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<mods:title id="272D3F522D7AAD2307FE15A5481111BB">Antaganides n. gen., a new genus of Middle Jurassic nautiloid, ancestor of Pseudaganides Spath, 1927, with discussion on the phyletic origin of the family Pseudonautilidae</mods:title>
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<mods:title id="D56C95F5BAA2EE36AA9052BA326059ED">Geodiversitas</mods:title>
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<treatment id="038A5F57FF80FFE00494A1B8FE5DF8C9" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13890349" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13890349" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:9DEFECCC-BA77-49A1-BA95-AEAB23E26268" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038A5F57FF80FFE00494A1B8FE5DF8C9" lastPageNumber="487" pageId="18" pageNumber="487">
<subSubSection id="C339BDCAFF80FFE00494A1B8FDEEFEC8" pageId="18" pageNumber="487" type="nomenclature">
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<taxonomicName id="4C2395C2FF80FFE00494A1B8FD1DFF28" authority="Marchand &amp; Tintant, 1971" authorityName="Marchand &amp; Tintant" authorityYear="1971" box="[160,747,215,243]" class="Cephalopoda" family="Pseudonautilidae" genus="Pseudaganides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nautilida" pageId="18" pageNumber="487" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="dimidiatus">
<emphasis id="B9573253FF80FFE00494A1B8FE4EFF2A" bold="true" box="[160,440,217,243]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="487">Pseudaganides dimidiatus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFB293B0FF80FFE0058BA1B6FD1DFF28" author="MARCHAND D. &amp; TINTANT H." box="[447,747,215,241]" pageId="18" pageNumber="487" pagination="111 - 169" refId="ref15635" refString="MARCHAND D. &amp; TINTANT H. 1971. - Etudes statistiques sur Pseudaganides aganiticus (Schlotheim) et diverses especes voisines. Bulletin des Sciences de Bourgogne 28: 111 - 169." type="journal article" year="1971">Marchand &amp; Tintant, 1971</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(Fig. 14B1-B3)
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8. — Measurements (D, H, W, U, P, L, in mm) for
<taxonomicName id="4C2395C2FF80FFE00130A1BAFBD2FEDA" authority="(d'Orbigny, 1850)" baseAuthorityName="d'Orbigny" baseAuthorityYear="1850" class="Cephalopoda" family="Pseudonautilidae" genus="Pseudaganides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nautilida" pageId="18" pageNumber="487" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="subbiangulatus">
<emphasis id="B9573253FF80FFE00130A1BAFC7AFEDA" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="487">Pseudaganides subbiangulatus</emphasis>
(d’Orbigny, 1850)
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.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C339BDCAFF80FFE004B0A053FDCBFE1E" pageId="18" pageNumber="487" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8B9CEE41FF80FFE004B0A053FDCFFEBD" blockId="18.[132,774,306,357]" pageId="18" pageNumber="487">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB33C96FFF80FFE004B0A053FDCFFEBD" pageId="18" pageNumber="487">
<treatmentCitation id="0A82C850FF80FFE004B0A053FEEEFEBD" author="MARCHAND D. &amp; TINTANT H." page="150" pageId="18" pageNumber="487" year="1971">
<taxonomicName id="4C2395C2FF80FFE004B0A053FEEEFEBD" authority="Marchand &amp; Tintant, 1971: 150" authorityName="Marchand &amp; Tintant" authorityPageNumber="150" authorityYear="1971" class="Cephalopoda" family="Pseudonautilidae" genus="Pseudaganides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nautilida" pageId="18" pageNumber="487" phylum="Mollusca" rank="subSpecies" species="subbiangulatus" subSpecies="dimidiatuo">
<emphasis id="B9573253FF80FFE004B0A053FE6CFE93" box="[132,410,306,330]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="487">Pseudaganides subbiangulatus</emphasis>
subsp.
<emphasis id="B9573253FF80FFE005D6A053FDBDFE93" box="[482,587,306,330]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="487">dimidiatuo</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFB293B0FF80FFE00664A053FEEEFEBD" author="MARCHAND D. &amp; TINTANT H." pageId="18" pageNumber="487" pagination="111 - 169" refId="ref15635" refString="MARCHAND D. &amp; TINTANT H. 1971. - Etudes statistiques sur Pseudaganides aganiticus (Schlotheim) et diverses especes voisines. Bulletin des Sciences de Bourgogne 28: 111 - 169." type="journal article" year="1971">Marchand &amp; Tintant, 1971: 150</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
, pl. II, fig. 1a-c, fig. III, pl. 6.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9CEE41FF80FFE0071AA05CFA8BFCF6" pageId="18" pageNumber="487">
<table id="F9231CE1FF80000D071AA05CFA5EFCF6" box="[814,1448,317,815]" gridcols="12" gridrows="16" pageId="18" pageNumber="487">
<tr id="3513EC03FF80000D071AA05CFA5EFE88" box="[814,1448,317,337]" gridrow="0" pageId="18" pageNumber="487">
<th id="76C2857FFF80000D071AA05CFC4FFE88" box="[814,953,317,337]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="18" pageNumber="487">
<emphasis id="B9573253FF80FFE0071AA05CFCB5FE88" bold="true" box="[814,835,317,337]" pageId="18" pageNumber="487">n°</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="76C2857FFF80000D07F2A05CFC1CFE88" box="[966,1002,317,337]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="18" pageNumber="487">
<emphasis id="B9573253FF80FFE007E6A05CFC14FE88" bold="true" box="[978,994,317,337]" pageId="18" pageNumber="487">D</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="76C2857FFF80000D07CFA05CFBE5FE88" box="[1019,1043,317,337]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="18" pageNumber="487">
<emphasis id="B9573253FF80FFE007CBA05CFBF9FE88" bold="true" box="[1023,1039,317,337]" pageId="18" pageNumber="487">H</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="76C2857FFF80000D002AA05CFBBEFE88" box="[1054,1096,317,337]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="18" pageNumber="487">
<emphasis id="B9573253FF80FFE00019A05CFBCCFE88" bold="true" box="[1069,1082,317,337]" pageId="18" pageNumber="487">h</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="76C2857FFF80000D0060A05CFB9AFE88" box="[1108,1132,317,337]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="18" pageNumber="487">
<emphasis id="B9573253FF80FFE00062A05CFB9CFE88" bold="true" box="[1110,1130,317,337]" pageId="18" pageNumber="487">W</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="76C2857FFF80000D0043A05CFB57FE88" box="[1143,1185,317,337]" gridcol="5" gridrow="0" pageId="18" pageNumber="487">
<emphasis id="B9573253FF80FFE000B0A05CFB63FE88" bold="true" box="[1156,1173,317,337]" pageId="18" pageNumber="487">w</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="76C2857FFF80000D0084A05CFB38FE88" box="[1200,1230,317,337]" gridcol="6" gridrow="0" pageId="18" pageNumber="487">
<emphasis id="B9573253FF80FFE00086A05CFB34FE88" bold="true" box="[1202,1218,317,337]" pageId="18" pageNumber="487">U</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="76C2857FFF80000D00E1A05CFAFCFE88" box="[1237,1290,317,337]" gridcol="7" gridrow="0" pageId="18" pageNumber="487">
<emphasis id="B9573253FF80FFE000DFA05CFB0EFE88" bold="true" box="[1259,1272,317,337]" pageId="18" pageNumber="487">u</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="76C2857FFF80000D0127A05CFAACFE88" box="[1299,1370,317,337]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="8" gridrow="0" pageId="18" pageNumber="487">
<emphasis id="B9573253FF80FFE00127A05CFAC8FE88" bold="true" box="[1299,1342,317,337]" pageId="18" pageNumber="487">W/H</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B9573253FF80FFE0017EA05CFAAEFE88" bold="true" box="[1354,1368,317,337]" pageId="18" pageNumber="487">P</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="76C2857FFF80000D015CA05CFA76FE88" box="[1384,1408,317,337]" gridcol="10" gridrow="0" pageId="18" pageNumber="487">
<emphasis id="B9573253FF80FFE00145A05CFA88FE88" bold="true" box="[1393,1406,317,337]" pageId="18" pageNumber="487">L</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="76C2857FFF80000D01BAA05CFA5EFE88" box="[1422,1448,317,337]" gridcol="11" gridrow="0" pageId="18" pageNumber="487">
<emphasis id="B9573253FF80FFE001A7A05CFA5EFE88" bold="true" box="[1427,1448,317,337]" pageId="18" pageNumber="487">%</emphasis>
</th>
</tr>
<tr id="3513EC03FF80000D071AA000FA5EFEAC" box="[814,1448,353,373]" gridrow="1" pageId="18" pageNumber="487">
<th id="76C2857FFF80000D071AA000FC4FFEAC" box="[814,953,353,373]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="18" pageNumber="487">MNHN.F.</th>
<td id="76C2857FFF80000D07F2A000FC1CFEAC" box="[966,1002,353,373]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="18" pageNumber="487">136</td>
<td id="76C2857FFF80000D07CFA000FBE5FEAC" box="[1019,1043,353,373]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="18" pageNumber="487">75</td>
<td id="76C2857FFF80000D002AA000FBBEFEAC" box="[1054,1096,353,373]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="18" pageNumber="487">0.55</td>
<td id="76C2857FFF80000D0060A000FB9AFEAC" box="[1108,1132,353,373]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="18" pageNumber="487">54</td>
<td id="76C2857FFF80000D0043A000FB57FEAC" box="[1143,1185,353,373]" gridcol="5" gridrow="1" pageId="18" pageNumber="487">0.40</td>
<td id="76C2857FFF80000D0084A000FB38FEAC" box="[1200,1230,353,373]" gridcol="6" gridrow="1" pageId="18" pageNumber="487">9.5</td>
<td id="76C2857FFF80000D00E1A000FAFCFEAC" box="[1237,1290,353,373]" gridcol="7" gridrow="1" pageId="18" pageNumber="487">0.07</td>
<td id="76C2857FFF80000D0127A000FACBFEAC" box="[1299,1341,353,373]" gridcol="8" gridrow="1" pageId="18" pageNumber="487">0.73</td>
<td id="76C2857FFF80000D0178A000FAACFEAC" box="[1356,1370,353,373]" gridcol="9" gridrow="1" pageId="18" pageNumber="487">–</td>
<td id="76C2857FFF80000D015CA000FA76FEAC" box="[1384,1408,353,373]" gridcol="10" gridrow="1" pageId="18" pageNumber="487">–</td>
<td id="76C2857FFF80000D01BAA000FA5EFEAC" box="[1422,1448,353,373]" gridcol="11" gridrow="1" pageId="18" pageNumber="487">–</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3513EC03FF80000D071AA018FA5EFE6B" box="[814,1448,377,434]" gridrow="2" pageId="18" pageNumber="487">
<th id="76C2857FFF80000D071AA018FC4FFE6B" box="[814,953,377,434]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="18" pageNumber="487">
R54480 (type)
<emphasis id="B9573253FF80FFE0071AA0FFFC5BFE6B" box="[814,941,414,434]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="487">2023.PB.N73</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="76C2857FFF80000D07F2A018FC1CFE6B" box="[966,1002,377,434]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="18" pageNumber="487">100 107</td>
<td id="76C2857FFF80000D07CFA018FBE5FE6B" box="[1019,1043,377,434]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="18" pageNumber="487">54 60</td>
<td id="76C2857FFF80000D002AA018FBBEFE6B" box="[1054,1096,377,434]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="18" pageNumber="487">0.54 0.56</td>
<td id="76C2857FFF80000D0060A018FB9AFE6B" box="[1108,1132,377,434]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="18" pageNumber="487">45 49</td>
<td id="76C2857FFF80000D0043A018FB38FE6B" box="[1143,1230,377,434]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="5" gridrow="2" pageId="18" pageNumber="487">0.45 – 0.45 11</td>
<td id="76C2857FFF80000D00E1A018FAFCFE6B" box="[1237,1290,377,434]" gridcol="7" gridrow="2" pageId="18" pageNumber="487">– 0.1</td>
<td id="76C2857FFF80000D0127A018FAACFE6B" box="[1299,1370,377,434]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="8" gridrow="2" pageId="18" pageNumber="487">0.83 – 0.81 18</td>
<td id="76C2857FFF80000D015CA018FA76FE6B" box="[1384,1408,377,434]" gridcol="10" gridrow="2" pageId="18" pageNumber="487">– 32</td>
<td id="76C2857FFF80000D01BAA018FA5EFE6B" box="[1422,1448,377,434]" gridcol="11" gridrow="2" pageId="18" pageNumber="487">– 56</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3513EC03FF80000D071AA0D7FA5EFE13" box="[814,1448,438,458]" gridrow="3" pageId="18" pageNumber="487" rowspan-0="1">
<td id="76C2857FFF80000D07F2A0D7FC1CFE13" box="[966,1002,438,458]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="18" pageNumber="487">78</td>
<td id="76C2857FFF80000D07CFA0D7FBE5FE13" box="[1019,1043,438,458]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="18" pageNumber="487">45</td>
<td id="76C2857FFF80000D002AA0D7FBBEFE13" box="[1054,1096,438,458]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="18" pageNumber="487">0.57</td>
<td id="76C2857FFF80000D0060A0D7FB9AFE13" box="[1108,1132,438,458]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="18" pageNumber="487">32</td>
<td id="76C2857FFF80000D0043A0D7FB57FE13" box="[1143,1185,438,458]" gridcol="5" gridrow="3" pageId="18" pageNumber="487">0.41</td>
<td id="76C2857FFF80000D0084A0D7FB38FE13" box="[1200,1230,438,458]" gridcol="6" gridrow="3" pageId="18" pageNumber="487">8</td>
<td id="76C2857FFF80000D00E1A0D7FAFCFE13" box="[1237,1290,438,458]" gridcol="7" gridrow="3" pageId="18" pageNumber="487">0.1</td>
<td id="76C2857FFF80000D0127A0D7FACBFE13" box="[1299,1341,438,458]" gridcol="8" gridrow="3" pageId="18" pageNumber="487">0.71</td>
<td id="76C2857FFF80000D0178A0D7FAACFE13" box="[1356,1370,438,458]" gridcol="9" gridrow="3" pageId="18" pageNumber="487">–</td>
<td id="76C2857FFF80000D015CA0D7FA76FE13" box="[1384,1408,438,458]" gridcol="10" gridrow="3" pageId="18" pageNumber="487">–</td>
<td id="76C2857FFF80000D01BAA0D7FA5EFE13" box="[1422,1448,438,458]" gridcol="11" gridrow="3" pageId="18" pageNumber="487">–</td>
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<tr id="3513EC03FF80000D071AA0B8FA5EFE34" box="[814,1448,473,493]" gridrow="4" pageId="18" pageNumber="487">
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<emphasis id="B9573253FF80FFE0071AA0B8FC5BFE34" box="[814,941,473,493]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="487">2023.PB.N74</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="76C2857FFF80000D07F2A0B8FC1CFE34" box="[966,1002,473,493]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="18" pageNumber="487">60</td>
<td id="76C2857FFF80000D07CFA0B8FBE5FE34" box="[1019,1043,473,493]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="18" pageNumber="487">38</td>
<td id="76C2857FFF80000D002AA0B8FBBEFE34" box="[1054,1096,473,493]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="18" pageNumber="487">0.63</td>
<td id="76C2857FFF80000D0060A0B8FB9AFE34" box="[1108,1132,473,493]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="18" pageNumber="487">37</td>
<td id="76C2857FFF80000D0043A0B8FB57FE34" box="[1143,1185,473,493]" gridcol="5" gridrow="4" pageId="18" pageNumber="487">0.61</td>
<td id="76C2857FFF80000D0084A0B8FB38FE34" box="[1200,1230,473,493]" gridcol="6" gridrow="4" pageId="18" pageNumber="487">–</td>
<td id="76C2857FFF80000D00E1A0B8FAFCFE34" box="[1237,1290,473,493]" gridcol="7" gridrow="4" pageId="18" pageNumber="487">–</td>
<td id="76C2857FFF80000D0127A0B8FACBFE34" box="[1299,1341,473,493]" gridcol="8" gridrow="4" pageId="18" pageNumber="487">0.97</td>
<td id="76C2857FFF80000D0178A0B8FAACFE34" box="[1356,1370,473,493]" gridcol="9" gridrow="4" pageId="18" pageNumber="487">9</td>
<td id="76C2857FFF80000D015CA0B8FA76FE34" box="[1384,1408,473,493]" gridcol="10" gridrow="4" pageId="18" pageNumber="487">20</td>
<td id="76C2857FFF80000D01BAA0B8FA5EFE34" box="[1422,1448,473,493]" gridcol="11" gridrow="4" pageId="18" pageNumber="487">45</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3513EC03FF80000D071AA090FA5EFDDC" box="[814,1448,497,517]" gridrow="5" pageId="18" pageNumber="487" rowspan-0="1">
<td id="76C2857FFF80000D07F2A090FC1CFDDC" box="[966,1002,497,517]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="18" pageNumber="487">44</td>
<td id="76C2857FFF80000D07CFA090FBE5FDDC" box="[1019,1043,497,517]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="18" pageNumber="487">27</td>
<td id="76C2857FFF80000D002AA090FBBEFDDC" box="[1054,1096,497,517]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="18" pageNumber="487">0.61</td>
<td id="76C2857FFF80000D0060A090FB9AFDDC" box="[1108,1132,497,517]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="18" pageNumber="487">24</td>
<td id="76C2857FFF80000D0043A090FB57FDDC" box="[1143,1185,497,517]" gridcol="5" gridrow="5" pageId="18" pageNumber="487">0.54</td>
<td id="76C2857FFF80000D0084A090FB38FDDC" box="[1200,1230,497,517]" gridcol="6" gridrow="5" pageId="18" pageNumber="487">–</td>
<td id="76C2857FFF80000D00E1A090FAFCFDDC" box="[1237,1290,497,517]" gridcol="7" gridrow="5" pageId="18" pageNumber="487">–</td>
<td id="76C2857FFF80000D0127A090FAACFDDC" box="[1299,1370,497,517]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="8" gridrow="5" pageId="18" pageNumber="487">0.88 10</td>
<td id="76C2857FFF80000D015CA090FA76FDDC" box="[1384,1408,497,517]" gridcol="10" gridrow="5" pageId="18" pageNumber="487">22</td>
<td id="76C2857FFF80000D01BAA090FA5EFDDC" box="[1422,1448,497,517]" gridcol="11" gridrow="5" pageId="18" pageNumber="487">45</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3513EC03FF80000D071AA374FA5EFDF0" box="[814,1448,533,553]" gridrow="6" pageId="18" pageNumber="487">
<th id="76C2857FFF80000D071AA374FC4FFDF0" box="[814,953,533,553]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="18" pageNumber="487">
<emphasis id="B9573253FF80FFE0071AA374FC4FFDF0" box="[814,953,533,553]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="487">2023.PB.N110</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="76C2857FFF80000D07F2A374FC1CFDF0" box="[966,1002,533,553]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="18" pageNumber="487">103</td>
<td id="76C2857FFF80000D07CFA374FBE5FDF0" box="[1019,1043,533,553]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="18" pageNumber="487">56</td>
<td id="76C2857FFF80000D002AA374FBBEFDF0" box="[1054,1096,533,553]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="18" pageNumber="487">0.54</td>
<td id="76C2857FFF80000D0060A374FB9AFDF0" box="[1108,1132,533,553]" gridcol="4" gridrow="6" pageId="18" pageNumber="487">46</td>
<td id="76C2857FFF80000D0043A374FB38FDF0" box="[1143,1230,533,553]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="5" gridrow="6" pageId="18" pageNumber="487">0.44 10</td>
<td id="76C2857FFF80000D00E1A374FAFCFDF0" box="[1237,1290,533,553]" gridcol="7" gridrow="6" pageId="18" pageNumber="487">0.097</td>
<td id="76C2857FFF80000D0127A374FAACFDF0" box="[1299,1370,533,553]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="8" gridrow="6" pageId="18" pageNumber="487">0.82 14</td>
<td id="76C2857FFF80000D015CA374FA76FDF0" box="[1384,1408,533,553]" gridcol="10" gridrow="6" pageId="18" pageNumber="487">27</td>
<td id="76C2857FFF80000D01BAA374FA5EFDF0" box="[1422,1448,533,553]" gridcol="11" gridrow="6" pageId="18" pageNumber="487">51</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3513EC03FF80000D071AA34CFA5EFD98" box="[814,1448,557,577]" gridrow="7" pageId="18" pageNumber="487" rowspan-0="1">
<td id="76C2857FFF80000D07F2A34CFC1CFD98" box="[966,1002,557,577]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="18" pageNumber="487">78</td>
<td id="76C2857FFF80000D07CFA34CFBE5FD98" box="[1019,1043,557,577]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="18" pageNumber="487">52</td>
<td id="76C2857FFF80000D002AA34CFBBEFD98" box="[1054,1096,557,577]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="18" pageNumber="487">0.66</td>
<td id="76C2857FFF80000D0060A34CFB9AFD98" box="[1108,1132,557,577]" gridcol="4" gridrow="7" pageId="18" pageNumber="487">40</td>
<td id="76C2857FFF80000D0043A34CFB57FD98" box="[1143,1185,557,577]" gridcol="5" gridrow="7" pageId="18" pageNumber="487">0.51</td>
<td id="76C2857FFF80000D0084A34CFB38FD98" box="[1200,1230,557,577]" gridcol="6" gridrow="7" pageId="18" pageNumber="487">8</td>
<td id="76C2857FFF80000D00E1A34CFAFCFD98" box="[1237,1290,557,577]" gridcol="7" gridrow="7" pageId="18" pageNumber="487">0.1</td>
<td id="76C2857FFF80000D0127A34CFAACFD98" box="[1299,1370,557,577]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="8" gridrow="7" pageId="18" pageNumber="487">0.76 13</td>
<td id="76C2857FFF80000D015CA34CFA76FD98" box="[1384,1408,557,577]" gridcol="10" gridrow="7" pageId="18" pageNumber="487">22</td>
<td id="76C2857FFF80000D01BAA34CFA5EFD98" box="[1422,1448,557,577]" gridcol="11" gridrow="7" pageId="18" pageNumber="487">59</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3513EC03FF80000D071AA331FA5EFDBD" box="[814,1448,592,612]" gridrow="8" pageId="18" pageNumber="487">
<th id="76C2857FFF80000D071AA331FC4FFDBD" box="[814,953,592,612]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="18" pageNumber="487">
<emphasis id="B9573253FF80FFE0071AA331FC4FFDBD" box="[814,953,592,612]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="487">2023.PB.N112</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="76C2857FFF80000D07F2A331FC1CFDBD" box="[966,1002,592,612]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="18" pageNumber="487">84</td>
<td id="76C2857FFF80000D07CFA331FBE5FDBD" box="[1019,1043,592,612]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="18" pageNumber="487">48</td>
<td id="76C2857FFF80000D002AA331FBBEFDBD" box="[1054,1096,592,612]" gridcol="3" gridrow="8" pageId="18" pageNumber="487">0.57</td>
<td id="76C2857FFF80000D0060A331FB9AFDBD" box="[1108,1132,592,612]" gridcol="4" gridrow="8" pageId="18" pageNumber="487">42</td>
<td id="76C2857FFF80000D0043A331FB57FDBD" box="[1143,1185,592,612]" gridcol="5" gridrow="8" pageId="18" pageNumber="487">0.5</td>
<td id="76C2857FFF80000D0084A331FB38FDBD" box="[1200,1230,592,612]" gridcol="6" gridrow="8" pageId="18" pageNumber="487">6</td>
<td id="76C2857FFF80000D00E1A331FAFCFDBD" box="[1237,1290,592,612]" gridcol="7" gridrow="8" pageId="18" pageNumber="487">0.05</td>
<td id="76C2857FFF80000D0127A331FACBFDBD" box="[1299,1341,592,612]" gridcol="8" gridrow="8" pageId="18" pageNumber="487">0.87</td>
<td id="76C2857FFF80000D0178A331FAACFDBD" box="[1356,1370,592,612]" gridcol="9" gridrow="8" pageId="18" pageNumber="487">–</td>
<td id="76C2857FFF80000D015CA331FA76FDBD" box="[1384,1408,592,612]" gridcol="10" gridrow="8" pageId="18" pageNumber="487">–</td>
<td id="76C2857FFF80000D01BAA331FA5EFDBD" box="[1422,1448,592,612]" gridcol="11" gridrow="8" pageId="18" pageNumber="487">–</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3513EC03FF80000D071AA309FA5EFDA5" box="[814,1448,616,636]" gridrow="9" pageId="18" pageNumber="487" rowspan-0="1">
<td id="76C2857FFF80000D07F2A309FC1CFDA5" box="[966,1002,616,636]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="18" pageNumber="487">63</td>
<td id="76C2857FFF80000D07CFA309FBE5FDA5" box="[1019,1043,616,636]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="18" pageNumber="487">39</td>
<td id="76C2857FFF80000D002AA309FBBEFDA5" box="[1054,1096,616,636]" gridcol="3" gridrow="9" pageId="18" pageNumber="487">0.62</td>
<td id="76C2857FFF80000D0060A309FB9AFDA5" box="[1108,1132,616,636]" gridcol="4" gridrow="9" pageId="18" pageNumber="487">28</td>
<td id="76C2857FFF80000D0043A309FB57FDA5" box="[1143,1185,616,636]" gridcol="5" gridrow="9" pageId="18" pageNumber="487">0.44</td>
<td id="76C2857FFF80000D0084A309FB38FDA5" box="[1200,1230,616,636]" gridcol="6" gridrow="9" pageId="18" pageNumber="487">5</td>
<td id="76C2857FFF80000D00E1A309FAFCFDA5" box="[1237,1290,616,636]" gridcol="7" gridrow="9" pageId="18" pageNumber="487">0.07</td>
<td id="76C2857FFF80000D0127A309FACBFDA5" box="[1299,1341,616,636]" gridcol="8" gridrow="9" pageId="18" pageNumber="487">0.71</td>
<td id="76C2857FFF80000D0178A309FAACFDA5" box="[1356,1370,616,636]" gridcol="9" gridrow="9" pageId="18" pageNumber="487">–</td>
<td id="76C2857FFF80000D015CA309FA76FDA5" box="[1384,1408,616,636]" gridcol="10" gridrow="9" pageId="18" pageNumber="487">–</td>
<td id="76C2857FFF80000D01BAA309FA5EFDA5" box="[1422,1448,616,636]" gridcol="11" gridrow="9" pageId="18" pageNumber="487">–</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3513EC03FF80000D071AA3EDFA5EFD79" box="[814,1448,652,672]" gridrow="10" pageId="18" pageNumber="487">
<th id="76C2857FFF80000D071AA3EDFC4FFD79" box="[814,953,652,672]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="18" pageNumber="487">
<emphasis id="B9573253FF80FFE0071AA3EDFC4EFD79" box="[814,952,652,672]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="487">2023.PB.N144</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="76C2857FFF80000D07F2A3EDFC1CFD79" box="[966,1002,652,672]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="18" pageNumber="487">111</td>
<td id="76C2857FFF80000D07CFA3EDFBE5FD79" box="[1019,1043,652,672]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="18" pageNumber="487">63</td>
<td id="76C2857FFF80000D002AA3EDFBBEFD79" box="[1054,1096,652,672]" gridcol="3" gridrow="10" pageId="18" pageNumber="487">–</td>
<td id="76C2857FFF80000D0060A3EDFB9AFD79" box="[1108,1132,652,672]" gridcol="4" gridrow="10" pageId="18" pageNumber="487">54</td>
<td id="76C2857FFF80000D0043A3EDFB57FD79" box="[1143,1185,652,672]" gridcol="5" gridrow="10" pageId="18" pageNumber="487">–</td>
<td id="76C2857FFF80000D0084A3EDFB38FD79" box="[1200,1230,652,672]" gridcol="6" gridrow="10" pageId="18" pageNumber="487">7</td>
<td id="76C2857FFF80000D00E1A3EDFAFCFD79" box="[1237,1290,652,672]" gridcol="7" gridrow="10" pageId="18" pageNumber="487">–</td>
<td id="76C2857FFF80000D0127A3EDFAACFD79" box="[1299,1370,652,672]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="8" gridrow="10" pageId="18" pageNumber="487">– 17</td>
<td id="76C2857FFF80000D015CA3EDFA76FD79" box="[1384,1408,652,672]" gridcol="10" gridrow="10" pageId="18" pageNumber="487">36</td>
<td id="76C2857FFF80000D01BAA3EDFA5EFD79" box="[1422,1448,652,672]" gridcol="11" gridrow="10" pageId="18" pageNumber="487">47</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3513EC03FF80000D071AA3C5FA5EFD61" box="[814,1448,676,696]" gridrow="11" pageId="18" pageNumber="487" rowspan-0="1">
<td id="76C2857FFF80000D07F2A3C5FC1CFD61" box="[966,1002,676,696]" gridcol="1" gridrow="11" pageId="18" pageNumber="487">84</td>
<td id="76C2857FFF80000D07CFA3C5FBE5FD61" box="[1019,1043,676,696]" gridcol="2" gridrow="11" pageId="18" pageNumber="487">50</td>
<td id="76C2857FFF80000D002AA3C5FBBEFD61" box="[1054,1096,676,696]" gridcol="3" gridrow="11" pageId="18" pageNumber="487">–</td>
<td id="76C2857FFF80000D0060A3C5FB9AFD61" box="[1108,1132,676,696]" gridcol="4" gridrow="11" pageId="18" pageNumber="487">40</td>
<td id="76C2857FFF80000D0043A3C5FB57FD61" box="[1143,1185,676,696]" gridcol="5" gridrow="11" pageId="18" pageNumber="487">–</td>
<td id="76C2857FFF80000D0084A3C5FB38FD61" box="[1200,1230,676,696]" gridcol="6" gridrow="11" pageId="18" pageNumber="487">6</td>
<td id="76C2857FFF80000D00E1A3C5FAFCFD61" box="[1237,1290,676,696]" gridcol="7" gridrow="11" pageId="18" pageNumber="487">–</td>
<td id="76C2857FFF80000D0127A3C5FAACFD61" box="[1299,1370,676,696]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="8" gridrow="11" pageId="18" pageNumber="487">– 11</td>
<td id="76C2857FFF80000D015CA3C5FA76FD61" box="[1384,1408,676,696]" gridcol="10" gridrow="11" pageId="18" pageNumber="487">20</td>
<td id="76C2857FFF80000D01BAA3C5FA5EFD61" box="[1422,1448,676,696]" gridcol="11" gridrow="11" pageId="18" pageNumber="487">
<tableNote id="76C5EFCFFF80FFE001BAA3C5FA50FD61" box="[1422,1446,676,696]" pageId="18" pageNumber="487" targetBox="[814,1446,353,458]" targetPageId="18">55</tableNote>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3513EC03FF80000D071AA3A6FA5EFD02" box="[814,1448,711,731]" gridrow="12" pageId="18" pageNumber="487">
<th id="76C2857FFF80000D071AA3A6FC4FFD02" box="[814,953,711,731]" gridcol="0" gridrow="12" pageId="18" pageNumber="487">
<emphasis id="B9573253FF80FFE0071AA3A6FC4FFD02" box="[814,953,711,731]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="487">2023.PB.N149</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="76C2857FFF80000D07F2A3A6FC1CFD02" box="[966,1002,711,731]" gridcol="1" gridrow="12" pageId="18" pageNumber="487">100</td>
<td id="76C2857FFF80000D07CFA3A6FBE5FD02" box="[1019,1043,711,731]" gridcol="2" gridrow="12" pageId="18" pageNumber="487">57</td>
<td id="76C2857FFF80000D002AA3A6FBBEFD02" box="[1054,1096,711,731]" gridcol="3" gridrow="12" pageId="18" pageNumber="487">0.57</td>
<td id="76C2857FFF80000D0060A3A6FB9AFD02" box="[1108,1132,711,731]" gridcol="4" gridrow="12" pageId="18" pageNumber="487">48</td>
<td id="76C2857FFF80000D0043A3A6FB57FD02" box="[1143,1185,711,731]" gridcol="5" gridrow="12" pageId="18" pageNumber="487">0.48</td>
<td id="76C2857FFF80000D0084A3A6FB38FD02" box="[1200,1230,711,731]" gridcol="6" gridrow="12" pageId="18" pageNumber="487">7</td>
<td id="76C2857FFF80000D00E1A3A6FAFCFD02" box="[1237,1290,711,731]" gridcol="7" gridrow="12" pageId="18" pageNumber="487">0.07</td>
<td id="76C2857FFF80000D0127A3A6FACBFD02" box="[1299,1341,711,731]" gridcol="8" gridrow="12" pageId="18" pageNumber="487">0.84</td>
<td id="76C2857FFF80000D0178A3A6FAACFD02" box="[1356,1370,711,731]" gridcol="9" gridrow="12" pageId="18" pageNumber="487">–</td>
<td id="76C2857FFF80000D015CA3A6FA76FD02" box="[1384,1408,711,731]" gridcol="10" gridrow="12" pageId="18" pageNumber="487">–</td>
<td id="76C2857FFF80000D01BAA3A6FA5EFD02" box="[1422,1448,711,731]" gridcol="11" gridrow="12" pageId="18" pageNumber="487">–</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3513EC03FF80000D071AA3BEFA5EFD2A" box="[814,1448,735,755]" gridrow="13" pageId="18" pageNumber="487" rowspan-0="1">
<td id="76C2857FFF80000D07F2A3BEFC1CFD2A" box="[966,1002,735,755]" gridcol="1" gridrow="13" pageId="18" pageNumber="487">81</td>
<td id="76C2857FFF80000D07CFA3BEFBE5FD2A" box="[1019,1043,735,755]" gridcol="2" gridrow="13" pageId="18" pageNumber="487">49</td>
<td id="76C2857FFF80000D002AA3BEFBBEFD2A" box="[1054,1096,735,755]" gridcol="3" gridrow="13" pageId="18" pageNumber="487">0.6</td>
<td id="76C2857FFF80000D0060A3BEFB9AFD2A" box="[1108,1132,735,755]" gridcol="4" gridrow="13" pageId="18" pageNumber="487">37</td>
<td id="76C2857FFF80000D0043A3BEFB57FD2A" box="[1143,1185,735,755]" gridcol="5" gridrow="13" pageId="18" pageNumber="487">0.45</td>
<td id="76C2857FFF80000D0084A3BEFB38FD2A" box="[1200,1230,735,755]" gridcol="6" gridrow="13" pageId="18" pageNumber="487">6</td>
<td id="76C2857FFF80000D00E1A3BEFAFCFD2A" box="[1237,1290,735,755]" gridcol="7" gridrow="13" pageId="18" pageNumber="487">0.074</td>
<td id="76C2857FFF80000D0127A3BEFACBFD2A" box="[1299,1341,735,755]" gridcol="8" gridrow="13" pageId="18" pageNumber="487">0.75</td>
<td id="76C2857FFF80000D0178A3BEFAACFD2A" box="[1356,1370,735,755]" gridcol="9" gridrow="13" pageId="18" pageNumber="487">–</td>
<td id="76C2857FFF80000D015CA3BEFA76FD2A" box="[1384,1408,735,755]" gridcol="10" gridrow="13" pageId="18" pageNumber="487">–</td>
<td id="76C2857FFF80000D01BAA3BEFA5EFD2A" box="[1422,1448,735,755]" gridcol="11" gridrow="13" pageId="18" pageNumber="487">–</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3513EC03FF80000D071AA262FA5EFCCE" box="[814,1448,771,791]" gridrow="14" pageId="18" pageNumber="487">
<th id="76C2857FFF80000D071AA262FC4FFCCE" box="[814,953,771,791]" gridcol="0" gridrow="14" pageId="18" pageNumber="487">
<emphasis id="B9573253FF80FFE0071AA262FC4FFCCE" box="[814,953,771,791]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="487">2023.PB.N155</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="76C2857FFF80000D07F2A262FC1CFCCE" box="[966,1002,771,791]" gridcol="1" gridrow="14" pageId="18" pageNumber="487">136</td>
<td id="76C2857FFF80000D07CFA262FBE5FCCE" box="[1019,1043,771,791]" gridcol="2" gridrow="14" pageId="18" pageNumber="487">76</td>
<td id="76C2857FFF80000D002AA262FBBEFCCE" box="[1054,1096,771,791]" gridcol="3" gridrow="14" pageId="18" pageNumber="487">0.55</td>
<td id="76C2857FFF80000D0060A262FB9AFCCE" box="[1108,1132,771,791]" gridcol="4" gridrow="14" pageId="18" pageNumber="487">74</td>
<td id="76C2857FFF80000D0043A262FB57FCCE" box="[1143,1185,771,791]" gridcol="5" gridrow="14" pageId="18" pageNumber="487">0.55</td>
<td id="76C2857FFF80000D0084A262FB38FCCE" box="[1200,1230,771,791]" gridcol="6" gridrow="14" pageId="18" pageNumber="487">9</td>
<td id="76C2857FFF80000D00E1A262FAFCFCCE" box="[1237,1290,771,791]" gridcol="7" gridrow="14" pageId="18" pageNumber="487">0.06</td>
<td id="76C2857FFF80000D0127A262FAACFCCE" box="[1299,1370,771,791]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="8" gridrow="14" pageId="18" pageNumber="487">0.97 16</td>
<td id="76C2857FFF80000D015CA262FA76FCCE" box="[1384,1408,771,791]" gridcol="10" gridrow="14" pageId="18" pageNumber="487">30</td>
<td id="76C2857FFF80000D01BAA262FA5EFCCE" box="[1422,1448,771,791]" gridcol="11" gridrow="14" pageId="18" pageNumber="487">53</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3513EC03FF80000D071AA27AFA5EFCF6" box="[814,1448,795,815]" gridrow="15" pageId="18" pageNumber="487" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-11="1">
<td id="76C2857FFF80000D07F2A27AFC1CFCF6" box="[966,1002,795,815]" gridcol="1" gridrow="15" pageId="18" pageNumber="487">104</td>
<td id="76C2857FFF80000D07CFA27AFBE5FCF6" box="[1019,1043,795,815]" gridcol="2" gridrow="15" pageId="18" pageNumber="487">67</td>
<td id="76C2857FFF80000D002AA27AFBBEFCF6" box="[1054,1096,795,815]" gridcol="3" gridrow="15" pageId="18" pageNumber="487">0.64</td>
<td id="76C2857FFF80000D0060A27AFB9AFCF6" box="[1108,1132,795,815]" gridcol="4" gridrow="15" pageId="18" pageNumber="487">–</td>
<td id="76C2857FFF80000D0043A27AFB57FCF6" box="[1143,1185,795,815]" gridcol="5" gridrow="15" pageId="18" pageNumber="487">–</td>
<td id="76C2857FFF80000D0084A27AFB38FCF6" box="[1200,1230,795,815]" gridcol="6" gridrow="15" pageId="18" pageNumber="487">–</td>
<td id="76C2857FFF80000D00E1A27AFAFCFCF6" box="[1237,1290,795,815]" gridcol="7" gridrow="15" pageId="18" pageNumber="487">0.07</td>
<td id="76C2857FFF80000D0127A27AFACBFCF6" box="[1299,1341,795,815]" gridcol="8" gridrow="15" pageId="18" pageNumber="487">–</td>
<td id="76C2857FFF80000D0178A27AFAACFCF6" box="[1356,1370,795,815]" gridcol="9" gridrow="15" pageId="18" pageNumber="487">–</td>
<td id="76C2857FFF80000D015CA27AFA76FCF6" box="[1384,1408,795,815]" gridcol="10" gridrow="15" pageId="18" pageNumber="487">–</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9CEE41FF80FFE004B0A01FFD29FE4F" blockId="18.[132,735,382,406]" box="[132,735,382,406]" pageId="18" pageNumber="487">
<taxonomicName id="4C2395C2FF80FFE004B0A01FFE9EFE4F" authorityName="d'Orbigny" authorityYear="1850" box="[132,360,382,406]" class="Cephalopoda" family="Nautilidae" genus="Nautilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nautilida" pageId="18" pageNumber="487" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="subbiangulatus">
<emphasis id="B9573253FF80FFE004B0A01FFE9EFE4F" box="[132,360,382,406]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="487">Nautilus subbiangulatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
–
<bibRefCitation id="EFB293B0FF80FFE005B5A01FFDFBFE4F" author="COUFFON O." box="[385,525,382,406]" pageId="18" pageNumber="487" refId="ref14729" refString="COUFFON O. 1919. - Le Callovien du Chalet commune de Montreuil-Bellay (M &amp; L). Imprimerie Grassin, Angers. Texte 245 p., 4 tab. + Atlas XVIII pls." type="book" year="1919">Couffon 1919</bibRefCitation>
: pl. XVII, figs 7a-7b.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9CEE41FF80FFE004B0A0D1FDCBFE1E" blockId="18.[132,573,431,456]" box="[132,573,431,456]" pageId="18" pageNumber="487">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB33C96FFF80FFE004B0A0D1FDCBFE1E" box="[132,573,431,456]" pageId="18" pageNumber="487">
<taxonomicName id="4C2395C2FF80FFE004B0A0D1FE82FE11" authorityName="Marchand &amp; Tintant" authorityYear="1971" box="[132,372,432,456]" class="Cephalopoda" family="Pseudonautilidae" genus="Pseudaganides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nautilida" pageId="18" pageNumber="487" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="dimidiatus">
<emphasis id="B9573253FF80FFE004B0A0D1FE82FE11" box="[132,372,432,456]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="487">Pseudaganides dimidiatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
–
<treatmentCitation id="0A82C850FF80FFE005B9A0D1FDCFFE1E" author="TINTANT H." box="[397,569,431,456]" page="36" pageId="18" pageNumber="487" year="1994">
<bibRefCitation id="EFB293B0FF80FFE005B9A0D1FDCFFE1E" author="TINTANT H." box="[397,569,431,456]" pageId="18" pageNumber="487" pagination="35 - 36" refId="ref16254" refString="TINTANT H. 1994. - Pseudaganides subbiangulatus (d'Orbigny, 1850), in FISCHER J. - C. (ed.), Revision critique de la Paleontologie francaise d'Alcide d'Orbigny. Vol. 1. Cephalopodes jurassiques. Masson, Paris: 35 - 36." type="book chapter" year="1994">Tintant 1994: 36</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C339BDCAFF80FFE004B0A083FD5BFDF7" pageId="18" pageNumber="487" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8B9CEE41FF80FFE004B0A083FD5BFDF7" blockId="18.[132,775,481,558]" pageId="18" pageNumber="487">
<tableNote id="76C5EFCFFF80FFE004B0A083FD5BFDF7" pageId="18" pageNumber="487" targetBox="[814,1446,353,458]" targetPageId="18">
<smallCapsWord id="8D7A789DFF80FFE004B0A083FF19FE21" baselines="499,500" box="[132,239,482,505]" lowerCaseFontSize="7" mainFontSize="10" normCase="title" normString="Diagnosis" pageId="18" pageNumber="487">DIAGNOSIS</smallCapsWord>
.
<emphasis id="B9573253FF80FFE004C8A083FEE3FE20" box="[252,277,482,505]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="487">—</emphasis>
Small sized nautilus, less than 80 mm, with a compressed and high section. Flat sides becoming slightly rounded on the body-chamber with a flat, sometime concave, venter.
</tableNote>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C339BDCAFF80FFE004B0A329FED6FD13" pageId="18" pageNumber="487" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8B9CEE41FF80FFE004B0A329FED6FD13" blockId="18.[131,775,584,714]" pageId="18" pageNumber="487">
<tableNote id="76C5EFCFFF80FFE004B0A329FED6FD13" pageId="18" pageNumber="487" targetBox="[814,1446,711,815]" targetPageId="18">
<smallCapsWord id="8D7A789DFF80FFE004B0A329FF10FD87" baselines="601,602" box="[132,230,584,607]" lowerCaseFontSize="7" mainFontSize="10" normCase="title" normString="Material" pageId="18" pageNumber="487">MATERIAL</smallCapsWord>
<smallCapsWord id="8D7A789DFF80FFE004DFA32CFEBBFD87" baselines="602" box="[235,333,589,606]" lowerCaseFontSize="7" mainFontSize="10" normCase="lower" normString="examined" pageId="18" pageNumber="487">EXAMINED</smallCapsWord>
. —
<materialsCitation id="3B4BE41CFF80FFE00541A329FED6FD13" pageId="18" pageNumber="487">
France • 1 specimen (complete); NouvelleAquitaine, Saint-Laon, la Grève quarry (POC0051); [46°57’19”N, 0°01’38”W];
<taxonomicName id="4C2395C2FF80FFE0053CA31DFE7DFD4D" authority="Zone" authorityName="Zone" box="[264,395,636,660]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cactaceae" genus="Gracilis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="18" pageNumber="487" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9573253FF80FFE0053CA31DFEA6FD4D" box="[264,336,636,660]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="487">Gracilis</emphasis>
Zone
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C2395C2FF80FFE005A6A31CFDDFFD4D" authority="Subzone" authorityName="Subzone" box="[402,553,636,660]" class="Gastropoda" family="Patellidae" genus="Patina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Archaeogastropoda" pageId="18" pageNumber="487" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9573253FF80FFE005A6A31CFE26FD4D" box="[402,464,637,660]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="487">Patina</emphasis>
Subzone
</taxonomicName>
to
<taxonomicName id="4C2395C2FF80FFE00672A31CFD37FD4D" authority="Zone" authorityName="Zone" box="[582,705,637,660]" class="Gastropoda" family="Trochidae" genus="Anceps" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trochida" pageId="18" pageNumber="487" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9573253FF80FFE00672A31CFD73FD4D" box="[582,645,637,660]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="487">Anceps</emphasis>
Zone
</taxonomicName>
; Lower to Middle Callovian; Patrick Branger leg.; MBAN;
<emphasis id="B9573253FF80FFE00645A3F6FCF3FD76" box="[625,773,663,687]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="487">2023.PB.N126</emphasis>
(Fig. 14B1-B3).
</materialsCitation>
</tableNote>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C339BDCAFF80FFE004B0A382FE34FD23" box="[132,450,739,763]" pageId="18" pageNumber="487" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B9CEE41FF80FFE004B0A382FE34FD23" blockId="18.[132,450,739,763]" box="[132,450,739,763]" pageId="18" pageNumber="487">
MEASUREMENTS. — See
<tableCitation id="C6A1DBFAFF80FFE00540A382FE34FD23" box="[372,450,739,763]" captionStart="TABLE" captionStartId="21.[132,143,219,236]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="TABLE 9. — Measurements (D, H, W, U, P, L, in mm) for Pseudaganides dimidiatus Marchand &amp; Tintant, 1971." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF5CBEC9FF87FFE704B0A1BAFE7FFEDA" pageId="18" pageNumber="487" tableUuid="DF5CBEC9FF87FFE704B0A1BAFE7FFEDA">Table 9.</tableCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C339BDCAFF80FFE004B0A274FCFEFC9F" pageId="18" pageNumber="487" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8B9CEE41FF80FFE004B0A274FCFEFC9F" blockId="18.[132,776,789,839]" pageId="18" pageNumber="487">
<tableNote id="76C5EFCFFF80FFE004B0A274FCFEFC9F" pageId="18" pageNumber="487" targetBox="[814,1446,711,815]" targetPageId="18">
<smallCapsWord id="8D7A789DFF80FFE004B0A274FEE4FCF2" baselines="806,807" box="[132,274,789,812]" lowerCaseFontSize="7" mainFontSize="10" normCase="title" normString="Distribution" pageId="18" pageNumber="487">DISTRIBUTION</smallCapsWord>
.
<emphasis id="B9573253FF80FFE00514A274FE4BFCF4" box="[288,445,789,813]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="487">
—
<taxonomicName id="4C2395C2FF80FFE00575A274FE4BFCF4" authorityName="Marchand &amp; Tintant" authorityYear="1971" box="[321,445,789,813]" class="Cephalopoda" family="Pseudonautilidae" genus="Pseudaganides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nautilida" pageId="18" pageNumber="487" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="dimidiatus">P. dimidiatus</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
is known from Lower Callovian,
<taxonomicName id="4C2395C2FF80FFE004B2A24EFEFFFC9F" authority="Zone" authorityName="Zone" box="[134,265,815,839]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cactaceae" genus="Gracilis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="18" pageNumber="487" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9573253FF80FFE004B2A24EFF38FC9E" box="[134,206,815,839]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="487">Gracilis</emphasis>
Zone
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C2395C2FF80FFE00527A251FE5AFC9E" authority="Subzone" authorityName="Subzone" box="[275,428,815,839]" class="Gastropoda" family="Patellidae" genus="Patina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Archaeogastropoda" pageId="18" pageNumber="487" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9573253FF80FFE00527A251FEA7FC9E" box="[275,337,816,839]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="487">Patina</emphasis>
Subzone
</taxonomicName>
, to Middle Callovian,
<taxonomicName id="4C2395C2FF80FFE006BCA24EFCFEFC9F" authority="Zone." authorityName="Zone." box="[648,776,815,838]" class="Gastropoda" family="Trochidae" genus="Anceps" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trochida" pageId="18" pageNumber="487" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9573253FF80FFE006BCA24EFD31FC9F" box="[648,711,815,838]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="487">Anceps</emphasis>
Zone.
</taxonomicName>
</tableNote>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C339BDCAFF80FFE004B0A218FE22FBEA" pageId="18" pageNumber="487" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B9CEE41FF80FFE004B0A218FEE3FC48" blockId="18.[130,775,889,1075]" box="[132,277,889,915]" pageId="18" pageNumber="487">
<smallCapsWord id="8D7A789DFF80FFE004B0A218FEE3FC48" baselines="908,908" box="[132,277,889,915]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="11" normCase="title" normString="Description" pageId="18" pageNumber="487">DESCRIPTION</smallCapsWord>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9CEE41FF80FFE004B0A2F9FE22FBEA" blockId="18.[130,775,889,1075]" pageId="18" pageNumber="487">
According to
<bibRefCitation id="EFB293B0FF80FFE00538A2F9FDC7FC6A" author="MARCHAND D. &amp; TINTANT H." box="[268,561,920,947]" pageId="18" pageNumber="487" pagination="111 - 169" refId="ref15635" refString="MARCHAND D. &amp; TINTANT H. 1971. - Etudes statistiques sur Pseudaganides aganiticus (Schlotheim) et diverses especes voisines. Bulletin des Sciences de Bourgogne 28: 111 - 169." type="journal article" year="1971">Marchand &amp;Tintant (1971)</bibRefCitation>
, these are small sized individuals, less than
<quantity id="4CDB43A4FF80FFE00553A2D8FE42FC0A" box="[359,436,953,979]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="18" pageNumber="487" unit="mm" value="80.0">80 mm</quantity>
in diameter, with a compressed and high section. Flanks are flat, becoming slightly rounded on the body-chamber. Suture line with a wide lateral saddle, not as deep as the external one.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C339BDCAFF80FFE004B0A538FE5DF8C9" pageId="18" pageNumber="487" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8B9CEE41FF80FFE004B0A538FF1EFBA8" blockId="18.[130,778,1113,1809]" box="[132,232,1113,1139]" pageId="18" pageNumber="487">
<smallCapsWord id="8D7A789DFF80FFE004B0A538FF1EFBA8" baselines="1132,1132" box="[132,232,1113,1139]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="11" normCase="title" normString="Remarks" pageId="18" pageNumber="487">REMARKS</smallCapsWord>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9CEE41FF80FFE004B0A518FE5DF8C9" blockId="18.[130,778,1113,1809]" pageId="18" pageNumber="487">
As pointed byMarchand &amp;
<bibRefCitation id="EFB293B0FF80FFE0059CA518FDBEFB4A" author="TINTANT H." box="[424,584,1145,1171]" pageId="18" pageNumber="487" pagination="87 - 96" refId="ref16115" refString="TINTANT H. 1971. - Deux especes nouvelles de Paracymatoceras dans le Jurassique superieur de la Peninsule Iberique. Communicacoes dos Servicos Geologicos de Portugal LV: 87 - 96, 2 pls." type="book chapter" year="1971">Tintant (1971)</bibRefCitation>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C2395C2FF80FFE00662A518FD2DFB4A" authorityName="Marchand &amp; Tintant" authorityYear="1971" box="[598,731,1145,1171]" class="Cephalopoda" family="Pseudonautilidae" genus="Pseudaganides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nautilida" pageId="18" pageNumber="487" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="dimidiatus">
<emphasis id="B9573253FF80FFE00662A518FD2DFB4A" box="[598,731,1145,1171]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="487">P.dimidiatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs from
<taxonomicName id="4C2395C2FF80FFE004DCA5F8FE6CFB6B" authorityName="d'Orbigny" authorityYear="1850" box="[232,410,1176,1202]" class="Cephalopoda" family="Nautilidae" genus="Nautilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nautilida" pageId="18" pageNumber="487" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="subbiangulatus">
<emphasis id="B9573253FF80FFE004DCA5F8FE6CFB6B" box="[232,410,1176,1202]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="487">P. subbiangulatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in several ways. Besides its smaller size, the existence of quite sharp ridges at an earlier stage proves that it is a different species. All the other characteristics of the shell are the same. According to these authors, the age of the two species were different. New
<emphasis id="B9573253FF80FFE005FEA478FDFAFAEB" box="[458,524,1305,1330]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="487">in-situ</emphasis>
collecting demonstrates that this point of view is probably erroneous. Those authors also assumed that, in the collections,
<taxonomicName id="4C2395C2FF80FFE00638A438FD65FAAB" authorityName="Marchand &amp; Tintant" authorityYear="1971" box="[524,659,1368,1394]" class="Cephalopoda" family="Pseudonautilidae" genus="Pseudaganides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nautilida" pageId="18" pageNumber="487" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="dimidiatus">
<emphasis id="B9573253FF80FFE00638A438FD65FAAB" box="[524,659,1368,1394]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="487">P. dimidiatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was rather common beside the total lack of any other sample of
<taxonomicName id="4C2395C2FF80FFE006F7A418FF0AFA6B" authorityName="d'Orbigny" authorityYear="1850" class="Cephalopoda" family="Nautilidae" genus="Nautilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nautilida" pageId="18" pageNumber="487" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="subbiangulatus">
<emphasis id="B9573253FF80FFE006F7A418FF0AFA6B" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="487">P. subbiangulatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. This study does not confirm this opinion since, at the same level, we collected more
<taxonomicName id="4C2395C2FF80FFE0062EA4D9FD39FA08" authorityName="d'Orbigny" authorityYear="1850" box="[538,719,1463,1489]" class="Cephalopoda" family="Nautilidae" genus="Nautilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nautilida" pageId="18" pageNumber="487" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="subbiangulatus">
<emphasis id="B9573253FF80FFE0062EA4D9FD39FA08" box="[538,719,1463,1489]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="487">P. subbiangulatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
than
<taxonomicName id="4C2395C2FF80FFE004B0A4B9FEE6FA28" authorityName="Marchand &amp; Tintant" authorityYear="1971" box="[132,272,1495,1521]" class="Cephalopoda" family="Pseudonautilidae" genus="Pseudaganides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nautilida" pageId="18" pageNumber="487" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="dimidiatus">
<emphasis id="B9573253FF80FFE004B0A4B9FEE6FA28" box="[132,272,1495,1521]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="487">P. dimidiatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Therefore, another explanation which could be considered would be a possible sexual dimorphism. This phenomenon has been described by several authors in modern
<taxonomicName id="4C2395C2FF80FFE004B6A756FF2AF988" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[130,220,1591,1617]" class="Cephalopoda" family="Nautilidae" genus="Nautilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nautilida" pageId="18" pageNumber="487" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9573253FF80FFE004B6A756FF2AF988" box="[130,220,1591,1617]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="487">Nautilus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
<bibRefCitation id="EFB293B0FF80FFE004D9A756FE71F988" author="WILLEY A." box="[237,391,1591,1617]" pageId="18" pageNumber="487" refId="ref16494" refString="WILLEY A. 1902. - Contributions to the natural history of the pearly Nautilus: Zoological results based on material from New Britain, New Guinea, Loyalty Islands and elsewhere, collected during the years 1895, 1896 and 1897: Part 6: 691 - 830. University Press, Cambridge. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 46216" type="book" year="1902">Willey (1902)</bibRefCitation>
was the first biologist who noticed that males are larger and have a broader aperture than females. More recent studies (
<bibRefCitation id="EFB293B0FF80FFE00545A716FD62F948" author="SAUNDERS W. B. &amp; SPINOSA C." box="[369,660,1655,1681]" pageId="18" pageNumber="487" pagination="349 - 358" refId="ref15785" refString="SAUNDERS W. B. &amp; SPINOSA C. 1978. - Sexual dimorphism in Nautilus from Palau. Paleobiology 4: 349 - 358. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0094837300006047" type="journal article" year="1978">
Saunders
<taxonomicName id="4C2395C2FF80FFE005E9A716FDA4F948" box="[477,594,1655,1681]" class="Cephalopoda" family="Nautilidae" genus="Belmonticeras" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nautilida" pageId="18" pageNumber="487" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="spinosa">&amp; Spinosa</taxonomicName>
1978
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFB293B0FF80FFE00690A716FF01F968" author="SAUNDERS W. B. &amp; MAPES R. H. &amp; WHITE M. M. &amp; HASTIE S. T. &amp; YAQIN K." pageId="18" pageNumber="487" pagination="1 - 14" refId="ref15822" refString="SAUNDERS W. B., MAPES R. H., WHITE M. M., HASTIE S. T. &amp; YAQIN K. 2017. - Descriptions of Nautilus pompilius Linnaeus, 1758 from the Type Area, Ambon, Molucca Islands, and from Sumbawa-Lombok Islands, Indonesia. American Malacological Bulletin 35 (1): 1 - 14. https: // doi. org / 10.4003 / 006.035.0102" type="journal article" year="2017">
Saunders
<emphasis id="B9573253FF80FFE004B0A7F9FF4EF968" box="[132,184,1687,1713]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="487">et al.</emphasis>
2017
</bibRefCitation>
) lead to the same conclusions. Consequently, we suggest that
<taxonomicName id="4C2395C2FF80FFE00527A7D6FE6BF908" authorityName="Marchand &amp; Tintant" authorityYear="1971" box="[275,413,1719,1745]" class="Cephalopoda" family="Pseudonautilidae" genus="Pseudaganides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nautilida" pageId="18" pageNumber="487" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="dimidiatus">
<emphasis id="B9573253FF80FFE00527A7D6FE6BF908" box="[275,413,1719,1745]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="487">P. dimidiatus</emphasis>
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, the smallest shell, could be the presumed female and
<taxonomicName id="4C2395C2FF80FFE0055BA7B6FDD4F929" authorityName="d'Orbigny" authorityYear="1850" box="[367,546,1750,1776]" class="Cephalopoda" family="Nautilidae" genus="Nautilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nautilida" pageId="18" pageNumber="487" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="subbiangulatus">
<emphasis id="B9573253FF80FFE0055BA7B6FDD4F929" box="[367,546,1750,1776]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="487">P. subbiangulatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the largest, could be the male of a single species.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
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195
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<emphasis id="B9573253FF80FFE004E4A639FE17F8A9" bold="true" box="[208,481,1878,1906]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="487">Pseudaganides aganiticus</emphasis>
(Schlotheim, 1820)
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<paragraph id="8B9CEE41FF80FFE00545A616FDECF848" blockId="18.[208,699,1878,1937]" box="[369,538,1910,1937]" pageId="18" pageNumber="487">(Fig. 14C1-C3)</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="B9573253FF80FFE004B0A6D8FEB0F808" box="[132,326,1977,2001]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="487">Nautilites aganiticus</emphasis>
Schlotheim, 1820: 63
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. — von
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: pl. XV (VI), fig. 1a-b.
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<emphasis id="B9573253FF80FFE00719A56EFBE1FBFE" box="[813,1047,1039,1063]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="487">Pseudaganides aganiticus</emphasis>
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–
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, pl. IV, fig. 1a-b. —
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Jain
<emphasis id="B9573253FF80FFE007EAA54BFBE6FB9B" box="[990,1040,1066,1090]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="487">et al.</emphasis>
2023: 17
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, fig. 14A-H.
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.
<emphasis id="B9573253FF80FFE0079EA502FC35FBA3" box="[938,963,1123,1146]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="487">—</emphasis>
Small shells, maximum diameter about
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. The umbilicus is quite small, the section is higher than wide with flat sides converging toward a narrow and rounded venter on the phragmocone. This venter flattens on the body-chamber, becoming rarely concave. Most of the time it is boarded by angular ventrolateral shoulders. Suture line with a wide and deep dissymmetric lateral lobe, lateral saddle narrow and quite short, shallow, and rounded ventral lobe.
</paragraph>
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. —
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•
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; [
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,
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]; top of the
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Zone
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; Middle Callovian; Patrick Branger leg.;
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;
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(
<collectorName id="26D68B97FF80FFE007E3A4C2FC08FA62" box="[983,1022,1443,1467]" pageId="18" pageNumber="487">Fig.</collectorName>
14C1-C3)
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.
</paragraph>
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.
<emphasis id="B9573253FF80FFE007EAA4BCFC01FA2D" box="[990,1015,1501,1524]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="487">—</emphasis>
See
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. — The oldest sample that can be attributed to this taxon has been taken from the top of the
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<emphasis id="B9573253FF80FFE000EEA751FAEDF99E" box="[1242,1307,1584,1607]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="487">Anceps</emphasis>
Zone, Middle Callovian. It
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is a common species within Upper Callovian and Lower Oxfordian (
<bibRefCitation id="EFB293B0FF80FFE007DEA705FB0DF9A5" author="MARCHAND D. &amp; TINTANT H." box="[1002,1275,1636,1660]" pageId="18" pageNumber="487" pagination="111 - 169" refId="ref15635" refString="MARCHAND D. &amp; TINTANT H. 1971. - Etudes statistiques sur Pseudaganides aganiticus (Schlotheim) et diverses especes voisines. Bulletin des Sciences de Bourgogne 28: 111 - 169." type="journal article" year="1971">Marchand &amp; Tintant 1971</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFB293B0FF80FFE0013CA705FA57F9A5" author="JAIN S. &amp; SALAMON M. A. &amp; SCHWEIGERT G. &amp; PASZCZA K." box="[1288,1441,1636,1660]" pageId="18" pageNumber="487" pagination="1 - 33" refId="ref15155" refString="JAIN S., SALAMON M. A., SCHWEIGERT G. &amp; PASZCZA K. 2023. - Ammonite-calibrated nautiloid occurrences from the Callovian-Oxfordian (Middle-Upper Jurassic) deposits of southern Poland. Historical Biology 23 (65): 1 - 33, 17 figs, 9 apps. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 08912963.2023.2220006" type="journal article" year="2023">
Jain
<emphasis id="B9573253FF80FFE00102A704FA90F9A5" box="[1334,1382,1636,1660]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="487">et al.</emphasis>
2023
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C339BDCAFF80FFE00719A7D2FB5CF832" pageId="18" pageNumber="487" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B9CEE41FF80FFE00719A7D2FB90F912" blockId="18.[812,1455,1715,2028]" box="[813,1126,1715,1741]" pageId="18" pageNumber="487">
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As the investigations were mainly focused on Jurassic strata from southern Deux-Sèvres, the collection is lacking in Upper Callovian examples. Nevertheless, the few
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<emphasis id="B9573253FF80FFE00719A650FC34F892" box="[813,962,1841,1867]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="487">Pseudaganides</emphasis>
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from these beds clearly belong to
<taxonomicName id="4C2395C2FF80FFE00119A653FC37F8B2" authority="(Schlotheim)" baseAuthorityName="Schlotheim" baseAuthorityYear="1820" class="Cephalopoda" family="Pseudonautilidae" genus="Pseudaganides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nautilida" pageId="18" pageNumber="487" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="aganiticus">
<emphasis id="B9573253FF80FFE00119A653FA5BF892" box="[1325,1453,1842,1867]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="487">P. aganiticus</emphasis>
(Schlotheim)
</taxonomicName>
. This species has been revised by
<bibRefCitation id="EFB293B0FF80FFE00114A630FC21F852" author="MARCHAND D. &amp; TINTANT H." pageId="18" pageNumber="487" pagination="111 - 169" refId="ref15635" refString="MARCHAND D. &amp; TINTANT H. 1971. - Etudes statistiques sur Pseudaganides aganiticus (Schlotheim) et diverses especes voisines. Bulletin des Sciences de Bourgogne 28: 111 - 169." type="journal article" year="1971">Marchand &amp; Tintant (1971)</bibRefCitation>
and no further comment is needed. It differs from
<taxonomicName id="4C2395C2FF80FFE007A9A6F3FBAFF872" authorityName="d'Orbigny" authorityYear="1850" box="[925,1113,1937,1963]" class="Cephalopoda" family="Nautilidae" genus="Nautilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nautilida" pageId="18" pageNumber="487" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="subbiangulatus">
<emphasis id="B9573253FF80FFE007A9A6F3FBAFF872" box="[925,1113,1937,1963]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="487">P. subbiangulatus</emphasis>
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in three major points, a more rounded section on the flanks, a smaller size (
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) and a rather closed umbilicus (
<figureCitation id="1318F2C4FF80FFE0006CA6B0FB6FF835" box="[1112,1177,2001,2028]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="9.[132,143,883,900]" captionTargetBox="[139,1451,215,843]" captionTargetId="graphics-190@9.[139,1451,215,843]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIG. 7. — Ratio “u” of the umbilical width compared with the diameter of the shell (U/D) among the different species of Antaganides n. gen. and Pseudaganides Spath, 1927." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13884447" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13884447/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="487">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
).
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284
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Small nautilus, maximum diameter about
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, shell compressed with an oval section on inner whorls. On the adult body-chamber, the venter flattens. The umbilicus is open on the juvenile but very small. Suture lines with a wide but shallow lateral lobe.
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ETYMOLOGY.
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After the name of Henri Sauvaget, teacher in Niort, involved in the Museum of Natural History of this town at the beginning of the XXth century and donator of his paleontological collection to this Museum.
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Zone, layer “Banc Pourri”;
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<collectingCountry id="F334AED1FF95FFF5004DA47CFB4AFAEC" box="[1145,1212,1309,1333]" name="France" pageId="7" pageNumber="476">France</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
•
<specimenCount id="9D2525C8FF95FFF500E6A47CFAB2FAEC" box="[1234,1348,1309,1333]" count="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="476" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
; Nouvelle-Aquitaine, Aigondigné, Mougon, “Trotte-Buie” (
<specimenCode id="DB85463AFF95FFF50100A456FA69FA96" box="[1332,1439,1335,1359]" collectionCode="POC" pageId="7" pageNumber="476">POC0102</specimenCode>
); [
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,
<geoCoordinate id="EE178886FF95FFF507F6A433FBC0FAB3" box="[962,1078,1362,1386]" degrees="0" direction="west" minutes="12" orientation="longitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="476" precision="15" seconds="28" value="-0.20777778">0°12’28”W</geoCoordinate>
];
<emphasis id="B9573253FF95FFF5007BA433FB67FAB0" box="[1103,1169,1362,1385]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="476">Zigzag</emphasis>
Zone, layer “Banc Pourri”;
<location id="8EFCB89AFF95FFF5071BA40DFC2AFA5D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038A5F57FF95FFFA0535A755FAAEF835:8EFCB89AFF95FFF5071BA40DFC2AFA5D" box="[815,988,1388,1412]" country="France" name="Lower Bathonian" pageId="7" pageNumber="476">Lower Bathonian</location>
; Patrick Branger leg.;
<collectionCode id="ED327684FF95FFF50084A40DFB0BFA5D" box="[1200,1277,1388,1412]" pageId="7" pageNumber="476">MBAN</collectionCode>
;
<emphasis id="B9573253FF95FFF50137A40DFA7BFA5D" box="[1283,1421,1388,1412]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="476">2023.PB.N93</emphasis>
•
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="3B4BE41CFF95FFF50197A40DFBA8FA0C" collectionCode="OTHER, SPECIMENS, EXAMINED" country="France" latitude="46.306942" location="France" longitude="-0.46166664" pageId="7" pageNumber="476" specimenCode="POC0102" specimenCount="1">
<specimenCount id="9D2525C8FF95FFF50197A40DFC7CFA47" count="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="476" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
; Nouvelle-Aquitaine, Niort; [
<geoCoordinate id="EE178886FF95FFF5009FA4E7FAD1FA47" box="[1195,1319,1414,1438]" degrees="46" direction="north" minutes="18" orientation="latitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="476" precision="15" seconds="25" value="46.306942">46°18’25”N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE178886FF95FFF50104A4E6FA56FA46" box="[1328,1440,1415,1439]" degrees="0" direction="west" minutes="27" orientation="longitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="476" precision="15" seconds="42" value="-0.46166664">0°27’42”W</geoCoordinate>
];
<emphasis id="B9573253FF95FFF50719A4C3FC9DFA60" box="[813,875,1442,1465]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="476">Zigzag</emphasis>
Zone, layer “Banc Pourri”;
<location id="8EFCB89AFF95FFF50059A4C0FAE3FA60" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038A5F57FF95FFFA0535A755FAAEF835:8EFCB89AFF95FFF50059A4C0FAE3FA60" box="[1133,1301,1441,1465]" country="France" name="Lower Bathonian" pageId="7" pageNumber="476">Lower Bathonian</location>
; Patrick Branger leg.;
<collectionCode id="ED327684FF95FFF5076FA4DAFC5FFA0A" box="[859,937,1467,1491]" pageId="7" pageNumber="476">MBAN</collectionCode>
;
<emphasis id="B9573253FF95FFF50781A4DAFBB8FA0A" box="[949,1102,1467,1491]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="476">2023.PB.N127</emphasis>
•
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="3B4BE41CFF95FFF50051A4DAFC67F9FB" collectionCode="OTHER, SPECIMENS, EXAMINED" country="France" latitude="46.358334" location="France" longitude="-0.42694443" pageId="7" pageNumber="476" specimenCode="POC0102" specimenCount="1">
<specimenCount id="9D2525C8FF95FFF50051A4DAFB2FFA0A" box="[1125,1241,1467,1491]" count="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="476" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
; Nouvelle-Aquitaine, Échiré; [
<geoCoordinate id="EE178886FF95FFF507BCA4B7FBFFFA37" box="[904,1033,1494,1518]" degrees="46" direction="north" minutes="21" orientation="latitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="476" precision="15" seconds="30" value="46.358334">46°21’30”N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE178886FF95FFF50022A4B7FB7AFA37" box="[1046,1164,1494,1518]" degrees="0" direction="west" minutes="25" orientation="longitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="476" precision="15" seconds="37" value="-0.42694443">0°25’37”W</geoCoordinate>
];
<emphasis id="B9573253FF95FFF50091A4B7FB11FA34" box="[1189,1255,1494,1517]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="476">Zigzag</emphasis>
Zone, layer “Banc Pourri”;
<location id="8EFCB89AFF95FFF507B1A490FBC1F9D1" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038A5F57FF95FFFA0535A755FAAEF835:8EFCB89AFF95FFF507B1A490FBC1F9D1" box="[901,1079,1520,1544]" country="France" name="Lower Bathonian" pageId="7" pageNumber="476">Lower Bathonian</location>
; Patrick Branger leg.; MBAN;
<emphasis id="B9573253FF95FFF50142A491FC7CF9FA" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="476">2023. PB.N128</emphasis>
.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
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<collectionCode id="ED327684FF95FFF50719A725FCABF980" box="[813,861,1604,1627]" pageId="7" pageNumber="476">TYPE</collectionCode>
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<collectionCode id="ED327684FF95FFF50757A728FC48F983" box="[867,958,1609,1626]" pageId="7" pageNumber="476">LOCALITY</collectionCode>
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<collectionCode id="ED327684FF95FFF507F7A728FC1AF983" box="[963,1004,1609,1626]" pageId="7" pageNumber="476">AND</collectionCode>
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<collectionCode id="ED327684FF95FFF507C5A728FBBDF983" box="[1009,1099,1609,1626]" pageId="7" pageNumber="476">STRATUM</collectionCode>
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. — All the specimens come from a layer called regionally “Banc Pourri” that corresponds to the
<emphasis id="B9573253FF95FFF50766A718FC64F949" box="[850,914,1657,1680]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="476">Zigzag</emphasis>
Zone of the Lower Bathonian, especially at the Viaduc de l’Égray where the
<typeStatus id="549850E3FF95FFF50034A7F2FBAEF972" box="[1024,1112,1683,1707]" pageId="7" pageNumber="476" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
is coming from.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C339BDCAFF95FFFA0719A7ADFB4AF8F5" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="477" pageId="7" pageNumber="476" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B9CEE41FF95FFF50719A7ADFB9CF93A" blockId="7.[813,1130,1739,1764]" box="[813,1130,1739,1764]" pageId="7" pageNumber="476">
<smallCapsWord id="8D7A789DFF95FFF50719A7ADFC3DF93B" baselines="1757,1758" box="[813,971,1740,1763]" lowerCaseFontSize="7" mainFontSize="10" normCase="title" normString="Measurements" pageId="7" pageNumber="476">MEASUREMENTS</smallCapsWord>
. — See
<tableCitation id="C6A1DBFAFF95FFF50028A7AAFB9CF93A" box="[1052,1130,1739,1764]" captionStart="TABLE" captionStartId="7.[132,143,1177,1194]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="TABLE 2. — Measurements (D, H, W, U, P, L, in mm) for Antaganides sauvageti n. gen., n. sp." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF5CBEC9FF95FFF504B0A5F8FF0EFB18" pageId="7" pageNumber="476" tableUuid="DF5CBEC9FF95FFF504B0A5F8FF0EFB18">Table 2.</tableCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9CEE41FF95FFF50719A673FC4BF8F3" blockId="7.[811,1455,1810,2028]" box="[813,957,1810,1836]" pageId="7" pageNumber="476">
<smallCapsWord id="8D7A789DFF95FFF50719A673FC4BF8F3" baselines="1829,1829" box="[813,957,1810,1836]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="11" normCase="title" normString="Description" pageId="7" pageNumber="476">DESCRIPTION</smallCapsWord>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9CEE41FF95FFFA0719A650FB4AF8F5" blockId="7.[811,1455,1810,2028]" lastBlockId="8.[813,1456,1778,1836]" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="477" pageId="7" pageNumber="476">
Small shells, around
<quantity id="4CDB43A4FF95FFF50039A650FBADF895" box="[1037,1115,1841,1868]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="476" unit="mm" value="60.0">60 mm</quantity>
in diameter, very involute with a closed or slightly open umbilicus. The
<typeStatus id="549850E3FF95FFF500E8A633FAFDF8B5" box="[1244,1291,1874,1900]" pageId="7" pageNumber="476">type</typeStatus>
specimen is an adult form displaying approximation of the last two septa. The shell is compressed in the inner whorls and widens on the body-chamber that is always higher than wide. The section of the whorls is trapezoidal and flanks are slightly rounded. The maximum width is close to the umbilicus, at about 1/3 of the height of the whorl. Umbilical area is rounded with a perpendicular coiling to the proceeding whorl. The ventral part is limited by rounded shoulders that become more angular but never sharp on the body-chamber. Venter is rounded, flattened on the body-chamber where it can become slightly concave. Suture line (
<figureCitation id="1318F2C4FF9AFFFA069AA6D0FD08F812" box="[686,766,1969,1995]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="7.[132,143,1019,1036]" captionTargetBox="[226,1361,215,976]" captionTargetId="figure-370@7.[227,1361,215,975]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIG. 4. — Suture lines of Antaganides n. gen. and Pseudaganides Spath, 1927: A, Antaganides cf. erycinus (Tagliarini,1901), n. comb., 2023.PB.N117; B, Antaganides sauvageti n. gen., n. sp. 2023.PB.N64; C, Antaganides fournieri n. gen., n. sp., 2023.PB.N105; D, Pseudaganides aquitanense n. sp., 2023.PB.N96; E, Pseudaganides buffeventin. sp.,2023.PB.N76; F, Pseudaganides crechensisn. sp., 2023.PB.N107; G, Pseudaganides subbiangulatus (d’Orbigny,1850),2023. PB.N73, Patina Zone; H, Pseudaganides subbiangulatus, 2023.PB.N112, Anceps Zone." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13884439" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13884439/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="477">Fig. 4B</figureCitation>
) shows a wide, shallow lateral lobe and a ventral lobe too. The aperture is partly broken but the dorsal part seems to be similar to these of
<taxonomicName id="4C2395C2FF9AFFFA002AA673FB40F8F5" authorityName="Spath" authorityYear="1927" box="[1054,1206,1810,1836]" class="Cephalopoda" family="Pseudonautilidae" genus="Pseudaganides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nautilida" pageId="8" pageNumber="477" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9573253FF9AFFFA002AA673FB40F8F5" box="[1054,1206,1810,1836]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="477">Pseudaganides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF5CBEC9FF9AFFFA04B0A20FFED6FC4C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13884441" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13884441" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13884441/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="477" startId="8.[132,143,878,895]" targetBox="[138,1449,216,836]" targetPageId="8" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8B9CEE41FF9AFFFA04B0A20FFED6FC4C" blockId="8.[132,1455,878,917]" pageId="8" pageNumber="477">
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. 5. — Ratio “h” of the height of the whorl compared with the diameter of the shell (H/D) among the different species of
<taxonomicName id="4C2395C2FF9AFFFA00B0A20FFB1DFCA6" authorityName="Branger" authorityYear="2024" box="[1156,1259,878,895]" class="Cephalopoda" family="Pseudonautilidae" genus="Antaganides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nautilida" pageId="8" pageNumber="477" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9573253FF9AFFFA00B0A20FFB1DFCA6" box="[1156,1259,878,895]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="477">Antaganides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2648F28FF9AFFFA00C5A20FFADAFCA6" box="[1265,1324,878,895]" pageId="8" pageNumber="477" rank="genus">n. gen.</taxonomicNameLabel>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C2395C2FF9AFFFA0161A20FFEEAFC4C" authority="Spath, 1927" authorityName="Spath" authorityYear="1927" class="Cephalopoda" family="Pseudonautilidae" genus="Pseudaganides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nautilida" pageId="8" pageNumber="477" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9573253FF9AFFFA0161A20FFF47FC4C" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="477">Pseudaganides</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFB293B0FF9AFFFA0482A2E5FEEAFC4C" author="SPATH L. F." box="[182,284,900,917]" pageId="8" pageNumber="477" pagination="1 - 71" refId="ref15955" refString="SPATH L. F. 1927. - Revision of the Jurassic cephalopod fauna of Kachh (Cutch). Memoirs of the Geological Survey of India, Paleontologia Indica, New Series 9 (2): 1 - 71." type="journal article" year="1927">Spath, 1927</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
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<paragraph id="8B9CEE41FF9AFFFA04B0A730FED6F9A1" blockId="8.[132,1455,1617,1656]" pageId="8" pageNumber="477">
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. 6. — Ratio “w” of the width of the whorl compared with the diameter of the shell (W/D) among the different species of
<taxonomicName id="4C2395C2FF9AFFFA00B1A730FB1AF9BB" authorityName="Branger" authorityYear="2024" box="[1157,1260,1617,1634]" class="Cephalopoda" family="Pseudonautilidae" genus="Antaganides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nautilida" pageId="8" pageNumber="477" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9573253FF9AFFFA00B1A730FB1AF9BB" box="[1157,1260,1617,1634]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="477">Antaganides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2648F28FF9AFFFA00C5A730FADBF9BB" box="[1265,1325,1617,1634]" pageId="8" pageNumber="477" rank="genus">n. gen.</taxonomicNameLabel>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C2395C2FF9AFFFA0161A730FEEAF9A1" authority="Spath, 1927" authorityName="Spath" authorityYear="1927" class="Cephalopoda" family="Pseudonautilidae" genus="Pseudaganides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nautilida" pageId="8" pageNumber="477" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9573253FF9AFFFA0161A730FF47F9A1" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="477">Pseudaganides</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFB293B0FF9AFFFA0482A706FEEAF9A1" author="SPATH L. F." box="[182,284,1639,1656]" pageId="8" pageNumber="477" pagination="1 - 71" refId="ref15955" refString="SPATH L. F. 1927. - Revision of the Jurassic cephalopod fauna of Kachh (Cutch). Memoirs of the Geological Survey of India, Paleontologia Indica, New Series 9 (2): 1 - 71." type="journal article" year="1927">Spath, 1927</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C339BDCAFF9AFFFA0719A633FAAEF835" pageId="8" pageNumber="477" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8B9CEE41FF9AFFFA0719A633FC67F8B3" blockId="8.[810,1456,1874,2028]" box="[813,913,1874,1900]" pageId="8" pageNumber="477">
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9CEE41FF9AFFFA0719A613FAAEF835" blockId="8.[810,1456,1874,2028]" pageId="8" pageNumber="477">
In Western Europe, Lower Bathonian beds are usually very fossiliferous but no similar species has ever been described.Compared with
<taxonomicName id="4C2395C2FF9AFFFA0756A6D0FBA6F812" authorityName="Branger" authorityYear="2024" baseAuthorityName="Tagliarini" baseAuthorityYear="1901" box="[866,1104,1969,1995]" class="Cephalopoda" family="Pseudonautilidae" genus="Antaganides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" isUncertain="true" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nautilida" pageId="8" pageNumber="477" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="erycinus" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9573253FF9AFFFA0756A6D0FC2AF812" box="[866,988,1969,1995]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="477">Antaganides</emphasis>
cf.
