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<document id="95A1C7364043AEB5882D162AD2069247" ID-DOI="10.1051/parasite/2023058" ID-ISSN="1776-1042" ID-PMC="PMC10732140" ID-PubMed="38117273" ID-Zenodo-Dep="12628842" ID-ZooBank="DC25665A-E218-496B-974E-B813F69395E5" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="guilherme" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="guilherme" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="guilherme" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="GgImagineBatch,operationResults" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="guilherme" IM.treatments_approvedBy="guilherme" checkinTime="1719954839333" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Durette-Desset, Marie-Claude &amp; Digiani, María Celina" docDate="2023" docId="03ED87FEFF89FFCF271CFF08FEDEF94A" docLanguage="en" docName="Parasite.30.63.pdf" docOrigin="Parasite (Paris, France) 30 (63)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/parasite/2023058" docStyle="DocumentStyle:A40D95A4C09C797DBB807E438D2BF437.2:Parasite.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="A40D95A4C09C797DBB807E438D2BF437" docStyleName="Parasite.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="2" docTitle="Mawsonema mokwanense Smales &amp; Heinrich 2010" docType="treatment" docVersion="1" lastPageNumber="10" masterDocId="FFD4FF86FF81FFC6276DFFE6FF8BFF8C" masterDocTitle="Revision of the genera of Heligmonellidae (Nematoda, Heligmosomoidea), parasitic in Muridae from New Guinea" masterLastPageNumber="34" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="9" updateTime="1728046454050" updateUser="guilherme" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:title id="08A45F647291EE8F5A4664905E0C4156">Revision of the genera of Heligmonellidae (Nematoda, Heligmosomoidea), parasitic in Muridae from New Guinea</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="1F07ECB89C2389648657C5DDFD7F7CE2" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="86DA592687E4D5C511A81BAF1E8C83A8">Durette-Desset, Marie-Claude</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="265BFEE558F3426FCB80C5FF54B7202A">Institut de Systématique, Évolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB), Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, CNRS, Sorbonne Université,</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="BB14C926C0D6906D6A80DEAF93D3EA61">Digiani, María Celina</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="41E87A52BE4547EDA72D5BBB4481BD6C">CONICET-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Argentina &amp; División Zoología Invertebrados, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, Universidad Nacional de La Plata,</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="A76128F7DA3A3707C275B8D117E5CE68">Parasite</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="AFCEC43E2E4BCBE8996432C963550C1C">2023</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="7D28C1358BCA35625AD9F09950406E53">2023-12-20</mods:number>
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<subSubSection id="C35E6563FF89FFCE271CFF08FE42FE92" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF89FFCE271CFF08FE42FE92" blockId="8.[113,660,238,286]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF89FFCE271CFF08FE42FE92" bold="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
3.2.1 Analysis of data and difficulties encountered
<taxonomicName id="4C444D6BFF89FFCE27C3FEECFE42FE92" authority="Smales &amp; Heinrich, 2010" authorityName="Smales &amp; Heinrich" authorityYear="2010" box="[174,457,266,286]" class="Chromadorea" family="Heligmosomidae" genus="Mawsonema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="mokwanense">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF89FFCE27C3FEECFE42FE92" bold="true" box="[174,457,266,286]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Mawsonema mokwanense</emphasis>
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</emphasis>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C35E6563FF89FFCF271CFEA4FEDEF94A" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="10" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF89FFCE271CFEA4FE0AFEFE" blockId="8.[113,768,322,1532]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF89FFCE271CFEA4FD26FEDA" bold="true" box="[113,685,322,343]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">3.2.1.1 Synlophe (based on sections from 10 worms,</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF89FFCE27ADFEB8FE0AFEFE" bold="true" box="[192,385,350,370]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">sex not specified)</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF89FFCE27F4FE9CFF2BFDEB" blockId="8.[113,768,322,1532]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
Sections analyzed herein are within proximal body: male (Fig. 21/2A) and female (Fig. 23/2F), at midbody: male (Fig. 24/2B) and female (Fig. 27/2C), and within distal body: male (Fig. 28/2D) and female (Fig. 33/2E). Lateral cords illustrated in all figures and ridges numbered in Figures 21/2A and 23/
<specimenCount id="9D42FD61FF89FFCE27ACFDF5FF68FDA6" box="[193,227,531,554]" count="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="generic">2F.</specimenCount>
Axis of orientation described as subfrontal in [
<bibRefCitation id="EFD54B19FF89FFCE25B0FDF5FD7CFDA6" author="Smales LR &amp; Heinrich B." box="[733,759,531,554]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="1 - 28" refId="ref30293" refString="45. Smales LR, Heinrich B. 2010. Gastrointestinal nematodes of Paramelomys rubex (Rodentia: Muridae) from Papua Indonesia and Papua New Guinea with the descriptions of three new genera and four new species of Heligmonellidae and Herpetostrongylidae (Nematoda: Trichostrongylida). Zootaxa, 2672, 1 - 28." type="journal article" year="2010">45</bibRefCitation>
] within proximal part, lacking orientation in middle and distal part.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF89FFCE27F4FD89FDC6FC8C" blockId="8.[113,768,322,1532]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF89FFCE27F4FD89FE43FD0A" box="[153,456,623,646]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Within proximal body (male)</emphasis>
