235 lines
28 KiB
XML
235 lines
28 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="8ADEE8A8623283C506B6EBAE2ADB99C8">Revision of Nearctic Microcercis Beschovski (Diptera: Chloropidae), with Synonymy of Incertella Sabrosky</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="C95D305585B2FA548B69E79EEAF8B304">Foster, George A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="77EC3F54CCFE68DDE9CAE1BDB71AE516">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="15EEF4298316FB61965140BA306744FA">2024</mods:date>
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<subSubSection id="C37A03BCFFC11E3C7582B0D51388FF76" pageId="4" pageNumber="405" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BDF5037FFC11E3C7582B0D51388FF76" blockId="4.[151,959,151,214]" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">
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<heading id="D097E75BFFC11E3C7582B0D51227FF11" bold="true" box="[151,528,151,177]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="405" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B9148C25FFC11E3C7582B0D51227FF11" bold="true" box="[151,528,151,177]" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">
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Genus
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<taxonomicName id="4C602BB4FFC11E3C75FBB0D51227FF11" ID-CoL="89QQH" authority="Beschovski" authorityName="Beschovski" box="[238,528,151,177]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Microcercis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="405" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B9148C25FFC11E3C75FBB0D5114AFF11" bold="true" box="[238,381,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">Microcercis</emphasis>
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Beschovski
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</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:
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<uuid id="FFC66AE2FFC11E3C74BDB0F91388FF76" box="[424,959,187,214]" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">8691A5E8-49FF-4B0C-987E-74467C7968AA</uuid>
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</uri>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C37A03BCFFC11E3C7582B1431579FED4" pageId="4" pageNumber="405" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BDF5037FFC11E3C7582B1431319FE97" blockId="4.[151,1437,256,372]" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB707719FFC11E3C7582B1431319FE97" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">
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<treatmentCitation id="0AC17626FFC11E3C7582B14311C1FEB8" author="Beschovski, V. L." box="[151,502,256,280]" page="28" pageId="4" pageNumber="405" year="1978">
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<taxonomicName id="4C602BB4FFC11E3C7582B14311C1FEB8" ID-CoL="89QQH" authority="Beschovski, 1978: 28" authorityName="Beschovski" authorityPageNumber="28" authorityYear="1978" box="[151,502,256,280]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Microcercis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="405" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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||
<emphasis id="B9148C25FFC11E3C7582B1431127FEB8" box="[151,272,257,280]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">Microcercis</emphasis>
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF12DC6FFC11E3C740DB14211C1FEB8" author="Beschovski, V. L." box="[280,502,256,280]" pageId="4" pageNumber="405" pagination="21 - 120" refId="ref21821" refString="Beschovski, V. L. (1978) Subdivision of the genus Oscinella Becker, 1909 (Diptera, Chloropidae) with description of a new species. Acta zoologica bulgarica, 10, 21 - 120 + 256." type="journal article" year="1978">Beschovski, 1978: 28</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
[as subgenus of
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<taxonomicName id="4C602BB4FFC11E3C77BDB142133EFEB8" ID-CoL="63GN6" box="[680,777,256,280]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Oscinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="405" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B9148C25FFC11E3C77BDB142133EFEB8" box="[680,777,256,280]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">Oscinella</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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].
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<typeStatus id="54DBEE95FFC11E3C7635B1431365FEB9" box="[800,850,257,281]" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">Type</typeStatus>
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species:
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<taxonomicName id="4C602BB4FFC11E3C76A6B1421533FEB8" ID-CoL="92VGX" authority="Duda, 1933" authorityName="Duda" authorityYear="1933" box="[947,1284,256,280]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Oscinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="405" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="trigonella">
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<emphasis id="B9148C25FFC11E3C76A6B14214B7FEB8" box="[947,1152,256,280]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">Oscinella trigonella</emphasis>
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Duda, 1933
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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<typeStatus id="54DBEE95FFC11E3C701AB1431576FEB9" box="[1295,1345,257,281]" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">Type</typeStatus>
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locality:
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<collectingCountry id="F37710A7FFC11E3C75D2B15D1117FE97" box="[199,288,287,311]" name="Hungary" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">Hungary</collectingCountry>
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(deposited in Hungarian Natural History Museum).