<emphasis id="B9573253FF9AFFFA0035A6D3FBA6F812" box="[1025,1104,1970,1995]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="477">erycinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2648F28FF9AFFFA0062A6D3FB40F812" box="[1110,1206,1969,1996]" pageId="8" pageNumber="477" rank="species">n. comb.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, the shell of
<taxonomicName id="4C2395C2FF9AFFFA0103A6D0FA59F812" authorityName="Branger" authorityYear="2024" box="[1335,1455,1969,1995]" class="Cephalopoda" family="Pseudonautilidae" genus="Antaganides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nautilida" pageId="8" pageNumber="477" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="sauvageti" status="n. gen., n. sp.">
<emphasis id="B9573253FF9AFFFA0103A6D0FA59F812" box="[1335,1455,1969,1995]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="477">A. sauvageti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2648F28FF9AFFFA0719A6B3FC4CF835" box="[813,954,2002,2028]" pageId="8" pageNumber="477" rank="species">n. gen., n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
is a little larger and thicker at adult age.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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<mods:title id="03BFA1714B656D4CCE13EFA386A71D7E">Antaganides n. gen., a new genus of Middle Jurassic nautiloid, ancestor of Pseudaganides Spath, 1927, with discussion on the phyletic origin of the family Pseudonautilidae</mods:title>
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<paragraph id="8B9CEE41FF96FFF6050CA6E8FDA2F87A" blockId="4.[312,596,1929,1955]" box="[312,596,1929,1955]" pageId="4" pageNumber="473">
<heading id="D0D4592DFF96FFF6050CA6E8FDA2F87A" box="[312,596,1929,1955]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="473" reason="2">
Genus
<taxonomicName id="4C2395C2FF96FFF605B1A6E8FDF5F87A" authorityName="Branger" authorityYear="2024" box="[389,515,1929,1955]" class="Cephalopoda" family="Pseudonautilidae" genus="Antaganides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nautilida" pageId="4" pageNumber="473" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9573253FF96FFF605B1A6E8FDF5F87A" box="[389,515,1929,1955]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="473">Antaganides</emphasis>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2648F28FF96FFF6063DA6E8FDA2F87A" box="[521,596,1929,1955]" pageId="4" pageNumber="473" rank="genus">n. gen.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</heading>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C339BDCAFF96FFF604B0A6B0FCF1F83B" box="[132,775,2001,2018]" pageId="4" pageNumber="473" type="description">
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<subSubSection id="C339BDCAFF96FFF60719A4D2FA47F997" pageId="4" pageNumber="473" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8B9CEE41FF96FFF60719A4D2FA47F997" blockId="4.[812,1457,1458,1614]" pageId="4" pageNumber="473">
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. — Small sized shells, maximum around
<quantity id="4CDB43A4FF96FFF6011CA4D3FA99FA13" box="[1320,1391,1458,1482]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="473" unit="mm" value="60.0">60 mm</quantity>
or less at adult stage, compressed, showing a wide shallow lateral lobe and a shallow ventral lobe.
<collectingRegion id="49E720A3FF96FFF6003BA486FBB2FA26" box="[1039,1092,1511,1535]" country="Spain" name="Ceuta" pageId="4" pageNumber="473">Septa</collectingRegion>
moderately spaced, 8 to 9 chambers are present for half a whorl. Flanks slightly rounded and venter flattens on the body-chamber. Most species posess a closed umbilicus except as juveniles.When visible, the siphuncle is close to the venter.
</paragraph>
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<collectionCode id="ED327684FF96FFF60750A70CFC5DF9A7" box="[868,939,1645,1662]" pageId="4" pageNumber="473">SPECIES</collectionCode>
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. —
<taxonomicName id="4C2395C2FF96FFF607E3A709FB57F959" authorityName="Branger" authorityYear="2024" box="[983,1185,1640,1664]" class="Cephalopoda" family="Pseudonautilidae" genus="Antaganides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nautilida" pageId="4" pageNumber="473" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="fournieri" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9573253FF96FFF607E3A709FB57F959" box="[983,1185,1640,1664]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="473">Antaganides fournieri</emphasis>
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(Fig. 3C1-C3).
</paragraph>
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<collectionCode id="ED327684FF96FFF60032A7FEFBB3F969" box="[1030,1093,1695,1712]" pageId="4" pageNumber="473">GENUS</collectionCode>
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. — Four nominal species are assigned to this new genus,
<taxonomicName id="4C2395C2FF96FFF607E0A7D5FAA4F915" authority="(Tagliarini, 1901)" authorityName="Branger" authorityYear="2024" baseAuthorityName="Tagliarini" baseAuthorityYear="1901" box="[980,1362,1716,1740]" class="Cephalopoda" family="Pseudonautilidae" genus="Antaganides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" isUncertain="true" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nautilida" pageId="4" pageNumber="473" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="erycinus" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9573253FF96FFF607E0A7D5FBB4F915" box="[980,1090,1716,1740]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="473">Antaganides</emphasis>
cf.
<emphasis id="B9573253FF96FFF60056A7D4FB5CF915" box="[1122,1194,1717,1740]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="473">erycinus</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFB293B0FF96FFF60086A7D5FABAF915" author="TAGLIARINI F. P." box="[1202,1356,1716,1740]" pageId="4" pageNumber="473" pagination="186 - 203" refId="ref15997" refString="TAGLIARINI F. P. 1901. - Monografia sui Nautili del Dogger inferior di Monte San Giuliano (Erice). Giornale di Scienze Naturale ed Econonomiche di Palermo 23 (1): 186 - 203, 6 pls." type="journal article" year="1901">Tagliarini, 1901</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
,
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from the Upper Bajocian,
<emphasis id="B9573253FF96FFF6000EA7AEFB62F93F" box="[1082,1172,1743,1766]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="473">Niortense</emphasis>
Zone,
<taxonomicName id="4C2395C2FF96FFF600EBA7AFFA46F93F" authorityName="Branger" authorityYear="2024" box="[1247,1456,1742,1766]" class="Cephalopoda" family="Pseudonautilidae" genus="Antaganides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nautilida" pageId="4" pageNumber="473" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="sauvageti" status="n. gen., n. sp.">
<emphasis id="B9573253FF96FFF600EBA7AFFA46F93F" box="[1247,1456,1742,1766]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="473">Antaganides sauvageti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2648F28FF96FFF60719A788FC58F8D9" box="[813,942,1769,1793]" pageId="4" pageNumber="473" rank="species">n. gen., n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
from the Lower Bathonian,
<emphasis id="B9573253FF96FFF6008FA788FB0FF8D9" box="[1211,1273,1769,1792]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="473">Zigzag</emphasis>
Zone,
<taxonomicName id="4C2395C2FF96FFF6010AA788FC88F8C2" authorityName="Branger" authorityYear="2024" class="Cephalopoda" family="Pseudonautilidae" genus="Antaganides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nautilida" pageId="4" pageNumber="473" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="fournieri" status="n. gen., n. sp.">
<emphasis id="B9573253FF96FFF6010AA788FC88F8C2" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="473">Antaganides fournieri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2648F28FF96FFF607B0A665FBFEF8C2" box="[900,1032,1796,1820]" pageId="4" pageNumber="473" rank="species">n. gen., n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
from the Middle Bathonian,
<emphasis id="B9573253FF96FFF60112A662FA73F8C2" box="[1318,1413,1795,1819]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="473">Progracilis</emphasis>
and
<emphasis id="B9573253FF96FFF60719A67FFC81F8EC" box="[813,887,1822,1845]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="473">Bremeri</emphasis>
Zones and
<taxonomicName id="4C2395C2FF96FFF607D1A67FFB6DF8EF" authorityName="Branger" authorityYear="2024" box="[997,1179,1822,1846]" class="Cephalopoda" family="Pseudonautilidae" genus="Antaganides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nautilida" pageId="4" pageNumber="473" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="grulkei" status="n. gen., n. sp.">
<emphasis id="B9573253FF96FFF607D1A67FFB6DF8EF" box="[997,1179,1822,1846]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="473">Antaganides grulkei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2648F28FF96FFF60094A67FFAD7F8EC" box="[1184,1313,1822,1846]" pageId="4" pageNumber="473" rank="species">n. gen., n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
from the same level. None of the new species described here has previously been reported or figured by any author.
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9CEE41FF96FFF60719A6E5FB4EF832" blockId="4.[813,1455,1924,2027]" pageId="4" pageNumber="473">
ETYMOLOGY. — Genus
<taxonomicName id="4C2395C2FF96FFF6002CA6E5FB9DF845" authorityName="de Montfort" authorityYear="1808" box="[1048,1131,1924,1948]" class="Cephalopoda" family="Prionoceratidae" genus="Aganides" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="4" pageNumber="473" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9573253FF96FFF6002CA6E5FB9DF845" box="[1048,1131,1924,1948]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="473">Aganides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the first name given by Spath to the group of
<taxonomicName id="4C2395C2FF96FFF6079BA6FFFB0DF86E" authority="Waagen, 1873" authorityName="Waagen" authorityYear="1873" box="[943,1275,1950,1975]" class="Cephalopoda" family="Nautilidae" genus="Nautilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nautilida" pageId="4" pageNumber="473" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="kutchensis">
<emphasis id="B9573253FF96FFF6079BA6FFFB93F86F" box="[943,1125,1950,1974]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="473">Nautilus kutchensis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFB293B0FF96FFF6005FA6FEFB0DF86E" author="WAAGEN W." box="[1131,1275,1951,1975]" pageId="4" pageNumber="473" pagination="1 - 22" refId="ref16394" refString="WAAGEN W. 1873. - Jurassic fauna of Kutch. The Cephalopoda. Memoirs of the Geological Survey of India, Paleontologia Indica. Ser. 1, pt. 1: 1 - 22, pls I-IV." type="book chapter" year="1873">Waagen, 1873</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, later transformed into
<taxonomicName id="4C2395C2FF96FFF60769A6D8FC14F808" authorityName="Spath" authorityYear="1927" box="[861,994,1977,2001]" class="Cephalopoda" family="Pseudonautilidae" genus="Pseudaganides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nautilida" pageId="4" pageNumber="473" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9573253FF96FFF60769A6D8FC14F808" box="[861,994,1977,2001]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="473">Pseudaganides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
due to preoccupation of the name, combined with the prefix “ante” meaning “before”.
</paragraph>
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1. — Measurements (D,H, W,U, P,L, in mm) for
<taxonomicName id="4C2395C2FF97FFF700D3A1BAFC4EFEDA" authority="(Tagliarini, 1901)" authorityName="Branger" authorityYear="2024" baseAuthorityName="Tagliarini" baseAuthorityYear="1901" class="Cephalopoda" family="Pseudonautilidae" genus="Antaganides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" isUncertain="true" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nautilida" pageId="5" pageNumber="474" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="erycinus" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9573253FF97FFF700D3A1BAFAB8FF35" box="[1255,1358,219,236]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="474">Antaganides</emphasis>
cf.
<emphasis id="B9573253FF97FFF7015EA1BAFA59FF35" box="[1386,1455,219,236]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="474">erycinus</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFB293B0FF97FFF70705A193FC44FEDA" author="TAGLIARINI F. P." box="[817,946,242,259]" pageId="5" pageNumber="474" pagination="186 - 203" refId="ref15997" refString="TAGLIARINI F. P. 1901. - Monografia sui Nautili del Dogger inferior di Monte San Giuliano (Erice). Giornale di Scienze Naturale ed Econonomiche di Palermo 23 (1): 186 - 203, 6 pls." type="journal article" year="1901">Tagliarini, 1901</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2648F28FF97FFF7078BA193FBFDFEDA" box="[959,1035,242,259]" pageId="5" pageNumber="474" rank="species">n. comb.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8B9CEE41FF97FFF7071AA05CFA69FE11" pageId="5" pageNumber="474">
<table id="F9231CE1FF97000D071AA05CFA50FE11" box="[814,1446,317,456]" colsContinueIn="13.[134,765,317,527]" gridcols="12" gridrows="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="474">
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<emphasis id="B9573253FF97FFF7071AA05CFCB5FE88" bold="true" box="[814,835,317,337]" pageId="5" pageNumber="474">n°</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="76C2857FFF97000D07FAA05CFC10FE88" box="[974,998,317,337]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="474">
<emphasis id="B9573253FF97FFF707E6A05CFC14FE88" bold="true" box="[978,994,317,337]" pageId="5" pageNumber="474">D</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="76C2857FFF97000D07CFA05CFBE5FE88" box="[1019,1043,317,337]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="474">
<emphasis id="B9573253FF97FFF707CBA05CFBF9FE88" bold="true" box="[1023,1039,317,337]" pageId="5" pageNumber="474">H</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="76C2857FFF97000D002AA05CFBBEFE88" box="[1054,1096,317,337]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="474">
<emphasis id="B9573253FF97FFF70019A05CFBCCFE88" bold="true" box="[1069,1082,317,337]" pageId="5" pageNumber="474">h</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="76C2857FFF97000D0060A05CFB9AFE88" box="[1108,1132,317,337]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="474">
<emphasis id="B9573253FF97FFF70062A05CFB9CFE88" bold="true" box="[1110,1130,317,337]" pageId="5" pageNumber="474">W</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="76C2857FFF97000D004CA05CFB54FE88" box="[1144,1186,317,337]" gridcol="5" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="474">
<emphasis id="B9573253FF97FFF700B0A05CFB63FE88" bold="true" box="[1156,1173,317,337]" pageId="5" pageNumber="474">w</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="76C2857FFF97000D0086A05CFB34FE88" box="[1202,1218,317,337]" gridcol="6" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="474">
<emphasis id="B9573253FF97FFF70086A05CFB34FE88" bold="true" box="[1202,1218,317,337]" pageId="5" pageNumber="474">U</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="76C2857FFF97000D00D4A05CFB1BFE88" box="[1248,1261,317,337]" gridcol="7" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="474">
<emphasis id="B9573253FF97FFF700D4A05CFB1BFE88" bold="true" box="[1248,1261,317,337]" pageId="5" pageNumber="474">u</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="76C2857FFF97000D00CAA05CFADFFE88" box="[1278,1321,317,337]" gridcol="8" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="474">
<emphasis id="B9573253FF97FFF700CAA05CFADFFE88" bold="true" box="[1278,1321,317,337]" pageId="5" pageNumber="474">W/H</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="76C2857FFF97000D010DA05CFAB1FE88" box="[1337,1351,317,337]" gridcol="9" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="474">
<emphasis id="B9573253FF97FFF7010DA05CFAB1FE88" bold="true" box="[1337,1351,317,337]" pageId="5" pageNumber="474">P</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="76C2857FFF97000D0155A05CFA8FFE88" box="[1377,1401,317,337]" gridcol="10" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="474">
<emphasis id="B9573253FF97FFF70152A05CFA85FE88" bold="true" box="[1382,1395,317,337]" pageId="5" pageNumber="474">L</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="76C2857FFF97000D01BAA05CFA50FE88" box="[1422,1446,317,337]" gridcol="11" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="474">
<emphasis id="B9573253FF97FFF701BBA05CFA52FE88" bold="true" box="[1423,1444,317,337]" pageId="5" pageNumber="474">%</emphasis>
</th>
</tr>
<tr id="3513EC03FF97000D071AA000FA50FEAC" box="[814,1446,353,373]" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="474">
<th id="76C2857FFF97000D071AA000FC4FFEAC" box="[814,953,353,373]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="474">
<emphasis id="B9573253FF97FFF7071AA000FC4FFEAC" box="[814,953,353,373]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="474">2023.PB.N117</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="76C2857FFF97000D07FAA000FC10FEAC" box="[974,998,353,373]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="474">54</td>
<td id="76C2857FFF97000D07CFA000FBE5FEAC" box="[1019,1043,353,373]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="474">33</td>
<td id="76C2857FFF97000D002AA000FBBEFEAC" box="[1054,1096,353,373]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="474">0.6</td>
<td id="76C2857FFF97000D0060A000FB9AFEAC" box="[1108,1132,353,373]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="474">29</td>
<td id="76C2857FFF97000D004CA000FB54FEAC" box="[1144,1186,353,373]" gridcol="5" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="474">0.53</td>
<td id="76C2857FFF97000D0086A000FB34FEAC" box="[1202,1218,353,373]" gridcol="6" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="474">0</td>
<td id="76C2857FFF97000D00D4A000FB1BFEAC" box="[1248,1261,353,373]" gridcol="7" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="474">0</td>
<td id="76C2857FFF97000D00CAA000FADFFEAC" box="[1278,1321,353,373]" gridcol="8" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="474">0.87</td>
<td id="76C2857FFF97000D010DA000FAB1FEAC" box="[1337,1351,353,373]" gridcol="9" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="474">3</td>
<td id="76C2857FFF97000D0155A000FA8FFEAC" box="[1377,1401,353,373]" gridcol="10" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="474">18</td>
<td id="76C2857FFF97000D01BAA000FA50FEAC" box="[1422,1446,353,373]" gridcol="11" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="474">16</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3513EC03FF97000D071AA018FA50FE54" box="[814,1446,377,397]" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="474" rowspan-0="1">
<td id="76C2857FFF97000D07FAA018FC10FE54" box="[974,998,377,397]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="474">34</td>
<td id="76C2857FFF97000D07CFA018FBE5FE54" box="[1019,1043,377,397]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="474">19</td>
<td id="76C2857FFF97000D002AA018FBBEFE54" box="[1054,1096,377,397]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="474">0.55</td>
<td id="76C2857FFF97000D0060A018FB9AFE54" box="[1108,1132,377,397]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="474">16</td>
<td id="76C2857FFF97000D004CA018FB54FE54" box="[1144,1186,377,397]" gridcol="5" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="474">0.47</td>
<td id="76C2857FFF97000D0086A018FB34FE54" box="[1202,1218,377,397]" gridcol="6" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="474">0</td>
<td id="76C2857FFF97000D00D4A018FB1BFE54" box="[1248,1261,377,397]" gridcol="7" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="474">0</td>
<td id="76C2857FFF97000D00CAA018FADFFE54" box="[1278,1321,377,397]" gridcol="8" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="474">0.84</td>
<td id="76C2857FFF97000D010DA018FAB1FE54" box="[1337,1351,377,397]" gridcol="9" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="474">
<emphasis id="B9573253FF97FFF7010FA018FAB0FE54" box="[1339,1350,377,397]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="474">–</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="76C2857FFF97000D0155A018FA8FFE54" box="[1377,1401,377,397]" gridcol="10" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="474">
<emphasis id="B9573253FF97FFF70153A018FA84FE54" box="[1383,1394,377,397]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="474">–</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="76C2857FFF97000D01BAA018FA50FE54" box="[1422,1446,377,397]" gridcol="11" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="474">
<emphasis id="B9573253FF97FFF701A0A018FA69FE54" box="[1428,1439,377,397]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="474">–</emphasis>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3513EC03FF97000D071AA0FDFA50FE69" box="[814,1446,412,432]" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="474">
<th id="76C2857FFF97000D071AA0FDFC4FFE69" box="[814,953,412,432]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="474">
<emphasis id="B9573253FF97FFF7071AA0FDFC4FFE69" box="[814,953,412,432]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="474">2023.PB.N129</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="76C2857FFF97000D07FAA0FDFC10FE69" box="[974,998,412,432]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="474">52</td>
<td id="76C2857FFF97000D07CFA0FDFBE5FE69" box="[1019,1043,412,432]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="474">32</td>
<td id="76C2857FFF97000D002AA0FDFBBEFE69" box="[1054,1096,412,432]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="474">0.61</td>
<td id="76C2857FFF97000D0060A0FDFB9AFE69" box="[1108,1132,412,432]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="474">31</td>
<td id="76C2857FFF97000D004CA0FDFB54FE69" box="[1144,1186,412,432]" gridcol="5" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="474">0.59</td>
<td id="76C2857FFF97000D0086A0FDFB34FE69" box="[1202,1218,412,432]" gridcol="6" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="474">0</td>
<td id="76C2857FFF97000D00D4A0FDFB1BFE69" box="[1248,1261,412,432]" gridcol="7" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="474">0</td>
<td id="76C2857FFF97000D00CAA0FDFADFFE69" box="[1278,1321,412,432]" gridcol="8" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="474">0.96</td>
<td id="76C2857FFF97000D010DA0FDFAB1FE69" box="[1337,1351,412,432]" gridcol="9" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="474">4</td>
<td id="76C2857FFF97000D0155A0FDFA8FFE69" box="[1377,1401,412,432]" gridcol="10" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="474">15</td>
<td id="76C2857FFF97000D01BAA0FDFA50FE69" box="[1422,1446,412,432]" gridcol="11" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="474">20</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3513EC03FF97000D071AA0D5FA50FE11" box="[814,1446,436,456]" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="474" rowspan-0="1">
<td id="76C2857FFF97000D07FAA0D5FC10FE11" box="[974,998,436,456]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="474">39</td>
<td id="76C2857FFF97000D07CFA0D5FBE5FE11" box="[1019,1043,436,456]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="474">25</td>
<td id="76C2857FFF97000D002AA0D5FBBEFE11" box="[1054,1096,436,456]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="474">0.66</td>
<td id="76C2857FFF97000D0060A0D5FB9AFE11" box="[1108,1132,436,456]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="474">20</td>
<td id="76C2857FFF97000D004CA0D5FB54FE11" box="[1144,1186,436,456]" gridcol="5" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="474">0.51</td>
<td id="76C2857FFF97000D0086A0D5FB34FE11" box="[1202,1218,436,456]" gridcol="6" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="474">0</td>
<td id="76C2857FFF97000D00D4A0D5FB1BFE11" box="[1248,1261,436,456]" gridcol="7" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="474">0</td>
<td id="76C2857FFF97000D00CAA0D5FADFFE11" box="[1278,1321,436,456]" gridcol="8" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="474">0.8</td>
<td id="76C2857FFF97000D010DA0D5FAB1FE11" box="[1337,1351,436,456]" gridcol="9" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="474">
<emphasis id="B9573253FF97FFF7010FA0D5FAB0FE11" box="[1339,1350,436,456]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="474">–</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="76C2857FFF97000D0155A0D5FA8FFE11" box="[1377,1401,436,456]" gridcol="10" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="474">
<emphasis id="B9573253FF97FFF70153A0D5FA84FE11" box="[1383,1394,436,456]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="474">–</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="76C2857FFF97000D01BAA0D5FA50FE11" box="[1422,1446,436,456]" gridcol="11" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="474">–</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF5CBEC9FF97FFF704B0A3C1FF10FD1E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13890333" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13890333" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13890333/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="474" startId="5.[132,143,672,689]" targetBox="[130,776,211,631]" targetPageId="5" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8B9CEE41FF97FFF704B0A3C1FF10FD1E" blockId="5.[132,775,672,711]" pageId="5" pageNumber="474">
<smallCapsWord id="8D7A789DFF97FFF704B0A3C1FF6BFD69" baselines="685,685" box="[132,157,672,689]" lowerCaseFontSize="5" mainFontSize="7" normCase="title" normString="Fig" pageId="5" pageNumber="474">FIG</smallCapsWord>
. 2. — Dimensional characteristics measured in this study, drawing from
<bibRefCitation id="EFB293B0FF97FFF704B0A3D7FF16FD1E" author="DZIK J." box="[132,224,694,711]" pageId="5" pageNumber="474" pagination="1 - 219" refId="ref14822" refString="DZIK J. 1984. - Phylogeny of the Nautiloidea. Palaeontologia Polonica 45: 1 - 219, 72 figs, 47 pls." type="journal article" year="1984">Dzik (1984)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8B9CEE41FF97FFF704B0A268FE05FCE2" blockId="5.[132,775,776,827]" pageId="5" pageNumber="474">
<smallCapsWord id="8D7A789DFF97FFF704B0A268FEFDFCC6" baselines="795,795" box="[132,267,777,801]" lowerCaseFontSize="7" mainFontSize="10" normCase="title" normString="Occurrence" pageId="5" pageNumber="474">OCCURRENCE</smallCapsWord>
. — To date,
<taxonomicName id="4C2395C2FF97FFF705A6A269FDF2FCF9" authorityName="Branger" authorityYear="2024" box="[402,516,776,800]" class="Cephalopoda" family="Pseudonautilidae" genus="Antaganides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nautilida" pageId="5" pageNumber="474" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9573253FF97FFF705A6A269FDF2FCF9" box="[402,516,776,800]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="474">Antaganides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2648F28FF97FFF7063FA268FDA6FCF8" box="[523,592,777,801]" pageId="5" pageNumber="474" rank="genus">n. gen.</taxonomicNameLabel>
has been recorded from Upper Bajocian and Bathonian.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C339BDCAFF97FFF704B0A214FF08F832" pageId="5" pageNumber="474" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8B9CEE41FF97FFF704B0A214FF1EFC54" blockId="5.[131,776,885,2028]" box="[132,232,885,911]" pageId="5" pageNumber="474">
<smallCapsWord id="8D7A789DFF97FFF704B0A214FF1EFC54" baselines="904,904" box="[132,232,885,911]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="11" normCase="title" normString="Remarks" pageId="5" pageNumber="474">REMARKS</smallCapsWord>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9CEE41FF97FFF704B0A2F4FF08F832" blockId="5.[131,776,885,2028]" pageId="5" pageNumber="474">
Due to its small relative size and compressed shell shape,
<taxonomicName id="4C2395C2FF97FFF704B2A2D4FEFDFC16" authorityName="Branger" authorityYear="2024" box="[134,267,949,975]" class="Cephalopoda" family="Pseudonautilidae" genus="Antaganides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nautilida" pageId="5" pageNumber="474" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9573253FF97FFF704B2A2D4FEFDFC16" box="[134,267,949,975]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="474">Antaganides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2648F28FF97FFF70520A2D4FE93FC16" box="[276,357,949,975]" pageId="5" pageNumber="474" rank="genus">n. gen.</taxonomicNameLabel>
cannot be mistaken with any other contemporaneous Middle Jurassic nautilids. From the Inferior Oolite Formation,
<bibRefCitation id="EFB293B0FF97FFF705BAA295FDD7FBD6" author="CRICK G. C." box="[398,545,1012,1039]" pageId="5" pageNumber="474" pagination="117 - 139" refId="ref14766" refString="CRICK G. C. 1898. - Description of new or imperfectly known species of Nautilus from the Inferior Oolite, preserved in the British Museum (Natural History). Proceedings of the Malacological Society of London 3: 117 - 139. https: // archive. org / details / biostor- 193383" type="journal article" year="1898">Crick (1898)</bibRefCitation>
described two small sized species,
<taxonomicName id="4C2395C2FF97FFF70522A574FD9DFBF7" authority="(Crick, 1898)" baseAuthorityName="Crick" baseAuthorityYear="1898" box="[278,619,1044,1071]" class="Cephalopoda" family="Nautilidae" genus="Cenoceras" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nautilida" pageId="5" pageNumber="474" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="fuscum">
<emphasis id="B9573253FF97FFF70522A574FE3BFBF7" box="[278,461,1044,1071]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="474">Cenoceras fuscum</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFB293B0FF97FFF705E8A575FD95FBF7" author="CRICK G. C." box="[476,611,1044,1070]" pageId="5" pageNumber="474" pagination="117 - 139" refId="ref14766" refString="CRICK G. C. 1898. - Description of new or imperfectly known species of Nautilus from the Inferior Oolite, preserved in the British Museum (Natural History). Proceedings of the Malacological Society of London 3: 117 - 139. https: // archive. org / details / biostor- 193383" type="journal article" year="1898">Crick, 1898</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C2395C2FF97FFF706AAA574FE44FB97" authority="(Crick, 1898)" baseAuthorityName="Crick" baseAuthorityYear="1898" class="Cephalopoda" family="Nautilidae" genus="Cenoceras" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nautilida" pageId="5" pageNumber="474" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="bradfordensis">
<emphasis id="B9573253FF97FFF706AAA574FEE6FB97" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="474">Cenoceras bradfordensis</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFB293B0FF97FFF7052AA555FE5FFB97" author="CRICK G. C." box="[286,425,1076,1102]" pageId="5" pageNumber="474" pagination="117 - 139" refId="ref14766" refString="CRICK G. C. 1898. - Description of new or imperfectly known species of Nautilus from the Inferior Oolite, preserved in the British Museum (Natural History). Proceedings of the Malacological Society of London 3: 117 - 139. https: // archive. org / details / biostor- 193383" type="journal article" year="1898">Crick, 1898</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
. These species are also reported from the Upper Bajocian (
<bibRefCitation id="EFB293B0FF97FFF7059FA535FDC0FBB7" author="CHIRAT R." box="[427,566,1108,1134]" pageId="5" pageNumber="474" refId="ref14629" refString="CHIRAT R. 1997. - Les Nautilida post-triasiques. Paleobiologie, paleoecologie, paleobiogeographie et systematique a la lumiere des donnees recemment acquises sur Nautilus. MC thesis, Universite de Caen, 322 p." type="book" year="1997">Chirat 1997</bibRefCitation>
).
<taxonomicName id="4C2395C2FF97FFF70678A534FCF1FBB7" baseAuthorityName="Crick" baseAuthorityYear="1898" box="[588,775,1108,1135]" class="Cephalopoda" family="Nautilidae" genus="Cenoceras" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nautilida" pageId="5" pageNumber="474" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="fuscum">
<emphasis id="B9573253FF97FFF70678A534FCF1FBB7" box="[588,775,1108,1135]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="474">Cenoceras fuscum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs by its more robust section, its well-marked angular margins, and a different aperture (see
<bibRefCitation id="EFB293B0FF97FFF70606A5F5FD4AFB77" author="CHIRAT R." box="[562,700,1172,1198]" pageId="5" pageNumber="474" refId="ref14629" refString="CHIRAT R. 1997. - Les Nautilida post-triasiques. Paleobiologie, paleoecologie, paleobiogeographie et systematique a la lumiere des donnees recemment acquises sur Nautilus. MC thesis, Universite de Caen, 322 p." type="book" year="1997">Chirat 1997</bibRefCitation>
: pl. 5, figs 4-5) and the umbilicus is more open.
<taxonomicName id="4C2395C2FF97FFF70641A5D5FEEAFB37" authority="Branger, 2004" authorityName="Branger" authorityYear="2004" class="Cephalopoda" family="Cenoceratidae" genus="Pictonautilus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nautilida" pageId="5" pageNumber="474" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9573253FF97FFF70641A5D5FCF0FB17" box="[629,774,1204,1230]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="474">Pictonautilus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFB293B0FF97FFF704B0A5B5FEEAFB37" author="BRANGER P." box="[132,284,1236,1262]" pageId="5" pageNumber="474" pagination="141 - 149" refId="ref14484" refString="BRANGER P. 2004. - Middle Jurassic Nautiloidea from Western France. Rivista Italiana di Paleontologia e Stratigrafia 110 (1): 141 - 149, 3 pls. https: // riviste. unimi. it / index. php / RIPS / article / view / 6280 / 6235" type="journal article" year="2004">Branger, 2004</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
of Bathonian age has the same characteristics.
<taxonomicName id="4C2395C2FF97FFF704B7A595FE77FAD4" baseAuthorityName="Crick" baseAuthorityYear="1898" box="[131,385,1267,1294]" class="Cephalopoda" family="Nautilidae" genus="Cenoceras" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nautilida" pageId="5" pageNumber="474" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="bradfordensis">
<emphasis id="B9573253FF97FFF704B7A595FE77FAD4" box="[131,385,1267,1294]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="474">Cenoceras bradfordensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is closer to
<taxonomicName id="4C2395C2FF97FFF70626A592FD63FAD4" authorityName="Branger" authorityYear="2024" box="[530,661,1267,1293]" class="Cephalopoda" family="Pseudonautilidae" genus="Antaganides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nautilida" pageId="5" pageNumber="474" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9573253FF97FFF70626A592FD63FAD4" box="[530,661,1267,1293]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="474">Antaganides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2648F28FF97FFF706A8A595FD18FAD7" box="[668,750,1268,1294]" pageId="5" pageNumber="474" rank="genus">n. gen.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, a little larger and a little older. For this species,
<bibRefCitation id="EFB293B0FF97FFF70641A472FCF3FAF7" author="CRICK G. C." box="[629,773,1299,1326]" pageId="5" pageNumber="474" pagination="117 - 139" refId="ref14766" refString="CRICK G. C. 1898. - Description of new or imperfectly known species of Nautilus from the Inferior Oolite, preserved in the British Museum (Natural History). Proceedings of the Malacological Society of London 3: 117 - 139. https: // archive. org / details / biostor- 193383" type="journal article" year="1898">Crick (1898)</bibRefCitation>
recognized two morphospecies, one with a compressed shell and another with a more inflated section. He considered this difference to be due to sexual dimorphism.
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<emphasis id="B9573253FF97FFF706ABA415FEE6FA74" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="474">Cenoceras bradfordensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
could be an ancestor of
<taxonomicName id="4C2395C2FF97FFF7061BA4F2FD44FA74" authorityName="Branger" authorityYear="2024" box="[559,690,1427,1453]" class="Cephalopoda" family="Pseudonautilidae" genus="Antaganides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nautilida" pageId="5" pageNumber="474" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9573253FF97FFF7061BA4F2FD44FA74" box="[559,690,1427,1453]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="474">Antaganides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2648F28FF97FFF7068DA4F5FCF1FA77" box="[697,775,1428,1454]" pageId="5" pageNumber="474" rank="genus">n. gen.</taxonomicNameLabel>
but further studies will clarify if this species should be integrated into the new genus. The closest genus to
<taxonomicName id="4C2395C2FF97FFF706FEA4B2FF24F9D4" authorityName="Branger" authorityYear="2024" class="Cephalopoda" family="Pseudonautilidae" genus="Antaganides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nautilida" pageId="5" pageNumber="474" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9573253FF97FFF706FEA4B2FF24F9D4" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="474">Antaganides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2648F28FF97FFF704EDA492FED3F9D4" box="[217,293,1523,1549]" pageId="5" pageNumber="474" rank="genus">n. gen.</taxonomicNameLabel>
is represented by
<taxonomicName id="4C2395C2FF97FFF705DDA492FD77F9D4" authorityName="Spath" authorityYear="1927" box="[489,641,1523,1549]" class="Cephalopoda" family="Pseudonautilidae" genus="Pseudaganides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nautilida" pageId="5" pageNumber="474" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9573253FF97FFF705DDA492FD77F9D4" box="[489,641,1523,1549]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="474">Pseudaganides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, with many morphological similarities: h, w, u, W/H (
<figureCitation id="1318F2C4FF97FFF7065CA773FD35F9F4" box="[616,707,1554,1581]" captionStart-0="FIG" captionStart-1="FIG" captionStart-2="FIG" captionStart-3="FIG" captionStartId-0="8.[132,143,878,895]" captionStartId-1="8.[132,143,1617,1634]" captionStartId-2="9.[132,143,883,900]" captionStartId-3="9.[300,311,1620,1637]" captionTargetBox-0="[138,1449,216,836]" captionTargetBox-1="[137,1450,952,1572]" captionTargetBox-2="[139,1451,215,843]" captionTargetBox-3="[139,1448,957,1577]" captionTargetId-0="graphics-167@8.[138,1449,216,836]" captionTargetId-1="graphics-373@8.[137,1450,952,1572]" captionTargetId-2="graphics-190@9.[139,1451,215,843]" captionTargetId-3="graphics-770@9.[139,1448,957,1577]" captionTargetPageId-0="8" captionTargetPageId-1="8" captionTargetPageId-2="9" captionTargetPageId-3="9" captionText-0="FIG. 5. — Ratio “h” of the height of the whorl compared with the diameter of the shell (H/D) among the different species of Antaganides n. gen. and Pseudaganides Spath, 1927." captionText-1="FIG. 6. — Ratio “w” of the width of the whorl compared with the diameter of the shell (W/D) among the different species of Antaganides n. gen. and Pseudaganides Spath, 1927." captionText-2="FIG. 7. — Ratio “u” of the umbilical width compared with the diameter of the shell (U/D) among the different species of Antaganides n. gen. and Pseudaganides Spath, 1927." captionText-3="FIG. 8. — Ratio “W/H” of the shell among the different species of Antaganides n. gen. and Pseudaganides Spath, 1927." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13884441" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13884445" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13884447" figureDoi-3="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13884451" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/13884441/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/13884445/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/13884447/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/13884451/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="474">Figs 5-8</figureCitation>
). The ratio “h” of the height of the whorl compared with the diameter of the shell (H/D) among the different species of
<taxonomicName id="4C2395C2FF97FFF70495A713FED2F955" authorityName="Branger" authorityYear="2024" box="[161,292,1650,1676]" class="Cephalopoda" family="Pseudonautilidae" genus="Antaganides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nautilida" pageId="5" pageNumber="474" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9573253FF97FFF70495A713FED2F955" box="[161,292,1650,1676]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="474">Antaganides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2648F28FF97FFF7051FA712FE81F954" box="[299,375,1651,1677]" pageId="5" pageNumber="474" rank="genus">n. gen.</taxonomicNameLabel>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C2395C2FF97FFF70599A713FDB3F955" authorityName="Spath" authorityYear="1927" box="[429,581,1650,1676]" class="Cephalopoda" family="Pseudonautilidae" genus="Pseudaganides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nautilida" pageId="5" pageNumber="474" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9573253FF97FFF70599A713FDB3F955" box="[429,581,1650,1676]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="474">Pseudaganides</emphasis>
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is about 0.6, and is fairly constant (
<figureCitation id="1318F2C4FF97FFF70562A7F3FE6FF974" box="[342,409,1682,1709]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="8.[132,143,878,895]" captionTargetBox="[138,1449,216,836]" captionTargetId="graphics-167@8.[138,1449,216,836]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIG. 5. — Ratio “h” of the height of the whorl compared with the diameter of the shell (H/D) among the different species of Antaganides n. gen. and Pseudaganides Spath, 1927." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13884441" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13884441/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="474">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
). The ratio “w” of the width of the whorl compared with the diameter of the shell (W/D) varies from 0.4 to 0.6 within the two genera (
<figureCitation id="1318F2C4FF97FFF706B1A7B3FD33F935" box="[645,709,1746,1772]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="8.[132,143,1617,1634]" captionTargetBox="[137,1450,952,1572]" captionTargetId="graphics-373@8.[137,1450,952,1572]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIG. 6. — Ratio “w” of the width of the whorl compared with the diameter of the shell (W/D) among the different species of Antaganides n. gen. and Pseudaganides Spath, 1927." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13884445" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13884445/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="474">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
). The umbilical width compared with the diameter of the shell (U/D = “u”) is always very low, from 0 to 0.1 except for one
<taxonomicName id="4C2395C2FF97FFF70487A650FE68F892" box="[179,414,1841,1867]" pageId="5" pageNumber="474">
<emphasis id="B9573253FF97FFF70487A650FEBDF892" box="[179,331,1841,1867]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="474">Pseudaganides</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="1318F2C4FF97FFF7059AA650FE1BF895" box="[430,493,1841,1868]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="9.[132,143,883,900]" captionTargetBox="[139,1451,215,843]" captionTargetId="graphics-190@9.[139,1451,215,843]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIG. 7. — Ratio “u” of the umbilical width compared with the diameter of the shell (U/D) among the different species of Antaganides n. gen. and Pseudaganides Spath, 1927." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13884447" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13884447/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="474">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
). The individuals of both genera are relatively compressed, W/H varies between 0.7 and 1, sometimes a little less (
<figureCitation id="1318F2C4FF97FFF705DEA610FDDBF852" box="[490,557,1905,1931]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="9.[300,311,1620,1637]" captionTargetBox="[139,1448,957,1577]" captionTargetId="graphics-770@9.[139,1448,957,1577]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIG. 8. — Ratio “W/H” of the shell among the different species of Antaganides n. gen. and Pseudaganides Spath, 1927." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13884451" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13884451/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="474">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
). The main difference consists in the shape of the septal suture lines which is particularly folded on the whole shell of
<taxonomicName id="4C2395C2FF97FFF70644A6D0FCFEF812" authorityName="Spath" authorityYear="1927" box="[624,776,1969,1995]" class="Cephalopoda" family="Pseudonautilidae" genus="Pseudaganides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nautilida" pageId="5" pageNumber="474" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9573253FF97FFF70644A6D0FCFEF812" box="[624,776,1969,1995]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="474">Pseudaganides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="1318F2C4FF97FFF704BAA6B0FF26F832" box="[142,208,2001,2027]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="7.[132,143,1019,1036]" captionTargetBox="[226,1361,215,976]" captionTargetId="figure-370@7.[227,1361,215,975]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIG. 4. — Suture lines of Antaganides n. gen. and Pseudaganides Spath, 1927: A, Antaganides cf. erycinus (Tagliarini,1901), n. comb., 2023.PB.N117; B, Antaganides sauvageti n. gen., n. sp. 2023.PB.N64; C, Antaganides fournieri n. gen., n. sp., 2023.PB.N105; D, Pseudaganides aquitanense n. sp., 2023.PB.N96; E, Pseudaganides buffeventin. sp.,2023.PB.N76; F, Pseudaganides crechensisn. sp., 2023.PB.N107; G, Pseudaganides subbiangulatus (d’Orbigny,1850),2023. PB.N73, Patina Zone; H, Pseudaganides subbiangulatus, 2023.PB.N112, Anceps Zone." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13884439" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13884439/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="474">Figs 4</figureCitation>
;
<figureCitation id="1318F2C4FF97FFF704EBA6B0FF1BF832" box="[223,237,2001,2027]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="10.[132,143,877,894]" captionTargetBox="[138,1449,215,835]" captionTargetId="graphics-226@10.[138,1449,215,835]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIG. 9. — Ratio “P/L” of the depth of the width of the lateral lobe compared with its width among the different species of Antaganides n. gen. and Pseudaganides Spath, 1927." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13884453" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13884453/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="474">9</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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cf.
<emphasis id="B9573253FF97FFF707CAA377FBA0FDE9" bold="true" box="[1022,1110,534,560]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="474">erycinus</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFB293B0FF97FFF70050A377FAE0FDE9" author="TAGLIARINI F. P." box="[1124,1302,534,560]" pageId="5" pageNumber="474" pagination="186 - 203" refId="ref15997" refString="TAGLIARINI F. P. 1901. - Monografia sui Nautili del Dogger inferior di Monte San Giuliano (Erice). Giornale di Scienze Naturale ed Econonomiche di Palermo 23 (1): 186 - 203, 6 pls." type="journal article" year="1901">Tagliarini, 1901</bibRefCitation>
)
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,
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</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C339BDCAFF97FFF707C0A357FB1EFD89" box="[1012,1256,566,592]" pageId="5" pageNumber="474" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B9CEE41FF97FFF707C0A357FB1EFD89" blockId="5.[849,1419,534,592]" box="[1012,1256,566,592]" pageId="5" pageNumber="474">(Figs 3A1-A3; 13A, B)</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C339BDCAFF97FFF70719A311FA59FD32" pageId="5" pageNumber="474" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8B9CEE41FF97FFF70719A311FAC7FD51" blockId="5.[813,1329,624,649]" box="[813,1329,624,649]" pageId="5" pageNumber="474">
<taxonomicName id="4C2395C2FF97FFF70719A311FB82FD50" authority="Tagliarini, 1901" authorityName="Tagliarini" authorityYear="1901" box="[813,1140,624,649]" class="Cephalopoda" family="Nautilidae" genus="Nautilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nautilida" pageId="5" pageNumber="474" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="erycinus">
<emphasis id="B9573253FF97FFF70719A311FC38FD51" box="[813,974,624,648]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="474">Nautilus erycinus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFB293B0FF97FFF707E0A311FB82FD50" author="TAGLIARINI F. P." box="[980,1140,624,649]" pageId="5" pageNumber="474" pagination="186 - 203" refId="ref15997" refString="TAGLIARINI F. P. 1901. - Monografia sui Nautili del Dogger inferior di Monte San Giuliano (Erice). Giornale di Scienze Naturale ed Econonomiche di Palermo 23 (1): 186 - 203, 6 pls." type="journal article" year="1901">Tagliarini, 1901</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
: tav. V, pl. 2-3-4-5.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9CEE41FF97FFF70719A3C3FA6BFD63" blockId="5.[813,1437,674,698]" box="[813,1437,674,698]" pageId="5" pageNumber="474">
?
<taxonomicName id="4C2395C2FF97FFF70701A3C3FC32FD63" box="[821,964,674,698]" class="Cephalopoda" family="Nautilidae" genus="Cenoceras" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nautilida" pageId="5" pageNumber="474" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="undefined-1">
<emphasis id="B9573253FF97FFF70701A3C3FC66FD60" box="[821,912,674,697]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="474">Cenoceras</emphasis>
sp. 1
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="4C2395C2FF97FFF707FEA3C3FB9FFD63" baseAuthorityName="Crick" baseAuthorityYear="1898" box="[970,1129,674,698]" class="Cephalopoda" family="Nautilidae" genus="Cenoceras" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" isUncertain="true" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nautilida" pageId="5" pageNumber="474" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="bradfordensis">
aff.
<emphasis id="B9573253FF97FFF707DBA3C3FB9FFD63" box="[1007,1129,674,698]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="474">bradfordensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
–
<bibRefCitation id="EFB293B0FF97FFF700B7A3C3FB0DFD63" author="CHIRAT R." box="[1155,1275,674,698]" pageId="5" pageNumber="474" refId="ref14629" refString="CHIRAT R. 1997. - Les Nautilida post-triasiques. Paleobiologie, paleoecologie, paleobiogeographie et systematique a la lumiere des donnees recemment acquises sur Nautilus. MC thesis, Universite de Caen, 322 p." type="book" year="1997">Chirat 1997</bibRefCitation>
: pl. 6, fig. 4a, b.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9CEE41FF97FFF70719A3B2FA59FD32" blockId="5.[813,1455,723,747]" box="[813,1455,723,747]" pageId="5" pageNumber="474">
?
<taxonomicName id="4C2395C2FF97FFF70700A3B2FBD3FD32" baseAuthorityName="Crick" baseAuthorityYear="1898" box="[820,1061,723,747]" class="Cephalopoda" family="Nautilidae" genus="Cenoceras" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" isUncertain="true" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nautilida" pageId="5" pageNumber="474" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="bradfordensis">
<emphasis id="B9573253FF97FFF70700A3B2FC7DFD33" box="[820,907,723,746]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="474">Cenoceras</emphasis>
aff.
<emphasis id="B9573253FF97FFF70785A3B2FBD3FD32" box="[945,1061,723,747]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="474">bradfordensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
–
<bibRefCitation id="EFB293B0FF97FFF70003A3B2FB5FFD32" author="CHIRAT R." box="[1079,1193,723,747]" pageId="5" pageNumber="474" refId="ref14629" refString="CHIRAT R. 1997. - Les Nautilida post-triasiques. Paleobiologie, paleoecologie, paleobiogeographie et systematique a la lumiere des donnees recemment acquises sur Nautilus. MC thesis, Universite de Caen, 322 p." type="book" year="1997">Chirat 1997</bibRefCitation>
:pl. 14, figs 4-5, pl. 15, fig. 1.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C339BDCAFF97FFF70719A265FB9CFBC5" pageId="5" pageNumber="474" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8B9CEE41FF97FFF70719A265FB2AFC62" blockId="5.[811,1456,772,955]" pageId="5" pageNumber="474">
<smallCapsWord id="8D7A789DFF97FFF70719A265FC67FCC3" baselines="789,790" box="[813,913,772,795]" lowerCaseFontSize="7" mainFontSize="10" normCase="title" normString="Material" pageId="5" pageNumber="474">
<collectionCode id="ED327684FF97FFF70719A265FC67FCC3" box="[813,913,772,795]" pageId="5" pageNumber="474">MATERIAL</collectionCode>
</smallCapsWord>
<smallCapsWord id="8D7A789DFF97FFF707ADA268FC0BFCC3" baselines="790" box="[921,1021,777,794]" lowerCaseFontSize="7" mainFontSize="10" normCase="lower" normString="examined" pageId="5" pageNumber="474">
<collectionCode id="ED327684FF97FFF707ADA268FC0BFCC3" box="[921,1021,777,794]" pageId="5" pageNumber="474">EXAMINED</collectionCode>
</smallCapsWord>
. —
<materialsCitation id="3B4BE41CFF97FFF7001AA265FA59FCB4" collectionCode="MATERIAL, EXAMINED" country="France" latitude="46.42361" location="France" longitude="-0.45777777" pageId="5" pageNumber="474" specimenCount="2">
<emphasis id="B9573253FF97FFF7001AA265FB86FCC5" bold="true" box="[1070,1136,772,796]" pageId="5" pageNumber="474">
<collectingCountry id="F334AED1FF97FFF7001AA265FB86FCC5" box="[1070,1136,772,796]" name="France" pageId="5" pageNumber="474">France</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
•
<specimenCount id="9D2525C8FF97FFF700BCA265FAF5FCC5" box="[1160,1283,772,796]" count="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="474" type="generic">2 specimens</specimenCount>
; Nouvelle-Aquitaine, Parthenay, Sainte-Ouenne,
<location id="8EFCB89AFF97FFF7005AA27FFAE8FCE3" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038A5F57FF97FFF70765A379FC28F832:8EFCB89AFF97FFF7005AA27FFAE8FCE3" box="[1134,1310,798,826]" country="France" name="Viaduc de l'Egray" pageId="5" pageNumber="474">Viaduc de l’Égray</location>
; [
<geoCoordinate id="EE178886FF97FFF70105A27FFA5DFCEF" box="[1329,1451,798,822]" degrees="46" direction="north" minutes="25" orientation="latitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="474" precision="15" seconds="25" value="46.42361">46°25’25”N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE178886FF97FFF70719A258FC61FC88" box="[813,919,825,849]" degrees="0" direction="west" minutes="27" orientation="longitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="474" precision="15" seconds="28" value="-0.45777777">0°27’28”W</geoCoordinate>
];
<emphasis id="B9573253FF97FFF7079DA258FC0AFC89" box="[937,1020,825,848]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="474">Niortense</emphasis>
Zone; level 32;
<location id="8EFCB89AFF97FFF700BEA258FAEDFC88" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038A5F57FF97FFF70765A379FC28F832:8EFCB89AFF97FFF700BEA258FAEDFC88" box="[1162,1307,825,849]" country="France" name="Upper Bajocian" pageId="5" pageNumber="474">Upper Bajocian</location>
; Patrick Branger leg.;
<collectionCode id="ED327684FF97FFF7076AA232FC5BFCB2" box="[862,941,851,875]" pageId="5" pageNumber="474">MBAN</collectionCode>
;
<emphasis id="B9573253FF97FFF7078AA232FBAFFCB2" box="[958,1113,851,875]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="474">2023.PB.N117</emphasis>
(Fig. 3A1-A3),
<emphasis id="B9573253FF97FFF70135A232FA6BFCB2" box="[1281,1437,851,875]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="474">2023.PB.N130</emphasis>
•
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="3B4BE41CFF97FFF70719A20FFB2AFC62" collectionCode="MBAN" country="France" latitude="46.306942" location="Viaduc de l'Egray" longitude="-0.46166664" pageId="5" pageNumber="474" specimenCount="1">
<specimenCount id="9D2525C8FF97FFF70719A20FFC56FC5F" box="[813,928,878,902]" count="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="474" type="generic">2 specimens</specimenCount>
; Nouvelle-Aquitaine, Niort; [
<geoCoordinate id="EE178886FF97FFF70081A20FFADAFC5F" box="[1205,1324,878,902]" degrees="46" direction="north" minutes="18" orientation="latitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="474" precision="15" seconds="25" value="46.306942">46°18’25”N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE178886FF97FFF70100A20FFA57FC5F" box="[1332,1441,878,902]" degrees="0" direction="west" minutes="27" orientation="longitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="474" precision="15" seconds="42" value="-0.46166664">0°27’42”W</geoCoordinate>
];
<emphasis id="B9573253FF97FFF70719A2E8FC75FC79" box="[813,899,905,928]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="474">Niortense</emphasis>
Zone;
<location id="8EFCB89AFF97FFF707F0A2E8FBADFC79" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038A5F57FF97FFF70765A379FC28F832:8EFCB89AFF97FFF707F0A2E8FBADFC79" box="[964,1115,904,928]" country="France" name="Upper Bajocian" pageId="5" pageNumber="474">Upper Bajocian</location>
; Patrick Branger leg.;
<collectionCode id="ED327684FF97FFF70110A2E9FA99FC79" box="[1316,1391,904,928]" pageId="5" pageNumber="474">MBAN</collectionCode>
;
<emphasis id="B9573253FF97FFF70142A2E9FC7EFC62" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="474">2023. PB.N129</emphasis>
and
<emphasis id="B9573253FF97FFF7078DA2C2FBB8FC62" box="[953,1102,931,955]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="474">2023.PB.N148</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="1318F2C4FF97FFF70069A2C2FB26FC62" box="[1117,1232,931,955]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="17.[132,142,1917,1934]" captionTargetBox="[223,1365,215,1878]" captionTargetId="figure-19@17.[792,1366,768,1324]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIG. 13. — A, Antaganides cf. erycinus (Tagliarini, 1901), n. comb., specimen 2023.PB.N129, with its preserved muscle scar, Niort, Upper Bajocian, Niortense Zone; B, Antaganides cf.erycinus (Tagliarini,1901),n.comb.,specimen 2023.PB.N148, with its siphuncle,viaduc de l’Égray,Upper Bajocian,Niortense Zone;C, Pseudaganides crechensis n. sp.,specimen 2023.PB.N143, newly hatched shell showing its reticulate ornamentation on the phragmocon;D1-D3, Pseudaganides subbiangulatus (d’Orbigny,1850),specimen 2023.PB.N110, full grown shell with itswell preserved aperture,Bougon,Lower Callovian,Gracilis Zone,Patina Subzone,Boginense Horizon; E1-E3, Pseudaganides subbiangulatus, specimen 2023.PB.N112, Niort,Middle Callovian,Anceps Zone,Stuebeli Subzone.*, end of the phragmocone.Scale bars:1 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13884463" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13884463/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="474">Fig. 13A, B</figureCitation>
).
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9CEE41FF97FFF70719A2B5FA47FC35" blockId="5.[813,1457,980,1004]" box="[813,1457,980,1004]" pageId="5" pageNumber="474">
<smallCapsWord id="8D7A789DFF97FFF70719A2B5FC5BFC33" baselines="998,998" box="[813,941,980,1004]" lowerCaseFontSize="7" mainFontSize="10" normCase="title" normString="Occurrence" pageId="5" pageNumber="474">OCCURRENCE</smallCapsWord>
. — Upper Bajocian,
<emphasis id="B9573253FF97FFF7005DA2B5FB4AFC32" box="[1129,1212,980,1003]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="474">Niortense</emphasis>
Zone,
<emphasis id="B9573253FF97FFF700CEA2B5FAA3FC35" box="[1274,1365,980,1004]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="474">Polygyralis</emphasis>
Subzone.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9CEE41FF97FFF7071EA564FB9CFBC5" blockId="5.[810,1130,1029,1053]" box="[810,1130,1029,1053]" pageId="5" pageNumber="474">
M EASUREMENTS.
<emphasis id="B9573253FF97FFF707E3A567FC06FBC4" box="[983,1008,1030,1053]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="474">—</emphasis>
See
<tableCitation id="C6A1DBFAFF97FFF70028A564FB9CFBC5" box="[1052,1130,1029,1053]" captionStart="TABLE" captionStartId="5.[813,824,219,236]" captionTargetBox="[130,776,211,631]" captionTargetId="figure-777@5.[154,775,194,647]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="TABLE 1. — Measurements (D,H, W,U, P,L, in mm) for Antaganides cf.erycinus (Tagliarini, 1901), n. comb." pageId="5" pageNumber="474">Table 1.</tableCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C339BDCAFF97FFF70719A534FB89F955" pageId="5" pageNumber="474" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B9CEE41FF97FFF70719A534FC4BFBB4" blockId="5.[812,1457,1109,1677]" box="[813,957,1109,1135]" pageId="5" pageNumber="474">
<smallCapsWord id="8D7A789DFF97FFF70719A534FC4BFBB4" baselines="1128,1128" box="[813,957,1109,1135]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="11" normCase="title" normString="Description" pageId="5" pageNumber="474">DESCRIPTION</smallCapsWord>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9CEE41FF97FFF70719A515FB89F955" blockId="5.[812,1457,1109,1677]" pageId="5" pageNumber="474">
Small sized nautilus, maximum diameter
<quantity id="4CDB43A4FF97FFF70116A515FA8DFB56" box="[1314,1403,1140,1167]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" pageId="5" pageNumber="474" unit="mm" value="55.0">55 mm</quantity>
, the diameters of specimens
<emphasis id="B9573253FF97FFF70078A5F5FB0BFB77" box="[1100,1277,1172,1198]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="474">2023.PB.N117</emphasis>
(Fig. 3A1-A3) and
<emphasis id="B9573253FF97FFF7076AA5D5FBF1FB17" box="[862,1031,1204,1230]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="474">2023.PB.N130</emphasis>
are 52 and
<quantity id="4CDB43A4FF97FFF700A4A5D5FB14FB17" box="[1168,1250,1204,1231]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.4" pageId="5" pageNumber="474" unit="mm" value="54.0">54 mm</quantity>
respectively. Shell compressed on the last whorl with an oval section except on the body-chamber where the venter flattens. Height rapidly increasing. Juvenile whorls have a subrectangular section with flattened flanks except at the very end of the body-chamber where they are slightly inflated, boarding a closed umbilicus. The aperture is well preserved on
<emphasis id="B9573253FF97FFF7015BA412FC63FA74" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="474">2023. PB.N117</emphasis>
(Fig. 3A1-A3) and is similar to that of
<taxonomicName id="4C2395C2FF97FFF7016AA4F2FC8DFA14" authorityName="Spath" authorityYear="1927" class="Cephalopoda" family="Pseudonautilidae" genus="Pseudaganides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nautilida" pageId="5" pageNumber="474" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9573253FF97FFF7016AA4F2FC8DFA14" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="474">Pseudaganides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Suture line (
<figureCitation id="1318F2C4FF97FFF70022A4D2FB92FA14" box="[1046,1124,1459,1485]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="7.[132,143,1019,1036]" captionTargetBox="[226,1361,215,976]" captionTargetId="figure-370@7.[227,1361,215,975]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIG. 4. — Suture lines of Antaganides n. gen. and Pseudaganides Spath, 1927: A, Antaganides cf. erycinus (Tagliarini,1901), n. comb., 2023.PB.N117; B, Antaganides sauvageti n. gen., n. sp. 2023.PB.N64; C, Antaganides fournieri n. gen., n. sp., 2023.PB.N105; D, Pseudaganides aquitanense n. sp., 2023.PB.N96; E, Pseudaganides buffeventin. sp.,2023.PB.N76; F, Pseudaganides crechensisn. sp., 2023.PB.N107; G, Pseudaganides subbiangulatus (d’Orbigny,1850),2023. PB.N73, Patina Zone; H, Pseudaganides subbiangulatus, 2023.PB.N112, Anceps Zone." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13884439" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13884439/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="474">Fig.4A</figureCitation>
) has wide shallow lateral and ventral lobes. The siphuncle is small in diameter, located on the ventral half of the septa, at about one third of the median height of the whorl. On
<emphasis id="B9573253FF97FFF70096A772FABCF9F4" box="[1186,1354,1555,1581]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="474">2023.PB.N129</emphasis>
, the two last septa of the phragmocone are approximated, indicating an adult stage. This specimen has also kept the muscle scar on its left side (
<figureCitation id="1318F2C4FF97FFF70039A713FB84F955" box="[1037,1138,1650,1676]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="17.[132,142,1917,1934]" captionTargetBox="[223,1365,215,1878]" captionTargetId="figure-19@17.[792,1366,768,1324]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIG. 13. — A, Antaganides cf. erycinus (Tagliarini, 1901), n. comb., specimen 2023.PB.N129, with its preserved muscle scar, Niort, Upper Bajocian, Niortense Zone; B, Antaganides cf.erycinus (Tagliarini,1901),n.comb.,specimen 2023.PB.N148, with its siphuncle,viaduc de l’Égray,Upper Bajocian,Niortense Zone;C, Pseudaganides crechensis n. sp.,specimen 2023.PB.N143, newly hatched shell showing its reticulate ornamentation on the phragmocon;D1-D3, Pseudaganides subbiangulatus (d’Orbigny,1850),specimen 2023.PB.N110, full grown shell with itswell preserved aperture,Bougon,Lower Callovian,Gracilis Zone,Patina Subzone,Boginense Horizon; E1-E3, Pseudaganides subbiangulatus, specimen 2023.PB.N112, Niort,Middle Callovian,Anceps Zone,Stuebeli Subzone.*, end of the phragmocone.Scale bars:1 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13884463" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13884463/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="474">Fig. 13A</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C339BDCAFF97FFF70719A7D2FC28F832" pageId="5" pageNumber="474" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8B9CEE41FF97FFF70719A7D2FC67F912" blockId="5.[811,1456,1715,2028]" box="[813,913,1715,1741]" pageId="5" pageNumber="474">
<smallCapsWord id="8D7A789DFF97FFF70719A7D2FC67F912" baselines="1734,1734" box="[813,913,1715,1741]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="11" normCase="title" normString="Remarks" pageId="5" pageNumber="474">REMARKS</smallCapsWord>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9CEE41FF97FFF70719A7B3FC28F832" blockId="5.[811,1456,1715,2028]" pageId="5" pageNumber="474">
The cited specimens are similar to the examples published under the name
<taxonomicName id="4C2395C2FF97FFF707ECA793FAA1F8D5" authority="(Crick, 1898)" baseAuthorityName="Crick" baseAuthorityYear="1898" box="[984,1367,1778,1804]" class="Cephalopoda" family="Nautilidae" genus="Nautilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nautilida" pageId="5" pageNumber="474" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="bradfordensis">
<emphasis id="B9573253FF97FFF707ECA793FB49F8D5" box="[984,1215,1778,1804]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="474">Nautilus bradfordensis</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFB293B0FF97FFF700FFA793FAB9F8D5" author="CRICK G. C." box="[1227,1359,1778,1804]" pageId="5" pageNumber="474" pagination="117 - 139" refId="ref14766" refString="CRICK G. C. 1898. - Description of new or imperfectly known species of Nautilus from the Inferior Oolite, preserved in the British Museum (Natural History). Proceedings of the Malacological Society of London 3: 117 - 139. https: // archive. org / details / biostor- 193383" type="journal article" year="1898">Crick, 1898</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
by
<bibRefCitation id="EFB293B0FF97FFF7014FA793FC6BF8F5" author="CHIRAT R." pageId="5" pageNumber="474" refId="ref14629" refString="CHIRAT R. 1997. - Les Nautilida post-triasiques. Paleobiologie, paleoecologie, paleobiogeographie et systematique a la lumiere des donnees recemment acquises sur Nautilus. MC thesis, Universite de Caen, 322 p." type="book" year="1997">Chirat (1997)</bibRefCitation>
from the
<taxonomicName id="4C2395C2FF97FFF70024A673FB7CF8F5" box="[1040,1162,1810,1836]" class="Cephalopoda" family="Parkinsoniidae" genus="Garantiana" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="5" pageNumber="474" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9573253FF97FFF70024A673FB7CF8F5" box="[1040,1162,1810,1836]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="474">Garantiana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<emphasis id="B9573253FF97FFF700F7A673FAC4F8F5" box="[1219,1330,1810,1836]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="474">Parkinsoni</emphasis>
Zones that also belong to Upper Bajocian. The
<typeStatus id="549850E3FF97FFF70082A653FB12F895" box="[1206,1252,1842,1868]" pageId="5" pageNumber="474">type</typeStatus>
specimen of
<taxonomicName id="4C2395C2FF97FFF70140A653FC27F8B2" authorityName="Branger" authorityYear="2024" baseAuthorityName="Tagliarini" baseAuthorityYear="1901" class="Cephalopoda" family="Pseudonautilidae" genus="Antaganides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nautilida" pageId="5" pageNumber="474" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="erycinus" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9573253FF97FFF70140A653FC27F8B2" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="474">Antaganides erycinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2648F28FF97FFF707ECA633FBCEF8B2" box="[984,1080,1873,1900]" pageId="5" pageNumber="474" rank="species">n. comb.</taxonomicNameLabel>
is a little older and occured within the dark grey limestone formation (calcare grigio scuro) near Erice, Western Sicily, whose age is Lower Dogger according to
<bibRefCitation id="EFB293B0FF97FFF7077FA6D0FBFEF812" author="TAGLIARINI F. P." box="[843,1032,1969,1995]" pageId="5" pageNumber="474" pagination="186 - 203" refId="ref15997" refString="TAGLIARINI F. P. 1901. - Monografia sui Nautili del Dogger inferior di Monte San Giuliano (Erice). Giornale di Scienze Naturale ed Econonomiche di Palermo 23 (1): 186 - 203, 6 pls." type="journal article" year="1901">Tagliarini (1901)</bibRefCitation>
, equating to the Upper Aalenian and Lower Bajocian.
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cf.
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, pl. II, fig. 2-2a.
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. — Small sized nautilus, maximum diameter
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, shell rather compressed on the last whorl with an oval section except on the body-chamber where the venter flattens. Umbilicus closed. Suture lines with a wide and shallow lateral lobe.
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ETYMOLOGY.
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—
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is dedicated to Wolfgang Grulke, Sherborne,
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, who made a worldwide promotion for nautiloids studies through his magnificent book “
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<taxonomicName id="4C2395C2FF99FFF904BBA757FF15F997" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[143,227,1590,1614]" class="Cephalopoda" family="Nautilidae" genus="Nautilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nautilida" pageId="11" pageNumber="480" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Nautilus</taxonomicName>
, the Beautiful Survivor
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” (
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). Doing this work, he gave us the opportunity to meet or to discuss with most of the specialists of the world.
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•
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Zone,
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leg.;
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(Fig. 11A, B).
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•
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(complete, body-chambers poorly preserved); Nouvelle-Aquitaine, La Crèche, Champs-Albert; [
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,
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]; base of the
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Zone;
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; Patrick Branger leg.;
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;
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.
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</paragraph>
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. —
<taxonomicName id="4C2395C2FF99FFF9008EA320FA91FD80" authorityName="Branger" authorityYear="2024" box="[1210,1383,577,601]" class="Cephalopoda" family="Pseudonautilidae" genus="Antaganides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nautilida" pageId="11" pageNumber="480" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="grulkei" status="n. gen., n. sp.">
<emphasis id="B9573253FF99FFF9008EA320FA91FD80" box="[1210,1383,577,601]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="480">Antaganides grulkei</emphasis>
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has been mostly encountered within the Middle Bathonian of the Submediterranean Realm where it appears at the base of the
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Zone,
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Subzone. The
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has been found there, in les Hauts-de-Rochefort quarry. It persists until the Upper Bathonian, at the base of the
<emphasis id="B9573253FF99FFF9000FA3A7FB4AFD04" box="[1083,1212,710,733]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="480">Retrocostatum</emphasis>
Zone where the youngest specimens have been found. In
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, the nautilus figured as
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<emphasis id="B9573253FF99FFF9071AA39BFC88FCCB" box="[814,894,762,786]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="480">Nautilus</emphasis>
cf.
<emphasis id="B9573253FF99FFF907A8A39BFC27FCCB" box="[924,977,762,786]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="480">fuscus</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFB293B0FF99FFF907E8A39BFBA6FCCB" author="CRICK G. C." box="[988,1104,762,786]" pageId="11" pageNumber="480" pagination="117 - 139" refId="ref14766" refString="CRICK G. C. 1898. - Description of new or imperfectly known species of Nautilus from the Inferior Oolite, preserved in the British Museum (Natural History). Proceedings of the Malacological Society of London 3: 117 - 139. https: // archive. org / details / biostor- 193383" type="journal article" year="1898">Crick, 1898</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
byLissajous (1923) also comes from the upper part of the Middle Bathonian, “
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Zone” (that corresponds to
<emphasis id="B9573253FF99FFF907F5A251FBF1FC9E" box="[961,1031,816,839]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="480">Morrisi</emphasis>
and
<emphasis id="B9573253FF99FFF9000CA251FB74FC9E" box="[1080,1154,816,839]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="480">Bremeri</emphasis>
Zones [
<bibRefCitation id="EFB293B0FF99FFF900E7A24EFA6FFC9E" author="MANGOLD C. &amp; MARTIN A. &amp; PRIEUR A." box="[1235,1433,815,839]" pageId="11" pageNumber="480" pagination="1 - 155" refId="ref15590" refString="MANGOLD C., MARTIN A. &amp; PRIEUR A. 2012. - Les Perisphinctidae du Bathonien moyen et superieur du Maconnais (Saone-et- Loire, France). Travaux et Documents des Laboratoires de Geologie de Lyon 169: 1 - 155." type="journal article" year="2012">
Mangold
<emphasis id="B9573253FF99FFF90106A251FA97FC9E" box="[1330,1377,815,839]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="480">et al.</emphasis>
2012
</bibRefCitation>
]).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C339BDCAFF99FFF90719A201FBF4FAF6" pageId="11" pageNumber="480" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B9CEE41FF99FFF90719A201FB9CFCAE" blockId="11.[813,1130,863,887]" box="[813,1130,863,887]" pageId="11" pageNumber="480">
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.
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See
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</paragraph>
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9CEE41FF99FFF90719A2D7FBF4FAF6" blockId="11.[811,1456,918,1328]" pageId="11" pageNumber="480">
The
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(
<emphasis id="B9573253FF99FFF907FDA2D7FBA9FC09" box="[969,1119,950,976]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="480">2023.PB.N97</emphasis>
; Fig. 11A, B) and the specimen
<emphasis id="B9573253FF99FFF9071FA2B7FC39FC29" box="[811,975,982,1008]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="480">2023.PB.N133</emphasis>
are rather well preserved samples. They only reach a small size, a little more than
<quantity id="4CDB43A4FF99FFF9009BA297FB1EFBC8" box="[1199,1256,1014,1041]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="11" pageNumber="480" unit="cm" value="6.0">6 cm</quantity>
, at the adult stage.
<emphasis id="B9573253FF99FFF90718A577FC38FBE9" box="[812,974,1046,1072]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="480">2023.PB.N134</emphasis>
is a young one with a diameter of
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, The shell is always compressed with dorsal sides slightly rounded showing a maximum width at about two third height. Then, the lateral-ventral sides flatten and converge. The ventral part, rounded on the inner whorls, flattens on the body-chamber, boarded by angular but not sharp shoulders. The umbilicus is very small, funnel-shaped. The lateral lobe of the suture line (
<figureCitation id="1318F2C4FF99FFF90702A594FC7BFAC9" box="[822,909,1269,1296]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="7.[132,143,1019,1036]" captionTargetBox="[226,1361,215,976]" captionTargetId="figure-370@7.[227,1361,215,975]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIG. 4. — Suture lines of Antaganides n. gen. and Pseudaganides Spath, 1927: A, Antaganides cf. erycinus (Tagliarini,1901), n. comb., 2023.PB.N117; B, Antaganides sauvageti n. gen., n. sp. 2023.PB.N64; C, Antaganides fournieri n. gen., n. sp., 2023.PB.N105; D, Pseudaganides aquitanense n. sp., 2023.PB.N96; E, Pseudaganides buffeventin. sp.,2023.PB.N76; F, Pseudaganides crechensisn. sp., 2023.PB.N107; G, Pseudaganides subbiangulatus (d’Orbigny,1850),2023. PB.N73, Patina Zone; H, Pseudaganides subbiangulatus, 2023.PB.N112, Anceps Zone." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13884439" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13884439/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="480">Figs 4D</figureCitation>
;
<figureCitation id="1318F2C4FF99FFF907ACA594FC50FAD6" box="[920,934,1269,1295]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="10.[132,143,877,894]" captionTargetBox="[138,1449,215,835]" captionTargetId="graphics-226@10.[138,1449,215,835]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIG. 9. — Ratio “P/L” of the depth of the width of the lateral lobe compared with its width among the different species of Antaganides n. gen. and Pseudaganides Spath, 1927." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13884453" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13884453/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="480">9</figureCitation>
) is well marked (P/L &lt;30%) whereas the ventral lobe is very shallow.