: in
<figureCitation id="137F2A6DFF89FFCE269EFD89FDD6FD0A" box="[499,605,623,646]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="7.[113,180,1808,1829]" captionTargetBox="[227,1361,238,1765]" captionTargetId="figure-1@7.[227,1361,238,1765]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 2. Genus Mawsonema Smales &amp; Heinrich, 2010. Body sections. A–F’ Mawsonema mokwanense Smales &amp; Heinrich, 2010. A, A’ within proximal body, male. B, C at midbody. B male, C female. D, E within distal body. D male, E female. F, F’ within proximal body, female. A–E synlophe of type I. F, F’ synlophe of type II. Source: A–F redrawn from [45]. A’, F’ modified figures: reversed on their frontal axes with respect to the originals. F’ axis of orientation reinterpreted as subfrontal." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12628846" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12628846/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Figure 2A</figureCitation>
, careen absent; 15 ridges small to minute, regularly spaced; presence of gap on right-dorsal quadrant (arrowhead). Most ventral ridges perpendicular to body surface; dorsal ridges oriented from right to left. Excretory glands observed in dorsal position.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF89FFCE27F4FCEEFD68FC78" blockId="8.[113,768,322,1532]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF89FFCE27F4FCEEFE29FC93" box="[153,418,776,799]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">At midbody (both sexes)</emphasis>
: in
<figureCitation id="137F2A6DFF89FFCE26BBFCE1FD22FC92" box="[470,681,775,798]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="7.[113,180,1808,1829]" captionTargetBox="[227,1361,238,1765]" captionTargetId="figure-1@7.[227,1361,238,1765]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 2. Genus Mawsonema Smales &amp; Heinrich, 2010. Body sections. A–F’ Mawsonema mokwanense Smales &amp; Heinrich, 2010. A, A’ within proximal body, male. B, C at midbody. B male, C female. D, E within distal body. D male, E female. F, F’ within proximal body, female. A–E synlophe of type I. F, F’ synlophe of type II. Source: A–F redrawn from [45]. A’, F’ modified figures: reversed on their frontal axes with respect to the originals. F’ axis of orientation reinterpreted as subfrontal." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12628846" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12628846/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Figures 2B and 2C</figureCitation>
, careen absent; 15 minute ridges regularly spaced. In
<figureCitation id="137F2A6DFF89FFCE252AFCC0FD3BFCB1" box="[583,688,806,829]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="7.[113,180,1808,1829]" captionTargetBox="[227,1361,238,1765]" captionTargetId="figure-1@7.[227,1361,238,1765]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 2. Genus Mawsonema Smales &amp; Heinrich, 2010. Body sections. A–F’ Mawsonema mokwanense Smales &amp; Heinrich, 2010. A, A’ within proximal body, male. B, C at midbody. B male, C female. D, E within distal body. D male, E female. F, F’ within proximal body, female. A–E synlophe of type I. F, F’ synlophe of type II. Source: A–F redrawn from [45]. A’, F’ modified figures: reversed on their frontal axes with respect to the originals. F’ axis of orientation reinterpreted as subfrontal." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12628846" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12628846/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Figure 2B</figureCitation>
(male), on left-dorsal quadrant, small dilatation present supported by two ridges whose tips are slightly divergent (curved arrows). Remaining ridges perpendicular to body surface.
<figureCitation id="137F2A6DFF89FFCE25FCFC64FC8BFC15" box="[657,768,898,921]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="7.[113,180,1808,1829]" captionTargetBox="[227,1361,238,1765]" captionTargetId="figure-1@7.[227,1361,238,1765]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 2. Genus Mawsonema Smales &amp; Heinrich, 2010. Body sections. A–F’ Mawsonema mokwanense Smales &amp; Heinrich, 2010. A, A’ within proximal body, male. B, C at midbody. B male, C female. D, E within distal body. D male, E female. F, F’ within proximal body, female. A–E synlophe of type I. F, F’ synlophe of type II. Source: A–F redrawn from [45]. A’, F’ modified figures: reversed on their frontal axes with respect to the originals. F’ axis of orientation reinterpreted as subfrontal." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12628846" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12628846/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Figure 2C</figureCitation>
(female), on dorsal, right-dorsal quadrant, presence of 2 minute ridges pointing to opposite directions (curved arrows); remaining ridges oriented mainly from right-dorsal to ventral side.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF89FFCE27F4FC1AFF4CFB46" blockId="8.[113,768,322,1532]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF89FFCE27F4FC1AFE64FB9F" box="[153,495,1020,1043]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Within distal body (both sexes)</emphasis>
: in
<figureCitation id="137F2A6DFF89FFCE2549FC1AFD73FB9F" box="[548,760,1020,1043]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="7.[113,180,1808,1829]" captionTargetBox="[227,1361,238,1765]" captionTargetId="figure-1@7.[227,1361,238,1765]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 2. Genus Mawsonema Smales &amp; Heinrich, 2010. Body sections. A–F’ Mawsonema mokwanense Smales &amp; Heinrich, 2010. A, A’ within proximal body, male. B, C at midbody. B male, C female. D, E within distal body. D male, E female. F, F’ within proximal body, female. A–E synlophe of type I. F, F’ synlophe of type II. Source: A–F redrawn from [45]. A’, F’ modified figures: reversed on their frontal axes with respect to the originals. F’ axis of orientation reinterpreted as subfrontal." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12628846" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12628846/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Figures 2D and 2E</figureCitation>