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BDF5037FFC11E3C7582B17F144FFEF5" blockId="4.[151,1437,256,372]" box="[151,1144,317,342]" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB707719FFC11E3C7582B17F144FFEF5" box="[151,1144,317,342]" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">
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<treatmentCitation id="0AC17626FFC11E3C7582B17F11E5FEF6" author="Sabrosky, C. W." box="[151,466,317,342]" page="420" pageId="4" pageNumber="405" year="1980">
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<taxonomicName id="4C602BB4FFC11E3C7582B17F11E5FEF6" ID-CoL="544V" authority="Sabrosky, 1980: 420" authorityName="Sabrosky" authorityPageNumber="420" authorityYear="1980" box="[151,466,317,342]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Incertella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="405" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B9148C25FFC11E3C7582B17F10CEFEF5" box="[151,249,317,341]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">Incertella</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF12DC6FFC11E3C7415B17F11E5FEF6" author="Sabrosky, C. W." box="[256,466,317,342]" pageId="4" pageNumber="405" pagination="412 - 429" refId="ref23749" refString="Sabrosky, C. W. (1980) New genera and new combinations in Nearctic Chloropidae (Diptera). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 82 (3), 412 - 429." type="journal article" year="1980">Sabrosky, 1980: 420</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
.
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||
<typeStatus id="54DBEE95FFC11E3C74C9B17C1239FEF6" box="[476,526,318,342]" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">Type</typeStatus>
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species:
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<taxonomicName id="4C602BB4FFC11E3C777EB17F139DFEF6" ID-CoL="88TLV" authority="Becker, 1912" authorityName="Becker" authorityYear="1912" box="[619,938,317,342]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Oscinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="405" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="incerta">
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<emphasis id="B9148C25FFC11E3C777EB17F132DFEF5" box="[619,794,317,341]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">Oscinella incerta</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF12DC6FFC11E3C7635B17F139DFEF6" author="Becker, T." box="[800,938,317,342]" pageId="4" pageNumber="405" pagination="21 - 256" refId="ref21786" refString="Becker, T. (1912) Chloropidae. Eine Monographische Studie. IV. Teil. Nearktische Region. Annales Musei nationalis hungarica, 10, 21 - 256, taf. I." type="journal article" year="1912">Becker, 1912</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
.
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<emphasis id="B9148C25FFC11E3C76A6B17C144FFEF5" bold="true" box="[947,1144,317,342]" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">NEW SYNONYM</emphasis>
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8BDF5037FFC11E3C7582B11E1579FED4" blockId="4.[151,1437,256,372]" box="[151,1358,348,372]" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB707719FFC11E3C7582B11E1579FED4" box="[151,1358,348,372]" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C602BB4FFC11E3C7582B11E10CEFED4" ID-CoL="544V" authorityName="Sabrosky" authorityYear="1980" box="[151,249,348,372]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Incertella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="405" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B9148C25FFC11E3C7582B11E10CEFED4" box="[151,249,348,372]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">Incertella</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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:
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<treatmentCitation id="0AC17626FFC11E3C7412B11E123FFED4" author="Beschovski, V. L." box="[263,520,348,372]" page="59" pageId="4" pageNumber="405" year="1981">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF12DC6FFC11E3C7412B11E123FFED4" author="Beschovski, V. L." box="[263,520,348,372]" pageId="4" pageNumber="405" pagination="59 - 61" refId="ref21862" refString="Beschovski, V. L. (1981) On the systematic status of Oscinella (Microcercis) trigonella Duda, 1933. Reichenbachia, 19, 59 - 61." type="journal article" year="1981">Beschovski, 1981: 59–61</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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[
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<taxonomicName id="4C602BB4FFC11E3C7702B11F12CDFED4" ID-CoL="9HKS7" authorityName="" baseAuthorityName="Duda" baseAuthorityYear="1933" box="[535,762,348,372]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Microcercis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="405" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="trigonella">
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<emphasis id="B9148C25FFC11E3C7702B11F12CDFED4" box="[535,762,348,372]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">Microcercis trigonella</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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moved to
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<taxonomicName id="4C602BB4FFC11E3C7670B11E13F0FED4" ID-CoL="544V" authorityName="Sabrosky" authorityYear="1980" box="[869,967,348,372]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Incertella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="405" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B9148C25FFC11E3C7670B11E13F0FED4" box="[869,967,348,372]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">Incertella</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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as subgenus; incorrect name priority].
