); B: Bioclimatic characteristics of collection sites (abbreviations and threshold values for thermotype and ombrotype horizons from Rivas-Martínez et al. 2011: 17–18); C: Amphithecium of a mature apothecium developing prominent and anastomosing veins with coarse and ciliate isidioid structures (holotype); D: Submarginal isidia, ± cylindrical or flattened, rather stout, simple, often with pycnidia, some apically ciliate (holotype); E: Gross morphology of thallus (Masson 974.4635). Scale bars:A = 10 km; C = 4 mm; D = 1 mm; E = 20 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13217530" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13217530/files/figure.png" pageId="119" pageNumber="120">Fig. 28D</figureCitation>
])
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEC3758FFEF2F1DFF1AFAB8FA34FAB5" blockId="119.[136,1452,159,1967]" box="[136,1451,1340,1362]" pageId="119" pageNumber="120">
<keyLead id="30A2946DFFEF2F1DFF1AFAB8FA34FAB5" box="[136,1451,1340,1362]" pageId="119" pageNumber="120">- Medulla UV–, KC– or KC+ pinkish (alectoronic acid absent) ...................................................................................................... 27</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="30A72FFDFFEF2F1DFF1AFAF2FA34FA1A" pageId="119" pageNumber="120">
<paragraph id="8BEC3758FFEF2F1DFF1AFAF2FDB3FA06" blockId="119.[136,1452,159,1967]" pageId="119" pageNumber="120">
<keyLead id="30A2946DFFEF2F1DFF1AFAF2FDB3FA06" pageId="119" pageNumber="120">
27. Medulla K−, KC+ pinkish (with protocetraric acid) ............................................................................................... 
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFEF2F1DFA9AFAF2FA34FA6E" box="[1288,1451,1397,1419]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Parmotrema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="119" pageNumber="120" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="subcorallinum">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFEF2F1DFA9AFAF2FA34FA6E" box="[1288,1451,1397,1419]" italics="true" pageId="119" pageNumber="120">P. subcorallinum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(lobe margins ciliate, upper surface emaculate or faintly white-maculate, isidia mainly marginal and submarginal, coralloid or arbuscular, very often ciliate [
<figureCitation id="13682BDDFFEF2F1DFE62FA2BFDD5FA20" box="[496,586,1455,1477]" captionStart="FIGURE 38" captionStartId="102.[136,229,1053,1075]" captionTargetBox="[164,1434,197,1025]" captionTargetId="figure-21@102.[150,1435,193,1029]" captionTargetPageId="102" captionText="FIGURE 38. Parmotrema subcorallinum. A: Distribution on Réunion (UTM 2×2 km grid system); B: Bioclimatic characteristics of collection sites (abbreviations and threshold values for thermotype and ombrotype horizons from Rivas-Martínez et al. 2011: 17–18); C: Gross morphology of thallus (Masson 974.4961); D: Lobes with irregular isidia, at first granular or cylindrical, then ± coralloid or arbuscular and inflated, often apically ciliate (Masson 974.4961). Scale bars: A = 10 km; C = 10 mm; D = 4 mm" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13217550" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13217550/files/figure.png" pageId="119" pageNumber="120">Fig. 38D</figureCitation>
], medulla with protocetraric and protolichesterinic acids; uncommon in the windward part of 
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, in the submontane belt)
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEC3758FFEF2F1DFF1AFA6DFA34FA1A" blockId="119.[136,1452,159,1967]" box="[136,1451,1513,1535]" pageId="119" pageNumber="120">
<keyLead id="30A2946DFFEF2F1DFF1AFA6DFA34FA1A" box="[136,1451,1513,1535]" pageId="119" pageNumber="120">- Medulla K+ slowly orange brown, KC− (with succinprotocetraric acid) ...................................................................................... 28</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="30A72FFDFFEF2F1DFF1AF9A6FA82F900" pageId="119" pageNumber="120">
<paragraph id="8BEC3758FFEF2F1DFF1AF9A6FAF0F996" blockId="119.[136,1452,159,1967]" pageId="119" pageNumber="120">
<keyLead id="30A2946DFFEF2F1DFF1AF9A6FAF0F996" pageId="119" pageNumber="120">
28. Thallus moderately adnate, lobes 
<quantity id="4CAB9ABDFFEF2F1DFD84F9A6FDEEF9DC" box="[534,625,1570,1592]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" metricValueMax="13.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="119" pageNumber="120" unit="mm" value="7.5" valueMax="13.0" valueMin="2.0">2–13 mm</quantity>
wide ................................................................................................... 
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFEF2F1DFA9EF9A7FA34F9DC" box="[1292,1451,1571,1592]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Parmotrema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="119" pageNumber="120" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="mascarenense">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFEF2F1DFA9EF9A7FA34F9DC" box="[1292,1451,1571,1592]" italics="true" pageId="119" pageNumber="120">P. mascarenense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(lobe margins eciliate or irregularly ciliate, upper surface effigurate white-maculate, isidia marginal to laminal, simple to coralloid, occasionally ciliate [
<figureCitation id="13682BDDFFEF2F1DFE05F9D8FE6EF995" box="[407,497,1628,1650]" captionStart="FIGURE 22" captionStartId="54.[136,229,1744,1766]" captionTargetBox="[151,1433,194,1718]" captionTargetId="figure-19@54.[150,1435,193,1720]" captionTargetPageId="54" captionText="FIGURE 22. Parmotrema mascarenense. A: Distribution on Réunion (UTM 2×2 km grid system); B: Bioclimatic characteristics of collection sites (abbreviations and threshold values for thermotype and ombrotype horizons from Rivas-Martínez et al. 2011: 17–18); C: Part of thallus with laminal, ± coralloid and poorly ciliate isidia (holotype); D: Marginal cilia unevenly distributed, ± in clumps in lobe axils (Masson 974.3865); E: Gross morphology of thallus (holotype). Scale bars: A = 10 km; C = 5 mm; D = 4 mm; E = 10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13217518" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13217518/files/figure.png" pageId="119" pageNumber="120">Fig. 22C</figureCitation>
], medulla with succinprotocetraric and fumarprotocetraric acids; fairly common on 
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)
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEC3758FFEF2F1DFF1AF9FDFA82F900" blockId="119.[136,1452,159,1967]" pageId="119" pageNumber="120">
<keyLead id="30A2946DFFEF2F1DFF1AF9FDFA82F900" pageId="119" pageNumber="120">
- Thallus adnate to tightly adnate, lobes 
<quantity id="4CAB9ABDFFEF2F1DFDD4F9FDFD0AF96A" box="[582,661,1657,1678]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="119" pageNumber="120" unit="mm" value="2.5" valueMax="4.0" valueMin="1.0">1–4 mm</quantity>
wide ....................................................................................................... 