, careen absent; in
<figureCitation id="137F2A6DFF89FFCE2659FBFCFE28FBBD" box="[308,419,1050,1073]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="7.[113,180,1808,1829]" captionTargetBox="[227,1361,238,1765]" captionTargetId="figure-1@7.[227,1361,238,1765]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 2. Genus Mawsonema Smales &amp; Heinrich, 2010. Body sections. A–F’ Mawsonema mokwanense Smales &amp; Heinrich, 2010. A, A’ within proximal body, male. B, C at midbody. B male, C female. D, E within distal body. D male, E female. F, F’ within proximal body, female. A–E synlophe of type I. F, F’ synlophe of type II. Source: A–F redrawn from [45]. A’, F’ modified figures: reversed on their frontal axes with respect to the originals. F’ axis of orientation reinterpreted as subfrontal." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12628846" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12628846/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Figure 2D</figureCitation>
(male) 14 ridges, in
<figureCitation id="137F2A6DFF89FFCE25FEFBFCFD74FBBD" box="[659,767,1050,1073]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="7.[113,180,1808,1829]" captionTargetBox="[227,1361,238,1765]" captionTargetId="figure-1@7.[227,1361,238,1765]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 2. Genus Mawsonema Smales &amp; Heinrich, 2010. Body sections. A–F’ Mawsonema mokwanense Smales &amp; Heinrich, 2010. A, A’ within proximal body, male. B, C at midbody. B male, C female. D, E within distal body. D male, E female. F, F’ within proximal body, female. A–E synlophe of type I. F, F’ synlophe of type II. Source: A–F redrawn from [45]. A’, F’ modified figures: reversed on their frontal axes with respect to the originals. F’ axis of orientation reinterpreted as subfrontal." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12628846" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12628846/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Figure 2E</figureCitation>
(female) 16 ridges minute and regularly spaced. Most ridges apparently perpendicular to body surface although in female, presence of small, mid-ventral dilatation supported by seven ridges including two with tips apparently divergent (curved arrows).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF89FFCE27F4FB34FE3FFA70" blockId="8.[113,768,322,1532]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF89FFCE27F4FB34FE5FFB65" box="[153,468,1234,1257]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Within proximal body (female)</emphasis>
: in
<figureCitation id="137F2A6DFF89FFCE2691FB34FDEBFB65" box="[508,608,1234,1257]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="7.[113,180,1808,1829]" captionTargetBox="[227,1361,238,1765]" captionTargetId="figure-1@7.[227,1361,238,1765]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 2. Genus Mawsonema Smales &amp; Heinrich, 2010. Body sections. A–F’ Mawsonema mokwanense Smales &amp; Heinrich, 2010. A, A’ within proximal body, male. B, C at midbody. B male, C female. D, E within distal body. D male, E female. F, F’ within proximal body, female. A–E synlophe of type I. F, F’ synlophe of type II. Source: A–F redrawn from [45]. A’, F’ modified figures: reversed on their frontal axes with respect to the originals. F’ axis of orientation reinterpreted as subfrontal." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12628846" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12628846/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Figure 2F</figureCitation>
, careen present (curved arrows on the left), made up of two ridges of which dorsal one larger than ventral one; 13 ridges (including careen) medium-sized to minute, almost regularly spaced, except for large gap on left-ventral quadrant (arrowhead). Tips of ridges 8 and 4’ divergent (curved arrows on the right); tip of ridge 5’ perpendicular to body surface. Remaining ridges oriented from right to left on dorsal and ventral sides. Axis of orientation of ridges oriented few degrees above frontal axis on right side, below frontal axis on left side.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF89FFCE271CF9C0FE1FF9DA" blockId="8.[113,768,1574,1836]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF89FFCE271CF9C0FD3AF9B6" bold="true" box="[113,689,1574,1594]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
3.2.1.2 Bursa (based on 12 worms, illustrated in [
<bibRefCitation id="EFD54B19FF89FFCE25E4F9C0FD29F9B6" author="Smales LR &amp; Heinrich B." box="[649,674,1574,1594]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="1 - 28" refId="ref30293" refString="45. Smales LR, Heinrich B. 2010. Gastrointestinal nematodes of Paramelomys rubex (Rodentia: Muridae) from Papua Indonesia and Papua New Guinea with the descriptions of three new genera and four new species of Heligmonellidae and Herpetostrongylidae (Nematoda: Trichostrongylida). Zootaxa, 2672, 1 - 28." type="journal article" year="2010">45</bibRefCitation>
]:
</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF89FFCE27ADF9A4FE1FF9DA" bold="true" box="[192,404,1602,1622]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Figs. 32, 34 and 37)</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF89FFCE27F4F9B8FD94F95C" blockId="8.[113,768,1574,1836]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Figure 32: entire bursa partially unfolded, orientation not specified. Figure 34: distal part of rays 8 and dorsal ray, orientation not specified; rays not illustrated up to base. Figure 37: entire bursa closed showing ventral rays.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF89FFCE27F4F93EFF6EF8A0" blockId="8.[113,768,1574,1836]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
From the written description [
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]: bursa dissymmetrical with left lobe larger than right one and pattern of
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both lobes.