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C339BDCAFF99FFF90719A437FBA6F9A9" pageId="11" pageNumber="480" type="discussion">
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<taxonomicName id="4C2395C2FF99FFF90719A417FC01FA49" authorityName="Branger" authorityYear="2024" box="[813,1015,1398,1424]" class="Cephalopoda" family="Pseudonautilidae" genus="Antaganides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nautilida" pageId="11" pageNumber="480" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="grulkei" status="n. gen., n. sp.">
<emphasis id="B9573253FF99FFF90719A417FC01FA49" box="[813,1015,1398,1424]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="480">Antaganides grulkei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2648F28FF99FFF907CFA417FB7CFA49" box="[1019,1162,1398,1424]" pageId="11" pageNumber="480" rank="species">n. gen., n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
is a very close species to the contemporary
<taxonomicName id="4C2395C2FF99FFF907F3A4F7FB54FA69" authorityName="Branger" authorityYear="2024" box="[967,1186,1430,1456]" class="Cephalopoda" family="Pseudonautilidae" genus="Antaganides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nautilida" pageId="11" pageNumber="480" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="fournieri" status="n. gen., n. sp.">
<emphasis id="B9573253FF99FFF907F3A4F7FB54FA69" box="[967,1186,1430,1456]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="480">Antaganides fournieri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2648F28FF99FFF90090A4F7FAC7FA69" box="[1188,1329,1430,1456]" pageId="11" pageNumber="480" rank="species">n. gen., n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, comparing size and shape of the shell. In comparison, the umbilicus is funnel-like in one case and deep and boarded by subvertical sides for the other. The lateral lobe of the suture line also shows differences, especially close to the umbilicus where the suture line is more retrosiphonate in
<taxonomicName id="4C2395C2FF99FFF9005EA757FB14F996" authorityName="Branger" authorityYear="2024" box="[1130,1250,1589,1616]" class="Cephalopoda" family="Pseudonautilidae" genus="Antaganides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nautilida" pageId="11" pageNumber="480" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="fournieri" status="n. gen., n. sp.">
<emphasis id="B9573253FF99FFF9005EA757FB14F996" box="[1130,1250,1589,1616]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="480">A. fournieri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2648F28FF99FFF900DDA757FA8FF989" box="[1257,1401,1590,1616]" pageId="11" pageNumber="480" rank="species">n. gen., n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
than on
<taxonomicName id="4C2395C2FF99FFF90764A734FC40F9B6" authorityName="Branger" authorityYear="2024" box="[848,950,1621,1647]" class="Cephalopoda" family="Pseudonautilidae" genus="Antaganides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nautilida" pageId="11" pageNumber="480" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="grulkei" status="n. gen., n. sp.">
<emphasis id="B9573253FF99FFF90764A734FC40F9B6" box="[848,950,1621,1647]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="480">A. grulkei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2648F28FF99FFF90789A737FBA6F9A9" box="[957,1104,1622,1648]" pageId="11" pageNumber="480" rank="species">n. gen., n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C339BDCAFF99FFF9078DA7D4FAD5F916" box="[953,1315,1717,1743]" pageId="11" pageNumber="480" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8B9CEE41FF99FFF9078DA7D4FAD5F916" blockId="11.[953,1315,1717,1743]" box="[953,1315,1717,1743]" pageId="11" pageNumber="480">
<heading id="D0D4592DFF99FFF9078DA7D4FAD5F916" box="[953,1315,1717,1743]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="11" pageNumber="480" reason="2">
Genus
<taxonomicName id="4C2395C2FF99FFF90032A7D4FAD5F916" authority="Spath, 1927" authorityName="Spath" authorityYear="1927" box="[1030,1315,1717,1743]" class="Cephalopoda" family="Pseudonautilidae" genus="Pseudaganides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nautilida" pageId="11" pageNumber="480" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9573253FF99FFF90032A7D4FB6EF916" box="[1030,1176,1717,1743]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="480">Pseudaganides</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFB293B0FF99FFF900ABA7D4FAD5F916" author="SPATH L. F." box="[1183,1315,1717,1743]" pageId="11" pageNumber="480" pagination="1 - 71" refId="ref15955" refString="SPATH L. F. 1927. - Revision of the Jurassic cephalopod fauna of Kachh (Cutch). Memoirs of the Geological Survey of India, Paleontologia Indica, New Series 9 (2): 1 - 71." type="journal article" year="1927">Spath, 1927</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C339BDCAFF99FFF90719A78EFB8BF8DE" box="[813,1149,1775,1799]" pageId="11" pageNumber="480" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8B9CEE41FF99FFF90719A78EFB8BF8DE" blockId="11.[813,1149,1775,1799]" box="[813,1149,1775,1799]" pageId="11" pageNumber="480">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB33C96FFF99FFF90719A78EFB8BF8DE" box="[813,1149,1775,1799]" pageId="11" pageNumber="480">
<treatmentCitation id="0A82C850FF99FFF90719A78EFB8FF8DE" author="SPATH L. F." box="[813,1145,1775,1799]" page="25" pageId="11" pageNumber="480" year="1927">
<taxonomicName id="4C2395C2FF99FFF90719A78EFB8FF8DE" authority="Spath, 1927: 22 - 25" authorityName="Spath" authorityPageNumber="22 - 25" authorityYear="1927" box="[813,1145,1775,1799]" class="Cephalopoda" family="Pseudonautilidae" genus="Pseudaganides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nautilida" pageId="11" pageNumber="480" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9573253FF99FFF90719A78EFC44F8DE" box="[813,946,1775,1799]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="480">Pseudaganides</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFB293B0FF99FFF90783A78EFB8FF8DE" author="SPATH L. F." box="[951,1145,1775,1799]" pageId="11" pageNumber="480" pagination="1 - 71" refId="ref15955" refString="SPATH L. F. 1927. - Revision of the Jurassic cephalopod fauna of Kachh (Cutch). Memoirs of the Geological Survey of India, Paleontologia Indica, New Series 9 (2): 1 - 71." type="journal article" year="1927">Spath, 1927: 22-25</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C339BDCAFF99FFFF0719A67EFD98FC97" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="482" pageId="11" pageNumber="480" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8B9CEE41FF99FFF90719A67EFAFEF888" blockId="11.[813,1455,1823,1873]" pageId="11" pageNumber="480">
<smallCapsWord id="8D7A789DFF99FFF90719A67EFCA9F8EC" baselines="1840,1841" box="[813,863,1823,1846]" lowerCaseFontSize="7" mainFontSize="10" normCase="title" normString="Type" pageId="11" pageNumber="480">
<typeStatus id="549850E3FF99FFF90719A67EFCA9F8EC" box="[813,863,1823,1846]" pageId="11" pageNumber="480">
<collectionCode id="ED327684FF99FFF90719A67EFCA9F8EC" box="[813,863,1823,1846]" pageId="11" pageNumber="480">TYPE</collectionCode>
</typeStatus>
</smallCapsWord>
<smallCapsWord id="8D7A789DFF99FFF90753A645FC59F8EC" baselines="1841" box="[871,943,1828,1845]" lowerCaseFontSize="7" mainFontSize="10" normCase="lower" normString="species" pageId="11" pageNumber="480">
<collectionCode id="ED327684FF99FFF90753A645FC59F8EC" box="[871,943,1828,1845]" pageId="11" pageNumber="480">SPECIES</collectionCode>
</smallCapsWord>
. —
<taxonomicName id="4C2395C2FF99FFF907D4A67EFAC0F8EE" authority="Waagen, 1873" authorityName="Waagen" authorityYear="1873" box="[992,1334,1823,1847]" class="Cephalopoda" family="Nautilidae" genus="Nautilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nautilida" pageId="11" pageNumber="480" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="kutchensis">
<emphasis id="B9573253FF99FFF907D4A67EFB6DF8EE" box="[992,1179,1823,1847]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="480">Nautilus kutchensis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFB293B0FF99FFF90097A67EFAC0F8EE" author="WAAGEN W." box="[1187,1334,1823,1847]" pageId="11" pageNumber="480" pagination="1 - 22" refId="ref16394" refString="WAAGEN W. 1873. - Jurassic fauna of Kutch. The Cephalopoda. Memoirs of the Geological Survey of India, Paleontologia Indica. Ser. 1, pt. 1: 1 - 22, pls I-IV." type="book chapter" year="1873">Waagen, 1873</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, by original designation, from the Callovian of Kutch,
<collectingCountry id="F334AED1FF99FFF900F9A658FAF2F888" box="[1229,1284,1849,1873]" name="India" pageId="11" pageNumber="480">India</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9CEE41FF99FFFF0719A60BFD98FC97" blockId="11.[813,1456,1897,2027]" lastBlockId="13.[131,776,584,846]" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="482" pageId="11" pageNumber="480">
<smallCapsWord id="8D7A789DFF99FFF90719A60BFC4FF859" baselines="1916,1916" box="[813,953,1898,1922]" lowerCaseFontSize="7" mainFontSize="10" normCase="title" normString="Composition" pageId="11" pageNumber="480">
<collectionCode id="ED327684FF99FFF90719A60BFC4FF859" box="[813,953,1898,1922]" pageId="11" pageNumber="480">COMPOSITION</collectionCode>
</smallCapsWord>
<smallCapsWord id="8D7A789DFF99FFF9078BA60EFC2EF859" baselines="1916" box="[959,984,1903,1920]" lowerCaseFontSize="7" mainFontSize="10" normCase="lower" normString="of" pageId="11" pageNumber="480">
<collectionCode id="ED327684FF99FFF9078BA60EFC2EF859" box="[959,984,1903,1920]" pageId="11" pageNumber="480">OF</collectionCode>
</smallCapsWord>
<smallCapsWord id="8D7A789DFF99FFF907EBA60EFBF0F8A6" baselines="1915" box="[991,1030,1903,1919]" lowerCaseFontSize="7" mainFontSize="10" normCase="lower" normString="the" pageId="11" pageNumber="480">
<collectionCode id="ED327684FF99FFF907EBA60EFBF0F8A6" box="[991,1030,1903,1919]" pageId="11" pageNumber="480">THE</collectionCode>
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<smallCapsWord id="8D7A789DFF99FFF90038A60EFBBAF859" baselines="1916" box="[1036,1100,1903,1920]" lowerCaseFontSize="7" mainFontSize="10" normCase="lower" normString="genus" pageId="11" pageNumber="480">
<collectionCode id="ED327684FF99FFF90038A60EFBBAF859" box="[1036,1100,1903,1920]" pageId="11" pageNumber="480">GENUS</collectionCode>
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. — Six nominal species are assigned to this new genus within Bathonian and Callovian,
<taxonomicName id="4C2395C2FF99FFF9011FA6E5FC61F86F" authorityName="Branger" authorityYear="2024" class="Cephalopoda" family="Pseudonautilidae" genus="Pseudaganides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nautilida" pageId="11" pageNumber="480" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="aquitanense" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9573253FF99FFF9011FA6E5FC61F86F" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="480">Pseudaganides aquitanense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2648F28FF99FFF907AEA6FEFC3AF86F" box="[922,972,1951,1974]" pageId="11" pageNumber="480" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
from Upper Bathonian,
<emphasis id="B9573253FF99FFF9009FA6FEFADEF86F" box="[1195,1320,1951,1974]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="480">Retrocostatum</emphasis>
Zone,
<taxonomicName id="4C2395C2FF99FFF9015CA6FFFC24F808" authorityName="Branger" authorityYear="2024" class="Cephalopoda" family="Pseudonautilidae" genus="Pseudaganides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nautilida" pageId="11" pageNumber="480" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="buffeventi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9573253FF99FFF9015CA6FFFC24F808" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="480">Pseudaganides buffeventi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2648F28FF99FFF907E3A6D8FBFBF809" box="[983,1037,1977,2000]" pageId="11" pageNumber="480" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, Lower Callovian,
<emphasis id="B9573253FF99FFF9008BA6D8FAFAF808" box="[1215,1292,1977,2001]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="480">Bullatus</emphasis>
Zone,
<taxonomicName id="4C2395C2FF99FFF90164A6D8FC4FF832" authorityName="Branger" authorityYear="2024" class="Cephalopoda" family="Pseudonautilidae" genus="Pseudaganides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nautilida" pageId="11" pageNumber="480" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="crechensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9573253FF99FFF90164A6D8FC4FF832" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="480">Pseudaganides crechensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2648F28FF99FFF9078AA6B5FC02F832" box="[958,1012,2004,2027]" pageId="11" pageNumber="480" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, Lower Callovian,
<taxonomicName id="4C2395C2FF99FFFF0093A6B2FF2EFDB9" authority="Zone, Prahecquense Subzone" authorityName="Zone, Prahecquense Subzone" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cactaceae" genus="Gracilis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="482" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="11" pageNumber="480" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9573253FF99FFF90093A6B2FB19F832" box="[1191,1263,2003,2027]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="480">Gracilis</emphasis>
Zone,
<emphasis id="B9573253FF99FFF90107A6B2FA58F832" box="[1331,1454,2003,2027]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="480">Prahecquense</emphasis>
Subzone
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C2395C2FF9FFFFF04D4A329FE06FDB9" baseAuthorityName="d'Orbigny" baseAuthorityYear="1850" box="[224,496,584,608]" class="Cephalopoda" family="Pseudonautilidae" genus="Pseudaganides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nautilida" pageId="13" pageNumber="482" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="subbiangulatus">
<emphasis id="B9573253FF9FFFFF04D4A329FE06FDB9" box="[224,496,584,608]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="482">Pseudaganides subbiangulatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C2395C2FF9FFFFF062FA329FE62FDA3" authority="Marchand &amp; Tintant, 1971" authorityName="Marchand &amp; Tintant" authorityYear="1971" class="Cephalopoda" family="Pseudonautilidae" genus="Pseudaganides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nautilida" pageId="13" pageNumber="482" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="dimidiatus">
<emphasis id="B9573253FF9FFFFF062FA329FCF0FDB9" box="[539,774,584,608]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="482">Pseudaganides dimidiatus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFB293B0FF9FFFFF04B0A303FE62FDA3" author="MARCHAND D. &amp; TINTANT H." box="[132,404,610,634]" pageId="13" pageNumber="482" pagination="111 - 169" refId="ref15635" refString="MARCHAND D. &amp; TINTANT H. 1971. - Etudes statistiques sur Pseudaganides aganiticus (Schlotheim) et diverses especes voisines. Bulletin des Sciences de Bourgogne 28: 111 - 169." type="journal article" year="1971">Marchand &amp; Tintant, 1971</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, from the Lower to Middle Callovian,
<taxonomicName id="4C2395C2FF9FFFFF04B0A31CFE28FD4C" authority="Subzone, Boginense Horizon" authorityName="Subzone, Boginense Horizon" box="[132,478,637,661]" class="Gastropoda" family="Patellidae" genus="Patina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Archaeogastropoda" pageId="13" pageNumber="482" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9573253FF9FFFFF04B0A31CFF34FD4D" box="[132,194,637,660]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="482">Patina</emphasis>
Subzone,
<emphasis id="B9573253FF9FFFFF051FA31CFE70FD4D" box="[299,390,637,660]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="482">Boginense</emphasis>
Horizon
</taxonomicName>
to the
<taxonomicName id="4C2395C2FF9FFFFF061DA31CFF20FD76" authority="Zone, Bannense Subzone" authorityName="Zone, Bannense Subzone" class="Gastropoda" family="Trochidae" genus="Anceps" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trochida" pageId="13" pageNumber="482" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9573253FF9FFFFF061DA31CFD9EFD4D" box="[553,616,637,660]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="482">Anceps</emphasis>
Zone,
<emphasis id="B9573253FF9FFFFF0684A31CFCFEFD4D" box="[688,776,637,660]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="482">Bannense</emphasis>
Subzone
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C2395C2FF9FFFFF053FA3F6FD4BFD76" authority="(Schlotheim, 1820)" baseAuthorityName="Schlotheim" baseAuthorityYear="1820" box="[267,701,663,687]" class="Cephalopoda" family="Pseudonautilidae" genus="Pseudaganides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nautilida" pageId="13" pageNumber="482" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="aganiticus">
<emphasis id="B9573253FF9FFFFF053FA3F6FE03FD76" box="[267,501,663,687]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="482">Pseudaganides aganiticus</emphasis>
(Schlotheim, 1820)
</taxonomicName>
, Upper Callovian to Lower Oxfordian. Many other
<taxonomicName id="4C2395C2FF9FFFFF061CA3D0FD5BFD10" authorityName="Spath" authorityYear="1927" box="[552,685,689,713]" class="Cephalopoda" family="Pseudonautilidae" genus="Pseudaganides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nautilida" pageId="13" pageNumber="482" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9573253FF9FFFFF061CA3D0FD5BFD10" box="[552,685,689,713]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="482">Pseudaganides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from the Upper Jurassic (von
<bibRefCitation id="EFB293B0FF9FFFFF057FA3ADFE3EFD3D" author="LOESCH K. C. VON" box="[331,456,716,740]" pageId="13" pageNumber="482" pagination="57 - 146" refId="ref15513" refString="LOESCH K. C. VON 1914. - Die Nautiliden des Weisser Jura. 1 ste Teil. Palaeontographica 61: 57 - 146, pls 10 - 15." type="journal article" year="1914">Loesch 1914</bibRefCitation>
) have also to be included within the genus, a revision of this material would be necessary. Based on the angular shape of the ventral lobe,
<bibRefCitation id="EFB293B0FF9FFFFF05D0A260FCF3FCC0" author="SHIMANSKY V. N. &amp; ERLANGER A. A." box="[484,773,769,793]" pageId="13" pageNumber="482" pagination="95 - 96" refId="ref15923" refString="SHIMANSKY V. N. &amp; ERLANGER A. A. 1955. - A nakhodkakh Triasovykh nautiloidei v SSSR. Byulleten Moskovskogo Obshchestva Ispytatelei Prirody 30: 95 - 96." type="journal article" year="1955">Shimansky &amp; Erlanger (1955)</bibRefCitation>
distinguished the genus
<taxonomicName id="4C2395C2FF9FFFFF0544A27AFD7CFCEA" authority="Shimansky, 1957" authorityName="Shimansky" authorityYear="1957" box="[368,650,795,819]" class="Cephalopoda" family="Pseudonautilidae" genus="Xenocheilus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nautilida" pageId="13" pageNumber="482" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9573253FF9FFFFF0544A27AFE2AFCEA" box="[368,476,795,819]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="482">Xenocheilus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFB293B0FF9FFFFF05D6A27AFD7CFCEA" author="SHIMANSKY V. N." box="[482,650,795,819]" pageId="13" pageNumber="482" pagination="105 - 120" refId="ref15898" refString="SHIMANSKY V. N. 1957. - Sistematica I Filogenia otyada Nautilida. Byulleten' Moskovskogo Obshchestva Ispytatelei Prirody 32: 105 - 120." type="journal article" year="1957">Shimansky, 1957</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
that extends from Upper Oxfordian to Lower Cretaceous beds.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF5CBEC9FF9EFFFE04B0A61CFAFBF830" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13884457" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13884457" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13884457/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="481" startId="12.[132,143,1917,1934]" targetBox="[215,1373,215,1870]" targetPageId="12" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8B9CEE41FF9EFFFE04B0A61CFAFBF830" blockId="12.[132,1457,1917,2025]" pageId="12" pageNumber="481">
<smallCapsWord id="8D7A789DFF9EFFFE04B0A61CFF6BF857" baselines="1930,1931" box="[132,157,1917,1934]" lowerCaseFontSize="5" mainFontSize="7" normCase="title" normString="Fig" pageId="12" pageNumber="481">FIG</smallCapsWord>
. 11. —
<emphasis id="B9573253FF9EFFFE04D4A61CFEE0F857" bold="true" box="[224,278,1917,1934]" pageId="12" pageNumber="481">A1-A3</emphasis>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C2395C2FF9EFFFE0514A61CFE32F857" authorityName="Branger" authorityYear="2024" box="[288,452,1917,1934]" class="Cephalopoda" family="Pseudonautilidae" genus="Antaganides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nautilida" pageId="12" pageNumber="481" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="grulkei" status="n. gen., n. sp.">
<emphasis id="B9573253FF9EFFFE0514A61CFE32F857" box="[288,452,1917,1934]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="481">Antaganides grulkei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2648F28FF9EFFFE05FEA61CFDB7F857" box="[458,577,1917,1934]" pageId="12" pageNumber="481" rank="species">n. gen., n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, holotype (
<emphasis id="B9573253FF9EFFFE06AFA61CFCFDF857" box="[667,779,1917,1934]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="481">2023.PB.N97</emphasis>
), adult shell, les Hauts-de-Rochefort quarry, Middle Bathonian,
<emphasis id="B9573253FF9EFFFE0117A61CFA8CF857" box="[1315,1402,1917,1934]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="481">Progracilis</emphasis>
Zone;
<emphasis id="B9573253FF9EFFFE04B0A6F5FF4AF87C" bold="true" box="[132,188,1940,1957]" pageId="12" pageNumber="481">B1-B3</emphasis>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C2395C2FF9EFFFE04FCA6F5FE87F87C" authorityName="Branger" authorityYear="2024" box="[200,369,1940,1957]" class="Cephalopoda" family="Pseudonautilidae" genus="Antaganides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nautilida" pageId="12" pageNumber="481" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="grulkei" status="n. gen., n. sp.">
<emphasis id="B9573253FF9EFFFE04FCA6F5FE87F87C" box="[200,369,1940,1957]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="481">Antaganides grulkei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2648F28FF9EFFFE054DA6F5FE02F87C" box="[377,500,1940,1957]" pageId="12" pageNumber="481" rank="species">n. gen., n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, specimen
<emphasis id="B9573253FF9EFFFE0662A6F5FD24F87C" box="[598,722,1940,1957]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="481">2023.PB.N134</emphasis>
, Champs-Albert near la Crèche, Upper Bathonian, base of the
<emphasis id="B9573253FF9EFFFE00CEA6F5FA8EF87C" box="[1274,1400,1940,1957]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="481">Retrocostatum</emphasis>
Zone;
<emphasis id="B9573253FF9EFFFE04B0A6CAFF4AF865" bold="true" box="[132,188,1963,1980]" pageId="12" pageNumber="481">C1-C3</emphasis>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C2395C2FF9EFFFE04F2A6CAFE59F865" authorityName="Branger" authorityYear="2024" box="[198,431,1963,1980]" class="Cephalopoda" family="Pseudonautilidae" genus="Pseudaganides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nautilida" pageId="12" pageNumber="481" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="aquitanense" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9573253FF9EFFFE04F2A6CAFE59F865" box="[198,431,1963,1980]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="481">Pseudaganides aquitanense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2648F28FF9EFFFE0587A6CAFE13F865" box="[435,485,1963,1980]" pageId="12" pageNumber="481" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, holotype (
<emphasis id="B9573253FF9EFFFE0609A6CAFD5AF865" box="[573,684,1963,1980]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="481">2023.PB.N96</emphasis>
), adult shell, Aiffres, Upper Bathonian,
<emphasis id="B9573253FF9EFFFE07DAA6CAFB9FF865" box="[1006,1129,1963,1980]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="481">Retrocostatum</emphasis>
Zone;
<emphasis id="B9573253FF9EFFFE0097A6CAFB4CF865" bold="true" box="[1187,1210,1963,1980]" pageId="12" pageNumber="481">D1</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="B9573253FF9EFFFE00F1A6CAFB2BF865" bold="true" box="[1221,1245,1963,1980]" pageId="12" pageNumber="481">D2</emphasis>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C2395C2FF9EFFFE00D3A6CAFF5DF80A" authorityName="Branger" authorityYear="2024" class="Cephalopoda" family="Pseudonautilidae" genus="Pseudaganides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nautilida" pageId="12" pageNumber="481" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="aquitanense" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9573253FF9EFFFE00D3A6CAFF5DF80A" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="481">Pseudaganides aquitanense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2648F28FF9EFFFE049BA6A3FF16F80A" box="[175,224,1986,2003]" pageId="12" pageNumber="481" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
,specimen
<emphasis id="B9573253FF9EFFFE050EA6A3FE42F80A" box="[314,436,1986,2003]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="481">2023.PB.N106</emphasis>
, Champs-Albert near la Crèche,Upper Bathonian,
<emphasis id="B9573253FF9EFFFE0767A6A3FC38F80A" box="[851,974,1986,2003]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="481">Retrocostatum</emphasis>
Zone;
<emphasis id="B9573253FF9EFFFE0032A6A3FBEAF80A" bold="true" box="[1030,1052,1986,2003]" pageId="12" pageNumber="481">E1</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="B9573253FF9EFFFE0011A6A3FBCAF80A" bold="true" box="[1061,1084,1986,2003]" pageId="12" pageNumber="481">E2</emphasis>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C2395C2FF9EFFFE0071A6A3FADDF80A" authorityName="Branger" authorityYear="2024" box="[1093,1323,1986,2003]" class="Cephalopoda" family="Pseudonautilidae" genus="Pseudaganides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nautilida" pageId="12" pageNumber="481" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="aquitanense" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9573253FF9EFFFE0071A6A3FADDF80A" box="[1093,1323,1986,2003]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="481">Pseudaganides aquitanense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2648F28FF9EFFFE0104A6A3FA96F80A" box="[1328,1376,1986,2003]" pageId="12" pageNumber="481" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, paratype (
<emphasis id="B9573253FF9EFFFE04BDA6B9FEF4F830" box="[137,258,2008,2025]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="481">2023.PB.N124</emphasis>
), bed 8b, Buffevent quarry near Niort, Upper Bathonian,
<emphasis id="B9573253FF9EFFFE06EFA6B9FCA0F830" box="[731,854,2008,2025]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="481">Retrocostatum</emphasis>
Zone.
<emphasis id="B9573253FF9EFFFE07A4A6B9FC6EF830" bold="true" box="[912,920,2008,2025]" pageId="12" pageNumber="481">*</emphasis>
, end of the phragmocone. Scale bars: 1 cm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF5CBEC9FF9FFFFF04B0A1BAFF0DFEDA" pageId="13" pageNumber="482" startId="13.[132,143,219,236]" targetBox="[134,765,317,527]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="13" targetType="table">
<paragraph id="8B9CEE41FF9FFFFF04B0A1BAFF0DFEDA" blockId="13.[132,775,219,259]" pageId="13" pageNumber="482">
<smallCapsWord id="8D7A789DFF9FFFFF04B0A1BAFF44FF35" baselines="232,233" box="[132,178,219,236]" lowerCaseFontSize="5" mainFontSize="7" normCase="title" normString="Table" pageId="13" pageNumber="482">TABLE</smallCapsWord>
5. — Measurements (D, H, W, U, P, L, in mm) for
<taxonomicName id="4C2395C2FF9FFFFF0663A1BAFF33FEDA" authorityName="Branger" authorityYear="2024" class="Cephalopoda" family="Pseudonautilidae" genus="Pseudaganides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nautilida" pageId="13" pageNumber="482" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="aquitanense" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9573253FF9FFFFF0663A1BAFF33FEDA" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="482">Pseudaganides aquitanense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2648F28FF9FFFFF04FFA193FF0DFEDA" box="[203,251,242,259]" pageId="13" pageNumber="482" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8B9CEE41FF9FFFFF04B2A05CFD0BFDD6" pageId="13" pageNumber="482">
<table id="F9231CE1FF9F000D04B2A05CFD0BFDD6" box="[134,765,317,527]" colsContinueFrom="5.[814,1446,317,456]" colsContinueIn="14.[814,1446,317,456]" gridcols="12" gridrows="5" pageId="13" pageNumber="482">
<tr id="3513EC03FF9F000D04B2A05CFD0BFE88" box="[134,765,317,337]" gridrow="0" pageId="13" pageNumber="482">
<th id="76C2857FFF9F000D04B2A05CFEE6FE88" box="[134,272,317,337]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="13" pageNumber="482">
<emphasis id="B9573253FF9FFFFF04B2A05CFF6DFE88" bold="true" box="[134,155,317,337]" pageId="13" pageNumber="482">n°</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="76C2857FFF9F000D0512A05CFEC8FE88" box="[294,318,317,337]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="13" pageNumber="482">
<emphasis id="B9573253FF9FFFFF051EA05CFECCFE88" bold="true" box="[298,314,317,337]" pageId="13" pageNumber="482">D</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="76C2857FFF9F000D0567A05CFE9DFE88" box="[339,363,317,337]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="13" pageNumber="482">
<emphasis id="B9573253FF9FFFFF0563A05CFE91FE88" bold="true" box="[343,359,317,337]" pageId="13" pageNumber="482">H</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="76C2857FFF9F000D0543A05CFE57FE88" box="[375,417,317,337]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="13" pageNumber="482">
<emphasis id="B9573253FF9FFFFF05B1A05CFE64FE88" bold="true" box="[389,402,317,337]" pageId="13" pageNumber="482">h</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="76C2857FFF9F000D0598A05CFE32FE88" box="[428,452,317,337]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="13" pageNumber="482">
<emphasis id="B9573253FF9FFFFF059AA05CFE34FE88" bold="true" box="[430,450,317,337]" pageId="13" pageNumber="482">W</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="76C2857FFF9F000D05E5A05CFE0DFE88" box="[465,507,317,337]" gridcol="5" gridrow="0" pageId="13" pageNumber="482">
<emphasis id="B9573253FF9FFFFF05E8A05CFE1BFE88" bold="true" box="[476,493,317,337]" pageId="13" pageNumber="482">w</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="76C2857FFF9F000D0630A05CFDE2FE88" box="[516,532,317,337]" gridcol="6" gridrow="0" pageId="13" pageNumber="482">
<emphasis id="B9573253FF9FFFFF0630A05CFDE2FE88" bold="true" box="[516,532,317,337]" pageId="13" pageNumber="482">U</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="76C2857FFF9F000D0615A05CFDBDFE88" box="[545,587,317,337]" gridcol="7" gridrow="0" pageId="13" pageNumber="482">
<emphasis id="B9573253FF9FFFFF0606A05CFDC9FE88" bold="true" box="[562,575,317,337]" pageId="13" pageNumber="482">u</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="76C2857FFF9F000D0661A05CFD76FE88" box="[597,640,317,337]" gridcol="8" gridrow="0" pageId="13" pageNumber="482">
<emphasis id="B9573253FF9FFFFF0661A05CFD76FE88" bold="true" box="[597,640,317,337]" pageId="13" pageNumber="482">W/H</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="76C2857FFF9F000D06B8A05CFD5CFE88" box="[652,682,317,337]" gridcol="9" gridrow="0" pageId="13" pageNumber="482">
<emphasis id="B9573253FF9FFFFF06A5A05CFD69FE88" bold="true" box="[657,671,317,337]" pageId="13" pageNumber="482">P</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="76C2857FFF9F000D068DA05CFD27FE88" box="[697,721,317,337]" gridcol="10" gridrow="0" pageId="13" pageNumber="482">
<emphasis id="B9573253FF9FFFFF068AA05CFD3DFE88" bold="true" box="[702,715,317,337]" pageId="13" pageNumber="482">L</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="76C2857FFF9F000D06D1A05CFD0BFE88" box="[741,765,317,337]" gridcol="11" gridrow="0" pageId="13" pageNumber="482">
<emphasis id="B9573253FF9FFFFF06D3A05CFD0AFE88" bold="true" box="[743,764,317,337]" pageId="13" pageNumber="482">%</emphasis>
</th>
</tr>
<tr id="3513EC03FF9F000D04B2A000FD0BFE54" box="[134,765,353,397]" gridrow="1" pageId="13" pageNumber="482">
<th id="76C2857FFF9F000D04B2A000FEE6FE54" box="[134,272,353,397]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="13" pageNumber="482">
<emphasis id="B9573253FF9FFFFF04B2A000FEF3FEAC" box="[134,261,353,373]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="482">2023.PB.N96</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="76C2857FFF9F000D0512A000FEC8FE54" box="[294,318,353,397]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="13" pageNumber="482">61 43</td>
<td id="76C2857FFF9F000D0567A000FE9DFE54" box="[339,363,353,397]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="13" pageNumber="482">36 27</td>
<td id="76C2857FFF9F000D0543A000FE57FE54" box="[375,417,353,397]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="13" pageNumber="482">0.59 0.62</td>
<td id="76C2857FFF9F000D0598A000FE32FE54" box="[428,452,353,397]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="13" pageNumber="482">32 19</td>
<td id="76C2857FFF9F000D05E5A000FE0DFE54" box="[465,507,353,397]" gridcol="5" gridrow="1" pageId="13" pageNumber="482">0.52 0.44</td>
<td id="76C2857FFF9F000D0630A000FDE2FE54" box="[516,532,353,397]" gridcol="6" gridrow="1" pageId="13" pageNumber="482">0 0</td>
<td id="76C2857FFF9F000D0615A000FDBDFE54" box="[545,587,353,397]" gridcol="7" gridrow="1" pageId="13" pageNumber="482">0 0</td>
<td id="76C2857FFF9F000D0661A000FD76FE54" box="[597,640,353,397]" gridcol="8" gridrow="1" pageId="13" pageNumber="482">0.88 0.7</td>
<td id="76C2857FFF9F000D06B8A000FD5CFE54" box="[652,682,353,397]" gridcol="9" gridrow="1" pageId="13" pageNumber="482">
6
<emphasis id="B9573253FF9FFFFF06A6A018FD6BFE54" box="[658,669,377,397]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="482">–</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="76C2857FFF9F000D068DA000FD27FE54" box="[697,721,353,397]" gridcol="10" gridrow="1" pageId="13" pageNumber="482">
19
<emphasis id="B9573253FF9FFFFF068BA018FD3CFE54" box="[703,714,377,397]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="482">–</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="76C2857FFF9F000D06D1A000FD0BFE54" box="[741,765,353,397]" gridcol="11" gridrow="1" pageId="13" pageNumber="482">31 –</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3513EC03FF9F000D04B2A0FDFD0BFE69" box="[134,765,412,432]" gridrow="2" pageId="13" pageNumber="482">
<th id="76C2857FFF9F000D04B2A0FDFEE6FE69" box="[134,272,412,432]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="13" pageNumber="482">
<emphasis id="B9573253FF9FFFFF04B2A0FDFEE6FE69" box="[134,272,412,432]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="482">2023.PB.N106</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="76C2857FFF9F000D0512A0FDFEC8FE69" box="[294,318,412,432]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="13" pageNumber="482">58</td>
<td id="76C2857FFF9F000D0567A0FDFE9DFE69" box="[339,363,412,432]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="13" pageNumber="482">32</td>
<td id="76C2857FFF9F000D0543A0FDFE57FE69" box="[375,417,412,432]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="13" pageNumber="482">0.55</td>
<td id="76C2857FFF9F000D0598A0FDFE32FE69" box="[428,452,412,432]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="13" pageNumber="482">29</td>
<td id="76C2857FFF9F000D05E5A0FDFE0DFE69" box="[465,507,412,432]" gridcol="5" gridrow="2" pageId="13" pageNumber="482">0.5</td>
<td id="76C2857FFF9F000D0630A0FDFDE2FE69" box="[516,532,412,432]" gridcol="6" gridrow="2" pageId="13" pageNumber="482">3</td>
<td id="76C2857FFF9F000D0615A0FDFDBDFE69" box="[545,587,412,432]" gridcol="7" gridrow="2" pageId="13" pageNumber="482">0.05</td>
<td id="76C2857FFF9F000D0661A0FDFD76FE69" box="[597,640,412,432]" gridcol="8" gridrow="2" pageId="13" pageNumber="482">0.9</td>
<td id="76C2857FFF9F000D06B8A0FDFD5CFE69" box="[652,682,412,432]" gridcol="9" gridrow="2" pageId="13" pageNumber="482">7</td>
<td id="76C2857FFF9F000D068DA0FDFD27FE69" box="[697,721,412,432]" gridcol="10" gridrow="2" pageId="13" pageNumber="482">19</td>
<td id="76C2857FFF9F000D06D1A0FDFD0BFE69" box="[741,765,412,432]" gridcol="11" gridrow="2" pageId="13" pageNumber="482">36</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3513EC03FF9F000D04B2A0A1FD0BFE35" box="[134,765,448,492]" gridrow="3" pageId="13" pageNumber="482">
<th id="76C2857FFF9F000D04B2A0A1FEE6FE35" box="[134,272,448,492]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="13" pageNumber="482">
<emphasis id="B9573253FF9FFFFF04B2A0A1FEE6FE0D" box="[134,272,448,468]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="482">2023.PB.N124</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="76C2857FFF9F000D0512A0A1FEC8FE35" box="[294,318,448,492]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="13" pageNumber="482">52 48</td>
<td id="76C2857FFF9F000D0567A0A1FE9DFE35" box="[339,363,448,492]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="13" pageNumber="482">29 21</td>
<td id="76C2857FFF9F000D0543A0A1FE57FE35" box="[375,417,448,492]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="13" pageNumber="482">0.55 0.43</td>
<td id="76C2857FFF9F000D0598A0A1FE32FE35" box="[428,452,448,492]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="13" pageNumber="482">23 16</td>
<td id="76C2857FFF9F000D05E5A0A1FE0DFE35" box="[465,507,448,492]" gridcol="5" gridrow="3" pageId="13" pageNumber="482">0.44 0.33</td>
<td id="76C2857FFF9F000D0630A0A1FDE2FE35" box="[516,532,448,492]" gridcol="6" gridrow="3" pageId="13" pageNumber="482">2 0</td>
<td id="76C2857FFF9F000D0615A0A1FDBDFE35" box="[545,587,448,492]" gridcol="7" gridrow="3" pageId="13" pageNumber="482">
0.04
<emphasis id="B9573253FF9FFFFF0619A0B9FDCEFE35" box="[557,568,472,492]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="482">–</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="76C2857FFF9F000D0661A0A1FD76FE35" box="[597,640,448,492]" gridcol="8" gridrow="3" pageId="13" pageNumber="482">0.79 0.76</td>
<td id="76C2857FFF9F000D06B8A0A1FD5CFE35" box="[652,682,448,492]" gridcol="9" gridrow="3" pageId="13" pageNumber="482">
5.5
<emphasis id="B9573253FF9FFFFF06A6A0B9FD6BFE35" box="[658,669,472,492]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="482">–</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="76C2857FFF9F000D068DA0A1FD27FE35" box="[697,721,448,492]" gridcol="10" gridrow="3" pageId="13" pageNumber="482">
16
<emphasis id="B9573253FF9FFFFF068BA0B9FD3CFE35" box="[703,714,472,492]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="482">–</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="76C2857FFF9F000D06D1A0A1FD0BFE35" box="[741,765,448,492]" gridcol="11" gridrow="3" pageId="13" pageNumber="482">34 –</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3513EC03FF9F000D04B2A09AFD0BFDD6" box="[134,765,507,527]" gridrow="4" pageId="13" pageNumber="482">
<th id="76C2857FFF9F000D04B2A09AFEE6FDD6" box="[134,272,507,527]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="13" pageNumber="482">
<emphasis id="B9573253FF9FFFFF04B2A09AFEE6FDD6" box="[134,272,507,527]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="482">2023.PB.N125</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="76C2857FFF9F000D0512A09AFEC8FDD6" box="[294,318,507,527]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="13" pageNumber="482">44</td>
<td id="76C2857FFF9F000D0567A09AFE9DFDD6" box="[339,363,507,527]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="13" pageNumber="482">26</td>
<td id="76C2857FFF9F000D0543A09AFE57FDD6" box="[375,417,507,527]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="13" pageNumber="482">0.59</td>
<td id="76C2857FFF9F000D0598A09AFE32FDD6" box="[428,452,507,527]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="13" pageNumber="482">20</td>
<td id="76C2857FFF9F000D05E5A09AFE0DFDD6" box="[465,507,507,527]" gridcol="5" gridrow="4" pageId="13" pageNumber="482">0.45</td>
<td id="76C2857FFF9F000D0630A09AFDE2FDD6" box="[516,532,507,527]" gridcol="6" gridrow="4" pageId="13" pageNumber="482">4</td>
<td id="76C2857FFF9F000D0615A09AFDBDFDD6" box="[545,587,507,527]" gridcol="7" gridrow="4" pageId="13" pageNumber="482">0.09</td>
<td id="76C2857FFF9F000D0661A09AFD76FDD6" box="[597,640,507,527]" gridcol="8" gridrow="4" pageId="13" pageNumber="482">0.76</td>
<td id="76C2857FFF9F000D06B8A09AFD5CFDD6" box="[652,682,507,527]" gridcol="9" gridrow="4" pageId="13" pageNumber="482">5</td>
<td id="76C2857FFF9F000D068DA09AFD27FDD6" box="[697,721,507,527]" gridcol="10" gridrow="4" pageId="13" pageNumber="482">17</td>
<td id="76C2857FFF9F000D06D1A09AFD0BFDD6" box="[741,765,507,527]" gridcol="11" gridrow="4" pageId="13" pageNumber="482">29</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<subSubSection id="C339BDCAFF9FFFFF04B0A214FDC8F8F5" pageId="13" pageNumber="482" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B9CEE41FF9FFFFF04B0A214FE0CFC54" blockId="13.[130,777,885,1836]" box="[132,506,885,911]" pageId="13" pageNumber="482">
<smallCapsWord id="8D7A789DFF9FFFFF04B0A214FEA9FC54" baselines="904,904" box="[132,351,885,911]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="11" normCase="title" normString="Characterization" pageId="13" pageNumber="482">CHARACTERIZATION</smallCapsWord>
<smallCapsWord id="8D7A789DFF9FFFFF0551A21BFE65FC54" baselines="904" box="[357,403,890,909]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="11" normCase="lower" normString="and" pageId="13" pageNumber="482">AND</smallCapsWord>
<smallCapsWord id="8D7A789DFF9FFFFF05AEA21BFE0CFC54" baselines="904" box="[410,506,890,909]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="11" normCase="lower" normString="remarks" pageId="13" pageNumber="482">REMARKS</smallCapsWord>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9CEE41FF9FFFFF04B0A2F4FDC8F8F5" blockId="13.[130,777,885,1836]" pageId="13" pageNumber="482">
Genus
<taxonomicName id="4C2395C2FF9FFFFF04E7A2F4FE90FC76" authorityName="Spath" authorityYear="1927" box="[211,358,917,943]" class="Cephalopoda" family="Pseudonautilidae" genus="Pseudaganides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nautilida" pageId="13" pageNumber="482" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9573253FF9FFFFF04E7A2F4FE90FC76" box="[211,358,917,943]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="482">Pseudaganides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a group including small to Middle sized nautiloids, less than 15 centimeters in diameter, mostly around 10 centimeters or less. Shells are compressed, bearing goniatitic suture lines at all growth stages. These suture lines are characterized by a deep lateral lobe, a dorsal saddle on the entire phragmocone and a ventro-lateral saddle. The ventral lobe is sometimes missing. In most stages of coiling the umbilicus is closed. On the inner whorls, the venter is rounded and flattens, sometimes slightly concave, on the body-chamber. As pointed out by
<bibRefCitation id="EFB293B0FF9FFFFF05CDA5D5FD64FB17" author="JEANNET A." box="[505,658,1204,1230]" pageId="13" pageNumber="482" pagination="178 - 187" refId="ref15217" refString="JEANNET A. 1948. - Sur la forme de l'ouverture chez certains Nautiles mesozoiques. Bulletin suisse de Mineralogie et Petrographie 27: 178 - 187." type="journal article" year="1948">Jeannet (1948</bibRefCitation>
: fig. 4) for
<taxonomicName id="4C2395C2FF9FFFFF04B1A5B5FF00FB37" baseAuthorityName="Jeannet" baseAuthorityYear="1951" box="[133,246,1236,1262]" class="Cephalopoda" family="Pseudonautilidae" genus="Pseudaganides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nautilida" pageId="13" pageNumber="482" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="frickensis">
<emphasis id="B9573253FF9FFFFF04B1A5B5FF00FB37" box="[133,246,1236,1262]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="482">P. frickensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the opening of the shell is rather particular, lateral borders are quite straight, starting from the umbilicus with a spiny shaped beginning (
<figureCitation id="1318F2C4FF9FFFFF0591A472FDFFFAF7" box="[421,521,1299,1326]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="17.[132,142,1917,1934]" captionTargetBox="[223,1365,215,1878]" captionTargetId="figure-19@17.[792,1366,768,1324]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIG. 13. — A, Antaganides cf. erycinus (Tagliarini, 1901), n. comb., specimen 2023.PB.N129, with its preserved muscle scar, Niort, Upper Bajocian, Niortense Zone; B, Antaganides cf.erycinus (Tagliarini,1901),n.comb.,specimen 2023.PB.N148, with its siphuncle,viaduc de l’Égray,Upper Bajocian,Niortense Zone;C, Pseudaganides crechensis n. sp.,specimen 2023.PB.N143, newly hatched shell showing its reticulate ornamentation on the phragmocon;D1-D3, Pseudaganides subbiangulatus (d’Orbigny,1850),specimen 2023.PB.N110, full grown shell with itswell preserved aperture,Bougon,Lower Callovian,Gracilis Zone,Patina Subzone,Boginense Horizon; E1-E3, Pseudaganides subbiangulatus, specimen 2023.PB.N112, Niort,Middle Callovian,Anceps Zone,Stuebeli Subzone.*, end of the phragmocone.Scale bars:1 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13884463" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13884463/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="482">Figs 13D</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="1318F2C4FF9FFFFF063CA475FDE0FAF7" box="[520,534,1300,1326]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="4.[132,143,1359,1376]" captionTargetBox="[429,1158,216,1328]" captionTargetId="figure-307@4.[432,1157,216,1327]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIG. 1. — Geographical map reporting the position of the localities that provided specimens of Antaganides n. gen.and Pseudaganides Spath,1927: 1, Buffevent quarry;2, Niort; 3, Aiffres; 4, Trotte-buie quarry; 5, A83 highway trench at Viaduc de l’Égray; 6, Les Lucs (Échiré); 7, Chaban-de-Chauray; 8, La Crèche; 9, Salles; 10, Bougon; 11, Les Hauts-de-Rochefort quarry; 12, Les Maisons-Blanches; 13, La Grève quarry near Saint-Laon; 14, Montreuil-Bellay." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13884435" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13884435/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="482">1</figureCitation>
; 15C). A deep ventral sinus is always present. The siphuncle is typically close to the venter part of the shell.
<taxonomicName id="4C2395C2FF9FFFFF054BA432FDE7FAB4" authorityName="Spath" authorityYear="1927" box="[383,529,1363,1389]" class="Cephalopoda" family="Pseudonautilidae" genus="Pseudaganides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nautilida" pageId="13" pageNumber="482" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9573253FF9FFFFF054BA432FDE7FAB4" box="[383,529,1363,1389]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="482">Pseudaganides</emphasis>
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is known from the top of the Bathonian to the end of the Jurassic from which many new species were described (von
<bibRefCitation id="EFB293B0FF9FFFFF05ECA4F2FDA8FA74" author="LOESCH K. C. VON" box="[472,606,1427,1453]" pageId="13" pageNumber="482" pagination="57 - 146" refId="ref15513" refString="LOESCH K. C. VON 1914. - Die Nautiliden des Weisser Jura. 1 ste Teil. Palaeontographica 61: 57 - 146, pls 10 - 15." type="journal article" year="1914">Loesch 1914</bibRefCitation>
).
<taxonomicName id="4C2395C2FF9FFFFF0647A4F5FE85FA14" authority="(Foord &amp; Crick 1890)" baseAuthorityName="Foord &amp; Crick" baseAuthorityYear="1890" class="Cephalopoda" family="Pseudonautilidae" genus="Pseudaganides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nautilida" pageId="13" pageNumber="482" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="portlandicus">
<emphasis id="B9573253FF9FFFFF0647A4F5FCF1FA74" box="[627,775,1427,1453]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="482">P. portlandicus</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFB293B0FF9FFFFF04B9A4D2FE9DFA14" author="FOORD F. G. S. &amp; CRICK G. C." box="[141,363,1459,1485]" pageId="13" pageNumber="482" pagination="265 - 291" refId="ref14895" refString="FOORD F. G. S. &amp; CRICK G. C. 1890. - Description of new and imperfectly-defined species of Jurassic Nautili contained in the British Museum (Natural History). The Annals and Magazine of Natural History 6 (5): 265 - 291. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222939009460833" type="journal article" year="1890">Foord &amp; Crick 1890</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
is atypical, showing an oval and larger shell. It could belong to another genus. All the specimens from the Lower Jurassic to Lower Middle Jurassic with folded suture lines are now gathered within the genus
<taxonomicName id="4C2395C2FF9FFFFF064CA773FED1F994" authority="Rulleau, 2008" authorityName="Rulleau" authorityYear="2008" class="Cephalopoda" family="Nautilidae" genus="Belmonticeras" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nautilida" pageId="13" pageNumber="482" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9573253FF9FFFFF064CA773FCF0F9F5" box="[632,774,1554,1580]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="482">Belmonticeras</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFB293B0FF9FFFFF04B0A753FED1F994" author="RULLEAU L." box="[132,295,1586,1613]" pageId="13" pageNumber="482" refId="ref15752" refString="RULLEAU L. 2008. - Les nautiles du Lias et du Dogger de la region lyonnaise. Section Geo-Paleo. Comite d'Etablissement Lafarge Ciments, 149 p., 35 pls." type="book" year="2008">Rulleau, 2008</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. From a palaeogeographical point of view,
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<emphasis id="B9573253FF9FFFFF04B2A733FEEEF9B5" box="[134,280,1618,1644]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="482">Pseudaganides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
seems to be a typical faunal element from the Tethyan realm
<emphasis id="B9573253FF9FFFFF0517A712FEA1F955" box="[291,343,1651,1676]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="482">sensu</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFB293B0FF9FFFFF0569A712FDD1F955" author="WESTERMAN G. E. G." box="[349,551,1650,1677]" pageId="13" pageNumber="482" pagination="49 - 68" refId="ref16434" refString="WESTERMAN G. E. G. 2000. - Marine faunal realms of the Mesozoic: review and revision under the new guidelines for biogeographic classification and nomenclature. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 163: 49 - 68. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / S 0031 - 0182 (00) 00142 - 5" type="journal article" year="2000">Westerman (2000)</bibRefCitation>
and has not yet been reported from the Arabian realm (
<bibRefCitation id="EFB293B0FF9FFFFF05DAA7F3FD89F975" author="TINTANT H." box="[494,639,1682,1708]" pageId="13" pageNumber="482" pagination="67 - 159" refId="ref16216" refString="TINTANT H. 1987. - Les nautiles du Jurassique d'Arabie, in Le Jurassique d'Arabie Saoudite centrale. Geobios, Mem. special n ° 9: 67 - 159, 36 figs, 15 pls." type="journal article" year="1987">Tintant 1987</bibRefCitation>
). Due to the ventral position of the siphuncle and the strong folding of the septum sutures, it is generally accepted that species of the genus
<taxonomicName id="4C2395C2FF9FFFFF04F2A793FEA1F8D5" authorityName="Spath" authorityYear="1927" box="[198,343,1778,1804]" class="Cephalopoda" family="Pseudonautilidae" genus="Pseudaganides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nautilida" pageId="13" pageNumber="482" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9573253FF9FFFFF04F2A793FEA1F8D5" box="[198,343,1778,1804]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="482">Pseudaganides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
were cephalopods adapted to moderately deepwater environments (
<bibRefCitation id="EFB293B0FF9FFFFF05A9A673FDD9F8F5" author="TINTANT H." box="[413,559,1810,1836]" pageId="13" pageNumber="482" pagination="67 - 159" refId="ref16216" refString="TINTANT H. 1987. - Les nautiles du Jurassique d'Arabie, in Le Jurassique d'Arabie Saoudite centrale. Geobios, Mem. special n ° 9: 67 - 159, 36 figs, 15 pls." type="journal article" year="1987">Tintant 1987</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
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</treatment>
</document>

108
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<taxonomicName id="4C2395C2FF9BFFFB0537A7D2FE19F912" authorityName="Branger" authorityYear="2024" box="[259,495,1713,1741]" class="Cephalopoda" family="Pseudonautilidae" genus="Antaganides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nautilida" pageId="9" pageNumber="478" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="fournieri" status="n. gen., n. sp.">
<emphasis id="B9573253FF9BFFFB0537A7D2FE19F912" bold="true" box="[259,495,1713,1741]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="478">Antaganides fournieri</emphasis>
@ -52,9 +54,9 @@
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2648F28FF9BFFFB05C2A7D2FD7FF914" box="[502,649,1715,1741]" pageId="9" pageNumber="478" rank="species">n. gen., n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9CEE41FF9BFFFB054CA7B3FDE5F935" blockId="9.[376,531,1746,1772]" box="[376,531,1746,1772]" pageId="9" pageNumber="478">(Fig. 3C1-C3)</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
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@ -82,7 +84,6 @@ After the name of Alphonse Fournier (1858-1911), surgeon and former preparator a
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@ -90,6 +91,7 @@ After the name of Alphonse Fournier (1858-1911), surgeon and former preparator a
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. —
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@ -103,9 +105,9 @@ After the name of Alphonse Fournier (1858-1911), surgeon and former preparator a
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,
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, near la Mothe-Saint-Héray, les
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quarry (
,
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(
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); [
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@ -118,11 +120,8 @@ Base of
Zone
</collectingCounty>
,
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<emphasis id="B9573253FF9BFFFB0022A63CFB9CF8AC" box="[1046,1130,1885,1909]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="478">Orbignyi</emphasis>
Subzone
</collectorName>
;
Subzone;
<collectorName id="26D68B97FF9BFFFB00F9A63CFA76F8AC" box="[1229,1408,1885,1909]" pageId="9" pageNumber="478">Middle Bathonian</collectorName>
;
<collectorName id="26D68B97FF9BFFFB01BCA63FFC53F849" pageId="9" pageNumber="478">Patrick Branger</collectorName>
@ -134,7 +133,6 @@ leg.;
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
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<materialsCitation id="3B4BE41CFF9BFFFB0719A6FEFC93F808" collectionCode="OTHER, SPECIMEN, EXAMINED" country="France" location="France" pageId="9" pageNumber="478" specimenCount="1">
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@ -145,19 +143,16 @@ leg.;
<collectionCode id="ED327684FF9BFFFB07D5A6C5FBB3F86C" box="[993,1093,1956,1973]" pageId="9" pageNumber="478">EXAMINED</collectionCode>
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. —
<materialsCitation id="3B4BE41CFF9BFFFB0042A6FEFA5CF832" collectionCode="OTHER, SPECIMEN, EXAMINED" collectorName="La Creche" country="France" county="Fortecostatum Subzone" latitude="46.352222" location="France" longitude="-0.29944444" municipality="Bremeri Zone" pageId="9" pageNumber="478" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="B9573253FF9BFFFB0042A6FEFB4EF86E" bold="true" box="[1142,1208,1951,1975]" pageId="9" pageNumber="478">
<collectingCountry id="F334AED1FF9BFFFB0042A6FEFB4EF86E" box="[1142,1208,1951,1975]" name="France" pageId="9" pageNumber="478">France</collectingCountry>
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•
<specimenCount id="9D2525C8FF9BFFFB00E4A6FEFAC9F86F" box="[1232,1343,1950,1975]" count="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="478" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
(phragmocone)
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;
<materialsCitation id="3B4BE41CFF9BFFFB075AA6D8FB6BF808" box="[878,1181,1977,2001]" collectorName="La Creche" country="France" location="Nouvelle-Aquitaine" pageId="9" pageNumber="478" specimenCount="1">
(phragmocone);
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,
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,
@ -165,9 +160,9 @@ leg.;
]; Middle Bathonian; Patrick Branger leg.;
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;
<materialsCitation id="3B4BE41CFF9BFFF80124A6B2FDEFF897" collectionCode="TYPE, LOCALITY, AND, STRATUM, TYPICUM" country="France" county="Fortecostatum Subzone" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="479" location="Middle Bathonian" municipality="Bremeri Zone" pageId="9" pageNumber="478" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="B9573253FF9BFFFB0124A6B2FA52F832" box="[1296,1444,2003,2027]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="478">2023.PB.N109</emphasis>
.
.
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Subzone
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.
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@ -259,7 +253,7 @@ for full grown shells.
.
<emphasis id="B9573253FF98FFF8051BA63CFEBEF8AD" box="[303,328,1885,1908]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="479">—</emphasis>
See
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<tableCitation id="C6A1DBFAFF98FFF80540A63CFE34F8AD" box="[372,450,1885,1909]" captionStart="TABLE" captionStartId="11.[132,143,219,236]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="TABLE 3. — Measurements (D, H, W, U, P, L, in mm) for Antaganides fournieri n. gen., n. sp." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF5CBEC9FF99FFF904B0A1BAFF0EFEDA" pageId="10" pageNumber="479" tableUuid="DF5CBEC9FF99FFF904B0A1BAFF0EFEDA">Table 3.</tableCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9CEE41FF98FFF804B0A6F3FEE3F873" blockId="10.[132,776,1938,2028]" box="[132,277,1938,1964]" pageId="10" pageNumber="479">
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@ -286,7 +280,7 @@ species, around
) shows a faint lateral saddle followed by a shallow but well-marked lateral lobe. Close to the umbilicus, last septa are backward projected and do not show any lateral saddle. A shallow ventral lobe is present at any stage.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
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3. — Measurements (D, H, W, U, P, L, in mm) for
@ -296,7 +290,7 @@ species, around
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2648F28FF99FFF904B0A193FF0EFEDA" box="[132,248,242,259]" pageId="11" pageNumber="480" rank="species">n. gen., n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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4. — Measurements (D, H, W, U, P, L, in mm) for

104
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6. — Measurements (D, H, W, U, P, L, in mm) for
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@ -187,7 +191,6 @@ species has been discovered.
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@ -284,7 +278,7 @@ Zone, Lower Callovian where it appears to be restricted. The
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See
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<mods:title id="403B30FA1095CBBAEB62E364358B9FD5">Geodiversitas</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="D1BD82822665FE589D450179207DA8CF">
<mods:date id="50A606C6FEBB28C6A359073B8CBD1060">2024</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="BF74AA8071DA14116E87A726F34AB8EC" type="pubDate">
<mods:number id="D07F0C81AE6391CBA8592B7F45433F5A">2024-10-03</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="97E3263A702EA0EA6A9B676734277FF7">46</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="AC1D5326A7A388B0CB79517D4BBA1C50">14</mods:number>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:identifier id="BA36AC9877B4EA10CD57F9808E9EFC18" type="CLB-Dataset">304151</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="1303A59A15AB277C75044D2C443EBF71" type="DOI">10.5252/geodiversitas2024v46a14</mods:identifier>
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<heading id="D0D4592DFF9CFFFC0514A612FD9AF855" box="[288,620,1906,1933]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="14" pageNumber="483" reason="2">
<taxonomicName id="4C2395C2FF9CFFFC0514A612FDDCF854" authorityName="Branger" authorityYear="2024" box="[288,554,1907,1933]" class="Cephalopoda" family="Pseudonautilidae" genus="Pseudaganides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nautilida" pageId="14" pageNumber="483" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="crechensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9573253FF9CFFFC0514A612FDDCF854" bold="true" box="[288,554,1907,1933]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="483">Pseudaganides crechensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2648F28FF9CFFFC0605A613FD9AF855" box="[561,620,1906,1932]" pageId="14" pageNumber="483" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9CEE41FF9CFFFC0565A6F0FDCCF872" blockId="14.[288,620,1906,1963]" box="[337,570,1937,1963]" pageId="14" pageNumber="483">(Figs 12C1-C3; 13C)</paragraph>
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<uri id="FFB2E243FF9CFFFC04B0A6B1FCF1F838" box="[132,775,2000,2017]" pageId="14" pageNumber="483">
urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:
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</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C339BDCAFF9CFFFC0719A363FA59FDB1" pageId="14" pageNumber="483" type="diagnosis">
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.
<emphasis id="B9573253FF9CFFFC0793A363FC36FDC0" box="[935,960,514,537]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="483">—</emphasis>
Small nautilus, maximum diameter
<quantity id="4CDB43A4FF9CFFFC0119A360FA8EFDC0" box="[1325,1400,513,537]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" pageId="14" pageNumber="483" unit="mm" value="75.0">75 mm</quantity>
, shell rather compressed with a subrectangular section except on the body-chamber where the sides are a little more rounded. Umbilicus clearly open. Suture lines with a wide and rather deep lateral lobe.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
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. —
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.
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<collectingCountry id="F334AED1FF9CFFFC004EA3E1FB37FD41" box="[1146,1217,640,664]" name="France" pageId="14" pageNumber="483">France</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
•
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(adult);
<location id="8EFCB89AFF9CFFFC0719A3FAFC00FD6A" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038A5F57FF9CFFFD0514A612FD0BFCE9:8EFCB89AFF9CFFFC0719A3FAFC00FD6A" box="[813,1014,667,691]" country="France" latitude="46.352222" longLatPrecision="18" longitude="-0.29944444" name="Nouvelle-Aquitaine" pageId="14" pageNumber="483">Nouvelle-Aquitaine</location>
,
<location id="8EFCB89AFF9CFFFC0036A3FAFB9BFD6A" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038A5F57FF9CFFFD0514A612FD0BFCE9:8EFCB89AFF9CFFFC0036A3FAFB9BFD6A" box="[1026,1133,667,691]" country="France" latitude="46.352222" longLatPrecision="18" longitude="-0.29944444" name="La Creche" pageId="14" pageNumber="483">La Crèche</location>
,
<location id="8EFCB89AFF9CFFFC004DA3FAFAEEFD6A" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038A5F57FF9CFFFD0514A612FD0BFCE9:8EFCB89AFF9CFFFC004DA3FAFAEEFD6A" box="[1145,1304,667,691]" country="France" latitude="46.352222" longLatPrecision="18" longitude="-0.29944444" name="Champs-Albert" pageId="14" pageNumber="483">Champs-Albert</location>
; [
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,
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]; base of the
<taxonomicName id="4C2395C2FF9CFFFC0000A3D4FA5DFD14" authority="Zone, Prahecquense Subzone" authorityName="Zone, Prahecquense Subzone" box="[1076,1451,693,717]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cactaceae" genus="Gracilis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="14" pageNumber="483" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9573253FF9CFFFC0000A3D4FB89FD14" box="[1076,1151,693,717]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="483">Gracilis</emphasis>
Zone,
<emphasis id="B9573253FF9CFFFC00F8A3D4FABAFD14" box="[1228,1356,693,717]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="483">Prahecquense</emphasis>
Subzone
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; Lower Callovian;
<collectorName id="26D68B97FF9CFFFC07D1A3AEFB75FD31" box="[997,1155,719,744]" pageId="14" pageNumber="483">Patrick Branger</collectorName>
leg.;
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;
<emphasis id="B9573253FF9CFFFC012CA3B1FA47FD31" box="[1304,1457,720,744]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="483">2023.PB.N107</emphasis>
(Fig. 12C1-C3).
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</paragraph>
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. —
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•
<specimenCount id="9D2525C8FF9CFFFC00DCA27BFAADFCEB" box="[1256,1371,794,818]" count="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="483" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
(adult); same data as holotype;
<emphasis id="B9573253FF9CFFFC003DA255FB69FC95" box="[1033,1183,820,844]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="483">2023.PB.N132</emphasis>
•
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="3B4BE41CFF9CFFFC0081A255FC38FC5A" country="France" latitude="46.352222" location="France" longLatPrecision="18" longitude="-0.29944444" pageId="14" pageNumber="483" specimenCode="POC0009" specimenCount="1">
<specimenCount id="9D2525C8FF9CFFFC0081A255FADDFC95" box="[1205,1323,820,844]" count="2" pageId="14" pageNumber="483" type="generic">2 specimens</specimenCount>
(young shells almost newly hatched); same data as holotype;
<emphasis id="B9573253FF9CFFFC0125A22EFA5FFCBE" box="[1297,1449,847,871]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="483">2023.PB.N142</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="B9573253FF9CFFFC0719A208FC36FC58" box="[813,960,873,897]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="483">2023.PB.N143</emphasis>
•
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="3B4BE41CFF9CFFFC07E7A208FBBFFC09" country="France" latitude="46.352222" location="France" longLatPrecision="18" longitude="-0.29944444" pageId="14" pageNumber="483" specimenCode="POC0009" specimenCount="1">
<specimenCount id="9D2525C8FF9CFFFC07E7A208FBB7FC58" box="[979,1089,873,897]" count="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="483" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
; Nouvelle-Aquitaine, Niort, Buffevent quarry (
<specimenCode id="DB85463AFF9CFFFC074DA2E5FC29FC45" box="[889,991,900,924]" collectionCode="POC" pageId="14" pageNumber="483">POC0009</specimenCode>
); [
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,
<geoCoordinate id="EE178886FF9CFFFC0048A2E5FB1CFC45" box="[1148,1258,900,924]" degrees="0" direction="west" minutes="30" orientation="longitude" pageId="14" pageNumber="483" precision="15" seconds="21" value="-0.5058333">0°30’21”W</geoCoordinate>
]; base of the
<taxonomicName id="4C2395C2FF9CFFFC0152A2E2FBA6FC6F" authority="Zone, Prahecquense Subzone" authorityName="Zone, Prahecquense Subzone" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cactaceae" genus="Gracilis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="14" pageNumber="483" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9573253FF9CFFFC0152A2E2FA58FC42" box="[1382,1454,899,923]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="483">Gracilis</emphasis>
Zone,
<emphasis id="B9573253FF9CFFFC0744A2FFFC19FC6F" box="[880,1007,926,950]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="483">Prahecquense</emphasis>
Subzone
</taxonomicName>
;
<location id="8EFCB89AFF9CFFFC006FA2FFFAF3FC6F" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038A5F57FF9CFFFD0514A612FD0BFCE9:8EFCB89AFF9CFFFC006FA2FFFAF3FC6F" box="[1115,1285,926,950]" country="France" name="Lower Callovian" pageId="14" pageNumber="483">Lower Callovian</location>
; Patrick Branger leg.;
<collectionCode id="ED327684FF9CFFFC076BA2D8FC5BFC08" box="[863,941,953,977]" pageId="14" pageNumber="483">MBAN</collectionCode>
;
<emphasis id="B9573253FF9CFFFC0783A2D9FBB5FC09" box="[951,1091,952,976]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="483">2023.PB.N75</emphasis>
.
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. — The
<typeStatus id="549850E3FF9CFFFC00C1A289FABCFBD9" box="[1269,1354,1000,1024]" pageId="14" pageNumber="483" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
of
<taxonomicName id="4C2395C2FF9CFFFC0151A289FC38FBC3" authorityName="Branger" authorityYear="2024" class="Cephalopoda" family="Pseudonautilidae" genus="Pseudaganides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nautilida" pageId="14" pageNumber="483" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="crechensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9573253FF9CFFFC0151A289FC38FBC3" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="483">Pseudaganides crechensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2648F28FF9CFFFC07E7A562FBFEFBC3" box="[979,1032,1027,1050]" pageId="14" pageNumber="483" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(Fig. 12C1-C3) has been sampled from the base of the
<taxonomicName id="4C2395C2FF9CFFFC07AEA57CFB09FBEC" authority="Zone, Prahecquense Subzone" authorityName="Zone, Prahecquense Subzone" box="[922,1279,1053,1077]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cactaceae" genus="Gracilis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="14" pageNumber="483" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9573253FF9CFFFC07AEA57CFC14FBEC" box="[922,994,1053,1077]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="483">Gracilis</emphasis>
Zone,
<emphasis id="B9573253FF9CFFFC001CA57CFB55FBEC" box="[1064,1187,1053,1077]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="483">Prahecquense</emphasis>
Subzone
</taxonomicName>
, Lower Callovian, in La Crèche.
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C339BDCAFF9CFFFC0719A506FB9CFBA7" box="[813,1130,1127,1151]" pageId="14" pageNumber="483" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B9CEE41FF9CFFFC0719A506FB9CFBA7" blockId="14.[813,1130,1127,1151]" box="[813,1130,1127,1151]" pageId="14" pageNumber="483">
<smallCapsWord id="8D7A789DFF9CFFFC0719A506FC3DFBA4" baselines="1144,1145" box="[813,971,1127,1150]" lowerCaseFontSize="7" mainFontSize="10" normCase="title" normString="Measurements" pageId="14" pageNumber="483">MEASUREMENTS</smallCapsWord>
.
<emphasis id="B9573253FF9CFFFC07E3A509FC06FBA6" box="[983,1008,1128,1151]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="483">—</emphasis>
See
<tableCitation id="C6A1DBFAFF9CFFFC0028A506FB9CFBA7" box="[1052,1130,1127,1151]" captionStart="TABLE" captionStartId="15.[132,143,219,236]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="TABLE 7. — Measurements (D, H, W, U, P, L, in mm) for Pseudaganides crechensis n. sp." pageId="14" pageNumber="483">Table 7.</tableCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C339BDCAFF9CFFFC0719A5F6FA47FB10" pageId="14" pageNumber="483" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8B9CEE41FF9CFFFC0719A5F6FA47FB10" blockId="14.[813,1457,1175,1225]" pageId="14" pageNumber="483">
<smallCapsWord id="8D7A789DFF9CFFFC0719A5F6FC50FB74" baselines="1192,1193" box="[813,934,1175,1198]" lowerCaseFontSize="7" mainFontSize="10" normCase="title" normString="Etymology" pageId="14" pageNumber="483">ETYMOLOGY</smallCapsWord>
.