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFEF2F1DFAD6F9FDFA34F96A" box="[1348,1451,1657,1678]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Parmotrema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="119" pageNumber="120" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="orarium">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFEF2F1DFAD6F9FDFA34F96A" box="[1348,1451,1657,1678]" italics="true" pageId="119" pageNumber="120">P. orarium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(looks more like a 
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFEF2F1DFE03F911FD83F94E" ID-CoL="62L5Z" authorityName="Elix &amp; Hale" authorityYear="1986" box="[401,540,1685,1706]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Canoparmelia" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="119" pageNumber="120" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="genus" sensu="lato">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFEF2F1DFE03F911FD83F94E" box="[401,540,1685,1706]" italics="true" pageId="119" pageNumber="120">Canoparmelia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2145631FFEF2F1DFDB6F912FDC4F94F" box="[548,603,1685,1707]" pageId="119" pageNumber="120" sensu="lato">s. lat.</taxonomicNameLabel>
than a 
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFEF2F1DFD3AF912FCBFF94F" ID-CoL="6HY5" box="[680,800,1686,1707]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Parmotrema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="119" pageNumber="120" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFEF2F1DFD3AF912FCBFF94F" box="[680,800,1686,1707]" italics="true" pageId="119" pageNumber="120">Parmotrema</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
[
<figureCitation id="13682BDDFFEF2F1DFCBDF911FC12F94F" box="[815,909,1685,1707]" captionStart="FIGURE 32" captionStartId="83.[136,229,1593,1615]" captionTargetBox="[151,1433,286,1568]" captionTargetId="figure-47@83.[150,1435,284,1569]" captionTargetPageId="83" captionText="FIGURE 32. Parmotrema orarium. A: Distribution on Réunion (UTM 2×2 km grid system); B: Bioclimatic characteristics of collection sites (abbreviations and threshold values for thermotype and ombrotype horizons from Rivas-Martínez et al. 2011:17–18); C: Coastal stand of Pandanus utilis, a typical habitat for P. orarium on Réunion Island (Sainte-Rose, Bois Blanc, 13August 2015); D: Gross morphology of thallus (holotype); E: Sorediate isidia (Masson 974.4646); F: Submarginal pustules, bursting into soredia (Masson 974.4221). Scale bars: A = 10 km; D = 20 mm; E = 1 mm; F = 2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13217538" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13217538/files/figure.png" pageId="119" pageNumber="120">Fig. 32D</figureCitation>
], lobe margins eciliate to weakly ciliate, upper surface effigurate white-maculate, isidia marginal to laminal, simple or ± branched, rarely ciliate, usually quickly sorediate [
<figureCitation id="13682BDDFFEF2F1DFAD5F936FA3DF923" box="[1351,1442,1714,1736]" captionStart="FIGURE 32" captionStartId="83.[136,229,1593,1615]" captionTargetBox="[151,1433,286,1568]" captionTargetId="figure-47@83.[150,1435,284,1569]" captionTargetPageId="83" captionText="FIGURE 32. Parmotrema orarium. A: Distribution on Réunion (UTM 2×2 km grid system); B: Bioclimatic characteristics of collection sites (abbreviations and threshold values for thermotype and ombrotype horizons from Rivas-Martínez et al. 2011:17–18); C: Coastal stand of Pandanus utilis, a typical habitat for P. orarium on Réunion Island (Sainte-Rose, Bois Blanc, 13August 2015); D: Gross morphology of thallus (holotype); E: Sorediate isidia (Masson 974.4646); F: Submarginal pustules, bursting into soredia (Masson 974.4221). Scale bars: A = 10 km; D = 20 mm; E = 1 mm; F = 2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13217538" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13217538/files/figure.png" pageId="119" pageNumber="120">Fig. 32E</figureCitation>
], medulla with succinprotocetraric and fumarprotocetraric acids; in the southeastern part of 
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, near the coast)
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="30A72FFDFFEF2F1DFF1AF88DFA34F8B3" pageId="119" pageNumber="120">
<paragraph id="8BEC3758FFEF2F1DFF1AF88DFD8EF8DF" blockId="119.[136,1452,159,1967]" pageId="119" pageNumber="120">
<keyLead id="30A2946DFFEF2F1DFF1AF88DFD8EF8DF" pageId="119" pageNumber="120">
29. Medulla K+ yellow persistent, KC− (with stictic acid) ............................................................................................. 