</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF89FFCE271CF8AEFEA9F8D0" bold="true" box="[113,290,1863,1884]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">3.2.2 Comments</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF89FFCE271CF867FEADF819" blockId="8.[113,768,1920,2002]" box="[113,294,1920,1941]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF89FFCE271CF867FEADF819" bold="true" box="[113,294,1920,1941]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">3.2.2.1 Synlophe</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF89FFCE27F4F87BFAA0FDDA" blockId="8.[113,768,1920,2002]" lastBlockId="8.[813,1467,238,2003]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
Within the proximal part of the body, in the male section (
<figureCitation id="137F2A6DFF89FFCE2717F85DFF40F85E" box="[122,203,1979,2002]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="7.[113,180,1808,1829]" captionTargetBox="[227,1361,238,1765]" captionTargetId="figure-1@7.[227,1361,238,1765]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 2. Genus Mawsonema Smales &amp; Heinrich, 2010. Body sections. A–F’ Mawsonema mokwanense Smales &amp; Heinrich, 2010. A, A’ within proximal body, male. B, C at midbody. B male, C female. D, E within distal body. D male, E female. F, F’ within proximal body, female. A–E synlophe of type I. F, F’ synlophe of type II. Source: A–F redrawn from [45]. A’, F’ modified figures: reversed on their frontal axes with respect to the originals. F’ axis of orientation reinterpreted as subfrontal." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12628846" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12628846/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 2A</figureCitation>
) the dorsal position of the excretory glands seems at first sight unlikely since these glands reach the excretory pore, which is ventral by definition. However, the position of the excretory glands may be dorsal if the level of the section is distant enough from the excretory pore. Based only on the position of these glands, and without information on the exact level of the section, we cannot know if the dorso-ventral orientation of the section is right or not. Nevertheless, if
<figureCitation id="137F2A6DFF89FFCE2395FE40FACCFE31" box="[1272,1351,422,445]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="7.[113,180,1808,1829]" captionTargetBox="[227,1361,238,1765]" captionTargetId="figure-1@7.[227,1361,238,1765]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 2. Genus Mawsonema Smales &amp; Heinrich, 2010. Body sections. A–F’ Mawsonema mokwanense Smales &amp; Heinrich, 2010. A, A’ within proximal body, male. B, C at midbody. B male, C female. D, E within distal body. D male, E female. F, F’ within proximal body, female. A–E synlophe of type I. F, F’ synlophe of type II. Source: A–F redrawn from [45]. A’, F’ modified figures: reversed on their frontal axes with respect to the originals. F’ axis of orientation reinterpreted as subfrontal." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12628846" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12628846/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 2A</figureCitation>
is reversed on its frontal axis (
<figureCitation id="137F2A6DFF89FFCE2364FE22FBECFE50" box="[1033,1127,452,476]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="7.[113,180,1808,1829]" captionTargetBox="[227,1361,238,1765]" captionTargetId="figure-1@7.[227,1361,238,1765]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 2. Genus Mawsonema Smales &amp; Heinrich, 2010. Body sections. A–F’ Mawsonema mokwanense Smales &amp; Heinrich, 2010. A, A’ within proximal body, male. B, C at midbody. B male, C female. D, E within distal body. D male, E female. F, F’ within proximal body, female. A–E synlophe of type I. F, F’ synlophe of type II. Source: A–F redrawn from [45]. A’, F’ modified figures: reversed on their frontal axes with respect to the originals. F’ axis of orientation reinterpreted as subfrontal." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12628846" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12628846/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 2A’</figureCitation>
), the gap becomes right-rightventral, as it is frequent in the
<taxonomicName id="4C444D6BFF89FFCE231CFE05FAA4FE76" box="[1137,1327,483,506]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Nippostrongylinae">Nippostrongylinae</taxonomicName>
(arrowhead). Despite this reversion, there are still no groups of ridges oriented in opposite directions, and consequently it is not possible to determine an axis of orientation of the ridges.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF89FFCE2438FDBBFC49FCC6" blockId="8.[813,1467,238,2003]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
At midbody and within distal part of body (
<figureCitation id="137F2A6DFF89FFCE2245FDBBFA20FDF8" box="[1320,1451,605,629]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="7.[113,180,1808,1829]" captionTargetBox="[227,1361,238,1765]" captionTargetId="figure-1@7.[227,1361,238,1765]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 2. Genus Mawsonema Smales &amp; Heinrich, 2010. Body sections. A–F’ Mawsonema mokwanense Smales &amp; Heinrich, 2010. A, A’ within proximal body, male. B, C at midbody. B male, C female. D, E within distal body. D male, E female. F, F’ within proximal body, female. A–E synlophe of type I. F, F’ synlophe of type II. Source: A–F redrawn from [45]. A’, F’ modified figures: reversed on their frontal axes with respect to the originals. F’ axis of orientation reinterpreted as subfrontal." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12628846" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12628846/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Figs. 2B–2E</figureCitation>
), except for the presence of a pair of clearly divergent ridges in
<figureCitation id="137F2A6DFF89FFCE2440FD7CFC1CFD3D" box="[813,919,666,689]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="7.[113,180,1808,1829]" captionTargetBox="[227,1361,238,1765]" captionTargetId="figure-1@7.[227,1361,238,1765]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 2. Genus Mawsonema Smales &amp; Heinrich, 2010. Body sections. A–F’ Mawsonema mokwanense Smales &amp; Heinrich, 2010. A, A’ within proximal body, male. B, C at midbody. B male, C female. D, E within distal body. D male, E female. F, F’ within proximal body, female. A–E synlophe of type I. F, F’ synlophe of type II. Source: A–F redrawn from [45]. A’, F’ modified figures: reversed on their frontal axes with respect to the originals. F’ axis of orientation reinterpreted as subfrontal." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12628846" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12628846/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Figure 2C</figureCitation>
, the orientation of the ridges is rather disparate and it is likely that most ridges are in fact oriented perpendicularly to the body surface. The reason for the absence of an axis of orientation in these sections is the perpendicular orientation of the ridges, not a “loss of orientation” of these latter (as interpreted in [
<bibRefCitation id="EFD54B19FF89FFCE24F7FCD5FC3FFCC6" author="Smales LR &amp; Spratt DM" box="[922,948,819,842]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="85 - 94" refId="ref30391" refString="47. Smales LR, Spratt DM. 2008. Helminth assemblages of Uromys spp. (Muridae: Hydromyinae) from Australia, Papua New Guinea and Papua Indonesia and comparison with assemblages in Melomys spp. Australian Journal of Zoology, 56, 85 - 94." type="journal article" year="2008">47</bibRefCitation>
].