<emphasis id="B9573253FF9CFFFC0787A5F6FC3AFB77" box="[947,972,1175,1198]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="483">—</emphasis>
The species is named based on La Crèche (Deux-Sèvres), the city where four of the five known specimens were collected.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C339BDCAFF9CFFFC0719A595FBA6F832" pageId="14" pageNumber="483" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B9CEE41FF9CFFFC0719A595FC4BFAD5" blockId="14.[811,1457,1268,2027]" box="[813,957,1268,1294]" pageId="14" pageNumber="483">
<smallCapsWord id="8D7A789DFF9CFFFC0719A595FC4BFAD5" baselines="1287,1287" box="[813,957,1268,1294]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="11" normCase="title" normString="Description" pageId="14" pageNumber="483">DESCRIPTION</smallCapsWord>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9CEE41FF9CFFFC0719A472FBA6F832" blockId="14.[811,1457,1268,2027]" pageId="14" pageNumber="483">
<taxonomicName id="4C2395C2FF9CFFFC0719A472FBCEFAF4" authorityName="Branger" authorityYear="2024" box="[813,1080,1299,1325]" class="Cephalopoda" family="Pseudonautilidae" genus="Pseudaganides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nautilida" pageId="14" pageNumber="483" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="crechensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9573253FF9CFFFC0719A472FBCEFAF4" box="[813,1080,1299,1325]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="483">Pseudaganides crechensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2648F28FF9CFFFC0070A475FB72FAF7" box="[1092,1156,1300,1326]" pageId="14" pageNumber="483" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
is a small sized and compressed nautilus, maximum diameter observed is
<quantity id="4CDB43A4FF9CFFFC0168A452FA58FA97" box="[1372,1454,1331,1358]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" pageId="14" pageNumber="483" unit="mm" value="75.0">75 mm</quantity>
on the biggest specimen (
<emphasis id="B9573253FF9CFFFC000AA432FB20FAB4" box="[1086,1238,1363,1389]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="483">2023.PB.N75</emphasis>
). The section is oval on the embryonic shell, then subrectangular until the end of the phragmocone where it widens. The body-chamber looks more rectangular at the adult stage because of the presence of angular but not sharp ventral shoulders. Flanks are slightly rounded with a maximum width at one third of the height. At the beginning of the body-chamber, the outer part of the flank is a little depressed. The venter, rounded at first, flattens from the end of the phragmocone to the aperture. The umbilicus is clearly open (
<emphasis id="B9573253FF9CFFFC00C4A712FB08F955" box="[1264,1278,1651,1676]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="483">u</emphasis>
&gt; 0.10), funnel like, with rounded sides. The lateral lobe of the suture line (
<figureCitation id="1318F2C4FF9CFFFC0702A7D3FC70F915" box="[822,902,1714,1740]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="7.[132,143,1019,1036]" captionTargetBox="[226,1361,215,976]" captionTargetId="figure-370@7.[227,1361,215,975]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIG. 4. — Suture lines of Antaganides n. gen. and Pseudaganides Spath, 1927: A, Antaganides cf. erycinus (Tagliarini,1901), n. comb., 2023.PB.N117; B, Antaganides sauvageti n. gen., n. sp. 2023.PB.N64; C, Antaganides fournieri n. gen., n. sp., 2023.PB.N105; D, Pseudaganides aquitanense n. sp., 2023.PB.N96; E, Pseudaganides buffeventin. sp.,2023.PB.N76; F, Pseudaganides crechensisn. sp., 2023.PB.N107; G, Pseudaganides subbiangulatus (d’Orbigny,1850),2023. PB.N73, Patina Zone; H, Pseudaganides subbiangulatus, 2023.PB.N112, Anceps Zone." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13884439" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13884439/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="483">Fig. 4F</figureCitation>
) is well marked, (
<emphasis id="B9573253FF9CFFFC0079A7D3FB85F915" box="[1101,1139,1714,1740]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="483">P/L</emphasis>
= 0.43 to 0.47). The ventral lobe is shallow,
<emphasis id="B9573253FF9CFFFC07EFA7B3FBF7F935" box="[987,1025,1746,1772]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="483">P/L</emphasis>
= 0.23 on the
<typeStatus id="549850E3FF9CFFFC009CA7B3FB21F935" box="[1192,1239,1746,1772]" pageId="14" pageNumber="483">type</typeStatus>
specimen. The two young shells show some ontogenetic elements. The hatching size, indicated by the existence of the nepionic constriction (
<bibRefCitation id="EFB293B0FF9CFFFC0702A650FC16F895" author="LANDMAN N. H." box="[822,992,1841,1868]" pageId="14" pageNumber="483" pagination="215 - 228" refId="ref15433" refString="LANDMAN N. H. 1988. - Early ontogeny of Mesozoic Ammonites and Nautilids, in WIEDMAN J. &amp; KULLMANN J. (eds), Cephalopods Present and Past. Schweizerbart'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, Stuttgart: 215 - 228." type="book chapter" year="1988">Landman 1988</bibRefCitation>
), corresponds to
<quantity id="4CDB43A4FF9CFFFC00A9A653FB25F895" box="[1181,1235,1842,1868]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="14" pageNumber="483" unit="cm" value="1.0">1 cm</quantity>
in diameter. At that size the shell shows a cross-hatched ornament of fine growth lines and perpendicular lirae (
<figureCitation id="1318F2C4FF9CFFFC0046A610FB22F852" box="[1138,1236,1905,1931]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="17.[132,142,1917,1934]" captionTargetBox="[223,1365,215,1878]" captionTargetId="figure-19@17.[792,1366,768,1324]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIG. 13. — A, Antaganides cf. erycinus (Tagliarini, 1901), n. comb., specimen 2023.PB.N129, with its preserved muscle scar, Niort, Upper Bajocian, Niortense Zone; B, Antaganides cf.erycinus (Tagliarini,1901),n.comb.,specimen 2023.PB.N148, with its siphuncle,viaduc de l’Égray,Upper Bajocian,Niortense Zone;C, Pseudaganides crechensis n. sp.,specimen 2023.PB.N143, newly hatched shell showing its reticulate ornamentation on the phragmocon;D1-D3, Pseudaganides subbiangulatus (d’Orbigny,1850),specimen 2023.PB.N110, full grown shell with itswell preserved aperture,Bougon,Lower Callovian,Gracilis Zone,Patina Subzone,Boginense Horizon; E1-E3, Pseudaganides subbiangulatus, specimen 2023.PB.N112, Niort,Middle Callovian,Anceps Zone,Stuebeli Subzone.*, end of the phragmocone.Scale bars:1 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13884463" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13884463/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="483">Fig. 13C</figureCitation>
). The aperture, very well-preserved on the
<typeStatus id="549850E3FF9CFFFC001FA6F3FBADF875" box="[1067,1115,1938,1964]" pageId="14" pageNumber="483">type</typeStatus>
specimen (Fig. 12C1-C3), is typical of
<taxonomicName id="4C2395C2FF9CFFFC07A9A6D0FBC5F812" authorityName="Spath" authorityYear="1927" box="[925,1075,1969,1995]" class="Cephalopoda" family="Pseudonautilidae" genus="Pseudaganides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nautilida" pageId="14" pageNumber="483" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9573253FF9CFFFC07A9A6D0FBC5F812" box="[925,1075,1969,1995]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="483">Pseudaganides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with straight lateral borders and a well-marked ventral sinus.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
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<paragraph id="8B9CEE41FF9DFFFD04B0A1BAFF0EFEDA" blockId="15.[132,775,219,259]" pageId="15" pageNumber="484">
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7. — Measurements (D, H, W, U, P, L, in mm) for
<taxonomicName id="4C2395C2FF9DFFFD0654A1BAFF35FEDA" authorityName="Branger" authorityYear="2024" class="Cephalopoda" family="Pseudonautilidae" genus="Pseudaganides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nautilida" pageId="15" pageNumber="484" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="crechensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9573253FF9DFFFD0654A1BAFF35FEDA" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="484">Pseudaganides crechensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2648F28FF9DFFFD04FCA193FF0EFEDA" box="[200,248,242,259]" pageId="15" pageNumber="484" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8B9CEE41FF9DFFFD04B2A05CFD0CFD92" pageId="15" pageNumber="484">
<table id="F9231CE1FF9D000D04B2A05CFCF7FD92" box="[134,769,317,587]" colsContinueFrom="14.[814,1446,317,456]" gridcols="12" gridrows="6" pageId="15" pageNumber="484">
<tr id="3513EC03FF9D000D04B2A05CFCF7FE88" box="[134,769,317,337]" gridrow="0" pageId="15" pageNumber="484">
<th id="76C2857FFF9D000D04B2A05CFEE7FE88" box="[134,273,317,337]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="15" pageNumber="484">
<emphasis id="B9573253FF9DFFFD04B2A05CFF6DFE88" bold="true" box="[134,155,317,337]" pageId="15" pageNumber="484">n°</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="76C2857FFF9D000D0512A05CFEC8FE88" box="[294,318,317,337]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="15" pageNumber="484">
<emphasis id="B9573253FF9DFFFD051EA05CFECCFE88" bold="true" box="[298,314,317,337]" pageId="15" pageNumber="484">D</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="76C2857FFF9D000D0565A05CFE9FFE88" box="[337,361,317,337]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="15" pageNumber="484">
<emphasis id="B9573253FF9DFFFD0563A05CFE91FE88" bold="true" box="[343,359,317,337]" pageId="15" pageNumber="484">H</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="76C2857FFF9D000D0542A05CFE56FE88" box="[374,416,317,337]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="15" pageNumber="484">
<emphasis id="B9573253FF9DFFFD05B1A05CFE64FE88" bold="true" box="[389,402,317,337]" pageId="15" pageNumber="484">h</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="76C2857FFF9D000D059CA05CFE34FE88" box="[424,450,317,337]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="15" pageNumber="484">
<emphasis id="B9573253FF9DFFFD059AA05CFE34FE88" bold="true" box="[430,450,317,337]" pageId="15" pageNumber="484">W</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="76C2857FFF9D000D05FBA05CFE0FFE88" box="[463,505,317,337]" gridcol="5" gridrow="0" pageId="15" pageNumber="484">
<emphasis id="B9573253FF9DFFFD05E8A05CFE1BFE88" bold="true" box="[476,493,317,337]" pageId="15" pageNumber="484">w</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="76C2857FFF9D000D0634A05CFDE8FE88" box="[512,542,317,337]" gridcol="6" gridrow="0" pageId="15" pageNumber="484">
<emphasis id="B9573253FF9DFFFD063EA05CFDECFE88" bold="true" box="[522,538,317,337]" pageId="15" pageNumber="484">U</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="76C2857FFF9D000D0619A05CFDA1FE88" box="[557,599,317,337]" gridcol="7" gridrow="0" pageId="15" pageNumber="484">
<emphasis id="B9573253FF9DFFFD0609A05CFDBCFE88" bold="true" box="[573,586,317,337]" pageId="15" pageNumber="484">u</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="76C2857FFF9D000D0650A05CFD67FE88" box="[612,657,317,337]" gridcol="8" gridrow="0" pageId="15" pageNumber="484">
<emphasis id="B9573253FF9DFFFD0651A05CFD67FE88" bold="true" box="[613,657,317,337]" pageId="15" pageNumber="484">W/H</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="76C2857FFF9D000D0696A05CFD46FE88" box="[674,688,317,337]" gridcol="9" gridrow="0" pageId="15" pageNumber="484">
<emphasis id="B9573253FF9DFFFD0696A05CFD46FE88" bold="true" box="[674,688,317,337]" pageId="15" pageNumber="484">P</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="76C2857FFF9D000D06F7A05CFD2DFE88" box="[707,731,317,337]" gridcol="10" gridrow="0" pageId="15" pageNumber="484">
<emphasis id="B9573253FF9DFFFD06FDA05CFD20FE88" bold="true" box="[713,726,317,337]" pageId="15" pageNumber="484">L</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="76C2857FFF9D000D06DDA05CFCF7FE88" box="[745,769,317,337]" gridcol="11" gridrow="0" pageId="15" pageNumber="484">
<emphasis id="B9573253FF9DFFFD06DEA05CFD09FE88" bold="true" box="[746,767,317,337]" pageId="15" pageNumber="484">%</emphasis>
</th>
</tr>
<tr id="3513EC03FF9D000D04B2A000FCF7FEAC" box="[134,769,353,373]" gridrow="1" pageId="15" pageNumber="484">
<th id="76C2857FFF9D000D04B2A000FEE7FEAC" box="[134,273,353,373]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="15" pageNumber="484">
<emphasis id="B9573253FF9DFFFD04B2A000FEF3FEAC" box="[134,261,353,373]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="484">2023.PB.N75</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="76C2857FFF9D000D0512A000FEC8FEAC" box="[294,318,353,373]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="15" pageNumber="484">75</td>
<td id="76C2857FFF9D000D0565A000FE9FFEAC" box="[337,361,353,373]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="15" pageNumber="484">39</td>
<td id="76C2857FFF9D000D0542A000FE56FEAC" box="[374,416,353,373]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="15" pageNumber="484">0.52</td>
<td id="76C2857FFF9D000D059CA000FE34FEAC" box="[424,450,353,373]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="15" pageNumber="484">36</td>
<td id="76C2857FFF9D000D05FBA000FE0FFEAC" box="[463,505,353,373]" gridcol="5" gridrow="1" pageId="15" pageNumber="484">0.48</td>
<td id="76C2857FFF9D000D0634A000FDE8FEAC" box="[512,542,353,373]" gridcol="6" gridrow="1" pageId="15" pageNumber="484">7</td>
<td id="76C2857FFF9D000D0619A000FDA1FEAC" box="[557,599,353,373]" gridcol="7" gridrow="1" pageId="15" pageNumber="484">0.09</td>
<td id="76C2857FFF9D000D0650A000FD67FEAC" box="[612,657,353,373]" gridcol="8" gridrow="1" pageId="15" pageNumber="484">0.92</td>
<td id="76C2857FFF9D000D0696A000FD46FEAC" box="[674,688,353,373]" gridcol="9" gridrow="1" pageId="15" pageNumber="484">9</td>
<td id="76C2857FFF9D000D06F7A000FD2DFEAC" box="[707,731,353,373]" gridcol="10" gridrow="1" pageId="15" pageNumber="484">21</td>
<td id="76C2857FFF9D000D06DDA000FCF7FEAC" box="[745,769,353,373]" gridcol="11" gridrow="1" pageId="15" pageNumber="484">43</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3513EC03FF9D000D04B2A0E5FCF7FE69" box="[134,769,388,432]" gridrow="2" pageId="15" pageNumber="484">
<th id="76C2857FFF9D000D04B2A0E5FEE7FE69" box="[134,273,388,432]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="15" pageNumber="484">
<emphasis id="B9573253FF9DFFFD04B2A0E5FEE6FE41" box="[134,272,388,408]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="484">2023.PB.N107</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="76C2857FFF9D000D0512A0E5FEC8FE69" box="[294,318,388,432]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="15" pageNumber="484">67 54</td>
<td id="76C2857FFF9D000D0565A0E5FE9FFE69" box="[337,361,388,432]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="15" pageNumber="484">35 31</td>
<td id="76C2857FFF9D000D0542A0E5FE56FE69" box="[374,416,388,432]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="15" pageNumber="484">0.52 0.57</td>
<td id="76C2857FFF9D000D059CA0E5FE34FE69" box="[424,450,388,432]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="15" pageNumber="484">33 25</td>
<td id="76C2857FFF9D000D05FBA0E5FE0FFE69" box="[463,505,388,432]" gridcol="5" gridrow="2" pageId="15" pageNumber="484">0.49 0.46</td>
<td id="76C2857FFF9D000D0634A0E5FDE8FE69" box="[512,542,388,432]" gridcol="6" gridrow="2" pageId="15" pageNumber="484">8 6</td>
<td id="76C2857FFF9D000D0619A0E5FDA1FE69" box="[557,599,388,432]" gridcol="7" gridrow="2" pageId="15" pageNumber="484">0.11 0.11</td>
<td id="76C2857FFF9D000D0650A0E5FD67FE69" box="[612,657,388,432]" gridcol="8" gridrow="2" pageId="15" pageNumber="484">0.94 0.8</td>
<td id="76C2857FFF9D000D0696A0E5FD46FE69" box="[674,688,388,432]" gridcol="9" gridrow="2" pageId="15" pageNumber="484">9 –</td>
<td id="76C2857FFF9D000D06F7A0E5FD2DFE69" box="[707,731,388,432]" gridcol="10" gridrow="2" pageId="15" pageNumber="484">19 –</td>
<td id="76C2857FFF9D000D06DDA0E5FCF7FE69" box="[745,769,388,432]" gridcol="11" gridrow="2" pageId="15" pageNumber="484">47 –</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3513EC03FF9D000D04B2A0A1FCF7FE0D" box="[134,769,448,468]" gridrow="3" pageId="15" pageNumber="484">
<th id="76C2857FFF9D000D04B2A0A1FEE7FE0D" box="[134,273,448,468]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="15" pageNumber="484">
<emphasis id="B9573253FF9DFFFD04B2A0A1FEE6FE0D" box="[134,272,448,468]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="484">2023.PB.N132</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="76C2857FFF9D000D0512A0A1FEC8FE0D" box="[294,318,448,468]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="15" pageNumber="484">65</td>
<td id="76C2857FFF9D000D0565A0A1FE9FFE0D" box="[337,361,448,468]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="15" pageNumber="484">37</td>
<td id="76C2857FFF9D000D0542A0A1FE56FE0D" box="[374,416,448,468]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="15" pageNumber="484">0.56</td>
<td id="76C2857FFF9D000D059CA0A1FE34FE0D" box="[424,450,448,468]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="15" pageNumber="484">35</td>
<td id="76C2857FFF9D000D05FBA0A1FE0FFE0D" box="[463,505,448,468]" gridcol="5" gridrow="3" pageId="15" pageNumber="484">0.53</td>
<td id="76C2857FFF9D000D0634A0A1FDE8FE0D" box="[512,542,448,468]" gridcol="6" gridrow="3" pageId="15" pageNumber="484">6</td>
<td id="76C2857FFF9D000D0619A0A1FDA1FE0D" box="[557,599,448,468]" gridcol="7" gridrow="3" pageId="15" pageNumber="484">0.09</td>
<td id="76C2857FFF9D000D0650A0A1FD67FE0D" box="[612,657,448,468]" gridcol="8" gridrow="3" pageId="15" pageNumber="484">0.94</td>
<td id="76C2857FFF9D000D0696A0A1FD46FE0D" box="[674,688,448,468]" gridcol="9" gridrow="3" pageId="15" pageNumber="484">–</td>
<td id="76C2857FFF9D000D06F7A0A1FD2DFE0D" box="[707,731,448,468]" gridcol="10" gridrow="3" pageId="15" pageNumber="484">–</td>
<td id="76C2857FFF9D000D06DDA0A1FCF7FE0D" box="[745,769,448,468]" gridcol="11" gridrow="3" pageId="15" pageNumber="484">–</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3513EC03FF9D000D04B2A082FCF7FDD6" box="[134,769,483,527]" gridrow="4" pageId="15" pageNumber="484">
<th id="76C2857FFF9D000D04B2A082FEE7FDD6" box="[134,273,483,527]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="15" pageNumber="484">
<emphasis id="B9573253FF9DFFFD04B2A082FEE6FE2E" box="[134,272,483,503]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="484">2023.PB.N142</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="76C2857FFF9D000D0512A082FEC8FDD6" box="[294,318,483,527]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="15" pageNumber="484">29 21</td>
<td id="76C2857FFF9D000D0565A082FE9FFDD6" box="[337,361,483,527]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="15" pageNumber="484">17 12</td>
<td id="76C2857FFF9D000D0542A082FE56FDD6" box="[374,416,483,527]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="15" pageNumber="484">0.58 0.57</td>
<td id="76C2857FFF9D000D059CA082FE34FDD6" box="[424,450,483,527]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="15" pageNumber="484">15 11</td>
<td id="76C2857FFF9D000D05FBA082FE0FFDD6" box="[463,505,483,527]" gridcol="5" gridrow="4" pageId="15" pageNumber="484">0.51 0.52</td>
<td id="76C2857FFF9D000D0634A082FDE8FDD6" box="[512,542,483,527]" gridcol="6" gridrow="4" pageId="15" pageNumber="484">3.5 2</td>
<td id="76C2857FFF9D000D0619A082FDA1FDD6" box="[557,599,483,527]" gridcol="7" gridrow="4" pageId="15" pageNumber="484">0.2 0.16</td>
<td id="76C2857FFF9D000D0650A082FD67FDD6" box="[612,657,483,527]" gridcol="8" gridrow="4" pageId="15" pageNumber="484">0.88 0.91</td>
<td id="76C2857FFF9D000D0696A082FD46FDD6" box="[674,688,483,527]" gridcol="9" gridrow="4" pageId="15" pageNumber="484">– –</td>
<td id="76C2857FFF9D000D06F7A082FD2DFDD6" box="[707,731,483,527]" gridcol="10" gridrow="4" pageId="15" pageNumber="484">– –</td>
<td id="76C2857FFF9D000D06DDA082FCF7FDD6" box="[745,769,483,527]" gridcol="11" gridrow="4" pageId="15" pageNumber="484">– –</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3513EC03FF9D000D04B2A37EFCF7FD92" box="[134,769,543,587]" gridrow="5" pageId="15" pageNumber="484">
<th id="76C2857FFF9D000D04B2A37EFEE7FD92" box="[134,273,543,587]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="15" pageNumber="484">
<emphasis id="B9573253FF9DFFFD04B2A37EFEE7FDEA" box="[134,273,543,563]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="484">2023.PB.N143</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="76C2857FFF9D000D0512A37EFEC8FD92" box="[294,318,543,587]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="15" pageNumber="484">21 14</td>
<td id="76C2857FFF9D000D0565A37EFE9FFD92" box="[337,361,543,587]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="15" pageNumber="484">12 8</td>
<td id="76C2857FFF9D000D0542A37EFE56FD92" box="[374,416,543,587]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="15" pageNumber="484">0.57 0.57</td>
<td id="76C2857FFF9D000D059CA37EFE34FD92" box="[424,450,543,587]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="15" pageNumber="484">11 7</td>
<td id="76C2857FFF9D000D05FBA37EFE0FFD92" box="[463,505,543,587]" gridcol="5" gridrow="5" pageId="15" pageNumber="484">0.52 0.5</td>
<td id="76C2857FFF9D000D0634A37EFDE8FD92" box="[512,542,543,587]" gridcol="6" gridrow="5" pageId="15" pageNumber="484">2.5 1.5</td>
<td id="76C2857FFF9D000D0619A37EFDA1FD92" box="[557,599,543,587]" gridcol="7" gridrow="5" pageId="15" pageNumber="484">0.13 0.1</td>
<td id="76C2857FFF9D000D0650A37EFD67FD92" box="[612,657,543,587]" gridcol="8" gridrow="5" pageId="15" pageNumber="484">0.91 0.87</td>
<td id="76C2857FFF9D000D0696A37EFD46FD92" box="[674,688,543,587]" gridcol="9" gridrow="5" pageId="15" pageNumber="484">– –</td>
<td id="76C2857FFF9D000D06F7A37EFD2DFD92" box="[707,731,543,587]" gridcol="10" gridrow="5" pageId="15" pageNumber="484">– –</td>
<td id="76C2857FFF9D000D06DDA37EFCF7FD92" box="[745,769,543,587]" gridcol="11" gridrow="5" pageId="15" pageNumber="484">– –</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<subSubSection id="C339BDCAFF9DFFFD04B0A3F7FD0BFCE9" pageId="15" pageNumber="484" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8B9CEE41FF9DFFFD04B0A3F7FF1EFD77" blockId="15.[131,775,662,816]" box="[132,232,662,688]" pageId="15" pageNumber="484">
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9CEE41FF9DFFFD04B0A3D4FD0BFCE9" blockId="15.[131,775,662,816]" pageId="15" pageNumber="484">
<taxonomicName id="4C2395C2FF9DFFFD04B0A3D4FE71FD16" authorityName="Branger" authorityYear="2024" box="[132,391,693,719]" class="Cephalopoda" family="Pseudonautilidae" genus="Pseudaganides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nautilida" pageId="15" pageNumber="484" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="crechensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9573253FF9DFFFD04B0A3D4FE71FD16" box="[132,391,693,719]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="484">Pseudaganides crechensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2648F28FF9DFFFD05A4A3D7FE38FD09" box="[400,462,694,720]" pageId="15" pageNumber="484" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
presents the same size than
<taxonomicName id="4C2395C2FF9DFFFD04B2A3B4FE73FD36" authorityName="Branger" authorityYear="2024" box="[134,389,725,751]" class="Cephalopoda" family="Pseudonautilidae" genus="Pseudaganides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nautilida" pageId="15" pageNumber="484" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="buffeventi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9573253FF9DFFFD04B2A3B4FE73FD36" box="[134,389,725,751]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="484">Pseudaganides buffeventi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2648F28FF9DFFFD05B3A3B7FE37FD29" box="[391,449,726,752]" pageId="15" pageNumber="484" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
The two species differs mainly from their umbilicus that is open on
<taxonomicName id="4C2395C2FF9DFFFD0639A394FCF1FCD6" authorityName="Branger" authorityYear="2024" box="[525,775,757,783]" class="Cephalopoda" family="Pseudonautilidae" genus="Pseudaganides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nautilida" pageId="15" pageNumber="484" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="crechensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9573253FF9DFFFD0639A394FCF1FCD6" box="[525,775,757,783]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="484">Pseudaganides crechensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2648F28FF9DFFFD04B0A277FF49FCE9" box="[132,191,790,816]" pageId="15" pageNumber="484" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
whereas it is closed on
<taxonomicName id="4C2395C2FF9DFFFD0588A274FD4DFCF6" authorityName="Branger" authorityYear="2024" box="[444,699,789,815]" class="Cephalopoda" family="Pseudonautilidae" genus="Pseudaganides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nautilida" pageId="15" pageNumber="484" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="buffeventi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9573253FF9DFFFD0588A274FD4DFCF6" box="[444,699,789,815]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="484">Pseudaganides buffeventi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2648F28FF9DFFFD06F6A277FD0BFCE9" box="[706,765,790,816]" pageId="15" pageNumber="484" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
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</treatment>
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424
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<emphasis id="B9573253FF9DFFFD0488A217FDF7FC49" bold="true" box="[188,513,886,912]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="484">Pseudaganides subbiangulatus</emphasis>
(d’Orbigny, 1850)
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(
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; 14A; 15A1-A3)
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C339BDCAFF9DFFFD04B0A2ADFD9DFAC3" pageId="15" pageNumber="484" type="reference_group">
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<taxonomicName id="4C2395C2FF9DFFFD04B0A2ADFDB0FC3D" authority="d'Orbigny, 1850: 296" authorityName="d'Orbigny" authorityPageNumber="296" authorityYear="1850" box="[132,582,972,996]" class="Cephalopoda" family="Nautilidae" genus="Nautilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nautilida" pageId="15" pageNumber="484" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="subbiangulatus">
<emphasis id="B9573253FF9DFFFD04B0A2ADFE9EFC3D" box="[132,360,972,996]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="484">Nautilus subbiangulatus</emphasis>
d’Orbigny, 1850: 296
</taxonomicName>
, n°2.
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<taxonomicName id="4C2395C2FF9DFFFD04B0A29BFDD1FBCB" authority="d'Orbigny, 1842: 160" authorityName="d'Orbigny" authorityPageNumber="160" authorityYear="1842" box="[132,551,1018,1042]" class="Cephalopoda" family="Nautilidae" genus="Nautilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nautilida" pageId="15" pageNumber="484" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="biangulatus">
<emphasis id="B9573253FF9DFFFD04B0A29BFEBFFBCB" box="[132,329,1018,1042]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="484">Nautilus biangulatus</emphasis>
d’Orbigny, 1842: 160
</taxonomicName>
, pl.134, fig. 1-3.
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?
<taxonomicName id="4C2395C2FF9DFFFD04B8A549FD3DFB99" authority="Hebert &amp; Eudes-Deslongchamps, 1860: 5" authorityName="Hebert &amp; Eudes-Deslongchamps" authorityPageNumber="5" authorityYear="1860" box="[140,715,1064,1089]" class="Cephalopoda" family="Nautilidae" genus="Nautilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nautilida" pageId="15" pageNumber="484" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="textilis">
<emphasis id="B9573253FF9DFFFD04B8A549FED4FB99" box="[140,290,1064,1088]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="484">Nautilus textilis</emphasis>
Hébert &amp; Eudes-Deslongchamps, 1860: 5
</taxonomicName>
, pl. I, fig. 1a-c.
</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="B9573253FF9DFFFD04B0A510FE69FB50" box="[132,415,1137,1161]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="484">Pseudaganides subbiangulatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
–
<treatmentCitation id="0A82C850FF9DFFFD058AA510FCF4FB50" author="MARCHAND D. &amp; TINTANT H." box="[446,770,1137,1161]" page="146" pageId="15" pageNumber="484" year="1971">
<bibRefCitation id="EFB293B0FF9DFFFD058AA510FCF4FB50" author="MARCHAND D. &amp; TINTANT H." box="[446,770,1137,1161]" pageId="15" pageNumber="484" pagination="111 - 169" refId="ref15635" refString="MARCHAND D. &amp; TINTANT H. 1971. - Etudes statistiques sur Pseudaganides aganiticus (Schlotheim) et diverses especes voisines. Bulletin des Sciences de Bourgogne 28: 111 - 169." type="journal article" year="1971">Marchand &amp; Tintant 1971: 146</bibRefCitation>
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, pl. IV, 1a, b. —
<treatmentCitation id="0A82C850FF9DFFFD0516A5EAFE38FB7A" author="TINTANT H." box="[290,462,1163,1188]" page="35" pageId="15" pageNumber="484" year="1994">
<bibRefCitation id="EFB293B0FF9DFFFD0516A5EAFE38FB7A" author="TINTANT H." box="[290,462,1163,1188]" pageId="15" pageNumber="484" pagination="35 - 36" refId="ref16254" refString="TINTANT H. 1994. - Pseudaganides subbiangulatus (d'Orbigny, 1850), in FISCHER J. - C. (ed.), Revision critique de la Paleontologie francaise d'Alcide d'Orbigny. Vol. 1. Cephalopodes jurassiques. Masson, Paris: 35 - 36." type="book chapter" year="1994">Tintant 1994: 35</bibRefCitation>
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, pl. 8, fig. 5.
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9CEE41FF9DFFFD04B0A5DBFCF6FB0B" blockId="15.[132,768,1209,1234]" box="[132,768,1209,1234]" pageId="15" pageNumber="484">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB33C96FFF9DFFFD04B0A5DBFCF6FB0B" box="[132,768,1209,1234]" pageId="15" pageNumber="484">
<taxonomicName id="4C2395C2FF9DFFFD04B0A5DBFE79FB08" baseAuthorityName="Schlotheim" baseAuthorityYear="1820" box="[132,399,1210,1234]" class="Cephalopoda" family="Pseudonautilidae" genus="Pseudaganides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" isUncertain="true" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nautilida" pageId="15" pageNumber="484" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="aganaticus">
<emphasis id="B9573253FF9DFFFD04B0A5DBFEFFFB0B" box="[132,265,1210,1234]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="484">Pseudaganides</emphasis>
cf.
<emphasis id="B9573253FF9DFFFD0519A5DBFE79FB08" box="[301,399,1210,1233]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="484">aganaticus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
–
<treatmentCitation id="0A82C850FF9DFFFD059CA5DBFDA2FB08" author="RULLEAU L." box="[424,596,1209,1234]" page="55" pageId="15" pageNumber="484" year="2008">
<bibRefCitation id="EFB293B0FF9DFFFD059CA5DBFDA2FB08" author="RULLEAU L." box="[424,596,1209,1234]" pageId="15" pageNumber="484" refId="ref15752" refString="RULLEAU L. 2008. - Les nautiles du Lias et du Dogger de la region lyonnaise. Section Geo-Paleo. Comite d'Etablissement Lafarge Ciments, 149 p., 35 pls." type="book" year="2008">Rulleau 2008: 55</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, pl. 35, fig. 2a, b.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9CEE41FF9DFFFD04B0A589FD9DFAC3" blockId="15.[131,775,1256,1306]" pageId="15" pageNumber="484">
<emphasis id="B9573253FF9DFFFD04B0A589FE4BFAD9" box="[132,445,1256,1280]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="484">
non
<taxonomicName id="4C2395C2FF9DFFFD0498A589FE4BFAD9" baseAuthorityName="d'Orbigny" baseAuthorityYear="1850" box="[172,445,1256,1280]" class="Cephalopoda" family="Pseudonautilidae" genus="Pseudaganides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nautilida" pageId="15" pageNumber="484" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="subbiangulatus">Pseudaganides subbiangulatus</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
– Courville 2013: 66, pl. 1, fig. 2a, 2b (synonym of
<taxonomicName id="4C2395C2FF9DFFFD0512A462FE55FAC3" box="[294,419,1283,1306]" class="Cephalopoda" family="Nautilidae" genus="Cenoceras" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nautilida" pageId="15" pageNumber="484" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B9573253FF9DFFFD0512A462FE77FAC3" box="[294,385,1283,1306]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="484">Cenoceras</emphasis>
sp.
</taxonomicName>
or
<taxonomicName id="4C2395C2FF9DFFFD05F7A462FD92FAC3" box="[451,612,1282,1306]" class="Cephalopoda" family="Paracenoceratidae" genus="Paracenoceras" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nautilida" pageId="15" pageNumber="484" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B9573253FF9DFFFD05F7A462FDB7FAC3" box="[451,577,1283,1306]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="484">Paracenoceras</emphasis>
sp.
</taxonomicName>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C339BDCAFF9DFFFD04B0A450FD8DFA41" pageId="15" pageNumber="484" type="diagnosis">
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.
<emphasis id="B9573253FF9DFFFD04CFA450FEE2FA91" box="[251,276,1329,1352]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="484">—</emphasis>
Large sized nautilus for the genus, compressed subrectangular section with a flattened venter, becoming concave and boarded by angular margins on the body-chamber. Suture line with a deep lateral lobe followed by a wide lateral saddle.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C339BDCAFF9DFFFD04B0A4CFFCF1F864" pageId="15" pageNumber="484" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8B9CEE41FF9DFFFD04B0A4CFFCF1F864" blockId="15.[131,777,1454,1981]" pageId="15" pageNumber="484">
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<collectionCode id="ED327684FF9DFFFD04B0A4CFFF1CFA1D" box="[132,234,1454,1477]" pageId="15" pageNumber="484">MATERIAL</collectionCode>
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<collectionCode id="ED327684FF9DFFFD04C6A4D2FEAEFA1D" box="[242,344,1459,1476]" pageId="15" pageNumber="484">EXAMINED</collectionCode>
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. —
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<emphasis id="B9573253FF9DFFFD05BFA4CFFE38FA1F" bold="true" box="[395,462,1454,1478]" pageId="15" pageNumber="484">
<collectingCountry id="F334AED1FF9DFFFD05BFA4CFFE38FA1F" box="[395,462,1454,1478]" name="France" pageId="15" pageNumber="484">France</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
•
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(near complete); Nouvelle-Aquitaine, Pamproux (
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0015); [
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,
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];
<taxonomicName id="4C2395C2FF9DFFFD04B0A482FF0BFA23" authority="Zone" authorityName="Zone" box="[132,253,1507,1530]" class="Gastropoda" family="Patellidae" genus="Patina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Archaeogastropoda" pageId="15" pageNumber="484" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9573253FF9DFFFD04B0A482FF34FA23" box="[132,194,1507,1530]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="484">Patina</emphasis>
Zone
</taxonomicName>
; Patrick Branger leg.;
<collectionCode id="ED327684FF9DFFFD05F9A482FDECFA22" box="[461,538,1507,1531]" pageId="15" pageNumber="484">MBAN</collectionCode>
;
<emphasis id="B9573253FF9DFFFD0615A482FD5EFA22" box="[545,680,1507,1531]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="484">2023.PB.N73</emphasis>
•
</materialsCitation>
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(near complete); Nouvelle-Aquitaine, Limalonges, les Maisons-Blanches; [
<geoCoordinate id="EE178886FF9DFFFD04DAA776FE91F9F6" box="[238,359,1559,1583]" degrees="46" direction="north" minutes="08" orientation="latitude" pageId="15" pageNumber="484" precision="15" seconds="15" value="46.1375">46°08’15”N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE178886FF9DFFFD0544A779FE20F9E9" box="[368,470,1560,1584]" degrees="0" direction="east" minutes="10" orientation="longitude" pageId="15" pageNumber="484" precision="15" seconds="28" value="0.17444445">0°10’28”E</geoCoordinate>
]; Zone?; Age?; Patrick Branger leg.;
<collectionCode id="ED327684FF9DFFFD049AA753FF0CF993" box="[174,250,1586,1610]" pageId="15" pageNumber="484">MBAN</collectionCode>
;
<emphasis id="B9573253FF9DFFFD0536A753FE71F993" box="[258,391,1586,1610]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="484">2023.PB.N74</emphasis>
•
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="3B4BE41CFF9DFFFD05AFA753FDA1F945" latitude="46.355" longitude="-0.053055555" pageId="15" pageNumber="484">
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(near complete); Nouvelle-Aquitaine, Bougon; [
<geoCoordinate id="EE178886FF9DFFFD057CA72DFE48F9BD" box="[328,446,1612,1636]" degrees="46" direction="north" minutes="21" orientation="latitude" pageId="15" pageNumber="484" precision="15" seconds="18" value="46.355">46°21’18”N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE178886FF9DFFFD05F2A72CFDC4F9BC" box="[454,562,1613,1637]" degrees="0" direction="west" minutes="03" orientation="longitude" pageId="15" pageNumber="484" precision="15" seconds="11" value="-0.053055555">0°03’11”W</geoCoordinate>
];
<taxonomicName id="4C2395C2FF9DFFFD0671A72DFD35F9BD" authority="Zone" authorityName="Zone" box="[581,707,1612,1636]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cactaceae" genus="Gracilis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="15" pageNumber="484" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9573253FF9DFFFD0671A72DFD7CF9BD" box="[581,650,1612,1636]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="484">Gracilis</emphasis>
Zone
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C2395C2FF9DFFFD06FDA72CFE50F9A6" authority="Subzone, Boginense Horizon" authorityName="Subzone, Boginense Horizon" class="Gastropoda" family="Patellidae" genus="Patina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Archaeogastropoda" pageId="15" pageNumber="484" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9573253FF9DFFFD06FDA72CFCF3F9BD" box="[713,773,1613,1636]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="484">Patina</emphasis>
Subzone,
<emphasis id="B9573253FF9DFFFD04DCA709FEB0F9A6" box="[232,326,1640,1663]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="484">Boginense</emphasis>
Horizon
</taxonomicName>
; Lower Callovian; Patrick Branger leg.;
<collectionCode id="ED327684FF9DFFFD0482A7E3FEF5F943" box="[182,259,1666,1690]" pageId="15" pageNumber="484">MBAN</collectionCode>
;
<emphasis id="B9573253FF9DFFFD0538A7E3FE57F943" box="[268,417,1666,1690]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="484">2023.PB.N110</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="1318F2C4FF9DFFFD0584A7E0FDFDF943" box="[432,523,1665,1690]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="17.[132,142,1917,1934]" captionTargetBox="[223,1365,215,1878]" captionTargetId="figure-19@17.[792,1366,768,1324]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIG. 13. — A, Antaganides cf. erycinus (Tagliarini, 1901), n. comb., specimen 2023.PB.N129, with its preserved muscle scar, Niort, Upper Bajocian, Niortense Zone; B, Antaganides cf.erycinus (Tagliarini,1901),n.comb.,specimen 2023.PB.N148, with its siphuncle,viaduc de l’Égray,Upper Bajocian,Niortense Zone;C, Pseudaganides crechensis n. sp.,specimen 2023.PB.N143, newly hatched shell showing its reticulate ornamentation on the phragmocon;D1-D3, Pseudaganides subbiangulatus (d’Orbigny,1850),specimen 2023.PB.N110, full grown shell with itswell preserved aperture,Bougon,Lower Callovian,Gracilis Zone,Patina Subzone,Boginense Horizon; E1-E3, Pseudaganides subbiangulatus, specimen 2023.PB.N112, Niort,Middle Callovian,Anceps Zone,Stuebeli Subzone.*, end of the phragmocone.Scale bars:1 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13884463" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13884463/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="484">Fig. 13D</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="1318F2C4FF9DFFFD063FA7E3FDC4F943" box="[523,562,1666,1690]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="4.[132,143,1359,1376]" captionTargetBox="[429,1158,216,1328]" captionTargetId="figure-307@4.[432,1157,216,1327]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIG. 1. — Geographical map reporting the position of the localities that provided specimens of Antaganides n. gen.and Pseudaganides Spath,1927: 1, Buffevent quarry;2, Niort; 3, Aiffres; 4, Trotte-buie quarry; 5, A83 highway trench at Viaduc de l’Égray; 6, Les Lucs (Échiré); 7, Chaban-de-Chauray; 8, La Crèche; 9, Salles; 10, Bougon; 11, Les Hauts-de-Rochefort quarry; 12, Les Maisons-Blanches; 13, La Grève quarry near Saint-Laon; 14, Montreuil-Bellay." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13884435" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13884435/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="484">1-D</figureCitation>
3) •
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="3B4BE41CFF9DFFFD066BA7E3FD7EF932" latitude="46.306942" longitude="-0.46166664" pageId="15" pageNumber="484">
<specimenCount id="9D2525C8FF9DFFFD066BA7E3FD3BF940" box="[607,717,1665,1690]" count="1" pageId="15" pageNumber="484" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
(near complete); Nouvelle-Aquitaine, Niort; [
<geoCoordinate id="EE178886FF9DFFFD0631A7FDFD89F96D" box="[517,639,1692,1716]" degrees="46" direction="north" minutes="18" orientation="latitude" pageId="15" pageNumber="484" precision="15" seconds="25" value="46.306942">46°18’25”N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE178886FF9DFFFD06BCA7FDFD0EF96D" box="[648,760,1692,1716]" degrees="0" direction="west" minutes="27" orientation="longitude" pageId="15" pageNumber="484" precision="15" seconds="42" value="-0.46166664">0°27’42”W</geoCoordinate>
];
<taxonomicName id="4C2395C2FF9DFFFD04B0A7D6FE45F917" authority="Zone, Stuebeli Subzone" authorityName="Zone, Stuebeli Subzone" box="[132,435,1718,1742]" class="Gastropoda" family="Trochidae" genus="Anceps" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trochida" pageId="15" pageNumber="484" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9573253FF9DFFFD04B0A7D6FF35F917" box="[132,195,1719,1742]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="484">Anceps</emphasis>
Zone,
<emphasis id="B9573253FF9DFFFD0538A7D7FEA0F917" box="[268,342,1718,1742]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="484">Stuebeli</emphasis>
Subzone
</taxonomicName>
; Middle Callovian; Patrick Branger leg.;
<collectionCode id="ED327684FF9DFFFD04E0A7B0FED2F930" box="[212,292,1745,1769]" pageId="15" pageNumber="484">MBAN</collectionCode>
;
<emphasis id="B9573253FF9DFFFD0507A7B0FE26F930" box="[307,464,1745,1769]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="484">2023.PB.N112</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="1318F2C4FF9DFFFD05EBA7B0FDCBF930" box="[479,573,1745,1769]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="17.[132,142,1917,1934]" captionTargetBox="[223,1365,215,1878]" captionTargetId="figure-19@17.[792,1366,768,1324]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIG. 13. — A, Antaganides cf. erycinus (Tagliarini, 1901), n. comb., specimen 2023.PB.N129, with its preserved muscle scar, Niort, Upper Bajocian, Niortense Zone; B, Antaganides cf.erycinus (Tagliarini,1901),n.comb.,specimen 2023.PB.N148, with its siphuncle,viaduc de l’Égray,Upper Bajocian,Niortense Zone;C, Pseudaganides crechensis n. sp.,specimen 2023.PB.N143, newly hatched shell showing its reticulate ornamentation on the phragmocon;D1-D3, Pseudaganides subbiangulatus (d’Orbigny,1850),specimen 2023.PB.N110, full grown shell with itswell preserved aperture,Bougon,Lower Callovian,Gracilis Zone,Patina Subzone,Boginense Horizon; E1-E3, Pseudaganides subbiangulatus, specimen 2023.PB.N112, Niort,Middle Callovian,Anceps Zone,Stuebeli Subzone.*, end of the phragmocone.Scale bars:1 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13884463" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13884463/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="484">Fig. 13E</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="1318F2C4FF9DFFFD0609A7B0FD97F930" box="[573,609,1745,1769]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="4.[132,143,1359,1376]" captionTargetBox="[429,1158,216,1328]" captionTargetId="figure-307@4.[432,1157,216,1327]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIG. 1. — Geographical map reporting the position of the localities that provided specimens of Antaganides n. gen.and Pseudaganides Spath,1927: 1, Buffevent quarry;2, Niort; 3, Aiffres; 4, Trotte-buie quarry; 5, A83 highway trench at Viaduc de l’Égray; 6, Les Lucs (Échiré); 7, Chaban-de-Chauray; 8, La Crèche; 9, Salles; 10, Bougon; 11, Les Hauts-de-Rochefort quarry; 12, Les Maisons-Blanches; 13, La Grève quarry near Saint-Laon; 14, Montreuil-Bellay." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13884435" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13884435/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="484">1-E</figureCitation>
3) •
</materialsCitation>
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(near complete); Nouvelle-Aquitaine, Saint-Laon, la Grève quarry (
<collectionCode id="ED327684FF9DFFFD04B9A667FF35F8C7" box="[141,195,1798,1822]" pageId="15" pageNumber="484">POC</collectionCode>
0051); [
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,
<geoCoordinate id="EE178886FF9DFFFD0597A667FDE0F8C7" box="[419,534,1798,1822]" degrees="0" direction="west" minutes="01" orientation="longitude" pageId="15" pageNumber="484" precision="15" seconds="38" value="-0.027222224">0°01’38”W</geoCoordinate>
];
<taxonomicName id="4C2395C2FF9DFFFD061BA667FD46F8C4" authority="Zone" authorityName="Zone" box="[559,688,1798,1821]" class="Gastropoda" family="Trochidae" genus="Anceps" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trochida" pageId="15" pageNumber="484" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9573253FF9DFFFD061BA667FD86F8C4" box="[559,624,1798,1821]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="484">Anceps</emphasis>
Zone
</taxonomicName>
; Middle Callovian; Patrick Branger leg.;
<collectionCode id="ED327684FF9DFFFD0584A641FE0AF8E1" box="[432,508,1824,1848]" pageId="15" pageNumber="484">MBAN</collectionCode>
;
<emphasis id="B9573253FF9DFFFD0634A641FD65F8E1" box="[512,659,1824,1848]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="484">2023.PB.N144</emphasis>
(Fig. 14A1- A3) •
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="3B4BE41CFF9DFFFD04F6A65AFEDBF853" latitude="46.352222" longitude="-0.29944444" pageId="15" pageNumber="484">
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(near complete); Nouvelle-Aquitaine, Chauray, Chaban; [
<geoCoordinate id="EE178886FF9DFFFD04D1A634FEA9F8B4" box="[229,351,1877,1901]" degrees="46" direction="north" minutes="21" orientation="latitude" pageId="15" pageNumber="484" precision="15" seconds="08" value="46.352222">46°21’08”N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE178886FF9DFFFD055DA634FE2FF8B4" box="[361,473,1877,1901]" degrees="0" direction="west" minutes="17" orientation="longitude" pageId="15" pageNumber="484" precision="15" seconds="58" value="-0.29944444">0°17’58”W</geoCoordinate>
]; Patrick Branger leg.;
<collectionCode id="ED327684FF9DFFFD0682A634FCF5F8B4" box="[694,771,1877,1901]" pageId="15" pageNumber="484">MBAN</collectionCode>
;
<emphasis id="B9573253FF9DFFFD04B7A611FEE1F851" box="[131,279,1904,1928]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="484">2023.PB.N149</emphasis>
; •
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="3B4BE41CFF9DFFFD0505A611FCF1F864" latitude="46.352222" longitude="-0.29944444" pageId="15" pageNumber="484">
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(near complete); Nouvelle-Aquitaine, La Crèche; [
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,
<geoCoordinate id="EE178886FF9DFFFD054FA6EBFE1DF87B" box="[379,491,1930,1954]" degrees="0" direction="west" minutes="17" orientation="longitude" pageId="15" pageNumber="484" precision="15" seconds="58" value="-0.29944444">0°17’58”W</geoCoordinate>
];
<taxonomicName id="4C2395C2FF9DFFFD05CAA6EBFD76F878" authority="Zone" authorityName="Zone" box="[510,640,1930,1954]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cactaceae" genus="Gracilis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="15" pageNumber="484" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9573253FF9DFFFD05CAA6EBFDB0F87B" box="[510,582,1930,1954]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="484">Gracilis</emphasis>
Zone
</taxonomicName>
; Lower Callovian; Patrick Branger leg.;
<collectionCode id="ED327684FF9DFFFD054BA6C4FE3AF864" box="[383,460,1957,1981]" pageId="15" pageNumber="484">MBAN</collectionCode>
;
<emphasis id="B9573253FF9DFFFD05E6A6C4FD91F864" box="[466,615,1957,1981]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="484">2023.PB.N155</emphasis>
(Fig. 15A1-A3).
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C339BDCAFF9DFFFD04B0A6B2FBB3FC37" pageId="15" pageNumber="484" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B9CEE41FF9DFFFD04B0A6B2FE34F833" blockId="15.[132,450,2002,2027]" box="[132,450,2002,2027]" pageId="15" pageNumber="484">
<smallCapsWord id="8D7A789DFF9DFFFD04B0A6B2FED4F830" baselines="2020,2021" box="[132,290,2003,2026]" lowerCaseFontSize="7" mainFontSize="10" normCase="title" normString="Measurements" pageId="15" pageNumber="484">MEASUREMENTS</smallCapsWord>
.
<emphasis id="B9573253FF9DFFFD051BA6B2FEBEF833" box="[303,328,2003,2026]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="484">—</emphasis>
See
<tableCitation id="C6A1DBFAFF9DFFFD0540A6B3FE34F833" box="[372,450,2002,2027]" captionStart="TABLE" captionStartId="18.[813,824,219,236]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="TABLE 8. — Measurements (D, H, W, U, P, L, in mm) for Pseudaganides subbiangulatus (d’Orbigny, 1850)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF5CBEC9FF80FFE00719A1BAFBDEFEDA" pageId="15" pageNumber="484" tableUuid="DF5CBEC9FF80FFE00719A1BAFBDEFEDA">Table 8.</tableCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9CEE41FF9DFFFD0719A1B9FC4BFF29" blockId="15.[811,1458,216,1007]" box="[813,957,216,242]" pageId="15" pageNumber="484">
<smallCapsWord id="8D7A789DFF9DFFFD0719A1B9FC4BFF29" baselines="235,235" box="[813,957,216,242]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="11" normCase="title" normString="Description" pageId="15" pageNumber="484">DESCRIPTION</smallCapsWord>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9CEE41FF9DFFFD0719A196FBBAFD36" blockId="15.[811,1458,216,1007]" pageId="15" pageNumber="484">
The
<typeStatus id="549850E3FF9DFFFD0754A196FC30FEC8" box="[864,966,247,273]" pageId="15" pageNumber="484" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
(MNHN.F.R54480, d’Orbigny collection n°2593 B, stored at the Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, in Paris) has been revised by
<bibRefCitation id="EFB293B0FF9DFFFD007BA056FA5DFE88" author="MARCHAND D. &amp; TINTANT H." box="[1103,1451,311,337]" pageId="15" pageNumber="484" pagination="111 - 169" refId="ref15635" refString="MARCHAND D. &amp; TINTANT H. 1971. - Etudes statistiques sur Pseudaganides aganiticus (Schlotheim) et diverses especes voisines. Bulletin des Sciences de Bourgogne 28: 111 - 169." type="journal article" year="1971">Marchand &amp; Tintant (1971: 142</bibRefCitation>
, pl. IV, 1a, b). It consists in a large sized specimen (
<quantity id="4CDB43A4FF9DFFFD0113A036FA75FEA8" box="[1319,1411,343,369]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3599999999999999" pageId="15" pageNumber="484" unit="mm" value="136.0">136 mm</quantity>
) for the genus
<taxonomicName id="4C2395C2FF9DFFFD07A1A016FBD1FE48" authorityName="Spath" authorityYear="1927" box="[917,1063,375,401]" class="Cephalopoda" family="Pseudonautilidae" genus="Pseudaganides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nautilida" pageId="15" pageNumber="484" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9573253FF9DFFFD07A1A016FBD1FE48" box="[917,1063,375,401]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="484">Pseudaganides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, well preserved, just a little distorted. The body-chamber is not complete. The umbilicus is rather narrow (
<figureCitation id="1318F2C4FF9DFFFD07BDA0D7FC30FE08" box="[905,966,438,465]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="9.[132,143,883,900]" captionTargetBox="[139,1451,215,843]" captionTargetId="graphics-190@9.[139,1451,215,843]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIG. 7. — Ratio “u” of the umbilical width compared with the diameter of the shell (U/D) among the different species of Antaganides n. gen. and Pseudaganides Spath, 1927." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13884447" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13884447/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="484">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
) with an oblique umbilical wall. Its section is higher than wide, flanks are rounded with a maximum width at about one third of the height. The upper part of the flanks is slightly depressed at the end of the phragmocone and it is separated from the venter by a smooth but well-marked ridge. The flanks of the body-chamber are more rounded. The ventral area is narrow, convex on the phragmocone, slightly concave on the body-chamber. Suture line (
<figureCitation id="1318F2C4FF9DFFFD0125A3F7FA7BFD69" box="[1297,1421,662,688]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="7.[132,143,1019,1036]" captionTargetBox="[226,1361,215,976]" captionTargetId="figure-370@7.[227,1361,215,975]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIG. 4. — Suture lines of Antaganides n. gen. and Pseudaganides Spath, 1927: A, Antaganides cf. erycinus (Tagliarini,1901), n. comb., 2023.PB.N117; B, Antaganides sauvageti n. gen., n. sp. 2023.PB.N64; C, Antaganides fournieri n. gen., n. sp., 2023.PB.N105; D, Pseudaganides aquitanense n. sp., 2023.PB.N96; E, Pseudaganides buffeventin. sp.,2023.PB.N76; F, Pseudaganides crechensisn. sp., 2023.PB.N107; G, Pseudaganides subbiangulatus (d’Orbigny,1850),2023. PB.N73, Patina Zone; H, Pseudaganides subbiangulatus, 2023.PB.N112, Anceps Zone." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13884439" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13884439/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="484">Fig. 4G, H</figureCitation>
) is very sinuous with a wide and deep lateral lobe (P/L = 0.55) and a shallow ventral lobe.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9CEE41FF9DFFFD0777A397FBB3FC37" blockId="15.[811,1458,216,1007]" pageId="15" pageNumber="484">
Among our
<specimenCount id="9D2525C8FF9DFFFD07F6A397FB87FCD6" box="[962,1137,757,784]" count="7" pageId="15" pageNumber="484" type="generic">seven specimens</specimenCount>
, six are a little smaller than the
<typeStatus id="549850E3FF9DFFFD071FA274FC7BFCF6" box="[811,909,789,815]" pageId="15" pageNumber="484" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
(measurements from
<bibRefCitation id="EFB293B0FF9DFFFD0041A274FA56FCF6" author="MARCHAND D. &amp; TINTANT H." box="[1141,1440,789,815]" pageId="15" pageNumber="484" pagination="111 - 169" refId="ref15635" refString="MARCHAND D. &amp; TINTANT H. 1971. - Etudes statistiques sur Pseudaganides aganiticus (Schlotheim) et diverses especes voisines. Bulletin des Sciences de Bourgogne 28: 111 - 169." type="journal article" year="1971">Marchand &amp; Tintant, 1971</bibRefCitation>
), the maximum diameter observed is
<quantity id="4CDB43A4FF9DFFFD0093A254FAF3FC89" box="[1191,1285,821,848]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1099999999999999" pageId="15" pageNumber="484" unit="mm" value="111.0">111 mm</quantity>
, but their shape and septa fit perfectly with the diagnosis of
<taxonomicName id="4C2395C2FF9DFFFD00C1A237FA51FCB6" baseAuthorityName="d'Orbigny" baseAuthorityYear="1850" box="[1269,1447,853,879]" class="Cephalopoda" family="Pseudonautilidae" genus="Pseudaganides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nautilida" pageId="15" pageNumber="484" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="subbiangulatus">
<emphasis id="B9573253FF9DFFFD00C1A237FA51FCB6" box="[1269,1447,853,879]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="484">P. subbiangulatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The sample from the collection of the École des Mines figured by
<bibRefCitation id="EFB293B0FF9DFFFD0779A2F4FC06FC76" author="RULLEAU L." box="[845,1008,917,943]" pageId="15" pageNumber="484" refId="ref15752" refString="RULLEAU L. 2008. - Les nautiles du Lias et du Dogger de la region lyonnaise. Section Geo-Paleo. Comite d'Etablissement Lafarge Ciments, 149 p., 35 pls." type="book" year="2008">Rulleau (2008)</bibRefCitation>
also belong to the same species. Only
<specimenCount id="9D2525C8FF9DFFFD01BCA2F4FC67FC16" count="1" pageId="15" pageNumber="484" type="generic">one specimen</specimenCount>
,
<emphasis id="B9573253FF9DFFFD07AEA2D4FBCCFC16" box="[922,1082,949,975]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="484">2023.PB.N155</emphasis>
(Fig. 15A1-A3), although distorted, is as large as the
<typeStatus id="549850E3FF9DFFFD07E8A2B5FBB7FC37" box="[988,1089,980,1006]" pageId="15" pageNumber="484" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C339BDCAFF9DFFFD0719A574FC25F832" pageId="15" pageNumber="484" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8B9CEE41FF9DFFFD0719A574FC67FBF4" blockId="15.[811,1457,1045,2027]" box="[813,913,1045,1071]" pageId="15" pageNumber="484">
<smallCapsWord id="8D7A789DFF9DFFFD0719A574FC67FBF4" baselines="1064,1064" box="[813,913,1045,1071]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="11" normCase="title" normString="Remarks" pageId="15" pageNumber="484">REMARKS</smallCapsWord>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9CEE41FF9DFFFD0719A555FBB7F9F5" blockId="15.[811,1457,1045,2027]" pageId="15" pageNumber="484">
<taxonomicName id="4C2395C2FF9DFFFD0719A555FBA9FB97" baseAuthorityName="d'Orbigny" baseAuthorityYear="1850" box="[813,1119,1076,1102]" class="Cephalopoda" family="Pseudonautilidae" genus="Pseudaganides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nautilida" pageId="15" pageNumber="484" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="subbiangulatus">
<emphasis id="B9573253FF9DFFFD0719A555FBA9FB97" box="[813,1119,1076,1102]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="484">Pseudaganides subbiangulatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is the largest
<taxonomicName id="4C2395C2FF9DFFFD00DEA555FCA5FBB7" pageId="15" pageNumber="484">
<emphasis id="B9573253FF9DFFFD00DEA555FA8AFB97" box="[1258,1404,1076,1102]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="484">Pseudaganides</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="1318F2C4FF9DFFFD0755A535FC5DFBB7" box="[865,939,1108,1134]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="10.[132,143,1605,1622]" captionTargetBox="[208,1379,955,1567]" captionTargetId="graphics-542@10.[246,1222,963,1480]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIG. 10. — Evolution of the size of the adult shell and phragmocone among the different species of Antaganides n. gen. and Pseudaganides Spath, 1927 for full grown shells." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13884455" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13884455/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="484">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
). When
<bibRefCitation id="EFB293B0FF9DFFFD0031A535FAC2FBB7" author="MARCHAND D. &amp; TINTANT H." box="[1029,1332,1108,1134]" pageId="15" pageNumber="484" pagination="111 - 169" refId="ref15635" refString="MARCHAND D. &amp; TINTANT H. 1971. - Etudes statistiques sur Pseudaganides aganiticus (Schlotheim) et diverses especes voisines. Bulletin des Sciences de Bourgogne 28: 111 - 169." type="journal article" year="1971">Marchand &amp;Tintant (1971)</bibRefCitation>
wrote their revision, they considered that among d’Orbigny’s material only
<specimenCount id="9D2525C8FF9DFFFD0751A5F5FC0FFB77" box="[869,1017,1172,1198]" count="1" pageId="15" pageNumber="484" type="generic">one specimen</specimenCount>
was fitting perfectly to the
<typeStatus id="549850E3FF9DFFFD0116A5F5FAA2FB77" box="[1314,1364,1172,1198]" pageId="15" pageNumber="484">type</typeStatus>
. Following his stratigraphical placement, they restricted the species to large specimens of Upper Bathonian age. The samples clearly show that all these former stratigraphic attributions are probably erroneous. Some smaller, below
<quantity id="4CDB43A4FF9DFFFD011DA475FA8BFAF7" box="[1321,1405,1300,1326]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="15" pageNumber="484" unit="mm" value="80.0">80 mm</quantity>
, but very similar
<taxonomicName id="4C2395C2FF9DFFFD0783A452FBBDFA94" authorityName="Spath" authorityYear="1927" box="[951,1099,1331,1357]" class="Cephalopoda" family="Pseudonautilidae" genus="Pseudaganides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nautilida" pageId="15" pageNumber="484" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9573253FF9DFFFD0783A452FBBDFA94" box="[951,1099,1331,1357]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="484">Pseudaganides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
of Lower and Middle Callovian age were described by
<bibRefCitation id="EFB293B0FF9DFFFD001EA432FAA9FAB4" author="MARCHAND D. &amp; TINTANT H." box="[1066,1375,1363,1389]" pageId="15" pageNumber="484" pagination="111 - 169" refId="ref15635" refString="MARCHAND D. &amp; TINTANT H. 1971. - Etudes statistiques sur Pseudaganides aganiticus (Schlotheim) et diverses especes voisines. Bulletin des Sciences de Bourgogne 28: 111 - 169." type="journal article" year="1971">Marchand &amp; Tintant (1971</bibRefCitation>
: pl. II, fig. 1a-b-c, fig. III, pl. 6) as a new subspecies,
<taxonomicName id="4C2395C2FF9DFFFD0129A412FB78FA74" authorityName="Marchand &amp; Tintant" authorityYear="1971" class="Cephalopoda" family="Pseudonautilidae" genus="Pseudaganides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nautilida" pageId="15" pageNumber="484" phylum="Mollusca" rank="subSpecies" species="subbiangulatus" subSpecies="dimidiatuo">
<emphasis id="B9573253FF9DFFFD0129A412FC3EFA74" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="484">Pseudaganides subbiangulatus</emphasis>
subsp.
<emphasis id="B9573253FF9DFFFD0023A4F2FB78FA74" box="[1047,1166,1427,1453]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="484">dimidiatuo</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B9573253FF9DFFFD00BAA4F2FB64FA74" box="[1166,1170,1427,1453]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="484">,</emphasis>
later named
<taxonomicName id="4C2395C2FF9DFFFD0128A4F2FBB1FA14" authority="(Tintant 1994)" baseAuthorityName="Tintant" baseAuthorityYear="1994" class="Cephalopoda" family="Pseudonautilidae" genus="Pseudaganides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nautilida" pageId="15" pageNumber="484" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="dimidiatus">
<emphasis id="B9573253FF9DFFFD0128A4F2FC6BFA14" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="484">Pseudaganides dimidiatus</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFB293B0FF9DFFFD0799A4D2FBC9FA14" author="TINTANT H." box="[941,1087,1459,1485]" pageId="15" pageNumber="484" pagination="35 - 36" refId="ref16254" refString="TINTANT H. 1994. - Pseudaganides subbiangulatus (d'Orbigny, 1850), in FISCHER J. - C. (ed.), Revision critique de la Paleontologie francaise d'Alcide d'Orbigny. Vol. 1. Cephalopodes jurassiques. Masson, Paris: 35 - 36." type="book chapter" year="1994">Tintant 1994</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
. The average size of this new species from Western
<collectingCountry id="F334AED1FF9DFFFD07C2A4B2FBC8FA34" box="[1014,1086,1491,1517]" name="France" pageId="15" pageNumber="484">France</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry id="F334AED1FF9DFFFD0040A4B2FB46FA34" box="[1140,1200,1491,1517]" name="Spain" pageId="15" pageNumber="484">Spain</collectingCountry>
was much smaller than
<taxonomicName id="4C2395C2FF9DFFFD0719A492FB94F9D4" baseAuthorityName="d'Orbigny" baseAuthorityYear="1850" box="[813,1122,1523,1549]" class="Cephalopoda" family="Pseudonautilidae" genus="Pseudaganides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nautilida" pageId="15" pageNumber="484" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="subbiangulatus">
<emphasis id="B9573253FF9DFFFD0719A492FB94F9D4" box="[813,1122,1523,1549]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="484">Pseudaganides subbiangulatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and is also very different from our specimens, see below.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9CEE41FF9DFFFD0777A753FC25F832" blockId="15.[811,1457,1045,2027]" pageId="15" pageNumber="484">
According to our data and the patterns of the evolution of the genus
<taxonomicName id="4C2395C2FF9DFFFD07F2A733FBA9F9B5" authorityName="Spath" authorityYear="1927" box="[966,1119,1618,1644]" class="Cephalopoda" family="Pseudonautilidae" genus="Pseudaganides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nautilida" pageId="15" pageNumber="484" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9573253FF9DFFFD07F2A733FBA9F9B5" box="[966,1119,1618,1644]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="484">Pseudaganides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(see Origin and evolution of the Antaganides-Pseudaganides group) we assume that the initial stratigraphic placement to the Upper Bathonian by A. d’Orbigny (1842) was erroneous. This fossil was collected by Mr. Cabannet in the neighbourhood of Nantua (French
<collectingRegion id="49E720A3FF9DFFFD071FA793FCACF8D5" box="[811,858,1778,1804]" country="Switzerland" name="Jura" pageId="15" pageNumber="484">Jura</collectingRegion>
) but, more probably, the
<typeStatus id="549850E3FF9DFFFD004AA793FB15F8D5" box="[1150,1251,1778,1804]" pageId="15" pageNumber="484" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
should have been collected within the “alternance calcaréo-marneuse” from the Lower or Middle Callovian described in Nantua’s area by
<bibRefCitation id="EFB293B0FF9DFFFD0765A630FB99F8B5" author="MANGOLD C. &amp; ENAY R." box="[849,1135,1873,1903]" pageId="15" pageNumber="484" refId="ref15544" refString="MANGOLD C. &amp; ENAY R. 2004. - Notice explicative. Carte geologique de la France (1 / 50 000), feuille Nantua (652). Bureau de Recherches geologiques et minieres (BRGM), Orleans, 180 p." type="book" year="2004">Mangold &amp; Énay (2004)</bibRefCitation>
.
<taxonomicName id="4C2395C2FF9DFFFD00B5A630FBD2F855" authority="(d'Orbigny, 1850)" baseAuthorityName="d'Orbigny" baseAuthorityYear="1850" class="Cephalopoda" family="Pseudonautilidae" genus="Pseudaganides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nautilida" pageId="15" pageNumber="484" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="subbiangulatus">
<emphasis id="B9573253FF9DFFFD00B5A630FCBDF852" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="484">Pseudaganides subbiangulatus</emphasis>
(d’Orbigny, 1850)
</taxonomicName>
is now considered as a nautilus of Lower and Middle Callovian age, from the
<taxonomicName id="4C2395C2FF9DFFFD0127A6F0FC51F815" authority="Zone, Grossouvrei" authorityName="Zone, Grossouvrei" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cactaceae" genus="Gracilis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="15" pageNumber="484" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9573253FF9DFFFD0127A6F0FA90F872" box="[1299,1382,1937,1963]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="484">Gracilis</emphasis>
Zone,
<emphasis id="B9573253FF9DFFFD0719A6D3FC51F815" box="[813,935,1970,1996]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="484">Grossouvrei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
or
<emphasis id="B9573253FF9DFFFD07E5A6D3FBD7F812" box="[977,1057,1970,1995]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="484">Pictava</emphasis>
Subzone, to the
<taxonomicName id="4C2395C2FF9DFFFD00D5A6D0FC25F832" ID-CoL="7NYWZ" authority="Zone, Bannense Subzone." authorityName="Zone, Bannense Subzone." class="Gastropoda" family="Trochidae" genus="Anceps" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trochida" pageId="15" pageNumber="484" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9573253FF9DFFFD00D5A6D0FADEF812" box="[1249,1320,1969,1995]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="484">Anceps</emphasis>
Zone,
<emphasis id="B9573253FF9DFFFD0148A6D3FC93F832" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="484">Bannense</emphasis>
Subzone.
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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<taxonomicName id="4C2395C2FF9FFFFF0527A612FDC0F852" authorityName="Branger" authorityYear="2024" box="[275,566,1905,1933]" class="Cephalopoda" family="Pseudonautilidae" genus="Pseudaganides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nautilida" pageId="13" pageNumber="482" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="aquitanense" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9573253FF9FFFFF0527A612FDC0F852" bold="true" box="[275,566,1905,1933]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="482">Pseudaganides aquitanense</emphasis>
@ -52,9 +54,9 @@
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2648F28FF9FFFFF060AA613FD8EF855" box="[574,632,1906,1932]" pageId="13" pageNumber="482" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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<paragraph id="8B9CEE41FF9FFFFF05B4A6F0FDFDF872" blockId="13.[384,523,1937,1963]" box="[384,523,1937,1963]" pageId="13" pageNumber="482">(Fig. 11C-E)</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9CEE41FF9FFFFF05B4A6F0FDFDF872" blockId="13.[275,632,1905,1963]" box="[384,523,1937,1963]" pageId="13" pageNumber="482">(Fig. 11C-E)</paragraph>
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.
<emphasis id="B9573253FF9FFFFF0792A1B9FC49FF36" box="[934,959,216,239]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="482">—</emphasis>
Small nautilus, maximum diameter 60 mm, shell rather compressed with an oval section except on the body-chamber where the venter flattens. Umbilicus closed. Suture lines with a wide but shallow lateral lobe.
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. — From the name of the region Nouvelle
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where all the specimens of this new species have been collected
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@ -80,6 +89,7 @@ where all the specimens of this new species have been collected
<collectionCode id="ED327684FF9FFFFF0751A0C7FC35FE6E" box="[869,963,422,439]" pageId="13" pageNumber="482">MATERIAL</collectionCode>
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. —
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<typeStatus id="549850E3FF9FFFFF07C5A0C0FBB9FE60" box="[1009,1103,417,441]" pageId="13" pageNumber="482" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
@ -89,18 +99,17 @@ where all the specimens of this new species have been collected
</emphasis>
•
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(adult); Nouvelle-Aquitaine, Aiffres; [
(adult);
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; [
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Zone
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;
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;
Zone; Upper Bathonian;
<collectorName id="26D68B97FF9FFFFF000CA0B4FB2CFE37" box="[1080,1242,469,494]" pageId="13" pageNumber="482">Patrick Branger</collectorName>
leg.;
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<materialsCitation id="3B4BE41CFF9FFFFF0719A36AFC0FFDAB" collectionCode="MBAN" country="France" latitude="46.34111" location="Nouvelle-Aquitaine" longLatPrecision="18" longitude="-0.5058333" pageId="13" pageNumber="482" specimenCode="POC0009" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
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</emphasis>
@ -122,33 +131,28 @@ leg.;
</emphasis>
•
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;
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Nouvelle-Aquitaine, Niort, Buffevent quarry (
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,
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,
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(
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; [
); [
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,
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];
<emphasis id="B9573253FF9FFFFF0119A347FA59FDE4" box="[1325,1455,550,573]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="482">Retrocostatum</emphasis>
Zone; bed 8b;
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<location id="8EFCB89AFF9FFFFF0780A321FBADFD8E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038A5F57FF9FFFFF0527A612FAD6F832:8EFCB89AFF9FFFFF0780A321FBADFD8E" box="[948,1115,575,599]" country="France" name="Upper Bathonian" pageId="13" pageNumber="482">Upper Bathonian</location>
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; Patrick Branger leg.;
Zone; bed 8b; Upper Bathonian; Patrick Branger leg.;
<collectionCode id="ED327684FF9FFFFF0110A321FA99FD81" box="[1316,1391,576,600]" pageId="13" pageNumber="482">MBAN</collectionCode>
;
<emphasis id="B9573253FF9FFFFF0142A35EFC7EFDAB" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="482">2023. PB.N124</emphasis>
(Fig. 11E).
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</paragraph>
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@ -159,12 +163,12 @@ Zone; bed 8b;
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. —
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•
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; Nouvelle-Aquitaine, La Crèche, Champs-Albert; [
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,
@ -172,17 +176,14 @@ Zone; bed 8b;
];
<emphasis id="B9573253FF9FFFFF0719A3DEFC5BFD0F" box="[813,941,703,726]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="482">Retrocostatum</emphasis>
Zone;
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<location id="8EFCB89AFF9FFFFF07DAA3DEFB60FD0F" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038A5F57FF9FFFFF0527A612FAD6F832:8EFCB89AFF9FFFFF07DAA3DEFB60FD0F" box="[1006,1174,702,726]" country="France" name="Upper Bathonian" pageId="13" pageNumber="482">Upper Bathonian</location>
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; Patrick Branger leg.; MBAN;
<emphasis id="B9573253FF9FFFFF071FA3B8FC49FD28" box="[811,959,729,753]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="482">2023.PB.N106</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="B9573253FF9FFFFF07FAA3B8FB95FD28" box="[974,1123,729,753]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="482">2023.PB.N125</emphasis>
.
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</paragraph>
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@ -217,7 +218,7 @@ is from Aiffres.
.
<emphasis id="B9573253FF9FFFFF07E3A2E9FC06FC46" box="[983,1008,904,927]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="482">—</emphasis>
See
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C35E6563FF84FFC3271CF95EFD7CF965" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF84FFC3271CF95EFD7CF965" blockId="5.[113,768,1720,2014]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF84FFC3271CF95EFD3FF940" bold="true" box="[113,692,1720,1740]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
3.1.1.2
<taxonomicName id="4C444D6BFF84FFC327ADF95EFD90F940" ID-CoL="B2QTR" authority="Smales &amp; Heinrich, 2010" authorityName=", Smales &amp; Heinrich" authorityYear="2010" box="[192,539,1720,1740]" class="Chromadorea" family="Heligmosomidae" genus="Melomystrongylus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL,GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="somoroensis">Melomystrongylus somoroensis</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="137F2A6DFF84FFC32546F95EFD27F940" box="[555,684,1720,1740]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="5.[113,180,1430,1451]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,239,1402]" captionTargetId="figure-232@5.[151,1436,238,1402]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 1. Genus Melomystrongylus Smales, 2009. Body sections. A–D Melomystrongylus sepikensis Smales, 2009. A, B within proximal body. A male, B female; C, D at midbody. C male, D, female. E–H Melomystrongylus somoroensis Smales &amp; Heinrich, 2010. E, F within proximal body. E male, F female. G, G’ at midbody, male. H female “at posterior end of midbody” (sic). Sources: A–D redrawn from [30]. E–H redrawn from [45]. G’ modified figure, reversed on its frontal axis with respect to the original." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12628844" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12628844/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Figs. 1E–1H</figureCitation>
)
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<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF84FFC3271CF932FD7CF965" box="[113,759,1747,1769]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">3.1.1.2.1 Synlophe (based on sections from five worms, sex not specified).</emphasis>
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<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF84FFC3271CF917FF3FF80E" blockId="5.[113,768,1720,2014]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
Sections analyzed herein are those within proximal part of body: male (Fig. 38/1E) and female (Fig. 40/1F), and at midbody: male (Fig. 42/1G), and female (Fig. 44/1H). In all sections lateral cords illustrated; ridges numbered in Figures 38/1E and 40/
<specimenCount id="9D42FD61FF84FFC327FBF88DFF3FF80E" box="[150,180,1899,1922]" count="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="generic">1F.</specimenCount>
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<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF84FFC327F4F86CFB08F91D" blockId="5.[113,768,1720,2014]" lastBlockId="5.[813,1467,1627,2017]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF84FFC327F4F86CFE08F82D" box="[153,387,1930,1953]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Within proximal body</emphasis>
: in both sexes careen absent, synlophe with hypertrophied ventral ridge (ridge 5’, interpreted herein as comarete), and three large right ridges associated with right lateral cord; in both sections tips of ridges 1 and 1’ divergent; axis of orientation oblique.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF84FFC32438F97EFC3AF887" blockId="5.[813,1467,1627,2017]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<figureCitation id="137F2A6DFF84FFC32438F97EFC31F923" box="[853,954,1688,1711]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="5.[113,180,1430,1451]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,239,1402]" captionTargetId="figure-232@5.[151,1436,238,1402]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 1. Genus Melomystrongylus Smales, 2009. Body sections. A–D Melomystrongylus sepikensis Smales, 2009. A, B within proximal body. A male, B female; C, D at midbody. C male, D, female. E–H Melomystrongylus somoroensis Smales &amp; Heinrich, 2010. E, F within proximal body. E male, F female. G, G’ at midbody, male. H female “at posterior end of midbody” (sic). Sources: A–D redrawn from [30]. E–H redrawn from [45]. G’ modified figure, reversed on its frontal axis with respect to the original." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12628844" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12628844/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Figure 1E</figureCitation>
(male section): 13 ridges almost regularly spaced: ridges on left-dorsal quadrant more widely spaced than those on right-dorsal quadrant. Gap between ridges 5’ and 4’ (arrowhead).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF84FFC32438F8F4FB90F8EB" blockId="5.[813,1467,1627,2017]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<figureCitation id="137F2A6DFF84FFC32438F8F4FC2AF8A5" box="[853,929,1810,1833]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="5.[113,180,1430,1451]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,239,1402]" captionTargetId="figure-232@5.[151,1436,238,1402]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 1. Genus Melomystrongylus Smales, 2009. Body sections. A–D Melomystrongylus sepikensis Smales, 2009. A, B within proximal body. A male, B female; C, D at midbody. C male, D, female. E–H Melomystrongylus somoroensis Smales &amp; Heinrich, 2010. E, F within proximal body. E male, F female. G, G’ at midbody, male. H female “at posterior end of midbody” (sic). Sources: A–D redrawn from [30]. E–H redrawn from [45]. G’ modified figure, reversed on its frontal axis with respect to the original." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12628844" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12628844/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 1F</figureCitation>
(female section): 15 ridges irregularly spaced with left ventral ridges tighter than other ridges. Gap between ridges 6’ and 5’ (arrowhead).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF84FFC32438F888FBEDF86D" blockId="5.[813,1467,1627,2017]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF84FFC32438F888FC58F809" box="[853,979,1902,1925]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">At midbody:</emphasis>
in both sexes careen absent, synlophe differing markedly from that in proximal part (comarete disappeared, number of ridges slightly increased). Ridges losing orientation after Smales &amp; Heinrich [
<bibRefCitation id="EFD54B19FF84FFC32350F82CFBDCF86D" author="Smales LR &amp; Heinrich B." box="[1085,1111,1994,2017]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="1 - 28" refId="ref30293" refString="45. Smales LR, Heinrich B. 2010. Gastrointestinal nematodes of Paramelomys rubex (Rodentia: Muridae) from Papua Indonesia and Papua New Guinea with the descriptions of three new genera and four new species of Heligmonellidae and Herpetostrongylidae (Nematoda: Trichostrongylida). Zootaxa, 2672, 1 - 28." type="journal article" year="2010">45</bibRefCitation>
].
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF87FFC027F4FF09FE4DFEED" blockId="6.[113,768,246,445]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<figureCitation id="137F2A6DFF87FFC027F4FF09FE86FE8A" box="[153,269,239,262]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="5.[113,180,1430,1451]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,239,1402]" captionTargetId="figure-232@5.[151,1436,238,1402]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 1. Genus Melomystrongylus Smales, 2009. Body sections. A–D Melomystrongylus sepikensis Smales, 2009. A, B within proximal body. A male, B female; C, D at midbody. C male, D, female. E–H Melomystrongylus somoroensis Smales &amp; Heinrich, 2010. E, F within proximal body. E male, F female. G, G’ at midbody, male. H female “at posterior end of midbody” (sic). Sources: A–D redrawn from [30]. E–H redrawn from [45]. G’ modified figure, reversed on its frontal axis with respect to the original." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12628844" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12628844/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Figure 1G</figureCitation>
(male section): ridges unequal in size and oriented from right to left on both dorsal and ventral sides, except tip of left ridge directed ventrally and convergent with tip of ridge immediately ventral.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF87FFC027F4FE8FFF29FE31" blockId="6.[113,768,246,445]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<figureCitation id="137F2A6DFF87FFC027F4FE8FFE8EFE0C" box="[153,261,361,384]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="5.[113,180,1430,1451]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,239,1402]" captionTargetId="figure-232@5.[151,1436,238,1402]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 1. Genus Melomystrongylus Smales, 2009. Body sections. A–D Melomystrongylus sepikensis Smales, 2009. A, B within proximal body. A male, B female; C, D at midbody. C male, D, female. E–H Melomystrongylus somoroensis Smales &amp; Heinrich, 2010. E, F within proximal body. E male, F female. G, G’ at midbody, male. H female “at posterior end of midbody” (sic). Sources: A–D redrawn from [30]. E–H redrawn from [45]. G’ modified figure, reversed on its frontal axis with respect to the original." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12628844" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12628844/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Figure 1H</figureCitation>
(female section): ridges rather subequal in size, regularly spaced and oriented from right-ventral to left-dorsal side.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF87FFC0271CFE3AFDDAFDC1" blockId="6.[113,768,474,589]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF87FFC0271CFE3AFD96FE7D" box="[113,541,476,497]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
3.1.1.2.2 Bursa (illustrated in [
<bibRefCitation id="EFD54B19FF87FFC026F1FE3AFE3FFE7D" author="Smales LR &amp; Heinrich B." box="[412,436,476,497]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="1 - 28" refId="ref30293" refString="45. Smales LR, Heinrich B. 2010. Gastrointestinal nematodes of Paramelomys rubex (Rodentia: Muridae) from Papua Indonesia and Papua New Guinea with the descriptions of three new genera and four new species of Heligmonellidae and Herpetostrongylidae (Nematoda: Trichostrongylida). Zootaxa, 2672, 1 - 28." type="journal article" year="2010">45</bibRefCitation>
]: Fig. 49).
</emphasis>
Figure 49: bursa flattened out, orientation not specified; rays 2 and 3 longer than rays 4-6. From the written description [
<bibRefCitation id="EFD54B19FF87FFC02564FDF1FDA8FDA2" author="Smales LR &amp; Heinrich B." box="[521,547,535,558]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="1 - 28" refId="ref30293" refString="45. Smales LR, Heinrich B. 2010. Gastrointestinal nematodes of Paramelomys rubex (Rodentia: Muridae) from Papua Indonesia and Papua New Guinea with the descriptions of three new genera and four new species of Heligmonellidae and Herpetostrongylidae (Nematoda: Trichostrongylida). Zootaxa, 2672, 1 - 28." type="journal article" year="2010">45</bibRefCitation>
]: bursa dissymmetrical with right lobe larger; pattern of
<typeStatus id="54FF884AFF87FFC0269EFDD0FD94FDC1" box="[499,543,566,589]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">type</typeStatus>
3-2.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF87FFC0271CFD97FEA9FD0A" blockId="6.[113,290,625,646]" box="[113,290,625,646]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF87FFC0271CFD97FEA9FD0A" bold="true" box="[113,290,625,646]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">3.1.2 Comments</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF87FFC0271CFD4CFEADFD32" blockId="6.[113,768,681,2016]" box="[113,294,681,702]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF87FFC0271CFD4CFEADFD32" bold="true" box="[113,294,681,702]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">3.1.2.1 Synlophe</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF87FFC027F4FD20FD25FB04" blockId="6.[113,768,681,2016]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF87FFC027F4FD20FEACFD51" box="[153,295,710,733]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Size of ridges</emphasis>
: the “midbody” sections of male and female seem to have been taken at different levels. Specifically, the female sections were probably taken towards the end of the mid-region of body (
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF87FFC02620FCC4FEE0FCB5" box="[333,363,802,825]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">i.e.</emphasis>
, more distally than the male sections). This would explain the differences concerning the ridge size, since ridges usually become subequal towards the posterior end. This can be confirmed in the
<typeStatus id="54FF884AFF87FFC0269AFC9BFDA8FC18" box="[503,547,893,916]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">type</typeStatus>
species by noticing the male section at distal body (Fig.
<quantity id="4CBC9B0DFF87FFC0269CFC7AFDA3FC3F" box="[497,552,924,947]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1684" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="in" value="46.0">46 in</quantity>
[
<bibRefCitation id="EFD54B19FF87FFC02555FC7AFDD9FC3F" author="Smales LR &amp; Heinrich B." box="[568,594,924,947]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="1 - 28" refId="ref30293" refString="45. Smales LR, Heinrich B. 2010. Gastrointestinal nematodes of Paramelomys rubex (Rodentia: Muridae) from Papua Indonesia and Papua New Guinea with the descriptions of three new genera and four new species of Heligmonellidae and Herpetostrongylidae (Nematoda: Trichostrongylida). Zootaxa, 2672, 1 - 28." type="journal article" year="2010">45</bibRefCitation>
]) which is identical to the “midbody” female section (
<figureCitation id="137F2A6DFF87FFC02569FC5CFDD8FC5D" box="[516,595,954,977]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="5.[113,180,1430,1451]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,239,1402]" captionTargetId="figure-232@5.[151,1436,238,1402]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 1. Genus Melomystrongylus Smales, 2009. Body sections. A–D Melomystrongylus sepikensis Smales, 2009. A, B within proximal body. A male, B female; C, D at midbody. C male, D, female. E–H Melomystrongylus somoroensis Smales &amp; Heinrich, 2010. E, F within proximal body. E male, F female. G, G’ at midbody, male. H female “at posterior end of midbody” (sic). Sources: A–D redrawn from [30]. E–H redrawn from [45]. G’ modified figure, reversed on its frontal axis with respect to the original." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12628844" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12628844/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fig. 1H</figureCitation>
). Unfortunately, in neither of the two species are there intermediate sections between the proximal body and the midbody. Consequently, it is not possible to know at which levels the ridges start decreasing in size, or new ridges appear. This means that it is not possible to establish any homologies between the synlophe at midbody and that within the proximal part of body.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF87FFC027F4FB76FD88FAD2" blockId="6.[113,768,681,2016]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF87FFC027F4FB76FE0DFB2B" box="[153,390,1168,1191]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Orientation of ridges:</emphasis>
for both species, it was indicated [
<bibRefCitation id="EFD54B19FF87FFC02717FB49FF1FFB4A" author="Smales LR" box="[122,148,1199,1222]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="5 - 15" refId="ref29513" refString="30. Smales LR. 2009. Helminths of Melomys rufescens and Melomys spp. (Muridae: Hydromyinae) from Papua New Guinea with the descriptions of a new genus and five new species in the Heligmonellidae (Nematoda: Trichostrongyloidea). Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, 57, 5 - 15." type="journal article" year="2009">30</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFD54B19FF87FFC027CBFB49FF4BFB4A" author="Smales LR &amp; Heinrich B." box="[166,192,1199,1222]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="1 - 28" refId="ref30293" refString="45. Smales LR, Heinrich B. 2010. Gastrointestinal nematodes of Paramelomys rubex (Rodentia: Muridae) from Papua Indonesia and Papua New Guinea with the descriptions of three new genera and four new species of Heligmonellidae and Herpetostrongylidae (Nematoda: Trichostrongylida). Zootaxa, 2672, 1 - 28." type="journal article" year="2010">45</bibRefCitation>
] that the orientation of the ridges is oblique within the proximal body and unclear in the rest of the body. Concerning the proximal part, we agree with the original statement, though this implies that on the four illustrated proximal sections, the tips of the ridges 1 and 1’ (which are supposed to be convergent) are incorrectly figured.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF87FFC027F4FA80FDA9F8A5" blockId="6.[113,768,681,2016]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
At midbody, the orientation of the ridges is unclear in the
<typeStatus id="54FF884AFF87FFC0271CFA62FF16FA17" box="[113,157,1412,1435]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">type</typeStatus>
species (
<figureCitation id="137F2A6DFF87FFC02669FA62FE31FA17" box="[260,442,1412,1435]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="5.[113,180,1430,1451]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,239,1402]" captionTargetId="figure-232@5.[151,1436,238,1402]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 1. Genus Melomystrongylus Smales, 2009. Body sections. A–D Melomystrongylus sepikensis Smales, 2009. A, B within proximal body. A male, B female; C, D at midbody. C male, D, female. E–H Melomystrongylus somoroensis Smales &amp; Heinrich, 2010. E, F within proximal body. E male, F female. G, G’ at midbody, male. H female “at posterior end of midbody” (sic). Sources: A–D redrawn from [30]. E–H redrawn from [45]. G’ modified figure, reversed on its frontal axis with respect to the original." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12628844" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12628844/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Figs. 1C and 1D</figureCitation>
) but it is more evident in the female section of
<taxonomicName id="4C444D6BFF87FFC0265CFA45FE5DFA36" authorityName=", Smales &amp; Heinrich" authorityYear="2010" box="[305,470,1443,1466]" class="Chromadorea" family="Heligmosomidae" genus="Melomystrongylus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL,GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="somoroensis">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF87FFC0265CFA45FE5DFA36" box="[305,470,1443,1466]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">M. somoroensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
where the ridges determine an oblique, almost subfrontal, axis of orientation (
<figureCitation id="137F2A6DFF87FFC025ECFA24FD59FA55" box="[641,722,1474,1497]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="5.[113,180,1430,1451]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,239,1402]" captionTargetId="figure-232@5.[151,1436,238,1402]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 1. Genus Melomystrongylus Smales, 2009. Body sections. A–D Melomystrongylus sepikensis Smales, 2009. A, B within proximal body. A male, B female; C, D at midbody. C male, D, female. E–H Melomystrongylus somoroensis Smales &amp; Heinrich, 2010. E, F within proximal body. E male, F female. G, G’ at midbody, male. H female “at posterior end of midbody” (sic). Sources: A–D redrawn from [30]. E–H redrawn from [45]. G’ modified figure, reversed on its frontal axis with respect to the original." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12628844" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12628844/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fig. 1H</figureCitation>
). In the male section of
<taxonomicName id="4C444D6BFF87FFC0263DFA06FE73FA7B" authorityName=", Smales &amp; Heinrich" authorityYear="2010" box="[336,504,1504,1527]" class="Chromadorea" family="Heligmosomidae" genus="Melomystrongylus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL,GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="somoroensis">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF87FFC0263DFA06FE73FA7B" box="[336,504,1504,1527]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">M. somoroensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="137F2A6DFF87FFC02560FA06FDEAFA7B" box="[525,609,1504,1527]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="5.[113,180,1430,1451]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,239,1402]" captionTargetId="figure-232@5.[151,1436,238,1402]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 1. Genus Melomystrongylus Smales, 2009. Body sections. A–D Melomystrongylus sepikensis Smales, 2009. A, B within proximal body. A male, B female; C, D at midbody. C male, D, female. E–H Melomystrongylus somoroensis Smales &amp; Heinrich, 2010. E, F within proximal body. E male, F female. G, G’ at midbody, male. H female “at posterior end of midbody” (sic). Sources: A–D redrawn from [30]. E–H redrawn from [45]. G’ modified figure, reversed on its frontal axis with respect to the original." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12628844" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12628844/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fig. 1G</figureCitation>
), the fact that the left ridge is oriented toward the ventral side means that the pair of ridges with convergent tips (curved arrows on the left) is situated ventrally. Such arrangement actually determines an axis of orientation right-dorsal to left-ventral, which is not at all the rule in the
<taxonomicName id="4C444D6BFF87FFC02648F99FFE59F91C" authorityName="Skrjabin &amp; Schikobalova" authorityYear="1952" box="[293,466,1657,1680]" class="Chromadorea" family="Heligmonellidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Nematoda" rank="family">Heligmonellidae</taxonomicName>
. We propose the reversion of the section on its frontal axis, which results in the left ridge directed dorsally and an axis of orientation directed from right-ventral to left-dorsal quadrant (
<figureCitation id="137F2A6DFF87FFC02682F933FDC3F960" box="[495,584,1748,1772]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="5.[113,180,1430,1451]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,239,1402]" captionTargetId="figure-232@5.[151,1436,238,1402]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 1. Genus Melomystrongylus Smales, 2009. Body sections. A–D Melomystrongylus sepikensis Smales, 2009. A, B within proximal body. A male, B female; C, D at midbody. C male, D, female. E–H Melomystrongylus somoroensis Smales &amp; Heinrich, 2010. E, F within proximal body. E male, F female. G, G’ at midbody, male. H female “at posterior end of midbody” (sic). Sources: A–D redrawn from [30]. E–H redrawn from [45]. G’ modified figure, reversed on its frontal axis with respect to the original." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12628844" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12628844/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fig. 1G’</figureCitation>
). Although without a clear inclination, this arrangement is similar to that observed in the female section (
<figureCitation id="137F2A6DFF87FFC026AFF8F4FD99F8A5" box="[450,530,1810,1833]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="5.[113,180,1430,1451]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,239,1402]" captionTargetId="figure-232@5.[151,1436,238,1402]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 1. Genus Melomystrongylus Smales, 2009. Body sections. A–D Melomystrongylus sepikensis Smales, 2009. A, B within proximal body. A male, B female; C, D at midbody. C male, D, female. E–H Melomystrongylus somoroensis Smales &amp; Heinrich, 2010. E, F within proximal body. E male, F female. G, G’ at midbody, male. H female “at posterior end of midbody” (sic). Sources: A–D redrawn from [30]. E–H redrawn from [45]. G’ modified figure, reversed on its frontal axis with respect to the original." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12628844" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12628844/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fig. 1H</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF87FFC027F4F8D6FA9CFECF" blockId="6.[113,768,681,2016]" lastBlockId="6.[813,1467,246,323]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
As noted by Smales [
<bibRefCitation id="EFD54B19FF87FFC026E8F8D6FE14F8CB" author="Smales LR" box="[389,415,1840,1863]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="5 - 15" refId="ref29513" refString="30. Smales LR. 2009. Helminths of Melomys rufescens and Melomys spp. (Muridae: Hydromyinae) from Papua New Guinea with the descriptions of a new genus and five new species in the Heligmonellidae (Nematoda: Trichostrongyloidea). Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, 57, 5 - 15." type="journal article" year="2009">30</bibRefCitation>
],
<taxonomicName id="4C444D6BFF87FFC026DAF8D6FDFEF8CB" authorityName="Smales" authorityYear="2009" box="[439,629,1840,1863]" class="Chromadorea" family="Heligmosomidae" genus="Melomystrongylus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL,GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF87FFC026DAF8D6FDFEF8CB" box="[439,629,1840,1863]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Melomystrongylus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is characterized by the absence of a careen and the presence of a hypertrophied mid-ventral ridge within the proximal third of the body. Among the Australasian
<taxonomicName id="4C444D6BFF87FFC02611F86AFDB6F82F" box="[380,573,1932,1955]" pageId="6" pageNumber="9" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Nippostrongylinae">Nippostrongylinae</taxonomicName>
, there is only one genus without a careen and with hypertrophied ventral ridges:
<taxonomicName id="4C444D6BFF87FFC0271CF82FFE88F86C" authorityName="Hasegawa &amp; Syafruddin" authorityYear="1994" box="[113,259,1993,2016]" class="Chromadorea" family="Heligmosomidae" genus="Hasanuddinia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF87FFC0271CF82FFE88F86C" box="[113,259,1993,2016]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Hasanuddinia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Smales [
<bibRefCitation id="EFD54B19FF87FFC02617F82FFE1FF86C" author="Smales LR" box="[378,404,1993,2016]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="5 - 15" refId="ref29513" refString="30. Smales LR. 2009. Helminths of Melomys rufescens and Melomys spp. (Muridae: Hydromyinae) from Papua New Guinea with the descriptions of a new genus and five new species in the Heligmonellidae (Nematoda: Trichostrongyloidea). Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, 57, 5 - 15." type="journal article" year="2009">30</bibRefCitation>
] distinguished
<taxonomicName id="4C444D6BFF87FFC0252FF82FFC8BF86C" authorityName="Smales" authorityYear="2009" box="[578,768,1993,2016]" class="Chromadorea" family="Heligmosomidae" genus="Melomystrongylus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL,GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF87FFC0252FF82FFC8BF86C" box="[578,768,1993,2016]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Melomystrongylus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from
<taxonomicName id="4C444D6BFF87FFC02405FF09FC71FE8A" authorityName="Hasegawa &amp; Syafruddin" authorityYear="1994" box="[872,1018,239,262]" class="Chromadorea" family="Heligmosomidae" genus="Hasanuddinia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF87FFC02405FF09FC71FE8A" box="[872,1018,239,262]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Hasanuddinia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by the presence of a single hypertrophied ridge in the first third of body length,
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF87FFC023C6FEEBFB67FEA8" box="[1195,1260,269,292]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">versus</emphasis>
three hypertrophied ridges along the whole body in
<taxonomicName id="4C444D6BFF87FFC02313FECAFA9BFECF" authorityName="Hasegawa &amp; Syafruddin" authorityYear="1994" box="[1150,1296,300,323]" class="Chromadorea" family="Heligmosomidae" genus="Hasanuddinia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF87FFC02313FECAFA9BFECF" box="[1150,1296,300,323]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Hasanuddinia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF87FFC02440FE93FC37FE05" blockId="6.[813,1467,373,668]" box="[813,956,373,393]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF87FFC02440FE93FC37FE05" bold="true" box="[813,956,373,393]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">3.1.2.2 Bursa</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF87FFC02438FE77FC48FD8F" blockId="6.[813,1467,373,668]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF87FFC02438FE77FC61FE24" box="[853,1002,401,424]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<taxonomicName id="4C444D6BFF87FFC02438FE77FC6FFE24" authorityName="Smales" authorityYear="2009" box="[853,996,401,424]" class="Chromadorea" family="Heligmosomidae" genus="Melomystrongylus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL,GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="sepikensis">M. sepikensis</taxonomicName>
:
</emphasis>
judging from the illustration, the pattern of the left lobe is 1-4 with ray 3 diverging at same level as ray 6 from their common trunk. The pattern of the right lobe is not illustrated.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF87FFC02438FDEDFBB4FDD3" blockId="6.[813,1467,373,668]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF87FFC02438FDEDFB8BFDAE" box="[853,1024,523,546]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<taxonomicName id="4C444D6BFF87FFC02438FDEDFC71FDAE" authorityName=", Smales &amp; Heinrich" authorityYear="2010" box="[853,1018,523,546]" class="Chromadorea" family="Heligmosomidae" genus="Melomystrongylus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL,GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="somoroensis">M. somoroensis</taxonomicName>
:
</emphasis>
judging from the illustration, the pattern is 1-3-1 for both lobes with rays 3 and 6 diverging at same level from their common trunk.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF87FFC02438FD81FB88FD10" blockId="6.[813,1467,373,668]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
In the Remarks concerning
<taxonomicName id="4C444D6BFF87FFC023E2FD81FC0DFD10" authority=", Smales &amp; Heinrich" authorityName=", Smales &amp; Heinrich" authorityYear="2010" class="Chromadorea" family="Heligmosomidae" genus="Melomystrongylus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL,GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="somoroensis">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF87FFC023E2FD81FAB2FDF2" box="[1167,1337,615,638]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">M. somoroensis</emphasis>
, Smales &amp; Heinrich
</taxonomicName>
[
<bibRefCitation id="EFD54B19FF87FFC024FAFD63FC3AFD10" author="Smales LR &amp; Heinrich B." box="[919,945,645,668]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="1 - 28" refId="ref30293" refString="45. Smales LR, Heinrich B. 2010. Gastrointestinal nematodes of Paramelomys rubex (Rodentia: Muridae) from Papua Indonesia and Papua New Guinea with the descriptions of three new genera and four new species of Heligmonellidae and Herpetostrongylidae (Nematoda: Trichostrongylida). Zootaxa, 2672, 1 - 28." type="journal article" year="2010">45</bibRefCitation>
] noted:
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF87FFC02429FD54FBABFC0D" blockId="6.[836,1443,690,897]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
“
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF87FFC0243DFD55FB5AFD46" box="[848,1233,691,714]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">The generic diagnosis of the genus</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C444D6BFF87FFC023B6FD54FA28FD45" authorityName="Smales" authorityYear="2009" box="[1243,1443,690,713]" class="Chromadorea" family="Heligmosomidae" genus="Melomystrongylus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL,GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">Melomystrongylus</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF87FFC02429FD37FA8DFCA9" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">includes “bursa asymmetrical, left lobe larger”, the determination having been made after examining bursae that had not been completely rolled flat. In</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C444D6BFF87FFC02260FCE8FCEBFCCF" authorityName=", Smales &amp; Heinrich" authorityYear="2010" class="Chromadorea" family="Heligmosomidae" genus="Melomystrongylus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL,GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="somoroensis">M. somoroensis</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF87FFC02407FCCBFBA9FCEE" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">the right lobe is the larger one and since this could also be the case for</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C444D6BFF87FFC02341FCADFB4AFCEE" authorityName="Smales" authorityYear="2009" box="[1068,1217,843,866]" class="Chromadorea" family="Heligmosomidae" genus="Melomystrongylus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL,GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="sepikensis">M. sepikensis</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF87FFC023A1FCADFB9EFC0D" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">the diagnosis needs to be reconsidered.</emphasis>
”
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF87FFC02447FC4BFC6AFC4D" blockId="6.[810,993,940,961]" box="[810,993,940,961]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF87FFC02447FC4BFC6AFC4D" bold="true" box="[810,993,940,961]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">3.1.3 Conclusion</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF87FFC02438FC3AFC4FFB26" blockId="6.[813,1467,988,1195]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
Despite the incomplete description of the synlophe, the presence of a hypertrophied ventral ridge (interpreted herein as a comarete) within the proximal third of the body allows the characterization of the genus. We consider
<taxonomicName id="4C444D6BFF87FFC0227EFBDEFCC0FBE1" authorityName="Smales" authorityYear="2009" class="Chromadorea" family="Heligmosomidae" genus="Melomystrongylus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL,GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF87FFC0227EFBDEFCC0FBE1" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Melomystrongylus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
a valid genus. Further studies will be needed, especially of the bursa of the
<typeStatus id="54FF884AFF87FFC024B5FB93FB8EFB00" box="[984,1029,1141,1164]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">type</typeStatus>
species, to provide a more complete generic definition.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C35E6563FF87FFC02440FB28FBC7FA60" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF87FFC02440FB28FBCBFB6E" blockId="6.[813,1088,1230,1250]" box="[813,1088,1230,1250]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF87FFC02440FB28FBCBFB6E" bold="true" box="[813,1088,1230,1250]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">3.1.4 Emended diagnosis</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF87FFC02438FAE6FBC7FA60" blockId="6.[813,1468,1280,1517]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF87FFC02438FAE6FB92FA9B" box="[853,1049,1280,1303]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<taxonomicName id="4C444D6BFF87FFC02438FAE6FB9EFA9B" authorityName="Smales" authorityYear="2009" box="[853,1045,1280,1303]" class="Chromadorea" family="Heligmosomidae" genus="Melomystrongylus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL,GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">Melomystrongylus</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
Synlophe without careen. Within anterior third of body, 9–12 ridges; presence of one ventral comarete; ridges irregularly spaced; right ridge and dorsal adjacent ridge largest; other ridges unequal in size and small. At midbody, 14–17 ridges medium-sized to small, irregularly spaced. Axis of orientation oblique within proximal part, uncertain in midbody. Characteristic bursal pattern of
<typeStatus id="54FF884AFF87FFC0226FFA51FAA4FA42" box="[1282,1327,1463,1486]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">type</typeStatus>
1-3-1 (only known in
<taxonomicName id="4C444D6BFF87FFC024F4FA30FBB6FA61" authorityName=", Smales &amp; Heinrich" authorityYear="2010" box="[921,1085,1494,1517]" class="Chromadorea" family="Heligmosomidae" genus="Melomystrongylus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL,GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="somoroensis">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF87FFC024F4FA30FBB6FA61" box="[921,1085,1494,1517]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">M. somoroensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

145
data/03/ED/87/03ED87FEFF85FFC22440FE72FBC7FC21.xml Normal file
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@ -0,0 +1,145 @@
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<subSubSection id="C35E6563FF85FFC22440FE72FA1EFE21" box="[813,1429,404,429]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF85FFC22440FE72FA1EFE21" blockId="4.[813,1429,404,461]" box="[813,1429,404,429]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<heading id="D0B38184FF85FFC22440FE72FA1EFE21" box="[813,1429,404,429]" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" reason="7">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF85FFC22440FE72FA1EFE21" bold="true" box="[813,1429,404,429]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
3.1 Genus
<taxonomicName id="4C444D6BFF85FFC224DAFE72FA1EFE21" ID-CoL="B2L8Q" authority="Smales, 2009" authorityName="Smales" authorityYear="2009" box="[951,1429,404,429]" class="Chromadorea" family="Heligmosomidae" genus="Melomystrongylus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL,GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF85FFC224DAFE72FB6EFE21" bold="true" box="[951,1253,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">MELOMYSTRONGYLUS</emphasis>
Smales, 2009
</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C35E6563FF85FFC22431FE52FC3EFE41" box="[860,949,436,461]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF85FFC22431FE52FC3EFE41" blockId="4.[813,1429,404,461]" box="[860,949,436,461]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<heading id="D0B38184FF85FFC22431FE52FC3EFE41" bold="true" box="[860,949,436,461]" fontSize="10" level="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF85FFC22431FE52FC3EFE41" bold="true" box="[860,949,436,461]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
(
<figureCitation id="137F2A6DFF85FFC22409FE52FC27FE41" box="[868,940,436,461]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="5.[113,180,1430,1451]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,239,1402]" captionTargetId="figure-232@5.[151,1436,238,1402]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 1. Genus Melomystrongylus Smales, 2009. Body sections. A–D Melomystrongylus sepikensis Smales, 2009. A, B within proximal body. A male, B female; C, D at midbody. C male, D, female. E–H Melomystrongylus somoroensis Smales &amp; Heinrich, 2010. E, F within proximal body. E male, F female. G, G’ at midbody, male. H female “at posterior end of midbody” (sic). Sources: A–D redrawn from [30]. E–H redrawn from [45]. G’ modified figure, reversed on its frontal axis with respect to the original." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12628844" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12628844/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C35E6563FF85FFC22438FE0CFA30FD8D" box="[853,1467,490,514]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="type_taxon">
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF85FFC22438FE0CFA30FD8D" blockId="4.[813,1467,490,941]" box="[853,1467,490,514]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF85FFC22438FE0CFC62FD8E" bold="true" box="[853,1001,490,514]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<typeStatus id="54FF884AFF85FFC22438FE0CFC06FD8E" box="[853,909,490,514]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Type</typeStatus>
species:
</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C444D6BFF85FFC2249CFE0CFA3DFD8D" authority="Smales, 2009" authorityName="Smales" authorityYear="2009" box="[1009,1462,490,513]" class="Chromadorea" family="Heligmosomidae" genus="Melomystrongylus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL,GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="sepikensis">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF85FFC2249CFE0CFA94FD8D" box="[1009,1311,490,513]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Melomystrongylus sepikensis</emphasis>
Smales, 2009
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C35E6563FF85FFC22438FDEEFBA7FDB2" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF85FFC22438FDEEFA98FDAC" blockId="4.[813,1467,490,941]" box="[853,1299,520,544]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF85FFC22438FDEEFC11FDAC" bold="true" box="[853,922,520,544]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Hosts:</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C444D6BFF85FFC224CEFDEFFC76FDAC" box="[931,1021,521,544]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Muridae</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C444D6BFF85FFC22365FDEFFB1EFDAC" authorityName="Alston" authorityYear="1876" box="[1032,1173,521,544]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Hydromyinae">Hydromyinae</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="4C444D6BFF85FFC223C8FDEFFA8CFDAC" authorityName="Bowdich" authorityYear="1821" box="[1189,1287,521,544]" class="Mammalia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="order">Rodentia</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF85FFC22438FDC1FBA7FDB2" blockId="4.[813,1467,490,941]" box="[853,1068,551,575]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF85FFC22438FDC1FC0DFDB3" bold="true" box="[853,902,551,575]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Site:</emphasis>
small intestine.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C35E6563FF85FFC22438FDA3FB36FDD1" box="[853,1213,581,605]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF85FFC22438FDA3FB36FDD1" blockId="4.[813,1467,490,941]" box="[853,1213,581,605]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF85FFC22438FDA3FC6AFDD1" bold="true" box="[853,993,581,605]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Distribution:</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="F3537678FF85FFC22487FDA0FB32FDD1" box="[1002,1209,582,605]" name="Papua New Guinea" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Papua New Guinea</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C35E6563FF85FFC22438FD82FC5BFD16" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="taxon_list">
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF85FFC22438FD82FC5BFD16" blockId="4.[813,1467,490,941]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF85FFC22438FD82FC7FFDF0" bold="true" box="[853,1012,612,636]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Other species:</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C444D6BFF85FFC22493FD82FC47FD16" authority="Smales &amp; Heinrich, 2010" authorityName=", Smales &amp; Heinrich" authorityYear="2010" class="Chromadorea" family="Heligmosomidae" genus="Melomystrongylus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL,GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="somoroensis">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF85FFC22493FD82FACCFDF7" box="[1022,1351,612,635]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Melomystrongylus somoroensis</emphasis>
Smales &amp; Heinrich, 2010
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C35E6563FF85FFC22438FD47FBC7FC21" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF85FFC22438FD47FBC7FC21" blockId="4.[813,1467,490,941]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF85FFC22438FD47FBBBFD35" bold="true" box="[853,1072,673,697]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Original diagnosis:</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF85FFC2232FFD44FAB1FC98" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<taxonomicName id="4C444D6BFF85FFC2232FFD44FA9DFD35" authorityName="Leiper" authorityYear="1912" box="[1090,1302,674,697]" class="Chromadorea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="4" pageNumber="32" phylum="Nematoda" rank="superFamily" superFamily="Trichostrongyloidea">Trichostrongyloidea</taxonomicName>
:
<taxonomicName id="4C444D6BFF85FFC22240FD44FCDEFD5B" authorityName="Skrjabin &amp; Schikobalova" authorityYear="1952" class="Chromadorea" family="Heligmonellidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Nematoda" rank="family">Heligmonellidae</taxonomicName>
:
<taxonomicName id="4C444D6BFF85FFC2240FFD26FBAFFD5B" box="[866,1060,704,727]" pageId="4" pageNumber="9" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Nippostrongylinae">Nippostrongylinae</taxonomicName>
. Synlophe well developed with pointed ridges; in midbody axis of orientation of ridges passing through ventral right and dorsal left sides inclined about 65
</emphasis>
°
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF85FFC22227FD1BFB98FC21" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">from sagittal axis in anterior body, lacking clear orientation in mid and hind body. Ventral ridge 5’ hypertrophied anteriorly. Bursa asymmetrical with larger left lobe. Dorsal ray divided distal to level of branching of rays 8 from dorsal trunk. Parasites of hydromyine murids</emphasis>
[
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].
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C35E6563FF85FFC22440FC1EFADCFB80" box="[813,1367,1016,1036]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF85FFC22440FC1EFADCFB80" blockId="4.[813,1367,1016,1036]" box="[813,1367,1016,1036]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<heading id="D0B38184FF85FFC22440FC1EFADCFB80" box="[813,1367,1016,1036]" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" reason="4">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF85FFC22440FC1EFADCFB80" bold="true" box="[813,1367,1016,1036]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
3.1.1.1
<taxonomicName id="4C444D6BFF85FFC22411FC1EFB35FB80" ID-CoL="B2R26" authority="Smales, 2009" authorityName="Smales" authorityYear="2009" box="[892,1214,1016,1036]" class="Chromadorea" family="Heligmosomidae" genus="Melomystrongylus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL,GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="sepikensis">Melomystrongylus sepikensis</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="137F2A6DFF85FFC223A0FC1EFAC4FB80" box="[1229,1359,1016,1036]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="5.[113,180,1430,1451]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,239,1402]" captionTargetId="figure-232@5.[151,1436,238,1402]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 1. Genus Melomystrongylus Smales, 2009. Body sections. A–D Melomystrongylus sepikensis Smales, 2009. A, B within proximal body. A male, B female; C, D at midbody. C male, D, female. E–H Melomystrongylus somoroensis Smales &amp; Heinrich, 2010. E, F within proximal body. E male, F female. G, G’ at midbody, male. H female “at posterior end of midbody” (sic). Sources: A–D redrawn from [30]. E–H redrawn from [45]. G’ modified figure, reversed on its frontal axis with respect to the original." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12628844" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12628844/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Figs. 1A–1D</figureCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C35E6563FF85FFC32440FBC5FD68F91D" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF85FFC22440FBC5FAFEFB3F" blockId="4.[813,1468,1057,1936]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF85FFC22440FBC5FAF6FBB4" box="[813,1405,1059,1080]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">3.1.1.1.1 Synlophe (number of worms studied not provided).</emphasis>
Sections analyzed herein are those within proximal part of body: male (Fig. 16/1A) and female (Fig. 17/1B), and at midbody: male (Fig. 19/1C) and female (Fig. 20/1D). In all sections, lateral cords illustrated; ridges numbered in Figure 16/1A.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF85FFC22438FB5CFC3BFAC7" blockId="4.[813,1468,1057,1936]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF85FFC22438FB5CFBB6FB5D" box="[853,1085,1210,1233]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Within proximal body</emphasis>
: in both sexes, careen absent, synlophe with hypertrophied ventral ridge (ridge 5’, interpreted herein as comarete) and two large right ridges associated to right lateral cord; axis of orientation described as oblique by Smales [
<bibRefCitation id="EFD54B19FF85FFC224EAFAD2FC2AFAC7" author="Smales LR" box="[903,929,1332,1355]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="5 - 15" refId="ref29513" refString="30. Smales LR. 2009. Helminths of Melomys rufescens and Melomys spp. (Muridae: Hydromyinae) from Papua New Guinea with the descriptions of a new genus and five new species in the Heligmonellidae (Nematoda: Trichostrongyloidea). Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, 57, 5 - 15." type="journal article" year="2009">30</bibRefCitation>
].
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF85FFC22438FAB5FC09FA49" blockId="4.[813,1468,1057,1936]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<figureCitation id="137F2A6DFF85FFC22438FAB5FC4FFAE6" box="[853,964,1363,1386]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="5.[113,180,1430,1451]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,239,1402]" captionTargetId="figure-232@5.[151,1436,238,1402]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 1. Genus Melomystrongylus Smales, 2009. Body sections. A–D Melomystrongylus sepikensis Smales, 2009. A, B within proximal body. A male, B female; C, D at midbody. C male, D, female. E–H Melomystrongylus somoroensis Smales &amp; Heinrich, 2010. E, F within proximal body. E male, F female. G, G’ at midbody, male. H female “at posterior end of midbody” (sic). Sources: A–D redrawn from [30]. E–H redrawn from [45]. G’ modified figure, reversed on its frontal axis with respect to the original." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12628844" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12628844/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Figure 1A</figureCitation>
(male section): nine ridges irregularly spaced with three gaps (arrowheads) of which largest situated on right-ventral quadrant; tips of ridges 1 and 1’ divergent (curved arrows).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF85FFC22438FA2BFA17F98F" blockId="4.[813,1468,1057,1936]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<figureCitation id="137F2A6DFF85FFC22438FA2BFC30FA68" box="[853,955,1485,1508]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="5.[113,180,1430,1451]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,239,1402]" captionTargetId="figure-232@5.[151,1436,238,1402]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 1. Genus Melomystrongylus Smales, 2009. Body sections. A–D Melomystrongylus sepikensis Smales, 2009. A, B within proximal body. A male, B female; C, D at midbody. C male, D, female. E–H Melomystrongylus somoroensis Smales &amp; Heinrich, 2010. E, F within proximal body. E male, F female. G, G’ at midbody, male. H female “at posterior end of midbody” (sic). Sources: A–D redrawn from [30]. E–H redrawn from [45]. G’ modified figure, reversed on its frontal axis with respect to the original." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12628844" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12628844/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Figure 1B</figureCitation>
(female section): 12 ridges less irregularly spaced; gaps much smaller than those in male section (arrowheads).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF85FFC22438F9ECFA30F9F1" blockId="4.[813,1468,1057,1936]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF85FFC22438F9ECFC5CF9AD" box="[853,983,1546,1569]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">At midbody:</emphasis>
<figureCitation id="137F2A6DFF85FFC2248FF9ECFB39F9AD" box="[994,1202,1546,1569]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="5.[113,180,1430,1451]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,239,1402]" captionTargetId="figure-232@5.[151,1436,238,1402]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 1. Genus Melomystrongylus Smales, 2009. Body sections. A–D Melomystrongylus sepikensis Smales, 2009. A, B within proximal body. A male, B female; C, D at midbody. C male, D, female. E–H Melomystrongylus somoroensis Smales &amp; Heinrich, 2010. E, F within proximal body. E male, F female. G, G’ at midbody, male. H female “at posterior end of midbody” (sic). Sources: A–D redrawn from [30]. E–H redrawn from [45]. G’ modified figure, reversed on its frontal axis with respect to the original." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12628844" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12628844/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Figures 1C and 1D</figureCitation>
, synlophe very different from that within proximal body; ridges increased in number (14–16), small and subequal in size, lacking clear orientation. All features characterizing synlophe at proximal part disappear.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF85FFC22438F962FC3AF97B" blockId="4.[813,1468,1057,1936]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<figureCitation id="137F2A6DFF85FFC22438F962FC4EF917" box="[853,965,1668,1691]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="5.[113,180,1430,1451]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,239,1402]" captionTargetId="figure-232@5.[151,1436,238,1402]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 1. Genus Melomystrongylus Smales, 2009. Body sections. A–D Melomystrongylus sepikensis Smales, 2009. A, B within proximal body. A male, B female; C, D at midbody. C male, D, female. E–H Melomystrongylus somoroensis Smales &amp; Heinrich, 2010. E, F within proximal body. E male, F female. G, G’ at midbody, male. H female “at posterior end of midbody” (sic). Sources: A–D redrawn from [30]. E–H redrawn from [45]. G’ modified figure, reversed on its frontal axis with respect to the original." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12628844" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12628844/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Figure 1C</figureCitation>
(male section): all ridges subequal with no systematic orientation, most oriented perpendicularly to body surface; small ridge-free space present on right-ventral quadrant (arrowhead).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF85FFC22438F919FCF6F81C" blockId="4.[813,1468,1057,1936]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<figureCitation id="137F2A6DFF85FFC22438F919FC35F89A" box="[853,958,1791,1814]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="5.[113,180,1430,1451]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,239,1402]" captionTargetId="figure-232@5.[151,1436,238,1402]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 1. Genus Melomystrongylus Smales, 2009. Body sections. A–D Melomystrongylus sepikensis Smales, 2009. A, B within proximal body. A male, B female; C, D at midbody. C male, D, female. E–H Melomystrongylus somoroensis Smales &amp; Heinrich, 2010. E, F within proximal body. E male, F female. G, G’ at midbody, male. H female “at posterior end of midbody” (sic). Sources: A–D redrawn from [30]. E–H redrawn from [45]. G’ modified figure, reversed on its frontal axis with respect to the original." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12628844" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12628844/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Figure 1D</figureCitation>
(female section): right ventral ridges largest; two pairs of ridges with divergent tips present (curved arrows): one right-dorsal and one right-ventral; no ridges with convergent tips observable, remaining ridges mostly perpendicular to body surface.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF85FFC22440F84BFA07F873" blockId="4.[813,1467,1963,2047]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF85FFC22440F84BFAB5F84E" box="[813,1342,1965,1986]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
3.1.1.1.2 Bursa (illustrated in [
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]: Figs. 22 and 25).
</emphasis>
Figure 22: dorsal ray and rays 8, orientation not specified. Figure 25: left lobe, left ray 8 and left branch of dorsal ray, lateral view.
</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF84FFC3271CFA70FF44FA27" bold="true" box="[113,207,1430,1451]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Figure 1.</emphasis>
Genus
<taxonomicName id="4C444D6BFF84FFC3264DFA70FDD6FA27" authority="Smales, 2009" authorityName="Smales" authorityYear="2009" box="[288,605,1430,1451]" class="Chromadorea" family="Heligmosomidae" genus="Melomystrongylus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL,GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF84FFC3264DFA70FE44FA27" box="[288,463,1430,1451]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Melomystrongylus</emphasis>
Smales, 2009
</taxonomicName>
. Body sections. A–D
<taxonomicName id="4C444D6BFF84FFC3245AFA70FB57FA27" authority="Smales, 2009" authorityName="Smales" authorityYear="2009" box="[823,1244,1430,1451]" class="Chromadorea" family="Heligmosomidae" genus="Melomystrongylus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL,GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="sepikensis">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF84FFC3245AFA70FBC5FA27" box="[823,1102,1430,1451]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Melomystrongylus sepikensis</emphasis>
Smales, 2009
</taxonomicName>
. A, B within proximal body. A male, B female; C, D at midbody. C male, D, female. E–H
<taxonomicName id="4C444D6BFF84FFC3247FFA54FAC9FA4B" authority="Smales &amp; Heinrich, 2010" authorityName=", Smales &amp; Heinrich" authorityYear="2010" box="[786,1346,1458,1479]" class="Chromadorea" family="Heligmosomidae" genus="Melomystrongylus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL,GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="somoroensis">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF84FFC3247FFA54FBB4FA4B" box="[786,1087,1458,1479]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Melomystrongylus somoroensis</emphasis>
Smales &amp; Heinrich, 2010
</taxonomicName>
. E, F within proximal body. E male, F female. G, G’ at midbody, male. H female “at posterior end of midbody” (sic). Sources: A–D redrawn from [
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]. E–H redrawn from [
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]. G’ modified figure, reversed on its frontal axis with respect to the original.
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From the written description [
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]: bursa dissymmetrical with left lobe larger; left rays 2 and 3 longer than rays 4-6.
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3.2 Genus
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Smales &amp; Heinrich, 2010
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and sole species:
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Smales &amp; Heinrich, 2010
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<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF87FFC02438F950FC11F942" bold="true" box="[853,922,1718,1742]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Hosts:</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF87FFC02438F932FC36F960" bold="true" box="[853,957,1748,1772]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Host site:</emphasis>
small intestine.
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<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF87FFC02438F915FC6AF887" bold="true" box="[853,993,1779,1803]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Distribution:</emphasis>
New
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<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF87FFC02438F8F4FBB9F8A6" bold="true" box="[853,1074,1810,1834]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Original diagnosis:</emphasis>
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. Synlophe well developed, with 15 continuous longitudinal pointed ridges: anterior body with axis of orientation of ridges sub frontal in anterior, lacking orientation in mid and hind body. Bursa asymmetric, left lobe largest. Pattern of bursal rays 2-3. Dorsal ray divided distal to level of branching of rays 8 from dorsal trunk. Parasites of hydromyine murids
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[
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</mods:mods>
<treatment id="03ED87FEFF88FFCD2440FC72FB96F8C4" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03ED87FEFF88FFCD2440FC72FB96F8C4" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03ED87FEFF88FFCD2440FC72FB96F8C4" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="12" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<subSubSection id="C35E6563FF88FFCF2440FC72FA84FC24" box="[813,1295,916,936]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF88FFCF2440FC72FA84FC24" blockId="9.[813,1295,916,936]" box="[813,1295,916,936]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<heading id="D0B38184FF88FFCF2440FC72FA84FC24" box="[813,1295,916,936]" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" reason="4">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF88FFCF2440FC72FA84FC24" bold="true" box="[813,1295,916,936]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
3.3.1.1
<taxonomicName id="4C444D6BFF88FFCF2411FC72FBE4FC24" ID-CoL="9C8KF" authority="Smales &amp; Heinrich, 2010" authorityName="Smales &amp; Heinrich" authorityYear="2010" box="[892,1135,916,936]" class="Chromadorea" family="Heligmosomidae" genus="Montistrongylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="ingati">Montistrongylus ingati</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="137F2A6DFF88FFCF2312FC72FB7BFC24" box="[1151,1264,916,936]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="10.[113,180,1657,1678]" captionTargetBox="[151,1438,238,1616]" captionTargetId="figure-2@10.[151,1439,238,1616]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 3a. Montistrongylus Smales &amp; Heinrich, 2010. Body sections. A–D’ Montistrongylus ingati Smales &amp; Heinrich, 2010. A–B’ within proximal body. A male, B, B’ female. C–D’ at midbody. C male, D, D’ female. E–H’ Montistrongylus giluwensis Smales, 2011. E, F within proximal body. E male, F female. G–H’ at midbody. G, G’ male, H, H’ female. Sources: A, D redrawn from [45]; E–H redrawn from [33]. B’, D’, G’, H’ modified figures: B’ rotated ca. 75° counterclockwise with respect of the original. D’–H’ reinterpreted orientation of the axis (subfrontal). G’ reversed on its frontal axis then rotated 30° clockwise with respect to the original. H’ rotated ca. 10–20° counterclockwise with respect to the original." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12628848" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12628848/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Figs. 3A–3</figureCitation>
D’)
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C35E6563FF88FFCD2440FC26FB96F8C4" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="12" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF88FFCF2440FC26FAC6FBC1" blockId="9.[813,1467,960,2017]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF88FFCF2440FC26FC05FC7D" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">3.3.1.1.1 Synlophe (based on sections from six worms, sex not specified).</emphasis>
Sections analyzed herein are those within proximal body: male (Fig. 51/3A) and female (Fig. 52/3B) and at midbody: male (Fig. 54/3C) and female (Fig. 55/3D). Lateral cords illustrated; ridges numbered in sections at midbody.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF88FFCF2438FBB3FC3EFACD" blockId="9.[813,1467,960,2017]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF88FFCF2438FBB3FBCDFBE0" box="[853,1094,1109,1132]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Within proximal body:</emphasis>
in
<figureCitation id="137F2A6DFF88FFCF231DFBB2FB4EFBE7" box="[1136,1221,1108,1131]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="10.[113,180,1657,1678]" captionTargetBox="[151,1438,238,1616]" captionTargetId="figure-2@10.[151,1439,238,1616]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 3a. Montistrongylus Smales &amp; Heinrich, 2010. Body sections. A–D’ Montistrongylus ingati Smales &amp; Heinrich, 2010. A–B’ within proximal body. A male, B, B’ female. C–D’ at midbody. C male, D, D’ female. E–H’ Montistrongylus giluwensis Smales, 2011. E, F within proximal body. E male, F female. G–H’ at midbody. G, G’ male, H, H’ female. Sources: A, D redrawn from [45]; E–H redrawn from [33]. B’, D’, G’, H’ modified figures: B’ rotated ca. 75° counterclockwise with respect of the original. D’–H’ reinterpreted orientation of the axis (subfrontal). G’ reversed on its frontal axis then rotated 30° clockwise with respect to the original. H’ rotated ca. 10–20° counterclockwise with respect to the original." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12628848" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12628848/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 3A</figureCitation>
(male), two ridge sets alternating with two ridge free-spaces (arrowheads); ridge set 1 on left and ventral sides made up of nine ridges: four left ridges similar in size, perpendicular to body, smaller and more spaced than five ventral ridges with decreasing gradient in size from left to right, oriented from right to left except last ridge on the right; ridge set 2 made up of two minute ridges perpendicular to body.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF88FFCF2438FAAFFAC5FA74" blockId="9.[813,1467,960,2017]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<figureCitation id="137F2A6DFF88FFCF2438FAAFFC34FAEC" box="[853,959,1353,1376]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="10.[113,180,1657,1678]" captionTargetBox="[151,1438,238,1616]" captionTargetId="figure-2@10.[151,1439,238,1616]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 3a. Montistrongylus Smales &amp; Heinrich, 2010. Body sections. A–D’ Montistrongylus ingati Smales &amp; Heinrich, 2010. A–B’ within proximal body. A male, B, B’ female. C–D’ at midbody. C male, D, D’ female. E–H’ Montistrongylus giluwensis Smales, 2011. E, F within proximal body. E male, F female. G–H’ at midbody. G, G’ male, H, H’ female. Sources: A, D redrawn from [45]; E–H redrawn from [33]. B’, D’, G’, H’ modified figures: B’ rotated ca. 75° counterclockwise with respect of the original. D’–H’ reinterpreted orientation of the axis (subfrontal). G’ reversed on its frontal axis then rotated 30° clockwise with respect to the original. H’ rotated ca. 10–20° counterclockwise with respect to the original." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12628848" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12628848/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Figure 3B</figureCitation>
(female): three ridge sets alternating with three ridge free-spaces (arrowheads); ridge set 1 on left-dorsal side, made up of four minute ridges perpendicular to body; ridge set 2 on right-dorsal quadrant made up of seven minute ridges without clear orientation; ridge set 3 on mid-ventral side made up of five minute ridges, oriented from right to left.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF88FFCF2438F9E6FB0AF8A6" blockId="9.[813,1467,960,2017]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF88FFCF2438F9E6FC5FF99B" box="[853,980,1536,1559]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">At midbody:</emphasis>
in
<figureCitation id="137F2A6DFF88FFCF249BF9E6FBEBF99B" box="[1014,1120,1536,1559]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="10.[113,180,1657,1678]" captionTargetBox="[151,1438,238,1616]" captionTargetId="figure-2@10.[151,1439,238,1616]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 3a. Montistrongylus Smales &amp; Heinrich, 2010. Body sections. A–D’ Montistrongylus ingati Smales &amp; Heinrich, 2010. A–B’ within proximal body. A male, B, B’ female. C–D’ at midbody. C male, D, D’ female. E–H’ Montistrongylus giluwensis Smales, 2011. E, F within proximal body. E male, F female. G–H’ at midbody. G, G’ male, H, H’ female. Sources: A, D redrawn from [45]; E–H redrawn from [33]. B’, D’, G’, H’ modified figures: B’ rotated ca. 75° counterclockwise with respect of the original. D’–H’ reinterpreted orientation of the axis (subfrontal). G’ reversed on its frontal axis then rotated 30° clockwise with respect to the original. H’ rotated ca. 10–20° counterclockwise with respect to the original." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12628848" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12628848/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Figure 3C</figureCitation>
(male), two ridge sets alternating with two ridge-free spaces (arrowheads); ridge set 1 on left side, made up of nine small ridges (7’-1’, 1 and 2) similar in size, except ridges ventrally adjacent to left lateral cord (3’ and 4’), slightly larger; ridges regularly spaced; ridges 3’-1’, 1 and 2 plus ridge 7’ perpendicular to body surface; other ventral ridges slightly oriented from right to left. Ridge set 2 on right- dorsal quadrant, made up of six small ridges (3 to 8) similar in size and oriented from right to left (ridges 3 to 6) or perpendicularly to body surface (ridges 7 and 8).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF88FFCD2438F8D7FEA1F8C4" blockId="9.[813,1467,960,2017]" lastBlockId="11.[113,768,1780,1864]" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="12" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<figureCitation id="137F2A6DFF88FFCF2438F8D7FC4AF8C4" box="[853,961,1841,1864]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="10.[113,180,1657,1678]" captionTargetBox="[151,1438,238,1616]" captionTargetId="figure-2@10.[151,1439,238,1616]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 3a. Montistrongylus Smales &amp; Heinrich, 2010. Body sections. A–D’ Montistrongylus ingati Smales &amp; Heinrich, 2010. A–B’ within proximal body. A male, B, B’ female. C–D’ at midbody. C male, D, D’ female. E–H’ Montistrongylus giluwensis Smales, 2011. E, F within proximal body. E male, F female. G–H’ at midbody. G, G’ male, H, H’ female. Sources: A, D redrawn from [45]; E–H redrawn from [33]. B’, D’, G’, H’ modified figures: B’ rotated ca. 75° counterclockwise with respect of the original. D’–H’ reinterpreted orientation of the axis (subfrontal). G’ reversed on its frontal axis then rotated 30° clockwise with respect to the original. H’ rotated ca. 10–20° counterclockwise with respect to the original." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12628848" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12628848/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Figure 3D</figureCitation>
(female), three ridge sets alternating with three ridge-free spaces (arrowheads); ridge set
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front of left lateral cord, made up of three small ridges (3’ to 1’) similar in size and perpendicular to body surface; ridge set 2 on mid-dorsal quadrant, made up of five small ridges (1 to 5) similar in size, oriented from right to left except ridge 5, perpendicular to body surface; ridge set 3 on right-ventral quadrant, made up of six ridges (9’ to 4’) of which 4’ and 5’ slightly larger, all oriented from right to left.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF3B6660FF8BFFCC271CF99FFEC7F895" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12628848" ID-Zenodo-Dep="12628848" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12628848/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" startId="10.[113,180,1657,1678]" targetBox="[151,1438,238,1616]" targetPageId="10" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF8BFFCC271CF99FFEC7F895" blockId="10.[113,1467,1656,1817]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF8BFFCC271CF99FFF51F902" bold="true" box="[113,218,1657,1678]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Figure 3a.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C444D6BFF8BFFCC278BF99FFD0AF902" authority="Smales &amp; Heinrich, 2010" authorityName="Smales &amp; Heinrich" authorityYear="2010" box="[230,641,1657,1678]" class="Chromadorea" family="Heligmosomidae" genus="Montistrongylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF8BFFCC278BF99FFE0AF902" box="[230,385,1657,1678]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Montistrongylus</emphasis>
Smales &amp; Heinrich, 2010
</taxonomicName>
. Body sections. A–D’
<taxonomicName id="4C444D6BFF8BFFCC2430F99FFAB3F902" authority="Smales &amp; Heinrich, 2010" authorityName="Smales &amp; Heinrich" authorityYear="2010" box="[861,1336,1657,1678]" class="Chromadorea" family="Heligmosomidae" genus="Montistrongylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="ingati">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF8BFFCC2430F99FFBBCF902" box="[861,1079,1657,1678]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Montistrongylus ingati</emphasis>
Smales &amp; Heinrich, 2010
</taxonomicName>
. A–B’ within proximal body. A male, B, B’ female. C–D’ at midbody. C male, D, D’ female. E–H’
<taxonomicName id="4C444D6BFF8BFFCC24DEF973FACFF926" authority="Smales, 2011" authorityName="Smales" authorityYear="2011" box="[947,1348,1685,1706]" class="Chromadorea" family="Heligmosomidae" genus="Montistrongylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="giluwensis">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF8BFFCC24DEF973FB32F926" box="[947,1209,1685,1706]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Montistrongylus giluwensis</emphasis>
Smales, 2011
</taxonomicName>
. E, F within proximal body. E male, F female. G–H’ at midbody. G, G’ male, H, H’ female. Sources: A, D redrawn from [
<bibRefCitation id="EFD54B19FF8BFFCC23CFF957FB31F94A" author="Smales LR &amp; Heinrich B." box="[1186,1210,1713,1734]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="1 - 28" refId="ref30293" refString="45. Smales LR, Heinrich B. 2010. Gastrointestinal nematodes of Paramelomys rubex (Rodentia: Muridae) from Papua Indonesia and Papua New Guinea with the descriptions of three new genera and four new species of Heligmonellidae and Herpetostrongylidae (Nematoda: Trichostrongylida). Zootaxa, 2672, 1 - 28." type="journal article" year="2010">45</bibRefCitation>
]; E–H redrawn from [
<bibRefCitation id="EFD54B19FF8BFFCC22F8F957FA26F94A" author="Smales LR" box="[1429,1453,1713,1734]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="418 - 426" refId="ref29659" refString="33. Smales LR. 2011 b. Gastrointestinal nematodes of Coccymys ruemmleri (Rodentia, Muridae) with the description of Montistrongylus giluwensis sp. nov. (Heligmonellidae) and Syphacia coccymyos sp. nov. (Oxyuridae) from Papua New Guinea. Acta Parasitologica, 56, 418 - 426." type="journal article" year="2011">33</bibRefCitation>
]. B’, D’, G’, H’ modified figures: B’ rotated
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF8BFFCC257BF92BFDA7F96E" box="[534,556,1741,1762]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">ca</emphasis>
. 75° counterclockwise with respect of the original. D’–H’ reinterpreted orientation of the axis (subfrontal). G’ reversed on its frontal axis then rotated 30° clockwise with respect to the original. H’ rotated
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF8BFFCC2315F90FFB05F972" box="[1144,1166,1769,1790]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">ca</emphasis>
. 10–20° counterclockwise with respect to the original.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF3B6660FF8AFFCD271CF9B5FBA1F930" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12628850" ID-Zenodo-Dep="12628850" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12628850/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" startId="11.[113,180,1619,1640]" targetBox="[151,1415,248,1583]" targetPageId="11" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF8AFFCD271CF9B5FBA1F930" blockId="11.[113,1467,1619,1724]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF8AFFCD271CF9B5FF6BF9E4" bold="true" box="[113,224,1619,1640]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Figure 3b.</emphasis>
I–K
<taxonomicName id="4C444D6BFF8AFFCD2671F9B5FD29F9E4" authority="Smales, 2012" authorityName="Smales" authorityYear="2012" box="[284,674,1619,1640]" class="Chromadorea" family="Heligmosomidae" genus="Montistrongylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="karungi">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF8AFFCD2671F9B5FD86F9E4" box="[284,525,1619,1640]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Montistrongylus karungi</emphasis>
Smales, 2012
</taxonomicName>
. I, I’ within proximal body, male. J, K at midbody. J male, K female. L–O
<taxonomicName id="4C444D6BFF8AFFCD271CF989FD82F908" authority="Smales, 2015" authorityName="Smales" authorityYear="2015" box="[113,521,1647,1668]" class="Chromadorea" family="Heligmosomidae" genus="Montistrongylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="kaindiensis">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF8AFFCD271CF989FEF5F908" box="[113,382,1647,1668]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Montistrongylus kaindiensis</emphasis>
Smales, 2015
</taxonomicName>
. L, M within proximal body. L male, M female. N–O at midbody. N, N’ male, O female. Sources: I–K redrawn from [
<bibRefCitation id="EFD54B19FF8AFFCD2646F96DFEC8F92C" author="Smales LR" box="[299,323,1675,1696]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="214 - 218" refId="ref29764" refString="35. Smales LR. 2012. Helminths from Abeomelomys sevia (Rodentia: Muridae) with the description of a new species of Montistrongylus (Nematoda: Heligmonellidae) from Papua New Guinea. Comparative Parasitolog y, 79, 214 - 218." type="journal article" year="2012">35</bibRefCitation>
]; L–O redrawn from [
<bibRefCitation id="EFD54B19FF8AFFCD257AF96DFDA4F92C" author="Smales LR" box="[535,559,1675,1696]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="113 - 129" refId="ref29863" refString="37. Smales LR. 2015. Nematodes of Heligmonellidae (Strongylida) of Pogonomys championi and Pogonomys sylvestris (Rodentia: Muridae) from Papua New Guinea with description of five new species. Systematic Parasitology, 92, 113 - 129." type="journal article" year="2015">37</bibRefCitation>
]. I’, N’, modified figures. I’ body displaced inside the cuticle to obtain a section congruent with Figure 3K. N’ reversed on its sagittal axis then rotated 30° clockwise with respect to the original.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF8AFFCD271CF881FD7CF8F0" blockId="11.[113,768,1895,2039]" box="[113,759,1895,1916]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF8AFFCD271CF881FD7CF8F0" box="[113,759,1895,1916]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
3.3.1.1.2 Bursa (based on 7 worms; illustrated in [
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]: Figs. 63 and 65).
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF8AFFCD271CF862FB96F8C4" blockId="11.[113,768,1895,2039]" lastBlockId="11.[813,1467,1780,1864]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
Figure 63: dorsal ray and rays 8, orientation not specified; rays 8 dissymmetrical. Figure 65: bursa flattened out, orientation not specified, symmetrical diverging of rays 8 at base of dorsal ray. From the original written description [
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]: bursa slightly dissymmetrical with right lobe larger; dissymmetrical divergence of rays 8 from median part of dorsal ray; pattern of
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3-
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both lobes.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
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3.3 Genus
<taxonomicName id="4C444D6BFF88FFCF2791F91EFEDDF8BD" ID-CoL="9BBZ8" authority="Smales &amp; Heinrich, 2010" authorityName="Smales &amp; Heinrich" authorityYear="2010" class="Chromadorea" family="Heligmosomidae" genus="Montistrongylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF88FFCF2791F91EFD80F89D" bold="true" box="[252,523,1784,1809]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">MONTISTRONGYLUS</emphasis>
Smales &amp; Heinrich, 2010
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(
<figureCitation id="137F2A6DFF88FFCF2605F8FEFE24F8BD" box="[360,431,1816,1841]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="10.[113,180,1657,1678]" captionTargetBox="[151,1438,238,1616]" captionTargetId="figure-2@10.[151,1439,238,1616]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 3a. Montistrongylus Smales &amp; Heinrich, 2010. Body sections. A–D’ Montistrongylus ingati Smales &amp; Heinrich, 2010. A–B’ within proximal body. A male, B, B’ female. C–D’ at midbody. C male, D, D’ female. E–H’ Montistrongylus giluwensis Smales, 2011. E, F within proximal body. E male, F female. G–H’ at midbody. G, G’ male, H, H’ female. Sources: A, D redrawn from [45]; E–H redrawn from [33]. B’, D’, G’, H’ modified figures: B’ rotated ca. 75° counterclockwise with respect of the original. D’–H’ reinterpreted orientation of the axis (subfrontal). G’ reversed on its frontal axis then rotated 30° clockwise with respect to the original. H’ rotated ca. 10–20° counterclockwise with respect to the original." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12628848" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12628848/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
)
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species:
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<taxonomicName id="4C444D6BFF88FFCF2655F8A8FF23F80F" authority="Smales &amp; Heinrich, 2010" authorityName="Smales &amp; Heinrich" authorityYear="2010" class="Chromadorea" family="Heligmosomidae" genus="Montistrongylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="ingati">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF88FFCF2655F8A8FDAEF8E9" box="[312,549,1870,1893]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Montistrongylus ingati</emphasis>
Smales &amp; Heinrich, 2010
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.
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<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF88FFCF27F4F86CFF54F82E" bold="true" box="[153,223,1930,1954]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Hosts:</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C444D6BFF88FFCF278AF86DFECAF82E" box="[231,321,1931,1954]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Muridae</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C444D6BFF88FFCF2620F86DFE2FF82E" authorityName="Illiger" authorityYear="1811" box="[333,420,1931,1954]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Murinae">Murinae</taxonomicName>
(
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).
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<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF88FFCF27F4F84FFE89F84D" bold="true" box="[153,258,1961,1985]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Host site:</emphasis>
small intestine.
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<collectingCountry id="F3537678FF88FFCF2642F82EFE75F853" box="[303,510,1992,2015]" name="Papua New Guinea" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Papua New Guinea</collectingCountry>
.
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<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF88FFCF2438FF08FC7FFE8A" bold="true" box="[853,1012,238,262]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Other species:</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C444D6BFF88FFCF2490FF09FA3DFE8A" authority="Smales, 2011" authorityName="Smales" authorityYear="2011" box="[1021,1462,239,262]" class="Chromadorea" family="Heligmosomidae" genus="Montistrongylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="giluwensis">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF88FFCF2490FF09FA90FE8A" box="[1021,1307,239,262]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Montistrongylus giluwensis</emphasis>
Smales, 2011
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<taxonomicName id="4C444D6BFF88FFCF2440FEEBFB43FEA8" authority="Smales, 2012" authorityName="Smales" authorityYear="2012" box="[813,1224,269,292]" class="Chromadorea" family="Heligmosomidae" genus="Montistrongylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="karungi">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF88FFCF2440FEEBFBA5FEA8" box="[813,1070,269,292]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Montistrongylus karungi</emphasis>
Smales, 2012
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;
<taxonomicName id="4C444D6BFF88FFCF23B8FEEBFB87FECF" authority="Smales, 2015" authorityName="Smales" authorityYear="2015" class="Chromadorea" family="Heligmosomidae" genus="Montistrongylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="kaindiensis">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF88FFCF23B8FEEBFCFFFECF" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Montistrongylus kaindiensis</emphasis>
Smales, 2015
</taxonomicName>
.
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<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF88FFCF2439FEACFBAFFEEE" bold="true" box="[852,1060,330,354]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Original diagnosis:</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF88FFCF2345FEADFAF3FE13" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<taxonomicName id="4C444D6BFF88FFCF2345FEADFB61FEEE" box="[1064,1258,331,354]" pageId="9" pageNumber="9" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Nippostrongylinae">Nippostrongylinae</taxonomicName>
. Synlophe with up to 15 small pointed ridges, left ventral ridges largest: axis of orientation of ridges from ventral right to dorsal left, 55
</emphasis>
°
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF88FFCF22E7FE6EFA09FDBB" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">from sagittal axis at mid body, lacking careen. Bursa slightly asymmetrical, right lobe larger, dorsal lobe about same length as lateral lobes. Pattern of bursal rays 3-2. Rays 8 asymmetrical, left ray longer. Dorsal ray divided distal to level of branching of rays 8 from dorsal trunk. Parasites of hydromyine murids</emphasis>
[
<bibRefCitation id="EFD54B19FF88FFCF22FFFDC6FA27FDBB" author="Smales LR &amp; Heinrich B." box="[1426,1452,544,567]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="1 - 28" refId="ref30293" refString="45. Smales LR, Heinrich B. 2010. Gastrointestinal nematodes of Paramelomys rubex (Rodentia: Muridae) from Papua Indonesia and Papua New Guinea with the descriptions of three new genera and four new species of Heligmonellidae and Herpetostrongylidae (Nematoda: Trichostrongylida). Zootaxa, 2672, 1 - 28." type="journal article" year="2010">45</bibRefCitation>
].
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<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF88FFCF2440FDBDFAC4FDE3" bold="true" box="[813,1359,603,623]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">3.3.1 Analysis of data and difficulties encountered</emphasis>
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In the four species described, a careen is absent and the ridges are grouped into two or three sets alternating with two or three ridge-free spaces. Herein, for the description of the synlophe of each species, the ridge sets will be numbered (set 1, set 2, set 3) clockwise starting from the left (set 1). Axis of orientation described as oblique all along body by Smales &amp; Heinrich [
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<subSubSection id="C35E6563FF89FFCE271CFF08FE42FE92" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF89FFCE271CFF08FE42FE92" blockId="8.[113,660,238,286]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF89FFCE271CFF08FE42FE92" bold="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
3.2.1 Analysis of data and difficulties encountered
<taxonomicName id="4C444D6BFF89FFCE27C3FEECFE42FE92" authority="Smales &amp; Heinrich, 2010" authorityName="Smales &amp; Heinrich" authorityYear="2010" box="[174,457,266,286]" class="Chromadorea" family="Heligmosomidae" genus="Mawsonema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="mokwanense">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF89FFCE27C3FEECFE42FE92" bold="true" box="[174,457,266,286]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Mawsonema mokwanense</emphasis>
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</emphasis>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C35E6563FF89FFCF271CFEA4FEDEF94A" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="10" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF89FFCE271CFEA4FE0AFEFE" blockId="8.[113,768,322,1532]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF89FFCE271CFEA4FD26FEDA" bold="true" box="[113,685,322,343]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">3.2.1.1 Synlophe (based on sections from 10 worms,</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF89FFCE27ADFEB8FE0AFEFE" bold="true" box="[192,385,350,370]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">sex not specified)</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF89FFCE27F4FE9CFF2BFDEB" blockId="8.[113,768,322,1532]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
Sections analyzed herein are within proximal body: male (Fig. 21/2A) and female (Fig. 23/2F), at midbody: male (Fig. 24/2B) and female (Fig. 27/2C), and within distal body: male (Fig. 28/2D) and female (Fig. 33/2E). Lateral cords illustrated in all figures and ridges numbered in Figures 21/2A and 23/
<specimenCount id="9D42FD61FF89FFCE27ACFDF5FF68FDA6" box="[193,227,531,554]" count="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="generic">2F.</specimenCount>
Axis of orientation described as subfrontal in [
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] within proximal part, lacking orientation in middle and distal part.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF89FFCE27F4FD89FDC6FC8C" blockId="8.[113,768,322,1532]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF89FFCE27F4FD89FE43FD0A" box="[153,456,623,646]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Within proximal body (male)</emphasis>
: in
<figureCitation id="137F2A6DFF89FFCE269EFD89FDD6FD0A" box="[499,605,623,646]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="7.[113,180,1808,1829]" captionTargetBox="[227,1361,238,1765]" captionTargetId="figure-1@7.[227,1361,238,1765]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 2. Genus Mawsonema Smales &amp; Heinrich, 2010. Body sections. A–F’ Mawsonema mokwanense Smales &amp; Heinrich, 2010. A, A’ within proximal body, male. B, C at midbody. B male, C female. D, E within distal body. D male, E female. F, F’ within proximal body, female. A–E synlophe of type I. F, F’ synlophe of type II. Source: A–F redrawn from [45]. A’, F’ modified figures: reversed on their frontal axes with respect to the originals. F’ axis of orientation reinterpreted as subfrontal." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12628846" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12628846/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Figure 2A</figureCitation>
, careen absent; 15 ridges small to minute, regularly spaced; presence of gap on right-dorsal quadrant (arrowhead). Most ventral ridges perpendicular to body surface; dorsal ridges oriented from right to left. Excretory glands observed in dorsal position.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF89FFCE27F4FCEEFD68FC78" blockId="8.[113,768,322,1532]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF89FFCE27F4FCEEFE29FC93" box="[153,418,776,799]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">At midbody (both sexes)</emphasis>
: in
<figureCitation id="137F2A6DFF89FFCE26BBFCE1FD22FC92" box="[470,681,775,798]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="7.[113,180,1808,1829]" captionTargetBox="[227,1361,238,1765]" captionTargetId="figure-1@7.[227,1361,238,1765]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 2. Genus Mawsonema Smales &amp; Heinrich, 2010. Body sections. A–F’ Mawsonema mokwanense Smales &amp; Heinrich, 2010. A, A’ within proximal body, male. B, C at midbody. B male, C female. D, E within distal body. D male, E female. F, F’ within proximal body, female. A–E synlophe of type I. F, F’ synlophe of type II. Source: A–F redrawn from [45]. A’, F’ modified figures: reversed on their frontal axes with respect to the originals. F’ axis of orientation reinterpreted as subfrontal." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12628846" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12628846/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Figures 2B and 2C</figureCitation>
, careen absent; 15 minute ridges regularly spaced. In
<figureCitation id="137F2A6DFF89FFCE252AFCC0FD3BFCB1" box="[583,688,806,829]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="7.[113,180,1808,1829]" captionTargetBox="[227,1361,238,1765]" captionTargetId="figure-1@7.[227,1361,238,1765]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 2. Genus Mawsonema Smales &amp; Heinrich, 2010. Body sections. A–F’ Mawsonema mokwanense Smales &amp; Heinrich, 2010. A, A’ within proximal body, male. B, C at midbody. B male, C female. D, E within distal body. D male, E female. F, F’ within proximal body, female. A–E synlophe of type I. F, F’ synlophe of type II. Source: A–F redrawn from [45]. A’, F’ modified figures: reversed on their frontal axes with respect to the originals. F’ axis of orientation reinterpreted as subfrontal." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12628846" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12628846/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Figure 2B</figureCitation>
(male), on left-dorsal quadrant, small dilatation present supported by two ridges whose tips are slightly divergent (curved arrows). Remaining ridges perpendicular to body surface.
<figureCitation id="137F2A6DFF89FFCE25FCFC64FC8BFC15" box="[657,768,898,921]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="7.[113,180,1808,1829]" captionTargetBox="[227,1361,238,1765]" captionTargetId="figure-1@7.[227,1361,238,1765]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 2. Genus Mawsonema Smales &amp; Heinrich, 2010. Body sections. A–F’ Mawsonema mokwanense Smales &amp; Heinrich, 2010. A, A’ within proximal body, male. B, C at midbody. B male, C female. D, E within distal body. D male, E female. F, F’ within proximal body, female. A–E synlophe of type I. F, F’ synlophe of type II. Source: A–F redrawn from [45]. A’, F’ modified figures: reversed on their frontal axes with respect to the originals. F’ axis of orientation reinterpreted as subfrontal." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12628846" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12628846/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Figure 2C</figureCitation>
(female), on dorsal, right-dorsal quadrant, presence of 2 minute ridges pointing to opposite directions (curved arrows); remaining ridges oriented mainly from right-dorsal to ventral side.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF89FFCE27F4FC1AFF4CFB46" blockId="8.[113,768,322,1532]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF89FFCE27F4FC1AFE64FB9F" box="[153,495,1020,1043]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Within distal body (both sexes)</emphasis>
: in
<figureCitation id="137F2A6DFF89FFCE2549FC1AFD73FB9F" box="[548,760,1020,1043]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="7.[113,180,1808,1829]" captionTargetBox="[227,1361,238,1765]" captionTargetId="figure-1@7.[227,1361,238,1765]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 2. Genus Mawsonema Smales &amp; Heinrich, 2010. Body sections. A–F’ Mawsonema mokwanense Smales &amp; Heinrich, 2010. A, A’ within proximal body, male. B, C at midbody. B male, C female. D, E within distal body. D male, E female. F, F’ within proximal body, female. A–E synlophe of type I. F, F’ synlophe of type II. Source: A–F redrawn from [45]. A’, F’ modified figures: reversed on their frontal axes with respect to the originals. F’ axis of orientation reinterpreted as subfrontal." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12628846" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12628846/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Figures 2D and 2E</figureCitation>
, careen absent; in
<figureCitation id="137F2A6DFF89FFCE2659FBFCFE28FBBD" box="[308,419,1050,1073]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="7.[113,180,1808,1829]" captionTargetBox="[227,1361,238,1765]" captionTargetId="figure-1@7.[227,1361,238,1765]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 2. Genus Mawsonema Smales &amp; Heinrich, 2010. Body sections. A–F’ Mawsonema mokwanense Smales &amp; Heinrich, 2010. A, A’ within proximal body, male. B, C at midbody. B male, C female. D, E within distal body. D male, E female. F, F’ within proximal body, female. A–E synlophe of type I. F, F’ synlophe of type II. Source: A–F redrawn from [45]. A’, F’ modified figures: reversed on their frontal axes with respect to the originals. F’ axis of orientation reinterpreted as subfrontal." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12628846" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12628846/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Figure 2D</figureCitation>
(male) 14 ridges, in
<figureCitation id="137F2A6DFF89FFCE25FEFBFCFD74FBBD" box="[659,767,1050,1073]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="7.[113,180,1808,1829]" captionTargetBox="[227,1361,238,1765]" captionTargetId="figure-1@7.[227,1361,238,1765]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 2. Genus Mawsonema Smales &amp; Heinrich, 2010. Body sections. A–F’ Mawsonema mokwanense Smales &amp; Heinrich, 2010. A, A’ within proximal body, male. B, C at midbody. B male, C female. D, E within distal body. D male, E female. F, F’ within proximal body, female. A–E synlophe of type I. F, F’ synlophe of type II. Source: A–F redrawn from [45]. A’, F’ modified figures: reversed on their frontal axes with respect to the originals. F’ axis of orientation reinterpreted as subfrontal." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12628846" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12628846/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Figure 2E</figureCitation>
(female) 16 ridges minute and regularly spaced. Most ridges apparently perpendicular to body surface although in female, presence of small, mid-ventral dilatation supported by seven ridges including two with tips apparently divergent (curved arrows).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF89FFCE27F4FB34FE3FFA70" blockId="8.[113,768,322,1532]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF89FFCE27F4FB34FE5FFB65" box="[153,468,1234,1257]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Within proximal body (female)</emphasis>
: in
<figureCitation id="137F2A6DFF89FFCE2691FB34FDEBFB65" box="[508,608,1234,1257]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="7.[113,180,1808,1829]" captionTargetBox="[227,1361,238,1765]" captionTargetId="figure-1@7.[227,1361,238,1765]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 2. Genus Mawsonema Smales &amp; Heinrich, 2010. Body sections. A–F’ Mawsonema mokwanense Smales &amp; Heinrich, 2010. A, A’ within proximal body, male. B, C at midbody. B male, C female. D, E within distal body. D male, E female. F, F’ within proximal body, female. A–E synlophe of type I. F, F’ synlophe of type II. Source: A–F redrawn from [45]. A’, F’ modified figures: reversed on their frontal axes with respect to the originals. F’ axis of orientation reinterpreted as subfrontal." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12628846" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12628846/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Figure 2F</figureCitation>
, careen present (curved arrows on the left), made up of two ridges of which dorsal one larger than ventral one; 13 ridges (including careen) medium-sized to minute, almost regularly spaced, except for large gap on left-ventral quadrant (arrowhead). Tips of ridges 8 and 4’ divergent (curved arrows on the right); tip of ridge 5’ perpendicular to body surface. Remaining ridges oriented from right to left on dorsal and ventral sides. Axis of orientation of ridges oriented few degrees above frontal axis on right side, below frontal axis on left side.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF89FFCE271CF9C0FE1FF9DA" blockId="8.[113,768,1574,1836]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF89FFCE271CF9C0FD3AF9B6" bold="true" box="[113,689,1574,1594]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
3.2.1.2 Bursa (based on 12 worms, illustrated in [
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]:
</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF89FFCE27ADF9A4FE1FF9DA" bold="true" box="[192,404,1602,1622]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Figs. 32, 34 and 37)</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF89FFCE27F4F9B8FD94F95C" blockId="8.[113,768,1574,1836]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Figure 32: entire bursa partially unfolded, orientation not specified. Figure 34: distal part of rays 8 and dorsal ray, orientation not specified; rays not illustrated up to base. Figure 37: entire bursa closed showing ventral rays.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF89FFCE27F4F93EFF6EF8A0" blockId="8.[113,768,1574,1836]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
From the written description [
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]: bursa dissymmetrical with left lobe larger than right one and pattern of
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both lobes.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF89FFCE271CF8AEFEA9F8D0" blockId="8.[113,290,1863,1884]" box="[113,290,1863,1884]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF89FFCE271CF8AEFEA9F8D0" bold="true" box="[113,290,1863,1884]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">3.2.2 Comments</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF89FFCE271CF867FEADF819" blockId="8.[113,768,1920,2002]" box="[113,294,1920,1941]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF89FFCE271CF867FEADF819" bold="true" box="[113,294,1920,1941]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">3.2.2.1 Synlophe</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF89FFCE27F4F87BFAA0FDDA" blockId="8.[113,768,1920,2002]" lastBlockId="8.[813,1467,238,2003]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
Within the proximal part of the body, in the male section (
<figureCitation id="137F2A6DFF89FFCE2717F85DFF40F85E" box="[122,203,1979,2002]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="7.[113,180,1808,1829]" captionTargetBox="[227,1361,238,1765]" captionTargetId="figure-1@7.[227,1361,238,1765]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 2. Genus Mawsonema Smales &amp; Heinrich, 2010. Body sections. A–F’ Mawsonema mokwanense Smales &amp; Heinrich, 2010. A, A’ within proximal body, male. B, C at midbody. B male, C female. D, E within distal body. D male, E female. F, F’ within proximal body, female. A–E synlophe of type I. F, F’ synlophe of type II. Source: A–F redrawn from [45]. A’, F’ modified figures: reversed on their frontal axes with respect to the originals. F’ axis of orientation reinterpreted as subfrontal." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12628846" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12628846/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 2A</figureCitation>
) the dorsal position of the excretory glands seems at first sight unlikely since these glands reach the excretory pore, which is ventral by definition. However, the position of the excretory glands may be dorsal if the level of the section is distant enough from the excretory pore. Based only on the position of these glands, and without information on the exact level of the section, we cannot know if the dorso-ventral orientation of the section is right or not. Nevertheless, if
<figureCitation id="137F2A6DFF89FFCE2395FE40FACCFE31" box="[1272,1351,422,445]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="7.[113,180,1808,1829]" captionTargetBox="[227,1361,238,1765]" captionTargetId="figure-1@7.[227,1361,238,1765]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 2. Genus Mawsonema Smales &amp; Heinrich, 2010. Body sections. A–F’ Mawsonema mokwanense Smales &amp; Heinrich, 2010. A, A’ within proximal body, male. B, C at midbody. B male, C female. D, E within distal body. D male, E female. F, F’ within proximal body, female. A–E synlophe of type I. F, F’ synlophe of type II. Source: A–F redrawn from [45]. A’, F’ modified figures: reversed on their frontal axes with respect to the originals. F’ axis of orientation reinterpreted as subfrontal." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12628846" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12628846/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 2A</figureCitation>
is reversed on its frontal axis (
<figureCitation id="137F2A6DFF89FFCE2364FE22FBECFE50" box="[1033,1127,452,476]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="7.[113,180,1808,1829]" captionTargetBox="[227,1361,238,1765]" captionTargetId="figure-1@7.[227,1361,238,1765]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 2. Genus Mawsonema Smales &amp; Heinrich, 2010. Body sections. A–F’ Mawsonema mokwanense Smales &amp; Heinrich, 2010. A, A’ within proximal body, male. B, C at midbody. B male, C female. D, E within distal body. D male, E female. F, F’ within proximal body, female. A–E synlophe of type I. F, F’ synlophe of type II. Source: A–F redrawn from [45]. A’, F’ modified figures: reversed on their frontal axes with respect to the originals. F’ axis of orientation reinterpreted as subfrontal." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12628846" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12628846/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 2A’</figureCitation>
), the gap becomes right-rightventral, as it is frequent in the
<taxonomicName id="4C444D6BFF89FFCE231CFE05FAA4FE76" box="[1137,1327,483,506]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Nippostrongylinae">Nippostrongylinae</taxonomicName>
(arrowhead). Despite this reversion, there are still no groups of ridges oriented in opposite directions, and consequently it is not possible to determine an axis of orientation of the ridges.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF89FFCE2438FDBBFC49FCC6" blockId="8.[813,1467,238,2003]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
At midbody and within distal part of body (
<figureCitation id="137F2A6DFF89FFCE2245FDBBFA20FDF8" box="[1320,1451,605,629]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="7.[113,180,1808,1829]" captionTargetBox="[227,1361,238,1765]" captionTargetId="figure-1@7.[227,1361,238,1765]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 2. Genus Mawsonema Smales &amp; Heinrich, 2010. Body sections. A–F’ Mawsonema mokwanense Smales &amp; Heinrich, 2010. A, A’ within proximal body, male. B, C at midbody. B male, C female. D, E within distal body. D male, E female. F, F’ within proximal body, female. A–E synlophe of type I. F, F’ synlophe of type II. Source: A–F redrawn from [45]. A’, F’ modified figures: reversed on their frontal axes with respect to the originals. F’ axis of orientation reinterpreted as subfrontal." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12628846" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12628846/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Figs. 2B–2E</figureCitation>
), except for the presence of a pair of clearly divergent ridges in
<figureCitation id="137F2A6DFF89FFCE2440FD7CFC1CFD3D" box="[813,919,666,689]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="7.[113,180,1808,1829]" captionTargetBox="[227,1361,238,1765]" captionTargetId="figure-1@7.[227,1361,238,1765]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 2. Genus Mawsonema Smales &amp; Heinrich, 2010. Body sections. A–F’ Mawsonema mokwanense Smales &amp; Heinrich, 2010. A, A’ within proximal body, male. B, C at midbody. B male, C female. D, E within distal body. D male, E female. F, F’ within proximal body, female. A–E synlophe of type I. F, F’ synlophe of type II. Source: A–F redrawn from [45]. A’, F’ modified figures: reversed on their frontal axes with respect to the originals. F’ axis of orientation reinterpreted as subfrontal." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12628846" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12628846/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Figure 2C</figureCitation>
, the orientation of the ridges is rather disparate and it is likely that most ridges are in fact oriented perpendicularly to the body surface. The reason for the absence of an axis of orientation in these sections is the perpendicular orientation of the ridges, not a “loss of orientation” of these latter (as interpreted in [
<bibRefCitation id="EFD54B19FF89FFCE24F7FCD5FC3FFCC6" author="Smales LR &amp; Spratt DM" box="[922,948,819,842]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="85 - 94" refId="ref30391" refString="47. Smales LR, Spratt DM. 2008. Helminth assemblages of Uromys spp. (Muridae: Hydromyinae) from Australia, Papua New Guinea and Papua Indonesia and comparison with assemblages in Melomys spp. Australian Journal of Zoology, 56, 85 - 94." type="journal article" year="2008">47</bibRefCitation>
].
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF89FFCE2438FCB4FAA2FBAC" blockId="8.[813,1467,238,2003]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
Within the proximal part of another female (
<figureCitation id="137F2A6DFF89FFCE2235FCB4FA27FCE5" box="[1368,1452,850,873]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="7.[113,180,1808,1829]" captionTargetBox="[227,1361,238,1765]" captionTargetId="figure-1@7.[227,1361,238,1765]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 2. Genus Mawsonema Smales &amp; Heinrich, 2010. Body sections. A–F’ Mawsonema mokwanense Smales &amp; Heinrich, 2010. A, A’ within proximal body, male. B, C at midbody. B male, C female. D, E within distal body. D male, E female. F, F’ within proximal body, female. A–E synlophe of type I. F, F’ synlophe of type II. Source: A–F redrawn from [45]. A’, F’ modified figures: reversed on their frontal axes with respect to the originals. F’ axis of orientation reinterpreted as subfrontal." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12628846" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12628846/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 2F</figureCitation>
), several elements allow us to suggest that the original orientation of the section is erroneous: (1) the axis of orientation of the ridges is oriented from right dorsal side from left ventral side; (2) the dorsal ridge of the careen is larger than the ventral one; (3) the largest ridges are dorsal in position; and (4) dorsal ridges are more numerous than the ventral ones.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF89FFCE2438FBCEFA30FB7A" blockId="8.[813,1467,238,2003]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
Usually, in the
<taxonomicName id="4C444D6BFF89FFCE2496FBCEFB37FBB3" box="[1019,1212,1064,1087]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Nippostrongylinae">Nippostrongylinae</taxonomicName>
, (1) the axis of orientation of the ridges is oriented from the right-ventral to the left-dorsal quadrant or, at most, subfrontal; (2) when the ridges of the careen are unequal in size, the ventral ridge (1’) is always the largest; (3) other developed ridges are in mid-ventral or left-ventral position (never mid-dorsal); and (4) the ventral ridges are usually more (or as) numerous than the dorsal ridges.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF89FFCE2438FB1BFB01FA21" blockId="8.[813,1467,238,2003]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
For the orientation to be accurate,
<figureCitation id="137F2A6DFF89FFCE23B4FB1BFACFFA98" box="[1241,1348,1277,1300]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="7.[113,180,1808,1829]" captionTargetBox="[227,1361,238,1765]" captionTargetId="figure-1@7.[227,1361,238,1765]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 2. Genus Mawsonema Smales &amp; Heinrich, 2010. Body sections. A–F’ Mawsonema mokwanense Smales &amp; Heinrich, 2010. A, A’ within proximal body, male. B, C at midbody. B male, C female. D, E within distal body. D male, E female. F, F’ within proximal body, female. A–E synlophe of type I. F, F’ synlophe of type II. Source: A–F redrawn from [45]. A’, F’ modified figures: reversed on their frontal axes with respect to the originals. F’ axis of orientation reinterpreted as subfrontal." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12628846" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12628846/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Figure 2F</figureCitation>
should be reversed on its frontal axis (
<figureCitation id="137F2A6DFF89FFCE2326FAFAFB15FABF" box="[1099,1182,1307,1331]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="7.[113,180,1808,1829]" captionTargetBox="[227,1361,238,1765]" captionTargetId="figure-1@7.[227,1361,238,1765]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 2. Genus Mawsonema Smales &amp; Heinrich, 2010. Body sections. A–F’ Mawsonema mokwanense Smales &amp; Heinrich, 2010. A, A’ within proximal body, male. B, C at midbody. B male, C female. D, E within distal body. D male, E female. F, F’ within proximal body, female. A–E synlophe of type I. F, F’ synlophe of type II. Source: A–F redrawn from [45]. A’, F’ modified figures: reversed on their frontal axes with respect to the originals. F’ axis of orientation reinterpreted as subfrontal." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12628846" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12628846/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 2F’</figureCitation>
). In the re-oriented section, the axis of orientation of the ridges becomes subfrontal, it is determined by ridges 4 and 8’ (divergent) on the right (ridge 5 being perpendicular to body surface) and 1 and 1’ (convergent) on the left (curved arrows).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF89FFCE2438FA53FB85F8D5" blockId="8.[813,1467,238,2003]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
Smales &amp; Heinrich [
<bibRefCitation id="EFD54B19FF89FFCE233AFA53FBFAFA40" author="Smales LR &amp; Heinrich B." box="[1111,1137,1461,1484]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="1 - 28" refId="ref30293" refString="45. Smales LR, Heinrich B. 2010. Gastrointestinal nematodes of Paramelomys rubex (Rodentia: Muridae) from Papua Indonesia and Papua New Guinea with the descriptions of three new genera and four new species of Heligmonellidae and Herpetostrongylidae (Nematoda: Trichostrongylida). Zootaxa, 2672, 1 - 28." type="journal article" year="2010">45</bibRefCitation>
] stated in the “Remarks”: “
<taxonomicName id="4C444D6BFF89FFCE2455FA35FC30FA66" authorityName="Durette-Desset &amp; Digiani" authorityYear="2023" box="[824,955,1491,1514]" class="Chromadorea" family="Heligmosomidae" genus="Mawsonema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF89FFCE2455FA35FC30FA66" box="[824,955,1491,1514]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Mawsonema</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2035781FF89FFCE24ACFA35FB83FA66" box="[961,1032,1491,1514]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" rank="genus">n. gen.</taxonomicNameLabel>
has all the characteristics of the subfamily
<taxonomicName id="4C444D6BFF89FFCE2440FA14FC60F985" box="[813,1003,1522,1545]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Nippostrongylinae">Nippostrongylinae</taxonomicName>
except that the orientation of synlophe ridges exceeds the range given by Durette-Desset [
<bibRefCitation id="EFD54B19FF89FFCE220FF9F6FAE4F9AB" author="Durette-Desset M-C." box="[1378,1391,1552,1575]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="1 - 86" refId="ref28442" refString="4. Durette-Desset M-C. 1983. Keys to the genera of the superfamily Trichostrongyloidea, in CIH keys to the Nematode Parasites of Vertebrates. Anderson RC, Chabaud AG, Editors. Commonwealth Agricultural Bureaux International: Wallingford. p. 1 - 86." type="book chapter" year="1983">4</bibRefCitation>
]”. We believe that the “range” to which the authors refer is the range of the inclination of the axis of orientation of the ridges which, following [
<bibRefCitation id="EFD54B19FF89FFCE2480F98AFC71F90F" author="Durette-Desset M-C." box="[1005,1018,1644,1667]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="1 - 86" refId="ref28442" refString="4. Durette-Desset M-C. 1983. Keys to the genera of the superfamily Trichostrongyloidea, in CIH keys to the Nematode Parasites of Vertebrates. Anderson RC, Chabaud AG, Editors. Commonwealth Agricultural Bureaux International: Wallingford. p. 1 - 86." type="book chapter" year="1983">4</bibRefCitation>
], in the
<taxonomicName id="4C444D6BFF89FFCE2339F98AFA98F90F" box="[1108,1299,1644,1667]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Nippostrongylinae">Nippostrongylinae</taxonomicName>
ranges between 45° and 67° to the sagittal axis. However, since 1983, the separation of subfamilies based only on the inclination of the axis of orientation has become less reliable since, based on more recent data, the inclination of the axis in the
<taxonomicName id="4C444D6BFF89FFCE22E6F900FC4EF890" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Nippostrongylinae">Nippostrongylinae</taxonomicName>
actually ranges from 25° to 90° to the sagittal axis, a range which overlaps with that of the Pudicinae and the Brevistiatinae [
<bibRefCitation id="EFD54B19FF89FFCE249FF8A4FC74F8D5" author="Beveridge I &amp; Spratt DM &amp; Durette-Desset M-C." box="[1010,1023,1858,1881]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="557 - 612" refId="ref28306" refString="1. Beveridge I, Spratt DM, Durette-Desset M-C. 2013. Order Strongylida (Railliet &amp; Henry, 1913), in Handbook of Zoology Gastrotricha, Cycloneuralia and Gnathifera Vol 2 Nematoda. Schmidt-Rhaesa A, Editor. De Gruyter: Berlin. p. 557 - 612." type="book chapter" year="2013">1</bibRefCitation>
].
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF89FFCE2438F886FBCFF85F" blockId="8.[813,1467,238,2003]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
Nevertheless, we interpret the “exceptional” inclination (below the frontal axis) alleged by Smales &amp; Heinrich [
<bibRefCitation id="EFD54B19FF89FFCE2216F899FA1EF81A" author="Smales LR &amp; Heinrich B." box="[1403,1429,1919,1942]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="1 - 28" refId="ref30293" refString="45. Smales LR, Heinrich B. 2010. Gastrointestinal nematodes of Paramelomys rubex (Rodentia: Muridae) from Papua Indonesia and Papua New Guinea with the descriptions of three new genera and four new species of Heligmonellidae and Herpetostrongylidae (Nematoda: Trichostrongylida). Zootaxa, 2672, 1 - 28." type="journal article" year="2010">45</bibRefCitation>
] in
<taxonomicName id="4C444D6BFF89FFCE2440F878FC3BF839" authorityName="Durette-Desset &amp; Digiani" authorityYear="2023" box="[813,944,1950,1973]" class="Chromadorea" family="Heligmosomidae" genus="Mawsonema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF89FFCE2440F878FC3BF839" box="[813,944,1950,1973]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Mawsonema</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as a misinterpretation of the orientation of the section 2F (treated above).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF88FFCF271CFF08FE8BFE8E" blockId="9.[113,768,238,473]" box="[113,256,238,258]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF88FFCF271CFF08FE8BFE8E" bold="true" box="[113,256,238,258]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">3.2.2.2 Bursa</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF88FFCF27F4FEECFE0FFEF0" blockId="9.[113,768,238,473]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">In Figure 32, judging from the bursal shape and the position of the drawing strokes, the bursa is in ventral view. The ray bases are not illustrated. In Figure 37, only the divergence of rays 2 and 3 is illustrated.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF88FFCF27F4FE62FF6AFE54" blockId="9.[113,768,238,473]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Without description or illustration of the origin or level of divergence of rays 4-6 and 8, the bursal pattern cannot be confirmed.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF88FFCF271CFE14FEA2FD8A" blockId="9.[113,297,497,518]" box="[113,297,497,518]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF88FFCF271CFE14FEA2FD8A" bold="true" box="[113,297,497,518]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">3.2.3 Conclusion</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF88FFCF271CFDCCFEADFDB3" blockId="9.[113,769,554,1247]" box="[113,294,554,575]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF88FFCF271CFDCCFEADFDB3" bold="true" box="[113,294,554,575]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">3.2.3.1 Synlophe</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF88FFCF27F4FDA0FD72FCDE" blockId="9.[113,769,554,1247]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
Smales &amp; Heinrich [
<bibRefCitation id="EFD54B19FF88FFCF261EFDA0FE06FDD1" author="Smales LR &amp; Heinrich B." box="[371,397,582,605]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="1 - 28" refId="ref30293" refString="45. Smales LR, Heinrich B. 2010. Gastrointestinal nematodes of Paramelomys rubex (Rodentia: Muridae) from Papua Indonesia and Papua New Guinea with the descriptions of three new genera and four new species of Heligmonellidae and Herpetostrongylidae (Nematoda: Trichostrongylida). Zootaxa, 2672, 1 - 28." type="journal article" year="2010">45</bibRefCitation>
] studied the synlophe on
<specimenCount id="9D42FD61FF88FFCF25CDFDA0FF2CFDF0" count="10" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="generic">10 specimens</specimenCount>
but only 6 body sections were illustrated. It is not indicated if all body sections provided were taken from six different worms or made at different levels on
<specimenCount id="9D42FD61FF88FFCF2698FD44FDDFFD35" box="[501,596,674,697]" count="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="male">one male</specimenCount>
and
<specimenCount id="9D42FD61FF88FFCF25EAFD44FD76FD35" box="[647,765,674,697]" count="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="female">one female</specimenCount>
. Anyway, it is possible to state that the female synlophe illustrated on
<figureCitation id="137F2A6DFF88FFCF27B8FD39FEB0FD7A" box="[213,315,735,758]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="7.[113,180,1808,1829]" captionTargetBox="[227,1361,238,1765]" captionTargetId="figure-1@7.[227,1361,238,1765]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 2. Genus Mawsonema Smales &amp; Heinrich, 2010. Body sections. A–F’ Mawsonema mokwanense Smales &amp; Heinrich, 2010. A, A’ within proximal body, male. B, C at midbody. B male, C female. D, E within distal body. D male, E female. F, F’ within proximal body, female. A–E synlophe of type I. F, F’ synlophe of type II. Source: A–F redrawn from [45]. A’, F’ modified figures: reversed on their frontal axes with respect to the originals. F’ axis of orientation reinterpreted as subfrontal." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12628846" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12628846/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Figure 2F</figureCitation>
is very different from the others by having a well-developed careen, leading us to suggest that two different genera are present within the studied material. Based on the elements listed above,
<specimenCount id="9D42FD61FF88FFCF262CFCDDFE2EFCDE" box="[321,421,827,850]" count="2" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="generic" typeStatus="types">two types</specimenCount>
of synlophe could be described:
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF88FFCF27F4FCBFFD4BFBA4" blockId="9.[113,769,554,1247]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF88FFCF27F4FCBFFF50FCFC" box="[153,219,857,880]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<typeStatus id="54FF884AFF88FFCF27F4FCBFFF40FCFC" box="[153,203,857,880]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Type</typeStatus>
I
</emphasis>
: characterized by the absence of careen along whole body. With 15 ridges in male,
<quantity id="4CBC9B0DFF88FFCF26DFFC9EFE63FC03" box="[434,488,888,911]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.318" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" unit="in" value="17.0">17 in</quantity>
female at mid-body,
<quantity id="4CBC9B0DFF88FFCF25A4FC9EFD74FC03" box="[713,767,888,911]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.81" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" unit="in" value="15.0">15 in</quantity>
male,
<quantity id="4CBC9B0DFF88FFCF27DFFC70FF63FC21" box="[178,232,918,941]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.064" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" unit="in" value="16.0">16 in</quantity>
female within distal part. Ridges subequal, minute and regularly spaced. Within proximal part, ventral and left-ventral ridges oriented from right to left. At midbody and within distal part of body, no axis of orientation, most ridges being apparently perpendicular to body surface (
<figureCitation id="137F2A6DFF88FFCF2543FBF7FD39FBA4" box="[558,690,1040,1064]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="7.[113,180,1808,1829]" captionTargetBox="[227,1361,238,1765]" captionTargetId="figure-1@7.[227,1361,238,1765]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 2. Genus Mawsonema Smales &amp; Heinrich, 2010. Body sections. A–F’ Mawsonema mokwanense Smales &amp; Heinrich, 2010. A, A’ within proximal body, male. B, C at midbody. B male, C female. D, E within distal body. D male, E female. F, F’ within proximal body, female. A–E synlophe of type I. F, F’ synlophe of type II. Source: A–F redrawn from [45]. A’, F’ modified figures: reversed on their frontal axes with respect to the originals. F’ axis of orientation reinterpreted as subfrontal." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12628846" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12628846/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Figs. 2A–2E</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF88FFCF27F4FBC9FD22FB53" blockId="9.[113,769,554,1247]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF88FFCF27F4FBC9FF68FBCA" box="[153,227,1071,1094]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<typeStatus id="54FF884AFF88FFCF27F4FBC9FF40FBCA" box="[153,203,1071,1094]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Type</typeStatus>
<collectionCode id="ED55AE2DFF88FFCF27BEFBC9FF68FBCA" box="[211,227,1071,1094]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">II</collectionCode>
</emphasis>
: Only represented by a female section within proximal part of body (
<figureCitation id="137F2A6DFF88FFCF262BFBA8FE1EFBE9" box="[326,405,1102,1125]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="7.[113,180,1808,1829]" captionTargetBox="[227,1361,238,1765]" captionTargetId="figure-1@7.[227,1361,238,1765]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 2. Genus Mawsonema Smales &amp; Heinrich, 2010. Body sections. A–F’ Mawsonema mokwanense Smales &amp; Heinrich, 2010. A, A’ within proximal body, male. B, C at midbody. B male, C female. D, E within distal body. D male, E female. F, F’ within proximal body, female. A–E synlophe of type I. F, F’ synlophe of type II. Source: A–F redrawn from [45]. A’, F’ modified figures: reversed on their frontal axes with respect to the originals. F’ axis of orientation reinterpreted as subfrontal." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12628846" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12628846/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 2F</figureCitation>
). Characterized by a careen supported by two small ridges. With 13 ridges including the careen. Gap present on left-dorsal quadrant. Ridges of right-ventral quadrant most developed, but not larger than the ridges of the careen. Axis of orientation probably subfrontal.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF88FFCF271CFAE0FE8BFA96" blockId="9.[113,768,1286,1735]" box="[113,256,1286,1306]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF88FFCF271CFAE0FE8BFA96" bold="true" box="[113,256,1286,1306]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">3.2.3.2 Bursa</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF88FFCF27F4FAC4FF5DFA5E" blockId="9.[113,768,1286,1735]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
From the illustrations and the written description, it is not possible to confirm the pattern of the bursa. Twelve worms were studied but only one is described and illustrated, whereas
<specimenCount id="9D42FD61FF88FFCF27A1FA98FEA4FA19" box="[204,303,1406,1429]" count="2" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="generic" typeStatus="types">two types</specimenCount>
of synlophe have been highlighted. We have no data to attribute the described bursa to a given
<typeStatus id="54FF884AFF88FFCF25DCFA7AFD55FA3F" box="[689,734,1436,1459]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">type</typeStatus>
of synlophe.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF88FFCF27F4FA3FFEDEF94A" blockId="9.[113,768,1286,1735]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
There seem to be two taxa concerned in the description of this species (each characterized by a different synlophe): “
<taxonomicName id="4C444D6BFF88FFCF2710F9F1FEB9F9A2" box="[125,306,1559,1582]" class="Chromadorea" family="Heligmosomidae" genus="Mawsonema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="mockwanense">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF88FFCF2710F9F1FEB9F9A2" box="[125,306,1559,1582]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">M. mockwanense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
” and a
<taxonomicName id="4C444D6BFF88FFCF26E3F9F0FDC6F9A1" box="[398,589,1558,1581]" pageId="9" pageNumber="9" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Nippostrongylinae">Nippostrongylinae</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF88FFCF253AF9F1FDFEF9A2" box="[599,629,1559,1582]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">i.s.</emphasis>
1. Since we do not know what type of synlophe the
<typeStatus id="54FF884AFF88FFCF254DF9D3FDF1F9C0" box="[544,634,1589,1612]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
corresponds to,
<taxonomicName id="4C444D6BFF88FFCF27FAF9B2FE21F9E7" authorityName="Smales &amp; Heinrich" authorityYear="2010" box="[151,426,1620,1643]" class="Chromadorea" family="Heligmosomidae" genus="Mawsonema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="mokwanense">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF88FFCF27FAF9B2FE21F9E7" box="[151,426,1620,1643]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Mawsonema mokwanense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is considered a
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF88FFCF250EF9B2FF28F906" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">species inquirenda</emphasis>
. Being the type species of the genus, it is impossible to give a precise definition of it. We thus consider
<taxonomicName id="4C444D6BFF88FFCF2511F977FD74F924" authorityName="Durette-Desset &amp; Digiani" authorityYear="2023" box="[636,767,1681,1704]" class="Chromadorea" family="Heligmosomidae" genus="Mawsonema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF88FFCF2511F977FD74F924" box="[636,767,1681,1704]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Mawsonema</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
a
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF88FFCF27E8F956FEC6F94B" box="[133,333,1712,1735]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">genus inquirendum</emphasis>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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<document id="A86C9E189DA724E9DFBFF35D862386D5" ID-DOI="10.1051/parasite/2023058" ID-ISSN="1776-1042" ID-PMC="PMC10732140" ID-PubMed="38117273" ID-Zenodo-Dep="12628842" ID-ZooBank="DC25665A-E218-496B-974E-B813F69395E5" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="guilherme" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="guilherme" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="guilherme" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="GgImagineBatch,operationResults" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="guilherme" IM.treatments_approvedBy="guilherme" checkinTime="1719954839333" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Durette-Desset, Marie-Claude &amp; Digiani, María Celina" docDate="2023" docId="03ED87FEFF8AFFCA2440F89CFD46F89F" docLanguage="en" docName="Parasite.30.63.pdf" docOrigin="Parasite (Paris, France) 30 (63)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/parasite/2023058" docStyle="DocumentStyle:A40D95A4C09C797DBB807E438D2BF437.2:Parasite.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="A40D95A4C09C797DBB807E438D2BF437" docStyleName="Parasite.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="2" docTitle="Montistrongylus giluwensis Smales 2011" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="13" masterDocId="FFD4FF86FF81FFC6276DFFE6FF8BFF8C" masterDocTitle="Revision of the genera of Heligmonellidae (Nematoda, Heligmosomoidea), parasitic in Muridae from New Guinea" masterLastPageNumber="34" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="12" updateTime="1728046454050" updateUser="guilherme" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:title id="2B7D85D5E77803DA88AD810906AAF222">Revision of the genera of Heligmonellidae (Nematoda, Heligmosomoidea), parasitic in Muridae from New Guinea</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="FA944FB083E46C919C726BFBF62542CF">Durette-Desset, Marie-Claude</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="CBE9E1F97C3C3223628218AB2BD668CC">Institut de Systématique, Évolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB), Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, CNRS, Sorbonne Université,</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="0782DBA6B49931E3D05BA1D79E0E2BC5">Digiani, María Celina</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="15904061407C6660CE5CC8DD805605CF">CONICET-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Argentina &amp; División Zoología Invertebrados, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, Universidad Nacional de La Plata,</mods:affiliation>
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<treatment id="03ED87FEFF8AFFCA2440F89CFD46F89F" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03ED87FEFF8AFFCA2440F89CFD46F89F" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03ED87FEFF8AFFCA2440F89CFD46F89F" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="13" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<subSubSection id="C35E6563FF8AFFCD2440F89CFACEF802" box="[813,1349,1914,1934]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF8AFFCD2440F89CFACEF802" blockId="11.[813,1349,1914,1934]" box="[813,1349,1914,1934]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<heading id="D0B38184FF8AFFCD2440F89CFACEF802" box="[813,1349,1914,1934]" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" reason="4">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF8AFFCD2440F89CFACEF802" bold="true" box="[813,1349,1914,1934]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
3.3.1.2
<taxonomicName id="4C444D6BFF8AFFCD2411F89CFB2CF802" authority="Smales, 2011" authorityName="Smales" authorityYear="2011" box="[892,1191,1914,1934]" class="Chromadorea" family="Heligmosomidae" genus="Montistrongylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="giluwensis">Montistrongylus giluwensis</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="137F2A6DFF8AFFCD23DBF89CFAADF802" box="[1206,1318,1914,1934]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="10.[113,180,1657,1678]" captionTargetBox="[151,1438,238,1616]" captionTargetId="figure-2@10.[151,1439,238,1616]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 3a. Montistrongylus Smales &amp; Heinrich, 2010. Body sections. A–D’ Montistrongylus ingati Smales &amp; Heinrich, 2010. A–B’ within proximal body. A male, B, B’ female. C–D’ at midbody. C male, D, D’ female. E–H’ Montistrongylus giluwensis Smales, 2011. E, F within proximal body. E male, F female. G–H’ at midbody. G, G’ male, H, H’ female. Sources: A, D redrawn from [45]; E–H redrawn from [33]. B’, D’, G’, H’ modified figures: B’ rotated ca. 75° counterclockwise with respect of the original. D’–H’ reinterpreted orientation of the axis (subfrontal). G’ reversed on its frontal axis then rotated 30° clockwise with respect to the original. H’ rotated ca. 10–20° counterclockwise with respect to the original." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12628848" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12628848/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Figs. 3E–3</figureCitation>
H’)
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C35E6563FF8AFFCA2440F840FD46F89F" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="13" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF8AFFCD2440F840FA38F837" blockId="11.[813,1467,1957,2040]" box="[813,1459,1957,1979]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF8AFFCD2440F840FA38F837" box="[813,1459,1957,1979]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">3.3.1.2.1 Synlophe (based on sections from six worms, sex not specified).</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF8AFFCA2440F824FED8FECF" blockId="11.[813,1467,1957,2040]" lastBlockId="12.[113,768,239,1515]" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="13" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
Sections analyzed herein are those within proximal part of body: male (
<figureCitation id="137F2A6DFF8AFFCD2403F807FC21F874" box="[878,938,2017,2040]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="15.[113,180,893,914]" captionTargetBox="[144,1429,238,855]" captionTargetId="figure-585@15.[144,1430,238,855]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Figure 4. Genus Pogonomystrongylus Smales, 2014. Body sections. A–D’ Pogonomystrongylus domaensis Smales, 2014. A–B’ within proximal body. A, A’ male, B, B’ female. C–D’ at midbody. C, C’ male, D, D’ female. Source: A–D redrawn from [36]. A’–D’, modified figures: A’–C’ reversed on their frontal axes with respect to the originals, then slightly rotated clockwise. D’ rotated 45° clockwise." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12628852" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12628852/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
/3E) and female (Fig. 14/3F) and at midbody: male (
<figureCitation id="137F2A6DFF8DFFCA2717FF09FF3DFE8A" box="[122,182,239,262]" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="23.[113,180,1883,1904]" captionTargetBox="[151,1437,238,1858]" captionTargetId="figure-1@23.[151,1437,238,1858]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="Figure 9. Genus Flannerystrongylus Smales, 2019. Body sections. A–C Flannerystrongylus abulus Smales, 2019. A, A’ within proximal body, female. B, C at midbody. B male, C female. D–E’ Flannerystrongylus chisholmae Smales, 2020. D–E’ at midbody. D, D’ male. E, E’ female. Abbreviation: cu, cuticle. Sources: A–C redrawn from [42]; D, E redrawn from [43]. A’, B’, D’, E’: modified figures: A’ rotation clockwise, re-numbering of ridges with respect to the original. B’ rotation clockwise. D’, E’ addition of external cuticular lining. D’ re-numbering of ridges." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12628866" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12628866/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
/3G) and female (Fig. 16/3H); lateral cords illustrated in
<figureCitation id="137F2A6DFF8DFFCA271CFEEBFF5FFEA8" box="[113,212,269,292]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="15.[113,180,893,914]" captionTargetBox="[144,1429,238,855]" captionTargetId="figure-585@15.[144,1430,238,855]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Figure 4. Genus Pogonomystrongylus Smales, 2014. Body sections. A–D’ Pogonomystrongylus domaensis Smales, 2014. A–B’ within proximal body. A, A’ male, B, B’ female. C–D’ at midbody. C, C’ male, D, D’ female. Source: A–D redrawn from [36]. A’–D’, modified figures: A’–C’ reversed on their frontal axes with respect to the originals, then slightly rotated clockwise. D’ rotated 45° clockwise." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12628852" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12628852/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Figures 4</figureCitation>
/3E and 14/3F; ridges numbered in
<figureCitation id="137F2A6DFF8DFFCA2526FEEBFD25FEA8" box="[587,686,269,292]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="15.[113,180,893,914]" captionTargetBox="[144,1429,238,855]" captionTargetId="figure-585@15.[144,1430,238,855]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Figure 4. Genus Pogonomystrongylus Smales, 2014. Body sections. A–D’ Pogonomystrongylus domaensis Smales, 2014. A–B’ within proximal body. A, A’ male, B, B’ female. C–D’ at midbody. C, C’ male, D, D’ female. Source: A–D redrawn from [36]. A’–D’, modified figures: A’–C’ reversed on their frontal axes with respect to the originals, then slightly rotated clockwise. D’ rotated 45° clockwise." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12628852" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12628852/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Figures 4</figureCitation>
/3E and 16/3H; careen absent.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF8DFFCA27F4FEACFEF0FE0C" blockId="12.[113,768,239,1515]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">In all sections, three ridge sets alternating with three ridge-free spaces (arrowheads).</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF8DFFCA27F4FE6EFD7AFD3D" blockId="12.[113,768,239,1515]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF8DFFCA27F4FE6EFE0EFE13" box="[153,389,392,415]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Within proximal body:</emphasis>
in
<figureCitation id="137F2A6DFF8DFFCA26C4FE61FD9BFE12" box="[425,528,391,414]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="10.[113,180,1657,1678]" captionTargetBox="[151,1438,238,1616]" captionTargetId="figure-2@10.[151,1439,238,1616]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 3a. Montistrongylus Smales &amp; Heinrich, 2010. Body sections. A–D’ Montistrongylus ingati Smales &amp; Heinrich, 2010. A–B’ within proximal body. A male, B, B’ female. C–D’ at midbody. C male, D, D’ female. E–H’ Montistrongylus giluwensis Smales, 2011. E, F within proximal body. E male, F female. G–H’ at midbody. G, G’ male, H, H’ female. Sources: A, D redrawn from [45]; E–H redrawn from [33]. B’, D’, G’, H’ modified figures: B’ rotated ca. 75° counterclockwise with respect of the original. D’–H’ reinterpreted orientation of the axis (subfrontal). G’ reversed on its frontal axis then rotated 30° clockwise with respect to the original. H’ rotated ca. 10–20° counterclockwise with respect to the original." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12628848" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12628848/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Figure 3E</figureCitation>
(male), ridge set 1 situated on left side in front of left lateral field, made up of five small ridges (3’-1, 1 and 2) similar in size; regularly spaced and oriented perpendicularly to body surface; ridge set 2 situated on right-dorsal quadrant, made up of six small ridges (3 to 8) similar in size, regularly spaced and oriented from right to left; ridge set 3 situated on ventral side, made up of seven small ridges, ridges 5’ to 7’ slightly larger than other ridges; ridges regularly spaced with ridges 5’ to 7’ oriented from right to left, other ridges oriented perpendicularly to body surface.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF8DFFCA27F4FD5FFE0DFC48" blockId="12.[113,768,239,1515]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<figureCitation id="137F2A6DFF8DFFCA27F4FD5FFF74FD5C" box="[153,255,697,720]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="10.[113,180,1657,1678]" captionTargetBox="[151,1438,238,1616]" captionTargetId="figure-2@10.[151,1439,238,1616]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 3a. Montistrongylus Smales &amp; Heinrich, 2010. Body sections. A–D’ Montistrongylus ingati Smales &amp; Heinrich, 2010. A–B’ within proximal body. A male, B, B’ female. C–D’ at midbody. C male, D, D’ female. E–H’ Montistrongylus giluwensis Smales, 2011. E, F within proximal body. E male, F female. G–H’ at midbody. G, G’ male, H, H’ female. Sources: A, D redrawn from [45]; E–H redrawn from [33]. B’, D’, G’, H’ modified figures: B’ rotated ca. 75° counterclockwise with respect of the original. D’–H’ reinterpreted orientation of the axis (subfrontal). G’ reversed on its frontal axis then rotated 30° clockwise with respect to the original. H’ rotated ca. 10–20° counterclockwise with respect to the original." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12628848" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12628848/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Figure 3F</figureCitation>
(female): ridge set 1 situated on left-dorsal quadrant, made up of four small ridges similar in size, regularly spaced (with large spaces) and oriented perpendicularly to body surface; ridge set 2 situated on dorsal, right-dorsal side, made up of four small ridges, similar in size, regularly spaced (with small spaces) and oriented from right to left; ridge set 3 situated on mid-ventral side, made up of seven ridges of which the left ones slightly larger (except the last ridge one, minute), all ridges oriented from right to left.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF8DFFCA27F4FC2AFDECFB5B" blockId="12.[113,768,239,1515]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF8DFFCA27F4FC2AFE93FC6F" box="[153,280,972,995]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">At midbody:</emphasis>
in
<figureCitation id="137F2A6DFF8DFFCA2655FC2AFE2AFC6F" box="[312,417,972,995]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="10.[113,180,1657,1678]" captionTargetBox="[151,1438,238,1616]" captionTargetId="figure-2@10.[151,1439,238,1616]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 3a. Montistrongylus Smales &amp; Heinrich, 2010. Body sections. A–D’ Montistrongylus ingati Smales &amp; Heinrich, 2010. A–B’ within proximal body. A male, B, B’ female. C–D’ at midbody. C male, D, D’ female. E–H’ Montistrongylus giluwensis Smales, 2011. E, F within proximal body. E male, F female. G–H’ at midbody. G, G’ male, H, H’ female. Sources: A, D redrawn from [45]; E–H redrawn from [33]. B’, D’, G’, H’ modified figures: B’ rotated ca. 75° counterclockwise with respect of the original. D’–H’ reinterpreted orientation of the axis (subfrontal). G’ reversed on its frontal axis then rotated 30° clockwise with respect to the original. H’ rotated ca. 10–20° counterclockwise with respect to the original." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12628848" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12628848/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Figure 3G</figureCitation>
(male), ridge set 1 situated on left side, made up of five small ridges unequal in size, regularly spaced and oriented from right to left (three dorsal ridges) or perpendicularly to body surface (other two ridges); ridge set 2 situated on right-dorsal side, made up of eight small ridges oriented from right to left (three dorsal ridges) or perpendicularly to body surface (other ridges); ridge set 3 situated on mid-ventral side, made up of six small ridges, median three being slightly larger, oriented from right to left.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF8DFFCA27F4FB39FDE3FA66" blockId="12.[113,768,239,1515]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<figureCitation id="137F2A6DFF8DFFCA27F4FB39FE8FFB7A" box="[153,260,1247,1270]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="10.[113,180,1657,1678]" captionTargetBox="[151,1438,238,1616]" captionTargetId="figure-2@10.[151,1439,238,1616]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 3a. Montistrongylus Smales &amp; Heinrich, 2010. Body sections. A–D’ Montistrongylus ingati Smales &amp; Heinrich, 2010. A–B’ within proximal body. A male, B, B’ female. C–D’ at midbody. C male, D, D’ female. E–H’ Montistrongylus giluwensis Smales, 2011. E, F within proximal body. E male, F female. G–H’ at midbody. G, G’ male, H, H’ female. Sources: A, D redrawn from [45]; E–H redrawn from [33]. B’, D’, G’, H’ modified figures: B’ rotated ca. 75° counterclockwise with respect of the original. D’–H’ reinterpreted orientation of the axis (subfrontal). G’ reversed on its frontal axis then rotated 30° clockwise with respect to the original. H’ rotated ca. 10–20° counterclockwise with respect to the original." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12628848" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12628848/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Figure 3H</figureCitation>
(female): ridge set 1 situated on left side, made up of five ridges (3’ to 1’, 1 and 2), almost similar in size, regularly spaced, oriented perpendicularly to body surface; ridge set 2 situated on right-dorsal side, made up of six small ridges, almost similar in size, regularly spaced and oriented from right to left; ridge set 3 situated on ventral side, made up of eight small ridges (5’, 6’ largest, then 4’, 7’, 8’ then 9’ to 11’ minute) regularly spaced and oriented from right to left except ridges 9’ to 11’ oriented perpendicularly to body surface.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF8DFFCA271CF9EAFD46F89F" blockId="12.[113,768,1548,1811]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF8DFFCA271CF9EAFE04F9B1" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
3.3.1.2.2 Bursa (number of worms studied not specified, illustrated in [
<bibRefCitation id="EFD54B19FF8DFFCA27F9F9CEFF27F9B1" author="Smales LR" box="[148,172,1576,1597]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="418 - 426" refId="ref29659" refString="33. Smales LR. 2011 b. Gastrointestinal nematodes of Coccymys ruemmleri (Rodentia, Muridae) with the description of Montistrongylus giluwensis sp. nov. (Heligmonellidae) and Syphacia coccymyos sp. nov. (Oxyuridae) from Papua New Guinea. Acta Parasitologica, 56, 418 - 426." type="journal article" year="2011">33</bibRefCitation>
]:
<figureCitation id="137F2A6DFF8DFFCA27AEF9CEFE9FF9B1" box="[195,276,1576,1597]" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="25.[113,180,1664,1685]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,238,1636]" captionTargetId="figure-136@25.[151,1437,238,1636]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Figure 10. Genus Helgenema Smales, 2020. Body sections. A–C’ Helgenema keablei. A, A’ within proximal body, female. B–C’ at midbody. B, B’, male. C, C’ female. D–F’ Helgenema lamia Smales, 2021. D within proximal body, male. E–F’ at midbody. E, E’ male, F, F’, female. Sources: A–C redrawn from [43]. D–F redrawn from [44]. A’–C’, E’, F’ modified sections: A’ reversed on its frontal axis with respect to the original, B’ reversed on frontal axis then rotated ca. 15° clockwise with respect to the original. C’, E’, F’ re-numbering of ridges." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12628868" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12628868/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Figs. 10</figureCitation>
, 12 and 13).
</emphasis>
<figureCitation id="137F2A6DFF8DFFCA26F1F9C0FD8FF9B1" box="[412,516,1574,1597]" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="25.[113,180,1664,1685]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,238,1636]" captionTargetId="figure-136@25.[151,1437,238,1636]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Figure 10. Genus Helgenema Smales, 2020. Body sections. A–C’ Helgenema keablei. A, A’ within proximal body, female. B–C’ at midbody. B, B’, male. C, C’ female. D–F’ Helgenema lamia Smales, 2021. D within proximal body, male. E–F’ at midbody. E, E’ male, F, F’, female. Sources: A–C redrawn from [43]. D–F redrawn from [44]. A’–C’, E’, F’ modified sections: A’ reversed on its frontal axis with respect to the original, B’ reversed on frontal axis then rotated ca. 15° clockwise with respect to the original. C’, E’, F’ re-numbering of ridges." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12628868" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12628868/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Figure 10</figureCitation>
: distal part of dorsal ray with rays 8, dorsal view; right ray 8 clearly extending beyond division of dorsal ray. Figure 12: left lobe and left proximal part of dorsal ray, dorsal view. Figure 13: right lobe and right proximal part of dorsal ray, dorsal view; right ray 8 just reaching level of division of dorsal ray. From the original written description [
<bibRefCitation id="EFD54B19FF8DFFCA2795F938FE99F979" author="Smales LR" box="[248,274,1758,1781]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="418 - 426" refId="ref29659" refString="33. Smales LR. 2011 b. Gastrointestinal nematodes of Coccymys ruemmleri (Rodentia, Muridae) with the description of Montistrongylus giluwensis sp. nov. (Heligmonellidae) and Syphacia coccymyos sp. nov. (Oxyuridae) from Papua New Guinea. Acta Parasitologica, 56, 418 - 426." type="journal article" year="2011">33</bibRefCitation>
]: bursa symmetrical with right lobe slightly larger than left one and pattern of
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both lobes.
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3.3.2.4
<taxonomicName id="4C444D6BFF8CFFCB2411F987FB25F9F9" ID-CoL="9C9W5" authority="Smales, 2015" authorityName="Smales" authorityYear="2015" box="[892,1198,1633,1653]" class="Chromadorea" family="Heligmosomidae" genus="Montistrongylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="kaindiensis">Montistrongylus kaindiensis</taxonomicName>
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<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF8CFFCB2440F99BFADEF80B" blockId="13.[813,1467,1633,2018]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF8CFFCB2440F99BFC62F91E" box="[813,1001,1661,1682]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">3.3.2.4.1 Synlophe.</emphasis>
Concerning the male section of the proximal body (
<figureCitation id="137F2A6DFF8CFFCB241FF97CFC4BF93D" box="[882,960,1690,1713]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="10.[113,180,1657,1678]" captionTargetBox="[151,1438,238,1616]" captionTargetId="figure-2@10.[151,1439,238,1616]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 3a. Montistrongylus Smales &amp; Heinrich, 2010. Body sections. A–D’ Montistrongylus ingati Smales &amp; Heinrich, 2010. A–B’ within proximal body. A male, B, B’ female. C–D’ at midbody. C male, D, D’ female. E–H’ Montistrongylus giluwensis Smales, 2011. E, F within proximal body. E male, F female. G–H’ at midbody. G, G’ male, H, H’ female. Sources: A, D redrawn from [45]; E–H redrawn from [33]. B’, D’, G’, H’ modified figures: B’ rotated ca. 75° counterclockwise with respect of the original. D’–H’ reinterpreted orientation of the axis (subfrontal). G’ reversed on its frontal axis then rotated 30° clockwise with respect to the original. H’ rotated ca. 10–20° counterclockwise with respect to the original." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12628848" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12628848/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Fig. 3L</figureCitation>
), the presence of only one ridge-free space and then the absence of ridge sets prevents us from relating this synlophe to any of the remaining sections studied. A section of the esophagus is observed, which means that the body section has been taken very proximally. Thus, it is difficult to compare the male with the female “proximal” body section (
<figureCitation id="137F2A6DFF8CFFCB2458F8B7FC06F8E4" box="[821,909,1873,1896]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="10.[113,180,1657,1678]" captionTargetBox="[151,1438,238,1616]" captionTargetId="figure-2@10.[151,1439,238,1616]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 3a. Montistrongylus Smales &amp; Heinrich, 2010. Body sections. A–D’ Montistrongylus ingati Smales &amp; Heinrich, 2010. A–B’ within proximal body. A male, B, B’ female. C–D’ at midbody. C male, D, D’ female. E–H’ Montistrongylus giluwensis Smales, 2011. E, F within proximal body. E male, F female. G–H’ at midbody. G, G’ male, H, H’ female. Sources: A, D redrawn from [45]; E–H redrawn from [33]. B’, D’, G’, H’ modified figures: B’ rotated ca. 75° counterclockwise with respect of the original. D’–H’ reinterpreted orientation of the axis (subfrontal). G’ reversed on its frontal axis then rotated 30° clockwise with respect to the original. H’ rotated ca. 10–20° counterclockwise with respect to the original." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12628848" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12628848/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Fig. 3M</figureCitation>
), taken much more distally. The latter, in addition, has two ridge sets
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF8CFFCB249EF896FB83F80B" box="[1011,1032,1904,1927]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">vs</emphasis>
. three in the midbody sections.
</paragraph>
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The female section at midbody (
<figureCitation id="137F2A6DFF8CFFCB23C6F868FB77F829" box="[1195,1276,1934,1957]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="10.[113,180,1657,1678]" captionTargetBox="[151,1438,238,1616]" captionTargetId="figure-2@10.[151,1439,238,1616]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 3a. Montistrongylus Smales &amp; Heinrich, 2010. Body sections. A–D’ Montistrongylus ingati Smales &amp; Heinrich, 2010. A–B’ within proximal body. A male, B, B’ female. C–D’ at midbody. C male, D, D’ female. E–H’ Montistrongylus giluwensis Smales, 2011. E, F within proximal body. E male, F female. G–H’ at midbody. G, G’ male, H, H’ female. Sources: A, D redrawn from [45]; E–H redrawn from [33]. B’, D’, G’, H’ modified figures: B’ rotated ca. 75° counterclockwise with respect of the original. D’–H’ reinterpreted orientation of the axis (subfrontal). G’ reversed on its frontal axis then rotated 30° clockwise with respect to the original. H’ rotated ca. 10–20° counterclockwise with respect to the original." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12628848" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12628848/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Fig. 3O</figureCitation>
) seems congruent with the other
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<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF8CFFCB24A4F84BFBFAF848" box="[969,1137,1965,1988]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Montistrongylus</emphasis>
spp.
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by ridge set 1 situated on the left. Instead, the orientation of the male section (
<figureCitation id="137F2A6DFF8CFFCB220DF82DFA3AF86E" box="[1376,1457,1995,2018]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="10.[113,180,1657,1678]" captionTargetBox="[151,1438,238,1616]" captionTargetId="figure-2@10.[151,1439,238,1616]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 3a. Montistrongylus Smales &amp; Heinrich, 2010. Body sections. A–D’ Montistrongylus ingati Smales &amp; Heinrich, 2010. A–B’ within proximal body. A male, B, B’ female. C–D’ at midbody. C male, D, D’ female. E–H’ Montistrongylus giluwensis Smales, 2011. E, F within proximal body. E male, F female. G–H’ at midbody. G, G’ male, H, H’ female. Sources: A, D redrawn from [45]; E–H redrawn from [33]. B’, D’, G’, H’ modified figures: B’ rotated ca. 75° counterclockwise with respect of the original. D’–H’ reinterpreted orientation of the axis (subfrontal). G’ reversed on its frontal axis then rotated 30° clockwise with respect to the original. H’ rotated ca. 10–20° counterclockwise with respect to the original." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12628848" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12628848/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Fig. 3N</figureCitation>
) is less clear. The reversion of the male section on its sagittal axis and further rotation about 30° clockwise (
<figureCitation id="137F2A6DFF8FFFC82538FEEBFD26FEA9" box="[597,685,269,293]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="10.[113,180,1657,1678]" captionTargetBox="[151,1438,238,1616]" captionTargetId="figure-2@10.[151,1439,238,1616]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 3a. Montistrongylus Smales &amp; Heinrich, 2010. Body sections. A–D’ Montistrongylus ingati Smales &amp; Heinrich, 2010. A–B’ within proximal body. A male, B, B’ female. C–D’ at midbody. C male, D, D’ female. E–H’ Montistrongylus giluwensis Smales, 2011. E, F within proximal body. E male, F female. G–H’ at midbody. G, G’ male, H, H’ female. Sources: A, D redrawn from [45]; E–H redrawn from [33]. B’, D’, G’, H’ modified figures: B’ rotated ca. 75° counterclockwise with respect of the original. D’–H’ reinterpreted orientation of the axis (subfrontal). G’ reversed on its frontal axis then rotated 30° clockwise with respect to the original. H’ rotated ca. 10–20° counterclockwise with respect to the original." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12628848" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12628848/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Fig. 3N’</figureCitation>
) results in both sections at midbody (male and female) having a similar pattern of ridge sets and ridge-free spaces. Such manipulation of the male section changes the original ridge set 3 into set 1 and the ridge set 1 into set 3.
</paragraph>
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In spite of the clear presence of three sets of ridges alternating with three ridge-free spaces, this synlophe description shows several inconsistencies. Apart from the ridges of set 1, which are perpendicular to body surface, the remaining ridges show an anarchical orientation. Ridges in set
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the male section (regardless of the orientation of the section) are oriented in opposite directions, so that there are divergent ridges
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the ridge set. By contrast, in the female section, all ridges of set 2 are oriented from left to right, contrarily to what is usual for the dorsal ridges in the
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. Ridges of set
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the reoriented male section (
<figureCitation id="137F2A6DFF8FFFC82601FD31FE48FD63" box="[364,451,727,751]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="10.[113,180,1657,1678]" captionTargetBox="[151,1438,238,1616]" captionTargetId="figure-2@10.[151,1439,238,1616]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 3a. Montistrongylus Smales &amp; Heinrich, 2010. Body sections. A–D’ Montistrongylus ingati Smales &amp; Heinrich, 2010. A–B’ within proximal body. A male, B, B’ female. C–D’ at midbody. C male, D, D’ female. E–H’ Montistrongylus giluwensis Smales, 2011. E, F within proximal body. E male, F female. G–H’ at midbody. G, G’ male, H, H’ female. Sources: A, D redrawn from [45]; E–H redrawn from [33]. B’, D’, G’, H’ modified figures: B’ rotated ca. 75° counterclockwise with respect of the original. D’–H’ reinterpreted orientation of the axis (subfrontal). G’ reversed on its frontal axis then rotated 30° clockwise with respect to the original. H’ rotated ca. 10–20° counterclockwise with respect to the original." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12628848" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12628848/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Fig. 3N’</figureCitation>
) are oriented from left to right, contrarily to what is expected for the ventral ridges in the
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; whereas in the female section, the same ridges are oriented, as expected, from right to left (
<figureCitation id="137F2A6DFF8FFFC8252CFCD5FD19FCC6" box="[577,658,819,842]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="10.[113,180,1657,1678]" captionTargetBox="[151,1438,238,1616]" captionTargetId="figure-2@10.[151,1439,238,1616]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 3a. Montistrongylus Smales &amp; Heinrich, 2010. Body sections. A–D’ Montistrongylus ingati Smales &amp; Heinrich, 2010. A–B’ within proximal body. A male, B, B’ female. C–D’ at midbody. C male, D, D’ female. E–H’ Montistrongylus giluwensis Smales, 2011. E, F within proximal body. E male, F female. G–H’ at midbody. G, G’ male, H, H’ female. Sources: A, D redrawn from [45]; E–H redrawn from [33]. B’, D’, G’, H’ modified figures: B’ rotated ca. 75° counterclockwise with respect of the original. D’–H’ reinterpreted orientation of the axis (subfrontal). G’ reversed on its frontal axis then rotated 30° clockwise with respect to the original. H’ rotated ca. 10–20° counterclockwise with respect to the original." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12628848" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12628848/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Fig. 3O</figureCitation>
). The disparate orientation of most ridges prevents the identification of an axis of orientation and does not allow a reliable interpretation of the synlophe. Moreover, no attempt at reorientation of any of these sections will make them comparable to each other or to any other species in the genus or in the family. We are not able to interpret these particularities or to state whether both sections correspond to the same species.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF8FFFC8271CFBA3FD7EFB1B" blockId="14.[113,768,1091,1175]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF8FFFC8271CFBA3FE84FBD6" box="[113,271,1093,1114]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">3.3.2.4.2 Bursa.</emphasis>
From the original illustration, the pattern is of
<typeStatus id="54FF884AFF8FFFC8271CFB87FF16FBF4" box="[113,157,1121,1144]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">type</typeStatus>
<quantity id="4CBC9B0DFF8FFFC827C8FB87FF68FBF4" box="[165,227,1121,1144]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.35" metricValueMax="10.16" metricValueMin="2.54" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" unit="in" value="2.5" valueMax="4.0" valueMin="1.0">1-4 in</quantity>
both lobes with rays 3 diverging proximally to rays 6, and rays 6 diverging first from common trunk to rays 4-6.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF8FFFC8271CFB2DFEA2FB53" blockId="14.[113,297,1226,1247]" box="[113,297,1226,1247]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF8FFFC8271CFB2DFEA2FB53" bold="true" box="[113,297,1226,1247]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">3.3.3 Conclusion</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF8FFFC8271CFAE2FEADFA94" blockId="14.[113,768,1283,2037]" box="[113,294,1283,1304]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF8FFFC8271CFAE2FEADFA94" bold="true" box="[113,294,1283,1304]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">3.3.3.1 Synlophe</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF8FFFC827F4FAF9FD94FAD9" blockId="14.[113,768,1283,2037]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
From a descriptive point of view we observed, throughout the descriptions,
<specimenCount id="9D42FD61FF8FFFC8264EFAD8FE1FFAD9" box="[291,404,1342,1365]" count="3" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="generic" typeStatus="types">three types</specimenCount>
of synlophe.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF8FFFC827F4FABBFDB1FA43" blockId="14.[113,768,1283,2037]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<typeStatus id="54FF884AFF8FFFC827F4FABBFF45FAF8" box="[153,206,1373,1396]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Type</typeStatus>
I is observed in the male sections at midbody of
<taxonomicName id="4C444D6BFF8FFFC8271CFA9DFF59FA1E" authorityName="Smales &amp; Heinrich" authorityYear="2010" box="[113,210,1403,1426]" class="Chromadorea" family="Heligmosomidae" genus="Montistrongylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="ingati">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF8FFFC8271CFA9DFF59FA1E" box="[113,210,1403,1426]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">M. ingati</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C444D6BFF8FFFC82665FA9DFEF6FA1E" authorityName="Smales" authorityYear="2012" box="[264,381,1403,1426]" class="Chromadorea" family="Heligmosomidae" genus="Montistrongylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="karungi">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF8FFFC82665FA9DFEF6FA1E" box="[264,381,1403,1426]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">M. karungi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="137F2A6DFF8FFFC826E3FA9DFD86FA1E" box="[398,525,1403,1426]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="10.[113,180,1657,1678]" captionTargetBox="[151,1438,238,1616]" captionTargetId="figure-2@10.[151,1439,238,1616]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 3a. Montistrongylus Smales &amp; Heinrich, 2010. Body sections. A–D’ Montistrongylus ingati Smales &amp; Heinrich, 2010. A–B’ within proximal body. A male, B, B’ female. C–D’ at midbody. C male, D, D’ female. E–H’ Montistrongylus giluwensis Smales, 2011. E, F within proximal body. E male, F female. G–H’ at midbody. G, G’ male, H, H’ female. Sources: A, D redrawn from [45]; E–H redrawn from [33]. B’, D’, G’, H’ modified figures: B’ rotated ca. 75° counterclockwise with respect of the original. D’–H’ reinterpreted orientation of the axis (subfrontal). G’ reversed on its frontal axis then rotated 30° clockwise with respect to the original. H’ rotated ca. 10–20° counterclockwise with respect to the original." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12628848" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12628848/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Figs. 3C, 3J</figureCitation>
): it is characterized by two sets of ridges alternating with two ridge-free spaces; and an oblique axis of orientation of the ridges.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF8FFFC827F4FA31FD30F96E" blockId="14.[113,768,1283,2037]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<typeStatus id="54FF884AFF8FFFC827F4FA31FF45FA62" box="[153,206,1495,1518]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Type</typeStatus>
<collectionCode id="ED55AE2DFF8FFFC827B4FA31FF61FA62" box="[217,234,1495,1518]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">II</collectionCode>
is observed in the female section at midbody of
<taxonomicName id="4C444D6BFF8FFFC8271CFA10FF5CF981" authorityName="Smales &amp; Heinrich" authorityYear="2010" box="[113,215,1526,1549]" class="Chromadorea" family="Heligmosomidae" genus="Montistrongylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="ingati">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF8FFFC8271CFA10FF5CF981" box="[113,215,1526,1549]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">M. ingati</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="137F2A6DFF8FFFC82780FA13FEC7F981" box="[237,332,1525,1549]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="10.[113,180,1657,1678]" captionTargetBox="[151,1438,238,1616]" captionTargetId="figure-2@10.[151,1439,238,1616]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 3a. Montistrongylus Smales &amp; Heinrich, 2010. Body sections. A–D’ Montistrongylus ingati Smales &amp; Heinrich, 2010. A–B’ within proximal body. A male, B, B’ female. C–D’ at midbody. C male, D, D’ female. E–H’ Montistrongylus giluwensis Smales, 2011. E, F within proximal body. E male, F female. G–H’ at midbody. G, G’ male, H, H’ female. Sources: A, D redrawn from [45]; E–H redrawn from [33]. B’, D’, G’, H’ modified figures: B’ rotated ca. 75° counterclockwise with respect of the original. D’–H’ reinterpreted orientation of the axis (subfrontal). G’ reversed on its frontal axis then rotated 30° clockwise with respect to the original. H’ rotated ca. 10–20° counterclockwise with respect to the original." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12628848" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12628848/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Fig. 3D’</figureCitation>
) and the male and female sections of
<taxonomicName id="4C444D6BFF8FFFC8271CF9F2FE8AF9A7" authorityName="Smales" authorityYear="2011" box="[113,257,1556,1579]" class="Chromadorea" family="Heligmosomidae" genus="Montistrongylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="giluwensis">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF8FFFC8271CF9F2FE8AF9A7" box="[113,257,1556,1579]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">M. giluwensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="137F2A6DFF8FFFC8267CF9F2FEF8F9A7" box="[273,371,1555,1579]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="10.[113,180,1657,1678]" captionTargetBox="[151,1438,238,1616]" captionTargetId="figure-2@10.[151,1439,238,1616]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 3a. Montistrongylus Smales &amp; Heinrich, 2010. Body sections. A–D’ Montistrongylus ingati Smales &amp; Heinrich, 2010. A–B’ within proximal body. A male, B, B’ female. C–D’ at midbody. C male, D, D’ female. E–H’ Montistrongylus giluwensis Smales, 2011. E, F within proximal body. E male, F female. G–H’ at midbody. G, G’ male, H, H’ female. Sources: A, D redrawn from [45]; E–H redrawn from [33]. B’, D’, G’, H’ modified figures: B’ rotated ca. 75° counterclockwise with respect of the original. D’–H’ reinterpreted orientation of the axis (subfrontal). G’ reversed on its frontal axis then rotated 30° clockwise with respect to the original. H’ rotated ca. 10–20° counterclockwise with respect to the original." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12628848" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12628848/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Figs. 3G’</figureCitation>
, 3H’): it is characterized by three sets of ridges alternating with three ridge-free spaces; and an axis of orientation subfrontal at midbody. It would be possible to relate to this second
<typeStatus id="54FF884AFF8FFFC82632F996FE00F90B" box="[351,395,1648,1671]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">type</typeStatus>
the male and female sections of
<taxonomicName id="4C444D6BFF8FFFC8271CF968FE82F929" authorityName="Smales" authorityYear="2015" box="[113,265,1678,1701]" class="Chromadorea" family="Heligmosomidae" genus="Montistrongylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="kaindiensis">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF8FFFC8271CF968FE82F929" box="[113,265,1678,1701]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">M. kaindiensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="137F2A6DFF8FFFC82677F968FEF6F92A" box="[282,381,1678,1702]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="10.[113,180,1657,1678]" captionTargetBox="[151,1438,238,1616]" captionTargetId="figure-2@10.[151,1439,238,1616]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 3a. Montistrongylus Smales &amp; Heinrich, 2010. Body sections. A–D’ Montistrongylus ingati Smales &amp; Heinrich, 2010. A–B’ within proximal body. A male, B, B’ female. C–D’ at midbody. C male, D, D’ female. E–H’ Montistrongylus giluwensis Smales, 2011. E, F within proximal body. E male, F female. G–H’ at midbody. G, G’ male, H, H’ female. Sources: A, D redrawn from [45]; E–H redrawn from [33]. B’, D’, G’, H’ modified figures: B’ rotated ca. 75° counterclockwise with respect of the original. D’–H’ reinterpreted orientation of the axis (subfrontal). G’ reversed on its frontal axis then rotated 30° clockwise with respect to the original. H’ rotated ca. 10–20° counterclockwise with respect to the original." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12628848" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12628848/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Figs. 3N’</figureCitation>
, 3O) based on the presence of three ridge sets and three ridge-free spaces, but the orientation of the ridges in these two sections is completely disparate.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF8FFFC827F4F90CFD92F834" blockId="14.[113,768,1283,2037]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<typeStatus id="54FF884AFF8FFFC827F4F90CFF45F88D" box="[153,206,1770,1793]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Type</typeStatus>
<collectionCode id="ED55AE2DFF8FFFC827BAF90CFF7BF88D" box="[215,240,1770,1793]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">III</collectionCode>
is observed in a male section within the proximal part of the body (
<figureCitation id="137F2A6DFF8FFFC8264EF8EEFEE4F8AC" box="[291,367,1800,1824]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="10.[113,180,1657,1678]" captionTargetBox="[151,1438,238,1616]" captionTargetId="figure-2@10.[151,1439,238,1616]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 3a. Montistrongylus Smales &amp; Heinrich, 2010. Body sections. A–D’ Montistrongylus ingati Smales &amp; Heinrich, 2010. A–B’ within proximal body. A male, B, B’ female. C–D’ at midbody. C male, D, D’ female. E–H’ Montistrongylus giluwensis Smales, 2011. E, F within proximal body. E male, F female. G–H’ at midbody. G, G’ male, H, H’ female. Sources: A, D redrawn from [45]; E–H redrawn from [33]. B’, D’, G’, H’ modified figures: B’ rotated ca. 75° counterclockwise with respect of the original. D’–H’ reinterpreted orientation of the axis (subfrontal). G’ reversed on its frontal axis then rotated 30° clockwise with respect to the original. H’ rotated ca. 10–20° counterclockwise with respect to the original." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12628848" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12628848/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Fig. 3I’</figureCitation>
) and in a female section at midbody in
<taxonomicName id="4C444D6BFF8FFFC8271CF8C1FF6DF8B2" authorityName="Smales" authorityYear="2012" box="[113,230,1831,1854]" class="Chromadorea" family="Heligmosomidae" genus="Montistrongylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="karungi">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF8FFFC8271CF8C1FF6DF8B2" box="[113,230,1831,1854]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">M. karungi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="137F2A6DFF8FFFC8279AF8C1FEC3F8B2" box="[247,328,1831,1854]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="10.[113,180,1657,1678]" captionTargetBox="[151,1438,238,1616]" captionTargetId="figure-2@10.[151,1439,238,1616]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 3a. Montistrongylus Smales &amp; Heinrich, 2010. Body sections. A–D’ Montistrongylus ingati Smales &amp; Heinrich, 2010. A–B’ within proximal body. A male, B, B’ female. C–D’ at midbody. C male, D, D’ female. E–H’ Montistrongylus giluwensis Smales, 2011. E, F within proximal body. E male, F female. G–H’ at midbody. G, G’ male, H, H’ female. Sources: A, D redrawn from [45]; E–H redrawn from [33]. B’, D’, G’, H’ modified figures: B’ rotated ca. 75° counterclockwise with respect of the original. D’–H’ reinterpreted orientation of the axis (subfrontal). G’ reversed on its frontal axis then rotated 30° clockwise with respect to the original. H’ rotated ca. 10–20° counterclockwise with respect to the original." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12628848" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12628848/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Fig. 3K</figureCitation>
): it is characterized by two sets of ridges alternating with two ridge-free spaces. This
<typeStatus id="54FF884AFF8FFFC82526F8A3FDFCF8D0" box="[587,631,1861,1884]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">type</typeStatus>
differs from the male section of
<taxonomicName id="4C444D6BFF8FFFC82655F882FE21F8F7" authorityName="Smales" authorityYear="2012" box="[312,426,1892,1915]" class="Chromadorea" family="Heligmosomidae" genus="Montistrongylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="karungi">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF8FFFC82655F882FE21F8F7" box="[312,426,1892,1915]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">M. karungi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
at midbody (
<figureCitation id="137F2A6DFF8FFFC8255EF882FDF3F8F7" box="[563,632,1892,1915]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="10.[113,180,1657,1678]" captionTargetBox="[151,1438,238,1616]" captionTargetId="figure-2@10.[151,1439,238,1616]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 3a. Montistrongylus Smales &amp; Heinrich, 2010. Body sections. A–D’ Montistrongylus ingati Smales &amp; Heinrich, 2010. A–B’ within proximal body. A male, B, B’ female. C–D’ at midbody. C male, D, D’ female. E–H’ Montistrongylus giluwensis Smales, 2011. E, F within proximal body. E male, F female. G–H’ at midbody. G, G’ male, H, H’ female. Sources: A, D redrawn from [45]; E–H redrawn from [33]. B’, D’, G’, H’ modified figures: B’ rotated ca. 75° counterclockwise with respect of the original. D’–H’ reinterpreted orientation of the axis (subfrontal). G’ reversed on its frontal axis then rotated 30° clockwise with respect to the original. H’ rotated ca. 10–20° counterclockwise with respect to the original." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12628848" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12628848/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Fig. 3J</figureCitation>
) by the position of the dorsal ridge-free space situated on the left side in the female
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF8FFFC827D2F847FE8BF834" box="[191,256,1953,1976]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">versus</emphasis>
the right side in the male.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF8FFFC827F4F826FBD5FECF" blockId="14.[113,768,1283,2037]" lastBlockId="14.[813,1467,239,323]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
That said, we can state that, besides the absence of a careen, all the taxa described within
<taxonomicName id="4C444D6BFF8FFFC82693F838FD2DF879" authorityName="Smales &amp; Heinrich" authorityYear="2010" box="[510,678,2014,2037]" class="Chromadorea" family="Heligmosomidae" genus="Montistrongylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF8FFFC82693F838FD2DF879" box="[510,678,2014,2037]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Montistrongylus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
may be characterized by the alternation of 2 or 3 sets of ridges with 2 or 3 ridge-free spaces and ridges small and more or less regularly spaced within the sets.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF8FFFC82440FE93FC37FE05" blockId="14.[813,1467,373,1401]" box="[813,956,373,393]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF8FFFC82440FE93FC37FE05" bold="true" box="[813,956,373,393]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">3.3.3.2 Bursa</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF8FFFC82438FE77FCF6FDD3" blockId="14.[813,1467,373,1401]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
Even if the original descriptions of
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF8FFFC823ADFE77FA31FE24" box="[1216,1466,401,424]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<taxonomicName id="4C444D6BFF8FFFC823ADFE77FAAAFE24" authorityName="Smales &amp; Heinrich" authorityYear="2010" box="[1216,1313,401,424]" class="Chromadorea" family="Heligmosomidae" genus="Montistrongylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="ingati">M. ingati</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C444D6BFF8FFFC82241FE77FA31FE24" authorityName="Smales" authorityYear="2011" box="[1324,1466,401,424]" class="Chromadorea" family="Heligmosomidae" genus="Montistrongylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="giluwensis">M. giluwensis</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C444D6BFF8FFFC82435FE56FC41FE4B" authorityName="Smales" authorityYear="2012" box="[856,970,432,455]" class="Chromadorea" family="Heligmosomidae" genus="Montistrongylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="karungi">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF8FFFC82435FE56FC41FE4B" box="[856,970,432,455]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">M. karungi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
describe only
<specimenCount id="9D42FD61FF8FFFC8230DFE49FB3CFE4A" box="[1120,1207,431,454]" count="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="generic" typeStatus="type">one type</specimenCount>
of bursa, the illustrations show
<specimenCount id="9D42FD61FF8FFFC8241DFE28FC52FE69" box="[880,985,462,485]" count="2" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="generic" typeStatus="types">two types</specimenCount>
of dorsal lobes in each species mentioned, which probably means that there are at least two different taxa within each “species” studied. For
<taxonomicName id="4C444D6BFF8FFFC823F0FDEDFABFFDAE" authorityName="Smales" authorityYear="2015" box="[1181,1332,523,546]" class="Chromadorea" family="Heligmosomidae" genus="Montistrongylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="kaindiensis">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF8FFFC823F0FDEDFABFFDAE" box="[1181,1332,523,546]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">M. kaindiensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the illustration of the dorsal lobe is incomplete, the right ray 8 not being figured.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF8FFFC82438FD81FCF2FC23" blockId="14.[813,1467,373,1401]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
Though the taxa described within
<taxonomicName id="4C444D6BFF8FFFC8238EFD81FA00FDF2" authorityName="Smales &amp; Heinrich" authorityYear="2010" box="[1251,1419,615,638]" class="Chromadorea" family="Heligmosomidae" genus="Montistrongylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF8FFFC8238EFD81FA00FDF2" box="[1251,1419,615,638]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Montistrongylus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are characterized by ridge sets alternating with ridge-free spaces, and ridges small and regularly spaced within the sets,
<taxonomicName id="4C444D6BFF8FFFC82440FD24FC5EFD55" authorityName="Smales &amp; Heinrich" authorityYear="2010" box="[813,981,706,729]" class="Chromadorea" family="Heligmosomidae" genus="Montistrongylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF8FFFC82440FD24FC5EFD55" box="[813,981,706,729]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Montistrongylus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is considered a
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF8FFFC823F8FD24FAEAFD55" box="[1173,1377,706,729]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">genus inquirendum</emphasis>
. In our interpretation, the type species is composed of two different taxa, each represented by a body section with different synlophe types: type I in the male and type
<collectionCode id="ED55AE2DFF8FFFC823E0FCF8FB15FCB9" box="[1165,1182,798,821]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">II</collectionCode>
in the female. In the article by Smales &amp; Heinrich [
<bibRefCitation id="EFD54B19FF8FFFC82349FCDAFBB5FCDF" author="Smales LR &amp; Heinrich B." box="[1060,1086,828,851]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="1 - 28" refId="ref30293" refString="45. Smales LR, Heinrich B. 2010. Gastrointestinal nematodes of Paramelomys rubex (Rodentia: Muridae) from Papua Indonesia and Papua New Guinea with the descriptions of three new genera and four new species of Heligmonellidae and Herpetostrongylidae (Nematoda: Trichostrongylida). Zootaxa, 2672, 1 - 28." type="journal article" year="2010">45</bibRefCitation>
], a male was designated as
<typeStatus id="54FF884AFF8FFFC8220CFCDAFA30FCDF" box="[1377,1467,828,851]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
but its description is mixed with that of the
<typeStatus id="54FF884AFF8FFFC82396FCBDFAD6FCFE" box="[1275,1373,859,882]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
and it is not possible to know if its synlophe corresponds to type I or to type
<collectionCode id="ED55AE2DFF8FFFC8240CFC7EFCFEFC23" box="[865,885,920,943]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">II</collectionCode>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF8FFFC82438FC51FB33FAF5" blockId="14.[813,1467,373,1401]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
Since we do not know what type of synlophe the
<typeStatus id="54FF884AFF8FFFC8220CFC51FA30FC42" box="[1377,1467,951,974]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
corresponds to,
<taxonomicName id="4C444D6BFF8FFFC824B8FC33FB4AFC60" authorityName="Smales &amp; Heinrich" authorityYear="2010" box="[981,1217,981,1004]" class="Chromadorea" family="Heligmosomidae" genus="Montistrongylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="ingati">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF8FFFC824B8FC33FB4AFC60" box="[981,1217,981,1004]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Montistrongylus ingati</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is considered a
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF8FFFC8221CFC33FC16FB87" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">species inquirenda</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="4C444D6BFF8FFFC824C4FC12FB48FB87" authorityName="Smales" authorityYear="2011" box="[937,1219,1012,1035]" class="Chromadorea" family="Heligmosomidae" genus="Montistrongylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="giluwensis">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF8FFFC824C4FC12FB48FB87" box="[937,1219,1012,1035]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Montistrongylus giluwensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C444D6BFF8FFFC82399FC12FAEDFB87" authorityName="Smales" authorityYear="2012" box="[1268,1382,1012,1035]" class="Chromadorea" family="Heligmosomidae" genus="Montistrongylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="karungi">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF8FFFC82399FC12FAEDFB87" box="[1268,1382,1012,1035]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">M. karungi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are also considered
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF8FFFC824CEFBF4FBE4FBA5" box="[931,1135,1042,1065]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">species inquirendae</emphasis>
since their descriptions seem to involve two different taxa each.
<taxonomicName id="4C444D6BFF8FFFC82312FBD7FA29FBC4" authorityName="Smales" authorityYear="2015" box="[1151,1442,1073,1096]" class="Chromadorea" family="Heligmosomidae" genus="Montistrongylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="kaindiensis">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF8FFFC82312FBD7FA29FBC4" box="[1151,1442,1073,1096]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Montistrongylus kaindiensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is similarly considered a
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF8FFFC82374FBB6FB57FBEB" box="[1049,1244,1104,1127]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">species inquirenda</emphasis>
because its synlophe description shows several inconsistencies, which were explained above. The
<specimenCount id="9D42FD61FF8FFFC82340FB6BFB2CFB28" box="[1069,1191,1165,1188]" count="3" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="generic">three types</specimenCount>
of synlophe recognized (type I,
<collectionCode id="ED55AE2DFF8FFFC82412FB4DFC1BFB4E" box="[895,912,1195,1218]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">II</collectionCode>
and
<collectionCode id="ED55AE2DFF8FFFC824A8FB4DFC54FB4E" box="[965,991,1195,1218]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">III</collectionCode>
) seem to be distributed into six different taxa as follows: “
<taxonomicName id="4C444D6BFF8FFFC824DDFB2CFB84FB6D" authorityName="Smales &amp; Heinrich" authorityYear="2010" box="[944,1039,1226,1249]" class="Chromadorea" family="Heligmosomidae" genus="Montistrongylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="ingati">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF8FFFC824DDFB2CFB84FB6D" box="[944,1039,1226,1249]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">M. ingati</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
” (male); “
<taxonomicName id="4C444D6BFF8FFFC82313FB2CFB79FB6D" authorityName="Smales" authorityYear="2012" box="[1150,1266,1226,1249]" class="Chromadorea" family="Heligmosomidae" genus="Montistrongylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="karungi">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF8FFFC82313FB2CFB79FB6D" box="[1150,1266,1226,1249]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">M. karungi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
” (male) (both with synlophe of type I);
<taxonomicName id="4C444D6BFF8FFFC82372FB0EFB55FB73" box="[1055,1246,1256,1279]" pageId="14" pageNumber="9" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Nippostrongylinae">Nippostrongylinae</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF8FFFC82381FB0EFA81FB73" box="[1260,1290,1256,1279]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">i.s.</emphasis>
2 (“
<taxonomicName id="4C444D6BFF8FFFC82225FB0EFA24FB73" authorityName="Smales &amp; Heinrich" authorityYear="2010" box="[1352,1455,1256,1279]" class="Chromadorea" family="Heligmosomidae" genus="Montistrongylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="ingati">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF8FFFC82225FB0EFA24FB73" box="[1352,1455,1256,1279]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">M. ingati</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
” female); “
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF8FFFC824F8FAE1FBB8FA92" box="[917,1075,1286,1310]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<taxonomicName id="4C444D6BFF8FFFC824F8FAE1FBAEFA92" authorityName="Smales" authorityYear="2011" box="[917,1061,1287,1310]" class="Chromadorea" family="Heligmosomidae" genus="Montistrongylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="giluwensis">M. giluwensis</taxonomicName>
”
</emphasis>
; “
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF8FFFC82322FAE1FB7EFA92" box="[1103,1269,1286,1310]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<taxonomicName id="4C444D6BFF8FFFC82322FAE1FB6DFA92" authorityName="Smales" authorityYear="2015" box="[1103,1254,1287,1310]" class="Chromadorea" family="Heligmosomidae" genus="Montistrongylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="kaindiensis">M. kaindiensis</taxonomicName>
”
</emphasis>
(all with synlophe of type
<collectionCode id="ED55AE2DFF8FFFC824E8FAC3FC1CFAB0" box="[901,919,1317,1340]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">II</collectionCode>
) and
<taxonomicName id="4C444D6BFF8FFFC824B6FAC3FB11FAB0" box="[987,1178,1317,1340]" pageId="14" pageNumber="9" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Nippostrongylinae">Nippostrongylinae</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF8FFFC823C8FAC3FB49FAB0" box="[1189,1218,1317,1340]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">i.s.</emphasis>
3 (“
<taxonomicName id="4C444D6BFF8FFFC82397FAC3FAF9FAB0" authorityName="Smales" authorityYear="2012" box="[1274,1394,1317,1340]" class="Chromadorea" family="Heligmosomidae" genus="Montistrongylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="karungi">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF8FFFC82397FAC3FAF9FAB0" box="[1274,1394,1317,1340]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">M. karungi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
” male section within proximal part of body and female section at midbody) (with synlophe of type
<collectionCode id="ED55AE2DFF8FFFC823FDFA84FB27FAF5" box="[1168,1196,1378,1401]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">III</collectionCode>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF8CFFCB2440FD0DFB0EFD73" blockId="13.[813,1157,747,767]" box="[813,1157,747,767]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<heading id="D0B38184FF8CFFCB2440FD0DFB0EFD73" box="[813,1157,747,767]" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" reason="4">
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3.3.2.3
<taxonomicName id="4C444D6BFF8CFFCB2411FD0DFB0EFD73" authority="Smales, 2012" authorityName="Smales" authorityYear="2012" box="[892,1157,747,767]" class="Chromadorea" family="Heligmosomidae" genus="Montistrongylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="karungi">Montistrongylus karungi</taxonomicName>
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<subSubSection id="C35E6563FF8CFFCB2440FCF1FA37F9A9" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF8CFFCB2440FCF1FAB4FC6F" blockId="13.[813,1467,789,1332]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF8CFFCB2440FCF1FC62FCA0" box="[813,1001,791,812]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">3.3.2.3.1 Synlophe.</emphasis>
The descriptions of the three sections of
<taxonomicName id="4C444D6BFF8CFFCB2440FCD2FC2BFCC7" authorityName="Smales" authorityYear="2012" box="[813,928,820,843]" class="Chromadorea" family="Heligmosomidae" genus="Montistrongylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="karungi">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF8CFFCB2440FCD2FC2BFCC7" box="[813,928,820,843]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">M. karungi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="137F2A6DFF8CFFCB24C2FCD2FBDBFCC7" box="[943,1104,820,843]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="10.[113,180,1657,1678]" captionTargetBox="[151,1438,238,1616]" captionTargetId="figure-2@10.[151,1439,238,1616]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 3a. Montistrongylus Smales &amp; Heinrich, 2010. Body sections. A–D’ Montistrongylus ingati Smales &amp; Heinrich, 2010. A–B’ within proximal body. A male, B, B’ female. C–D’ at midbody. C male, D, D’ female. E–H’ Montistrongylus giluwensis Smales, 2011. E, F within proximal body. E male, F female. G–H’ at midbody. G, G’ male, H, H’ female. Sources: A, D redrawn from [45]; E–H redrawn from [33]. B’, D’, G’, H’ modified figures: B’ rotated ca. 75° counterclockwise with respect of the original. D’–H’ reinterpreted orientation of the axis (subfrontal). G’ reversed on its frontal axis then rotated 30° clockwise with respect to the original. H’ rotated ca. 10–20° counterclockwise with respect to the original." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12628848" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12628848/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Figs. 3I, 3J, 3K</figureCitation>
) are similar with those of the male sections of
<taxonomicName id="4C444D6BFF8CFFCB24CFFCB5FB8AFCE6" authorityName="Smales &amp; Heinrich" authorityYear="2010" box="[930,1025,851,874]" class="Chromadorea" family="Heligmosomidae" genus="Montistrongylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="ingati">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF8CFFCB24CFFCB5FB8AFCE6" box="[930,1025,851,874]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">M. ingati</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="137F2A6DFF8CFFCB2362FCB4FB1FFCE5" box="[1039,1172,850,873]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="10.[113,180,1657,1678]" captionTargetBox="[151,1438,238,1616]" captionTargetId="figure-2@10.[151,1439,238,1616]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 3a. Montistrongylus Smales &amp; Heinrich, 2010. Body sections. A–D’ Montistrongylus ingati Smales &amp; Heinrich, 2010. A–B’ within proximal body. A male, B, B’ female. C–D’ at midbody. C male, D, D’ female. E–H’ Montistrongylus giluwensis Smales, 2011. E, F within proximal body. E male, F female. G–H’ at midbody. G, G’ male, H, H’ female. Sources: A, D redrawn from [45]; E–H redrawn from [33]. B’, D’, G’, H’ modified figures: B’ rotated ca. 75° counterclockwise with respect of the original. D’–H’ reinterpreted orientation of the axis (subfrontal). G’ reversed on its frontal axis then rotated 30° clockwise with respect to the original. H’ rotated ca. 10–20° counterclockwise with respect to the original." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12628848" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12628848/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Figs. 3A, 3C</figureCitation>
): two sets of ridges alternating with two ridge-free spaces. The orientation of the axis remains uncertain, many ridges being oriented perpendicularly to body surface. However, the position of the ridge sets and ridge-free spaces differ between the three sections.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF8CFFCB2438FC0DFB1BFB54" blockId="13.[813,1467,789,1332]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
The proximal section of a male (
<figureCitation id="137F2A6DFF8CFFCB23C9FC0DFB63FB8E" box="[1188,1256,1003,1026]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="10.[113,180,1657,1678]" captionTargetBox="[151,1438,238,1616]" captionTargetId="figure-2@10.[151,1439,238,1616]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 3a. Montistrongylus Smales &amp; Heinrich, 2010. Body sections. A–D’ Montistrongylus ingati Smales &amp; Heinrich, 2010. A–B’ within proximal body. A male, B, B’ female. C–D’ at midbody. C male, D, D’ female. E–H’ Montistrongylus giluwensis Smales, 2011. E, F within proximal body. E male, F female. G–H’ at midbody. G, G’ male, H, H’ female. Sources: A, D redrawn from [45]; E–H redrawn from [33]. B’, D’, G’, H’ modified figures: B’ rotated ca. 75° counterclockwise with respect of the original. D’–H’ reinterpreted orientation of the axis (subfrontal). G’ reversed on its frontal axis then rotated 30° clockwise with respect to the original. H’ rotated ca. 10–20° counterclockwise with respect to the original." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12628848" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12628848/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Fig. 3I</figureCitation>
) has been deformed during fixation, and the body itself, limited by the hypodermis is not at its correct place. If we displace the body inside the cuticle (
<figureCitation id="137F2A6DFF8CFFCB2436FBA1FC22FBD2" box="[859,937,1094,1118]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="10.[113,180,1657,1678]" captionTargetBox="[151,1438,238,1616]" captionTargetId="figure-2@10.[151,1439,238,1616]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 3a. Montistrongylus Smales &amp; Heinrich, 2010. Body sections. A–D’ Montistrongylus ingati Smales &amp; Heinrich, 2010. A–B’ within proximal body. A male, B, B’ female. C–D’ at midbody. C male, D, D’ female. E–H’ Montistrongylus giluwensis Smales, 2011. E, F within proximal body. E male, F female. G–H’ at midbody. G, G’ male, H, H’ female. Sources: A, D redrawn from [45]; E–H redrawn from [33]. B’, D’, G’, H’ modified figures: B’ rotated ca. 75° counterclockwise with respect of the original. D’–H’ reinterpreted orientation of the axis (subfrontal). G’ reversed on its frontal axis then rotated 30° clockwise with respect to the original. H’ rotated ca. 10–20° counterclockwise with respect to the original." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12628848" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12628848/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Fig. 3I’</figureCitation>
), we obtain a section in which the position of the ridges and the ridge sets is very similar with the section of the female at midbody. In addition, the number of ridges in the two sections is similar (11
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF8CFFCB23EFFB45FB15FB36" box="[1154,1182,1187,1210]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">vs.</emphasis>
13) as opposed to 17 for the section of a male at midbody.
</paragraph>
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This latter section is closely related to the section of a male of
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<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF8CFFCB2424FB18FC22FA99" box="[841,937,1278,1301]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">M. ingati</emphasis>
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at midbody: same position of the sets, 15 ridges in
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<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF8CFFCB2440FAFBFC07FAB8" box="[813,908,1309,1332]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">M. ingati</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
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<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF8CFFCB24B6FAFBFBDCFAB8" box="[987,1111,1309,1332]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<taxonomicName id="4C444D6BFF8CFFCB24B6FAFBFBD8FAB8" authorityName="Smales" authorityYear="2012" box="[987,1107,1309,1332]" class="Chromadorea" family="Heligmosomidae" genus="Montistrongylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="karungi">M. karungi</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF8CFFCB2440FABEFC41FAE1" box="[813,970,1368,1389]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">3.3.2.3.2 Bursa.</emphasis>
From the illustration, the bursa is of
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both lobes; rays 3 diverging from a common trunk at the same level as ray
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the right lobe and proximally to it in the left lobe. Right ray 6 diverges first from the common trunk
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right lobe, at about same level in the left lobe. There are clearly two different
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of dorsal lobes which means that there are probably two different taxa among the males studied.
</paragraph>
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</treatment>
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3.3.2.2
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<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF8CFFCB271CF9CEFED9F8E3" blockId="13.[113,768,1549,1903]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF8CFFCB271CF9CEFEA6F9B1" box="[113,301,1576,1597]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">3.3.2.2.1 Synlophe.</emphasis>
The indication of the lateral cords in both sexes within the proximal part of the body and the position of the ridge sets and ridge free spaces (
<figureCitation id="137F2A6DFF8CFFCB256AF985FD26F9F6" box="[519,685,1635,1658]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="10.[113,180,1657,1678]" captionTargetBox="[151,1438,238,1616]" captionTargetId="figure-2@10.[151,1439,238,1616]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 3a. Montistrongylus Smales &amp; Heinrich, 2010. Body sections. A–D’ Montistrongylus ingati Smales &amp; Heinrich, 2010. A–B’ within proximal body. A male, B, B’ female. C–D’ at midbody. C male, D, D’ female. E–H’ Montistrongylus giluwensis Smales, 2011. E, F within proximal body. E male, F female. G–H’ at midbody. G, G’ male, H, H’ female. Sources: A, D redrawn from [45]; E–H redrawn from [33]. B’, D’, G’, H’ modified figures: B’ rotated ca. 75° counterclockwise with respect of the original. D’–H’ reinterpreted orientation of the axis (subfrontal). G’ reversed on its frontal axis then rotated 30° clockwise with respect to the original. H’ rotated ca. 10–20° counterclockwise with respect to the original." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12628848" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12628848/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Figs. 3E and 3F</figureCitation>
) allows us to re-orientate the sections at midbody. The reversion of the male section on the frontal axis then a slight rotation clockwise (
<figureCitation id="137F2A6DFF8CFFCB2717F959FF5AF95B" box="[122,209,1727,1751]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="10.[113,180,1657,1678]" captionTargetBox="[151,1438,238,1616]" captionTargetId="figure-2@10.[151,1439,238,1616]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 3a. Montistrongylus Smales &amp; Heinrich, 2010. Body sections. A–D’ Montistrongylus ingati Smales &amp; Heinrich, 2010. A–B’ within proximal body. A male, B, B’ female. C–D’ at midbody. C male, D, D’ female. E–H’ Montistrongylus giluwensis Smales, 2011. E, F within proximal body. E male, F female. G–H’ at midbody. G, G’ male, H, H’ female. Sources: A, D redrawn from [45]; E–H redrawn from [33]. B’, D’, G’, H’ modified figures: B’ rotated ca. 75° counterclockwise with respect of the original. D’–H’ reinterpreted orientation of the axis (subfrontal). G’ reversed on its frontal axis then rotated 30° clockwise with respect to the original. H’ rotated ca. 10–20° counterclockwise with respect to the original." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12628848" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12628848/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Fig. 3G’</figureCitation>
) results in both sections (male and female) having the same pattern of ridge sets and ridge-free spaces, but also the same number of ridges in the respective ridge sets, with dorsal ridges less numerous than ventral ones. In
<figureCitation id="137F2A6DFF8CFFCB255AF8FDFD35F8BE" box="[567,702,1819,1842]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="10.[113,180,1657,1678]" captionTargetBox="[151,1438,238,1616]" captionTargetId="figure-2@10.[151,1439,238,1616]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 3a. Montistrongylus Smales &amp; Heinrich, 2010. Body sections. A–D’ Montistrongylus ingati Smales &amp; Heinrich, 2010. A–B’ within proximal body. A male, B, B’ female. C–D’ at midbody. C male, D, D’ female. E–H’ Montistrongylus giluwensis Smales, 2011. E, F within proximal body. E male, F female. G–H’ at midbody. G, G’ male, H, H’ female. Sources: A, D redrawn from [45]; E–H redrawn from [33]. B’, D’, G’, H’ modified figures: B’ rotated ca. 75° counterclockwise with respect of the original. D’–H’ reinterpreted orientation of the axis (subfrontal). G’ reversed on its frontal axis then rotated 30° clockwise with respect to the original. H’ rotated ca. 10–20° counterclockwise with respect to the original." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12628848" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12628848/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Figure 3H, a</figureCitation>
slight rotation counterclockwise results in an axis of orientation subfrontal (
<figureCitation id="137F2A6DFF8CFFCB2784F8BEFEC9F8E3" box="[233,322,1879,1903]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="10.[113,180,1657,1678]" captionTargetBox="[151,1438,238,1616]" captionTargetId="figure-2@10.[151,1439,238,1616]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 3a. Montistrongylus Smales &amp; Heinrich, 2010. Body sections. A–D’ Montistrongylus ingati Smales &amp; Heinrich, 2010. A–B’ within proximal body. A male, B, B’ female. C–D’ at midbody. C male, D, D’ female. E–H’ Montistrongylus giluwensis Smales, 2011. E, F within proximal body. E male, F female. G–H’ at midbody. G, G’ male, H, H’ female. Sources: A, D redrawn from [45]; E–H redrawn from [33]. B’, D’, G’, H’ modified figures: B’ rotated ca. 75° counterclockwise with respect of the original. D’–H’ reinterpreted orientation of the axis (subfrontal). G’ reversed on its frontal axis then rotated 30° clockwise with respect to the original. H’ rotated ca. 10–20° counterclockwise with respect to the original." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12628848" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12628848/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Fig. 3H’</figureCitation>
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<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF8CFFCB271CF868FE84F82F" box="[113,271,1934,1955]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">3.3.2.2.2 Bursa.</emphasis>
Unlike the original written description, the illustration of both latero-ventral lobes, highlights the right lobe being clearly larger that the left one. One explanation could be that the lobes illustrated do not belong to the same species. This hypothesis is reinforced by the illustration of
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of dorsal lobe. The first
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(
<figureCitation id="137F2A6DFF8CFFCB2325FECAFB1FFECF" box="[1096,1172,300,323]" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="25.[113,180,1664,1685]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,238,1636]" captionTargetId="figure-136@25.[151,1437,238,1636]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Figure 10. Genus Helgenema Smales, 2020. Body sections. A–C’ Helgenema keablei. A, A’ within proximal body, female. B–C’ at midbody. B, B’, male. C, C’ female. D–F’ Helgenema lamia Smales, 2021. D within proximal body, male. E–F’ at midbody. E, E’ male, F, F’, female. Sources: A–C redrawn from [43]. D–F redrawn from [44]. A’–C’, E’, F’ modified sections: A’ reversed on its frontal axis with respect to the original, B’ reversed on frontal axis then rotated ca. 15° clockwise with respect to the original. C’, E’, F’ re-numbering of ridges." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12628868" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12628868/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
) is illustrated independently of the latero-ventral lobes; it is characterized by a right ray 8 extending beyond the level of the division of the dorsal ray. It could be linked to the left lobe (Fig. 12) but this remains hypothetical. The second
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(Fig. 13) is illustrated with the right lobe. Even if it is not completely illustrated, it is characterized by a right ray 8 just reaching the level of the division of the dorsal ray. This means that, among the males studied, at least two taxa are present. From the original illustration, the pattern is of
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both lobes with a short common trunk of rays 3-6; in the right lobe (Fig. 13) rays 4 to 6 diverge at the same level from their common trunk, in the left lobe, rays 6 diverge proximally to rays 4 and 5.
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3.3.2.1
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<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF8CFFCB271CFC6AFEA6FC2D" box="[113,301,908,929]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">3.3.2.1.1 Synlophe.</emphasis>
The
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sections (
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) differ from each other and seem not to belong to the same taxon. In addition, they have two major differences with the female sections (
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): there are two sets of ridges in male
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three in female and, on the other hand, in the female sections, the axis of orientation is subfrontal (
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) and not oblique, as illustrated in the original figures. In the female proximal body, to be congruent with the female section at midbody, the section should be rotated
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF8CFFCB268CFB99FD8AFB1A" box="[481,513,1151,1174]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">ca.</emphasis>
75° counterclockwise (
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<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF8CFFCB271CFB37FE84FB6A" box="[113,271,1233,1254]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">3.3.2.1.2 Bursa.</emphasis>
From the original written description, the left ray 8 is longer than right ray 8 and the right lobe is slightly larger than left one. This means that Figures 63 and 65 are in dorsal view. The pattern is 2-2-
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the left lobe. The illustration of
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of males are present among the
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<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF8DFFCA271CF8A3FDD2F8D5" blockId="12.[113,768,1861,2030]" box="[113,601,1861,1881]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<heading id="D0B38184FF8DFFCA271CF8A3FDD2F8D5" box="[113,601,1861,1881]" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" reason="4">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF8DFFCA271CF8A3FDD2F8D5" bold="true" box="[113,601,1861,1881]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
3.3.1.3
<taxonomicName id="4C444D6BFF8DFFCA27ADF8A3FE41F8D5" authority="Smales, 2012" authorityName="Smales" authorityYear="2012" box="[192,458,1861,1881]" class="Chromadorea" family="Heligmosomidae" genus="Montistrongylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="karungi">Montistrongylus karungi</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="137F2A6DFF8DFFCA26B4F8A3FDDAF8D5" box="[473,593,1861,1881]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="10.[113,180,1657,1678]" captionTargetBox="[151,1438,238,1616]" captionTargetId="figure-2@10.[151,1439,238,1616]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 3a. Montistrongylus Smales &amp; Heinrich, 2010. Body sections. A–D’ Montistrongylus ingati Smales &amp; Heinrich, 2010. A–B’ within proximal body. A male, B, B’ female. C–D’ at midbody. C male, D, D’ female. E–H’ Montistrongylus giluwensis Smales, 2011. E, F within proximal body. E male, F female. G–H’ at midbody. G, G’ male, H, H’ female. Sources: A, D redrawn from [45]; E–H redrawn from [33]. B’, D’, G’, H’ modified figures: B’ rotated ca. 75° counterclockwise with respect of the original. D’–H’ reinterpreted orientation of the axis (subfrontal). G’ reversed on its frontal axis then rotated 30° clockwise with respect to the original. H’ rotated ca. 10–20° counterclockwise with respect to the original." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12628848" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12628848/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Figs. 3I–3K</figureCitation>
)
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<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF8DFFCA271CF887FD57F862" blockId="12.[113,768,1861,2030]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF8DFFCA271CF887FF71F81E" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">3.3.1.3.1 Synlophe (based on sections from four worms, sex not specified).</emphasis>
Sections analyzed herein are those within proximal part of body: male (
<figureCitation id="137F2A6DFF8DFFCA26E3F87FFE5AF83C" box="[398,465,1945,1968]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="7.[113,180,1808,1829]" captionTargetBox="[227,1361,238,1765]" captionTargetId="figure-1@7.[227,1361,238,1765]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 2. Genus Mawsonema Smales &amp; Heinrich, 2010. Body sections. A–F’ Mawsonema mokwanense Smales &amp; Heinrich, 2010. A, A’ within proximal body, male. B, C at midbody. B male, C female. D, E within distal body. D male, E female. F, F’ within proximal body, female. A–E synlophe of type I. F, F’ synlophe of type II. Source: A–F redrawn from [45]. A’, F’ modified figures: reversed on their frontal axes with respect to the originals. F’ axis of orientation reinterpreted as subfrontal." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12628846" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12628846/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
/3I), and at midbody: male (
<figureCitation id="137F2A6DFF8DFFCA2717F85EFF3DF843" box="[122,182,1976,1999]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="15.[113,180,893,914]" captionTargetBox="[144,1429,238,855]" captionTargetId="figure-585@15.[144,1430,238,855]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Figure 4. Genus Pogonomystrongylus Smales, 2014. Body sections. A–D’ Pogonomystrongylus domaensis Smales, 2014. A–B’ within proximal body. A, A’ male, B, B’ female. C–D’ at midbody. C, C’ male, D, D’ female. Source: A–D redrawn from [36]. A’–D’, modified figures: A’–C’ reversed on their frontal axes with respect to the originals, then slightly rotated clockwise. D’ rotated 45° clockwise." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12628852" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12628852/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
/3J) and female (Fig. 12/3K). In all sections lateral cords illustrated and ridges numbered in
<figureCitation id="137F2A6DFF8DFFCA26B7F831FDB0F862" box="[474,571,2007,2030]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="15.[113,180,893,914]" captionTargetBox="[144,1429,238,855]" captionTargetId="figure-585@15.[144,1430,238,855]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Figure 4. Genus Pogonomystrongylus Smales, 2014. Body sections. A–D’ Pogonomystrongylus domaensis Smales, 2014. A–B’ within proximal body. A, A’ male, B, B’ female. C–D’ at midbody. C, C’ male, D, D’ female. Source: A–D redrawn from [36]. A’–D’, modified figures: A’–C’ reversed on their frontal axes with respect to the originals, then slightly rotated clockwise. D’ rotated 45° clockwise." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12628852" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12628852/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Figures 4</figureCitation>
/3 J and 12/3K.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF8DFFCA2438FF09FC31FECF" blockId="12.[813,1467,239,1056]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">In all sections ridges irregularly spaced and grouped into two sets (set 1, set 2) alternating with two ridge-free spaces (arrowheads).</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF8DFFCA2438FEADFA30FE76" blockId="12.[813,1467,239,1056]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF8DFFCA2438FEADFBB4FEEE" box="[853,1087,331,354]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Within proximal body:</emphasis>
in
<figureCitation id="137F2A6DFF8DFFCA230CFEACFB4AFEED" box="[1121,1217,330,353]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="10.[113,180,1657,1678]" captionTargetBox="[151,1438,238,1616]" captionTargetId="figure-2@10.[151,1439,238,1616]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 3a. Montistrongylus Smales &amp; Heinrich, 2010. Body sections. A–D’ Montistrongylus ingati Smales &amp; Heinrich, 2010. A–B’ within proximal body. A male, B, B’ female. C–D’ at midbody. C male, D, D’ female. E–H’ Montistrongylus giluwensis Smales, 2011. E, F within proximal body. E male, F female. G–H’ at midbody. G, G’ male, H, H’ female. Sources: A, D redrawn from [45]; E–H redrawn from [33]. B’, D’, G’, H’ modified figures: B’ rotated ca. 75° counterclockwise with respect of the original. D’–H’ reinterpreted orientation of the axis (subfrontal). G’ reversed on its frontal axis then rotated 30° clockwise with respect to the original. H’ rotated ca. 10–20° counterclockwise with respect to the original." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12628848" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12628848/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Figure 3I</figureCitation>
(male), 13 ridges; ridge set 1 situated on dorsal side, made up of eight small ridges, similar in size, irregularly spaced and oriented perpendicularly to body surface; ridge set 2 situated on mid-ventral side, made up of five small ridges regularly spaced with slight decreasing gradient in size from left to right and oriented from right to left.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF8DFFCA2438FDE4FC29FD62" blockId="12.[813,1467,239,1056]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF8DFFCA2438FDE4FC58FD95" box="[853,979,514,537]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">At midbody:</emphasis>
in
<figureCitation id="137F2A6DFF8DFFCA249EFDE4FBDFFD95" box="[1011,1108,514,537]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="10.[113,180,1657,1678]" captionTargetBox="[151,1438,238,1616]" captionTargetId="figure-2@10.[151,1439,238,1616]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 3a. Montistrongylus Smales &amp; Heinrich, 2010. Body sections. A–D’ Montistrongylus ingati Smales &amp; Heinrich, 2010. A–B’ within proximal body. A male, B, B’ female. C–D’ at midbody. C male, D, D’ female. E–H’ Montistrongylus giluwensis Smales, 2011. E, F within proximal body. E male, F female. G–H’ at midbody. G, G’ male, H, H’ female. Sources: A, D redrawn from [45]; E–H redrawn from [33]. B’, D’, G’, H’ modified figures: B’ rotated ca. 75° counterclockwise with respect of the original. D’–H’ reinterpreted orientation of the axis (subfrontal). G’ reversed on its frontal axis then rotated 30° clockwise with respect to the original. H’ rotated ca. 10–20° counterclockwise with respect to the original." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12628848" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12628848/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Figure 3J</figureCitation>
(male), 17 ridges; set 1 situated on left side, made up of 11 small ridges (8’ to 1’ and 1 to 3) similar in size, except ridges ventrally adjacent to left lateral cord (4’ and 5’), slightly larger; most ridges oriented perpendicularly to body surface; only ridges 5’ and 4’ oriented from right to left; ridge set 2 situated on mid-right side, made up of six small ridges (4 to 9), similar in size, regularly spaced, without clear orientation.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF8DFFCA2438FD10FC31FBAC" blockId="12.[813,1467,239,1056]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<figureCitation id="137F2A6DFF8DFFCA2438FD10FC34FC81" box="[853,959,758,781]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="10.[113,180,1657,1678]" captionTargetBox="[151,1438,238,1616]" captionTargetId="figure-2@10.[151,1439,238,1616]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 3a. Montistrongylus Smales &amp; Heinrich, 2010. Body sections. A–D’ Montistrongylus ingati Smales &amp; Heinrich, 2010. A–B’ within proximal body. A male, B, B’ female. C–D’ at midbody. C male, D, D’ female. E–H’ Montistrongylus giluwensis Smales, 2011. E, F within proximal body. E male, F female. G–H’ at midbody. G, G’ male, H, H’ female. Sources: A, D redrawn from [45]; E–H redrawn from [33]. B’, D’, G’, H’ modified figures: B’ rotated ca. 75° counterclockwise with respect of the original. D’–H’ reinterpreted orientation of the axis (subfrontal). G’ reversed on its frontal axis then rotated 30° clockwise with respect to the original. H’ rotated ca. 10–20° counterclockwise with respect to the original." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12628848" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12628848/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Figure 3K</figureCitation>
(female): 11 ridges; ridge set 1 situated on left-ventral quadrant, made up of five small ridges regularly spaced, ridges ventrally adjacent to lateral cord (3’, 2’) larger and oriented from right to left, other ridges (6’-4’) smaller and oriented perpendicularly to body surface; ridge set 2 situated mainly on right-dorsal quadrant, extending to both mid-dorsal and mid-right sides, made up of seven small ridges (1’ and 1 to 6); ridges 1’, 5 and 6 apparently oriented from right-ventral to left dorsal-quadrant, remaining ridges (1 to 4) apparently perpendicular to body surface.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF8DFFCA2440FBA1FAE2FB58" blockId="12.[813,1467,1095,1236]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF8DFFCA2440FBA1FB97FBF4" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
3.3.1.3.2 Bursa (number of worms studied not specified; illustrated in [
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]:
<figureCitation id="137F2A6DFF8DFFCA24EDFB85FC48FBF4" box="[896,963,1123,1144]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="19.[113,180,982,1003]" captionTargetBox="[161,1435,239,961]" captionTargetId="figure-500@19.[151,1436,238,961]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Figure 7. Genus Parvinema Smales, 2017. Midbody sections. A, B Parvinema bafunminense Smales, 2017. A male, B, B’ female. C, C’ Parvinema helgeni Smales, 2017, male. Source: A–C redrawn from [40]. B’, C’ modified figures with respect to the original: B’ numbering of ridges added. C’ reversed on its frontal axis, then rotated 30° clockwise." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12628860" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12628860/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Figs. 7</figureCitation>
and
<figureCitation id="137F2A6DFF8DFFCA249BFB85FB9BFBF4" box="[1014,1040,1123,1144]" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="28.[113,180,1453,1474]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,238,1421]" captionTargetId="figure-272@28.[151,1437,238,1421]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="Figure 11. Genus Paramelomystrongylus Smales, 2020. Body sections. A–D’ Paramelomystrongylus dessetae Smales, 2020. A, A’ within proximal body, female. B at midbody, male. C, C’ within distal part, female. D, D’ at midbody, female. A, B, C: Synlophe of type I. D: Synlophe of type II. Source: A–D redrawn from [43]. A’, C’, D’ modified sections: A’, C’ numbering of ridges. D’ rotation clockwise and numbering of ridges with respect to the original." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12628870" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12628870/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">11</figureCitation>
).
</emphasis>
<figureCitation id="137F2A6DFF8DFFCA2346FB87FB0DFBF4" box="[1067,1158,1121,1144]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="19.[113,180,982,1003]" captionTargetBox="[161,1435,239,961]" captionTargetId="figure-500@19.[151,1436,238,961]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Figure 7. Genus Parvinema Smales, 2017. Midbody sections. A, B Parvinema bafunminense Smales, 2017. A male, B, B’ female. C, C’ Parvinema helgeni Smales, 2017, male. Source: A–C redrawn from [40]. B’, C’ modified figures with respect to the original: B’ numbering of ridges added. C’ reversed on its frontal axis, then rotated 30° clockwise." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12628860" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12628860/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Figure 7</figureCitation>
: dorsal ray and rays 8, dorsal view.
<figureCitation id="137F2A6DFF8DFFCA2400FB66FC5EFB1B" box="[877,981,1152,1175]" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="28.[113,180,1453,1474]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,238,1421]" captionTargetId="figure-272@28.[151,1437,238,1421]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="Figure 11. Genus Paramelomystrongylus Smales, 2020. Body sections. A–D’ Paramelomystrongylus dessetae Smales, 2020. A, A’ within proximal body, female. B at midbody, male. C, C’ within distal part, female. D, D’ at midbody, female. A, B, C: Synlophe of type I. D: Synlophe of type II. Source: A–D redrawn from [43]. A’, C’, D’ modified sections: A’, C’ numbering of ridges. D’ rotation clockwise and numbering of ridges with respect to the original." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12628870" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12628870/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Figure 11</figureCitation>
: bursa spread out, dorsal view. From the original written description [
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]: bursa slightly dissymmetrical with right lobe larger and pattern of
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both lobes.
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3.3.1.4
<taxonomicName id="4C444D6BFF8DFFCA2411FAF7FB25FAA9" ID-CoL="9C9W5" authority="Smales, 2015" authorityName="Smales" authorityYear="2015" box="[892,1198,1297,1317]" class="Chromadorea" family="Heligmosomidae" genus="Montistrongylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="kaindiensis">Montistrongylus kaindiensis</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="137F2A6DFF8DFFCA23D0FAF7FAB4FAA9" box="[1213,1343,1296,1317]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="10.[113,180,1657,1678]" captionTargetBox="[151,1438,238,1616]" captionTargetId="figure-2@10.[151,1439,238,1616]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 3a. Montistrongylus Smales &amp; Heinrich, 2010. Body sections. A–D’ Montistrongylus ingati Smales &amp; Heinrich, 2010. A–B’ within proximal body. A male, B, B’ female. C–D’ at midbody. C male, D, D’ female. E–H’ Montistrongylus giluwensis Smales, 2011. E, F within proximal body. E male, F female. G–H’ at midbody. G, G’ male, H, H’ female. Sources: A, D redrawn from [45]; E–H redrawn from [33]. B’, D’, G’, H’ modified figures: B’ rotated ca. 75° counterclockwise with respect of the original. D’–H’ reinterpreted orientation of the axis (subfrontal). G’ reversed on its frontal axis then rotated 30° clockwise with respect to the original. H’ rotated ca. 10–20° counterclockwise with respect to the original." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12628848" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12628848/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Figs. 3L–3O</figureCitation>
)
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<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF8DFFCA2440FADBFBC0FA40" blockId="12.[813,1467,1339,2034]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF8DFFCA2440FADBFAD3FADE" box="[813,1368,1340,1362]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">3.3.1.4.1 Synlophe (number of worms studied not specified).</emphasis>
Sections analyzed herein are within proximal body: male (Fig. 28/3L), female (Fig. 27/3M) and at midbody: male (Fig. 30/3N) and female (Fig. 31/3O); lateral cords not illustrated; ridges numbered in Figure 31/3O.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF8DFFCA2438FA35FB9CF9E9" blockId="12.[813,1467,1339,2034]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF8DFFCA2438FA35FBCFFA66" box="[853,1092,1491,1514]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Within proximal body</emphasis>
:
<figureCitation id="137F2A6DFF8DFFCA2334FA35FB4DFA66" box="[1113,1222,1491,1514]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="10.[113,180,1657,1678]" captionTargetBox="[151,1438,238,1616]" captionTargetId="figure-2@10.[151,1439,238,1616]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 3a. Montistrongylus Smales &amp; Heinrich, 2010. Body sections. A–D’ Montistrongylus ingati Smales &amp; Heinrich, 2010. A–B’ within proximal body. A male, B, B’ female. C–D’ at midbody. C male, D, D’ female. E–H’ Montistrongylus giluwensis Smales, 2011. E, F within proximal body. E male, F female. G–H’ at midbody. G, G’ male, H, H’ female. Sources: A, D redrawn from [45]; E–H redrawn from [33]. B’, D’, G’, H’ modified figures: B’ rotated ca. 75° counterclockwise with respect of the original. D’–H’ reinterpreted orientation of the axis (subfrontal). G’ reversed on its frontal axis then rotated 30° clockwise with respect to the original. H’ rotated ca. 10–20° counterclockwise with respect to the original." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12628848" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12628848/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Figure 3L</figureCitation>
(male), judging from drawing, is made at level of esophagus; 13 small ridges irregularly spaced; large gap on right-dorsal quadrant (arrowhead); left ridges oriented from dorsal to ventral side; orientation of other ridges uncertain.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF8DFFCA2438F98AFAFEF94C" blockId="12.[813,1467,1339,2034]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<figureCitation id="137F2A6DFF8DFFCA2438F98AFC49F90F" box="[853,962,1644,1667]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="10.[113,180,1657,1678]" captionTargetBox="[151,1438,238,1616]" captionTargetId="figure-2@10.[151,1439,238,1616]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 3a. Montistrongylus Smales &amp; Heinrich, 2010. Body sections. A–D’ Montistrongylus ingati Smales &amp; Heinrich, 2010. A–B’ within proximal body. A male, B, B’ female. C–D’ at midbody. C male, D, D’ female. E–H’ Montistrongylus giluwensis Smales, 2011. E, F within proximal body. E male, F female. G–H’ at midbody. G, G’ male, H, H’ female. Sources: A, D redrawn from [45]; E–H redrawn from [33]. B’, D’, G’, H’ modified figures: B’ rotated ca. 75° counterclockwise with respect of the original. D’–H’ reinterpreted orientation of the axis (subfrontal). G’ reversed on its frontal axis then rotated 30° clockwise with respect to the original. H’ rotated ca. 10–20° counterclockwise with respect to the original." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12628848" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12628848/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Figure 3M</figureCitation>
(female): judging from drawing, section made at level of intestine; 18 small ridges irregularly spaced; ridges separated into two groups by two large gaps (arrowheads).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF8DFFCA2438F92EFC29F8B6" blockId="12.[813,1467,1339,2034]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF8DFFCA2438F92EFC5FF953" box="[853,980,1736,1759]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">At midbody:</emphasis>
in both sections, ridges grouped into three sets alternating with three ridge-free spaces (arrowheads). Position of ridge sets and that of ridge-free spaces differing between both sexes.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF8DFFCB2438F8A4FE2FFECF" blockId="12.[813,1467,1339,2034]" lastBlockId="13.[113,768,239,598]" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="14" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<figureCitation id="137F2A6DFF8DFFCA2438F8A4FC34F8D5" box="[853,959,1858,1881]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="10.[113,180,1657,1678]" captionTargetBox="[151,1438,238,1616]" captionTargetId="figure-2@10.[151,1439,238,1616]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 3a. Montistrongylus Smales &amp; Heinrich, 2010. Body sections. A–D’ Montistrongylus ingati Smales &amp; Heinrich, 2010. A–B’ within proximal body. A male, B, B’ female. C–D’ at midbody. C male, D, D’ female. E–H’ Montistrongylus giluwensis Smales, 2011. E, F within proximal body. E male, F female. G–H’ at midbody. G, G’ male, H, H’ female. Sources: A, D redrawn from [45]; E–H redrawn from [33]. B’, D’, G’, H’ modified figures: B’ rotated ca. 75° counterclockwise with respect of the original. D’–H’ reinterpreted orientation of the axis (subfrontal). G’ reversed on its frontal axis then rotated 30° clockwise with respect to the original. H’ rotated ca. 10–20° counterclockwise with respect to the original." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12628848" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12628848/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Figure 3N</figureCitation>
(male): ridge set 1 situated on left-ventral quadrant, made up of seven small to medium sized ridges (not numbered) of which two ventral ones more developed and spaced, ridges oriented from ventral to left; ridge set 2 situated on mid-dorsal side, made up of five small ridges similar in size, oriented from dorsal to left (2 ridges) and from dorsal to right (3 ridges); ridge set 3 situated on mid-right side, made up of five minute ridges similar in size and oriented apparently perpendicularly to body surface.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF8CFFCB27F4FEACFE46FDDA" blockId="13.[113,768,239,598]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<figureCitation id="137F2A6DFF8CFFCB27F4FEACFE8EFEED" box="[153,261,330,353]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="10.[113,180,1657,1678]" captionTargetBox="[151,1438,238,1616]" captionTargetId="figure-2@10.[151,1439,238,1616]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 3a. Montistrongylus Smales &amp; Heinrich, 2010. Body sections. A–D’ Montistrongylus ingati Smales &amp; Heinrich, 2010. A–B’ within proximal body. A male, B, B’ female. C–D’ at midbody. C male, D, D’ female. E–H’ Montistrongylus giluwensis Smales, 2011. E, F within proximal body. E male, F female. G–H’ at midbody. G, G’ male, H, H’ female. Sources: A, D redrawn from [45]; E–H redrawn from [33]. B’, D’, G’, H’ modified figures: B’ rotated ca. 75° counterclockwise with respect of the original. D’–H’ reinterpreted orientation of the axis (subfrontal). G’ reversed on its frontal axis then rotated 30° clockwise with respect to the original. H’ rotated ca. 10–20° counterclockwise with respect to the original." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12628848" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12628848/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Figure 3O</figureCitation>
(female): ridge set 1 situated on left side, made up of five minute ridges (2’, 1’ and 1 to 3) regularly spaced and oriented perpendicularly to body surface; ridge set 2 situated on dorsal side, made up of six small ridges, almost similar in size and regularly spaced except ridge 4; ridge set 3 situated on ventral side, made up of seven small ridges, irregularly spaced with ridges 4’ and 5’ larger. Ridges of sets 2 and 3 oriented in same direction: from left to right on dorsal side and from right to left on ventral side.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF8CFFCB271CFD93FE25FCAC" blockId="13.[113,768,628,800]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF8CFFCB271CFD93FEE7FD2A" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
3.3.1.4.2 Bursa (number of worms studied not specified; illustrated in [
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]: Figs. 37 and 38).
</emphasis>
Figure 37: right lobe and dorsal lobe, orientation not specified. Figure 38: left lobe, orientation not specified; left ray 8 not illustrated. From the original written description [
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]: bursa slightly dissymmetrical with right lobe larger and pattern of
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2-3.
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3.4 Genus
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Smales, 2014
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(
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and sole species:
</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C444D6BFF8FFFC82305F9E7FC37F9BA" authority="Smales, 2014" authorityName="Smales" authorityYear="2014" class="Chromadorea" family="Heligmosomidae" genus="Pogonomystrongylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="domaensis">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF8FFFC82305F9E7FA30F994" box="[1128,1467,1537,1560]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Pogonomystrongylus domaensis</emphasis>
Smales, 2014
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C35E6563FF8FFFC82438F9D8FBE8F9FF" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF8FFFC82438F9D8FB57F9D9" blockId="14.[813,1467,1537,1866]" box="[853,1244,1598,1622]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF8FFFC82438F9D8FC11F9DA" bold="true" box="[853,922,1598,1622]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Hosts:</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C444D6BFF8FFFC824CEF9D8FC76F9D9" box="[931,1021,1598,1621]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Muridae</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C444D6BFF8FFFC82365F9D8FBD4F9D9" authorityName="Illiger" authorityYear="1811" box="[1032,1119,1598,1621]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Murinae">Murinae</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="4C444D6BFF8FFFC82302F9D8FB59F9D9" authorityName="Bowdich" authorityYear="1821" box="[1135,1234,1598,1621]" class="Mammalia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="order">Rodentia</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF8FFFC82438F9BAFBE8F9FF" blockId="14.[813,1467,1537,1866]" box="[853,1123,1628,1652]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF8FFFC82438F9BAFC36F9F8" bold="true" box="[853,957,1628,1652]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Host site:</emphasis>
small intestine.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C35E6563FF8FFFC82438F99DFB36F91E" box="[853,1213,1659,1683]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF8FFFC82438F99DFB36F91E" blockId="14.[813,1467,1537,1866]" box="[853,1213,1659,1683]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF8FFFC82438F99DFC6AF91F" bold="true" box="[853,993,1659,1683]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Distribution:</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="F3537678FF8FFFC82487F99DFB32F91E" box="[1002,1209,1659,1682]" name="Papua New Guinea" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Papua New Guinea</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C35E6563FF8FFFC82438F97FFAFCF8C5" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF8FFFC82438F97FFAFCF8C5" blockId="14.[813,1467,1537,1866]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF8FFFC82438F97FFBB9F93D" bold="true" box="[853,1074,1689,1713]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Original diagnosis:</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF8FFFC82328F97CFAB5F8C6" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<taxonomicName id="4C444D6BFF8FFFC82328F97CFA8CF93D" box="[1093,1287,1690,1713]" pageId="14" pageNumber="9" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Nippostrongylinae">Nippostrongylinae</taxonomicName>
. Synlophe well developed with 7-10 continuous pointed longitudinal ridges, single left ventral ridge hypertrophied: axis of orientation of ridges sub frontal. Bursa asymmetrical, right lobe larger. Pattern of bursal rays 2-3, dorsal ray divided distal to branching of rays from dorsal trunk. Parasites of hydromyine murids
</emphasis>
[
<bibRefCitation id="EFD54B19FF8FFFC82222F8D4FAE2F8C5" author="Smales LR" box="[1359,1385,1842,1865]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="92 - 106" refId="ref29809" refString="36. Smales LR. 2014. Gastrointestinal helminths (Cestoda, Chabertiidae and Heligmonellidae) of Pogonomys loriae and Pogonomys macrourus (Rodentia: Muridae) from Papua Indonesia and Papua New Guinea with the description of a new genus and two new species. Zootaxa, 3889, 92 - 106." type="journal article" year="2014">36</bibRefCitation>
].
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C35E6563FF8FFFD62440F888FD94FA4E" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="17" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF8FFFC82440F888FAC4F80E" blockId="14.[813,1359,1902,1922]" box="[813,1359,1902,1922]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF8FFFC82440F888FAC4F80E" bold="true" box="[813,1359,1902,1922]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">3.4.1 Analysis of data and difficulties encountered</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF8FFFC82440F840FA29F836" blockId="14.[813,1467,1957,2040]" box="[813,1442,1957,1978]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF8FFFC82440F840FA29F836" bold="true" box="[813,1442,1957,1978]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">3.4.1.1 Synlophe (number of worms studied not provided)</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF8FFFC92438F824FD23FBD5" blockId="14.[813,1467,1957,2040]" lastBlockId="15.[113,768,1059,1785]" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="16" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Sections analyzed herein are those within proximal body: male (Fig. 37/4A) and female (Fig. 38/4B), and at midbody: male (Fig. 40/4C) and female (Fig. 41/4D). Lateral cords illustrated and ridges numbered only in Figure 40/4C.</paragraph>
<caption id="DF3B6660FF8EFFC9271CFC9BFAFFFC46" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12628852" ID-Zenodo-Dep="12628852" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12628852/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" startId="15.[113,180,893,914]" targetBox="[144,1429,238,855]" targetPageId="15" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF8EFFC9271CFC9BFAFFFC46" blockId="15.[113,1466,893,971]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF8EFFC9271CFC9BFF5AFC1E" bold="true" box="[113,209,893,914]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Figure 4.</emphasis>
Genus
<taxonomicName id="4C444D6BFF8EFFC92649FC98FDF4FC1F" authority="Smales, 2014" authorityName="Smales" authorityYear="2014" box="[292,639,894,915]" class="Chromadorea" family="Heligmosomidae" genus="Pogonomystrongylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF8EFFC92649FC98FE66FC1F" box="[292,493,894,915]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Pogonomystrongylus</emphasis>
Smales, 2014
</taxonomicName>
. Body sections. A–D’
<taxonomicName id="4C444D6BFF8EFFC92405FC98FABAFC1F" authority="Smales, 2014" authorityName="Smales" authorityYear="2014" box="[872,1329,894,915]" class="Chromadorea" family="Heligmosomidae" genus="Pogonomystrongylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="domaensis">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF8EFFC92405FC98FB14FC1F" box="[872,1183,894,915]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Pogonomystrongylus domaensis</emphasis>
Smales, 2014
</taxonomicName>
. A–B’ within proximal body. A, A’ male, B, B’ female. C–D’ at midbody. C, C’ male, D, D’ female. Source: A–D redrawn from [
<bibRefCitation id="EFD54B19FF8EFFC92380FC7FFA8EFC22" author="Smales LR" box="[1261,1285,921,942]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="92 - 106" refId="ref29809" refString="36. Smales LR. 2014. Gastrointestinal helminths (Cestoda, Chabertiidae and Heligmonellidae) of Pogonomys loriae and Pogonomys macrourus (Rodentia: Muridae) from Papua Indonesia and Papua New Guinea with the description of a new genus and two new species. Zootaxa, 3889, 92 - 106." type="journal article" year="2014">36</bibRefCitation>
]. A’–D’, modified figures: A’–C’ reversed on their frontal axes with respect to the originals, then slightly rotated clockwise. D’ rotated 45° clockwise.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF8EFFC927F4FB87FD54FA07" blockId="15.[113,768,1059,1785]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
In all sections, careen absent and ridges grouped into three sets alternating with three ridge-free spaces, indicated by arrowheads. Ridge sets are numbered herein (as set 1, set 2, set 3) starting from left and clockwise. In all sections, position of the sets and ridge-free spaces the same: ridge set 1 situated on left side and made up of sole large ridge whose tip directed to ventral side (
<figureCitation id="137F2A6DFF8EFFC9264DFAFEFE54FAA3" box="[288,479,1304,1327]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="15.[113,180,893,914]" captionTargetBox="[144,1429,238,855]" captionTargetId="figure-585@15.[144,1430,238,855]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Figure 4. Genus Pogonomystrongylus Smales, 2014. Body sections. A–D’ Pogonomystrongylus domaensis Smales, 2014. A–B’ within proximal body. A, A’ male, B, B’ female. C–D’ at midbody. C, C’ male, D, D’ female. Source: A–D redrawn from [36]. A’–D’, modified figures: A’–C’ reversed on their frontal axes with respect to the originals, then slightly rotated clockwise. D’ rotated 45° clockwise." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12628852" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12628852/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Figs. 4A, 4B, 4C</figureCitation>
) or perpendicular to body surface (
<figureCitation id="137F2A6DFF8EFFC927A4FAD0FE93FAC1" box="[201,280,1334,1357]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="15.[113,180,893,914]" captionTargetBox="[144,1429,238,855]" captionTargetId="figure-585@15.[144,1430,238,855]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Figure 4. Genus Pogonomystrongylus Smales, 2014. Body sections. A–D’ Pogonomystrongylus domaensis Smales, 2014. A–B’ within proximal body. A, A’ male, B, B’ female. C–D’ at midbody. C, C’ male, D, D’ female. Source: A–D redrawn from [36]. A’–D’, modified figures: A’–C’ reversed on their frontal axes with respect to the originals, then slightly rotated clockwise. D’ rotated 45° clockwise." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12628852" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12628852/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 4D</figureCitation>
). Ridge set 3 made up of four small ridges regularly spaced and subequal, oriented from right to left. In all sections, axis of orientation described as subfrontal in [
<bibRefCitation id="EFD54B19FF8EFFC925DBFA92FD5BFA07" author="Smales LR" box="[694,720,1396,1419]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="92 - 106" refId="ref29809" refString="36. Smales LR. 2014. Gastrointestinal helminths (Cestoda, Chabertiidae and Heligmonellidae) of Pogonomys loriae and Pogonomys macrourus (Rodentia: Muridae) from Papua Indonesia and Papua New Guinea with the description of a new genus and two new species. Zootaxa, 3889, 92 - 106." type="journal article" year="2014">36</bibRefCitation>
].
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF8EFFC927F4FA74FF3CF9AF" blockId="15.[113,768,1059,1785]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF8EFFC927F4FA74FE06FA25" box="[153,397,1426,1449]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Within proximal body:</emphasis>
in
<figureCitation id="137F2A6DFF8EFFC926D4FA74FDA3FA25" box="[441,552,1426,1449]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="15.[113,180,893,914]" captionTargetBox="[144,1429,238,855]" captionTargetId="figure-585@15.[144,1430,238,855]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Figure 4. Genus Pogonomystrongylus Smales, 2014. Body sections. A–D’ Pogonomystrongylus domaensis Smales, 2014. A–B’ within proximal body. A, A’ male, B, B’ female. C–D’ at midbody. C, C’ male, D, D’ female. Source: A–D redrawn from [36]. A’–D’, modified figures: A’–C’ reversed on their frontal axes with respect to the originals, then slightly rotated clockwise. D’ rotated 45° clockwise." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12628852" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12628852/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Figure 4A</figureCitation>
(male), ridge set 2 made up of three medium-sized ridges regularly spaced oriented from right to left.
<figureCitation id="137F2A6DFF8EFFC9265EFA29FE15FA6A" box="[307,414,1487,1510]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="15.[113,180,893,914]" captionTargetBox="[144,1429,238,855]" captionTargetId="figure-585@15.[144,1430,238,855]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Figure 4. Genus Pogonomystrongylus Smales, 2014. Body sections. A–D’ Pogonomystrongylus domaensis Smales, 2014. A–B’ within proximal body. A, A’ male, B, B’ female. C–D’ at midbody. C, C’ male, D, D’ female. Source: A–D redrawn from [36]. A’–D’, modified figures: A’–C’ reversed on their frontal axes with respect to the originals, then slightly rotated clockwise. D’ rotated 45° clockwise." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12628852" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12628852/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Figure 4B</figureCitation>
(female), ridge set 2 made up of four ridges (two small, two medium-sized) oriented from right to left.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF8EFFC927F4F9CDFF42F912" blockId="15.[113,768,1059,1785]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF8EFFC927F4F9CDFE97F9CE" box="[153,284,1579,1602]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">At midbody:</emphasis>
in
<figureCitation id="137F2A6DFF8EFFC9262FF9CDFE26F9CE" box="[322,429,1579,1602]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="15.[113,180,893,914]" captionTargetBox="[144,1429,238,855]" captionTargetId="figure-585@15.[144,1430,238,855]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Figure 4. Genus Pogonomystrongylus Smales, 2014. Body sections. A–D’ Pogonomystrongylus domaensis Smales, 2014. A–B’ within proximal body. A, A’ male, B, B’ female. C–D’ at midbody. C, C’ male, D, D’ female. Source: A–D redrawn from [36]. A’–D’, modified figures: A’–C’ reversed on their frontal axes with respect to the originals, then slightly rotated clockwise. D’ rotated 45° clockwise." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12628852" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12628852/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Figure 4C</figureCitation>
(male), ridge set 2 made up of five small ridges, ridges 4 to 1 showing decreasing size gradient and oriented from right to left plus minute ridge 5 perpendicular to body.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF8EFFC927F4F943FED9F975" blockId="15.[113,768,1059,1785]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<figureCitation id="137F2A6DFF8EFFC927F4F943FE89F930" box="[153,258,1701,1724]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="15.[113,180,893,914]" captionTargetBox="[144,1429,238,855]" captionTargetId="figure-585@15.[144,1430,238,855]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Figure 4. Genus Pogonomystrongylus Smales, 2014. Body sections. A–D’ Pogonomystrongylus domaensis Smales, 2014. A–B’ within proximal body. A, A’ male, B, B’ female. C–D’ at midbody. C, C’ male, D, D’ female. Source: A–D redrawn from [36]. A’–D’, modified figures: A’–C’ reversed on their frontal axes with respect to the originals, then slightly rotated clockwise. D’ rotated 45° clockwise." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12628852" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12628852/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Figure 4D</figureCitation>
(female), ridge set 2 made up of six small to minute ridges oriented from right to left with decreasing size gradient from right to left.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF8EFFC9271CF8C3FDD0F8D9" blockId="15.[113,768,1829,1999]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF8EFFC9271CF8C3FD34F8B5" bold="true" box="[113,703,1829,1849]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">3.4.1.2 Bursa (number of worms studied not provided,</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF8EFFC927ADF8A7FDD0F8D9" bold="true" box="[192,603,1857,1877]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
illustrated in [
<bibRefCitation id="EFD54B19FF8EFFC9263AF8A7FEFBF8D9" author="Smales LR" box="[343,368,1857,1877]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="92 - 106" refId="ref29809" refString="36. Smales LR. 2014. Gastrointestinal helminths (Cestoda, Chabertiidae and Heligmonellidae) of Pogonomys loriae and Pogonomys macrourus (Rodentia: Muridae) from Papua Indonesia and Papua New Guinea with the description of a new genus and two new species. Zootaxa, 3889, 92 - 106." type="journal article" year="2014">36</bibRefCitation>
]: Figs. 42, 44 and 45)
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF8EFFC927F4F8BAFC00FBD5" blockId="15.[113,768,1829,1999]" lastBlockId="15.[813,1467,1059,1113]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
Figure 42: dorsal ray and rays 8, orientation not specified. Figure 44: left lateral lobe and Figure 45: right lateral lobe. Genital cone developed (though “not prominent” from the written description). From the generic definition, bursa dissymmetrical with right lobe slightly larger and pattern of
<typeStatus id="54FF884AFF8EFFC92440FBA4FCD2FBD5" box="[813,857,1090,1113]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">type</typeStatus>
2-3.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF8EFFC92440FB9DFC56FB03" blockId="15.[813,989,1146,1167]" box="[813,989,1146,1167]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF8EFFC92440FB9DFC56FB03" bold="true" box="[813,989,1146,1167]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">3.4.2 Comments</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF8EFFC92440FB55FC69FB44" blockId="15.[813,1467,1203,1835]" box="[813,994,1203,1224]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF8EFFC92440FB55FC69FB44" bold="true" box="[813,994,1203,1224]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">3.4.2.1 Synlophe</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF8EFFC92438FB29FB1AF9BA" blockId="15.[813,1467,1203,1835]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
In sections 4A and 4B, the ridges determine, in spite of the interpretation of Smales [
<bibRefCitation id="EFD54B19FF8EFFC9232FFB08FBD7FA89" author="Smales LR" box="[1090,1116,1262,1285]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="92 - 106" refId="ref29809" refString="36. Smales LR. 2014. Gastrointestinal helminths (Cestoda, Chabertiidae and Heligmonellidae) of Pogonomys loriae and Pogonomys macrourus (Rodentia: Muridae) from Papua Indonesia and Papua New Guinea with the description of a new genus and two new species. Zootaxa, 3889, 92 - 106." type="journal article" year="2014">36</bibRefCitation>
], an oblique axis of orientation directed from the right-dorsal to the left-ventral quadrant, and this is mainly due to the fact that the tip of ridge 1’ is directed to the ventral side. By definition, the axis of orientation of the Heligmosomoidea is directed from the right-ventral to the left-dorsal quadrant; in addition, in the
<taxonomicName id="4C444D6BFF8EFFC923CCFA60FAC5FA11" authorityName="Skrjabin &amp; Schikobalova" authorityYear="1952" box="[1185,1358,1414,1437]" class="Chromadorea" family="Heligmonellidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Nematoda" rank="family">Heligmonellidae</taxonomicName>
, the tip of ridge 1’ is always directed to the dorsal side. If the sections are reversed on their frontal axis, then slightly rotated clockwise (
<figureCitation id="137F2A6DFF8EFFC92458FA04FC16FA76" box="[821,925,1506,1530]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="15.[113,180,893,914]" captionTargetBox="[144,1429,238,855]" captionTargetId="figure-585@15.[144,1430,238,855]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Figure 4. Genus Pogonomystrongylus Smales, 2014. Body sections. A–D’ Pogonomystrongylus domaensis Smales, 2014. A–B’ within proximal body. A, A’ male, B, B’ female. C–D’ at midbody. C, C’ male, D, D’ female. Source: A–D redrawn from [36]. A’–D’, modified figures: A’–C’ reversed on their frontal axes with respect to the originals, then slightly rotated clockwise. D’ rotated 45° clockwise." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12628852" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12628852/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Figs. 4A’</figureCitation>
, 4B’), the inclination of the axis of orientation becomes oblique (and not subfrontal), directed from the right-ventral to the left-dorsal quadrant.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF8EFFC92438F9D8FC10F943" blockId="15.[813,1467,1203,1835]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
In section 4C, the axis is not subfrontal since it does not pass through the lateral cords. If the section is reversed on its frontal axis, then slightly rotated clockwise, the tip of ridge 1’ is directed dorsally and the axis becomes oblique (
<figureCitation id="137F2A6DFF8EFFC92458F95EFC07F943" box="[821,908,1719,1743]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="15.[113,180,893,914]" captionTargetBox="[144,1429,238,855]" captionTargetId="figure-585@15.[144,1430,238,855]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Figure 4. Genus Pogonomystrongylus Smales, 2014. Body sections. A–D’ Pogonomystrongylus domaensis Smales, 2014. A–B’ within proximal body. A, A’ male, B, B’ female. C–D’ at midbody. C, C’ male, D, D’ female. Source: A–D redrawn from [36]. A’–D’, modified figures: A’–C’ reversed on their frontal axes with respect to the originals, then slightly rotated clockwise. D’ rotated 45° clockwise." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12628852" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12628852/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 4C’</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF8EFFC92438F930FB4BF8A7" blockId="15.[813,1467,1203,1835]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
In section 4D, it is sufficient to turn the section clockwise 45° to obtain a new interpretation (
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) which is congruent with the re-oriented sections 4A’–4C’.
</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF8EFFC92440F8B1FC37F8E7" bold="true" box="[813,956,1879,1899]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">3.4.2.2 Bursa</emphasis>
</paragraph>
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Captions and drawings contradict each other. In Figure 44, the genital cone is illustrated above the rays, which means that the lobe is seen in ventral view, and it is actually the right lobe. In Figure 45, the dorsal lobe is clearly visible and at the right side of the figure is folded ventrally which means that the bursa is seen in dorsal view and the illustrated lobe is actually the left lobe. Figure 42 is clearly in dorsal view. The genital cone is clearly prominent since its length attains 50% of the bursal length. Judging from the illustrations, the pattern is
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both lobes. In right lobe, ray 2 very short, ray 3 diverging first from common trunk to rays 3-6, then ray 6. In left lobe, rays 2 and 3 very long, rays 3 and 6 diverging at same level from their common trunk.
</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF91FFD6271CFD93FF45FD06" bold="true" box="[113,206,629,650]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Figure 5.</emphasis>
Genus
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<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF91FFD62673FD93FE19FD06" box="[286,402,629,650]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Nugininema</emphasis>
Smales, 2016
</taxonomicName>
. Body sections. A–D.
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<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF91FFD62595FD93FC26FD06" box="[760,941,629,650]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Nugininema titokis</emphasis>
Smales, 2016
</taxonomicName>
. A, B within proximal body. A male. B female. C, D, at midbody. C male, D female. Abbreviations: co, comarete. Source: A–D redrawn from [
<bibRefCitation id="EFD54B19FF91FFD62304FD77FB0AFD2A" author="Smales LR" box="[1129,1153,657,678]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" pagination="183 - 197" refId="ref29907" refString="38. Smales LR. 2016. The gastrointestinal helminths of Rattus niobe (Rodentia: Muridae) with descriptions of two new genera and three new species (Nematoda) from Papua New Guinea and Papua Indonesia. Zootaxa, 4117, 183 - 197." type="journal article" year="2016">38</bibRefCitation>
].
</paragraph>
</caption>
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<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF91FFD6271CFBA7FEA2FBD9" bold="true" box="[113,297,1088,1109]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">3.4.3 Conclusion</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF91FFD627F4FB9CFD94FA4E" blockId="16.[113,768,1146,1474]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
If our interpretation of the synlophe and bursa are accurate, we consider
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<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF91FFD62798FB7EFE45FB23" box="[245,462,1176,1199]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Pogonomystrongylus</emphasis>
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a valid genus. However, due to the ambiguous descriptions of both the synlophe and bursa, further studies either on the
<typeStatus id="54FF884AFF91FFD62698FB33FDAAFB60" box="[501,545,1237,1260]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">type</typeStatus>
material or on new material would be necessary to provide a new definition of the genus.
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<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF91FFD6278CFAF5FE31FAA6" box="[225,442,1299,1322]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Pogonomystrongylus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
shares with
<taxonomicName id="4C444D6BFF91FFD62551FAF5FD72FAA6" authorityName="Smales" authorityYear="2009" box="[572,761,1299,1322]" class="Chromadorea" family="Heligmosomidae" genus="Melomystrongylus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL,GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF91FFD62551FAF5FD72FAA6" box="[572,761,1299,1322]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Melomystrongylus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
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<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF91FFD6271CFAD7FE88FAC4" box="[113,259,1329,1352]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Hasanuddinia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C444D6BFF91FFD6265BFAD7FDE4FAC4" authority="Smales, 2010" authorityName="Smales &amp; Heinrich" authorityYear="2010" box="[310,623,1329,1352]" class="Chromadorea" family="Heligmosomidae" genus="Montistrongylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF91FFD6265BFAD7FE55FAC4" box="[310,478,1329,1352]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Montistrongylus</emphasis>
Smales, 2010
</taxonomicName>
the following features: (1) careen absent and (2) alternation of ridge sets with ridge-free spaces.
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<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF91FFD6265AFA88FD9BFA09" box="[311,528,1390,1413]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Pogonomystrongylus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is distinguished from the three mentioned genera by the absence of ventral comaretes and by the presence of a large left ridge.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C35E6563FF91FFD6271CFA00FF6EF880" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF91FFD6271CFA00FE0EFA76" blockId="16.[113,389,1510,1530]" box="[113,389,1510,1530]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF91FFD6271CFA00FE0EFA76" bold="true" box="[113,389,1510,1530]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">3.4.4 Emended diagnosis</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF91FFD627F4F9F9FF6EF880" blockId="16.[113,768,1567,1804]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF91FFD627F4F9F9FEF1F9BA" box="[153,378,1567,1590]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<taxonomicName id="4C444D6BFF91FFD627F4F9F9FEFEF9BA" authorityName="Smales" authorityYear="2014" box="[153,373,1567,1590]" class="Chromadorea" family="Heligmosomidae" genus="Pogonomystrongylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">Pogonomystrongylus</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
Synlophe without careen. Ten ridges in male,
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female. Ridges irregularly spaced, grouped into three sets alternating with three ridge-free spaces. Ridge 1’ largest, flanked on both sides by ridge-free spaces. Other ridges small to medium-sized. Slight decreasing gradient in ridge size from right to left on both dorsal and ventral sides. Axis of orientation oblique. Bursal characteristic pattern of
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both lobes.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
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3.6.1 Analysis of data and difficulties encountered
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<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF90FFD72404FBEFFBEAFB91" bold="true" box="[873,1121,1033,1053]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Rodentanema aenigma</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF90FFD72440FBA4FC38FBDA" bold="true" box="[813,947,1090,1110]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">3.6.1.1 Head</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF90FFD72438FBBBFAB4FB3D" blockId="17.[813,1467,1090,1202]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Illustrations analyzed herein are proximal extremity in lateral (Fig. 27/6A) and apical (28/6B) views. Buccal capsule (Fig. 27/6A) and five lips (Fig. 28/6B), illustrated.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF90FFD72440FB02FBBEFA9F" blockId="17.[813,1467,1251,1728]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF90FFD72440FB02FAE3FB74" bold="true" box="[813,1384,1251,1272]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
3.6.1.2 Synlophe (based on sections from
<specimenCount id="9D42FD61FF90FFD72394FB02FAE3FB74" box="[1273,1384,1252,1272]" count="2" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="male">two males</specimenCount>
</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF90FFD72411FB19FBBEFA9F" bold="true" box="[892,1077,1279,1299]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
and
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)
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF90FFD72438FAFDFC10FAE3" blockId="17.[813,1467,1251,1728]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Sections analyzed herein are at midbody: male (Figs. 31/6C) and female (32/6D). Lateral cords not illustrated; ridges not numbered.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF90FFD72438FA91FBF9FA47" blockId="17.[813,1467,1251,1728]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF90FFD72438FA91FC5DFA02" box="[853,982,1399,1422]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">At midbody:</emphasis>
in both sexes, careen absent and ridges subequal, medium-sized. Ridges irregularly spaced, separated by ridge-free spaces (arrowheads).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF90FFD72438FA35FBE3F9C9" blockId="17.[813,1467,1251,1728]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<figureCitation id="137F2A6DFF90FFD72438FA35FC4AFA66" box="[853,961,1491,1514]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="18.[113,180,1051,1072]" captionTargetBox="[144,1428,238,1029]" captionTargetId="figure-461@18.[144,1429,238,1029]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="Figure 6. Genus Rodentanema Smales, 2016. A–D’. Rodentanema aenigma Smales, 2016. A–B’ head. A lateral or median view showing buccal capsule. B, B’ apical view. C, D sections at midbody. C male, D, D’ female. Abbreviations: bc buccal capsule. Source: A–D redrawn from [38]. B’, D’ modified figures: B’ six lips instead five. D’ rotated 90° counterclockwise with respect to the original." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12628858" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12628858/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Figure 6C</figureCitation>
(male) six ridges separated by three ridge-free spaces (arrowheads): two ridges mid- dorsal oriented from right to left, one ridge right-ventral, three ridges left-ventral; all these latter with unclear orientation.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF90FFD72438F9ABFBC5F94C" blockId="17.[813,1467,1251,1728]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<figureCitation id="137F2A6DFF90FFD72438F9ABFC36F9E8" box="[853,957,1613,1636]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="18.[113,180,1051,1072]" captionTargetBox="[144,1428,238,1029]" captionTargetId="figure-461@18.[144,1429,238,1029]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="Figure 6. Genus Rodentanema Smales, 2016. A–D’. Rodentanema aenigma Smales, 2016. A–B’ head. A lateral or median view showing buccal capsule. B, B’ apical view. C, D sections at midbody. C male, D, D’ female. Abbreviations: bc buccal capsule. Source: A–D redrawn from [38]. B’, D’ modified figures: B’ six lips instead five. D’ rotated 90° counterclockwise with respect to the original." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12628858" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12628858/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Figure 6D</figureCitation>
(female) seven ridges separated by two ridge-free spaces (arrowheads): one ridge mid-dorsal oriented to left, six ventral ridges (three right-ventral, two left-ventral); tips of these two latter groups divergent.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF90FFD72440F914FA9DF8AE" blockId="17.[813,1467,1778,2040]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF90FFD72440F914FAF6F88A" bold="true" box="[813,1405,1778,1798]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">3.6.1.3 Bursa (number of worms studied not specified,</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF90FFD72411F8E8FA9DF8AE" bold="true" box="[892,1302,1806,1826]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
illustrated in [
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]: Figs. 30, 33 and 34)
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF90FFD42438F8CFFE26FB6A" blockId="17.[813,1467,1778,2040]" lastBlockId="18.[113,767,1200,1254]" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="19" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
Figure 30: distal extremity including closed bursa, left lateral view, only rays 3-8 illustrated, rays 4-6 joined up to extremities. Figure 33: bursa “partially unrolled in left lateral and dorsal aspects”, only dorsal ray and left rays 4-8 illustrated, extremities of left rays 4-6 diverging. Figure 34: dorsal lobe, orientation not specified. Right lobe not illustrated. From generic definition [
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], bursa dissymmetrical with right lobe larger; whereas from description, left lobe larger. From generic definition, pattern of
<typeStatus id="54FF884AFF93FFD42622FB29FEF0FB6A" box="[335,379,1231,1254]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">type</typeStatus>
1-4.
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF93FFD4271CFBFDFA8DFBE4" blockId="18.[113,1467,1051,1128]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF93FFD4271CFBFDFF44FBBC" bold="true" box="[113,207,1051,1072]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Figure 6.</emphasis>
Genus
<taxonomicName id="4C444D6BFF93FFD4264DFBFDFDBBFBBC" authority="Smales, 2016" authorityName="Smales" authorityYear="2016" box="[288,560,1051,1072]" class="Chromadorea" family="Heligmosomidae" genus="Rodentanema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF93FFD4264DFBFDFE28FBBC" box="[288,419,1051,1072]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Rodentanema</emphasis>
Smales, 2016
</taxonomicName>
. A–D’.
<taxonomicName id="4C444D6BFF93FFD42512FBFDFC61FBBC" authority="Smales, 2016" authorityName="Smales" authorityYear="2016" box="[639,1002,1051,1072]" class="Chromadorea" family="Heligmosomidae" genus="Rodentanema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="aenigma">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF93FFD42512FBFDFCD7FBBC" box="[639,860,1051,1072]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Rodentanema aenigma</emphasis>
Smales, 2016
</taxonomicName>
. A–B’ head. A lateral or median view showing buccal capsule. B, B’ apical view. C, D sections at midbody. C male, D, D’ female. Abbreviations: bc buccal capsule. Source: A–D redrawn from [
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]. B’, D’ modified figures: B’ six lips instead five. D’ rotated 90° counterclockwise with respect to the original.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF93FFD4271CFAE3FEA9FA95" blockId="18.[113,290,1284,1305]" box="[113,290,1284,1305]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF93FFD4271CFAE3FEA9FA95" bold="true" box="[113,290,1284,1305]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">3.6.2 Comments</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF93FFD4271CFAC8FF7CFACE" blockId="18.[113,767,1326,1529]" box="[113,247,1326,1346]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<heading id="D0B38184FF93FFD4271CFAC8FF7CFACE" box="[113,247,1326,1346]" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" reason="4">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF93FFD4271CFAC8FF7CFACE" bold="true" box="[113,247,1326,1346]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">3.6.2.1 Head</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF93FFD427F4FAACFF1DFA75" blockId="18.[113,767,1326,1529]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
In the original written description, the cephalic vesicle is indicated as present but is not illustrated. On the other hand, lips and teeth are indicated as absent, but the illustration in apical view shows clearly five lips (Fig.
<quantity id="4CBC9B0DFF93FFD426A6FA43FD8BFA30" box="[459,512,1445,1468]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.112" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" unit="in" value="28.0">28 in</quantity>
[
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]), which is undoubtedly a drawing flaw since these structures appear in number of six.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF93FFD4271CF9C7FEADF9B9" blockId="18.[113,768,1568,2047]" box="[113,294,1568,1589]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF93FFD4271CF9C7FEADF9B9" bold="true" box="[113,294,1568,1589]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">3.6.2.2 Synlophe</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF93FFD427F4F9DBFE50F9FE" blockId="18.[113,768,1568,2047]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">The position of the ridges and the inclination of the axis are very different between both sexes.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF93FFD427F4F99CFDABF8A6" blockId="18.[113,768,1568,2047]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
In
<figureCitation id="137F2A6DFF93FFD427D5F99CFEAFF91D" box="[184,292,1658,1681]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="18.[113,180,1051,1072]" captionTargetBox="[144,1428,238,1029]" captionTargetId="figure-461@18.[144,1429,238,1029]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="Figure 6. Genus Rodentanema Smales, 2016. A–D’. Rodentanema aenigma Smales, 2016. A–B’ head. A lateral or median view showing buccal capsule. B, B’ apical view. C, D sections at midbody. C male, D, D’ female. Abbreviations: bc buccal capsule. Source: A–D redrawn from [38]. B’, D’ modified figures: B’ six lips instead five. D’ rotated 90° counterclockwise with respect to the original." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12628858" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12628858/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Figure 6C</figureCitation>
(male), the tip of the only ridge situated on right-ventral quadrant is perpendicular to the body surface but clearly divergent from the tips of the dorsal ridges. The remaining ventral ridges are also oriented perpendicularly to body surface, there are no convergent tips and the inclination of the axis of orientation remains uncertain.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF93FFD427F4F8D7FD66F828" blockId="18.[113,768,1568,2047]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<figureCitation id="137F2A6DFF93FFD427F4F8D7FE88F8C4" box="[153,259,1841,1864]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="18.[113,180,1051,1072]" captionTargetBox="[144,1428,238,1029]" captionTargetId="figure-461@18.[144,1429,238,1029]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="Figure 6. Genus Rodentanema Smales, 2016. A–D’. Rodentanema aenigma Smales, 2016. A–B’ head. A lateral or median view showing buccal capsule. B, B’ apical view. C, D sections at midbody. C male, D, D’ female. Abbreviations: bc buccal capsule. Source: A–D redrawn from [38]. B’, D’ modified figures: B’ six lips instead five. D’ rotated 90° counterclockwise with respect to the original." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12628858" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12628858/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Figure 6D</figureCitation>
(female); if the section is reversed on its sagittal axis, then turned about 75° counterclockwise we obtain a section whose synlophe is similar to that of other Heligmosomoidea in which the axis is subfrontal (
<figureCitation id="137F2A6DFF93FFD425EBF86BFD55F828" box="[646,734,1932,1956]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="18.[113,180,1051,1072]" captionTargetBox="[144,1428,238,1029]" captionTargetId="figure-461@18.[144,1429,238,1029]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="Figure 6. Genus Rodentanema Smales, 2016. A–D’. Rodentanema aenigma Smales, 2016. A–B’ head. A lateral or median view showing buccal capsule. B, B’ apical view. C, D sections at midbody. C male, D, D’ female. Abbreviations: bc buccal capsule. Source: A–D redrawn from [38]. B’, D’ modified figures: B’ six lips instead five. D’ rotated 90° counterclockwise with respect to the original." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12628858" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12628858/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Fig. 6D’</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF93FFD427F4F84DFB31FA88" blockId="18.[113,768,1568,2047]" lastBlockId="18.[813,1467,1199,1895]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
Based on these observations,
<specimenCount id="9D42FD61FF93FFD426BFF84DFDB3F84E" box="[466,568,1963,1986]" count="2" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="generic" typeStatus="types">two types</specimenCount>
of synlophe could be described:
<typeStatus id="54FF884AFF93FFD42666F82CFECBF86D" box="[267,320,1994,2017]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Type</typeStatus>
I (
<figureCitation id="137F2A6DFF93FFD42605F82CFE37F86D" box="[360,444,1994,2017]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="18.[113,180,1051,1072]" captionTargetBox="[144,1428,238,1029]" captionTargetId="figure-461@18.[144,1429,238,1029]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="Figure 6. Genus Rodentanema Smales, 2016. A–D’. Rodentanema aenigma Smales, 2016. A–B’ head. A lateral or median view showing buccal capsule. B, B’ apical view. C, D sections at midbody. C male, D, D’ female. Abbreviations: bc buccal capsule. Source: A–D redrawn from [38]. B’, D’ modified figures: B’ six lips instead five. D’ rotated 90° counterclockwise with respect to the original." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12628858" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12628858/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Fig. 6C</figureCitation>
) characterized by 6 ridges at midbody grouped into three sets with inclination of axis of orientation uncertain.
<typeStatus id="54FF884AFF93FFD4234DFB56FBDEFB4B" box="[1056,1109,1200,1223]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Type</typeStatus>
II (
<figureCitation id="137F2A6DFF93FFD423E2FB56FB7BFB4B" box="[1167,1264,1199,1223]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="18.[113,180,1051,1072]" captionTargetBox="[144,1428,238,1029]" captionTargetId="figure-461@18.[144,1429,238,1029]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="Figure 6. Genus Rodentanema Smales, 2016. A–D’. Rodentanema aenigma Smales, 2016. A–B’ head. A lateral or median view showing buccal capsule. B, B’ apical view. C, D sections at midbody. C male, D, D’ female. Abbreviations: bc buccal capsule. Source: A–D redrawn from [38]. B’, D’ modified figures: B’ six lips instead five. D’ rotated 90° counterclockwise with respect to the original." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12628858" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12628858/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Fig. 6D’</figureCitation>
) characterized by 7 ridges at midbody grouped into two sets with inclination of axis of orientation perhaps subfrontal.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF93FFD42438FAEAFB5CF9FF" blockId="18.[813,1467,1199,1895]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
The presence of a cephalic vesicle, a developed buccal capsule, and six lips indicate that the specimens studied do not belong to the
<taxonomicName id="4C444D6BFF93FFD424D3FAAFFBE3FAEC" authorityName="Skrjabin &amp; Schikobalova" authorityYear="1952" box="[958,1128,1353,1376]" class="Chromadorea" family="Heligmonellidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Nematoda" rank="family">Heligmonellidae</taxonomicName>
but should rather be assimilated with the
<taxonomicName id="4C444D6BFF93FFD424E4FA81FBD6FAF2" box="[905,1117,1383,1406]" class="Chromadorea" family="Herpetostrongylidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Nematoda" rank="family">Herpetostrongylidae</taxonomicName>
: Herpetostrongylinae (parasitic in reptiles, Australian marsupials and exceptionally in rodents). The Herpetostrongylinae possess the same cephalic characters described above, plus 1-3 oesophageal teeth (not observed by the author in
<taxonomicName id="4C444D6BFF93FFD424AFFA04FBDBFA75" authorityName="Smales" authorityYear="2016" box="[962,1104,1506,1529]" class="Chromadorea" family="Heligmosomidae" genus="Rodentanema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF93FFD424AFFA04FBDBFA75" box="[962,1104,1506,1529]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Rodentanema</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). Besides the cephalic characters, the Herpetostrongylinae possess a synlophe with an axis of orientation oblique or subfrontal, bursae of different
<typeStatus id="54FF884AFF93FFD422E9F9F9FA31F9BA" box="[1412,1466,1567,1590]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">types</typeStatus>
including the
<typeStatus id="54FF884AFF93FFD424A6F9DBFC73F9D8" box="[971,1016,1597,1620]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">type</typeStatus>
1-4, females didelphic or monodelphic, and female tails with or without a spine.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF93FFD42438F99CFB6AF8EB" blockId="18.[813,1467,1199,1895]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
Among the Herpetostrongylinae, only two genera are characterized by females which are monodelphic and without a caudal spine:
<taxonomicName id="4C444D6BFF93FFD424D0F95EFAF2F942" authority="Humphery-Smith, 1981" authorityName="Humphery-Smith" authorityYear="1981" box="[957,1401,1719,1743]" class="Chromadorea" family="Heligmosomidae" genus="Dessetostrongylus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF93FFD424D0F95EFBF2F943" box="[957,1145,1720,1743]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Dessetostrongylus</emphasis>
Humphery-Smith, 1981
</taxonomicName>
, parasitic in
<taxonomicName id="4C444D6BFF93FFD424E8F930FB19F961" authority="(Marsupialia)" baseAuthorityName="Marsupialia" box="[901,1170,1750,1773]" class="Mammalia" family="Dasyuridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dasyuromorphia" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Dasyuridae (Marsupialia)</taxonomicName>
in
<collectingCountry id="F3537678FF93FFD423ACF930FAAAF961" box="[1217,1313,1750,1773]" name="Australia" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Australia</collectingCountry>
, and
<taxonomicName id="4C444D6BFF93FFD42208F930FBA8F880" authority="Smales, 2010" authorityName="Smales" authorityYear="2010" class="Chromadorea" family="Herpetostrongylidae" genus="Papuastrongylus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF93FFD42208F930FC05F880" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Papuastrongylus</emphasis>
Smales, 2010
</taxonomicName>
parasitic in
<taxonomicName id="4C444D6BFF93FFD423CAF913FB75F880" box="[1191,1278,1781,1804]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Muridae</taxonomicName>
from
<collectingCountry id="F3537678FF93FFD4222FF913FCF0F8A6" name="Papua New Guinea" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Papua New Guinea</collectingCountry>
. The two genera are differentiated from the specimens described as
<taxonomicName id="4C444D6BFF93FFD424D1F8D4FBC1F8C5" authorityName="Smales" authorityYear="2016" box="[956,1098,1842,1865]" class="Chromadorea" family="Heligmosomidae" genus="Rodentanema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF93FFD424D1F8D4FBC1F8C5" box="[956,1098,1842,1865]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Rodentanema</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by having well-developed buccal capsules and a different synlophe pattern.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF93FFD42440F869FC37F82F" blockId="18.[813,1467,1935,2047]" box="[813,956,1935,1955]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF93FFD42440F869FC37F82F" bold="true" box="[813,956,1935,1955]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">3.6.2.3 Bursa</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF93FFD52438F84DFDF3FA86" blockId="18.[813,1467,1935,2047]" lastBlockId="19.[113,768,1115,1290]" lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="20" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
According to [
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], Figures 30 and 33 illustrate the left lobe. But both figures are clearly different, particularly concerning left ray 8, which in Figure 33 is seen mostly parallel to ray 6 and in Figure 30 it diverges proximally from it. Figures 30 and 33 correspond clearly to different bursae, which may imply the presence of two different species among the
<typeStatus id="54FF884AFF92FFD5253CFB7EFDF6FB23" box="[593,637,1176,1199]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">type</typeStatus>
material. In addition, the right lobe is not illustrated, the description of the bursa is very brief and ambiguous and in the absence of an illustration of ray 2, the pattern cannot be determined.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF3B6660FF92FFD5271CFC30FCBFFBAF" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12628860" ID-Zenodo-Dep="12628860" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12628860/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" startId="19.[113,180,982,1003]" targetBox="[161,1435,239,961]" targetPageId="19" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF92FFD5271CFC30FCBFFBAF" blockId="19.[113,1467,981,1059]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF92FFD5271CFC30FF44FC67" bold="true" box="[113,207,982,1003]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Figure 7.</emphasis>
Genus
<taxonomicName id="4C444D6BFF92FFD5264DFC30FD9DFC67" authority="Smales, 2017" authorityName="Smales" authorityYear="2017" box="[288,534,982,1003]" class="Chromadorea" family="Heligmosomidae" genus="Parvinema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF92FFD5264DFC30FE03FC67" box="[288,392,982,1003]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Parvinema</emphasis>
Smales, 2017
</taxonomicName>
. Midbody sections. A, B
<taxonomicName id="4C444D6BFF92FFD52479FC30FB1DFC67" authority="Smales, 2017" authorityName="Smales" authorityYear="2017" box="[788,1174,982,1003]" class="Chromadorea" family="Heligmosomidae" genus="Parvinema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="bafunminense">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF92FFD52479FC30FB83FC67" box="[788,1032,982,1003]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Parvinema bafunminense</emphasis>
Smales, 2017
</taxonomicName>
. A male, B, B’ female. C, C’
<taxonomicName id="4C444D6BFF92FFD5271CFC14FE25FB8B" authority="Smales, 2017" authorityName="Smales" authorityYear="2017" box="[113,430,1010,1031]" class="Chromadorea" family="Heligmosomidae" genus="Parvinema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="helgeni">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF92FFD5271CFC14FEADFB8B" box="[113,294,1010,1031]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Parvinema helgeni</emphasis>
Smales, 2017
</taxonomicName>
, male. Source: A–C redrawn from [
<bibRefCitation id="EFD54B19FF92FFD5246EFC14FC90FB8B" author="Smales LR" box="[771,795,1010,1031]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="762 - 771" refId="ref29998" refString="40. Smales LR. 2017. The gastrointestinal nematodes of Paramelomys lorentzii and Mammelomys spp. (Rodentia: Muridae) with descriptions of a new genus and three new species (Heligmonellidae) from Papua New Guinea and Indonesia. Acta Parasitologica, 62, 762 - 771." type="journal article" year="2017">40</bibRefCitation>
]. B’, C’ modified figures with respect to the original: B’ numbering of ridges added. C’ reversed on its frontal axis, then rotated 30° clockwise.