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C37A03BCFFC11E3C7582B1E014BCFC14" pageId="4" pageNumber="405" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8BDF5037FFC11E3C7582B1E014BCFC14" blockId="4.[151,1437,418,2029]" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">
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Generic Diagnosis.—
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<emphasis id="B9148C25FFC11E3C749CB1E011FAFE1C" box="[393,461,418,444]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">Head.</emphasis>
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Ocellar triangle nearly as wide as the vertex, half, or less the length of the frons, entirely tomentose or partially to entirely polished; frons yellow in species with fully tomentose ocellar triangle, black in species with polished triangle, frons with row of four or five fine orbital setae and many scattered short frontal setulae centrally, a row of fine setae on margin of ocellar triangle (fig. 5); postpedicel often angulate anterodorsally; facial carina triangulate between antennal bases (fig. 2), narrowing ventrally, reaching half height of face; face matte, with multiple minute papillae (fig. 3); eye with short, dense ommatrichia (fig. 4).
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<emphasis id="B9148C25FFC11E3C7198B21414D1FDD0" box="[1165,1254,598,624]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">Thorax.</emphasis>
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Scutum evenly, densely tomentose or polished, with setae in irregular to regular rows; scutellum tomentose, pleuron black, gray or yellow, with variable patterns of tomentum and color; one or two pairs laterally directed scapular setae between postpronotal lobes present (in
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<taxonomicName id="4C602BB4FFC11E3C74EDB2811244FD7C" authorityName="Foster" authorityYear="2024" baseAuthorityName="Malloch" baseAuthorityYear="2024" box="[504,627,706,732]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Microcercis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="405" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bispina">
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<emphasis id="B9148C25FFC11E3C74EDB2811244FD7C" box="[504,627,706,732]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">M. bispina</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="4C602BB4FFC11E3C77A4B2811318FD7C" authorityName="Foster" authorityYear="2024" baseAuthorityName="Foster" baseAuthorityYear="2024" box="[689,815,706,732]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Microcercis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="405" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dorsata">
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<emphasis id="B9148C25FFC11E3C77A4B2811318FD7C" box="[689,815,706,732]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">M. dorsata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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only) or absent (fig. 7); one anterior and one or two posterior notopleural setae, dorsal posterior setula, if present, usually weak; one appressed dorsally directed ventral proepisternal seta (fig. 8); mid femoral organ about 20μm long, consisting of one or two tightly spaced rows of short warts, variable in number, each with a short, thick, sometimes flattened seta (as in figs. 9–11); first tarsomere of the hind leg with two to four ventral setae at base that are longer than the other ventral setae.
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<emphasis id="B9148C25FFC11E3C718FB310153BFCCC" box="[1178,1292,850,876]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">Abdomen.</emphasis>
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Cerci small, most often triangular, quadrate, or nearly absent, widely separated; surstylus short, variously shaped but most often parallel sided with angulate or spatulate tip; hypandrium closed; female terminalia simple.
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C37A03BCFFC11E3C75D2B3FC1382F84C" pageId="4" pageNumber="405" type="discussion">
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||
<paragraph id="8BDF5037FFC11E3C75D2B3FC1561FB75" blockId="4.[151,1437,418,2029]" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">
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Discussion.—The tomentum of Nearctic
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<taxonomicName id="4C602BB4FFC11E3C778DB3FD1340FC78" box="[664,887,958,984]" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">
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||
<emphasis id="B9148C25FFC11E3C778DB3FD132AFC78" box="[664,797,959,984]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">Microcercis</emphasis>
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species
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</taxonomicName>
|
||
has been variously characterized over the years, usually as heavily pollinose, as under a light microscope it can appear to consist of a dense mat of compact wool-like material. SEM micrographs (fig. 1) show that it consists of dense tomentum that occurs on smooth integument with no punctures or depressions at the base. The tomentum is consistent in length and diameter wherever it occurs on the body and is the same between all species. The tomentum is reclinate and generally measures about 12 μm.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF12DC6FFC11E3C7039B40C1168FB2C" author="Cumming, J. M. & Wood, D. M." pageId="4" pageNumber="405" pagination="89 - 133" refId="ref22179" refString="Cumming, J. M. & Wood, D. M. (2017) 4. Adult Morphology and Terminology. In: Kirk-Spriggs, A. H. & Sinclair, B. J. (Eds.), Manual of Afrotropical Diptera, Vol. 1. Introductory Chapters and Keys to Diptera Families. Suricata 4. South African Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria, pp. 89 - 133." type="book chapter" year="2017">Cumming and Wood (2017)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