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF89FFCE2438FCB4FAA2FBAC" blockId="8.[813,1467,238,2003]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
Within the proximal part of another female (
<figureCitation id="137F2A6DFF89FFCE2235FCB4FA27FCE5" box="[1368,1452,850,873]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="7.[113,180,1808,1829]" captionTargetBox="[227,1361,238,1765]" captionTargetId="figure-1@7.[227,1361,238,1765]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 2. Genus Mawsonema Smales &amp; Heinrich, 2010. Body sections. A–F’ Mawsonema mokwanense Smales &amp; Heinrich, 2010. A, A’ within proximal body, male. B, C at midbody. B male, C female. D, E within distal body. D male, E female. F, F’ within proximal body, female. A–E synlophe of type I. F, F’ synlophe of type II. Source: A–F redrawn from [45]. A’, F’ modified figures: reversed on their frontal axes with respect to the originals. F’ axis of orientation reinterpreted as subfrontal." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12628846" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12628846/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 2F</figureCitation>
), several elements allow us to suggest that the original orientation of the section is erroneous: (1) the axis of orientation of the ridges is oriented from right dorsal side from left ventral side; (2) the dorsal ridge of the careen is larger than the ventral one; (3) the largest ridges are dorsal in position; and (4) dorsal ridges are more numerous than the ventral ones.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF89FFCE2438FBCEFA30FB7A" blockId="8.[813,1467,238,2003]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
Usually, in the
<taxonomicName id="4C444D6BFF89FFCE2496FBCEFB37FBB3" box="[1019,1212,1064,1087]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Nippostrongylinae">Nippostrongylinae</taxonomicName>
, (1) the axis of orientation of the ridges is oriented from the right-ventral to the left-dorsal quadrant or, at most, subfrontal; (2) when the ridges of the careen are unequal in size, the ventral ridge (1’) is always the largest; (3) other developed ridges are in mid-ventral or left-ventral position (never mid-dorsal); and (4) the ventral ridges are usually more (or as) numerous than the dorsal ridges.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF89FFCE2438FB1BFB01FA21" blockId="8.[813,1467,238,2003]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
For the orientation to be accurate,
<figureCitation id="137F2A6DFF89FFCE23B4FB1BFACFFA98" box="[1241,1348,1277,1300]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="7.[113,180,1808,1829]" captionTargetBox="[227,1361,238,1765]" captionTargetId="figure-1@7.[227,1361,238,1765]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 2. Genus Mawsonema Smales &amp; Heinrich, 2010. Body sections. A–F’ Mawsonema mokwanense Smales &amp; Heinrich, 2010. A, A’ within proximal body, male. B, C at midbody. B male, C female. D, E within distal body. D male, E female. F, F’ within proximal body, female. A–E synlophe of type I. F, F’ synlophe of type II. Source: A–F redrawn from [45]. A’, F’ modified figures: reversed on their frontal axes with respect to the originals. F’ axis of orientation reinterpreted as subfrontal." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12628846" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12628846/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Figure 2F</figureCitation>
should be reversed on its frontal axis (
<figureCitation id="137F2A6DFF89FFCE2326FAFAFB15FABF" box="[1099,1182,1307,1331]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="7.[113,180,1808,1829]" captionTargetBox="[227,1361,238,1765]" captionTargetId="figure-1@7.[227,1361,238,1765]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 2. Genus Mawsonema Smales &amp; Heinrich, 2010. Body sections. A–F’ Mawsonema mokwanense Smales &amp; Heinrich, 2010. A, A’ within proximal body, male. B, C at midbody. B male, C female. D, E within distal body. D male, E female. F, F’ within proximal body, female. A–E synlophe of type I. F, F’ synlophe of type II. Source: A–F redrawn from [45]. A’, F’ modified figures: reversed on their frontal axes with respect to the originals. F’ axis of orientation reinterpreted as subfrontal." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12628846" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12628846/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 2F’</figureCitation>
