treatments-xml/data/03/B8/87/03B8879EAB061E0E26F7E7B8FC83FCB1.xml

<document id="0301E3A8BD769AC98F192C8C10C3D069" ID-DOI="10.1590/1982-0224-2023-0012" ID-ISSN="1982-0224" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13326894" IM.bibliography_requiresApprovalFor="GgImagineBatch" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="guilherme" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="GgImagineBatch" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="guilherme" checkinTime="1720672672146" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Carvalho, Tiago P. &amp; Albert, James S." docDate="2023" docId="03B8879EAB061E0E26F7E7B8FC83FCB1" docLanguage="en" docName="NeotropIchthyol.21.4.e230012.pdf" docOrigin="Neotropical Ichthyology (e 230012) 21 (4)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1982-0224-2023-0012" docStyle="DocumentStyle:FC0C3FD10650AF21F8DA93D98D275823.3:NeotropIchthyol.2020-.journal_article" docStyleId="FC0C3FD10650AF21F8DA93D98D275823" docStyleName="NeotropIchthyol.2020-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Rhamphichthys apurensis" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="14" masterDocId="FF81FFE6AB0C1E1E2469E43BFFCDFFE1" masterDocTitle="A taxonomic review of the Neotropical electric fish Rhamphichthys (Gymnotiformes: Rhamphichthyidae)" masterLastPageNumber="76" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="11" updateTime="1723728811010" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:title id="71BBDEDFB1FCFCCD7E9E7F9722E6C9DB">A taxonomic review of the Neotropical electric fish Rhamphichthys (Gymnotiformes: Rhamphichthyidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="63714650C5B2A7BCB3F696161C963DF7">Carvalho, Tiago P.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="9D4A915FECC1A937387B9AE901A7CCE8">Albert, James S.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="762C39D040107A4F144CA513BCA2B7AC">University of Louisiana at Lafayette, Department of Biology, P. O. Box 42451, Lafayette, LA 70504, USA. jalbert @ louisiana. edu.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="F4BCA49B265967BAB7FA0DC45D7FB4BC">Neotropical Ichthyology</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="FA901BB0ACFC893BBB169FF1764D0454">2023</mods:date>
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<subSubSection id="C30B6503AB061E1426F7E7B8FB30FC7A" box="[670,1277,899,923]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BAE3688AB061E1426F7E7B8FB30FC7A" blockId="10.[670,1277,899,923]" box="[670,1277,899,923]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<heading id="D0E681E4AB061E1426F7E7B8FB30FC7A" box="[670,1277,899,923]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" reason="2">
<taxonomicName id="4C114D0BAB061E1426F7E7B8FB30FC7A" ID-CoL="4S2H5" authority="(Fernandez-Yepez, 1968)" baseAuthorityName="Fernandez-Yepez" baseAuthorityYear="1968" box="[670,1277,899,923]" family="Rhamphichthyidae" genus="Rhamphichthys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gymnotiformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="apurensis">
<emphasis id="B965EA9AAB061E1426F7E7B8FC14FC7A" bold="true" box="[670,985,899,923]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Rhamphichthys apurensis</emphasis>
(Fernández-Yepéz, 1968)
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C30B6503AB061E142739E7F5FBA7FB9B" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BAE3688AB061E142739E7F5FB87FC07" blockId="10.[848,1098,974,998]" box="[848,1098,974,998]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
(
<figureCitation id="132A2A0DAB061E142731E7F5FC73FC07" box="[856,958,974,998]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 4" captionStart-1="FIGURE 5" captionStart-2="FIGURE 6" captionStartId-0="11.[488,561,1612,1632]" captionStartId-1="12.[488,561,716,736]" captionStartId-2="13.[488,561,1462,1482]" captionTargetBox-0="[488,1459,1045,1590]" captionTargetBox-1="[488,1459,193,693]" captionTargetBox-2="[488,1459,992,1442]" captionTargetId-0="figure-267@11.[488,1459,1045,1590]" captionTargetId-1="figure-44@12.[488,1459,193,693]" captionTargetId-2="figure-237@13.[488,1459,992,1442]" captionTargetPageId-0="11" captionTargetPageId-1="12" captionTargetPageId-2="13" captionText-0="FIGURE 4 | Rhamphichthys apurensis, ANSP 166484, 390 mm LEA, Laguna Mamo at Nuevo Mamo, Anzoátegui, Venezuela." captionText-1="FIGURE 5 | Detail of the head of Rhamphichthys apurensis, ANSP 166484, 390 mm LEA, Laguna Mamo at Nuevo Mamo, Anzoátegui, Venezuela." captionText-2="FIGURE 6 | Rhamphichthys apurensis, ANSP 160251, 248 mm LEA, Río Guariquito at confluence of Río Orinoco, Bolívar, Venezuela." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13326902" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13326904" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13326906" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/13326902/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/13326904/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/13326906/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Figs. 4-6</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="132A2A0DAB061E1427A3E7F5FC23FC07" box="[970,1006,974,998]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="14.[136,209,1126,1146]" captionTargetBox="[488,1459,212,1889]" captionTargetId="figure-21@14.[488,1459,212,1889]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 7 | Coloration pattern of the lateral portion of body at about midlenght of LEA in Rhamphichthys. A. Rhamphichthys apurensis, ANSP 162300, 390 mm LEA. B. Rhamphichthys drepanium from Orinoco Basin, ANSP 181071, 320 mm LEA. C. Rhamphichthys drepanium, INPA 17682, 375 mm LEA. D. Rhamphichthys hahni, MZUSP 59297, 355 mm LEA. E. Rhamphichthys lineatus, MCP 26374, 340 mm LEA. F. Rhamphichhtys pantherinus, MCP 24814, 405 mm LEA. G. Rhamphichthys rostratus, ANSP 187120, 520 mm LEA. H. Rhamphichthys heleios, INPA 42308, 335 mm LEA. Anterior portion towards left." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13326908" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13326908/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">7A</figureCitation>
; 
<tableCitation id="C6930333AB061E142790E7F5FB8CFC07" box="[1017,1089,974,998]" captionStart="TABLE 3" captionStartId="12.[488,550,865,885]" captionText="TABLE 3 | Morphometric and meristic of Rhamphichthys apurensis. SD = standard deviation, n = number of specimens." pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Tab. 3</tableCitation>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAE3688AB061E142581E027FBA7FB9B" blockId="10.[488,1460,1052,1482]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<taxonomicName id="4C114D0BAB061E142581E027FC20FBCE" authority="Fernandez-Yepez, 1968: 5" authorityName="Fernandez-Yepez" authorityPageNumber="5" authorityYear="1968" box="[488,1005,1052,1071]" family="Rhamphichthyidae" genus="Gymnorhamphichthys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gymnotiformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="apurensis">
<emphasis id="B965EA9AAB061E142581E027FD3AFBCE" box="[488,759,1052,1071]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Gymnorhamphichthys apurensis</emphasis>
Fernández-Yepéz, 1968:5
</taxonomicName>
(original description, type-locality: Río Bucaral (Paso Don Pancho), tributary to Río 
<collectingRegion id="49D5F86AAB061E14270FE079FC6DFBB4" box="[870,928,1090,1109]" country="Venezuela" name="Apure" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Apure</collectingRegion>
, Orinoco basin, 
<collectingCountry id="F3067618AB061E142056E07AFB52FBB5" box="[1087,1183,1089,1108]" name="Venezuela" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
). —Nijssen 
<emphasis id="B965EA9AAB061E142166E079FAFBFBB5" box="[1295,1334,1089,1108]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">et al</emphasis>
., 1976:60–61 (comments on species validity). —Provenzano 
<emphasis id="B965EA9AAB061E1427CEE05CFC07FB9B" box="[935,970,1127,1146]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">et al</emphasis>
., 1998:10 (listed).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30B6503AB061E142581E0B7FBBEFA2B" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BAE3688AB061E142581E0B7FBBEFA2B" blockId="10.[488,1460,1052,1482]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<taxonomicName id="4C114D0BAB061E142581E0B7FC66FB7E" ID-CoL="4S2H5" authority="(Fernandez-Yepez, 1968)" baseAuthorityName="Fernandez-Yepez" baseAuthorityYear="1968" box="[488,939,1164,1183]" family="Rhamphichthyidae" genus="Rhamphichthys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gymnotiformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="apurensis">
<emphasis id="B965EA9AAB061E142581E0B7FD71FB7E" box="[488,700,1164,1183]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Rhamphichthys apurensis</emphasis>
(Fernández-Yepéz, 1968)
</taxonomicName>
. —Schwassmann, 1989:166 (new combination). —Mago-Leccia, 1994:42, fig. 62 (listed and illustrated). —Triques, 1994:109 (diagnosed). —Triques, 1999:1 (examined). — 
<bibRefCitation id="EF804B79AB061E1426FAE0ECFCE1FB0B" author="Albert JS" box="[659,812,1239,1258]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="1 - 127" refId="ref32360" refString="• Albert JS. 2001. Species diversity and phylogenetic systematics of American knifefishes (Gymnotiformes, Teleostei). Misc publ Mus Zool Univ Mich. 2001; 190: 1 - 127. Available from: https: // deepblue. lib. umich. edu / handle / 2027.42 / 56433" type="journal article" year="2001">Albert, 2001:124</bibRefCitation>
(examined and listed). —Ferraris, 2003:495 (listed). —Maldonado-Ocampo, 
<bibRefCitation id="EF804B79AB061E142636E0C7FD1DFAEE" author="Albert JS &amp; Crampton WGR" box="[607,720,1276,1295]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="1 - 54" refId="ref32476" refString="• Albert JS, Crampton WGR. Seven new species of the Neotropical electric fish Gymnotus (Teleostei, Gymnotiformes) with a redescription of G. carapo (Linnaeus). Zootaxa. 2003; 287 (1): 1 - 54. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 287.1.1" type="journal article" year="2003">Albert, 2003</bibRefCitation>
: tab. 2 (listed). —Lasso 
<emphasis id="B965EA9AAB061E1427F5E0C6FC72FAEE" box="[924,959,1276,1295]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">et al</emphasis>
., 2004:141 (listed). —Machado-Allison, 2006:26 (listed). —Vari 
<emphasis id="B965EA9AAB061E14262DE119FDAAFAD5" box="[580,615,1313,1332]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">et al</emphasis>
., 2009:46 (listed). — 
<bibRefCitation id="EF804B79AB061E14274BE11AFBC8FAD5" author="Carvalho TP &amp; Albert JS" box="[802,1029,1313,1332]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="34 - 41" refId="ref33311" refString="• Carvalho TP, Albert JS. A new species of Rhamphichthys (Gymnotiformes: Rhamphichthyidae) from the Amazon basin. Copeia. 2015; 103 (1): 34 - 41. https: // doi. org / 10.1643 / CI- 14 - 066" type="journal article" year="2015">Carvalho, Albert, 2015:40</bibRefCitation>
(comparative material examined). —Tagliacollo 
<emphasis id="B965EA9AAB061E14266FE17CFDE5FABB" box="[518,552,1351,1370]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">et al</emphasis>
., 2016:29, fig. 5 (phylogenetic relationships). —Ferraris 
<emphasis id="B965EA9AAB061E142070E17CFBF1FABB" box="[1049,1084,1351,1370]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">et al</emphasis>
., 2017:28 (listed). —DoNascimiento 
<emphasis id="B965EA9AAB061E1421ECE17CFA65FABB" box="[1413,1448,1351,1370]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">et al</emphasis>
., 2017:66 (listed). —Urbano-Bonilla 
<emphasis id="B965EA9AAB061E14272AE156FCAAFA9E" box="[835,871,1388,1407]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">et al</emphasis>
., 2018:73 (listed, included in key). —Giora, Carvalho, 2018:1060 (accessory electric organ anatomy). — 