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFEF2F1DFA84F88DFA35F8FA" box="[1302,1450,1801,1822]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Parmotrema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="119" pageNumber="120" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="nephophilum">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFEF2F1DFA84F88DFA35F8FA" box="[1302,1450,1801,1822]" italics="true" pageId="119" pageNumber="120">P. nephophilum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(sorediate morphotype, 
<figureCitation id="13682BDDFFEF2F1DFE25F8A1FD95F8DF" box="[439,522,1829,1851]" captionStart="FIGURE 29" captionStartId="73.[136,229,1819,1841]" captionTargetBox="[165,1433,466,1790]" captionTargetId="figure-131@73.[150,1435,464,1794]" captionTargetPageId="73" captionText="FIGURE 29. Parmotrema nephophilum. A: Distribution of the isidiate/phyllidiate/laciniate form on Réunion (UTM 2×2 km grid system); B:Distribution of the sorediateform on Réunion (UTM 2×2 kmgrid system);C: Bioclimaticcharacteristics of collection sites(abbreviations and threshold values for thermotype and ombrotype horizons from Rivas-Martínez et al. 2011: 17–18), light dotted: only sorediate form, medium dotted: only isidiate/phyllidiate/laciniate form, heavy dotted: both forms; D: Gross morphology of thallus (holotype); E: Heavily phyllidiate/laciniate lobe (holotype); F: Sorediate lobe with marginal and submarginal soralia and granulose soredia (Masson 974.4716). Scale bars:A, B = 10 km; D = 10 mm; E = 4 mm; F = 2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13217532" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13217532/files/figure.png" pageId="119" pageNumber="120">Fig. 29F</figureCitation>
)
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEC3758FFEF2F1DFF1AF8C7FA34F8B3" blockId="119.[136,1452,159,1967]" box="[136,1451,1858,1880]" pageId="119" pageNumber="120">
<keyLead id="30A2946DFFEF2F1DFF1AF8C7FA34F8B3" box="[136,1451,1858,1880]" pageId="119" pageNumber="120">- Other medullary reactions (stictic acid absent) .............................................................................................................................. 30</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<paragraph id="8BEC3758FFEF2F1DFF1AF8F8FA34F875" blockId="119.[136,1452,159,1967]" box="[136,1451,1916,1938]" pageId="119" pageNumber="120">
<keyLead id="30A2946DFFEF2F1DFF1AF8F8FA34F875" box="[136,1451,1916,1938]" pageId="119" pageNumber="120">
<keyStep id="30A72FFDFFEF2F1DFF1AF8F8FA34F875" box="[136,1451,1916,1938]" pageId="119" pageNumber="120">30. Medulla K+ yellow then red (with salazinic acid) ......................................................................................................................... 31</keyStep>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<keyLead id="30A2946DFFEF2F12FF1AF81DFE74FEEF" lastPageId="120" lastPageNumber="121" pageId="119" pageNumber="120">
<paragraph id="8BEC3758FFEF2F1DFF1AF81DFA34F84A" blockId="119.[136,1452,159,1967]" box="[136,1451,1945,1967]" pageId="119" pageNumber="120">- Other medullary reactions (salazinic acid absent) .......................................................................................................................... 33</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEC3758FFE02F12FF1AFF1BFE74FEEF" blockId="120.[136,1452,159,1909]" pageId="120" pageNumber="121">
<keyStep id="30A72FFDFFE02F12FF1AFF1BFE74FEEF" pageId="120" pageNumber="121">
31. Upper surface emaculate, rarely faintly punctiform maculate; lower surface with a broad erhizinate marginal zone ....................... ....................................................................................................................................................................................... 
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFE02F12FAB8FF39FA35FF35" ID-CoL="4DPW6" baseAuthorityName="Hale &amp; DePriest" baseAuthorityYear="1999" box="[1322,1450,188,210]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Parmotrema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="120" pageNumber="121" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="cristiferum">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFE02F12FAB8FF39FA35FF35" box="[1322,1450,188,210]" italics="true" pageId="120" pageNumber="121">P. cristiferum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(lobe margins eciliate to clearly ciliate, soralia mainly marginal, linear to labriform [
<figureCitation id="13682BDDFFE02F12FB90FF5DFBC1FF0B" box="[1026,1118,217,239]" captionStart="FIGURE 16" captionStartId="39.[136,229,1172,1194]" captionTargetBox="[159,1434,322,1143]" captionTargetId="figure-78@39.[150,1435,320,1147]" captionTargetPageId="39" captionText="FIGURE 16. Parmotrema cristiferum. A: Distribution on Réunion (UTM 2×2 km grid system); B: Bioclimatic characteristics of collection sites (abbreviations and threshold values for thermotype and ombrotype horizons from Rivas-Martínez et al. 2011: 17–18); C: Gross morphology of thallus (Masson 974.4243); D: Sparingly ciliate sorediate lobes with marginal linear and submarginal ± capitate soralia (Masson 974.4631). Scale bars: A = 10 km; C = 10 mm; D = 4 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13217506" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13217506/files/figure.png" pageId="120" pageNumber="121">Fig. 16D</figureCitation>
]; uncommon in the windward part of 
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, at low elevation)
</keyStep>
</paragraph>
</keyLead>
<paragraph id="8BEC3758FFE02F12FF1AFE97FA34FEC3" blockId="120.[136,1452,159,1909]" box="[136,1451,274,296]" pageId="120" pageNumber="121">
<keyLead id="30A2946DFFE02F12FF1AFE97FA34FEC3" box="[136,1451,274,296]" pageId="120" pageNumber="121">- Upper surface reticulate maculate; lower surface often with rhizines and papillae to the margins ............................................... 32</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<keyStep id="30A72FFDFFE02F12FF1AFEC8FB68FE31" pageId="120" pageNumber="121">
<paragraph id="8BEC3758FFE02F12FF1AFEC8FDDFFE7F" blockId="120.[136,1452,159,1909]" pageId="120" pageNumber="121">
<keyLead id="30A2946DFFE02F12FF1AFEC8FDDFFE7F" pageId="120" pageNumber="121">
32. Marginal zone of the lower surface of sorediate lobes dark brown or black ....................................................... 
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFE02F12FB62FEC9FAE9FE85" ID-CoL="4DPZ6" box="[1264,1398,332,354]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Parmotrema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="120" pageNumber="121" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="reticulatum">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFE02F12FB62FEC9FAE9FE85" box="[1264,1398,332,354]" italics="true" pageId="120" pageNumber="121">P. reticulatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
aggr. (lobe margins ciliate, soralia mainly capitate at the tips of laciniae or submarginal ± linear at the apex of revolute lobes [
<figureCitation id="13682BDDFFE02F12FAD8FEEDFA3EFE9A" box="[1354,1441,360,383]" captionStart="FIGURE 35" captionStartId="90.[136,229,1725,1747]" captionTargetBox="[163,1433,357,1697]" captionTargetId="figure-109@90.[150,1435,356,1701]" captionTargetPageId="90" captionText="FIGURE 35. Parmotrema reticulatum aggr. A: Distribution (UTM 2×2 km grid system) of specimens with molecular data on Réunion [= species 2 of Del-Prado et al. (2016)]; B: Distribution of specimens without molecular data on Réunion (UTM 2×2 km grid system); C: Bioclimatic characteristics of collection sites of specimens with molecular data (abbreviations and threshold values for thermotype and ombrotype horizons from Rivas-Martínez et al. 2011: 17–18); D: Gross morphology of thallus (Masson 974.4781); E: Part of thallus with apothecia of various ages (Masson 974.5069); F: Sorediate lobes with soralia capitate at the tip of marginal short laciniae, or submarginal ± linear at the apex of revolute lobe (Masson 974.4289). Scale bars: A, B = 10 km; D, E = 10 mm; F = 4 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13217544" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13217544/files/figure.png" pageId="120" pageNumber="121">Fig. 35F</figureCitation>
]; common and widespread on 
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)
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEC3758FFE02F12FF1AFE27FB68FE31" blockId="120.[136,1452,159,1909]" pageId="120" pageNumber="121">
<keyLead id="30A2946DFFE02F12FF1AFE27FB68FE31" pageId="120" pageNumber="121">
- Marginal zone of the lower surface of sorediate lobes often white or white mottled .......................................... 
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFE02F12FB69FE27FA35FE53" ID-CoL="763BV" box="[1275,1450,418,440]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Parmotrema" isUncertain="true" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="120" pageNumber="121" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="clavuliferum">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFE02F12FB69FE27FA91FE5C" box="[1275,1294,419,440]" italics="true" pageId="120" pageNumber="121">P.</emphasis>
cf. 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFE02F12FAA3FE26FA35FE53" box="[1329,1450,418,439]" italics="true" pageId="120" pageNumber="121">clavuliferum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(lobe margins ciliate, soralia mainly capitate at the tips of laciniae [
<figureCitation id="13682BDDFFE02F12FCC5FE3BFC2CFE30" box="[855,947,447,469]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="29.[136,229,1353,1374]" captionTargetBox="[162,1433,502,1324]" captionTargetId="figure-172@29.[151,1434,500,1328]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="FIGURE 12. Parmotrema cf. clavuliferum. A: Distribution on Réunion (UTM 2×2 km grid system); B: Bioclimatic characteristics of collection sites (abbreviations and threshold values for thermotype and ombrotype horizons from Rivas-Martínez et al. 2011: 17–18); C: Gross morphology of thallus (Masson 974.4027); D: Sorediate lobes with soralia mainly capitate at the apex of laciniae, and lower surface with ivory-white marginal zone (Masson 974.4027). Scale bars: A = 10 km; C = 10 mm; D = 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13217498" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13217498/files/figure.png" pageId="120" pageNumber="121">Fig. 12D</figureCitation>
]; uncommon species on 
<collectingCountry id="F34477C8FFE02F12FB0CFE3BFB6EFE31" box="[1182,1265,447,469]" name="Réunion" pageId="120" pageNumber="121">Réunion</collectingCountry>
)
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="30A72FFDFFE02F12FF1AFE7DFA34FDCF" pageId="120" pageNumber="121">
<paragraph id="8BEC3758FFE02F12FF1AFE7DFA34FDEA" blockId="120.[136,1452,159,1909]" box="[136,1451,505,527]" pageId="120" pageNumber="121">
<keyLead id="30A2946DFFE02F12FF1AFE7DFA34FDEA" box="[136,1451,505,527]" pageId="120" pageNumber="121">33. Medulla K+ slowly orange brown, KC− (with succinprotocetraric acid) ...................................................................................... 34</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEC3758FFE02F12FF1AFD92FA34FDCF" blockId="120.[136,1452,159,1909]" box="[136,1451,533,555]" pageId="120" pageNumber="121">
<keyLead id="30A2946DFFE02F12FF1AFD92FA34FDCF" box="[136,1451,533,555]" pageId="120" pageNumber="121">- Medulla K− or K± yellowish, KC+ pinkish (with protocetraric acid) ........................................................................................... 35</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="30A72FFDFFE02F12FF1AFDCBFC00FCAF" pageId="120" pageNumber="121">
<paragraph id="8BEC3758FFE02F12FF1AFDCBFC2CFD33" blockId="120.[136,1452,159,1909]" pageId="120" pageNumber="121">
<keyLead id="30A2946DFFE02F12FF1AFDCBFC2CFD33" pageId="120" pageNumber="121">
34. Thallus adnate to tightly adnate, lobes 
<quantity id="4CAB9ABDFFE02F12FDD4FDCBFD0AFD81" box="[582,661,591,613]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="120" pageNumber="121" unit="mm" value="2.5" valueMax="4.0" valueMin="1.0">1–4 mm</quantity>
wide, isidia present (at least in the early stages of development) ........ 
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFE02F12FAD3FDD4FA34FD81" box="[1345,1451,592,613]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Parmotrema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="120" pageNumber="121" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="orarium">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFE02F12FAD3FDD4FACFFD81" box="[1345,1360,592,613]" italics="true" pageId="120" pageNumber="121">P</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFE02F12FACEFDD4FA34FD81" box="[1372,1451,592,613]" italics="true" pageId="120" pageNumber="121">orarium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(looks more like a 
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFE02F12FE03FDE8FD83FD65" ID-CoL="62L5Z" authorityName="Elix &amp; Hale" authorityYear="1986" box="[401,540,620,641]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Canoparmelia" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="120" pageNumber="121" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="genus" sensu="lato">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFE02F12FE03FDE8FD83FD65" box="[401,540,620,641]" italics="true" pageId="120" pageNumber="121">Canoparmelia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2145631FFE02F12FDB6FDE8FDC4FD66" box="[548,603,620,642]" pageId="120" pageNumber="121" sensu="lato">s. lat.</taxonomicNameLabel>
than a 
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFE02F12FD3AFDE9FCBFFD66" ID-CoL="6HY5" box="[680,800,621,642]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Parmotrema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="120" pageNumber="121" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFE02F12FD3AFDE9FCBFFD66" box="[680,800,621,642]" italics="true" pageId="120" pageNumber="121">Parmotrema</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
[
<figureCitation id="13682BDDFFE02F12FCBDFDE8FC12FD65" box="[815,909,620,642]" captionStart="FIGURE 32" captionStartId="83.[136,229,1593,1615]" captionTargetBox="[151,1433,286,1568]" captionTargetId="figure-47@83.[150,1435,284,1569]" captionTargetPageId="83" captionText="FIGURE 32. Parmotrema orarium. A: Distribution on Réunion (UTM 2×2 km grid system); B: Bioclimatic characteristics of collection sites (abbreviations and threshold values for thermotype and ombrotype horizons from Rivas-Martínez et al. 2011:17–18); C: Coastal stand of Pandanus utilis, a typical habitat for P. orarium on Réunion Island (Sainte-Rose, Bois Blanc, 13August 2015); D: Gross morphology of thallus (holotype); E: Sorediate isidia (Masson 974.4646); F: Submarginal pustules, bursting into soredia (Masson 974.4221). Scale bars: A = 10 km; D = 20 mm; E = 1 mm; F = 2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13217538" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13217538/files/figure.png" pageId="120" pageNumber="121">Fig. 32D</figureCitation>
], lobe margins eciliate to weakly ciliate, upper surface effigurate white-maculate, isidia marginal to laminal, soralia marginal to laminal [
<figureCitation id="13682BDDFFE02F12FB8EFD0DFBE6FD7A" box="[1052,1145,649,671]" captionStart="FIGURE 32" captionStartId="83.[136,229,1593,1615]" captionTargetBox="[151,1433,286,1568]" captionTargetId="figure-47@83.[150,1435,284,1569]" captionTargetPageId="83" captionText="FIGURE 32. Parmotrema orarium. A: Distribution on Réunion (UTM 2×2 km grid system); B: Bioclimatic characteristics of collection sites (abbreviations and threshold values for thermotype and ombrotype horizons from Rivas-Martínez et al. 2011:17–18); C: Coastal stand of Pandanus utilis, a typical habitat for P. orarium on Réunion Island (Sainte-Rose, Bois Blanc, 13August 2015); D: Gross morphology of thallus (holotype); E: Sorediate isidia (Masson 974.4646); F: Submarginal pustules, bursting into soredia (Masson 974.4221). Scale bars: A = 10 km; D = 20 mm; E = 1 mm; F = 2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13217538" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13217538/files/figure.png" pageId="120" pageNumber="121">Fig. 32F</figureCitation>
], often originating from rapid decay of young isidia, more rarely from pustules, occasionally orbicular or subcapitate, medulla with succinprotocetraric and fumarprotocetraric acids; in the southeastern part of 
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, near the coast)
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEC3758FFE02F12FF1AFD64FC00FCAF" blockId="120.[136,1452,159,1909]" pageId="120" pageNumber="121">
<keyLead id="30A2946DFFE02F12FF1AFD64FC00FCAF" pageId="120" pageNumber="121">
- Thallus moderately adnate, lobes 
<quantity id="4CAB9ABDFFE02F12FD84FD5BFDFAFD11" box="[534,613,735,757]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="120" pageNumber="121" unit="mm" value="5.5" valueMax="8.0" valueMin="3.0">3–8 mm</quantity>
wide, isidia totally absent ............................................................. 
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFE02F12FB4DFD64FA35FD11" box="[1247,1450,736,757]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Parmotrema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="120" pageNumber="121" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="paramascarenense">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFE02F12FB4DFD64FA35FD11" box="[1247,1450,736,757]" italics="true" pageId="120" pageNumber="121">P. paramascarenense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(lobe margins eciliate to irregularly ciliate, upper surface effigurate white-maculate, soralia terminal at the apex of tiny laciniae when young, then labriform or subcapitate, finally spreading submarginally on revolute lobes [
<figureCitation id="13682BDDFFE02F12FB3CFC9DFA8FFCCA" box="[1198,1296,793,815]" captionStart="FIGURE 33" captionStartId="86.[136,229,1782,1804]" captionTargetBox="[151,1433,194,1756]" captionTargetId="figure-20@86.[150,1435,193,1758]" captionTargetPageId="86" captionText="FIGURE 33. Parmotrema paramascarenense. A: Distribution on Réunion (UTM 2×2 km grid system); B: Bioclimatic characteristics of collection sites (abbreviations and threshold values for thermotype and ombrotype horizons from Rivas-Martínez et al. 2011: 17–18); C: Sorediate arbusculae in old part of thallus (holotype); D: Soralia at the apex of tiny laciniae, ± labriform or subcapitate, in young part of thallus (holotype); E: Gross morphology of thallus (Kalb &amp; Kalb 33656). Scale bars: A = 10 km; C, D = 4 mm; E = 8 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13217540" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13217540/files/figure.png" pageId="120" pageNumber="121">Fig. 33D</figureCitation>
], medulla with succinprotocetraric and fumarprotocetraric acids; rare species on 
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)
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="30A72FFDFFE02F12FF1AFCEBFA34FC1C" pageId="120" pageNumber="121">
<paragraph id="8BEC3758FFE02F12FF1AFCEBFB82FC3F" blockId="120.[136,1452,159,1909]" pageId="120" pageNumber="121">
<keyLead id="30A2946DFFE02F12FF1AFCEBFB82FC3F" pageId="120" pageNumber="121">
35. Medulla with echinocarpic acid ...................................................................................................................................... 
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFE02F12FAA5FCF4FA34FC60" ID-CoL="4DPWC" box="[1335,1451,879,901]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Parmotrema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="120" pageNumber="121" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="dilatatum">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFE02F12FAA5FCF4FA34FC60" box="[1335,1451,879,901]" italics="true" pageId="120" pageNumber="121">P. dilatatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(lobe margins eciliate or very sparsely ciliate, upper surface emaculate or faintly punctiform white-maculate, soralia marginal, linear to labriform when young, then subcapitate and ± coalescing on arbuscular rising structures [
<figureCitation id="13682BDDFFE02F12FB24FC2DFA8AFC5A" box="[1206,1301,937,959]" captionStart="FIGURE 19" captionStartId="45.[136,229,1909,1931]" captionTargetBox="[163,1433,1005,1881]" captionTargetId="figure-355@45.[150,1435,1004,1885]" captionTargetPageId="45" captionText="FIGURE 19. Parmotrema dilatatum. A: Distribution on Réunion (UTM 2×2 km grid system); B: Bioclimatic characteristics of collection site (abbreviations and threshold values for thermotype and ombrotype horizons from Rivas-Martínez et al. 2011: 17–18); C: Gross morphology of thallus (Masson 974.4112); D: Eciliate sorediate lobes, with young linear interrupted to somewhat labriform soralia, and older, ± subcapitate soralia on short ascending laciniae, finally ± coalescing on arbuscular rising structures (Masson 974.4112). Scale bars: A = 10 km; C = 10 mm; D = 4 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13217512" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13217512/files/figure.png" pageId="120" pageNumber="121">Fig. 19D</figureCitation>
], medulla with protocetraric and echinocarpic acids as major substances; very rare species on 
<collectingCountry id="F34477C8FFE02F12FC56FC41FB88FC3F" box="[964,1047,965,987]" name="Réunion" pageId="120" pageNumber="121">Réunion</collectingCountry>
)
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEC3758FFE02F12FF1AFC67FA34FC1C" blockId="120.[136,1452,159,1909]" box="[136,1451,994,1016]" pageId="120" pageNumber="121">
<keyLead id="30A2946DFFE02F12FF1AFC67FA34FC1C" box="[136,1451,994,1016]" pageId="120" pageNumber="121">- Medulla without echinocarpic acid ................................................................................................................................................ 36</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="30A72FFDFFE02F12FF1AFB98FA34FBAA" pageId="120" pageNumber="121">
<paragraph id="8BEC3758FFE02F12FF1AFB98FA34FBD5" blockId="120.[136,1452,159,1909]" box="[136,1451,1052,1074]" pageId="120" pageNumber="121">
<keyLead id="30A2946DFFE02F12FF1AFB98FA34FBD5" box="[136,1451,1052,1074]" pageId="120" pageNumber="121">36. Medulla without protolichesterinic acid ......................................................................................................................................... 37</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEC3758FFE02F12FF1AFBBDFA34FBAA" blockId="120.[136,1452,159,1909]" box="[136,1451,1081,1103]" pageId="120" pageNumber="121">
<keyLead id="30A2946DFFE02F12FF1AFBBDFA34FBAA" box="[136,1451,1081,1103]" pageId="120" pageNumber="121">- Medulla with protolichesterinic acid .............................................................................................................................................. 38</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="30A72FFDFFE02F12FF1AFBF6FC1BFAB6" pageId="120" pageNumber="121">
<paragraph id="8BEC3758FFE02F12FF1AFBF6FE5FFB3B" blockId="120.[136,1452,159,1909]" pageId="120" pageNumber="121">
<keyLead id="30A2946DFFE02F12FF1AFBF6FE5FFB3B" pageId="120" pageNumber="121">
37. Medulla UV+, with alectoronic acid ......................................................................................................................... 
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFE02F12FA87FBF7FA34FB63" baseAuthorityName="Krog &amp; Swinscow" baseAuthorityYear="1982" box="[1301,1451,1138,1160]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Parmotrema" isUncertain="true" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="120" pageNumber="121" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="deflectens">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFE02F12FA87FBF7FAB8FB6C" box="[1301,1319,1139,1160]" italics="true" pageId="120" pageNumber="121">P.</emphasis>
cf. 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFE02F12FAD9FBF6FA34FB63" box="[1355,1451,1138,1159]" italics="true" pageId="120" pageNumber="121">deflectens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(lobe margins conspicuously ciliate, upper surface emaculate or faintly punctiform white-maculate, upper cortex fragile, flaking, soralia mainly marginal, linear to labriform [
<figureCitation id="13682BDDFFE02F12FDE9FB28FD4BFB25" box="[635,724,1196,1218]" captionStart="FIGURE 18" captionStartId="44.[136,229,1942,1964]" captionTargetBox="[163,1434,1080,1914]" captionTargetId="figure-418@44.[150,1435,1076,1918]" captionTargetPageId="44" captionText="FIGURE 18. Parmotrema cf. deflectens. A: Distribution on Réunion (UTM 2×2 km grid system); B: Bioclimatic characteristics of collection site (abbreviations and threshold values for thermotype and ombrotype horizons from Rivas-Martínez et al. 2011: 17–18); C: Ciliate sorediate lobes with marginal, linear interrupted to somewhat labriform soralia (Krog RE34/2 &amp; Timdal); D: small marginal soralia tinged orange by skyrin, and fragile cortex cracking (Krog RE34/2 &amp; Timdal). Scale bars:A = 10 km; C = 5 mm; D = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13217510" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13217510/files/figure.png" pageId="120" pageNumber="121">Fig. 18C</figureCitation>
], medulla with protocetraric and alectoronic acids as major substances; very rare species on 
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)
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</paragraph>
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- Medulla UV−, alectoronic acid absent ............................................................................................................................ 
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFE02F12FAABFB62FA34FB1E" ID-CoL="4DPZ8" box="[1337,1451,1253,1275]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Parmotrema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="120" pageNumber="121" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="robustum">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFE02F12FAABFB62FA34FB1E" box="[1337,1451,1253,1275]" italics="true" pageId="120" pageNumber="121">P. robustum</emphasis>
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(lobe margins eciliate to ± irregularly ciliate, upper surface emaculate to punctiform white-maculate, soralia marginal at the apex of laciniae when young, then labriform or subcapitate and ± coalescing [
<figureCitation id="13682BDDFFE02F12FC3AFA9BFB9AFAD0" box="[936,1029,1311,1333]" captionStart="FIGURE 37" captionStartId="97.[136,229,1298,1320]" captionTargetBox="[167,1434,430,1270]" captionTargetId="figure-142@97.[150,1435,428,1274]" captionTargetPageId="97" captionText="FIGURE 37. Parmotrema robustum. A: Distribution on Réunion (UTM 2×2 km grid system); B: Bioclimatic characteristics of collection sites (abbreviations and threshold values for thermotype and ombrotype horizons from Rivas-Martínez et al. 2011: 17–18); C: Gross morphology of thallus (Masson 974. 4044); D: Sorediate lobes with young soralia ± labriform or subcapitate at the apex of laciniae, then ± coalescing and slightly spreading submarginally with age (Masson 974.4826). Scale bars:A = 10 km; C = 10 mm; D = 4 mm" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13217548" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13217548/files/figure.png" pageId="120" pageNumber="121">Fig. 37D</figureCitation>
], medulla with protocetraric acid as major substance; common species on 
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, mainly in montane rainforests)
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BEC3758FFE02F12FF1AFAF2FB55FA06" blockId="120.[136,1452,159,1909]" pageId="120" pageNumber="121">
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38. Medulla UV+, with alectoronic acid ........................................................................................................................ 
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFE02F12FA80FAF2FA35FA6E" box="[1298,1450,1397,1419]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Parmotrema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="120" pageNumber="121" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="subdeflectens">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFE02F12FA80FAF2FA35FA6E" box="[1298,1450,1397,1419]" italics="true" pageId="120" pageNumber="121">P. subdeflectens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(lobe margins conspicuously ciliate, upper surface emaculate or faintly punctiform white-maculate, soralia either terminal labriform or subcapitate on very short laciniae [
<figureCitation id="13682BDDFFE02F12FDADFA2BFD06FA20" box="[575,665,1455,1477]" captionStart="FIGURE 39" captionStartId="105.[136,229,1774,1796]" captionTargetBox="[151,1433,213,1748]" captionTargetId="figure-18@105.[150,1435,212,1750]" captionTargetPageId="105" captionText="FIGURE 39. Parmotrema subdeflectens. A: Distribution on Réunion (UTM 2×2 km grid system); B: Bioclimatic characteristics of collection sites (abbreviations and threshold values for thermotype and ombrotype horizons from Rivas-Martínez et al. 2011: 17–18); C: Sorediate lobes with marginal and often branched cilia, and terminal labriform or subcapitate soralia on very short laciniae (holotype); D: Sorediate lobes with marginal and ± linear labriform soralia (Masson 974.3946); E: Gross morphology of thallus (Masson 974.3946). Scale bars:A = 10 km; C = 4 mm; D = 3 mm; E = 10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13217552" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13217552/files/figure.png" pageId="120" pageNumber="121">Fig. 39C</figureCitation>
], or marginal and ± labriform [
<figureCitation id="13682BDDFFE02F12FC55FA2BFBBCFA20" box="[967,1059,1455,1477]" captionStart="FIGURE 39" captionStartId="105.[136,229,1774,1796]" captionTargetBox="[151,1433,213,1748]" captionTargetId="figure-18@105.[150,1435,212,1750]" captionTargetPageId="105" captionText="FIGURE 39. Parmotrema subdeflectens. A: Distribution on Réunion (UTM 2×2 km grid system); B: Bioclimatic characteristics of collection sites (abbreviations and threshold values for thermotype and ombrotype horizons from Rivas-Martínez et al. 2011: 17–18); C: Sorediate lobes with marginal and often branched cilia, and terminal labriform or subcapitate soralia on very short laciniae (holotype); D: Sorediate lobes with marginal and ± linear labriform soralia (Masson 974.3946); E: Gross morphology of thallus (Masson 974.3946). Scale bars:A = 10 km; C = 4 mm; D = 3 mm; E = 10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13217552" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13217552/files/figure.png" pageId="120" pageNumber="121">Fig. 39D</figureCitation>
], medulla with protocetraric, alectoronic and protolichesterinic acids as major substances; rare species on 
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, in leeward submontane forests)
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</paragraph>
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<keyLead id="30A2946DFFE02F12FF1AFA6DFA34FA1A" box="[136,1451,1513,1535]" pageId="120" pageNumber="121">- Medulla UV−, without alectoronic acid ......................................................................................................................................... 39</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="30A72FFDFFE02F12FF1AF9A6FA34F900" pageId="120" pageNumber="121">
<paragraph id="8BEC3758FFE02F12FF1AF9A6FE2BF94F" blockId="120.[136,1452,159,1909]" pageId="120" pageNumber="121">
<keyLead id="30A2946DFFE02F12FF1AF9A6FE2BF94F" pageId="120" pageNumber="121">
39. Soralia submarginal, often pustulate (
<figureCitation id="13682BDDFFE02F12FDD0F9A6FD03F9D3" box="[578,668,1570,1592]" captionStart="FIGURE 42" captionStartId="114.[136,229,1869,1891]" captionTargetBox="[151,1433,357,1843]" captionTargetId="figure-79@114.[150,1435,356,1845]" captionTargetPageId="114" captionText="FIGURE 42. Parmotrema udisilvestre. A: Distribution on Réunion (UTM 2×2 km grid system); B: Bioclimatic characteristics of collection sites (abbreviations and threshold values for thermotype and ombrotype horizons from Rivas-Martínez et al. 2011: 17–18); C: Submarginal soralia arising from pustule-like swellings or forming from disintegration of the upper cortex of ± revolute lobe (holotype); D: Sorediate lobe with fragile, cracking and flaking upper cortex (Masson 974.4959); E: Gross morphology of thallus (Masson 974.4833). Scale bars:A = 10 km; C = 2 mm; D = 3 mm; E = 8 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13217558" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13217558/files/figure.png" pageId="120" pageNumber="121">Fig. 42C</figureCitation>
), never marginal linear; upper cortex fragile, here and there flaking (
<figureCitation id="13682BDDFFE02F12FAD6F9A6FA3FF9D3" box="[1348,1440,1570,1592]" captionStart="FIGURE 42" captionStartId="114.[136,229,1869,1891]" captionTargetBox="[151,1433,357,1843]" captionTargetId="figure-79@114.[150,1435,356,1845]" captionTargetPageId="114" captionText="FIGURE 42. Parmotrema udisilvestre. A: Distribution on Réunion (UTM 2×2 km grid system); B: Bioclimatic characteristics of collection sites (abbreviations and threshold values for thermotype and ombrotype horizons from Rivas-Martínez et al. 2011: 17–18); C: Submarginal soralia arising from pustule-like swellings or forming from disintegration of the upper cortex of ± revolute lobe (holotype); D: Sorediate lobe with fragile, cracking and flaking upper cortex (Masson 974.4959); E: Gross morphology of thallus (Masson 974.4833). Scale bars:A = 10 km; C = 2 mm; D = 3 mm; E = 8 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13217558" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13217558/files/figure.png" pageId="120" pageNumber="121">Fig. 42D</figureCitation>
); soredia granulose (mean diameter&gt; 50 µm) ............................................................................................................... 
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFE02F12FAB7F9C4FA34F9B0" box="[1317,1451,1599,1621]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Parmotrema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="120" pageNumber="121" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="udisilvestre">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFE02F12FAB7F9C4FA34F9B0" box="[1317,1451,1599,1621]" italics="true" pageId="120" pageNumber="121">P. udisilvestre</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(species of the 
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFE02F12FEF8F9D9FE6CF995" ID-CoL="4DPDF" box="[362,499,1628,1650]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Parmotrema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="120" pageNumber="121" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="subarnoldii">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFE02F12FEF8F9D9FE6CF995" box="[362,499,1628,1650]" italics="true" pageId="120" pageNumber="121">P. subarnoldii</emphasis>
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group, lobe margins conspicuously ciliate, upper surface emaculate or faintly punctiform white-maculate, medulla with protocetraric and protolichesterinic acids as major substances; uncommon in the windward part of 
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, in the submontane belt)
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEC3758FFE02F12FF1AF937FA34F900" blockId="120.[136,1452,159,1909]" pageId="120" pageNumber="121">
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- Soralia marginal, linear discontinuous, then ± labriform (
<figureCitation id="13682BDDFFE02F12FD62F936FCA6F923" box="[752,825,1714,1736]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="24.[136,229,1770,1792]" captionTargetBox="[151,1433,194,1736]" captionTargetId="figure-20@24.[150,1435,193,1746]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURE 9. Parmotrema brachyblepharum. A: Distribution on Réunion (UTM 2×2 km grid system); B: Bioclimatic characteristics of collection site (abbreviations and threshold values for thermotype and ombrotype horizons from Rivas-Martínez et al. 2011: 17–18); C: Type locality, a disturbed submontane Pandanus wet thicket crossed by a track; D: Sorediate lobe with marginal, linear discontinuous soralia and subgranulose soredia (Masson 974.4443); E: Gross morphology of thallus (holotype). Scale bars: A = 10 km; D = 1 mm; E = 10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13217492" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13217492/files/figure.png" pageId="120" pageNumber="121">Fig. 9D</figureCitation>
&amp; 
<figureCitation id="13682BDDFFE02F12FCC4F936FC1DF923" box="[854,898,1714,1735]" captionStart="FIGURE 20" captionStartId="48.[136,229,1740,1762]" captionTargetBox="[153,1432,194,1712]" captionTargetId="figure-19@48.[152,1433,193,1716]" captionTargetPageId="48" captionText="FIGURE 20. Parmotrema eleonomum. A: Distribution on Réunion (UTM 2×2 km grid system), lemon-yellow cell = specimens with molecular data, pale yellow cell with a cross = specimen without molecular data; B: Bioclimatic characteristics of collection sites (abbreviations and threshold values for thermotype and ombrotype horizons from Rivas-Martínez et al. 2011: 17–18); C &amp; D: Sorediate lobes with conspicuous long cilia, and soralia terminal ± subcapitate on marginal teeth or very short laciniae, or linear discontinuous on lobe margins (C: holotype, D: Masson 974.4997); E: Gross morphology of thallus (holotype). Scale bars: A = 10 km; C = 1 mm; D = 4 mm; E = 10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13217514" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13217514/files/figure.png" pageId="120" pageNumber="121">20D</figureCitation>
), or subcapitate at the tip of very short laciniae (
<figureCitation id="13682BDDFFE02F12FADBF936FA3EF923" box="[1353,1441,1714,1736]" captionStart="FIGURE 20" captionStartId="48.[136,229,1740,1762]" captionTargetBox="[153,1432,194,1712]" captionTargetId="figure-19@48.[152,1433,193,1716]" captionTargetPageId="48" captionText="FIGURE 20. Parmotrema eleonomum. A: Distribution on Réunion (UTM 2×2 km grid system), lemon-yellow cell = specimens with molecular data, pale yellow cell with a cross = specimen without molecular data; B: Bioclimatic characteristics of collection sites (abbreviations and threshold values for thermotype and ombrotype horizons from Rivas-Martínez et al. 2011: 17–18); C &amp; D: Sorediate lobes with conspicuous long cilia, and soralia terminal ± subcapitate on marginal teeth or very short laciniae, or linear discontinuous on lobe margins (C: holotype, D: Masson 974.4997); E: Gross morphology of thallus (holotype). Scale bars: A = 10 km; C = 1 mm; D = 4 mm; E = 10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13217514" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13217514/files/figure.png" pageId="120" pageNumber="121">Fig. 20C</figureCitation>
), never pustulate; upper cortex not fragile; soredia subgranulose (mean diameter &lt;45 µm) .......................................................... 40
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<keyStep id="30A72FFDFFE02F12FF1AF88DFA9EF891" pageId="120" pageNumber="121">
<paragraph id="8BEC3758FFE02F12FF1AF88DFA34F8FA" blockId="120.[136,1452,159,1909]" box="[136,1451,1800,1823]" pageId="120" pageNumber="121">
<keyLead id="30A2946DFFE02F12FF1AF88DFA34F8FA" box="[136,1451,1800,1823]" pageId="120" pageNumber="121">
40. Marginal cilia short (mean length &lt;
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) .................................................................................................... 
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFE02F12FB7BF88DFA34F8FA" box="[1257,1451,1801,1822]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Parmotrema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="120" pageNumber="121" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="brachyblepharum">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFE02F12FB7BF88DFA34F8FA" box="[1257,1451,1801,1822]" italics="true" pageId="120" pageNumber="121">P. brachyblepharum</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<keyLead id="30A2946DFFE02F12FF1AF8A2FA9EF891" pageId="120" pageNumber="121">
- Marginal cilia long (mean length&gt; 
<quantity id="4CAB9ABDFFE02F12FDBAF8A1FDECF8DF" box="[552,627,1829,1851]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="120" pageNumber="121" unit="mm" value="3.5">3.5 mm</quantity>
) ............................................................................................................... 
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFE02F12FAB7F8A2FA34F8DE" box="[1317,1451,1829,1851]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Parmotrema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="120" pageNumber="121" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="eleonomum">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFE02F12FAB7F8A2FA34F8DE" box="[1317,1451,1829,1851]" italics="true" pageId="120" pageNumber="121">P. eleonomum</emphasis>
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(two species of the 
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFE02F12FE1EF8C7FD8DF8B3" ID-CoL="4DPDF" box="[396,530,1858,1880]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Parmotrema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="120" pageNumber="121" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="subarnoldii">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFE02F12FE1EF8C7FD8DF8B3" box="[396,530,1858,1880]" italics="true" pageId="120" pageNumber="121">P. subarnoldii</emphasis>
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group, lobe margins conspicuously ciliate, upper surface emaculate or faintly punctiform white-maculate, medulla with protocetraric and protolichesterinic acids as major substances; rare species on 
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)
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</key>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>