). In the re-oriented section, the axis of orientation of the ridges becomes subfrontal, it is determined by ridges 4 and 8’ (divergent) on the right (ridge 5 being perpendicular to body surface) and 1 and 1’ (convergent) on the left (curved arrows).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF89FFCE2438FA53FB85F8D5" blockId="8.[813,1467,238,2003]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
Smales &amp; Heinrich [
<bibRefCitation id="EFD54B19FF89FFCE233AFA53FBFAFA40" author="Smales LR &amp; Heinrich B." box="[1111,1137,1461,1484]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="1 - 28" refId="ref30293" refString="45. Smales LR, Heinrich B. 2010. Gastrointestinal nematodes of Paramelomys rubex (Rodentia: Muridae) from Papua Indonesia and Papua New Guinea with the descriptions of three new genera and four new species of Heligmonellidae and Herpetostrongylidae (Nematoda: Trichostrongylida). Zootaxa, 2672, 1 - 28." type="journal article" year="2010">45</bibRefCitation>
] stated in the “Remarks”: “
<taxonomicName id="4C444D6BFF89FFCE2455FA35FC30FA66" authorityName="Durette-Desset &amp; Digiani" authorityYear="2023" box="[824,955,1491,1514]" class="Chromadorea" family="Heligmosomidae" genus="Mawsonema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF89FFCE2455FA35FC30FA66" box="[824,955,1491,1514]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Mawsonema</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2035781FF89FFCE24ACFA35FB83FA66" box="[961,1032,1491,1514]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" rank="genus">n. gen.</taxonomicNameLabel>
has all the characteristics of the subfamily
<taxonomicName id="4C444D6BFF89FFCE2440FA14FC60F985" box="[813,1003,1522,1545]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Nippostrongylinae">Nippostrongylinae</taxonomicName>
except that the orientation of synlophe ridges exceeds the range given by Durette-Desset [
<bibRefCitation id="EFD54B19FF89FFCE220FF9F6FAE4F9AB" author="Durette-Desset M-C." box="[1378,1391,1552,1575]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="1 - 86" refId="ref28442" refString="4. Durette-Desset M-C. 1983. Keys to the genera of the superfamily Trichostrongyloidea, in CIH keys to the Nematode Parasites of Vertebrates. Anderson RC, Chabaud AG, Editors. Commonwealth Agricultural Bureaux International: Wallingford. p. 1 - 86." type="book chapter" year="1983">4</bibRefCitation>
]”. We believe that the “range” to which the authors refer is the range of the inclination of the axis of orientation of the ridges which, following [
<bibRefCitation id="EFD54B19FF89FFCE2480F98AFC71F90F" author="Durette-Desset M-C." box="[1005,1018,1644,1667]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="1 - 86" refId="ref28442" refString="4. Durette-Desset M-C. 1983. Keys to the genera of the superfamily Trichostrongyloidea, in CIH keys to the Nematode Parasites of Vertebrates. Anderson RC, Chabaud AG, Editors. Commonwealth Agricultural Bureaux International: Wallingford. p. 1 - 86." type="book chapter" year="1983">4</bibRefCitation>
], in the
<taxonomicName id="4C444D6BFF89FFCE2339F98AFA98F90F" box="[1108,1299,1644,1667]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Nippostrongylinae">Nippostrongylinae</taxonomicName>
ranges between 45° and 67° to the sagittal axis. However, since 1983, the separation of subfamilies based only on the inclination of the axis of orientation has become less reliable since, based on more recent data, the inclination of the axis in the
<taxonomicName id="4C444D6BFF89FFCE22E6F900FC4EF890" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Nippostrongylinae">Nippostrongylinae</taxonomicName>
actually ranges from 25° to 90° to the sagittal axis, a range which overlaps with that of the Pudicinae and the Brevistiatinae [
<bibRefCitation id="EFD54B19FF89FFCE249FF8A4FC74F8D5" author="Beveridge I &amp; Spratt DM &amp; Durette-Desset M-C." box="[1010,1023,1858,1881]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="557 - 612" refId="ref28306" refString="1. Beveridge I, Spratt DM, Durette-Desset M-C. 2013. Order Strongylida (Railliet &amp; Henry, 1913), in Handbook of Zoology Gastrotricha, Cycloneuralia and Gnathifera Vol 2 Nematoda. Schmidt-Rhaesa A, Editor. De Gruyter: Berlin. p. 557 - 612." type="book chapter" year="2013">1</bibRefCitation>
].