differentiate pruinosity as being “dust-like” and tomentum as being “pubescent”. While some chloropid genera clearly show a “dust-like” surface of the integument, the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C602BB4FFC11E3C76C6B4D51487FB10" box="[979,1200,1174,1200]" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9148C25FFC11E3C76C6B4D5146FFB10" box="[979,1112,1175,1200]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">Microcercis</emphasis>
|
||
species
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
treated herein have a distinct pubescence while others, such as the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54DBEE95FFC11E3C7787B4F912F5FB75" box="[658,706,1211,1237]" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">type</typeStatus>
|
||
species
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C602BB4FFC11E3C7634B4F91382FB74" authorityName="" baseAuthorityName="Duda" baseAuthorityYear="1933" box="[801,949,1210,1236]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Microcercis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="405" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="trigonella">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9148C25FFC11E3C7634B4F91382FB74" box="[801,949,1210,1236]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">M. trigonella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have a polished triangle and scutum.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDF5037FFC11E3C75D2B49C1141FA28" blockId="4.[151,1437,418,2029]" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">
|
||
SEM micrographs of the frons of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C602BB4FFC11E3C7758B49D12E5FB58" box="[589,722,1247,1272]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Microcercis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="405" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9148C25FFC11E3C7758B49D12E5FB58" box="[589,722,1247,1272]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">Microcercis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(figs. 2, 5) reveal a similar lamellate pattern to that shown by SEM micrographs by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF12DC6FFC11E3C748DB540127AFABC" author="Riccardi, R. R." box="[408,589,1282,1308]" pageId="4" pageNumber="405" pagination="129 - 140" refId="ref23509" refString="Riccardi, R. R. (2020) Taxonomic revision of the genus Chaethippus Duda, 1930 (Diptera: Chloropidae) with the description of four species. Zootaxa, 4802 (1), 129 - 140. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4802.1.8" type="journal article" year="2020">Riccardi (2020)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C602BB4FFC11E3C7797B5401393FABC" authority="Duda, 1930" authorityName="Duda" authorityYear="1930" box="[642,932,1282,1308]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Chaethippus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="405" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9148C25FFC11E3C7797B5401327FABC" box="[642,784,1282,1308]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">Chaethippus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF12DC6FFC11E3C760FB5401393FABC" author="Duda, O." box="[794,932,1282,1308]" pageId="4" pageNumber="405" pagination="46 - 128" refId="ref22354" refString="Duda, O. (1930) Die neotropischen Chloropiden (Dipt.). Folia Zoologica et Hydrobiologica, 2, 46 - 128." type="journal article" year="1930">Duda, 1930</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, a Neotropical genus. However, the setulae on the dorsal edges of the lamellae in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C602BB4FFC11E3C775BB56412EBFAE0" authorityName="Duda" authorityYear="1930" box="[590,732,1318,1344]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Chaethippus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="405" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9148C25FFC11E3C775BB56412EBFAE0" box="[590,732,1318,1344]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">Chaethippus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
occur on spine-like extensions which she notes are unique to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C602BB4FFC11E3C7582B5081112FAC4" authorityName="Duda" authorityYear="1930" box="[151,293,1354,1380]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Chaethippus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="405" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9148C25FFC11E3C7582B5081112FAC4" box="[151,293,1354,1380]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">Chaethippus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Further analysis of this character in other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C602BB4FFC11E3C7616B50813BAFAC4" box="[771,909,1354,1380]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="405" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Chloropidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
might reveal whether or not this character is of generic importance.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDF5037FFC11E3C75D2B5D014F5F908" blockId="4.[151,1437,418,2029]" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">
|
||
Males of many species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C602BB4FFC11E3C74E0B5D012B6FA0C" authorityName="Becker" authorityYear="1910" box="[501,641,1426,1452]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="405" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Oscinellinae">Oscinellinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
have one or two short rows, or a cluster, of setae on the anterodorsal surface of the mid femora (figs. 9–11).