<bibRefCitation id="EF804B79AB061E142733E1AAFC24FA44" author="Alda F &amp; Tagliacollo VA &amp; Bernt MJ &amp; Waltz BT &amp; Ludt WB &amp; Faircloth BC" box="[858,1001,1425,1445]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="573 - 93" refId="ref32578" refString="• Alda F, Tagliacollo VA, Bernt MJ, Waltz BT, Ludt WB, Faircloth BC et al. Resolving deep nodes in an ancient radiation of neotropical fishes in the presence of conflicting signals from incomplete lineage sorting. Sys Bio. 2018; 68 (4): 573 - 93. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / sysbio / syy 085" type="journal article" year="2018">
Alda 
<emphasis id="B965EA9AAB061E1427EEE1A9FC67FA45" box="[903,938,1425,1444]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">et al</emphasis>
., 2018
</bibRefCitation>
: tab. 1, fig. 2 (phylogenetic relationships). —Janzen 
<emphasis id="B965EA9AAB061E14266FE18CFDE4FA2B" box="[518,553,1463,1482]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">et al</emphasis>
., 2022: tab. 1 (barcode library). —Taphorn 
<emphasis id="B965EA9AAB061E1427D9E18CFC1EFA2B" box="[944,979,1463,1482]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">et al</emphasis>
., 2022:40 (listed).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30B6503AB061E14266FE1C5FD0EF86A" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BAE3688AB061E14266FE1C5FA7EF9F7" blockId="10.[487,1461,1534,1931]" box="[518,1459,1534,1558]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<emphasis id="B965EA9AAB061E14266FE1C5FD4BF9F7" bold="true" box="[518,646,1534,1558]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C114D0BAB061E1426FCE1C5FC68F9F7" baseAuthorityName="Fernandez-Yepez" baseAuthorityYear="1968" box="[661,933,1534,1558]" family="Rhamphichthyidae" genus="Rhamphichthys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gymnotiformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="apurensis">
<emphasis id="B965EA9AAB061E1426FCE1C5FC68F9F7" box="[661,933,1534,1558]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Rhamphichthys apurensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs from its congeners, except from 
<taxonomicName id="4C114D0BAB061E1421F2E1C4FA7EF9F7" box="[1435,1459,1535,1558]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<emphasis id="B965EA9AAB061E1421F2E1C4FA7EF9F7" box="[1435,1459,1535,1558]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">R.</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAE3688AB061E142581E21FFD0EF86A" blockId="10.[487,1461,1534,1931]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<emphasis id="B965EA9AAB061E142581E21FFDF2F9DA" box="[488,575,1572,1595]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">rostratus</emphasis>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C114D0BAB061E14261DE21FFCC7F9DA" authorityName="Castelnau" authorityYear="1855" box="[628,778,1571,1595]" family="Rhamphichthyidae" genus="Rhamphichthys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gymnotiformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pantherinus">
<emphasis id="B965EA9AAB061E14261DE21FFCC7F9DA" box="[628,778,1571,1595]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">R. pantherinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by the larger snout (58.4–63.7% of HL; 
<figureCitation id="132A2A0DAB061E1420A3E218FAD8F9DA" box="[1226,1301,1571,1595]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="12.[488,561,716,736]" captionTargetBox="[488,1459,193,693]" captionTargetId="figure-44@12.[488,1459,193,693]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 5 | Detail of the head of Rhamphichthys apurensis, ANSP 166484, 390 mm LEA, Laguna Mamo at Nuevo Mamo, Anzoátegui, Venezuela." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13326904" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13326904/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Figs. 5</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="132A2A0DAB061E142149E218FAE2F9DA" box="[1312,1327,1571,1595]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="14.[136,209,1126,1146]" captionTargetBox="[488,1459,212,1889]" captionTargetId="figure-21@14.[488,1459,212,1889]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 7 | Coloration pattern of the lateral portion of body at about midlenght of LEA in Rhamphichthys. A. Rhamphichthys apurensis, ANSP 162300, 390 mm LEA. B. Rhamphichthys drepanium from Orinoco Basin, ANSP 181071, 320 mm LEA. C. Rhamphichthys drepanium, INPA 17682, 375 mm LEA. D. Rhamphichthys hahni, MZUSP 59297, 355 mm LEA. E. Rhamphichthys lineatus, MCP 26374, 340 mm LEA. F. Rhamphichhtys pantherinus, MCP 24814, 405 mm LEA. G. Rhamphichthys rostratus, ANSP 187120, 520 mm LEA. H. Rhamphichthys heleios, INPA 42308, 335 mm LEA. Anterior portion towards left." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13326908" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13326908/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">7</figureCitation>
), 
<emphasis id="B965EA9AAB061E14212AE21FFA95F9DA" box="[1347,1368,1572,1595]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">vs</emphasis>
. shorter snout (46.4–59.1% of HL); larger caudal appendage (23.2–36.8% of LEA), 
<emphasis id="B965EA9AAB061E142129E272FA98F981" box="[1344,1365,1609,1632]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">vs</emphasis>
. shorter caudal appendage (5.8–20.3% of LEA). 
<taxonomicName id="4C114D0BAB061E1427CAE255FB67F967" baseAuthorityName="Fernandez-Yepez" baseAuthorityYear="1968" box="[931,1194,1646,1670]" family="Rhamphichthyidae" genus="Rhamphichthys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gymnotiformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="apurensis">
<emphasis id="B965EA9AAB061E1427CAE255FB67F967" box="[931,1194,1646,1670]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Rhamphichthys apurensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs from 
<taxonomicName id="4C114D0BAB061E142152E254FA7EF967" box="[1339,1459,1646,1670]" family="Rhamphichthyidae" genus="Rhamphichthys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gymnotiformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rostratus">
<emphasis id="B965EA9AAB061E142152E254FA82F967" box="[1339,1359,1647,1670]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">R</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="B965EA9AAB061E142135E254FA7EF967" box="[1372,1459,1647,1670]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">rostratus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by having a lower number of caudal vertebrae to end of anal fin (106–109), 
<emphasis id="B965EA9AAB061E14212FE2AFFA96F94A" box="[1350,1371,1684,1707]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">vs</emphasis>
. higher number of caudal fin vertebrae (109–115; rarely 109); and by having a clear anal fin membrane, 
<emphasis id="B965EA9AAB061E142618E2E4FD46F917" box="[625,651,1759,1782]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">vs.</emphasis>
anal fin membrane usually distally pigmented forming a longitudinal dark stripe. 
<taxonomicName id="4C114D0BAB061E142607E338FCB5F8FA" baseAuthorityName="Fernandez-Yepez" baseAuthorityYear="1968" box="[622,888,1795,1819]" family="Rhamphichthyidae" genus="Rhamphichthys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gymnotiformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="apurensis">
<emphasis id="B965EA9AAB061E142607E338FCB5F8FA" box="[622,888,1795,1819]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Rhamphichthys apurensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs from 
<taxonomicName id="4C114D0BAB061E142064E33FFB64F8FA" authorityName="Castelnau" authorityYear="1855" box="[1037,1193,1795,1819]" family="Rhamphichthyidae" genus="Rhamphichthys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gymnotiformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pantherinus">
<emphasis id="B965EA9AAB061E142064E33FFBECF8FA" box="[1037,1057,1796,1819]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">R</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="B965EA9AAB061E142058E338FB64F8FA" box="[1073,1193,1795,1819]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">pantherinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by the relatively larger snout (58.4–63.7% of HL), 
<emphasis id="B965EA9AAB061E142745E312FC8CF8A1" box="[812,833,1833,1856]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">vs</emphasis>
. shorter snout (51.4–59.1% of HL); and by the large number of caudal vertebrae to end of anal fin (101–109), 
<emphasis id="B965EA9AAB061E142015E374FB5CF887" box="[1148,1169,1871,1894]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">vs</emphasis>
. lower number of caudal vertebrae (91–100).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30B6503AB071E13266FE485FAD5FCE7" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="14" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BAE3688AB071E15266FE485FD19FD77" blockId="11.[487,1460,190,960]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<emphasis id="B965EA9AAB071E15266FE485FD51FF37" bold="true" box="[518,668,190,214]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Description.</emphasis>
Morphometrics and meristics given in 
<tableCitation id="C6930333AB071E1520E3E485FB13FF37" box="[1162,1246,190,214]" captionStart="TABLE 3" captionStartId="12.[488,550,865,885]" captionText="TABLE 3 | Morphometric and meristic of Rhamphichthys apurensis. SD = standard deviation, n = number of specimens." pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Tab. 3</tableCitation>
. Adult body size moderate to large as compared with other congeners, maximum size 
<quantity id="4CE99B6DAB071E152167E4D8FAA3FF1A" box="[1294,1390,227,251]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.2" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" unit="mm" value="520.0">520 mm</quantity>
LEA. Mouth subterminal. Snout relatively long, more than half of head length (
<figureCitation id="132A2A0DAB071E152134E533FA68FEC1" box="[1373,1445,264,288]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="12.[488,561,716,736]" captionTargetBox="[488,1459,193,693]" captionTargetId="figure-44@12.[488,1459,193,693]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 5 | Detail of the head of Rhamphichthys apurensis, ANSP 166484, 390 mm LEA, Laguna Mamo at Nuevo Mamo, Anzoátegui, Venezuela." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13326904" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13326904/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
). Dorsal profile of snout strongly concave in front of eye, head profile slightly convex posteriorly. Anterior nares positioned terminally, posterior nares located closer to snout than eyes, at about one fourth of head length. Body profile almost straight to slightly concave dorsally. Ventral body profile slightly concave from anal–fin origin to end of anal fin. Greatest body depth slightly posterior to end of body cavity. Body tapering posterior to mid body. Eyes relatively large and positioned laterally, about seven times contained in postorbital length. Urogenital papilla developed and anteriorly positioned below eyes in specimens larger than 
<quantity id="4CE99B6DAB071E1527E1E608FC2BFDAA" box="[904,998,563,587]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.8" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" unit="mm" value="480.0">480 mm</quantity>
LEA. Urogenital papilla relatively small. Posterior gas bladder absent. Caudal appendage laterally compressed, its depth about three times its width.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAE3688AB071E15266FE698FD90FC21" blockId="11.[487,1460,190,960]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Body entirely covered by scales in adults, anterior and dorsal areas naked in juveniles. Scales cycloid elongate in shape posteriorly, length twice as depth. Lateral line complete with ossified tubules, anterior portion with ventral rami. Pectoral fin with 18–21 (mode 19) rays, dorsal rays longer than ventral rays, distal fin margin slightly rounded. Anal fin with 347–417 (median 403) rays. Anal-fin origin at vertical with anterior portion of opercle. Unbranched anterior anal–fin rays 23–42. Precaudal vertebrae 18–29. Vertebrae to end of anal fin 101–109. Displaced hemal spines 16 (n = 1). Sexual dimorphism unknown.</paragraph>
<caption id="DF6E6600AB071E152581E277FD09F964" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13326902" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13326902" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13326902/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" startId="11.[488,561,1612,1632]" targetBox="[488,1459,1045,1590]" targetPageId="11" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BAE3688AB071E152581E277FD09F964" blockId="11.[488,1459,1612,1669]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<emphasis id="B965EA9AAB071E152581E277FD92F981" bold="true" box="[488,607,1612,1632]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">FIGURE 4 |</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C114D0BAB071E152600E277FC5FF981" authority=", ANSP" authorityName="ANSP" box="[617,914,1612,1632]" family="Rhamphichthyidae" genus="Rhamphichthys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gymnotiformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="apurensis">
<emphasis id="B965EA9AAB071E152600E277FC80F981" bold="true" box="[617,845,1612,1632]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Rhamphichthys apurensis</emphasis>
, ANSP
</taxonomicName>
166484, 390 mm LEA, Laguna Mamo at Nuevo Mamo, Anzoátegui, Venezuela.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF6E6600AB001E122581E6F7FC80FCE4" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13326904" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13326904" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13326904/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" startId="12.[488,561,716,736]" targetBox="[488,1459,193,693]" targetPageId="12" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BAE3688AB001E122581E6F7FC80FCE4" blockId="12.[488,1459,716,773]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<emphasis id="B965EA9AAB001E122581E6F7FD99FD01" bold="true" box="[488,596,716,736]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">FIGURE 5 |</emphasis>
Detail of the head of 
<taxonomicName id="4C114D0BAB001E122749E6F7FB8CFD01" authority=", ANSP" authorityName="ANSP" box="[800,1089,716,736]" family="Rhamphichthyidae" genus="Rhamphichthys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gymnotiformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="apurensis">
<emphasis id="B965EA9AAB001E122749E6F7FBCDFD01" bold="true" box="[800,1024,716,736]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Rhamphichthys apurensis</emphasis>
, ANSP
</taxonomicName>
166484, 390 mm LEA, Laguna Mamo at Nuevo Mamo, Anzoátegui, Venezuela.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF6E6600AB001E122581E75AFDA4FC7A" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" startId="12.[488,550,865,885]" targetType="table">
<paragraph id="8BAE3688AB001E122581E75AFDA4FC7A" blockId="12.[488,1459,865,923]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<emphasis id="B965EA9AAB001E122581E75AFD85FC94" bold="true" box="[488,584,865,885]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">TABLE 3 |</emphasis>
Morphometric and meristic of 
<taxonomicName id="4C114D0BAB001E122719E75AFB9DFC94" box="[880,1104,865,885]" family="Rhamphichthyidae" genus="Rhamphichthys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gymnotiformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="apurensis">
<emphasis id="B965EA9AAB001E122719E75AFB9DFC94" bold="true" box="[880,1104,865,885]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Rhamphichthys apurensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. SD = standard deviation, n = number of specimens.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BAE3688AB001E1227B7E7F7FAB3F8EC" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<table id="F911C428AB00E1E12586E7F0FA4EF8EF" box="[495,1411,971,1806]" gridcols="5" gridrows="8" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<tr id="352134CAAB00E1E12586E7F0FA4EFC3C" box="[495,1411,971,989]" gridrow="0" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" rowspan-0="1">
<th id="76F05DB6AB00E1E127B3E7F0FC22FC3C" box="[986,1007,971,989]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<emphasis id="B965EA9AAB001E1227B7E7F7FC27FC3D" bold="true" box="[990,1002,972,988]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">n</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="76F05DB6AB00E1E12056E7F0FB5FFC3C" box="[1087,1170,971,989]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<emphasis id="B965EA9AAB001E122025E7F7FB4BFC3D" bold="true" box="[1100,1158,972,988]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Range</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="76F05DB6AB00E1E120BAE7F0FACAFC3C" box="[1235,1287,971,989]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<emphasis id="B965EA9AAB001E1220BAE7F7FACAFC3D" bold="true" box="[1235,1287,972,988]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Mean</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="76F05DB6AB00E1E12137E7F0FA4EFC3C" box="[1374,1411,971,989]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<emphasis id="B965EA9AAB001E12210DE7F0FAB0FC3C" bold="true" box="[1380,1405,971,989]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">SD</emphasis>
</th>
</tr>
<tr id="352134CAAB00E1E12586E7C2FA4EFBEA" box="[495,1411,1017,1035]" gridrow="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<th id="76F05DB6AB00E1E12586E7C2FCCDFBEA" box="[495,768,1017,1035]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Length to end of anal fin (LEA)</th>
<td id="76F05DB6AB00E1E127B3E7C2FC22FBEA" box="[986,1007,1017,1035]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">14</td>
<td id="76F05DB6AB00E1E12056E7C2FB5FFBEA" box="[1087,1170,1017,1035]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">252–520</td>
<td id="76F05DB6AB00E1E120BAE7C2FACAFBEA" box="[1235,1287,1017,1035]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">401.0</td>
<td id="76F05DB6AB00E1E12137E7C2FA4EFBEA" box="[1374,1411,1017,1035]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">–</td>
</tr>
<tr id="352134CAAB00E1E12586E01DFA4EFBD9" box="[495,1411,1062,1080]" gridrow="2" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<th id="76F05DB6AB00E1E12586E01DFA4EFBD9" box="[495,1411,1062,1080]" colspan="5" colspanRight="4" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<emphasis id="B965EA9AAB001E122586E01CFD49FBD9" bold="true" box="[495,644,1062,1080]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Percents of LEA</emphasis>
</th>
</tr>
<tr id="352134CAAB00E1E12586E068FA4EFAA9" box="[495,1411,1107,1352]" gridrow="3" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<th id="76F05DB6AB00E1E12586E068FCCDFAA9" box="[495,768,1107,1352]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Anal-fin length Body depth Pectoral-fin length Head length Caudal filament length Caudal filament depth</th>
<td id="76F05DB6AB00E1E127B3E068FC22FAA9" box="[986,1007,1107,1352]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">14 14 14 14 14 14</td>
<td id="76F05DB6AB00E1E12056E068FB5FFAA9" box="[1087,1170,1107,1352]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">86.1–92.5 7.7–9.4 4.1–5.5 12.9–15.1 23.2–36.8 1.8–2.3</td>
<td id="76F05DB6AB00E1E120BAE068FACAFAA9" box="[1235,1287,1107,1352]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">88.9 8.4 4.8 13.8 30.6 2.1</td>
<td id="76F05DB6AB00E1E12137E068FA4EFAA9" box="[1374,1411,1107,1352]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">1.7 0.4 0.4 0.6 4.0 0.1</td>
</tr>
<tr id="352134CAAB00E1E12586E158FA4EFA94" box="[495,1411,1379,1397]" gridrow="4" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<th id="76F05DB6AB00E1E12586E158FA4EFA94" box="[495,1411,1379,1397]" colspan="5" colspanRight="4" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<emphasis id="B965EA9AAB001E122586E15FFD00FA95" bold="true" box="[495,717,1379,1397]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Percents of head length</emphasis>
</th>
</tr>
<tr id="352134CAAB00E1E12586E1AAFA4EF967" box="[495,1411,1425,1670]" gridrow="5" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<th id="76F05DB6AB00E1E12586E1AAFCCDF967" box="[495,768,1425,1670]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Interorbital distance Snout length Postorbital length Eye diameter Post. nares length Branchial Opening</th>
<td id="76F05DB6AB00E1E127B3E1AAFC22F967" box="[986,1007,1425,1670]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">14 14 14 14 14 14</td>
<td id="76F05DB6AB00E1E12056E1AAFB5FF967" box="[1087,1170,1425,1670]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">9.3–11.6 58.4–63.7 34.4–38.1 4.2–6.7 13.2–17.8 13.2–18.2</td>
<td id="76F05DB6AB00E1E120BAE1AAFACAF967" box="[1235,1287,1425,1670]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">10.2 60.9 36.3 5.0 14.8 15.1</td>
<td id="76F05DB6AB00E1E12137E1AAFA4EF967" box="[1374,1411,1425,1670]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">0.5 1.6 1.1 0.6 1.1 1.4</td>
</tr>
<tr id="352134CAAB00E1E12586E29AFA4EF952" box="[495,1411,1697,1715]" gridrow="6" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<th id="76F05DB6AB00E1E12586E29AFA4EF952" box="[495,1411,1697,1715]" colspan="5" colspanRight="4" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<emphasis id="B965EA9AAB001E122586E29AFD8BF952" bold="true" box="[495,582,1697,1715]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Meristics</emphasis>
</th>
</tr>
<tr id="352134CAAB00E1E12586E2F5FA4EF8EF" box="[495,1411,1742,1806]" gridrow="7" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<th id="76F05DB6AB00E1E12586E2F5FCCDF8EF" box="[495,768,1742,1806]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Anal-fin rays Pectoral-fin rays</th>
<td id="76F05DB6AB00E1E127B3E2F5FC22F8EF" box="[986,1007,1742,1806]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">14 14</td>
<td id="76F05DB6AB00E1E12056E2F5FB5FF8EF" box="[1087,1170,1742,1806]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">347–417 17–21</td>
<td id="76F05DB6AB00E1E120BAE2F5FACAF8EF" box="[1235,1287,1742,1806]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">387.1 18.4</td>
<td id="76F05DB6AB00E1E12137E2F5FA4EF8EF" box="[1374,1411,1742,1806]" gridcol="4" gridrow="7" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">22.5 1.2</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAE3688AB011E13266FE485FA53FDAA" blockId="13.[487,1459,190,587]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<emphasis id="B965EA9AAB011E13266FE485FCC4FF37" bold="true" box="[518,777,190,214]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Coloration in alcohol</emphasis>
. Ground color of dorsal and lateral surfaces of head and body pale yellow (
<figureCitation id="132A2A0DAB011E132613E4D8FD2AFF1A" box="[634,743,227,251]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 4" captionStart-1="FIGURE 5" captionStart-2="FIGURE 6" captionStartId-0="11.[488,561,1612,1632]" captionStartId-1="12.[488,561,716,736]" captionStartId-2="13.[488,561,1462,1482]" captionTargetBox-0="[488,1459,1045,1590]" captionTargetBox-1="[488,1459,193,693]" captionTargetBox-2="[488,1459,992,1442]" captionTargetId-0="figure-267@11.[488,1459,1045,1590]" captionTargetId-1="figure-44@12.[488,1459,193,693]" captionTargetId-2="figure-237@13.[488,1459,992,1442]" captionTargetPageId-0="11" captionTargetPageId-1="12" captionTargetPageId-2="13" captionText-0="FIGURE 4 | Rhamphichthys apurensis, ANSP 166484, 390 mm LEA, Laguna Mamo at Nuevo Mamo, Anzoátegui, Venezuela." captionText-1="FIGURE 5 | Detail of the head of Rhamphichthys apurensis, ANSP 166484, 390 mm LEA, Laguna Mamo at Nuevo Mamo, Anzoátegui, Venezuela." captionText-2="FIGURE 6 | Rhamphichthys apurensis, ANSP 160251, 248 mm LEA, Río Guariquito at confluence of Río Orinoco, Bolívar, Venezuela." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13326902" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13326904" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13326906" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/13326902/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/13326904/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/13326906/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Figs. 4–6</figureCitation>
). Head surface covered with scattered dark-brown blotches of about eye size; snout mostly dark, ventral head margin less pigmented. Epaxial body surface with many intercalated and dark pigment saddles across the mid-dorsum extending ventral to the lateral line. Hypaxial body surface with many dark pigment bands oriented at a slight diagonal to the long axis, sometimes contacting dorsal saddles, generally diffuse over pterygiophores region, and extending to proximal portion of anal–fin rays. Anal-fin membrane mostly clear or hyaline (
<figureCitation id="132A2A0DAB011E1320F6E5F8FB3CFE3A" box="[1183,1265,451,475]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="11.[488,561,1612,1632]" captionTargetBox="[488,1459,1045,1590]" captionTargetId="figure-267@11.[488,1459,1045,1590]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 4 | Rhamphichthys apurensis, ANSP 166484, 390 mm LEA, Laguna Mamo at Nuevo Mamo, Anzoátegui, Venezuela." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13326902" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13326902/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Figs. 4</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="132A2A0DAB011E13216BE5F8FAE8FE3A" box="[1282,1317,451,475]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="14.[136,209,1126,1146]" captionTargetBox="[488,1459,212,1889]" captionTargetId="figure-21@14.[488,1459,212,1889]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 7 | Coloration pattern of the lateral portion of body at about midlenght of LEA in Rhamphichthys. A. Rhamphichthys apurensis, ANSP 162300, 390 mm LEA. B. Rhamphichthys drepanium from Orinoco Basin, ANSP 181071, 320 mm LEA. C. Rhamphichthys drepanium, INPA 17682, 375 mm LEA. D. Rhamphichthys hahni, MZUSP 59297, 355 mm LEA. E. Rhamphichthys lineatus, MCP 26374, 340 mm LEA. F. Rhamphichhtys pantherinus, MCP 24814, 405 mm LEA. G. Rhamphichthys rostratus, ANSP 187120, 520 mm LEA. H. Rhamphichthys heleios, INPA 42308, 335 mm LEA. Anterior portion towards left." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13326908" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13326908/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">7A</figureCitation>
), except for ventral extensions of lateral bands and some scattered dark round pigment blotches (
<figureCitation id="132A2A0DAB011E132599E635FDF9FDC7" box="[496,564,526,550]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="13.[488,561,1462,1482]" captionTargetBox="[488,1459,992,1442]" captionTargetId="figure-237@13.[488,1459,992,1442]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 6 | Rhamphichthys apurensis, ANSP 160251, 248 mm LEA, Río Guariquito at confluence of Río Orinoco, Bolívar, Venezuela." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13326906" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13326906/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
). Pectoral fin clear or hyaline in most specimens, sometimes with scattered dark pigment blotches. Caudal appendage with dark vertically elongate pigment blotches.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAE3688AB011E13266FE645FAD5FCE7" blockId="13.[488,1459,638,774]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<emphasis id="B965EA9AAB011E13266FE645FC9CFD77" bold="true" box="[518,849,638,662]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Geographical distribution.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C114D0BAB011E13270BE645FBB8FD77" box="[866,1141,638,662]" family="Rhamphichthyidae" genus="Rhamphichthys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gymnotiformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="apurensis">
<emphasis id="B965EA9AAB011E13270BE645FBB8FD77" box="[866,1141,638,662]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Rhamphichthys apurensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is distributed throughout the Orinoco basin and its larger tributaries and in the Cuyuni drainage of 
<collectingCountry id="F3067618AB011E13212AE698FA7EFD5A" box="[1347,1459,675,699]" name="Guyana" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Essequibo</collectingCountry>
(
<figureCitation id="132A2A0DAB011E132599E6F3FDF8FD00" box="[496,565,712,737]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="16.[136,209,1686,1706]" captionTargetBox="[136,1459,925,1664]" captionTargetId="figure-229@16.[136,1459,925,1664]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 8 | Distribution of Rhamphichthys apurensis based on examined museum specimens. Red dot represents the approximate type-locality." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13326910" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13326910/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
; 
<tableCitation id="C6930333AB011E13262DE6F3FD43FD00" box="[580,654,712,737]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="9.[136,198,193,213]" captionText="TABLE 1 | Distributional data of species of Rhamphichthys in cis-Andean drainages of South America. Numbers corresponds to FEOW of Abell et al. (2008): Orinoco Llanos-307; Orinoco Guiana Shield-308; Orinoco Delta-309; Essequibo-310; Guianas-311; Negro-314; Amazonas Guiana Shield-315; Amazonas Lowlands-316; Mamoré-318; Guaporé-Itenez-319; Xingu-322; Amazonas estuary and coastal drainages-323; Tocantins- Araguaia-324; Parnaíba-325; Lower Uruguay-332; Chaco-342; Paraguay-343; Upper Paraná-344; and Lower Paraná-345. Asterisk (*) indicate the type-locality. Asterisks (**) indicates that Rhamphichthys hahni is allochthonous in the Upper Paraná (344) ecoregion." pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Tab. 1</tableCitation>
). 
<taxonomicName id="4C114D0BAB011E1326C1E6F3FC7FFD01" box="[680,946,712,736]" family="Rhamphichthyidae" genus="Rhamphichthys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gymnotiformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="apurensis">
<emphasis id="B965EA9AAB011E1326C1E6F3FC7FFD01" box="[680,946,712,736]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Rhamphichthys apurensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
inhabits mostly the deep waters of the main channel of Orinoco River and large size tributaries (Mago-Leccia, 1994).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30B6503AB011E0E266FE703FC83FCB1" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="17" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BAE3688AB011E0E266FE703FC83FCB1" blockId="13.[488,1459,824,923]" lastBlockId="16.[488,1459,190,848]" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="17" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<emphasis id="B965EA9AAB011E13266FE703FC0AFCB0" bold="true" box="[518,967,824,849]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Material examined. Orinoco Llanos:</emphasis>
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160251, 1, 
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, 
<collectingRegion id="49D5F86AAB011E132141E703FAB1FCB1" box="[1320,1404,824,848]" country="Venezuela" name="Bolivar" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Bolívar</collectingRegion>
, Río Guariquito at confluence of Río Orinoco, 
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<geoCoordinate id="EE25504FAB011E132024E765FB79FC97" box="[1101,1204,862,886]" degrees="66" direction="west" minutes="20" orientation="longitude" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" precision="925" value="-66.333336">66º20’W</geoCoordinate>
. 
<collectionCode id="ED00AE4DAB011E1320D6E765FACBFC97" box="[1215,1286,862,886]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34784" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34784" name="Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">ANSP</collectionCode>
162300, 60 (
<specimenCount id="9D17FD01AB011E1321FEE765FD97FC7A" count="12" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="generic">12 specimens</specimenCount>
measured in 
<tableCitation id="C6930333AB011E13268EE7B8FCE2FC7A" box="[743,815,899,923]" captionStart="TABLE 3" captionStartId="12.[488,550,865,885]" captionText="TABLE 3 | Morphometric and meristic of Rhamphichthys apurensis. SD = standard deviation, n = number of specimens." pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
Tab. 
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, 330–520 mm LEA; 1 cs), 
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, 
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, Río Orinoco near mouth of Río Caura, 
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<geoCoordinate id="EE25504FAB031E1127E2E485FC3CFF37" box="[907,1009,190,214]" degrees="64" direction="west" minutes="52" orientation="longitude" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" precision="925" value="-64.86667">64º52’W</geoCoordinate>
. 
<collectionCode id="ED00AE4DAB031E112069E485FB8AFF37" box="[1024,1095,190,214]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34784" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34784" name="Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">ANSP</collectionCode>
162707, 3, 
<collectingCountry id="F3067618AB031E1120BCE485FA81FF37" box="[1237,1356,190,214]" name="Venezuela" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingRegion id="49D5F86AAB031E112132E485FA62FF37" box="[1371,1455,190,214]" country="Venezuela" name="Bolivar" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Bolívar</collectingRegion>
, Río Orinoco about 
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above mouth of Río Cuchivero, 
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<geoCoordinate id="EE25504FAB031E11209EE4D8FA93FF1A" box="[1271,1374,227,251]" degrees="65" direction="west" minutes="57" orientation="longitude" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" precision="925" value="-65.95">65º57’W</geoCoordinate>
. 
<collectionCode id="ED00AE4DAB031E112105E4D8FA7EFF1A" box="[1388,1459,227,251]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34784" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34784" name="Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">ANSP</collectionCode>
166845, 9, 
<collectingCountry id="F3067618AB031E11260EE533FD13FEC1" box="[615,734,264,288]" name="Venezuela" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingRegion id="49D5F86AAB031E112683E533FCF3FEC1" box="[746,830,264,288]" country="Venezuela" name="Bolivar" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Bolívar</collectingRegion>
, Laguna Castillero at Caicara del Orinoco, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE25504FAB031E112159E532FA7FFEC0" box="[1328,1458,265,289]" degrees="07" direction="north" minutes="38" orientation="latitude" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" precision="15" seconds="20" value="7.638889">07º38’20”N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="EE25504FAB031E112581E515FDB8FEA7" box="[488,629,302,326]" degrees="66" direction="west" minutes="09" orientation="longitude" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" precision="15" seconds="00" value="-66.15">66º09’00”W</geoCoordinate>
. 
<collectionCode id="ED00AE4DAB031E112614E515FD09FEA7" box="[637,708,302,326]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34784" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34784" name="Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">ANSP</collectionCode>
166484, 3, 
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, 
<collectingRegion id="49D5F86AAB031E1127A8E515FB88FEA7" box="[961,1093,302,326]" country="Venezuela" name="Anzoategui" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Anzoátegui</collectingRegion>
, Laguna Mamo at Nuevo Mamo, 
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<geoCoordinate id="EE25504FAB031E112622E568FD7FFE8A" box="[587,690,339,363]" degrees="63" direction="west" minutes="02" orientation="longitude" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" precision="925" value="-63.033333">63º02’W</geoCoordinate>
. 
<collectionCode id="ED00AE4DAB031E1126D5E568FCCEFE8A" box="[700,771,339,363]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34784" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34784" name="Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">ANSP</collectionCode>
188936, 1, 
<collectingCountry id="F3067618AB031E1127EBE568FC34FE8A" box="[898,1017,339,363]" name="Venezuela" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingRegion id="49D5F86AAB031E11206AE568FB86FE8A" box="[1027,1099,339,363]" country="Venezuela" name="Apure" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Apure</collectingRegion>
, Río 
<collectingRegion id="49D5F86AAB031E1120EDE568FB07FE8A" box="[1156,1226,339,363]" country="Venezuela" name="Apure" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Apure</collectingRegion>
Isla Playa del Medio, near mouth of Río Portuguesa, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE25504FAB031E112722E543FC03FE71" box="[843,974,376,400]" degrees="07" direction="north" minutes="55" orientation="latitude" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" precision="15" seconds="47" value="7.929722">07º55’47”N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="EE25504FAB031E1127BFE543FBAFFE71" box="[982,1122,376,400]" degrees="67" direction="west" minutes="31" orientation="longitude" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" precision="15" seconds="12" value="-67.520004">67º31’12”W</geoCoordinate>
. 
<collectionCode id="ED00AE4DAB031E112007E542FB78FE70" box="[1134,1205,377,401]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34784" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34784" name="Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">ANSP</collectionCode>
190968, 1, 
<collectingCountry id="F3067618AB031E112151E543FA62FE71" box="[1336,1455,376,400]" name="Venezuela" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingRegion id="49D5F86AAB031E112581E5A5FDA1FE57" box="[488,620,414,438]" country="Venezuela" name="Anzoategui" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Anzoategui</collectingRegion>
, Río Orinoco deep channel upstream Los Baranacos, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE25504FAB031E1120B5E5A5FAF4FE57" box="[1244,1337,414,438]" degrees="08" direction="north" minutes="21" orientation="latitude" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" precision="925" value="8.35">08º21’N</geoCoordinate>
62º43”W. 
<collectionCode id="ED00AE4DAB031E112581E5F8FDE7FE3A" box="[488,554,451,475]" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/8wk2-p21y" name="Auburn University Museum of Natural History" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="University or college">AUM</collectionCode>
53707, 4, 
<collectingCountry id="F3067618AB031E1126C1E5F8FCD2FE3A" box="[680,799,451,475]" name="Venezuela" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingRegion id="49D5F86AAB031E112747E5F8FC4FFE3A" box="[814,898,451,475]" country="Venezuela" name="Bolivar" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Bolívar</collectingRegion>
, Río Orinoco at Caicara del Orinoco ferry boat landing, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE25504FAB031E112625E5D2FD03FDE0" box="[588,718,489,513]" degrees="07" direction="north" minutes="38" orientation="latitude" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" precision="15" seconds="44" value="7.6455555">07º38’44”N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="EE25504FAB031E1126BEE5D3FCA9FDE1" box="[727,868,488,512]" degrees="66" direction="west" minutes="10" orientation="longitude" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" precision="15" seconds="46" value="-66.17944">66º10’46”W</geoCoordinate>
. 
<collectionCode id="ED00AE4DAB031E112719E5D2FC0AFDE0" box="[880,967,489,513]" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/i64g-wjcr" name="Cornell University Museum of Vertebrates" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="University or college">CUMV</collectionCode>
72365, 2, 
<collectingCountry id="F3067618AB031E112056E5D3FB7BFDE1" box="[1087,1206,488,512]" name="Venezuela" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingRegion id="49D5F86AAB031E1120ABE5D2FAC7FDE0" box="[1218,1290,489,513]" country="Venezuela" name="Apure" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Apure</collectingRegion>
, San Fernando de 
<collectingRegion id="49D5F86AAB031E112663E635FD9FFDC7" box="[522,594,526,550]" country="Venezuela" name="Apure" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Apure</collectingRegion>
, Río 
<collectingRegion id="49D5F86AAB031E1126E7E635FD19FDC7" box="[654,724,526,550]" country="Venezuela" name="Apure" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Apure</collectingRegion>
east of San Fernando Bridge, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE25504FAB031E112043E635FB42FDC7" box="[1066,1167,526,550]" degrees="07" direction="north" minutes="54" orientation="latitude" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" precision="925" value="7.9">07º 54’N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="EE25504FAB031E1120FEE635FB33FDC7" box="[1175,1278,526,550]" degrees="67" direction="west" minutes="28" orientation="longitude" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" precision="925" value="-67.46667">67º28’W</geoCoordinate>
. 
<collectionCode id="ED00AE4DAB031E112160E635FAADFDC7" box="[1289,1376,526,550]" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/i64g-wjcr" name="Cornell University Museum of Vertebrates" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="University or college">CUMV</collectionCode>
82347, 2, 
<collectingCountry id="F3067618AB031E11266AE608FDB7FDAA" box="[515,634,563,587]" name="Venezuela" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingRegion id="49D5F86AAB031E1126EFE608FD03FDAA" box="[646,718,563,587]" country="Venezuela" name="Apure" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Apure</collectingRegion>
, San Fernando de 
<collectingRegion id="49D5F86AAB031E1127F7E608FC2BFDAA" box="[926,998,563,587]" country="Venezuela" name="Apure" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Apure</collectingRegion>
, Río 
<collectingRegion id="49D5F86AAB031E11204BE608FBA5FDAA" box="[1058,1128,563,587]" country="Venezuela" name="Apure" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Apure</collectingRegion>
east of San Fernando Bridge, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE25504FAB031E112581E663FD88FD91" box="[488,581,600,624]" degrees="07" direction="north" minutes="54" orientation="latitude" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" precision="925" value="7.9">07º54’N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="EE25504FAB031E112624E663FD78FD91" box="[589,693,600,624]" degrees="67" direction="west" minutes="28" orientation="longitude" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" precision="925" value="-67.46667">67º28’W</geoCoordinate>
. 
<collectionCode id="ED00AE4DAB031E1126A8E662FCDBFD91" box="[705,790,601,624]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34795" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34795" name="Field Museum of Natural History" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="Museum">FMNH</collectionCode>
85503, 1, 
<collectingCountry id="F3067618AB031E1127F9E663FBCAFD91" box="[912,1031,600,624]" name="Venezuela" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingRegion id="49D5F86AAB031E11207AE662FB96FD90" box="[1043,1115,601,625]" country="Venezuela" name="Apure" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Apure</collectingRegion>
, Río Arauca 32.5 km south of Biruaca, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE25504FAB031E112622E645FD65FD77" box="[587,680,638,662]" degrees="07" direction="north" minutes="34" orientation="latitude" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" precision="925" value="7.5666666">07º34’N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="EE25504FAB031E1126C6E645FCDBFD77" box="[687,790,638,662]" degrees="67" direction="west" minutes="38" orientation="longitude" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" precision="925" value="-67.63333">67º38’W</geoCoordinate>
. IAvH-P 1021, 1, 
<collectingCountry id="F3067618AB031E11278AE645FB9BFD77" box="[995,1110,638,662]" name="Colombia" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Colombia</collectingCountry>
, Meta, Puerto Gaitán, Estero el Carrizal, Río Manacancias, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE25504FAB031E11277CE698FCA9FD5A" box="[789,868,675,699]" degrees="4" direction="north" minutes="23" orientation="latitude" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" precision="925" value="4.383333">4º23’N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="EE25504FAB031E112703E698FC07FD5A" box="[874,970,675,699]" degrees="72" direction="north" minutes="04" orientation="latitude" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" precision="925" value="72.066666">72º04’N</geoCoordinate>
. IAvH-P 17554, 1, 
<collectingCountry id="F3067618AB031E1120F6E698FADFFD5A" box="[1183,1298,675,699]" name="Colombia" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Colombia</collectingCountry>
, Casanare, Paz de Ariporo, Tapa El Venado, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE25504FAB031E112756E6F3FC0FFD01" box="[831,962,712,736]" degrees="05" direction="north" minutes="39" orientation="latitude" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" precision="15" seconds="14" value="5.653889">05º39’14”N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="EE25504FAB031E1127A2E6F2FB95FD00" box="[971,1112,713,737]" degrees="71" direction="west" minutes="00" orientation="longitude" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" precision="15" seconds="31" value="-71.00861">71º00’31”W</geoCoordinate>
. IAvH-P 17587, 1, 
<collectingCountry id="F3067618AB031E112155E6F3FA62FD01" box="[1340,1455,712,736]" name="Colombia" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Colombia</collectingCountry>
, Casanare, Paz de Ariporo, Tapa El Venado, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE25504FAB031E1127B6E6D5FBACFCE7" box="[991,1121,750,774]" degrees="05" direction="north" minutes="36" orientation="latitude" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" precision="15" seconds="49" value="5.613611">05º36’49”N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="EE25504FAB031E112002E6D5FB3AFCE7" box="[1131,1271,750,774]" degrees="71" direction="west" minutes="05" orientation="longitude" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" precision="15" seconds="44" value="-71.09556">71º05’44”W</geoCoordinate>
. IAvH-P 17558, 2, 
<collectingCountry id="F3067618AB031E11266FE728FDB4FCCA" box="[518,633,787,811]" name="Colombia" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Colombia</collectingCountry>
, Casanare, Paz de Ariporo, Caño la Hermosa, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE25504FAB031E1120FFE728FAD5FCCA" box="[1174,1304,787,811]" degrees="05" direction="north" minutes="42" orientation="latitude" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" precision="15" seconds="20" value="5.7055554">05º42’20”N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="EE25504FAB031E11214BE728FA62FCCA" box="[1314,1455,787,811]" degrees="71" direction="west" minutes="01" orientation="longitude" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" precision="15" seconds="11" value="-71.01972">71º01’11”W</geoCoordinate>
. IAvH-P 18415, 2, 
<collectingCountry id="F3067618AB031E1126DDE703FCEAFCB1" box="[692,807,824,848]" name="Colombia" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Colombia</collectingCountry>
, Casanare, Pore Caño Curimina, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE25504FAB031E1120F3E703FAD0FCB1" box="[1178,1309,824,848]" degrees="05" direction="north" minutes="35" orientation="latitude" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" precision="15" seconds="09" value="5.5858335">05º35’09”N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="EE25504FAB031E11214BE703FA62FCB1" box="[1314,1455,824,848]" degrees="71" direction="west" minutes="50" orientation="longitude" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" precision="15" seconds="19" value="-71.838615">71º50’19”W</geoCoordinate>
. IAvH-P 19994, 1, 
<collectingCountry id="F3067618AB031E1126DBE765FCE8FC97" box="[690,805,862,886]" name="Colombia" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Colombia</collectingCountry>
, Casanare, Orocué, Caño Aguaverde, Reserva Paralmarito-Casambá, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE25504FAB031E112634E7B8FD2DFC7A" box="[605,736,899,923]" degrees="04" direction="north" minutes="52" orientation="latitude" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" precision="15" seconds="09" value="4.869167">04º52’09”N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="EE25504FAB031E112682E7B8FCB5FC7A" box="[747,888,899,923]" degrees="71" direction="west" minutes="38" orientation="longitude" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" precision="15" seconds="27" value="-71.64083">71º38’27”W</geoCoordinate>
. IAvH-P 24332, 4, 
<collectingCountry id="F3067618AB031E112009E7B8FB1AFC7A" box="[1120,1239,899,923]" name="Venezuela" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
, Río Orinoco near mouth of Río Caura, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE25504FAB031E112683E792FC85FC20" box="[746,840,937,961]" degrees="07" direction="north" minutes="38" orientation="latitude" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" precision="925" value="7.633333">07º38’N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="EE25504FAB031E11273AE793FC77FC21" box="[851,954,936,960]" degrees="64" direction="west" minutes="52" orientation="longitude" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" precision="925" value="-64.86667">64º52’W</geoCoordinate>
. IAvH-P 25042, 1, 
<collectingCountry id="F3067618AB031E1120CEE793FAD7FC21" box="[1191,1306,936,960]" name="Colombia" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Colombia</collectingCountry>
, Meta, Caño Carrestilar. IAvH-P 25726, 3, 
<collectingCountry id="F3067618AB031E112727E7F5FC0CFC07" box="[846,961,974,998]" name="Colombia" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Colombia</collectingCountry>
, Vichada, Puerto Carreño, Caño Charapa, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE25504FAB031E112581E7C8FDA6FBEA" box="[488,619,1011,1035]" degrees="06" direction="north" minutes="05" orientation="latitude" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" precision="15" seconds="33" value="6.0925">06º05’33”N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="EE25504FAB031E11261AE7C8FCCDFBEA" box="[627,768,1011,1035]" degrees="67" direction="west" minutes="30" orientation="longitude" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" precision="15" seconds="03" value="-67.50083">67º30’03”W</geoCoordinate>
. IAvH-P 25784, 1, 
<collectingCountry id="F3067618AB031E112788E7C8FB99FBEA" box="[993,1108,1011,1035]" name="Colombia" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Colombia</collectingCountry>
, Vichada, Puerto Carreño, Río Orinoco, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE25504FAB031E112634E023FD2DFBD1" box="[605,736,1048,1072]" degrees="05" direction="north" minutes="59" orientation="latitude" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" precision="15" seconds="58" value="5.9994445">05º59’58”N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="EE25504FAB031E112687E023FCB6FBD1" box="[750,891,1048,1072]" degrees="67" direction="west" minutes="25" orientation="longitude" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" precision="15" seconds="18" value="-67.42166">67º25’18”W</geoCoordinate>
. IAvH-P 28420, 2, 
<collectingCountry id="F3067618AB031E11201AE023FB2BFBD1" box="[1139,1254,1048,1072]" name="Colombia" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Colombia</collectingCountry>
, Vichada, Puerto Carreño, Río Orinoco, upstream Caño D’agua, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE25504FAB031E112041E005FB66FBB7" box="[1064,1195,1086,1110]" degrees="05" direction="north" minutes="45" orientation="latitude" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" precision="15" seconds="04" value="5.751111">05º45’04”N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="EE25504FAB031E1120D0E005FA8BFBB7" box="[1209,1350,1086,1110]" degrees="67" direction="west" minutes="37" orientation="longitude" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" precision="15" seconds="14" value="-67.62056">67º37’14”W</geoCoordinate>
. IAvH-P 28482, 1, 
<collectingCountry id="F3067618AB031E11263CE058FD05FB9A" box="[597,712,1123,1147]" name="Colombia" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Colombia</collectingCountry>
, Vichada, Puerto Carreño, REserva Natural Bojonawi, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE25504FAB031E112159E058FA7EFB9A" box="[1328,1459,1123,1147]" degrees="06" direction="north" minutes="07" orientation="latitude" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" precision="15" seconds="04" value="6.117778">06º07’04”N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="EE25504FAB031E112581E0B3FDB9FB41" box="[488,628,1160,1184]" degrees="67" direction="west" minutes="30" orientation="longitude" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" precision="15" seconds="37" value="-67.51028">67º30’37”W</geoCoordinate>
. IAvH-P 28484, 1, 
<collectingCountry id="F3067618AB031E11271BE0B3FC28FB41" box="[882,997,1160,1184]" name="Colombia" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Colombia</collectingCountry>
, Vichada, Puerto Carreño, Laguna El Pañuelo, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE25504FAB031E112633E095FD10FB27" box="[602,733,1198,1222]" degrees="06" direction="north" minutes="07" orientation="latitude" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" precision="15" seconds="04" value="6.117778">06º07’04”N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="EE25504FAB031E112687E095FCB6FB27" box="[750,891,1198,1222]" degrees="67" direction="west" minutes="30" orientation="longitude" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" precision="15" seconds="32" value="-67.50889">67º30’32”W</geoCoordinate>
. ICNMCN 3456, 1, 
<collectingCountry id="F3067618AB031E1120E6E095FACFFB27" box="[1167,1282,1198,1222]" name="Colombia" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Colombia</collectingCountry>
, Meta, Puerto Lopez, Laguna de Menegua. ICNMCN 5359, 1, 
<collectingCountry id="F3067618AB031E112043E0E8FB50FB0A" box="[1066,1181,1235,1259]" name="Colombia" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Colombia</collectingCountry>
, Vichada, Río Orinoco. LBP 10226, 1, 
<collectingCountry id="F3067618AB031E1126F1E0C3FCC2FAF1" box="[664,783,1272,1296]" name="Venezuela" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingRegion id="49D5F86AAB031E112774E0C3FCB6FAF1" box="[797,891,1272,1296]" country="Venezuela" name="Guarico" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Guárico</collectingRegion>
, Río 
<collectingRegion id="49D5F86AAB031E1127D5E0C2FBCFFAF0" box="[956,1026,1273,1297]" country="Venezuela" name="Apure" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Apure</collectingRegion>
at Cabruta, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE25504FAB031E1120FCE0C2FAD5FAF0" box="[1173,1304,1273,1297]" degrees="07" direction="north" minutes="37" orientation="latitude" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" precision="15" seconds="24" value="7.6233335">07º37’24”N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="EE25504FAB031E11214BE0C3FA62FAF1" box="[1314,1455,1272,1296]" degrees="66" direction="west" minutes="24" orientation="longitude" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" precision="15" seconds="48" value="-66.41334">66º24’48”W</geoCoordinate>
. 
<collectionCode id="ED00AE4DAB031E112581E125FD8CFAD7" box="[488,577,1310,1334]" country="Venezuela" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/tyz9-grz8" name="Museo de Ciencias Naturales de la UNELLEZ en Guanare" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">MCNG</collectionCode>
5985, 1, 
<collectingCountry id="F3067618AB031E1126C6E125FCEBFAD7" box="[687,806,1310,1334]" name="Venezuela" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingRegion id="49D5F86AAB031E11275AE125FCB6FAD7" box="[819,891,1310,1334]" country="Venezuela" name="Apure" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Apure</collectingRegion>
, Hato El Frio, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE25504FAB031E112043E125FB45FAD7" box="[1066,1160,1310,1334]" degrees="07" direction="north" minutes="53" orientation="latitude" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" precision="925" value="7.883333">07º53’N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="EE25504FAB031E1120F8E125FB35FAD7" box="[1169,1272,1310,1334]" degrees="68" direction="west" minutes="52" orientation="longitude" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" precision="925" value="-68.86667">68º52’W</geoCoordinate>
. 
<collectionCode id="ED00AE4DAB031E11216CE125FA93FAD7" box="[1285,1374,1310,1334]" country="Venezuela" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/tyz9-grz8" name="Museo de Ciencias Naturales de la UNELLEZ en Guanare" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">MCNG</collectionCode>
13143, 1, 
<collectingCountry id="F3067618AB031E11266AE178FDB7FABA" box="[515,634,1347,1371]" name="Venezuela" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingRegion id="49D5F86AAB031E1126ECE178FD00FABA" box="[645,717,1347,1371]" country="Venezuela" name="Apure" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Apure</collectingRegion>
, Río 
<collectingRegion id="49D5F86AAB031E11276EE178FC80FABA" box="[775,845,1347,1371]" country="Venezuela" name="Apure" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Apure</collectingRegion>
at San Fernando. 
<collectionCode id="ED00AE4DAB031E11207EE178FBBDFABA" box="[1047,1136,1347,1371]" country="Venezuela" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/tyz9-grz8" name="Museo de Ciencias Naturales de la UNELLEZ en Guanare" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">MCNG</collectionCode>
20360, 1, 
<collectingCountry id="F3067618AB031E11208CE178FA91FABA" box="[1253,1372,1347,1371]" name="Venezuela" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingRegion id="49D5F86AAB031E11210FE178FA63FABA" box="[1382,1454,1347,1371]" country="Venezuela" name="Apure" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Apure</collectingRegion>
, Río 
<collectingRegion id="49D5F86AAB031E11267FE152FD91FA60" box="[534,604,1385,1409]" country="Venezuela" name="Apure" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Apure</collectingRegion>
at Isla del Medio. 
<collectionCode id="ED00AE4DAB031E11274DE152FCB0FA60" box="[804,893,1385,1409]" country="Venezuela" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/tyz9-grz8" name="Museo de Ciencias Naturales de la UNELLEZ en Guanare" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">MCNG</collectionCode>
26351, 1, 
<collectingCountry id="F3067618AB031E112786E153FBABFA61" box="[1007,1126,1384,1408]" name="Venezuela" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingRegion id="49D5F86AAB031E112019E152FB75FA60" box="[1136,1208,1385,1409]" country="Venezuela" name="Apure" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Apure</collectingRegion>
, Muñoz, borrow pit at Módulo Fernando Corrales, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE25504FAB031E112742E1B5FC44FA47" box="[811,905,1422,1446]" degrees="07" direction="north" minutes="32" orientation="latitude" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" precision="925" value="7.5333333">07º32’N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="EE25504FAB031E1127F8E1B5FC35FA47" box="[913,1016,1422,1446]" degrees="69" direction="west" minutes="42" orientation="longitude" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" precision="925" value="-69.7">69º42’W</geoCoordinate>
. 
<collectionCode id="ED00AE4DAB031E11206DE1B5FB90FA47" box="[1028,1117,1422,1446]" country="Venezuela" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/tyz9-grz8" name="Museo de Ciencias Naturales de la UNELLEZ en Guanare" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">MCNG</collectionCode>
31124, 1, 
<collectingCountry id="F3067618AB031E1120BEE1B5FA83FA47" box="[1239,1358,1422,1446]" name="Venezuela" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingRegion id="49D5F86AAB031E112132E1B5FA62FA47" box="[1371,1455,1422,1446]" country="Venezuela" name="Bolivar" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Bolívar</collectingRegion>
, Laguna Maldonado, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE25504FAB031E1126B4E188FCF6FA2A" box="[733,827,1459,1483]" degrees="08" direction="north" minutes="06" orientation="latitude" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" precision="925" value="8.1">08º06’N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="EE25504FAB031E112721E188FC62FA2A" box="[840,943,1459,1483]" degrees="63" direction="west" minutes="46" orientation="longitude" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" precision="925" value="-63.766666">63º46’W</geoCoordinate>
. 
<collectionCode id="ED00AE4DAB031E1127A9E188FBD4FA2A" box="[960,1049,1459,1483]" country="Venezuela" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/tyz9-grz8" name="Museo de Ciencias Naturales de la UNELLEZ en Guanare" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">MCNG</collectionCode>
31232, 1, 
<collectingCountry id="F3067618AB031E1120CBE188FAD4FA2A" box="[1186,1305,1459,1483]" name="Venezuela" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingRegion id="49D5F86AAB031E112142E188FA62FA2A" box="[1323,1455,1459,1483]" country="Venezuela" name="Anzoategui" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Anzoátegui</collectingRegion>
, Laguna de Tineo, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE25504FAB031E1126D4E1E2FCD7FA10" box="[701,794,1497,1521]" degrees="08" direction="north" minutes="11" orientation="latitude" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" precision="925" value="8.183333">08º11’N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="EE25504FAB031E11274AE1E3FC47FA11" box="[803,906,1496,1520]" degrees="63" direction="west" minutes="28" orientation="longitude" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" precision="925" value="-63.466667">63º28’W</geoCoordinate>
. 
<collectionCode id="ED00AE4DAB031E1127FEE1E2FC3DFA10" box="[919,1008,1497,1521]" country="Venezuela" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/tyz9-grz8" name="Museo de Ciencias Naturales de la UNELLEZ en Guanare" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">MCNG</collectionCode>
33241, 13, 
<collectingCountry id="F3067618AB031E112010E1E3FB3DFA11" box="[1145,1264,1496,1520]" name="Venezuela" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingRegion id="49D5F86AAB031E112094E1E3FA9CFA11" box="[1277,1361,1496,1520]" country="Venezuela" name="Bolivar" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Bolívar</collectingRegion>
, Laguna Bartolico 
<geoCoordinate id="EE25504FAB031E112633E1C5FD7AF9F7" box="[602,695,1534,1558]" degrees="07" direction="north" minutes="38" orientation="latitude" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" precision="925" value="7.633333">07º38’N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="EE25504FAB031E1126ABE1C5FCE4F9F7" box="[706,809,1534,1558]" degrees="66" direction="west" minutes="06" orientation="longitude" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" precision="925" value="-66.1">66º06’W</geoCoordinate>
. 
<collectionCode id="ED00AE4DAB031E112751E1C5FC5CF9F7" box="[824,913,1534,1558]" country="Venezuela" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/tyz9-grz8" name="Museo de Ciencias Naturales de la UNELLEZ en Guanare" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">MCNG</collectionCode>
37462, 2, 
<collectingCountry id="F3067618AB031E11207BE1C5FB44F9F7" box="[1042,1161,1534,1558]" name="Venezuela" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingRegion id="49D5F86AAB031E1120F1E1C5FB2DF9F7" box="[1176,1248,1534,1558]" country="Venezuela" name="Apure" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Apure</collectingRegion>
, Río Arauca at El Yagual, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE25504FAB031E11262EE218FD69F9DA" box="[583,676,1571,1595]" degrees="07" direction="north" minutes="28" orientation="latitude" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" precision="925" value="7.4666667">07º28’N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="EE25504FAB031E1126C4E218FCD9F9DA" box="[685,788,1571,1595]" degrees="68" direction="west" minutes="25" orientation="longitude" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" precision="925" value="-68.416664">68º25’W</geoCoordinate>
. 
<collectionCode id="ED00AE4DAB031E112748E218FCB7F9DA" box="[801,890,1571,1595]" country="Venezuela" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/tyz9-grz8" name="Museo de Ciencias Naturales de la UNELLEZ en Guanare" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">MCNG</collectionCode>
51559, 5, 
<collectingCountry id="F3067618AB031E11279FE218FBA0F9DA" box="[1014,1133,1571,1595]" name="Venezuela" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingRegion id="49D5F86AAB031E112013E218FB0FF9DA" box="[1146,1218,1571,1595]" country="Venezuela" name="Apure" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Apure</collectingRegion>
, right margin of Río 
<collectingRegion id="49D5F86AAB031E112581E272FDE3F980" box="[488,558,1609,1633]" country="Venezuela" name="Apure" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Apure</collectingRegion>
at Piedral. 
<collectionCode id="ED00AE4DAB031E1126DEE272FD32F981" box="[695,767,1609,1632]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">MPUJ</collectionCode>
6564, 3, 
<collectingCountry id="F3067618AB031E11271AE273FC2BF981" box="[883,998,1608,1632]" name="Colombia" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Colombia</collectingCountry>
, Casanare, Caño Orosio. 
<collectionCode id="ED00AE4DAB031E11217CE272FA90F981" box="[1301,1373,1609,1632]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">MPUJ</collectionCode>
11697, 1, 
<collectingCountry id="F3067618AB031E112661E255FDB6F967" box="[520,635,1646,1670]" name="Colombia" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Colombia</collectingCountry>
, Casanare, Caño La Hermosa, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE25504FAB031E112783E255FBA0F967" box="[1002,1133,1646,1670]" degrees="05" direction="north" minutes="42" orientation="latitude" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" precision="15" seconds="20" value="5.7055554">05º42’20”N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="EE25504FAB031E112011E255FAC9F967" box="[1144,1284,1646,1670]" degrees="71" direction="west" minutes="01" orientation="longitude" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" precision="15" seconds="11" value="-71.01972">71º01’11”W</geoCoordinate>
, 
<collectionCode id="ED00AE4DAB031E11217CE255FA90F964" box="[1301,1373,1646,1669]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">MPUJ</collectionCode>
12007, 1, 
<collectingCountry id="F3067618AB031E112661E2A8FDB6F94A" box="[520,635,1683,1707]" name="Colombia" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Colombia</collectingCountry>
, Casanare, Paz de Ariporo, Tapa Las Matas, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE25504FAB031E1120FAE2A8FADBF94A" box="[1171,1302,1683,1707]" degrees="05" direction="north" minutes="39" orientation="latitude" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" precision="15" seconds="14" value="5.653889">05º39’14”N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="EE25504FAB031E11214BE2A8FA62F94A" box="[1314,1455,1683,1707]" degrees="71" direction="west" minutes="00" orientation="longitude" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" precision="15" seconds="31" value="-71.00861">71º00’31”W</geoCoordinate>
. 
<emphasis id="B965EA9AAB031E112581E283FCDCF931" bold="true" box="[488,785,1720,1744]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Orinoco Guiana Shield:</emphasis>
<collectionCode id="ED00AE4DAB031E112775E282FCB8F930" box="[796,885,1721,1745]" country="Venezuela" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/tyz9-grz8" name="Museo de Ciencias Naturales de la UNELLEZ en Guanare" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">MCNG</collectionCode>
36173, 2, 
<collectingCountry id="F3067618AB031E11279DE283FBA6F931" box="[1012,1131,1720,1744]" name="Venezuela" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingRegion id="49D5F86AAB031E112013E283FB03F931" box="[1146,1230,1720,1744]" country="Venezuela" name="Bolivar" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Bolívar</collectingRegion>
, Río Caura at Salto Pará, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE25504FAB031E112643E2E5FD4AF917" box="[554,647,1758,1782]" degrees="06" direction="north" minutes="18" orientation="latitude" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" precision="925" value="6.3">06º18’N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="EE25504FAB031E1126FAE2E5FD37F917" box="[659,762,1758,1782]" degrees="64" direction="west" minutes="30" orientation="longitude" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" precision="925" value="-64.5">64º30’W</geoCoordinate>
. 
<emphasis id="B965EA9AAB031E112760E2E5FB10F917" bold="true" box="[777,1245,1758,1782]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Orinoco Delta and coastal drainages:</emphasis>
<collectionCode id="ED00AE4DAB031E112081E2E5FAE2F917" box="[1256,1327,1758,1782]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34784" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34784" name="Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">ANSP</collectionCode>
149461, 1, 
<collectingCountry id="F3067618AB031E112581E338FD92F8FA" box="[488,607,1795,1819]" name="Venezuela" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingRegion id="49D5F86AAB031E112600E33FFD1CF8FD" box="[617,721,1796,1820]" country="Venezuela" name="Monagas" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Monagas</collectingRegion>
, inlet on Isla Chivera below Barrancas 145 nautical miles from sea bouy 
<geoCoordinate id="EE25504FAB031E112641E312FD66F8A0" box="[552,683,1833,1857]" degrees="08" direction="north" minutes="40" orientation="latitude" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" precision="15" seconds="12" value="8.67">08º40’12”N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="EE25504FAB031E1126D8E313FCD5F8A1" box="[689,792,1832,1856]" degrees="62" direction="west" minutes="12" orientation="longitude" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" precision="925" value="-62.2">62º12’W</geoCoordinate>
. 
<collectionCode id="ED00AE4DAB031E11274BE312FCA4F8A0" box="[802,873,1833,1857]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34784" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34784" name="Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">ANSP</collectionCode>
188934, 1, 
<collectingCountry id="F3067618AB031E112783E313FBACF8A1" box="[1002,1121,1832,1856]" name="Venezuela" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingRegion id="49D5F86AAB031E112002E313FAD4F8A0" box="[1131,1305,1832,1857]" country="Venezuela" name="Delta Amacuro" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Delta Amacuro</collectingRegion>
, Río Orinoco just downstream los Castillos, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE25504FAB031E11272DE375FC6CF887" box="[836,929,1870,1894]" degrees="08" direction="north" minutes="31" orientation="latitude" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" precision="925" value="8.516666">08º31’N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="EE25504FAB031E1127C2E375FBDFF887" box="[939,1042,1870,1894]" degrees="62" direction="west" minutes="22" orientation="longitude" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" precision="925" value="-62.366665">62º22’W</geoCoordinate>
. 
<collectionCode id="ED00AE4DAB031E112049E375FBAAF887" box="[1056,1127,1870,1894]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34784" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34784" name="Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">ANSP</collectionCode>
192671, 1, 
<collectingCountry id="F3067618AB031E11209BE375FAA4F887" box="[1266,1385,1870,1894]" name="Venezuela" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingRegion id="49D5F86AAB031E0E211FE375FD9EFF37" country="Venezuela" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="17" name="Delta Amacuro" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Delta Amacuro</collectingRegion>
, Río Orinoco, Brazo Imataca near S shore, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE25504FAB1C1E0E2053E485FB5AFF37" box="[1082,1175,190,214]" degrees="08" direction="north" minutes="21" orientation="latitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" precision="925" value="8.35">08º21’N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="EE25504FAB1C1E0E20F7E485FAC8FF37" box="[1182,1285,190,214]" degrees="62" direction="west" minutes="43" orientation="longitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" precision="925" value="-62.716667">62º43’W</geoCoordinate>
. 
<collectionCode id="ED00AE4DAB1C1E0E2179E485FA88FF37" box="[1296,1349,190,214]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15690" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34700" name="California Academy of Sciences" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="Museum">CAS</collectionCode>
51077, 1, 
<collectingCountry id="F3067618AB1C1E0E2581E4D8FD92FF1A" box="[488,607,227,251]" name="Venezuela" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingRegion id="49D5F86AAB1C1E0E2601E4D8FCD8FF1A" box="[616,789,227,251]" country="Venezuela" name="Delta Amacuro" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Delta Amacuro</collectingRegion>
, Río Orinoco at El Toro, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE25504FAB1C1E0E2059E4D8FB40FF1A" box="[1072,1165,227,251]" degrees="08" direction="north" minutes="31" orientation="latitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" precision="925" value="8.516666">08º31’N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="EE25504FAB1C1E0E20FAE4D8FB34FF1A" box="[1171,1273,227,251]" degrees="61" direction="west" minutes="29" orientation="longitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" precision="925" value="-61.483334">61º29’W</geoCoordinate>
. 
<collectionCode id="ED00AE4DAB1C1E0E216AE4D8FAAFFF1A" box="[1283,1378,227,251]" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/6yx0-3nm7" name="Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">MZUSP</collectionCode>
44495, 2 (
<specimenCount id="9D17FD01AB1C1E0E266EE532FD5CFEC1" box="[519,657,264,289]" count="2" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="generic">2 specimens</specimenCount>
measured in 
<tableCitation id="C6930333AB1C1E0E2746E533FCB1FEC0" box="[815,892,264,289]" captionStart="TABLE 3" captionStartId="12.[488,550,865,885]" captionText="TABLE 3 | Morphometric and meristic of Rhamphichthys apurensis. SD = standard deviation, n = number of specimens." pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
Tab. 
<quantity id="4CE99B6DAB1C1E0E2704E532FCB1FEC0" box="[877,892,265,289]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.42626" metricValueMax="2.82" metricValueMin="0.03252" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" unit="mm" value="142.626" valueMax="282.0" valueMin="3.252">3</quantity>
</tableCitation>
, 252–282 mm 
<collectionCode id="ED00AE4DAB1C1E0E2044E532FBA9FEC0" box="[1069,1124,265,289]" country="Canada" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14547" name="University of Lethbridge" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="Herbarium">LEA</collectionCode>
), 
<collectingCountry id="F3067618AB1C1E0E2010E533FB3DFEC1" box="[1145,1264,264,288]" name="Venezuela" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingRegion id="49D5F86AAB1C1E0E2097E533FA62FEC0" box="[1278,1455,264,289]" country="Venezuela" name="Delta Amacuro" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Delta Amacuro</collectingRegion>
, Río Orinoco at Isla Tres Caños, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE25504FAB1C1E0E2707E515FC06FEA7" box="[878,971,302,326]" degrees="08" direction="north" minutes="38" orientation="latitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" precision="925" value="8.633333">08º38’N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="EE25504FAB1C1E0E27BEE515FBF0FEA7" box="[983,1085,302,326]" degrees="61" direction="west" minutes="59" orientation="longitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" precision="925" value="-61.983334">61º59’W</geoCoordinate>
. 
<collectionCode id="ED00AE4DAB1C1E0E2024E515FB65FEA4" box="[1101,1192,302,325]" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/ra64-3eva" name="University of Michigan, Museum of Zoology" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="University or college">UMMZ</collectionCode>
211324, 2, 
<collectingCountry id="F3067618AB1C1E0E2151E515FA62FEA7" box="[1336,1455,302,326]" name="Venezuela" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingRegion id="49D5F86AAB1C1E0E2581E568FD5BFE8A" box="[488,662,339,363]" country="Venezuela" name="Delta Amacuro" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Delta Amacuro</collectingRegion>
, Shallow channel of Río Orinoco across from Isla Tres Caños, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE25504FAB1C1E0E213FE568FA7FFE8A" box="[1366,1458,339,363]" degrees="08" direction="north" minutes="40" orientation="latitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" precision="925" value="8.666667">08º40’N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="EE25504FAB1C1E0E2581E543FD83FE71" box="[488,590,376,400]" degrees="62" direction="west" minutes="01" orientation="longitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" precision="925" value="-62.016666">62º01’W</geoCoordinate>
. 
<collectionCode id="ED00AE4DAB1C1E0E2633E542FD60FE70" box="[602,685,377,401]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="Museum">USNM</collectionCode>
228767, 1, 
<collectingCountry id="F3067618AB1C1E0E275AE543FC67FE71" box="[819,938,376,400]" name="Venezuela" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingRegion id="49D5F86AAB1C1E0E27DFE543FBABFE70" box="[950,1126,376,401]" country="Venezuela" name="Delta Amacuro" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Delta Amacuro</collectingRegion>
, Río Orinoco first small caño on W side of La Paloma 
<quantity id="4CE99B6DAB1C1E0E277CE5A5FCADFE54" box="[789,864,414,438]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" unit="m" value="100.0">100 m</quantity>
above its mouth 92 nautical miles upstream of sea Buoy, 08º29”N 
<geoCoordinate id="EE25504FAB1C1E0E26F7E5F8FCC8FE3A" box="[670,773,451,475]" degrees="61" direction="west" minutes="25" orientation="longitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" precision="925" value="-61.416668">61º25’W</geoCoordinate>
. 
<collectionCode id="ED00AE4DAB1C1E0E2778E5F8FCA9FE3A" box="[785,868,451,475]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="Museum">USNM</collectionCode>
228768, 1, 
<collectingCountry id="F3067618AB1C1E0E2783E5F8FBACFE3A" box="[1002,1121,451,475]" name="Venezuela" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingRegion id="49D5F86AAB1C1E0E2004E5FFFB18FE3D" box="[1133,1237,452,476]" country="Venezuela" name="Monagas" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Monagas</collectingRegion>
, Isolated lagoon on Isla Tapatapa at Río Orinoco 163 nautical miles from sea buoy, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE25504FAB1C1E0E20CAE5D3FAD1FDE1" box="[1187,1308,488,512]" degrees="08" direction="south" minutes="31" orientation="latitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" precision="15" seconds="36" value="-8.526667">08º31’36”S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="EE25504FAB1C1E0E214BE5D3FA7DFDE1" box="[1314,1456,488,512]" degrees="62" direction="west" minutes="26" orientation="longitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" precision="15" seconds="42" value="-62.445">62º26’42”W</geoCoordinate>
. 
<collectionCode id="ED00AE4DAB1C1E0E2581E635FDF6FDC7" box="[488,571,526,550]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="Museum">USNM</collectionCode>
233796, 
<collectingCountry id="F3067618AB1C1E0E26CAE635FCD7FDC7" box="[675,794,526,550]" name="Venezuela" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingRegion id="49D5F86AAB1C1E0E274CE635FC19FDC7" box="[805,980,526,550]" country="Venezuela" name="Delta Amacuro" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Delta Amacuro</collectingRegion>
, Río Orinoco downstream Isla Portuguesa about 116.5 nautical miles from sea buoy, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE25504FAB1C1E0E27BCE608FB95FDAA" box="[981,1112,563,587]" degrees="08" direction="north" minutes="36" orientation="latitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" precision="15" seconds="12" value="8.603333">08º36’12”N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="EE25504FAB1C1E0E200BE608FB22FDAA" box="[1122,1263,563,587]" degrees="61" direction="west" minutes="46" orientation="longitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" precision="15" seconds="24" value="-61.773335">61º46’24”W</geoCoordinate>
. 
<collectionCode id="ED00AE4DAB1C1E0E2094E608FA9DFDAA" box="[1277,1360,563,587]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="Museum">USNM</collectionCode>
388748, 1, 
<collectingCountry id="F3067618AB1C1E0E2661E663FDB2FD91" box="[520,639,600,624]" name="Venezuela" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
, Río Orinoco. 
<emphasis id="B965EA9AAB1C1E0E275DE663FC79FD91" bold="true" box="[820,948,600,624]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Essequibo:</emphasis>
<collectionCode id="ED00AE4DAB1C1E0E27A9E662FBDEFD90" box="[960,1043,601,625]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="Museum">USNM</collectionCode>
404246, 1, 
<collectingCountry id="F3067618AB1C1E0E20CAE662FB33FD90" box="[1187,1278,601,625]" name="Guyana" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Guyana</collectingCountry>
, Cuyuni River, Cuyuni River about 
<quantity id="4CE99B6DAB1C1E0E26BFE645FCD2FD77" box="[726,799,638,662]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" unit="km" value="15.0">15 km</quantity>
upstream from Waikuni mountains in Vicinity of mouth of Toropaur River, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE25504FAB1C1E0E26BDE698FC9AFD5A" box="[724,855,675,699]" degrees="06" direction="north" minutes="41" orientation="latitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" precision="15" seconds="31" value="6.6919446">06º41’31”N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="EE25504FAB1C1E0E270AE698FC3DFD5A" box="[867,1008,675,699]" degrees="59" direction="west" minutes="34" orientation="longitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" precision="15" seconds="38" value="-59.57722">59º34’38”W</geoCoordinate>
. 
<collectionCode id="ED00AE4DAB1C1E0E2069E698FB9EFD5A" box="[1024,1107,675,699]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="Museum">USNM</collectionCode>
402687, 1, 
<collectingCountry id="F3067618AB1C1E0E208CE698FA8DFD5A" box="[1253,1344,675,699]" name="Guyana" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Guyana</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingRegion id="49D5F86AAB1C1E0E2138E698FD9BFD01" country="Guyana" name="Cuyuni-Mazaruni" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Cuyuni-Mazaruni</collectingRegion>
, sand beach in the Cuyuni River immediately downstream Kanaima falls, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE25504FAB1C1E0E2581E6D5FDA7FCE7" box="[488,618,750,774]" degrees="06" direction="north" minutes="52" orientation="latitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" precision="15" seconds="28" value="6.8744445">06º52’28”N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="EE25504FAB1C1E0E2618E6D5FD30FCE7" box="[625,765,750,774]" degrees="60" direction="west" minutes="14" orientation="longitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" precision="15" seconds="54" value="-60.248333">60º14’54”W</geoCoordinate>
. 
<collectionCode id="ED00AE4DAB1C1E0E276EE6D5FC97FCE7" box="[775,858,750,774]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="Museum">USNM</collectionCode>
402688, 1, 
<collectingCountry id="F3067618AB1C1E0E27B3E6D5FBF8FCE7" box="[986,1077,750,774]" name="Guyana" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Guyana</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingRegion id="49D5F86AAB1C1E0E2056E6D5FAC2FCE7" box="[1087,1295,750,774]" country="Guyana" name="Cuyuni-Mazaruni" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Cuyuni-Mazaruni</collectingRegion>
, Cuyuni River about 
<quantity id="4CE99B6DAB1C1E0E2658E728FDB1FCCA" box="[561,636,787,811]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" unit="km" value="15.0">15 km</quantity>
upstream from Waikuni mountains in Vicinity of mouth of Toropaur River, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE25504FAB1C1E0E265AE703FD7BFCB1" box="[563,694,824,848]" degrees="06" direction="north" minutes="41" orientation="latitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" precision="15" seconds="31" value="6.6919446">06º41’31”N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="EE25504FAB1C1E0E26D4E703FC84FCB1" box="[701,841,824,848]" degrees="59" direction="west" minutes="34" orientation="longitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" precision="15" seconds="38" value="-59.57722">59º34’38”W</geoCoordinate>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>