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF89FFCE2438F886FBCFF85F" blockId="8.[813,1467,238,2003]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
Nevertheless, we interpret the “exceptional” inclination (below the frontal axis) alleged by Smales &amp; Heinrich [
<bibRefCitation id="EFD54B19FF89FFCE2216F899FA1EF81A" author="Smales LR &amp; Heinrich B." box="[1403,1429,1919,1942]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="1 - 28" refId="ref30293" refString="45. Smales LR, Heinrich B. 2010. Gastrointestinal nematodes of Paramelomys rubex (Rodentia: Muridae) from Papua Indonesia and Papua New Guinea with the descriptions of three new genera and four new species of Heligmonellidae and Herpetostrongylidae (Nematoda: Trichostrongylida). Zootaxa, 2672, 1 - 28." type="journal article" year="2010">45</bibRefCitation>
] in
<taxonomicName id="4C444D6BFF89FFCE2440F878FC3BF839" authorityName="Durette-Desset &amp; Digiani" authorityYear="2023" box="[813,944,1950,1973]" class="Chromadorea" family="Heligmosomidae" genus="Mawsonema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF89FFCE2440F878FC3BF839" box="[813,944,1950,1973]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Mawsonema</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as a misinterpretation of the orientation of the section 2F (treated above).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF88FFCF271CFF08FE8BFE8E" blockId="9.[113,768,238,473]" box="[113,256,238,258]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF88FFCF271CFF08FE8BFE8E" bold="true" box="[113,256,238,258]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">3.2.2.2 Bursa</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF88FFCF27F4FEECFE0FFEF0" blockId="9.[113,768,238,473]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">In Figure 32, judging from the bursal shape and the position of the drawing strokes, the bursa is in ventral view. The ray bases are not illustrated. In Figure 37, only the divergence of rays 2 and 3 is illustrated.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF88FFCF27F4FE62FF6AFE54" blockId="9.[113,768,238,473]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Without description or illustration of the origin or level of divergence of rays 4-6 and 8, the bursal pattern cannot be confirmed.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF88FFCF271CFE14FEA2FD8A" blockId="9.[113,297,497,518]" box="[113,297,497,518]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF88FFCF271CFE14FEA2FD8A" bold="true" box="[113,297,497,518]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">3.2.3 Conclusion</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF88FFCF271CFDCCFEADFDB3" blockId="9.[113,769,554,1247]" box="[113,294,554,575]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF88FFCF271CFDCCFEADFDB3" bold="true" box="[113,294,554,575]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">3.2.3.1 Synlophe</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF88FFCF27F4FDA0FD72FCDE" blockId="9.[113,769,554,1247]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
Smales &amp; Heinrich [
<bibRefCitation id="EFD54B19FF88FFCF261EFDA0FE06FDD1" author="Smales LR &amp; Heinrich B." box="[371,397,582,605]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="1 - 28" refId="ref30293" refString="45. Smales LR, Heinrich B. 2010. Gastrointestinal nematodes of Paramelomys rubex (Rodentia: Muridae) from Papua Indonesia and Papua New Guinea with the descriptions of three new genera and four new species of Heligmonellidae and Herpetostrongylidae (Nematoda: Trichostrongylida). Zootaxa, 2672, 1 - 28." type="journal article" year="2010">45</bibRefCitation>
] studied the synlophe on
<specimenCount id="9D42FD61FF88FFCF25CDFDA0FF2CFDF0" count="10" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="generic">10 specimens</specimenCount>
but only 6 body sections were illustrated. It is not indicated if all body sections provided were taken from six different worms or made at different levels on
<specimenCount id="9D42FD61FF88FFCF2698FD44FDDFFD35" box="[501,596,674,697]" count="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="male">one male</specimenCount>
and
<specimenCount id="9D42FD61FF88FFCF25EAFD44FD76FD35" box="[647,765,674,697]" count="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="female">one female</specimenCount>
. Anyway, it is possible to state that the female synlophe illustrated on
<figureCitation id="137F2A6DFF88FFCF27B8FD39FEB0FD7A" box="[213,315,735,758]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="7.[113,180,1808,1829]" captionTargetBox="[227,1361,238,1765]" captionTargetId="figure-1@7.[227,1361,238,1765]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 2. Genus Mawsonema Smales &amp; Heinrich, 2010. Body sections. A–F’ Mawsonema mokwanense Smales &amp; Heinrich, 2010. A, A’ within proximal body, male. B, C at midbody. B male, C female. D, E within distal body. D male, E female. F, F’ within proximal body, female. A–E synlophe of type I. F, F’ synlophe of type II. Source: A–F redrawn from [45]. A’, F’ modified figures: reversed on their frontal axes with respect to the originals. F’ axis of orientation reinterpreted as subfrontal." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12628846" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12628846/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Figure 2F</figureCitation>
is very different from the others by having a well-developed careen, leading us to suggest that two different genera are present within the studied material. Based on the elements listed above,
<specimenCount id="9D42FD61FF88FFCF262CFCDDFE2EFCDE" box="[321,421,827,850]" count="2" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="generic" typeStatus="types">two types</specimenCount>
of synlophe could be described:
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF88FFCF27F4FCBFFD4BFBA4" blockId="9.[113,769,554,1247]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF88FFCF27F4FCBFFF50FCFC" box="[153,219,857,880]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<typeStatus id="54FF884AFF88FFCF27F4FCBFFF40FCFC" box="[153,203,857,880]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Type</typeStatus>
I
</emphasis>
: characterized by the absence of careen along whole body. With 15 ridges in male,
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female at mid-body,
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male,
<quantity id="4CBC9B0DFF88FFCF27DFFC70FF63FC21" box="[178,232,918,941]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.064" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" unit="in" value="16.0">16 in</quantity>
female within distal part. Ridges subequal, minute and regularly spaced. Within proximal part, ventral and left-ventral ridges oriented from right to left. At midbody and within distal part of body, no axis of orientation, most ridges being apparently perpendicular to body surface (
<figureCitation id="137F2A6DFF88FFCF2543FBF7FD39FBA4" box="[558,690,1040,1064]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="7.[113,180,1808,1829]" captionTargetBox="[227,1361,238,1765]" captionTargetId="figure-1@7.[227,1361,238,1765]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 2. Genus Mawsonema Smales &amp; Heinrich, 2010. Body sections. A–F’ Mawsonema mokwanense Smales &amp; Heinrich, 2010. A, A’ within proximal body, male. B, C at midbody. B male, C female. D, E within distal body. D male, E female. F, F’ within proximal body, female. A–E synlophe of type I. F, F’ synlophe of type II. Source: A–F redrawn from [45]. A’, F’ modified figures: reversed on their frontal axes with respect to the originals. F’ axis of orientation reinterpreted as subfrontal." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12628846" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12628846/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Figs. 2A–2E</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF88FFCF27F4FBC9FD22FB53" blockId="9.[113,769,554,1247]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF88FFCF27F4FBC9FF68FBCA" box="[153,227,1071,1094]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<typeStatus id="54FF884AFF88FFCF27F4FBC9FF40FBCA" box="[153,203,1071,1094]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Type</typeStatus>
<collectionCode id="ED55AE2DFF88FFCF27BEFBC9FF68FBCA" box="[211,227,1071,1094]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">II</collectionCode>
</emphasis>
: Only represented by a female section within proximal part of body (
<figureCitation id="137F2A6DFF88FFCF262BFBA8FE1EFBE9" box="[326,405,1102,1125]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="7.[113,180,1808,1829]" captionTargetBox="[227,1361,238,1765]" captionTargetId="figure-1@7.[227,1361,238,1765]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 2. Genus Mawsonema Smales &amp; Heinrich, 2010. Body sections. A–F’ Mawsonema mokwanense Smales &amp; Heinrich, 2010. A, A’ within proximal body, male. B, C at midbody. B male, C female. D, E within distal body. D male, E female. F, F’ within proximal body, female. A–E synlophe of type I. F, F’ synlophe of type II. Source: A–F redrawn from [45]. A’, F’ modified figures: reversed on their frontal axes with respect to the originals. F’ axis of orientation reinterpreted as subfrontal." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12628846" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12628846/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 2F</figureCitation>
). Characterized by a careen supported by two small ridges. With 13 ridges including the careen. Gap present on left-dorsal quadrant. Ridges of right-ventral quadrant most developed, but not larger than the ridges of the careen. Axis of orientation probably subfrontal.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF88FFCF271CFAE0FE8BFA96" blockId="9.[113,768,1286,1735]" box="[113,256,1286,1306]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF88FFCF271CFAE0FE8BFA96" bold="true" box="[113,256,1286,1306]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">3.2.3.2 Bursa</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF88FFCF27F4FAC4FF5DFA5E" blockId="9.[113,768,1286,1735]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
From the illustrations and the written description, it is not possible to confirm the pattern of the bursa. Twelve worms were studied but only one is described and illustrated, whereas
<specimenCount id="9D42FD61FF88FFCF27A1FA98FEA4FA19" box="[204,303,1406,1429]" count="2" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="generic" typeStatus="types">two types</specimenCount>
of synlophe have been highlighted. We have no data to attribute the described bursa to a given
<typeStatus id="54FF884AFF88FFCF25DCFA7AFD55FA3F" box="[689,734,1436,1459]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">type</typeStatus>
of synlophe.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF88FFCF27F4FA3FFEDEF94A" blockId="9.[113,768,1286,1735]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
There seem to be two taxa concerned in the description of this species (each characterized by a different synlophe): “
<taxonomicName id="4C444D6BFF88FFCF2710F9F1FEB9F9A2" box="[125,306,1559,1582]" class="Chromadorea" family="Heligmosomidae" genus="Mawsonema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="mockwanense">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF88FFCF2710F9F1FEB9F9A2" box="[125,306,1559,1582]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">M. mockwanense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
” and a
<taxonomicName id="4C444D6BFF88FFCF26E3F9F0FDC6F9A1" box="[398,589,1558,1581]" pageId="9" pageNumber="9" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Nippostrongylinae">Nippostrongylinae</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF88FFCF253AF9F1FDFEF9A2" box="[599,629,1559,1582]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">i.s.</emphasis>
1. Since we do not know what type of synlophe the
<typeStatus id="54FF884AFF88FFCF254DF9D3FDF1F9C0" box="[544,634,1589,1612]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
corresponds to,
<taxonomicName id="4C444D6BFF88FFCF27FAF9B2FE21F9E7" authorityName="Smales &amp; Heinrich" authorityYear="2010" box="[151,426,1620,1643]" class="Chromadorea" family="Heligmosomidae" genus="Mawsonema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="mokwanense">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF88FFCF27FAF9B2FE21F9E7" box="[151,426,1620,1643]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Mawsonema mokwanense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is considered a
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF88FFCF250EF9B2FF28F906" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">species inquirenda</emphasis>
. Being the type species of the genus, it is impossible to give a precise definition of it. We thus consider
<taxonomicName id="4C444D6BFF88FFCF2511F977FD74F924" authorityName="Durette-Desset &amp; Digiani" authorityYear="2023" box="[636,767,1681,1704]" class="Chromadorea" family="Heligmosomidae" genus="Mawsonema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF88FFCF2511F977FD74F924" box="[636,767,1681,1704]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Mawsonema</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
a
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF88FFCF27E8F956FEC6F94B" box="[133,333,1712,1735]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">genus inquirendum</emphasis>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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