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF12DC6FFC11E3C7753B5F512EDFA71" author="Ismay, J. W." box="[582,730,1462,1489]" pageId="4" pageNumber="405" pagination="21 - 25" refId="ref22673" refString="Ismay, J. W. (1975) Femoral combs - a secondary sexual character in British Oscinellinae (Diptera: Chloropidae). Journal of Entomology, Series B, Taxonomy, 44 (1), 21 - 25. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 3113.1975. tb 00003. x" type="journal article" year="1975">Ismay (1975)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
provided an analysis of the morphology and possible biological functions of the mid femoral organ (“femoral combs”) of British species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C602BB4FFC11E3C711EB59814ACFA54" authorityName="Becker" authorityYear="1910" box="[1035,1179,1498,1524]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="405" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Oscinellinae">Oscinellinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The illustrations, like those of
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF12DC6FFC11E3C75E0B5BC11F7F9B8" author="Andersson, H." box="[245,448,1534,1560]" pageId="4" pageNumber="405" pagination="1 - 200" refId="ref21642" refString="Andersson, H. (1977) Taxonomic and phylogenetic studies on Chloropidae (Diptera) with special reference to Old World genera. Entomologica scandinavica Supplementum, 8, 1 - 200." type="journal article" year="1977">Andersson (1977)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF12DC6FFC11E3C74D9B5BC1318F9B8" author="Nartshuk, E. P. & Andersson, H." box="[460,815,1534,1560]" pageId="4" pageNumber="405" pagination="1 - 282" refId="ref23305" refString="Nartshuk, E. P. & Andersson, H. (2013) The frit flies (Chloropidae, Diptera) of Fennoscandia and Denmark. In: Kristensen, N. P. & Michelsen, V. (Eds.), Fauna entomologica scandinavica. Vol. 43. Koninklijke Brill N. V., Leiden, pp. i - vi + 1 - 282 pp. [2012] https: // doi. org / 10.1163 / 9789004190665 _ 002" type="book chapter" year="2013">Nartshuk and Andersson (2013)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF12DC6FFC11E3C7670B5BC1422F9B8" author="Riccardi, R. R." box="[869,1045,1534,1560]" pageId="4" pageNumber="405" pagination="129 - 140" refId="ref23509" refString="Riccardi, R. R. (2020) Taxonomic revision of the genus Chaethippus Duda, 1930 (Diptera: Chloropidae) with the description of four species. Zootaxa, 4802 (1), 129 - 140. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4802.1.8" type="journal article" year="2020">Riccardi (2020)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
show the setae to be minute, short, straight spicules, often mounted on short, thick warts. SEM images of the femoral organ of the Nearctic
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C602BB4FFC11E3C7002B66110DFF9C0" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9148C25FFC11E3C7002B66115ABF99C" box="[1303,1436,1571,1596]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">Microcercis</emphasis>
|
||
species
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
show that the setae positioned on top of the short, thick warts can be much thicker, rounded and sometimes flatter than previous illustrations indicate. There may be one or two rows, or a cluster of these structures depending on the species. Occasionally, lateral to the thick setae, there are a few that are tear-drop shaped.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDF5037FFC11E3C75D2B6F012D8F8B4" blockId="4.[151,1437,418,2029]" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">
|
||
Species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C602BB4FFC11E3C7452B6F111FBF96C" box="[327,460,1715,1740]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Microcercis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="405" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9148C25FFC11E3C7452B6F111FBF96C" box="[327,460,1715,1740]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">Microcercis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have a conspicuous subscutellum (fig. 6). A survey of other genera of the subfamily
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C602BB4FFC11E3C7582B6941114F950" authorityName="Becker" authorityYear="1910" box="[151,291,1750,1776]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="405" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Oscinellinae">Oscinellinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
shows that this feature is common in the subfamily. There seems to be no mention of this feature in available manuals of the world-wide chloropid fauna.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDF5037FFC11E3C75D2B75D12E3F820" blockId="4.[151,1437,418,2029]" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">I have found little or no intraspecies variation in the pattern of tomentum on the lateral surfaces of the thorax, and it is generally a more reliable taxonomic character than color. Body and leg color can vary from very lightly colored to much darker forms within some species.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDF5037FFC11E3C75D2B7C81382F84C" blockId="4.[151,1437,418,2029]" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">
|
||
Among Nearctic
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C602BB4FFC11E3C7492B7C91253F804" box="[391,612,1930,1956]" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9148C25FFC11E3C7492B7C9123BF804" box="[391,524,1931,1956]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">Microcercis</emphasis>
|
||
species
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
the male genitalia show significant similarities in having short, triangular or quadrate, sometimes difficult to discern, widely separated cerci and short surstyli that vary from simple, spatulate structures to having tooth-like medial extensions or a pointed distal tip.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |