513 lines
67 KiB
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513 lines
67 KiB
XML
<document id="4519BC0E719E43BCAC25FBC85A4B7BA1" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5555.4.5" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14594996" ID-ZooBank="A8C17030-9299-49A3-B69C-0237DD2C3B32" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="carolina" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="carolina" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="carolina" IM.treatments_approvedBy="carolina" checkinTime="1735930485245" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J., Tavares, Gustavo Costa, Hu, Tian-Hao & He, Zhu-Qing" docDate="2024" docId="B2670A3A383AD6075ED6FEB3FCD7E547" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5555.4.5.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5555 (4)" docSource="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5555.4.5" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Pseudogryllotalpidae, syn. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="1" lastPageNumber="584" masterDocId="4E5E72423839D6025E41FFDFFFACE726" masterDocTitle="On the Myanmar amber field-crickets described as “ transitional ” mole crickets (Orthoptera: Gryllidea)" masterLastPageNumber="589" masterPageNumber="579" pageNumber="582" updateTime="1736254911360" updateUser="carolina" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:titleInfo id="9FC4ECCBB99EFB697FE154313C7A3EE1">
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<mods:title id="0099AA2E4081B0B5A529B54B640E3E46">On the Myanmar amber field-crickets described as “ transitional ” mole crickets (Orthoptera: Gryllidea)</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="860E7E51B95FFB1BCCCB8E0E2DBA6E5B" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="41DE48BE7BA5DF9D12D7DD2118AD82F3">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="3FFC7246A54BF40960D644E2FD872A98">Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="1F965173B57E3FFAF1624C30A3CB2422" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="B94B10057A3FEB61CF2F6BFAEF793D05">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="C69BBCE14A894AABAF4E9F6C9B15FAB4">Tavares, Gustavo Costa</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="59629D55AC855863324C05A7E419A94F">Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA), Instituto de Ciências Biológicas (ICB), Laboratório de Invertebrados, Av. Augusto Correa # 1 66075 - 110, Belém, PA, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="823585F1F39A9B4401D0E362D553BD1C" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="C6ED252DC709BA93AAE35BA8CDF2EBF2">
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<mods:roleTerm id="CAF98ED1DAF12CAC48D060E6798EEA08">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="A7203CCEFFF5D9E09DF338F1343765E5">Hu, Tian-Hao</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="2801DC310A15C6D87E9A53143AC728C9" type="ORCID">0000-0003-3210-961X</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="A5572858A8BBA6171AA4F3A6D0CE3545">Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas, Grupo de Investigación en Artrópodos “ Kumangui ” & School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="449141C7E3637B90A52068F0090F3FB1" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="2A9B793ABCEBC2F7D1AFB44F4593ABBE">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="FC1F7D7AA2B449F507403BC665EBAED3">He, Zhu-Qing</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="AC6C0C255833F25A51F355F95108951F" type="ORCID">0000-0003-4304-767X</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="C3F3B60BF25BB119B629F73557CC11A2">Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas, Grupo de Investigación en Artrópodos “ Kumangui ” & School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China & Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas, Grupo de Investigación en Artrópodos “ Kumangui ”</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="CA6437FE37B8900CA5B0C0A06866675A" type="email">zqhe@bio.ecnu.edu.cn</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="4A77606044EF08327D0880B3152B742A">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo id="BDF069F40E7EBB4F4753651F0902C5CD">
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<mods:title id="EFFD596F4CE96C76A67FAD1EA9709B68">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="CBE55AC73DE87760ABAE208A6D2431FA">
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<mods:date id="0F385A894B9B91C8FDA329FC43930CE2">2024</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="E944A65CFD437DAFB7FE0C551450E8C7">2024-12-20</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="198C0A885B657D307AC574B618990838" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="2609BCEBE5A72F8C95FA93131B6C7945">5555</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail id="6C01E133B550CA10CE99D3E08ED3D8B2" type="issue">
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<mods:number id="B508EC5B4A3C6B06D896FE3EE7A79415">4</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="EF724C0334CCA1ADBCFF5900E9EE0877">579</mods:start>
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<mods:url id="6A27BDF470250E721970ACB4AFE82D53">https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5555.4.5</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="3288B2A7A739EA7665DBB5955AC19306">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="B12F04280F429A2A4E8BC1F0A61CC943" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.5555.4.5</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="9D4B03075FFE549338A0D9FA647A14C2" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="AC3B62856691F0DDFD59F068A4B95D64" type="Zenodo-Dep">14594996</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="09F819B3A74277BFF7A7AEAEADBC52E4" type="ZooBank">A8C17030-9299-49A3-B69C-0237DD2C3B32</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment id="B2670A3A383AD6075ED6FEB3FCD7E547" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B2670A3A383AD6075ED6FEB3FCD7E547" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/B2670A3A383AD6075ED6FEB3FCD7E547" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="584" pageId="3" pageNumber="582">
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<subSubSection id="72D4E8A7383AD6015ED6FEB3FD68E6A2" box="[151,708,364,388]" pageId="3" pageNumber="582" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="3A71BB2C383AD6015ED6FEB3FD68E6A2" blockId="3.[151,708,364,388]" box="[151,708,364,388]" pageId="3" pageNumber="582">
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†
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<taxonomicName id="FDCEC0AF383AD6015EE0FEB3FED5E6A2" authority=" Gu, Yuan & Ma" box="[161,377,364,388]" class="Insecta" family="Pseudogryllotalpidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="582" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Pseudogryllotalpidae</taxonomicName>
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<bibRefCitation id="5E5FC6DD383AD6015FC1FEB3FDCDE6A2" author="Gu, J. - J. & Yuan, W. & Ma, L. - B. & Nel, A. & Xu, Z. - Q. & Wang, N. & Jiang, C. & Ren, D." box="[384,609,364,388]" pageId="3" pageNumber="582" pagination="412 - 428" refId="ref8665" refString="Gu, J. - J., Yuan, W., Ma, L. - B., Nel, A., Xu, Z. - Q., Wang, N., Jiang, C. ,, Ren, D. & Yue. Y. (2024) More than a name: mid-Cretaceous amber fossils link crickets and mole crickets (Orthoptera, Ensifera). Systematic Entomology, 49 (3), 412 - 428. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / syen. 12621" type="journal article" year="2024">Gu, Yuan & Ma, 2024</bibRefCitation>
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<emphasis id="08BA673E383AD6015C26FEB3FD68E6A2" bold="true" box="[615,708,364,388]" pageId="3" pageNumber="582">
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="1389DA45383AD6015C26FEB3FD68E6A2" box="[615,708,364,388]" pageId="3" pageNumber="582">syn. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="72D4E8A7383AD6075ED6FE6EFCD7E547" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="584" pageId="3" pageNumber="582" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="3A71BB2C383AD6015ED6FE6EFF58E6D6" blockId="3.[151,1437,433,2008]" pageId="3" pageNumber="582">
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<emphasis id="08BA673E383AD6015ED6FE6EFEB3E6ED" bold="true" box="[151,287,433,459]" pageId="3" pageNumber="582">Comments.</emphasis>
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†Pseudogryllotalpidae
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<emphasis id="08BA673E383AD6015C6DFE6DFD3AE6EA" bold="true" box="[556,662,434,460]" pageId="3" pageNumber="582">
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="1389DA45383AD6015C6DFE6DFD3AE6EA" box="[556,662,434,460]" pageId="3" pageNumber="582">syn. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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is proposed as a synonym under †
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<taxonomicName id="FDCEC0AF383AD6015A67FE6DFB7DE6EA" authorityName="Cadena-Castaneda & He" authorityYear="2023" box="[1062,1233,434,460]" class="Insecta" family="Gryllidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="582" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subTribe" subTribe="Pherodactylina">Pherodactylina</taxonomicName>
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for the following reasons:
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="3A71BB2C383AD6015E86FE25FE83E5EE" blockId="3.[151,1437,433,2008]" pageId="3" pageNumber="582">
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According to the principle of priority, †
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<taxonomicName id="FDCEC0AF383AD6015C28FE25FCB8E532" authorityName="Cadena-Castaneda & He" authorityYear="2023" box="[617,788,506,532]" class="Insecta" family="Gryllidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="582" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subTribe" subTribe="Pherodactylina">Pherodactylina</taxonomicName>
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is the oldest name that groups the fossil taxa †
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<taxonomicName id="FDCEC0AF383AD6015ABDFE25FA31E532" authorityName="Poinar, Su & Brown" authorityYear="2020" box="[1276,1437,506,532]" class="Insecta" family="Gryllidae" genus="Pherodactylus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL,GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="582" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="08BA673E383AD6015ABDFE25FA31E532" box="[1276,1437,506,532]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="582">Pherodactylus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(
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<typeStatus id="E575058E383AD6015EDEFDC1FF7DE51E" box="[159,209,542,568]" pageId="3" pageNumber="582">type</typeStatus>
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genus) and †
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<taxonomicName id="FDCEC0AF383AD6015F3BFDC1FBB5E51E" authority=", sensu Cadena-Castaneda et al. (2023)" authorityName="Cadena-Castaneda" authorityYear="2023" box="[378,1049,542,568]" class="Insecta" family="Gryllotalpidae" genus="Burmagryllotalpa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL,GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="582" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="08BA673E383AD6015F3BFDC1FDEFE51E" box="[378,579,542,568]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="582">Burmagryllotalpa</emphasis>
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,
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<emphasis id="08BA673E383AD6015C17FDC0FD38E51E" box="[598,660,543,568]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="582">sensu</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="5E5FC6DD383AD6015CE3FDC1FBB5E51E" author="Cadena-Castaneda, O. J. & Liu, Y. - J. & Yu, Z. - Y. & Hu, T. - H. & Wu, S. - Y. & He, Z." box="[674,1049,542,568]" pageId="3" pageNumber="582" pagination="48 - 64" refId="ref8111" refString="Cadena-Castaneda, O. J., Liu, Y. - J., Yu, Z. - Y., Hu, T. - H., Wu, S. - Y. & He, Z. (2023) Are the recently described fossil mole crickets of Myanmar amber real gryllotalpids? (Orthoptera: Gryllotalpidae & Gryllidae). Zootaxa, 5311 (1), 48 - 64. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 5311.1.2" type="journal article" year="2023">
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Cadena-Castañeda
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<emphasis id="08BA673E383AD6015DC1FDC0FC12E51E" box="[896,958,542,568]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="582">et al.</emphasis>
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(2023)
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</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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<bibRefCitation id="5E5FC6DD383AD6015A6BFDC1FB5CE51E" author="Gu, J. - J. & Yuan, W. & Ma, L. - B. & Nel, A. & Xu, Z. - Q. & Wang, N. & Jiang, C. & Ren, D." box="[1066,1264,542,568]" pageId="3" pageNumber="582" pagination="412 - 428" refId="ref8665" refString="Gu, J. - J., Yuan, W., Ma, L. - B., Nel, A., Xu, Z. - Q., Wang, N., Jiang, C. ,, Ren, D. & Yue. Y. (2024) More than a name: mid-Cretaceous amber fossils link crickets and mole crickets (Orthoptera, Ensifera). Systematic Entomology, 49 (3), 412 - 428. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / syen. 12621" type="journal article" year="2024">
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Gu
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<emphasis id="08BA673E383AD6015A18FDC0FB34E51E" box="[1113,1176,542,568]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="582">et al.</emphasis>
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(2024)
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</bibRefCitation>
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later included these two genera in †Pseudogryllotalpidae
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<emphasis id="08BA673E383AD6015CCDFD9DFD5BE57A" bold="true" box="[652,759,578,604]" pageId="3" pageNumber="582">
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="1389DA45383AD6015CCDFD9DFD5BE57A" box="[652,759,578,604]" pageId="3" pageNumber="582">syn. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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, along with additional genera such as †
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<emphasis id="08BA673E383AD6015A8CFD9DFA30E57A" box="[1229,1436,578,604]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="582">Pseudogryllotalpa</emphasis>
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(
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<typeStatus id="E575058E383AD6015EDEFDB9FF7DE5A6" box="[159,209,614,640]" pageId="3" pageNumber="582">type</typeStatus>
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genus), †
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<emphasis id="08BA673E383AD6015F05FDB9FE16E5A6" box="[324,442,614,640]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="582">Unidigitus</emphasis>
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, and †
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<emphasis id="08BA673E383AD6015C4AFDB9FDF5E5A6" box="[523,601,614,640]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="582">Petilus</emphasis>
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, as well as genera synonymized by
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<bibRefCitation id="5E5FC6DD383AD6015DBEFDB9FAC5E5A6" author="Cadena-Castaneda, O. J. & Liu, Y. - J. & Yu, Z. - Y. & Hu, T. - H. & Wu, S. - Y. & He, Z." box="[1023,1385,614,640]" pageId="3" pageNumber="582" pagination="48 - 64" refId="ref8111" refString="Cadena-Castaneda, O. J., Liu, Y. - J., Yu, Z. - Y., Hu, T. - H., Wu, S. - Y. & He, Z. (2023) Are the recently described fossil mole crickets of Myanmar amber real gryllotalpids? (Orthoptera: Gryllotalpidae & Gryllidae). Zootaxa, 5311 (1), 48 - 64. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 5311.1.2" type="journal article" year="2023">
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Cadena-Castañeda
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<emphasis id="08BA673E383AD6015A98FDB8FAB8E5A6" box="[1241,1300,614,640]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="582">et al.</emphasis>
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(2023)
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</bibRefCitation>
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like †
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<taxonomicName id="FDCEC0AF383AD6015EE4FD55FE8CE582" authorityName="Xu, Fang & Wang" authorityYear="2020" box="[165,288,650,676]" class="Insecta" family="Gryllotalpidae" genus="Tresdigitus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL,GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="582" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="08BA673E383AD6015EE4FD55FE8CE582" box="[165,288,650,676]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="582">Tresdigitus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. †Pseudogryllotalpidae
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<emphasis id="08BA673E383AD6015C6FFD55FD38E582" bold="true" box="[558,660,650,676]" pageId="3" pageNumber="582">
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="1389DA45383AD6015C6FFD55FD38E582" box="[558,660,650,676]" pageId="3" pageNumber="582">syn. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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was conceptualized similarly to †
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<taxonomicName id="FDCEC0AF383AD6015A48FD55FB1BE582" authorityName="Cadena-Castaneda & He" authorityYear="2023" box="[1033,1207,650,676]" class="Insecta" family="Gryllidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="582" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subTribe" subTribe="Pherodactylina">Pherodactylina</taxonomicName>
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, so we propose them as synonyms.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="3A71BB2C383AD6015E86FD0DFBBBE45A" blockId="3.[151,1437,433,2008]" pageId="3" pageNumber="582">
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Regarding morphology, †Pseudogryllotalpidae
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<emphasis id="08BA673E383AD6015CADFD0DFCF6E5CA" bold="true" box="[748,858,722,748]" pageId="3" pageNumber="582">
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="1389DA45383AD6015CADFD0DFCF6E5CA" box="[748,858,722,748]" pageId="3" pageNumber="582">syn. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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is diagnosed as having “Proximal flagellomeres markedly compressed; prothoracic legs robust, protibia paddle-like with dactylar processes on the inner side; probasitarsus elongated; mesotibia with two parallel rows of long dorsal setae; metatibia strong, covered by dense and stout setae, with some small denticle-like spines on the inner dorsal margin, becoming larger apically” (
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<bibRefCitation id="5E5FC6DD383AD6015B1DFCE1FF54E45A" author="Gu, J. - J. & Yuan, W. & Ma, L. - B. & Nel, A. & Xu, Z. - Q. & Wang, N. & Jiang, C. & Ren, D." pageId="3" pageNumber="582" pagination="412 - 428" refId="ref8665" refString="Gu, J. - J., Yuan, W., Ma, L. - B., Nel, A., Xu, Z. - Q., Wang, N., Jiang, C. ,, Ren, D. & Yue. Y. (2024) More than a name: mid-Cretaceous amber fossils link crickets and mole crickets (Orthoptera, Ensifera). Systematic Entomology, 49 (3), 412 - 428. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / syen. 12621" type="journal article" year="2024">
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Gu
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<emphasis id="08BA673E383AD6015BC9FCE0FF18E45A" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="582">et al.</emphasis>
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2024
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</bibRefCitation>
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). However, some discrepancies arise if we examine each characteristic:
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="3A71BB2C383AD6015E86FC5AFBCFE3C2" blockId="3.[151,1437,433,2008]" pageId="3" pageNumber="582">
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<emphasis id="08BA673E383AD6015E86FC5AFF73E4B9" bold="true" box="[199,223,901,927]" pageId="3" pageNumber="582">1)</emphasis>
|
|
“Proximal flagellomeres markedly compressed.” When comparing this with the specimens studied by
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="5E5FC6DD383AD6015B7EFC59FE09E4E2" author="Cadena-Castaneda, O. J. & Liu, Y. - J. & Yu, Z. - Y. & Hu, T. - H. & Wu, S. - Y. & He, Z." pageId="3" pageNumber="582" pagination="48 - 64" refId="ref8111" refString="Cadena-Castaneda, O. J., Liu, Y. - J., Yu, Z. - Y., Hu, T. - H., Wu, S. - Y. & He, Z. (2023) Are the recently described fossil mole crickets of Myanmar amber real gryllotalpids? (Orthoptera: Gryllotalpidae & Gryllidae). Zootaxa, 5311 (1), 48 - 64. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 5311.1.2" type="journal article" year="2023">
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|
Cadena-Castañeda
|
|
<emphasis id="08BA673E383AD6015F55FC74FEFCE4E2" box="[276,336,938,964]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="582">et al.</emphasis>
|
|
(2023)
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
and the photographs and drawings by
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="5E5FC6DD383AD6015D2DFC75FB87E4E2" author="Gu, J. - J. & Yuan, W. & Ma, L. - B. & Nel, A. & Xu, Z. - Q. & Wang, N. & Jiang, C. & Ren, D." box="[876,1067,938,964]" pageId="3" pageNumber="582" pagination="412 - 428" refId="ref8665" refString="Gu, J. - J., Yuan, W., Ma, L. - B., Nel, A., Xu, Z. - Q., Wang, N., Jiang, C. ,, Ren, D. & Yue. Y. (2024) More than a name: mid-Cretaceous amber fossils link crickets and mole crickets (Orthoptera, Ensifera). Systematic Entomology, 49 (3), 412 - 428. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / syen. 12621" type="journal article" year="2024">
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|
Gu
|
|
<emphasis id="08BA673E383AD6015DD8FC74FC78E4E2" box="[921,980,938,964]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="582">et al.</emphasis>
|
|
(2024)
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
, this character is not as evident as described by
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="5E5FC6DD383AD6015F13FC11FDA3E4CE" author="Gu, J. - J. & Yuan, W. & Ma, L. - B. & Nel, A. & Xu, Z. - Q. & Wang, N. & Jiang, C. & Ren, D." box="[338,527,974,1000]" pageId="3" pageNumber="582" pagination="412 - 428" refId="ref8665" refString="Gu, J. - J., Yuan, W., Ma, L. - B., Nel, A., Xu, Z. - Q., Wang, N., Jiang, C. ,, Ren, D. & Yue. Y. (2024) More than a name: mid-Cretaceous amber fossils link crickets and mole crickets (Orthoptera, Ensifera). Systematic Entomology, 49 (3), 412 - 428. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / syen. 12621" type="journal article" year="2024">
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|
Gu
|
|
<emphasis id="08BA673E383AD6015F3FFC10FE14E4CE" box="[382,440,974,1000]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="582">et al.</emphasis>
|
|
(2024)
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
. At least, the flagellomeres have a similar shape, tending to be sub-cylindrical. However, the scape may be moderately flattened dorsoventrally (although not very prominent), as seen in various field crickets like
|
|
<taxonomicName id="FDCEC0AF383AD6015F29FBC9FD11E317" authority="Gorochov, 1985" authorityName="Gorochov" authorityYear="1985" box="[360,701,1046,1073]" class="Insecta" family="Gryllidae" genus="Sclerogryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="582" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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|
<emphasis id="08BA673E383AD6015F29FBC9FE50E316" box="[360,508,1046,1072]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="582">Sclerogryllus</emphasis>
|
|
Gorochov, 1985
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
or
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|
<taxonomicName id="FDCEC0AF383AD6015CA9FBC9FA30E316" authority="Cadena-Castaneda, Tavares & Fernandes, 2022" authorityName="Cadena-Castaneda, Tavares & Fernandes" authorityYear="2022" box="[744,1436,1046,1072]" class="Insecta" family="Gryllidae" genus="Mellogryllus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL,GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="582" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="08BA673E383AD6015CA9FBC9FCDBE316" box="[744,887,1046,1072]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="582">Mellogryllus</emphasis>
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="5E5FC6DD383AD6015DC1FBC9FA30E316" author="Cadena-Castaneda, O. J. & Tavares, G. & Marin Fernandes, J." box="[896,1436,1046,1072]" pageId="3" pageNumber="582" pagination="408 - 420" refId="ref8021" refString="Cadena-Castaneda, O. J., Tavares, G. & Marin Fernandes, J. (2022 a) Studies on Neotropical crickets: Mellogryllus mutus n. gen. et n. sp., an intriguing new genus and species of cricket of the Miogryllae Group (Orthoptera: Gryllidae: Gryllinae: Gryllini: Brachytrupina) from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. Zootaxa, 5125 (4), 408 - 420. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 5125.4.4" type="journal article" year="2022">Cadena-Castañeda, Tavares & Fernandes, 2022</bibRefCitation>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
(
|
|
<taxonomicName id="FDCEC0AF383AD6015EDEFBE5FEA2E372" authorityName="Laicharting" authorityYear="1781" box="[159,270,1082,1108]" class="Insecta" family="Gryllidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="582" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Gryllinae">Gryllinae</taxonomicName>
|
|
), and even in
|
|
<taxonomicName id="FDCEC0AF383AD6015FF9FBE5FD72E372" authority="He, 2021" authorityName="He" authorityYear="2021" box="[440,734,1082,1108]" class="Insecta" family="Gryllidae" genus="Majialandrevus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="582" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="08BA673E383AD6015FF9FBE5FDC4E372" box="[440,616,1082,1108]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="582">Majialandrevus</emphasis>
|
|
He, 2021
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
and different
|
|
<taxonomicName id="FDCEC0AF383AD6015DC7FBE5FB80E372" authorityName="de Mello" authorityYear="1992" box="[902,1068,1082,1108]" class="Insecta" family="Gryllidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="582" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Odontogryllini">Odontogryllini</taxonomicName>
|
|
genera (
|
|
<taxonomicName id="FDCEC0AF383AD6015AD5FBE5FA88E372" box="[1172,1316,1082,1108]" class="Insecta" family="Gryllidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="582" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Landrevinae">Landrevinae</taxonomicName>
|
|
) (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="5E5FC6DD383AD6015B7CFBE5FE3EE35E" author="Cadena-Castaneda, O. J. & Tavares, G. & Marin Fernandes, J." pageId="3" pageNumber="582" pagination="408 - 420" refId="ref8021" refString="Cadena-Castaneda, O. J., Tavares, G. & Marin Fernandes, J. (2022 a) Studies on Neotropical crickets: Mellogryllus mutus n. gen. et n. sp., an intriguing new genus and species of cricket of the Miogryllae Group (Orthoptera: Gryllidae: Gryllinae: Gryllini: Brachytrupina) from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. Zootaxa, 5125 (4), 408 - 420. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 5125.4.4" type="journal article" year="2022">
|
|
Cadena-Castañeda
|
|
<emphasis id="08BA673E383AD6015F52FB80FEE2E35E" box="[275,334,1118,1144]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="582">et al.</emphasis>
|
|
2022
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
,
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="5E5FC6DD383AD6015FDEFB81FE76E35E" author="Cadena-Castaneda, O. J. & Liu, Y. - J. & Yu, Z. - Y. & Hu, T. - H. & Wu, S. - Y. & He, Z." box="[415,474,1118,1144]" pageId="3" pageNumber="582" pagination="48 - 64" refId="ref8111" refString="Cadena-Castaneda, O. J., Liu, Y. - J., Yu, Z. - Y., Hu, T. - H., Wu, S. - Y. & He, Z. (2023) Are the recently described fossil mole crickets of Myanmar amber real gryllotalpids? (Orthoptera: Gryllotalpidae & Gryllidae). Zootaxa, 5311 (1), 48 - 64. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 5311.1.2" type="journal article" year="2023">2023</bibRefCitation>
|
|
;
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="5E5FC6DD383AD6015FA6FB81FCBBE35E" author="Campos, L. D. & de Mello, F." box="[487,791,1118,1144]" pageId="3" pageNumber="582" pagination="151 - 178" refId="ref8203" refString="Campos, L. D. & de Mello, F. de A. G. (2014) Taxonomic studies on the Neotropical Landrevinae with description of new taxa (Orthoptera, Grylloidea, Gryllidae). Zootaxa, 3852 (2), 151 - 178. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3852.2.1" type="journal article" year="2014">Campos & de Mello 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
|
;
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="5E5FC6DD383AD6015D65FB81FC76E35E" author="Oya, B. H. K. & Santos, L. A. P. & Fernandes, J. A. M. & Tavares, G. C." box="[804,986,1118,1144]" pageId="3" pageNumber="582" pagination="203 - 213" refId="ref8935" refString="Oya, B. H. K., Santos, L. A. P., Fernandes, J. A. M. & Tavares, G. C. (2024) Contributions to Odontogryllini (Orthoptera: Gryllidae: Landrevinae) with comments on its taxonomic status and description of a new species of Xulavuna de Mello & Campos, 2014. Zootaxa, 5424 (2), 203 - 213. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 5424.2.4" type="journal article" year="2024">
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|
Oya
|
|
<emphasis id="08BA673E383AD6015D1AFB80FC3AE35E" box="[859,918,1118,1144]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="582">et al.</emphasis>
|
|
2024
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
), among others. This demonstrates it is not an exclusive characteristic of †Pseudogryllotalpidae
|
|
<emphasis id="08BA673E383AD6015D5CFB5DFC2BE3BA" bold="true" box="[797,903,1154,1180]" pageId="3" pageNumber="582">
|
|
<taxonomicNameLabel id="1389DA45383AD6015D5CFB5DFC2BE3BA" box="[797,903,1154,1180]" pageId="3" pageNumber="582">syn. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
, even though it is one of the two homologous characters (character 9: state 1) supporting this taxon. Upon examining this character and realizing it is not exclusive to †Pseudogryllotalpidae
|
|
<emphasis id="08BA673E383AD6015FF4FB15FDB1E3C2" bold="true" box="[437,541,1226,1252]" pageId="3" pageNumber="582">
|
|
<taxonomicNameLabel id="1389DA45383AD6015FF4FB15FDB1E3C2" box="[437,541,1226,1252]" pageId="3" pageNumber="582">syn. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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|
</emphasis>
|
|
, the clade grouping this family would lose stability.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="3A71BB2C383AD6015E86FB32FF55E10E" blockId="3.[151,1437,433,2008]" pageId="3" pageNumber="582">
|
|
<emphasis id="08BA673E383AD6015E86FB32FF72E221" bold="true" box="[199,222,1261,1287]" pageId="3" pageNumber="582">2)</emphasis>
|
|
“Prothoracic legs robust, protibia paddle-like with dactylar processes on the inner side.” This characteristic was analyzed by
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="5E5FC6DD383AD6015F17FACDFD15E20A" author="Cadena-Castaneda, O. J. & Liu, Y. - J. & Yu, Z. - Y. & Hu, T. - H. & Wu, S. - Y. & He, Z." box="[342,697,1298,1324]" pageId="3" pageNumber="582" pagination="48 - 64" refId="ref8111" refString="Cadena-Castaneda, O. J., Liu, Y. - J., Yu, Z. - Y., Hu, T. - H., Wu, S. - Y. & He, Z. (2023) Are the recently described fossil mole crickets of Myanmar amber real gryllotalpids? (Orthoptera: Gryllotalpidae & Gryllidae). Zootaxa, 5311 (1), 48 - 64. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 5311.1.2" type="journal article" year="2023">
|
|
Cadena-Castañeda
|
|
<emphasis id="08BA673E383AD6015C6CFACCFDC9E20A" box="[557,613,1298,1324]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="582">et al.</emphasis>
|
|
(2023)
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
. The comparison shows the different modifications seen in groups of orthopterans with legs adapted for digging. Although different, these groups share a pattern where the apical spurs of the fore tibiae take the form of dactyls or thickened spurs. Since they exhibit fossorial behavior, the effort required for digging is reflected in the first pair of legs being more robust than usual compared to related groups. That occurs in mole crickets, Jerusalem crickets, sandgropers, pygmy mole crickets, and modern field crickets, which are the most notable examples. That demonstrates that modifying the first pair of legs for digging has appeared multiple times and could be considered a convergence of different groups of orthopterans that share a subterranean lifestyle.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="3A71BB2C383AD6015E86F9EDFD07E0B6" blockId="3.[151,1437,433,2008]" pageId="3" pageNumber="582">
|
|
This characteristic was codified in the morphological matrix used by
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="5E5FC6DD383AD6015D9DF9EDFB3FE16A" author="Gu, J. - J. & Yuan, W. & Ma, L. - B. & Nel, A. & Xu, Z. - Q. & Wang, N. & Jiang, C. & Ren, D." box="[988,1171,1586,1612]" pageId="3" pageNumber="582" pagination="412 - 428" refId="ref8665" refString="Gu, J. - J., Yuan, W., Ma, L. - B., Nel, A., Xu, Z. - Q., Wang, N., Jiang, C. ,, Ren, D. & Yue. Y. (2024) More than a name: mid-Cretaceous amber fossils link crickets and mole crickets (Orthoptera, Ensifera). Systematic Entomology, 49 (3), 412 - 428. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / syen. 12621" type="journal article" year="2024">
|
|
Gu
|
|
<emphasis id="08BA673E383AD6015A46F9ECFBEDE16A" box="[1031,1089,1586,1612]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="582">et al.</emphasis>
|
|
(2024)
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
and corresponds to the binary character16 (leg development). Some comments must be made regarding the codification of this character once the two states are (0) “Not Sturdy” and (1) “Sturdy.” Additionally, this character was recovered as a synapomorphy of the clade Gryllotalpoidea + †Pseudogryllotalpidae. However, this character seems arbitrary, as no parameters define what constitutes a robust foreleg. All representatives of †Pseudogryllotalpidae were coded as having robust legs (state 1, see
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="5E5FC6DD383AD6015F14F939FE54E026" author="Gu, J. - J. & Yuan, W. & Ma, L. - B. & Nel, A. & Xu, Z. - Q. & Wang, N. & Jiang, C. & Ren, D." box="[341,504,1766,1792]" pageId="3" pageNumber="582" pagination="412 - 428" refId="ref8665" refString="Gu, J. - J., Yuan, W., Ma, L. - B., Nel, A., Xu, Z. - Q., Wang, N., Jiang, C. ,, Ren, D. & Yue. Y. (2024) More than a name: mid-Cretaceous amber fossils link crickets and mole crickets (Orthoptera, Ensifera). Systematic Entomology, 49 (3), 412 - 428. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / syen. 12621" type="journal article" year="2024">
|
|
Gu
|
|
<emphasis id="08BA673E383AD6015F3FF938FE03E026" box="[382,431,1766,1792]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="582">et al</emphasis>
|
|
. 2024
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
, Data S2). However, these crickets have legs similar to modern burrowing crickets, such as
|
|
<taxonomicName id="FDCEC0AF383AD6015EB3F8D5FE2DE002" authorityName="Cadena-Castaneda, Tavares & Fernandes" authorityYear="2022" box="[242,385,1802,1828]" class="Insecta" family="Gryllidae" genus="Mellogryllus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL,GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="582" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="08BA673E383AD6015EB3F8D5FE2DE002" box="[242,385,1802,1828]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="582">Mellogryllus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
. Additionally, the species
|
|
<taxonomicName id="FDCEC0AF383AD6015CECF8D5FBFEE002" authority="Saussure" authorityName="Saussure" authorityYear="1877" box="[685,1106,1802,1828]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmecophilidae" genus="Myrmecophilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="582" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="americanus">
|
|
<emphasis id="08BA673E383AD6015CECF8D5FC4AE002" box="[685,998,1802,1828]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="582">Myrmecophilus americanus</emphasis>
|
|
Saussure
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
(
|
|
<taxonomicName id="FDCEC0AF383AD6015A20F8D5FA80E002" authorityName="Saussure" authorityYear="1874" box="[1121,1324,1802,1828]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmecophilidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="582" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Myrmecophilidae</taxonomicName>
|
|
) was also coded as state 1, meaning it has a robust leg. However, these crickets have slender legs because, despite living in cavities, they are not burrowers but rather parasites in ant nests. Thus, they do not dig galleries; they merely take advantage of those built by ants (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="5E5FC6DD383AD6015C48F8A9FD32E0B6" author="Junker, E. A." box="[521,670,1910,1936]" pageId="3" pageNumber="582" pagination="93 - 106" refId="ref8831" refString="Junker, E. A. (1997) Untersuchungen zur Lebensweise und Entwicklung von Myrmecophilus acervorum (Panzer, 1799) (Saltatoria, Myrmecophilidae). Articulata, 12 (2), 93 - 106." type="journal article" year="1997">Junker, 1997</bibRefCitation>
|
|
).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="3A71BB2C383AD6065E86F846FCF6E63B" blockId="3.[151,1437,433,2008]" lastBlockId="4.[151,1437,151,2013]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="583" pageId="3" pageNumber="582">
|
|
<emphasis id="08BA673E383AD6015E86F846FF73E095" bold="true" box="[199,223,1945,1971]" pageId="3" pageNumber="582">3)</emphasis>
|
|
“Probasitarsus elongated.” This characteristic could be subject to variation. For example, it is not specified how elongated it is, which can lead to subjective interpretation. The consistent feature of this characteristic in the different fossil taxa analyzed here is that the first tarsomere of the foreleg can be as long as one-third or half the length of the foretibia. However, this first tarsomere can be similar in size to the third tarsomere or slightly longer, as can happen in different groups of crickets like
|
|
<taxonomicName id="FDCEC0AF383DD6065C81FF00FC86E7DF" authorityName="Laicharting" authorityYear="1781" box="[704,810,223,249]" class="Insecta" family="Gryllidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="583" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Gryllidae</taxonomicName>
|
|
or some
|
|
<taxonomicName id="FDCEC0AF383DD6065DD0FF00FBE8E7DF" box="[913,1092,223,249]" class="Insecta" family="Phalangopsidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="583" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Phalangopsidae</taxonomicName>
|
|
, among others (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="5E5FC6DD383DD6065AB4FF00FA3BE7DF" author="Desutter, L." box="[1269,1431,223,249]" pageId="4" pageNumber="583" refId="ref8319" refString="Desutter, L. (1990) Etude phylogenetique, biogeographique et ecologique des Grylloidea neotropicaux (Insectes, Orthopteres). Ph. D. Thesis, University of Paris, Paris, 347 pp." type="book" year="1990">Desutter 1990</bibRefCitation>
|
|
;
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="5E5FC6DD383DD6065ED6FEDCFDC7E63B" author="Cadena-Castaneda, O. J. & Garcia Garcia, A." box="[151,619,259,285]" pageId="4" pageNumber="583" pagination="273 - 290" refId="ref7952" refString="Cadena-Castaneda, O. J. & Garcia Garcia, A. (2020) Studies in Colombian Ensifera and adjacent countries: Gigagryllus, a new genus of giant field crickets (Orthoptera: Gryllidae) with comments on current Neotropical field crickets classification. Zootaxa, 4830 (2), 273 - 290. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4830.2.3" type="journal article" year="2020">Cadena-Castañeda & García García 2020</bibRefCitation>
|
|
;
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="5E5FC6DD383DD6065C34FEDCFCE2E63B" author="Tavares, G. C. & Oya, B. H. K. & Cadena-Castaneda, O. J. & de Oliveira, M. P. A. & Castro-Souza, R. A." box="[629,846,259,285]" pageId="4" pageNumber="583" pagination="82 - 111" refId="ref9253" refString="Tavares, G. C., Oya, B. H. K., Cadena-Castaneda, O. J., de Oliveira, M. P. A. & Castro-Souza, R. A. (2024) New species and records of Zebragryllus Desutter-Grandcolas & Cadena-Castaneda, 2014 (Orthoptera: Gryllidae: Gryllinae) from the Brazilian Amazon rainforest. European Journal of Taxonomy, 932, 82 - 111. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5852 / ejt. 2024.932.2511" type="journal article" year="2024">
|
|
Tavares
|
|
<emphasis id="08BA673E383DD6065C93FEDCFCA7E63B" box="[722,779,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="583">et al.</emphasis>
|
|
2024
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="3A71BB2C383DD6065E86FEF8FB89E6F7" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="4" pageNumber="583">
|
|
A similar character was used in the phylogenetic matrix and coded as the multistate character 23 (Probasitarsus length), with the state (0) “Basitarsus equal to the third tarsomere,” (1) “Basitarsus longer than the third tarsomere,” and (2) “Basitarsus shorter than the third tarsomere.” All †Pseudogryllotalpidae
|
|
<emphasis id="08BA673E383DD6065A68FEB0FB3EE6AF" bold="true" box="[1065,1170,367,393]" pageId="4" pageNumber="583">
|
|
<taxonomicNameLabel id="1389DA45383DD6065A68FEB0FB3EE6AF" box="[1065,1170,367,393]" pageId="4" pageNumber="583">syn. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
species (with available information) were coded as state 1. However, this clearly is not a unique characteristic of this taxon once other
|
|
<taxonomicName id="FDCEC0AF383DD6065ED6FE68FEA3E6F7" authorityName="Laicharting" authorityYear="1781" box="[151,271,439,465]" class="Magnoliopsida" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="4" pageNumber="581" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="superFamily" superFamily="Grylloidea">Grylloidea</taxonomicName>
|
|
terminal taxa were also coded as state 1 (see
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="5E5FC6DD383DD6065D4CFE68FC1CE6F7" author="Gu, J. - J. & Yuan, W. & Ma, L. - B. & Nel, A. & Xu, Z. - Q. & Wang, N. & Jiang, C. & Ren, D." box="[781,944,439,465]" pageId="4" pageNumber="583" pagination="412 - 428" refId="ref8665" refString="Gu, J. - J., Yuan, W., Ma, L. - B., Nel, A., Xu, Z. - Q., Wang, N., Jiang, C. ,, Ren, D. & Yue. Y. (2024) More than a name: mid-Cretaceous amber fossils link crickets and mole crickets (Orthoptera, Ensifera). Systematic Entomology, 49 (3), 412 - 428. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / syen. 12621" type="journal article" year="2024">
|
|
Gu
|
|
<emphasis id="08BA673E383DD6065D77FE68FCCBE6F7" box="[822,871,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="583">et al</emphasis>
|
|
. 2024
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
, Data S2).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="3A71BB2C383DD6065E86FE05FD2EE58F" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="4" pageNumber="583">
|
|
<emphasis id="08BA673E383DD6065E86FE05FF72E6D2" bold="true" box="[199,222,474,500]" pageId="4" pageNumber="583">4)</emphasis>
|
|
“Mesotibia with two parallel rows of long dorsal setae.” This character is one of the synapomorphies (character 27: state 1) that supports the clade of †Pseudogryllotalpidae
|
|
<emphasis id="08BA673E383DD6065D0BFE20FC1FE53F" bold="true" box="[842,947,511,537]" pageId="4" pageNumber="583">
|
|
<taxonomicNameLabel id="1389DA45383DD6065D0BFE20FC1FE53F" box="[842,947,511,537]" pageId="4" pageNumber="583">syn. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
This has not been formally documented in other field crickets. However, it is also observed in other ground crickets such as
|
|
<taxonomicName id="FDCEC0AF383DD6065A77FDFCFB69E51B" authorityName="Cadena-Castaneda, Tavares & Fernandes" authorityYear="2022" box="[1078,1221,547,573]" class="Insecta" family="Gryllidae" genus="Mellogryllus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL,GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="583" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="08BA673E383DD6065A77FDFCFB69E51B" box="[1078,1221,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="583">Mellogryllus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="FDCEC0AF383DD6065A95FDFCFAC9E51B" authorityName="Desutter-Grandcolas & Cadena-Castaneda" authorityYear="2014" box="[1236,1381,547,573]" class="Insecta" family="Gryllidae" genus="Zebragryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="583" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="08BA673E383DD6065A95FDFCFAC9E51B" box="[1236,1381,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="583">Zebragryllus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="FDCEC0AF383DD6065ED6FD98FD95E547" authority="de Mello & Campos, 2014" authorityName="de Mello & Campos" authorityYear="2014" box="[151,569,583,609]" class="Insecta" family="Gryllidae" genus="Xulavuna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="583" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="08BA673E383DD6065ED6FD98FE89E547" box="[151,293,583,609]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="583">Xulavuna de</emphasis>
|
|
Mello &
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="5E5FC6DD383DD6065FD7FD98FD95E547" author="Campos, L. D. & de Mello, F." box="[406,569,583,609]" pageId="4" pageNumber="583" pagination="151 - 178" refId="ref8203" refString="Campos, L. D. & de Mello, F. de A. G. (2014) Taxonomic studies on the Neotropical Landrevinae with description of new taxa (Orthoptera, Grylloidea, Gryllidae). Zootaxa, 3852 (2), 151 - 178. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3852.2.1" type="journal article" year="2014">Campos, 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
(
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="5E5FC6DD383DD6065C08FD98FBF2E547" author="Cadena-Castaneda, O. J. & Tavares, G. & Marin Fernandes, J." box="[585,1118,583,609]" pageId="4" pageNumber="583" pagination="408 - 420" refId="ref8021" refString="Cadena-Castaneda, O. J., Tavares, G. & Marin Fernandes, J. (2022 a) Studies on Neotropical crickets: Mellogryllus mutus n. gen. et n. sp., an intriguing new genus and species of cricket of the Miogryllae Group (Orthoptera: Gryllidae: Gryllinae: Gryllini: Brachytrupina) from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. Zootaxa, 5125 (4), 408 - 420. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 5125.4.4" type="journal article" year="2022">Cadena-Castañeda, Tavares & Fernandes 2022</bibRefCitation>
|
|
;
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="5E5FC6DD383DD6065A2BFD98FAB2E547" author="Oya, B. H. K. & Santos, L. A. P. & Fernandes, J. A. M. & Tavares, G. C." box="[1130,1310,583,609]" pageId="4" pageNumber="583" pagination="203 - 213" refId="ref8935" refString="Oya, B. H. K., Santos, L. A. P., Fernandes, J. A. M. & Tavares, G. C. (2024) Contributions to Odontogryllini (Orthoptera: Gryllidae: Landrevinae) with comments on its taxonomic status and description of a new species of Xulavuna de Mello & Campos, 2014. Zootaxa, 5424 (2), 203 - 213. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 5424.2.4" type="journal article" year="2024">
|
|
Oya
|
|
<emphasis id="08BA673E383DD6065AE1FD98FB76E547" box="[1184,1242,583,609]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="583">et al.</emphasis>
|
|
2024
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
;
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="5E5FC6DD383DD6065B68FD98FF5BE5A3" author="Tavares, G. C. & Oya, B. H. K. & Cadena-Castaneda, O. J. & de Oliveira, M. P. A. & Castro-Souza, R. A." pageId="4" pageNumber="583" pagination="82 - 111" refId="ref9253" refString="Tavares, G. C., Oya, B. H. K., Cadena-Castaneda, O. J., de Oliveira, M. P. A. & Castro-Souza, R. A. (2024) New species and records of Zebragryllus Desutter-Grandcolas & Cadena-Castaneda, 2014 (Orthoptera: Gryllidae: Gryllinae) from the Brazilian Amazon rainforest. European Journal of Taxonomy, 932, 82 - 111. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5852 / ejt. 2024.932.2511" type="journal article" year="2024">
|
|
Tavares
|
|
<emphasis id="08BA673E383DD6065BC9FD98FF18E5A3" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="583">et al.</emphasis>
|
|
2024
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
). It suggests that this characteristic may occur in other crickets but has not been recorded in descriptions or studies, so it has probably been overlooked.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="3A71BB2C383DD6065E86FD6DFD5EE41F" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="4" pageNumber="583">
|
|
<emphasis id="08BA673E383DD6065E86FD6DFF73E5EA" bold="true" box="[199,223,690,716]" pageId="4" pageNumber="583">5)</emphasis>
|
|
“Metatibia strong, covered by dense and stout setae and with some small denticle-like spines on the inner dorsal margin, becoming larger apically.” This character is observed in modern and fossil
|
|
<taxonomicName id="FDCEC0AF383DD6065AD5FD08FE3DE433" authority="(Cadena-Castaneda et al. 2023)" baseAuthorityName="Cadena-Castaneda" baseAuthorityYear="2023" class="Insecta" family="Gryllidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="583" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Sclerogryllini">
|
|
Sclerogryllini (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="5E5FC6DD383DD6065B7CFD08FE26E433" author="Cadena-Castaneda, O. J. & Liu, Y. - J. & Yu, Z. - Y. & Hu, T. - H. & Wu, S. - Y. & He, Z." pageId="4" pageNumber="583" pagination="48 - 64" refId="ref8111" refString="Cadena-Castaneda, O. J., Liu, Y. - J., Yu, Z. - Y., Hu, T. - H., Wu, S. - Y. & He, Z. (2023) Are the recently described fossil mole crickets of Myanmar amber real gryllotalpids? (Orthoptera: Gryllotalpidae & Gryllidae). Zootaxa, 5311 (1), 48 - 64. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 5311.1.2" type="journal article" year="2023">
|
|
Cadena-Castañeda
|
|
<emphasis id="08BA673E383DD6065F51FD24FEEBE433" box="[272,327,763,789]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="583">et al.</emphasis>
|
|
2023
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
)
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
. This characteristic should also be evaluated in different groups of orthopterans with fossorial habits to confirm in which groups it might be present.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="3A71BB2C383DD6065E86FC9CFF76E217" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="4" pageNumber="583">
|
|
In addition to the characteristics presented in the diagnosis, we have to discuss some characters coded in the phylogenetic matrix and recovered as synapomorphies of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="FDCEC0AF383DD6065D5EFCB8FC3BE4A7" authorityName="Laicharting" authorityYear="1781" box="[799,919,871,897]" class="Magnoliopsida" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="4" pageNumber="581" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="superFamily" superFamily="Grylloidea">Grylloidea</taxonomicName>
|
|
and Gryllotalpoidea + †Pseudogryllotalpidae. Regarding
|
|
<taxonomicName id="FDCEC0AF383DD6065F50FC54FE20E483" authorityName="Laicharting" authorityYear="1781" box="[273,396,907,933]" class="Magnoliopsida" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="4" pageNumber="581" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="superFamily" superFamily="Grylloidea">Grylloidea</taxonomicName>
|
|
, three characters were recovered as synapomorphies: 29(0), 34(0), and 37(0). The homologous state 0 (no) of character 29 (Mesotibia with apical spurs ia1, ia2, oa1, and oa2) was recovered as a synapomorphy of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="FDCEC0AF383DD6065ED6FC0CFEBEE4CB" authorityName="Laicharting" authorityYear="1781" box="[151,274,979,1005]" class="Magnoliopsida" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="4" pageNumber="581" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="superFamily" superFamily="Grylloidea">Grylloidea</taxonomicName>
|
|
. All terminals of the clade Gryllotalpoidea + †Pseudogryllotalpidae and the two outgroups were coded as state 1 (yes). However, it is not possible to visualize the ventral apical spur in any of the presented images of the †Pseudogryllotalpidae specimens, only in the vector illustrations where a small ventral spur is represented behind the other spurs (see
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="5E5FC6DD383DD6065F3CFBE0FD88E37F" author="Gu, J. - J. & Yuan, W. & Ma, L. - B. & Nel, A. & Xu, Z. - Q. & Wang, N. & Jiang, C. & Ren, D." box="[381,548,1087,1113]" pageId="4" pageNumber="583" pagination="412 - 428" refId="ref8665" refString="Gu, J. - J., Yuan, W., Ma, L. - B., Nel, A., Xu, Z. - Q., Wang, N., Jiang, C. ,, Ren, D. & Yue. Y. (2024) More than a name: mid-Cretaceous amber fossils link crickets and mole crickets (Orthoptera, Ensifera). Systematic Entomology, 49 (3), 412 - 428. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / syen. 12621" type="journal article" year="2024">
|
|
Gu
|
|
<emphasis id="08BA673E383DD6065FE6FBE0FE4DE37F" box="[423,481,1087,1113]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="583">et al.</emphasis>
|
|
2024
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
, Figs 4D, 5F). In the original description of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="FDCEC0AF383DD6065A5EFBE0FAC6E37F" authorityName="Poinar, Su & Brown" authorityYear="2020" box="[1055,1386,1087,1113]" class="Insecta" family="Gryllidae" genus="Pherodactylus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL,GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="583" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="micromorphus">
|
|
<emphasis id="08BA673E383DD6065A5EFBE0FAC6E37F" box="[1055,1386,1087,1113]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="583">Pherodactylus micromorphus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, the authors described it as having only four median spurs (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="5E5FC6DD383DD6065CAFFBBCFC1BE35B" author="Poinar Jr., G. & Su, Y. N. & Brown, A. E." box="[750,951,1123,1149]" pageId="4" pageNumber="583" pagination="33 - 38" refId="ref9107" refString="Poinar Jr., G., Su, Y. N. & Brown, A. E. (2020) A new genus of crickets (Orthoptera: Gryllidae) in Mid-Cretaceous Myanmar Amber. Biosis: Biological Systems, 1 (1), 33 - 38. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.37819 / biosis. 001.01.0049" type="journal article" year="2020">
|
|
Poinar
|
|
<emphasis id="08BA673E383DD6065D7FFBBCFCC2E35B" box="[830,878,1123,1149]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="583">et al</emphasis>
|
|
. 2020
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
). Modern gryllotalpids also have four apical spurs on the mesotibia, as does
|
|
<taxonomicName id="FDCEC0AF383DD6065FB4FB58FA8AE387" authority="Perrichot, Neraudeau, Azar, Menier & Nel (2002)" authorityName="Perrichot, Neraudeau, Azar, Menier & Nel" authorityYear="2002" box="[501,1318,1159,1185]" class="Insecta" family="Gryllotalpidae" genus="Marchandia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="583" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="magnifica">
|
|
<emphasis id="08BA673E383DD6065FB4FB58FD58E387" box="[501,756,1159,1185]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="583">Marchandia magnifica</emphasis>
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="5E5FC6DD383DD6065CBAFB58FA8AE387" author="Perrichot, V. & Neraudeau, D. & Azar, D. & Menier, J. J. & Nel, A." box="[763,1318,1159,1185]" pageId="4" pageNumber="583" pagination="307 - 314" refId="ref9027" refString="Perrichot, V., Neraudeau, D., Azar, D., Menier, J. J. & Nel, A. (2002) A new genus and species of fossil mole cricket in the Lower Cretaceous amber of Charente-Maritime, SW France (Insecta: Orthoptera: Gryllotalpidae). Cretaceous Research, 23 (3), 307 - 314. https: // doi. org / 10.1006 / cres. 2002.1011" type="journal article" year="2002">Perrichot, Néraudeau, Azar, Menier & Nel (2002)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
. However, all these taxa were coded as having five spurs. It was not possible to confirm if the outgroups,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="FDCEC0AF383DD6065AECFB74FE38E3CF" authority="Liu, Zhou, Bi & Tang" authorityName="Liu, Zhou, Bi & Tang" authorityYear="2009" class="Insecta" family="Prophalangopsidae" genus="Aboilomimus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="583" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ornatus">
|
|
<emphasis id="08BA673E383DD6065AECFB74FA31E3E2" box="[1197,1437,1195,1221]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="583">Aboilomimus ornatus</emphasis>
|
|
Liu, Zhou, Bi & Tang
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="FDCEC0AF383DD6065F8EFB10FCB3E3CF" authority="(Haan)" baseAuthorityName="Haan" baseAuthorityYear="1843" box="[463,799,1231,1257]" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Mecopoda" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="583" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="niponensis">
|
|
<emphasis id="08BA673E383DD6065F8EFB10FD6AE3CE" box="[463,710,1231,1257]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="583">Mecopoda niponensis</emphasis>
|
|
(Haan)
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, had four or five apical spurs once this character is not described in the original descriptions. However, it is not of our knowledge that any
|
|
<taxonomicName id="FDCEC0AF383DD6065A1BFB2CFB41E22B" authorityName="Krauss" authorityYear="1902" box="[1114,1261,1267,1293]" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="583" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Tettigoniidae</taxonomicName>
|
|
has five apical spurs.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="3A71BB2C383DD6065E86FAE4FAF1E2E7" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="4" pageNumber="583">
|
|
The homoplastic state 0 (no) of character 34 (Metatibia apical spurs disposed around the tibial apex) was recovered as a synapomorphy of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="FDCEC0AF383DD6065C41FA80FDD7E25F" authorityName="Laicharting" authorityYear="1781" box="[512,635,1375,1401]" class="Magnoliopsida" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="4" pageNumber="581" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="superFamily" superFamily="Grylloidea">Grylloidea</taxonomicName>
|
|
. However, the apical spurs of all taxa of †Pseudogryllotalpidae
|
|
<emphasis id="08BA673E383DD6065B71FA80FA39E25F" bold="true" box="[1328,1429,1375,1401]" pageId="4" pageNumber="583">
|
|
<taxonomicNameLabel id="1389DA45383DD6065B71FA80FA39E25F" box="[1328,1429,1375,1401]" pageId="4" pageNumber="583">syn. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
, represented in all the images presented in the work of
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="5E5FC6DD383DD6065CB6FA5CFC06E2BB" author="Gu, J. - J. & Yuan, W. & Ma, L. - B. & Nel, A. & Xu, Z. - Q. & Wang, N. & Jiang, C. & Ren, D." box="[759,938,1411,1437]" pageId="4" pageNumber="583" pagination="412 - 428" refId="ref8665" refString="Gu, J. - J., Yuan, W., Ma, L. - B., Nel, A., Xu, Z. - Q., Wang, N., Jiang, C. ,, Ren, D. & Yue. Y. (2024) More than a name: mid-Cretaceous amber fossils link crickets and mole crickets (Orthoptera, Ensifera). Systematic Entomology, 49 (3), 412 - 428. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / syen. 12621" type="journal article" year="2024">
|
|
Gu
|
|
<emphasis id="08BA673E383DD6065D61FA5CFCF5E2BB" box="[800,857,1411,1437]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="583">et al.</emphasis>
|
|
(2024)
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
or of previously described species (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="5E5FC6DD383DD6065B7CFA5CFE27E2E7" author="Cadena-Castaneda, O. J. & Liu, Y. - J. & Yu, Z. - Y. & Hu, T. - H. & Wu, S. - Y. & He, Z." pageId="4" pageNumber="583" pagination="48 - 64" refId="ref8111" refString="Cadena-Castaneda, O. J., Liu, Y. - J., Yu, Z. - Y., Hu, T. - H., Wu, S. - Y. & He, Z. (2023) Are the recently described fossil mole crickets of Myanmar amber real gryllotalpids? (Orthoptera: Gryllotalpidae & Gryllidae). Zootaxa, 5311 (1), 48 - 64. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 5311.1.2" type="journal article" year="2023">
|
|
Cadena-Castañeda
|
|
<emphasis id="08BA673E383DD6065F50FA78FEE6E2E7" box="[273,330,1447,1473]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="583">et al.</emphasis>
|
|
2023
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
;
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="5E5FC6DD383DD6065FD6FA78FDCEE2E7" author="Poinar Jr., G. & Su, Y. N. & Brown, A. E." box="[407,610,1447,1473]" pageId="4" pageNumber="583" pagination="33 - 38" refId="ref9107" refString="Poinar Jr., G., Su, Y. N. & Brown, A. E. (2020) A new genus of crickets (Orthoptera: Gryllidae) in Mid-Cretaceous Myanmar Amber. Biosis: Biological Systems, 1 (1), 33 - 38. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.37819 / biosis. 001.01.0049" type="journal article" year="2020">
|
|
Poinar
|
|
<emphasis id="08BA673E383DD6065FA6FA78FDB4E2E7" box="[487,536,1447,1473]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="583">et al</emphasis>
|
|
. 2020
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
), are arranged in pairs, three on each margin, as in other
|
|
<taxonomicName id="FDCEC0AF383DD6065A9CFA78FAF4E2E7" authorityName="Laicharting" authorityYear="1781" box="[1245,1368,1447,1473]" class="Magnoliopsida" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="4" pageNumber="581" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="superFamily" superFamily="Grylloidea">Grylloidea</taxonomicName>
|
|
.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="3A71BB2C383DD6065E86FA14FB2FE1BF" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="4" pageNumber="583">
|
|
Regarding the clade Gryllotalpoidea + †Pseudogryllotalpidae, the homologous state 1 (longer than the pronotum but shorter than the body) of character 7 (antenna length) was recovered as a synapomorphy. However, this trait is frequently found in
|
|
<taxonomicName id="FDCEC0AF383DD6065FE2F9CCFDBCE10B" authorityName="Laicharting" authorityYear="1781" box="[419,528,1555,1581]" class="Insecta" family="Gryllidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="583" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Gryllidae</taxonomicName>
|
|
, especially those with burrowing habits (e.g.,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="FDCEC0AF383DD6065A72F9CCFB68E10B" authorityName="Desutter-Grandcolas & Cadena-Castaneda" authorityYear="2014" box="[1075,1220,1555,1581]" class="Insecta" family="Gryllidae" genus="Zebragryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="583" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="08BA673E383DD6065A72F9CCFB68E10B" box="[1075,1220,1555,1581]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="583">Zebragryllus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
and
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|
<taxonomicName id="FDCEC0AF383DD6065B45F9CCFA3FE10B" authorityName="Cadena-Castaneda, Tavares & Fernandes" authorityYear="2022" box="[1284,1427,1555,1581]" class="Insecta" family="Gryllidae" genus="Mellogryllus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL,GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="583" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="08BA673E383DD6065B45F9CCFA3FE10B" box="[1284,1427,1555,1581]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="583">Mellogryllus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
) (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="5E5FC6DD383DD6065EDEF9E8FEF6E177" author="Oya, B. H. K. & Santos, L. A. P. & Fernandes, J. A. M. & Tavares, G. C." box="[159,346,1591,1617]" pageId="4" pageNumber="583" pagination="203 - 213" refId="ref8935" refString="Oya, B. H. K., Santos, L. A. P., Fernandes, J. A. M. & Tavares, G. C. (2024) Contributions to Odontogryllini (Orthoptera: Gryllidae: Landrevinae) with comments on its taxonomic status and description of a new species of Xulavuna de Mello & Campos, 2014. Zootaxa, 5424 (2), 203 - 213. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 5424.2.4" type="journal article" year="2024">
|
|
Oya
|
|
<emphasis id="08BA673E383DD6065E98F9E8FEB8E177" box="[217,276,1591,1617]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="583">et al.</emphasis>
|
|
2024
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
;
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="5E5FC6DD383DD6065F26F9E8FDE5E177" author="Tavares, G. C. & Oya, B. H. K. & Cadena-Castaneda, O. J. & de Oliveira, M. P. A. & Castro-Souza, R. A." box="[359,585,1591,1617]" pageId="4" pageNumber="583" pagination="82 - 111" refId="ref9253" refString="Tavares, G. C., Oya, B. H. K., Cadena-Castaneda, O. J., de Oliveira, M. P. A. & Castro-Souza, R. A. (2024) New species and records of Zebragryllus Desutter-Grandcolas & Cadena-Castaneda, 2014 (Orthoptera: Gryllidae: Gryllinae) from the Brazilian Amazon rainforest. European Journal of Taxonomy, 932, 82 - 111. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5852 / ejt. 2024.932.2511" type="journal article" year="2024">
|
|
Tavares
|
|
<emphasis id="08BA673E383DD6065F89F9E8FDAFE177" box="[456,515,1591,1617]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="583">et al.</emphasis>
|
|
2024
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
). The species
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|
<taxonomicName id="FDCEC0AF383DD6065CAFF9E8FA30E177" authority="Saussure, 1877" authorityName="Saussure" authorityYear="1877" box="[750,1436,1591,1617]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmecophilidae" genus="Myrmecophilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="583" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="americanus" subGenus="Myrmophilina">
|
|
<emphasis id="08BA673E383DD6065CAFF9E8FB4AE176" box="[750,1254,1591,1617]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="583">Myrmecophilus (Myrmophilina) americanus</emphasis>
|
|
Saussure, 1877
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
(Myrmecophylidae) was also coded as state 1, meaning its antennae are longer than the pronotum but shorter than the body. However, these crickets have antennae that are slightly longer than their bodies.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="3A71BB2C383DD6065E86F97CFCF2E00F" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="4" pageNumber="583">
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|
The homologous state 1 (with strong setae) of character 20 (external surface of the fore tibia) was recovered as a synapomorphy of Gryllotalpoidea + †Pseudogryllotalpidae. However, this trait is also found in
|
|
<taxonomicName id="FDCEC0AF383DD6065A95F918FACFE1C7" authorityName="Cadena-Castaneda, Tavares & Fernandes" authorityYear="2022" box="[1236,1379,1735,1761]" class="Insecta" family="Gryllidae" genus="Mellogryllus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL,GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="583" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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|
<emphasis id="08BA673E383DD6065A95F918FACFE1C7" box="[1236,1379,1735,1761]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="583">Mellogryllus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
. The species
|
|
<taxonomicName id="FDCEC0AF383DD6065EB1F934FE35E022" authorityName="Saussure" authorityYear="1877" box="[240,409,1771,1796]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmecophilidae" genus="Myrmecophilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="583" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="americanus">
|
|
<emphasis id="08BA673E383DD6065EB1F934FE35E022" box="[240,409,1771,1796]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="583">M. americanus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
(Myrmecophylidae) was also coded as state 1, meaning it possesses such setae on the fore tibia. However,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="FDCEC0AF383DD6065F0BF8D0FDFDE00F" box="[330,593,1807,1833]" pageId="4" pageNumber="583">
|
|
<emphasis id="08BA673E383DD6065F0BF8D0FE54E00F" box="[330,504,1807,1833]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="583">Myrmecophilus</emphasis>
|
|
species
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
do not exhibit this trait.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="3A71BB2C383DD6065E86F8ECFE3EE0B3" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="4" pageNumber="583">
|
|
The homoplasious state 1 (yes) of character 25 (ventral surface of the probasitarsus with strong setae) was recovered as a synapomorphy (homoplasy) of Gryllotalpoidea + †Pseudogryllotalpidae. However, this trait is also found in
|
|
<taxonomicName id="FDCEC0AF383DD6065EBDF8A4FE27E0B3" authorityName="Cadena-Castaneda, Tavares & Fernandes" authorityYear="2022" box="[252,395,1915,1941]" class="Insecta" family="Gryllidae" genus="Mellogryllus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL,GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="583" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="08BA673E383DD6065EBDF8A4FE27E0B3" box="[252,395,1915,1941]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="583">Mellogryllus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="3A71BB2C383DD6075E86F840FE4DE667" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,2013]" lastBlockId="5.[151,1437,151,609]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="584" pageId="4" pageNumber="583">
|
|
The homologous state 1 (yes) of character 31 (metatibia gradually thickened from the base to the tip) was recovered as a synapomorphy of Gryllotalpoidea + †Pseudogryllotalpidae. However, there is clear subjectivity here, as all representatives of Gryllotalpoidea and †Pseudogryllotalpidae
|
|
<emphasis id="08BA673E383CD6075DD2FF48FC50E797" bold="true" box="[915,1020,151,177]" pageId="5" pageNumber="584">
|
|
<taxonomicNameLabel id="1389DA45383CD6075DD2FF48FC50E797" box="[915,1020,151,177]" pageId="5" pageNumber="584">syn. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
were coded as having this character, but the metatibia presented in the work resembles that of a common modern cricket, with a slight gradual thickening from the base to the apex. Additionally,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="FDCEC0AF383CD6075C20FF00FCC5E7DF" box="[609,873,223,249]" pageId="5" pageNumber="584">
|
|
<emphasis id="08BA673E383CD6075C20FF00FCA3E7DF" box="[609,783,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="584">Myrmecophilus</emphasis>
|
|
species
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
have the metatibia slightly enlarged medially but narrow apically. On the other hand, the terminals used in the matrix to represent
|
|
<taxonomicName id="FDCEC0AF383CD6075A09FEDCFB6CE63B" authorityName="Laicharting" authorityYear="1781" box="[1096,1216,259,285]" class="Magnoliopsida" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="5" pageNumber="581" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="superFamily" superFamily="Grylloidea">Grylloidea</taxonomicName>
|
|
were coded as not having such a character state.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="3A71BB2C383CD6075E86FE94FCD7E547" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,609]" pageId="5" pageNumber="584">
|
|
Finally, it became clear to us that the codification of the matrix characters left room for subjectivity.Additionally, when analyzing the diagnostic characteristics of †Pseudogryllotalpidae
|
|
<emphasis id="08BA673E383CD6075DF6FEB0FBB2E6AF" bold="true" box="[951,1054,367,393]" pageId="5" pageNumber="584">
|
|
<taxonomicNameLabel id="1389DA45383CD6075DF6FEB0FBB2E6AF" box="[951,1054,367,393]" pageId="5" pageNumber="584">syn. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
, it becomes clear that they are not entirely exclusive to this family. However, compared with the morphological analysis of
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="5E5FC6DD383CD6075ACBFE4CFF48E6F7" author="Cadena-Castaneda, O. J. & Liu, Y. - J. & Yu, Z. - Y. & Hu, T. - H. & Wu, S. - Y. & He, Z." pageId="5" pageNumber="584" pagination="48 - 64" refId="ref8111" refString="Cadena-Castaneda, O. J., Liu, Y. - J., Yu, Z. - Y., Hu, T. - H., Wu, S. - Y. & He, Z. (2023) Are the recently described fossil mole crickets of Myanmar amber real gryllotalpids? (Orthoptera: Gryllotalpidae & Gryllidae). Zootaxa, 5311 (1), 48 - 64. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 5311.1.2" type="journal article" year="2023">
|
|
Cadena-Castañeda
|
|
<emphasis id="08BA673E383CD6075B22FE4CFA31E68B" box="[1379,1437,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="584">et al.</emphasis>
|
|
(2023)
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
, it is evident that †Pseudogryllotalpidae
|
|
<emphasis id="08BA673E383CD6075CFEFE68FC86E6F7" bold="true" box="[703,810,439,465]" pageId="5" pageNumber="584">
|
|
<taxonomicNameLabel id="1389DA45383CD6075CFEFE68FC86E6F7" box="[703,810,439,465]" pageId="5" pageNumber="584">syn. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
is a synonym of †
|
|
<taxonomicName id="FDCEC0AF383CD6075A44FE68FB1FE6F7" authorityName="Cadena-Castaneda & He" authorityYear="2023" box="[1029,1203,439,465]" class="Insecta" family="Gryllidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="584" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subTribe" subTribe="Pherodactylina">Pherodactylina</taxonomicName>
|
|
. Based on the same arguments provided in that morphological analysis, the original placement of †
|
|
<taxonomicName id="FDCEC0AF383CD6075A71FE04FB77E6D3" authorityName="Cadena-Castaneda & He" authorityYear="2023" box="[1072,1243,475,501]" class="Insecta" family="Gryllidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="584" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subTribe" subTribe="Pherodactylina">Pherodactylina</taxonomicName>
|
|
as a subtribe of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="FDCEC0AF383CD6075ED6FE20FE9DE53F" box="[151,305,511,537]" class="Insecta" family="Gryllidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="584" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Sclerogryllini">Sclerogryllini</taxonomicName>
|
|
is preserved, dismissing the idea that it represents a different family or a transitional group between crickets and mole crickets. On the contrary, these fossil crickets and the recently described
|
|
<taxonomicName id="FDCEC0AF383CD6075AEDFDFCFABAE51A" box="[1196,1302,547,572]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmecophilidae" genus="Myrmecophilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="584" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mutus">
|
|
<emphasis id="08BA673E383CD6075AEDFDFCFABAE51A" box="[1196,1302,547,572]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="584">M. mutus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
are notable examples of morphological convergence due to a similar lifestyle.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
</treatment>
|
|
</document> |