</paragraph>
</caption>
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<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF92FFD5271CFADFFEA2FAC2" bold="true" box="[113,297,1337,1358]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">3.6.3 Conclusion</emphasis>
</paragraph>
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There seem to be two taxa concerned in the description of this species (each characterized by a different synlophe): “
<taxonomicName id="4C444D6BFF92FFD52710FA49FF7FFA4A" authorityName="Smales" authorityYear="2016" box="[125,244,1455,1478]" class="Chromadorea" family="Heligmosomidae" genus="Rodentanema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="aenigma">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF92FFD52710FA49FF7FFA4A" box="[125,244,1455,1478]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">R. aenigma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
” and a
<taxonomicName id="4C444D6BFF92FFD5262AFA49FD93FA4A" box="[327,536,1455,1478]" class="Chromadorea" family="Herpetostrongylidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Nematoda" rank="family">Herpetostrongylidae</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF92FFD52572FA49FDB6FA4A" box="[543,573,1455,1478]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">i.s.</emphasis>
The uncertain orientation of the ridges, the incomplete description of the bursa, plus the fact that we do not know what type of synlophe the
<typeStatus id="54FF884AFF92FFD5271CF9EDFF40F9AE" box="[113,203,1547,1570]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
corresponds to,
<taxonomicName id="4C444D6BFF92FFD52610F9EDFDE6F9AE" authorityName="Smales" authorityYear="2016" box="[381,621,1547,1570]" class="Chromadorea" family="Heligmosomidae" genus="Rodentanema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="aenigma">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF92FFD52610F9EDFDE6F9AE" box="[381,621,1547,1570]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Rodentanema aenigma</emphasis>
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is considered a
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF92FFD527E4F9CFFEC4F9CC" box="[137,335,1577,1600]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">species inquirenda</emphasis>
. Being the type and unique species of the genus, it is impossible to give a precise definition of it. We thus consider
<taxonomicName id="4C444D6BFF92FFD5265CF981FE34F9F2" authorityName="Smales" authorityYear="2016" box="[305,447,1639,1662]" class="Chromadorea" family="Heligmosomidae" genus="Rodentanema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF92FFD5265CF981FE34F9F2" box="[305,447,1639,1662]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Rodentanema</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
a
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF92FFD526B6F981FD28F9F2" box="[475,675,1639,1662]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">genus inquirendum</emphasis>
.
</paragraph>
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125
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<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF90FFD72440FDEBFACBFDAA" bold="true" box="[813,1344,525,550]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
3.6
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<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF90FFD72431FDEBFBA6FDAA" bold="true" box="[860,1069,525,550]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">RODENTANEMA</emphasis>
Smales, 2016
</taxonomicName>
(
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)
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species:
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<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF90FFD7249CFDA5FB6BFDD6" box="[1009,1248,579,602]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Rodentanema aenigma</emphasis>
Smales, 2016
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.
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<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF90FFD72438FD87FC11FDF5" bold="true" box="[853,922,609,633]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Hosts:</emphasis>
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,
<taxonomicName id="4C444D6BFF90FFD72365FD84FBD4FDF5" authorityName="Illiger" authorityYear="1811" box="[1032,1119,610,633]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Murinae">Murinae</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="4C444D6BFF90FFD72302FD84FB59FDF5" authorityName="Bowdich" authorityYear="1821" box="[1135,1234,610,633]" class="Mammalia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="order">Rodentia</taxonomicName>
).
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<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF90FFD72438FD66FC36FD14" bold="true" box="[853,957,640,664]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Host site:</emphasis>
small intestine.
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<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF90FFD72438FD78FC6AFD3A" bold="true" box="[853,993,670,694]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Distribution:</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="F3537678FF90FFD72487FD79FB32FD3A" box="[1002,1209,671,694]" name="Papua New Guinea" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Papua New Guinea</collectingCountry>
.
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<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF90FFD72438FD5BFBA8FD59" bold="true" box="[853,1059,701,725]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Original diagnosis</emphasis>
:
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF90FFD7235AFD58FBD3FC45" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<taxonomicName id="4C444D6BFF90FFD7235AFD58FB6EFD59" authorityName="Skrjabin &amp; Schikobalova" authorityYear="1952" box="[1079,1253,702,725]" class="Chromadorea" family="Heligmonellidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Nematoda" rank="family">Heligmonellidae</taxonomicName>
.
<taxonomicName id="4C444D6BFF90FFD72398FD58FA3CFD59" box="[1269,1463,702,725]" pageId="17" pageNumber="9" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Nippostrongylinae">Nippostrongylinae</taxonomicName>
. Synlophe well developed with 6-7 continuous pointed longitudinal ridges mid body. Buccal capsule relatively well developed, without lips or teeth. Cephalic vesicle present. Bursa dissymmetrical, right lobe larger, dorsal lobe short; pattern of lateral rays 1-4; dorsal ray divided close to distal end. Spicules simple, filiform. Female monodelphic; small number eggs in utero; tail without terminal spike. Parasites of murine rodents indigenous to the island of New
<collectingCountry id="F3537678FF90FFD72361FC54FBD3FC45" box="[1036,1112,946,969]" name="Guinea-Bissau" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Guinea</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
[
<bibRefCitation id="EFD54B19FF90FFD72305FC54FB09FC45" author="Smales LR" box="[1128,1154,946,969]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="183 - 197" refId="ref29907" refString="38. Smales LR. 2016. The gastrointestinal helminths of Rattus niobe (Rodentia: Muridae) with descriptions of two new genera and three new species (Nematoda) from Papua New Guinea and Papua Indonesia. Zootaxa, 4117, 183 - 197." type="journal article" year="2016">38</bibRefCitation>
].
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3.5 Genus
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<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF91FFD62791F8A5FE2CF8D0" bold="true" box="[252,423,1859,1884]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">NUGININEMA</emphasis>
Smales, 2016
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(
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)
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<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF91FFD627F4F89EFE19F81C" bold="true" box="[153,402,1912,1936]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<typeStatus id="54FF884AFF91FFD627F4F89EFF5AF81C" box="[153,209,1912,1936]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Type</typeStatus>
and sole species:
</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF91FFD626F7F89FFDD4F81C" box="[410,607,1913,1936]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Nugininema titokis</emphasis>
Smales, 2016
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.
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<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF91FFD627F4F871FF54F823" bold="true" box="[153,223,1943,1967]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Hosts:</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C444D6BFF91FFD6278AF871FECAF822" box="[231,321,1943,1966]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Muridae</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C444D6BFF91FFD62620F871FE2FF822" authorityName="Illiger" authorityYear="1811" box="[333,420,1943,1966]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Murinae">Murinae</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="4C444D6BFF91FFD626D9F871FD9CF822" authorityName="Bowdich" authorityYear="1821" box="[436,535,1943,1966]" class="Mammalia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="order">Rodentia</taxonomicName>
).
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<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF91FFD627F4F850FE89F842" bold="true" box="[153,258,1974,1998]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Host site:</emphasis>
small intestine.
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<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF91FFD62438FD1EFC6AFC9C" bold="true" box="[853,993,760,784]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Distribution:</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="F3537678FF91FFD62487FD1EFB32FC83" box="[1002,1209,760,783]" name="Papua New Guinea" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Papua New Guinea</collectingCountry>
.
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<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF91FFD62438FCF0FBA7FCA2" bold="true" box="[853,1068,790,814]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Original diagnosis:</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF91FFD62355FCF1FA30FC24" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<taxonomicName id="4C444D6BFF91FFD62355FCF1FB6EFCA2" authorityName="Skrjabin &amp; Schikobalova" authorityYear="1952" box="[1080,1253,791,814]" class="Chromadorea" family="Heligmonellidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Nematoda" rank="family">Heligmonellidae</taxonomicName>
, Nippostrongylinae. Synlophe well developed with 9-10 (anterior body) to 17 (midbody) continuous pointed longitudinal ridges, ventral ridge and adjacent right ventral ridge hypertrophied anteriorly; axis of orientation from right ventral to left dorsal side in anterior
</emphasis>
(sic)
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF91FFD6240DFC56FC5DFC4B" box="[864,982,944,967]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">at about 50</emphasis>
°
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF91FFD6248AFC56FAA1FBAE" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
to sagittal plane, axis subfrontal at mid body. Bursa dissymmetrical, right lobe larger, pattern of rays 1-3-1, dorsal ray divided distally to branching of rays 8. Parasites of murines, Rattini, from the island of New
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[
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].
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3.5.1 Analysis of data and difficulties encountered
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<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF91FFD62404FB8CFBBEFBF2" bold="true" box="[873,1077,1130,1150]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Nugininema titokis</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF91FFD62440FB45FAE3FB3B" bold="true" box="[813,1384,1186,1207]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
3.5.1.1 Synlophe (based on sections from
<specimenCount id="9D42FD61FF91FFD62394FB45FAE3FB3B" box="[1273,1384,1187,1207]" count="2" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="male">two males</specimenCount>
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<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF91FFD62411FB59FBBEFB5F" bold="true" box="[892,1077,1215,1235]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
and
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)
</emphasis>
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<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF91FFD62438FB3DFB26FAE0" blockId="16.[813,1468,1186,1999]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Sections analyzed herein are those within proximal body: male (Fig. 16/5A) and female (Fig. 17/5B), and at midbody: male (Fig. 19/5C) and female (Fig. 20/5D). In all figures, lateral cords illustrated except right lateral cord of section 19/5C; ridges numbered only in Fig. 19/5C.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF91FFD62438FA95FC58FA4B" blockId="16.[813,1468,1186,1999]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
In all sections careen absent. Axis of orientation described as oblique within proximal body and subfrontal at midbody by Smales [
<bibRefCitation id="EFD54B19FF91FFD624C7FA56FC4FFA4B" author="Smales LR" box="[938,964,1456,1479]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" pagination="183 - 197" refId="ref29907" refString="38. Smales LR. 2016. The gastrointestinal helminths of Rattus niobe (Rodentia: Muridae) with descriptions of two new genera and three new species (Nematoda) from Papua New Guinea and Papua Indonesia. Zootaxa, 4117, 183 - 197." type="journal article" year="2016">38</bibRefCitation>
].
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF91FFD62438FA29FC66F956" blockId="16.[813,1468,1186,1999]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF91FFD62438FA29FBC6FA6A" box="[853,1101,1487,1510]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Within proximal body:</emphasis>
in
<figureCitation id="137F2A6DFF91FFD62310FA29FB65FA6A" box="[1149,1262,1487,1510]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="16.[113,180,629,650]" captionTargetBox="[144,1429,238,594]" captionTargetId="figure-644@16.[144,1429,238,594]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Figure 5. Genus Nugininema Smales, 2016. Body sections. A–D. Nugininema titokis Smales, 2016. A, B within proximal body. A male. B female. C, D, at midbody. C male, D female. Abbreviations: co, comarete. Source: A–D redrawn from [38]." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12628854" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12628854/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Figure 5A</figureCitation>
(male), 10 ridges separated into two groups by two gaps, situated on left-dorsal quadrant and on right-ventral quadrant (arrowheads). On ventral side, presence of two large comaretes. Remaining ridges small and subequal in size. Most ridges oriented from right-ventral to left-dorsal quadrant, except: two left dorsal ridges flanking axis of orientation (perpendicular to body surface), and ventral ridge situated left to lesser comarete (oriented from left to right).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF91FFD62438F904FC0AF843" blockId="16.[813,1468,1186,1999]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<figureCitation id="137F2A6DFF91FFD62438F904FC4BF975" box="[853,960,1762,1785]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="16.[113,180,629,650]" captionTargetBox="[144,1429,238,594]" captionTargetId="figure-644@16.[144,1429,238,594]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Figure 5. Genus Nugininema Smales, 2016. Body sections. A–D. Nugininema titokis Smales, 2016. A, B within proximal body. A male. B female. C, D, at midbody. C male, D female. Abbreviations: co, comarete. Source: A–D redrawn from [38]." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12628854" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12628854/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Figure 5B</figureCitation>
(female), 13 ridges of which two large ventral comaretes (in same position than in male section, but smaller). Remaining ridges small and subequal in size and irregularly spaced. Two gaps in the same position than in male section, but smaller (arrowheads). Dorsal ridges and comaretes oriented from right-ventral to left-dorsal quadrant. Remaining ventral ridges show disparate orientation, perpendicular or from left to right.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF90FFD727F4FF09FF63FECF" blockId="17.[113,768,239,384]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF90FFD727F4FF09FEA8FE8A" box="[153,291,239,262]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">At midbody:</emphasis>
in
<figureCitation id="137F2A6DFF90FFD72634FF09FE5CFE8A" box="[345,471,239,262]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="16.[113,180,629,650]" captionTargetBox="[144,1429,238,594]" captionTargetId="figure-644@16.[144,1429,238,594]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Figure 5. Genus Nugininema Smales, 2016. Body sections. A–D. Nugininema titokis Smales, 2016. A, B within proximal body. A male. B female. C, D, at midbody. C male, D female. Abbreviations: co, comarete. Source: A–D redrawn from [38]." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12628854" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12628854/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Figures 5C</figureCitation>
(male) and 5D (female), 15–17 ridges, regularly spaced, small, subequal and oriented disparately.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF90FFD727F4FEACFD54FE0C" blockId="17.[113,768,239,384]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">From the written description, axis of orientation “prefrontal” (sic) at midbody and losing orientation posteriorly.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF90FFD7271CFE51FE5CFE6B" blockId="17.[113,768,439,579]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF90FFD7271CFE51FD31FE47" bold="true" box="[113,698,439,459]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">3.5.1.2 Bursa (number of studied males not specified;</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF90FFD727ADFE35FE5CFE6B" bold="true" box="[192,471,467,487]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
illustrated in [
<bibRefCitation id="EFD54B19FF90FFD7263AFE35FEFBFE6B" author="Smales LR" box="[343,368,467,487]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="183 - 197" refId="ref29907" refString="38. Smales LR. 2016. The gastrointestinal helminths of Rattus niobe (Rodentia: Muridae) with descriptions of two new genera and three new species (Nematoda) from Papua New Guinea and Papua Indonesia. Zootaxa, 4117, 183 - 197." type="journal article" year="2016">38</bibRefCitation>
]: Fig. 26)
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF90FFD727F4FE09FD0EFDCF" blockId="17.[113,768,439,579]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
Figure 26: right lobe, with right ray 8 and right branch of dorsal ray. From description [
<bibRefCitation id="EFD54B19FF90FFD726D9FDEBFE45FDA8" author="Smales LR" box="[436,462,525,548]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="183 - 197" refId="ref29907" refString="38. Smales LR. 2016. The gastrointestinal helminths of Rattus niobe (Rodentia: Muridae) with descriptions of two new genera and three new species (Nematoda) from Papua New Guinea and Papua Indonesia. Zootaxa, 4117, 183 - 197." type="journal article" year="2016">38</bibRefCitation>
], bursa dissymmetrical with right lobe slightly larger and pattern of
<typeStatus id="54FF884AFF90FFD7257FFDCAFDB5FDCF" box="[530,574,556,579]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">type</typeStatus>
1-3-1.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF90FFD7271CFD89FEA9FD08" blockId="17.[113,290,623,644]" box="[113,290,623,644]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF90FFD7271CFD89FEA9FD08" bold="true" box="[113,290,623,644]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">3.5.2 Comments</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF90FFD7271CFD7DFEADFD3C" blockId="17.[113,768,667,1237]" box="[113,294,667,688]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF90FFD7271CFD7DFEADFD3C" bold="true" box="[113,294,667,688]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">3.5.2.1 Synlophe</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF90FFD727F4FD51FF49FB59" blockId="17.[113,768,667,1237]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
Within the proximal body (
<figureCitation id="137F2A6DFF90FFD726D6FD51FDE0FD42" box="[443,619,695,718]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="16.[113,180,629,650]" captionTargetBox="[144,1429,238,594]" captionTargetId="figure-644@16.[144,1429,238,594]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Figure 5. Genus Nugininema Smales, 2016. Body sections. A–D. Nugininema titokis Smales, 2016. A, B within proximal body. A male. B female. C, D, at midbody. C male, D female. Abbreviations: co, comarete. Source: A–D redrawn from [38]." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12628854" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12628854/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Figs. 5A and 5B</figureCitation>
) we interpret, as Smales [
<bibRefCitation id="EFD54B19FF90FFD72785FD30FE89FD61" author="Smales LR" box="[232,258,726,749]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="183 - 197" refId="ref29907" refString="38. Smales LR. 2016. The gastrointestinal helminths of Rattus niobe (Rodentia: Muridae) with descriptions of two new genera and three new species (Nematoda) from Papua New Guinea and Papua Indonesia. Zootaxa, 4117, 183 - 197." type="journal article" year="2016">38</bibRefCitation>
], that the axis of orientation of the ridges is oblique. At midbody (
<figureCitation id="137F2A6DFF90FFD72642FD12FE53FC87" box="[303,472,756,779]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="16.[113,180,629,650]" captionTargetBox="[144,1429,238,594]" captionTargetId="figure-644@16.[144,1429,238,594]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Figure 5. Genus Nugininema Smales, 2016. Body sections. A–D. Nugininema titokis Smales, 2016. A, B within proximal body. A male. B female. C, D, at midbody. C male, D female. Abbreviations: co, comarete. Source: A–D redrawn from [38]." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12628854" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12628854/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Figs. 5C and 5D</figureCitation>
), instead, Smales [
<bibRefCitation id="EFD54B19FF90FFD725F6FD12FD3EFC87" author="Smales LR" box="[667,693,756,779]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="183 - 197" refId="ref29907" refString="38. Smales LR. 2016. The gastrointestinal helminths of Rattus niobe (Rodentia: Muridae) with descriptions of two new genera and three new species (Nematoda) from Papua New Guinea and Papua Indonesia. Zootaxa, 4117, 183 - 197." type="journal article" year="2016">38</bibRefCitation>
] stated that the axis of orientation is “prefrontal” an affirmation that seems to us inaccurate. The disparate orientation of the ridges seems to be due to a misinterpretation, and it is likely that most ridges are oriented perpendicularly to the body surface. This means that there are not two groups of ridges with opposite directions, consequently, there is no axis of orientation of the ridges. It is clear that between the proximal body and the midbody, the number of ridges increased and the comaretes decreased progressively in size up to attain the same size as the other ridges. However, since the level of the “proximal” sections has not been specified and, besides, it is not equivalent in the male and the female, it is not possible to establish either homology of the male and female ridges or the level at which the ridges become subequal and perpendicular to the body surface.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF90FFD7271CFAEBFE8BFAAD" blockId="17.[113,768,1293,1802]" box="[113,256,1293,1313]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF90FFD7271CFAEBFE8BFAAD" bold="true" box="[113,256,1293,1313]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">3.5.2.2 Bursa</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF90FFD727F4FACFFE54FAF1" blockId="17.[113,768,1293,1802]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Without illustration of the left lobe, and the right lobe being folded ventrally, it is difficult to determine the pattern of the rays or the symmetry of the bursa.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF90FFD727F4FA62FDDAF886" blockId="17.[113,768,1293,1802]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
As noted by Smales [
<bibRefCitation id="EFD54B19FF90FFD72619FA62FE05FA17" author="Smales LR" box="[372,398,1412,1435]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="183 - 197" refId="ref29907" refString="38. Smales LR. 2016. The gastrointestinal helminths of Rattus niobe (Rodentia: Muridae) with descriptions of two new genera and three new species (Nematoda) from Papua New Guinea and Papua Indonesia. Zootaxa, 4117, 183 - 197." type="journal article" year="2016">38</bibRefCitation>
] the genus
<taxonomicName id="4C444D6BFF90FFD72568FA63FD08FA10" authorityName="Smales" authorityYear="2016" box="[517,643,1413,1436]" class="Chromadorea" family="Heligmosomidae" genus="Nugininema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF90FFD72568FA63FD08FA10" box="[517,643,1413,1436]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Nugininema</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is related to the genera
<taxonomicName id="4C444D6BFF90FFD72787FA45FE23FA36" authorityName="Smales" authorityYear="2009" box="[234,424,1443,1466]" class="Chromadorea" family="Heligmosomidae" genus="Melomystrongylus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL,GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF90FFD72787FA45FE23FA36" box="[234,424,1443,1466]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Melomystrongylus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C444D6BFF90FFD7268CFA45FDF8FA36" authorityName="Hasegawa &amp; Syafruddin" authorityYear="1994" box="[481,627,1443,1466]" class="Chromadorea" family="Heligmosomidae" genus="Hasanuddinia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF90FFD7268CFA45FDF8FA36" box="[481,627,1443,1466]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Hasanuddinia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by the presence of at least one ventral comarete and an axis of orientation of the ridges oblique within the proximal part of the body. In
<taxonomicName id="4C444D6BFF90FFD7271CFA19FEA4F99A" authorityName="Smales" authorityYear="2009" box="[113,303,1535,1558]" class="Chromadorea" family="Heligmosomidae" genus="Melomystrongylus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL,GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF90FFD7271CFA19FEA4F99A" box="[113,303,1535,1558]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Melomystrongylus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF90FFD7260BFA19FE60F99A" box="[358,491,1535,1558]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<taxonomicName id="4C444D6BFF90FFD7260BFA19FE6CF99A" authorityName="Smales" authorityYear="2016" box="[358,487,1535,1558]" class="Chromadorea" family="Heligmosomidae" genus="Nugininema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">Nugininema</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
the comaretes are present only in the proximal part of the body, whereas in
<taxonomicName id="4C444D6BFF90FFD72500F9FBFD74F9B8" authorityName="Hasegawa &amp; Syafruddin" authorityYear="1994" box="[621,767,1565,1588]" class="Chromadorea" family="Heligmosomidae" genus="Hasanuddinia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF90FFD72500F9FBFD74F9B8" box="[621,767,1565,1588]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Hasanuddinia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
they are present all along the body length. There are two comaretes in
<taxonomicName id="4C444D6BFF90FFD727BCF9BCFEE8F9FD" authorityName="Hasegawa &amp; Syafruddin" authorityYear="1994" box="[209,355,1626,1649]" class="Chromadorea" family="Heligmosomidae" genus="Hasanuddinia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF90FFD727BCF9BCFEE8F9FD" box="[209,355,1626,1649]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Hasanuddinia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C444D6BFF90FFD726C1F9BCFDA1F9FD" authorityName="Smales" authorityYear="2016" box="[428,554,1626,1649]" class="Chromadorea" family="Heligmosomidae" genus="Nugininema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF90FFD726C1F9BCFDA1F9FD" box="[428,554,1626,1649]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Nugininema</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and only one in
<taxonomicName id="4C444D6BFF90FFD7271CF99FFEA5F91C" authorityName="Smales" authorityYear="2009" box="[113,302,1657,1680]" class="Chromadorea" family="Heligmosomidae" genus="Melomystrongylus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL,GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF90FFD7271CF99FFEA5F91C" box="[113,302,1657,1680]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Melomystrongylus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
<taxonomicName id="4C444D6BFF90FFD72629F99FFE49F91C" authorityName="Smales" authorityYear="2016" box="[324,450,1657,1680]" class="Chromadorea" family="Heligmosomidae" genus="Nugininema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF90FFD72629F99FFE49F91C" box="[324,450,1657,1680]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Nugininema</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
also differs from
<taxonomicName id="4C444D6BFF90FFD725F7F99FFF59F923" authorityName="Smales" authorityYear="2009" class="Chromadorea" family="Heligmosomidae" genus="Melomystrongylus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL,GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF90FFD725F7F99FFF59F923" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Melomystrongylus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C444D6BFF90FFD72660F97EFE14F923" authorityName="Hasegawa &amp; Syafruddin" authorityYear="1994" box="[269,415,1688,1711]" class="Chromadorea" family="Heligmosomidae" genus="Hasanuddinia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF90FFD72660F97EFE14F923" box="[269,415,1688,1711]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Hasanuddinia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by the fact that in the proximal body all dorsal ridges are small and subequal, whereas in the other two genera, the ridges associated with the right lateral cord (one or two ridges) are more developed.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF90FFD7271CF8C8FEA2F8CF" blockId="17.[113,297,1838,1859]" box="[113,297,1838,1859]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF90FFD7271CF8C8FEA2F8CF" bold="true" box="[113,297,1838,1859]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">3.5.3 Conclusion</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF90FFD727F4F881FE3AF874" blockId="17.[113,768,1895,2040]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
Concerning the synlophe,
<taxonomicName id="4C444D6BFF90FFD726C5F881FDADF8F2" authorityName="Smales" authorityYear="2016" box="[424,550,1895,1918]" class="Chromadorea" family="Heligmosomidae" genus="Nugininema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF90FFD726C5F881FDADF8F2" box="[424,550,1895,1918]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Nugininema</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be differentiated unambiguously from the related genera. We thus consider
<taxonomicName id="4C444D6BFF90FFD7271CF842FF64F837" authorityName="Smales" authorityYear="2016" box="[113,239,1956,1979]" class="Chromadorea" family="Heligmosomidae" genus="Nugininema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF90FFD7271CF842FF64F837" box="[113,239,1956,1979]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Nugininema</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
a valid genus. However, it would be necessary to describe and illustrate accurately the bursa to provide a proper definition of the genus.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C35E6563FF90FFD72440FF08FB50FE5A" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF90FFD72440FF08FBCBFE8E" blockId="17.[813,1088,239,258]" box="[813,1088,238,258]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF90FFD72440FF08FBCBFE8E" bold="true" box="[813,1088,238,258]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">3.5.4 Emended diagnosis</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF90FFD72438FEC1FB50FE5A" blockId="17.[813,1467,294,470]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<taxonomicName id="4C444D6BFF90FFD72438FEC1FC58FEB2" authorityName="Smales" authorityYear="2016" box="[853,979,295,318]" class="Chromadorea" family="Heligmosomidae" genus="Nugininema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF90FFD72438FEC1FC58FEB2" box="[853,979,295,318]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Nugininema</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: Synlophe without careen. Within proximal part of body, presence of two ventral comaretes and two gaps: right-ventral and left-dorsal; remaining ridges small and subequal; axis of orientation of ridges oblique. At midbody, 15–17 ridges regularly spaced, small and subequal; ridges oriented perpendicularly to body surface.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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3.7.1.1
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(
<figureCitation id="137F2A6DFF92FFD523F0FAB0FAABFAE6" box="[1181,1312,1366,1386]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="19.[113,180,982,1003]" captionTargetBox="[161,1435,239,961]" captionTargetId="figure-500@19.[151,1436,238,961]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Figure 7. Genus Parvinema Smales, 2017. Midbody sections. A, B Parvinema bafunminense Smales, 2017. A male, B, B’ female. C, C’ Parvinema helgeni Smales, 2017, male. Source: A–C redrawn from [40]. B’, C’ modified figures with respect to the original: B’ numbering of ridges added. C’ reversed on its frontal axis, then rotated 30° clockwise." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12628860" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12628860/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Figs. 7A, 7B</figureCitation>
)
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<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF92FFD52440FA61FC05FA34" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">3.7.1.1.1 Synlophe (Based on sections from six worms, sex not specified).</emphasis>
Sections analyzed herein are at midbody: male (Fig. 18/7A) and female (Fig. 17/7B); lateral cords not illustrated; ridges numbered in Figure 18/7A.
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In all sections, careen absent and axis of orientation of ridges described as oblique in [
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].
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<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF92FFD52438F9DCFBCCF82D" blockId="19.[813,1467,1415,2045]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<figureCitation id="137F2A6DFF92FFD52438F9DCFC49F9DD" box="[853,962,1594,1617]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="19.[113,180,982,1003]" captionTargetBox="[161,1435,239,961]" captionTargetId="figure-500@19.[151,1436,238,961]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Figure 7. Genus Parvinema Smales, 2017. Midbody sections. A, B Parvinema bafunminense Smales, 2017. A male, B, B’ female. C, C’ Parvinema helgeni Smales, 2017, male. Source: A–C redrawn from [40]. B’, C’ modified figures with respect to the original: B’ numbering of ridges added. C’ reversed on its frontal axis, then rotated 30° clockwise." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12628860" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12628860/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Figure 7A</figureCitation>
(male): dilatation of cuticle, evoking a careen, illustrated on left side; 16 ridges and two small gaps: one on right-ventral quadrant between ridges 9 and 7’, second one on left-ventral quadrant between ridges 3’ and 2’ (arrowheads); dorsal ridges regularly spaced and similar in size, except ridges 1 and 2, larger; ventral ridges regularly spaced, mid- ventral ones small (5’-3’) and right-ventral ones large (7’, 6’). Despite absence of illustration of lateral cords, tips of ridges oriented from right to left on both sides (dorsal and ventral) with ridge tips 1’ and 1 convergent (curved arrows on the left) and ridges 9 and 7’ divergent (curved arrows on the right), determining an axis of orientation oblique.
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<figureCitation id="137F2A6DFF92FFD52438F84EFC4BF833" box="[853,960,1960,1983]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="19.[113,180,982,1003]" captionTargetBox="[161,1435,239,961]" captionTargetId="figure-500@19.[151,1436,238,961]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Figure 7. Genus Parvinema Smales, 2017. Midbody sections. A, B Parvinema bafunminense Smales, 2017. A male, B, B’ female. C, C’ Parvinema helgeni Smales, 2017, male. Source: A–C redrawn from [40]. B’, C’ modified figures with respect to the original: B’ numbering of ridges added. C’ reversed on its frontal axis, then rotated 30° clockwise." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12628860" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12628860/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Figure 7B</figureCitation>
(female): left ridge very large, strongly curved (inner curvature downwards); 16 ridges and a large gap on left-ventral quadrant (arrowhead); dorsal ridges irregularly spaced and dissimilar in size, median ones being shortest; ventral ridges mainly right-ventral, regularly spaced and large. On mid-right side, pair of divergent tips present and, immediately ventral, another pair of divergent ridges (curved arrows); dorsal and ventral ridges oriented from right to left.
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3.7.1.1.2 Bursa (number of worms studied not specified, illustrated in [
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]: Figs. 21, 25 and 26).
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Figure 21: distal part of dorsal ray and rays 8, orientation not specified. Figure 25: left lateral lobe, orientation not specified, only rays 3-6 illustrated, no link with left ray 8. Figure 26: right lateral lobe, orientation not specified, right ray 8 also illustrated. From the written description: bursa dissymmetrical with left lobe larger and pattern of
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1-3-1.
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3.7 Genus
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Smales, 2017
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="137F2A6DFF92FFD52533F95AFD2DF959" box="[606,678,1724,1749]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="19.[113,180,982,1003]" captionTargetBox="[161,1435,239,961]" captionTargetId="figure-500@19.[151,1436,238,961]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Figure 7. Genus Parvinema Smales, 2017. Midbody sections. A, B Parvinema bafunminense Smales, 2017. A male, B, B’ female. C, C’ Parvinema helgeni Smales, 2017, male. Source: A–C redrawn from [40]. B’, C’ modified figures with respect to the original: B’ numbering of ridges added. C’ reversed on its frontal axis, then rotated 30° clockwise." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12628860" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12628860/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C35E6563FF92FFD527F4F914FD50F885" box="[153,731,1778,1802]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="type_taxon">
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF92FFD527F4F914FD50F885" blockId="19.[113,768,1778,2046]" box="[153,731,1778,1802]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF92FFD527F4F914FEA5F886" bold="true" box="[153,302,1778,1802]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<typeStatus id="54FF884AFF92FFD527F4F914FF5AF886" box="[153,209,1778,1802]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Type</typeStatus>
species:
</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C444D6BFF92FFD5265BF914FD5DF885" authority="Smales, 2017" authorityName="Smales" authorityYear="2017" box="[310,726,1778,1801]" class="Chromadorea" family="Heligmosomidae" genus="Parvinema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="bafunminense">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF92FFD5265BF914FDB5F885" box="[310,574,1778,1801]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Parvinema bafunminense</emphasis>
Smales, 2017
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C35E6563FF92FFD527F4F8F6FE23F8CA" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF92FFD527F4F8F6FD25F8A4" blockId="19.[113,768,1778,2046]" box="[153,686,1808,1832]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF92FFD527F4F8F6FF54F8A4" bold="true" box="[153,223,1808,1832]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Hosts:</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C444D6BFF92FFD5278AF8F7FECAF8A4" box="[231,321,1809,1832]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Muridae</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C444D6BFF92FFD52620F8F7FE2CF8A4" authorityName="Illiger" authorityYear="1811" box="[333,423,1809,1832]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Murinae">Murinae</taxonomicName>
, Hydromyini (
<taxonomicName id="4C444D6BFF92FFD5252DF8F7FD29F8A4" authorityName="Bowdich" authorityYear="1821" box="[576,674,1809,1832]" class="Mammalia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Chordata" rank="order">Rodentia</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF92FFD527F4F8C9FE23F8CA" blockId="19.[113,768,1778,2046]" box="[153,424,1839,1863]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF92FFD527F4F8C9FE89F8CB" bold="true" box="[153,258,1839,1863]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Host site:</emphasis>
small intestine.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C35E6563FF92FFD527F4F8A8FD89F8E9" box="[153,514,1870,1894]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF92FFD527F4F8A8FD89F8E9" blockId="19.[113,768,1778,2046]" box="[153,514,1870,1894]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF92FFD527F4F8A8FEADF8EA" bold="true" box="[153,294,1870,1894]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Distribution:</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="F3537678FF92FFD52642F8A8FE75F8E9" box="[303,510,1870,1893]" name="Papua New Guinea" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Papua New Guinea</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C35E6563FF92FFD527F4F88AFD1CF82E" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="taxon_list">
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF92FFD527F4F88AFD1CF82E" blockId="19.[113,768,1778,2046]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF92FFD527F4F88AFEB1F808" bold="true" box="[153,314,1900,1924]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Other species:</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C444D6BFF92FFD52628F88BFD2CF80F" authority="Smales, 2017" authorityName="Smales" authorityYear="2017" box="[325,679,1900,1924]" class="Chromadorea" family="Heligmosomidae" genus="Parvinema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="helgeni">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF92FFD52628F88BFD86F808" box="[325,525,1901,1924]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Parvinema helgeni</emphasis>
Smales, 2017
</taxonomicName>
coparasitic with the
<typeStatus id="54FF884AFF92FFD5266FF86DFEA4F82E" box="[258,303,1931,1954]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">type</typeStatus>
species in
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF92FFD526CBF86DFD1CF82E" box="[422,663,1931,1954]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<taxonomicName id="4C444D6BFF92FFD526CBF86DFD1FF82E" baseAuthorityName="Jentink" baseAuthorityYear="1908" box="[422,660,1931,1954]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Paramelomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lorentzii">Paramelomys lorentzii</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C35E6563FF92FFD527F4F84FFC62FB60" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF92FFD527F4F84FFC62FB60" blockId="19.[113,768,1778,2046]" lastBlockId="19.[813,1467,1115,1260]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF92FFD527F4F84FFEE1F84D" bold="true" box="[153,362,1961,1985]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Original diagnosis:</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C444D6BFF92FFD5261DF84CFE6AF84D" authorityName="Durette-Desset &amp; Digiani" authorityYear="2023" box="[368,481,1962,1985]" class="Chromadorea" family="Heligmosomidae" genus="Parvinema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF92FFD5261DF84CFE6AF84D" box="[368,481,1962,1985]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Parvinema</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2035781FF92FFD52685F84CFDC2F84D" box="[488,585,1962,1985]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" rank="genus">gen. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
<taxonomicName id="4C444D6BFF92FFD52522F84CFD72F84D" authorityName="Skrjabin &amp; Schikobalova" authorityYear="1952" box="[591,761,1962,1985]" class="Chromadorea" family="Heligmonellidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Nematoda" rank="family">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF92FFD52522F84CFD72F84D" box="[591,761,1962,1985]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Heligmonellidae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF92FFD5271CF82EFD74F872" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<taxonomicName id="4C444D6BFF92FFD5271CF82EFEB8F853" box="[113,307,1992,2015]" pageId="19" pageNumber="9" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Nippostrongylinae">Nippostrongylinae</taxonomicName>
. Synlophe well developed with 15-17 continuous ridges mid body. Carene (sic) present. Left lateral ridges
</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF92FFD52440FBBDFC24FB60" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
largest, larger than right ridges. Axis of orientation from right ventral to left dorsal. Bursa dissymmetrical, left lobe larger, pattern of bursal rays 1-3-1. Dorsal ray divided distally to branching of rays 8. Parasites of murines. Hydromyini, from New
<collectingCountry id="F3537678FF92FFD5240EFB33FC24FB60" box="[867,943,1237,1260]" name="Guinea-Bissau" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Guinea</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
[
<bibRefCitation id="EFD54B19FF92FFD524ADFB33FC51FB60" author="Smales LR" box="[960,986,1237,1260]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="762 - 771" refId="ref29998" refString="40. Smales LR. 2017. The gastrointestinal nematodes of Paramelomys lorentzii and Mammelomys spp. (Rodentia: Muridae) with descriptions of a new genus and three new species (Heligmonellidae) from Papua New Guinea and Indonesia. Acta Parasitologica, 62, 762 - 771." type="journal article" year="2017">40</bibRefCitation>
].
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
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<mods:title id="F2156F4E95C56F5C8373AA8BDFBCB42D">Revision of the genera of Heligmonellidae (Nematoda, Heligmosomoidea), parasitic in Muridae from New Guinea</mods:title>
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<subSubSection id="C35E6563FF94FFD3271CFABEFE3EFA04" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF94FFD3271CFABEFE3EFA04" blockId="21.[113,660,1368,1416]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF94FFD3271CFABEFE3EFA04" bold="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
3.8.1 Analysis of data and difficulties encountered
<taxonomicName id="4C444D6BFF94FFD327C3FA92FE3EFA04" ID-CoL="9C9RK" authority="Smales, 2018" authorityName="Smales" authorityYear="2018" box="[174,437,1396,1416]" class="Chromadorea" family="Heligmosomidae" genus="Missimstrongylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="oweni">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF94FFD327C3FA92FE3EFA04" bold="true" box="[174,437,1396,1416]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Missimstrongylus oweni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
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<subSubSection id="C35E6563FF94FFD0271CFA4AFD84FC58" lastPageId="22" lastPageNumber="23" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF94FFD3271CFA4AFD62FA4C" blockId="21.[113,768,1452,1809]" box="[113,745,1452,1473]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF94FFD3271CFA4AFD62FA4C" bold="true" box="[113,745,1452,1473]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">3.8.1.1 Synlophe (number of worms studied not specified)</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF94FFD327F4FA2EFDDEFA72" blockId="21.[113,768,1452,1809]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
Section analyzed herein is at midbody, male (
<figureCitation id="137F2A6DFF94FFD325E7FA2EFD41FA53" box="[650,714,1480,1503]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="7.[113,180,1808,1829]" captionTargetBox="[227,1361,238,1765]" captionTargetId="figure-1@7.[227,1361,238,1765]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 2. Genus Mawsonema Smales &amp; Heinrich, 2010. Body sections. A–F’ Mawsonema mokwanense Smales &amp; Heinrich, 2010. A, A’ within proximal body, male. B, C at midbody. B male, C female. D, E within distal body. D male, E female. F, F’ within proximal body, female. A–E synlophe of type I. F, F’ synlophe of type II. Source: A–F redrawn from [45]. A’, F’ modified figures: reversed on their frontal axes with respect to the originals. F’ axis of orientation reinterpreted as subfrontal." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12628846" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12628846/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
/8A). Lateral cords not illustrated; ridges numbered.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF94FFD327F4F9E3FE54F89D" blockId="21.[113,768,1452,1809]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
Careen absent. Fourteen ridges small, except ventral ridge 5’ medium sized, and ridges 8’-6’ minute. Two small gaps (arrowheads) on left-ventral left side between ridges 5’ and 4’ and on right-right ventral side between ridges 5 and 9’. Tips of ridges 1’ and 1 divergent (curved arrows). Ridges 1’ to 4’ oriented from dorsal to ventral, ridges 1 to 5 oriented from left to right, ridge 5’ oriented from right to left, remaining ventral ridges, oriented perpendicularly to body surface. Axis of orientation described as oblique in [
<bibRefCitation id="EFD54B19FF94FFD326DAF91CFE5AF89D" author="Smales LR" box="[439,465,1786,1809]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" pagination="1 - 13" refId="ref30049" refString="41. Smales LR. 2018. The gastrointestinal helminths of Rattus verucundus (sic) (Rodentia: Muridae) with the description of a new species (Heligmonellidae: Nematoda) from Papua New Guinea and a comment on the Rictulariidae (Nematoda) from the Sahul region. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Australia, 142, 1 - 13." type="journal article" year="2018">41</bibRefCitation>
].
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF94FFD3271CF8B5FD90F80F" blockId="21.[113,768,1875,2045]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF94FFD3271CF8B5FD48F8EB" bold="true" box="[113,707,1875,1895]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">3.8.1.2 Bursa (number of worms studied not specified;</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF94FFD327ADF889FD90F80F" bold="true" box="[192,539,1903,1923]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
illustrated in [
<bibRefCitation id="EFD54B19FF94FFD3263AF889FEFBF80F" author="Smales LR" box="[343,368,1903,1923]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" pagination="1 - 13" refId="ref30049" refString="41. Smales LR. 2018. The gastrointestinal helminths of Rattus verucundus (sic) (Rodentia: Muridae) with the description of a new species (Heligmonellidae: Nematoda) from Papua New Guinea and a comment on the Rictulariidae (Nematoda) from the Sahul region. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Australia, 142, 1 - 13." type="journal article" year="2018">41</bibRefCitation>
]:
<figureCitation id="137F2A6DFF94FFD326EAF889FE44F80F" box="[391,463,1903,1923]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="15.[113,180,893,914]" captionTargetBox="[144,1429,238,855]" captionTargetId="figure-585@15.[144,1430,238,855]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Figure 4. Genus Pogonomystrongylus Smales, 2014. Body sections. A–D’ Pogonomystrongylus domaensis Smales, 2014. A–B’ within proximal body. A, A’ male, B, B’ female. C–D’ at midbody. C, C’ male, D, D’ female. Source: A–D redrawn from [36]. A’–D’, modified figures: A’–C’ reversed on their frontal axes with respect to the originals, then slightly rotated clockwise. D’ rotated 45° clockwise." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12628852" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12628852/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Figs. 4</figureCitation>
and
<figureCitation id="137F2A6DFF94FFD3256AF889FD98F80F" box="[519,531,1903,1923]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="19.[113,180,982,1003]" captionTargetBox="[161,1435,239,961]" captionTargetId="figure-500@19.[151,1436,238,961]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Figure 7. Genus Parvinema Smales, 2017. Midbody sections. A, B Parvinema bafunminense Smales, 2017. A male, B, B’ female. C, C’ Parvinema helgeni Smales, 2017, male. Source: A–C redrawn from [40]. B’, C’ modified figures with respect to the original: B’ numbering of ridges added. C’ reversed on its frontal axis, then rotated 30° clockwise." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12628860" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12628860/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">7</figureCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF94FFD327F4F86DFB4FFA02" blockId="21.[113,768,1875,2045]" lastBlockId="21.[813,1466,1369,1422]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<figureCitation id="137F2A6DFF94FFD327F4F86DFF7FF82E" box="[153,244,1931,1954]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="15.[113,180,893,914]" captionTargetBox="[144,1429,238,855]" captionTargetId="figure-585@15.[144,1430,238,855]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Figure 4. Genus Pogonomystrongylus Smales, 2014. Body sections. A–D’ Pogonomystrongylus domaensis Smales, 2014. A–B’ within proximal body. A, A’ male, B, B’ female. C–D’ at midbody. C, C’ male, D, D’ female. Source: A–D redrawn from [36]. A’–D’, modified figures: A’–C’ reversed on their frontal axes with respect to the originals, then slightly rotated clockwise. D’ rotated 45° clockwise." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12628852" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12628852/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Figure 4</figureCitation>
, “left lateral view”, orientation not specified, rays 2-9 illustrated but no link between rays 6 and 8.
<figureCitation id="137F2A6DFF94FFD3250CF84FFD32F84C" box="[609,697,1961,1984]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="19.[113,180,982,1003]" captionTargetBox="[161,1435,239,961]" captionTargetId="figure-500@19.[151,1436,238,961]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Figure 7. Genus Parvinema Smales, 2017. Midbody sections. A, B Parvinema bafunminense Smales, 2017. A male, B, B’ female. C, C’ Parvinema helgeni Smales, 2017, male. Source: A–C redrawn from [40]. B’, C’ modified figures with respect to the original: B’ numbering of ridges added. C’ reversed on its frontal axis, then rotated 30° clockwise." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12628860" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12628860/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Figure 7</figureCitation>
, “right lateral view”, orientation not specified, only lateral and ventral rays illustrated. From diagnosis [
<bibRefCitation id="EFD54B19FF94FFD326AFF800FE57F871" author="Smales LR" box="[450,476,2022,2045]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" pagination="1 - 13" refId="ref30049" refString="41. Smales LR. 2018. The gastrointestinal helminths of Rattus verucundus (sic) (Rodentia: Muridae) with the description of a new species (Heligmonellidae: Nematoda) from Papua New Guinea and a comment on the Rictulariidae (Nematoda) from the Sahul region. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Australia, 142, 1 - 13." type="journal article" year="2018">41</bibRefCitation>
]: bursa dissymmetrical with right lobe larger and pattern of
<typeStatus id="54FF884AFF94FFD323E4FABFFB3EFAFC" box="[1161,1205,1369,1392]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">type</typeStatus>
1-3-1; from the written description, bursa with left lobe larger.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF94FFD32440FA51FC56FA47" blockId="21.[813,989,1462,1483]" box="[813,989,1462,1483]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF94FFD32440FA51FC56FA47" bold="true" box="[813,989,1462,1483]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">3.8.2 Comments</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF94FFD32440FA04FC69FA7B" blockId="21.[813,1467,1506,2046]" box="[813,994,1506,1527]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF94FFD32440FA04FC69FA7B" bold="true" box="[813,994,1506,1527]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">3.8.2.1 Synlophe</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF94FFD32438FA18FAF2F9B8" blockId="21.[813,1467,1506,2046]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
The ridge arrangement illustrated in [
<bibRefCitation id="EFD54B19FF94FFD323BCFA18FB60F999" author="Smales LR" box="[1233,1259,1534,1557]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" pagination="1 - 13" refId="ref30049" refString="41. Smales LR. 2018. The gastrointestinal helminths of Rattus verucundus (sic) (Rodentia: Muridae) with the description of a new species (Heligmonellidae: Nematoda) from Papua New Guinea and a comment on the Rictulariidae (Nematoda) from the Sahul region. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Australia, 142, 1 - 13." type="journal article" year="2018">41</bibRefCitation>
] does not match the usual orientation of the ridges in the
<taxonomicName id="4C444D6BFF94FFD323DEF9FBFAFEF9B8" box="[1203,1397,1565,1588]" pageId="21" pageNumber="9" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Nippostrongylinae">Nippostrongylinae</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF94FFD32438F9DDFAF1F872" blockId="21.[813,1467,1506,2046]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
If the section is turned 90° clockwise (
<figureCitation id="137F2A6DFF94FFD3238EF9DDFAB0F9DF" box="[1251,1339,1595,1619]" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="21.[113,180,1241,1262]" captionTargetBox="[151,1437,238,1211]" captionTargetId="figure-399@21.[151,1437,238,1211]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Figure 8. Genus Missimstrongylus Smales, 2018. A-A” Missimstrongylus oweni Smales, 2018, section at midbody, male. Source: A redrawn from [41]. A’, A” modified figures: A’ rotated 90° clockwise with respect to the original, A” further reversion of A’ on its frontal axis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12628862" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12628862/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Fig. 8A’</figureCitation>
), the largest ridge is placed on the left (a common arrangement in the
<taxonomicName id="4C444D6BFF94FFD32440F99EFC7BF903" box="[813,1008,1656,1679]" pageId="21" pageNumber="9" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Nippostrongylinae">Nippostrongylinae</taxonomicName>
). But, in doing so the divergent ridge tips are situated in the right dorsal-quadrant (never found in the
<taxonomicName id="4C444D6BFF94FFD32440F950FC7BF941" box="[813,1008,1718,1741]" pageId="21" pageNumber="9" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Nippostrongylinae">Nippostrongylinae</taxonomicName>
). A further reversion of the section on its frontal axis (
<figureCitation id="137F2A6DFF94FFD324D8F932FB8CF967" box="[949,1031,1748,1771]" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="21.[113,180,1241,1262]" captionTargetBox="[151,1437,238,1211]" captionTargetId="figure-399@21.[151,1437,238,1211]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Figure 8. Genus Missimstrongylus Smales, 2018. A-A” Missimstrongylus oweni Smales, 2018, section at midbody, male. Source: A redrawn from [41]. A’, A” modified figures: A’ rotated 90° clockwise with respect to the original, A” further reversion of A’ on its frontal axis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12628862" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12628862/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Fig. 8A</figureCitation>
”) keeps the largest ridge on the left and places the divergent ridges in the right-ventral quadrant. However, in doing so, the dorsal ridges become oriented rather anarchically (right-dorsal ones from left to right and left-dorsal ones perpendicular) and the largest ridge on the left is pointing to the ventral side, an orientation never found in the
<taxonomicName id="4C444D6BFF94FFD32440F86DFC64F82E" box="[813,1007,1931,1954]" pageId="21" pageNumber="9" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Nippostrongylinae">Nippostrongylinae</taxonomicName>
. This synlophe does not actually match any other in the subfamily and no manipulation of the section (rotation and/or reversion) will make the synlophe to match the usual orientation observed in the
<taxonomicName id="4C444D6BFF94FFD323D9F801FAFDF872" box="[1204,1398,2023,2046]" pageId="21" pageNumber="9" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Nippostrongylinae">Nippostrongylinae</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF97FFD0271CFF08FE8BFE8E" blockId="22.[113,768,238,625]" box="[113,256,238,258]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF97FFD0271CFF08FE8BFE8E" bold="true" box="[113,256,238,258]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">3.8.2.2 Bursa</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF97FFD027F4FEECFF61FDFD" blockId="22.[113,768,238,625]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
The expressions “left lateral view” or “right lateral view” concerning the bursa are ambiguous since they may actually refer to either lateral lobe (left or right) on either of their two surfaces (dorsal or ventral). Anyway, we assume that Smales [
<bibRefCitation id="EFD54B19FF97FFD02717FE62FF1FFE17" author="Smales LR" box="[122,148,388,411]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="1 - 13" refId="ref30049" refString="41. Smales LR. 2018. The gastrointestinal helminths of Rattus verucundus (sic) (Rodentia: Muridae) with the description of a new species (Heligmonellidae: Nematoda) from Papua New Guinea and a comment on the Rictulariidae (Nematoda) from the Sahul region. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Australia, 142, 1 - 13." type="journal article" year="2018">41</bibRefCitation>
] intended to illustrate the left lobe in
<figureCitation id="137F2A6DFF97FFD02570FE62FDFFFE17" box="[541,628,388,411]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="15.[113,180,893,914]" captionTargetBox="[144,1429,238,855]" captionTargetId="figure-585@15.[144,1430,238,855]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Figure 4. Genus Pogonomystrongylus Smales, 2014. Body sections. A–D’ Pogonomystrongylus domaensis Smales, 2014. A–B’ within proximal body. A, A’ male, B, B’ female. C–D’ at midbody. C, C’ male, D, D’ female. Source: A–D redrawn from [36]. A’–D’, modified figures: A’–C’ reversed on their frontal axes with respect to the originals, then slightly rotated clockwise. D’ rotated 45° clockwise." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12628852" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12628852/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Figure 4</figureCitation>
and the right lobe in
<figureCitation id="137F2A6DFF97FFD027A9FE45FE96FE36" box="[196,285,419,442]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="19.[113,180,982,1003]" captionTargetBox="[161,1435,239,961]" captionTargetId="figure-500@19.[151,1436,238,961]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Figure 7. Genus Parvinema Smales, 2017. Midbody sections. A, B Parvinema bafunminense Smales, 2017. A male, B, B’ female. C, C’ Parvinema helgeni Smales, 2017, male. Source: A–C redrawn from [40]. B’, C’ modified figures with respect to the original: B’ numbering of ridges added. C’ reversed on its frontal axis, then rotated 30° clockwise." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12628860" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12628860/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Figure 7</figureCitation>
. The right lobe is clearly longer than the left lobe. Judging from
<figureCitation id="137F2A6DFF97FFD02626FE27FE2DFE54" box="[331,422,449,472]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="19.[113,180,982,1003]" captionTargetBox="[161,1435,239,961]" captionTargetId="figure-500@19.[151,1436,238,961]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Figure 7. Genus Parvinema Smales, 2017. Midbody sections. A, B Parvinema bafunminense Smales, 2017. A male, B, B’ female. C, C’ Parvinema helgeni Smales, 2017, male. Source: A–C redrawn from [40]. B’, C’ modified figures with respect to the original: B’ numbering of ridges added. C’ reversed on its frontal axis, then rotated 30° clockwise." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12628860" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12628860/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Figure 7</figureCitation>
, the left and right lobes are in dorsal view. The pattern is 1-4 for both lobes; right lobe with ray 3 diverging at same level as ray 6, rays 4 and 5 parallel and joined to their extremities; left lobe with ray 3 diverging proximally to ray 6, rays 4-6 parallel and joined to their extremities.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF97FFD0271CFD76FEA2FD28" blockId="22.[113,297,655,676]" box="[113,297,655,676]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF97FFD0271CFD76FEA2FD28" bold="true" box="[113,297,655,676]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">3.8.3 Conclusion</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF97FFD027F4FD2EFD84FC58" blockId="22.[113,768,712,980]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
In her
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF97FFD0279CFD2FFEC0FD6C" box="[241,331,713,736]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Remarks</emphasis>
, Smales [
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] relates
<taxonomicName id="4C444D6BFF97FFD02526FD2FFD74FD6C" authorityName="Smales" authorityYear="2018" box="[587,767,713,736]" class="Chromadorea" family="Heligmosomidae" genus="Missimstrongylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF97FFD02526FD2FFD74FD6C" box="[587,767,713,736]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Missimstrongylus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
to
<taxonomicName id="4C444D6BFF97FFD027C9FD01FEBDFD72" authorityName="Hasegawa &amp; Syafruddin" authorityYear="1994" box="[164,310,743,766]" class="Chromadorea" family="Heligmosomidae" genus="Hasanuddinia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF97FFD027C9FD01FEBDFD72" box="[164,310,743,766]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Hasanuddinia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C444D6BFF97FFD02636FD01FD93FD72" authorityName="Smales" authorityYear="2009" box="[347,536,743,766]" class="Chromadorea" family="Heligmosomidae" genus="Melomystrongylus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL,GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF97FFD02636FD01FD93FD72" box="[347,536,743,766]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Melomystrongylus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C444D6BFF97FFD02550FD01FD30FD72" authorityName="Smales" authorityYear="2016" box="[573,699,743,766]" class="Chromadorea" family="Heligmosomidae" genus="Nugininema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF97FFD02550FD01FD30FD72" box="[573,699,743,766]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Nugininema</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C444D6BFF97FFD0271CFCE0FE93FC91" authorityName="Smales &amp; Heinrich" authorityYear="2010" box="[113,280,774,797]" class="Chromadorea" family="Heligmosomidae" genus="Montistrongylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF97FFD0271CFCE0FE93FC91" box="[113,280,774,797]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Montistrongylus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, all of which have synlophes with large ventral ridges. However, the data provided in the description of the
<typeStatus id="54FF884AFF97FFD025BEFCC2FC8BFCB7" box="[723,768,804,827]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">type</typeStatus>
species of
<taxonomicName id="4C444D6BFF97FFD0278BFCA5FE10FCD6" authorityName="Smales" authorityYear="2018" box="[230,411,835,858]" class="Chromadorea" family="Heligmosomidae" genus="Missimstrongylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF97FFD0278BFCA5FE10FCD6" box="[230,411,835,858]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Missimstrongylus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are insufficient to assert that the most developed ridge is indeed ventral in position. It could be also the left ridge. Under these conditions,
<taxonomicName id="4C444D6BFF97FFD02526FC66FF24FC3A" authorityName="Smales" authorityYear="2018" class="Chromadorea" family="Heligmosomidae" genus="Missimstrongylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="oweni">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF97FFD02526FC66FF24FC3A" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Missimstrongylus oweni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is considered a
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF97FFD02604FC79FDA4FC3A" box="[361,559,927,950]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">species inquirenda</emphasis>
and, consequently,
<taxonomicName id="4C444D6BFF97FFD0271CFC5BFEAEFC58" authorityName="Smales" authorityYear="2018" box="[113,293,957,980]" class="Chromadorea" family="Heligmosomidae" genus="Missimstrongylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF97FFD0271CFC5BFEAEFC58" box="[113,293,957,980]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Missimstrongylus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
a
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF97FFD0262CFC5BFD83FC58" box="[321,520,957,980]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">genus inquirendum</emphasis>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
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<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF95FFD22440F9A5FA0BF9D0" bold="true" box="[813,1408,1603,1628]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
3.8 Genus
<taxonomicName id="4C444D6BFF95FFD224DAF9A5FA0BF9D0" ID-CoL="9C8PT" authority="Smales, 2018" authorityName="Smales" authorityYear="2018" box="[951,1408,1603,1628]" class="Chromadorea" family="Heligmosomidae" genus="Missimstrongylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF95FFD224DAF9A5FB44F9D0" bold="true" box="[951,1231,1603,1628]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">MISSIMSTRONGYLUS</emphasis>
Smales, 2018
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<heading id="D0B38184FF95FFD22431F985FC3EF9F0" bold="true" box="[860,949,1635,1660]" fontSize="10" level="1" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF95FFD22431F985FC3EF9F0" bold="true" box="[860,949,1635,1660]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
(
<figureCitation id="137F2A6DFF95FFD22409F985FC27F9F0" box="[868,940,1635,1660]" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="21.[113,180,1241,1262]" captionTargetBox="[151,1437,238,1211]" captionTargetId="figure-399@21.[151,1437,238,1211]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Figure 8. Genus Missimstrongylus Smales, 2018. A-A” Missimstrongylus oweni Smales, 2018, section at midbody, male. Source: A redrawn from [41]. A’, A” modified figures: A’ rotated 90° clockwise with respect to the original, A” further reversion of A’ on its frontal axis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12628862" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12628862/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
)
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</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
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<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF95FFD22438F97FFA03F93C" blockId="20.[813,1467,1689,2018]" box="[853,1416,1689,1713]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF95FFD22438F97FFC6BF93D" bold="true" box="[853,992,1689,1713]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
<typeStatus id="54FF884AFF95FFD22438F97FFC06F93D" box="[853,909,1689,1713]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Type</typeStatus>
species
</emphasis>
:
<taxonomicName id="4C444D6BFF95FFD2249CF97FFA0FF93C" authority="Smales, 2018" authorityName="Smales" authorityYear="2018" box="[1009,1412,1689,1712]" class="Chromadorea" family="Heligmosomidae" genus="Missimstrongylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="oweni">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF95FFD2249CF97FFB67F93C" box="[1009,1260,1689,1712]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Missimstrongylus oweni</emphasis>
Smales, 2018
</taxonomicName>
.
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<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF95FFD22438F951FB57F943" blockId="20.[813,1467,1689,2018]" box="[853,1244,1719,1743]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF95FFD22438F951FC11F943" bold="true" box="[853,922,1719,1743]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Hosts:</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C444D6BFF95FFD224CEF95EFC76F943" box="[931,1021,1720,1743]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Muridae</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C444D6BFF95FFD22365F95EFBD4F943" authorityName="Illiger" authorityYear="1811" box="[1032,1119,1720,1743]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Murinae">Murinae</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="4C444D6BFF95FFD22302F95EFB59F943" authorityName="Bowdich" authorityYear="1821" box="[1135,1234,1720,1743]" class="Mammalia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="order">Rodentia</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF95FFD22438F930FBE8F961" blockId="20.[813,1467,1689,2018]" box="[853,1123,1750,1774]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF95FFD22438F930FC36F962" bold="true" box="[853,957,1750,1774]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Host site:</emphasis>
small intestine.
</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF95FFD22438F912FC6AF880" bold="true" box="[853,993,1780,1804]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Distribution:</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="F3537678FF95FFD22487F913FB32F880" box="[1002,1209,1781,1804]" name="Papua New Guinea" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Papua New Guinea</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C35E6563FF95FFD22438F8F5FA21F86D" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF95FFD22438F8F5FA21F86D" blockId="20.[813,1467,1689,2018]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF95FFD22438F8F5FBBAF8A7" bold="true" box="[853,1073,1811,1835]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Original diagnosis:</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF95FFD22329F8F2FAFBF86E" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
<taxonomicName id="4C444D6BFF95FFD22329F8F2FA8DF8A7" box="[1092,1286,1812,1835]" pageId="20" pageNumber="9" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Nippostrongylinae">Nippostrongylinae</taxonomicName>
: Synlophe with continuous ridges,
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mid body male, ridges unequal in size, ridge 5’ largest, axis of orientation of ridges oblique, from ventral right to dorsal left, lacking a carene (sic). Bursa dissymmetrical, left lobe larger, dorsal lobe shorter than lateral lobes, bursal pattern 1-3-1. Spicule to body length ratio 18-19%. Parasites of murines, Rattini, from
<collectingCountry id="F3537678FF95FFD223CCF82DFAFBF86E" box="[1185,1392,1995,2018]" name="Papua New Guinea" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Papua New Guinea</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
[
<bibRefCitation id="EFD54B19FF95FFD222ECF82CFA10F86D" author="Smales LR" box="[1409,1435,1994,2017]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" pagination="1 - 13" refId="ref30049" refString="41. Smales LR. 2018. The gastrointestinal helminths of Rattus verucundus (sic) (Rodentia: Muridae) with the description of a new species (Heligmonellidae: Nematoda) from Papua New Guinea and a comment on the Rictulariidae (Nematoda) from the Sahul region. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Australia, 142, 1 - 13." type="journal article" year="2018">41</bibRefCitation>
].
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3.7.1.2
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(
<figureCitation id="137F2A6DFF95FFD226F5FD42FE6EFD35" box="[408,485,676,697]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="19.[113,180,982,1003]" captionTargetBox="[161,1435,239,961]" captionTargetId="figure-500@19.[151,1436,238,961]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Figure 7. Genus Parvinema Smales, 2017. Midbody sections. A, B Parvinema bafunminense Smales, 2017. A male, B, B’ female. C, C’ Parvinema helgeni Smales, 2017, male. Source: A–C redrawn from [40]. B’, C’ modified figures with respect to the original: B’ numbering of ridges added. C’ reversed on its frontal axis, then rotated 30° clockwise." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12628860" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12628860/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Fig. 7C</figureCitation>
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<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF95FFD2271CFD26FD11FD59" box="[113,666,704,725]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
3.7.1.2.1 Synlophe (based on section of
<specimenCount id="9D42FD61FF95FFD22547FD26FD04FD59" box="[554,655,704,725]" count="1" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" type="male">one male</specimenCount>
).
</emphasis>
Section analyzed herein is at midbody (Fig. 31/7C); lateral cords illustrated; ridges numbered. Careen absent. Ridge 1’ very large and slightly curved (inner curvature upwards). Sixteen ridges irregularly spaced with two gaps (arrowheads): one between ridges 3 and 4, another one between 8 and 9’. Two groups of dorsal ridges: on left three small ridges, serried, oriented from right to left; on right, five small ridges, more widely spaced, oriented perpendicular to body surface. Ventral ridges regularly spaced with median ridges smallest, oriented from right to left. Axis of orientation oblique.
</paragraph>
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3.7.1.2.2 Bursa (illustrated in [
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]: Fig. 32).
</emphasis>
Figure 32: dorsal ray, left ray 8 and left rays 4-6, left latero-dorsal view; rays 2 and 3 not illustrated. From the written description [
<bibRefCitation id="EFD54B19FF95FFD225F8FBBAFD24FBFF" author="Smales LR" box="[661,687,1116,1139]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" pagination="762 - 771" refId="ref29998" refString="40. Smales LR. 2017. The gastrointestinal nematodes of Paramelomys lorentzii and Mammelomys spp. (Rodentia: Muridae) with descriptions of a new genus and three new species (Heligmonellidae) from Papua New Guinea and Indonesia. Acta Parasitologica, 62, 762 - 771." type="journal article" year="2017">40</bibRefCitation>
]: bursa dissymmetrical with left lobe larger and pattern of
<typeStatus id="54FF884AFF95FFD225E4FB9DFD3EFB1E" box="[649,693,1147,1170]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">type</typeStatus>
1-3-1.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF95FFD2271CFB50FEA9FB46" blockId="20.[113,290,1205,1226]" box="[113,290,1205,1226]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF95FFD2271CFB50FEA9FB46" bold="true" box="[113,290,1205,1226]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">3.7.2 Comments</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF95FFD2271CFB08FEADFA8F" blockId="20.[113,768,1262,2016]" box="[113,294,1262,1283]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF95FFD2271CFB08FEADFA8F" bold="true" box="[113,294,1262,1283]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">3.7.2.1 Synlophe</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF95FFD227F4FAECFF52FA55" blockId="20.[113,768,1262,2016]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
Although in the definition of the genus [
<bibRefCitation id="EFD54B19FF95FFD22536FAECFDFEFAAD" author="Smales LR" box="[603,629,1290,1313]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" pagination="762 - 771" refId="ref29998" refString="40. Smales LR. 2017. The gastrointestinal nematodes of Paramelomys lorentzii and Mammelomys spp. (Rodentia: Muridae) with descriptions of a new genus and three new species (Heligmonellidae) from Papua New Guinea and Indonesia. Acta Parasitologica, 62, 762 - 771." type="journal article" year="2017">40</bibRefCitation>
] a careen is mentioned, in the written descriptions of
<taxonomicName id="4C444D6BFF95FFD2254EFACFFD5AFACC" authorityName="Smales" authorityYear="2017" box="[547,721,1321,1344]" class="Chromadorea" family="Heligmosomidae" genus="Parvinema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="bafunminense">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF95FFD2254EFACFFD5AFACC" box="[547,721,1321,1344]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">P. bafunminense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C444D6BFF95FFD2271CFAAEFF52FAD3" authorityName="Smales" authorityYear="2017" box="[113,217,1352,1375]" class="Chromadorea" family="Heligmosomidae" genus="Parvinema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="helgeni">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF95FFD2271CFAAEFF52FAD3" box="[113,217,1352,1375]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">P. helgeni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, there is no reference to such a structure. Illustrations of
<taxonomicName id="4C444D6BFF95FFD227FCFA80FECAFAF1" authorityName="Smales" authorityYear="2017" box="[145,321,1382,1405]" class="Chromadorea" family="Heligmosomidae" genus="Parvinema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="bafunminense">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF95FFD227FCFA80FECAFAF1" box="[145,321,1382,1405]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">P. bafunminense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
show some flaws: in
<figureCitation id="137F2A6DFF95FFD22558FA80FD2AFAF1" box="[565,673,1382,1405]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="19.[113,180,982,1003]" captionTargetBox="[161,1435,239,961]" captionTargetId="figure-500@19.[151,1436,238,961]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Figure 7. Genus Parvinema Smales, 2017. Midbody sections. A, B Parvinema bafunminense Smales, 2017. A male, B, B’ female. C, C’ Parvinema helgeni Smales, 2017, male. Source: A–C redrawn from [40]. B’, C’ modified figures with respect to the original: B’ numbering of ridges added. C’ reversed on its frontal axis, then rotated 30° clockwise." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12628860" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12628860/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Figure 7A</figureCitation>
, ridge 1 does not reach the margin of the section, and the dorsal hypodermis is not correctly illustrated (present on the left, absent on the right).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF95FFD227F4FA06FD2DF9B8" blockId="20.[113,768,1262,2016]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
The male section of
<taxonomicName id="4C444D6BFF95FFD22612FA06FDBBFA7B" authorityName="Smales" authorityYear="2017" box="[383,560,1504,1527]" class="Chromadorea" family="Heligmosomidae" genus="Parvinema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="bafunminense">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF95FFD22612FA06FDBBFA7B" box="[383,560,1504,1527]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">P. bafunminense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is clearly different from the female section of the same species and from that of
<taxonomicName id="4C444D6BFF95FFD2271CF9F8FF57F9B9" authorityName="Smales" authorityYear="2017" box="[113,220,1566,1589]" class="Chromadorea" family="Heligmosomidae" genus="Parvinema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="helgeni">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF95FFD2271CF9F8FF57F9B9" box="[113,220,1566,1589]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">P. helgeni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by the ridge 1’ not very large and straight.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF95FFD227F4F9DAFE64F82F" blockId="20.[113,768,1262,2016]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
In the male section of
<taxonomicName id="4C444D6BFF95FFD226EDF9DAFE62F9DF" authorityName="Smales" authorityYear="2017" box="[384,489,1596,1619]" class="Chromadorea" family="Heligmosomidae" genus="Parvinema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="helgeni">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF95FFD226EDF9DAFE62F9DF" box="[384,489,1596,1619]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">P. helgeni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the orientation of ridge 1’ is unusual for a
<taxonomicName id="4C444D6BFF95FFD22642F9BCFE65F9FD" box="[303,494,1626,1649]" pageId="20" pageNumber="9" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Nippostrongylinae">Nippostrongylinae</taxonomicName>
and it is likely that the section should be reversed on its frontal axis (
<figureCitation id="137F2A6DFF95FFD22537F99FFD39F91C" box="[602,690,1656,1680]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="19.[113,180,982,1003]" captionTargetBox="[161,1435,239,961]" captionTargetId="figure-500@19.[151,1436,238,961]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Figure 7. Genus Parvinema Smales, 2017. Midbody sections. A, B Parvinema bafunminense Smales, 2017. A male, B, B’ female. C, C’ Parvinema helgeni Smales, 2017, male. Source: A–C redrawn from [40]. B’, C’ modified figures with respect to the original: B’ numbering of ridges added. C’ reversed on its frontal axis, then rotated 30° clockwise." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12628860" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12628860/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Fig. 7C’</figureCitation>
). After reversion and a slight rotation clockwise, the section becomes similar to that of
<taxonomicName id="4C444D6BFF95FFD2264EF950FE44F941" authorityName="Smales" authorityYear="2017" box="[291,463,1718,1741]" class="Chromadorea" family="Heligmosomidae" genus="Parvinema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="bafunminense">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF95FFD2264EF950FE44F941" box="[291,463,1718,1741]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">P. bafunminense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
female at midbody: large left ridge oriented with the inner curvature downwards; dorsal ridges regularly spaced and unequal in size, the mid-dorsal ones being small and the left-dorsal (1, 2) and right-dorsal ones (6 to 8) being larger. On the reoriented section the dorsal ridges are oriented from right to left; the ventral ridges 9’ to 5’ oriented perpendicularly to body surface and left ventral ridges (4’ to 1’) oriented from right to left.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF95FFD227F4F84CFB18FE0C" blockId="20.[113,768,1262,2016]" lastBlockId="20.[813,1467,239,629]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
The synlophes of
<taxonomicName id="4C444D6BFF95FFD22631F84DFD80F84E" authorityName="Smales" authorityYear="2017" box="[348,523,1963,1986]" class="Chromadorea" family="Heligmosomidae" genus="Parvinema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="bafunminense">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF95FFD22631F84DFD80F84E" box="[348,523,1963,1986]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">P. bafunminense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
female and
<taxonomicName id="4C444D6BFF95FFD225F9F84DFD74F84E" authorityName="Smales" authorityYear="2017" box="[660,767,1963,1986]" class="Chromadorea" family="Heligmosomidae" genus="Parvinema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="helgeni">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF95FFD225F9F84DFD74F84E" box="[660,767,1963,1986]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">P. helgeni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
male share the left ridge (ridge 1’) very large and curved and a left-ventral gap. However, in
<taxonomicName id="4C444D6BFF95FFD223EAFF09FAB3FE8A" authorityName="Smales" authorityYear="2017" box="[1159,1336,239,262]" class="Chromadorea" family="Heligmosomidae" genus="Parvinema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="bafunminense">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF95FFD223EAFF09FAB3FE8A" box="[1159,1336,239,262]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">P. bafunminense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
female, the gap is situated between ridges 1’ and 2’ whereas in
<taxonomicName id="4C444D6BFF95FFD2223CFEEBFA31FEA8" authorityName="Smales" authorityYear="2017" box="[1361,1466,269,292]" class="Chromadorea" family="Heligmosomidae" genus="Parvinema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="helgeni">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF95FFD2223CFEEBFA31FEA8" box="[1361,1466,269,292]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">P. helgeni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
male, it is situated between ridges 5’ and 4’. In both species the inclination of the axis of orientation is uncertain due to the disparate orientation of the ridges.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF95FFD22439FE61FAA7FDF8" blockId="20.[813,1467,239,629]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
The male and the female of
<taxonomicName id="4C444D6BFF95FFD22314FE6EFAADFE13" authorityName="Smales" authorityYear="2017" box="[1145,1318,392,415]" class="Chromadorea" family="Heligmosomidae" genus="Parvinema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="bafunminense">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF95FFD22314FE6EFAADFE13" box="[1145,1318,392,415]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">P. bafunminense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
do not appear to belong to the same taxon, the differences between both synlophes being too marked. The synlophe of
<taxonomicName id="4C444D6BFF95FFD22227FE23FC37FE76" authorityName="Smales" authorityYear="2017" class="Chromadorea" family="Heligmosomidae" genus="Parvinema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="bafunminense">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF95FFD22227FE23FC37FE76" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Parvinema bafunminense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(female) is closely related to that of
<taxonomicName id="4C444D6BFF95FFD22222FE05FA31FE76" authorityName="Smales" authorityYear="2017" box="[1359,1466,483,506]" class="Chromadorea" family="Heligmosomidae" genus="Parvinema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="helgeni">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF95FFD22222FE05FA31FE76" box="[1359,1466,483,506]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">P. helgeni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(male) by the hypertrophy of the left ridge and they should probably be included in the same genus. They differ from each other by the relative size and spacing of the gaps, characters which could be attributed to specific differences.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF95FFD22440FD57FC37FD49" blockId="20.[813,1468,689,954]" box="[813,956,689,709]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF95FFD22440FD57FC37FD49" bold="true" box="[813,956,689,709]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">3.7.2.2 Bursa</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF95FFD22438FD2BFA37FC36" blockId="20.[813,1468,689,954]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
<taxonomicName id="4C444D6BFF95FFD22438FD2BFBE8FD68" authorityName="Smales" authorityYear="2017" box="[853,1123,717,740]" class="Chromadorea" family="Heligmosomidae" genus="Parvinema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="bafunminense">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF95FFD22438FD2BFBE8FD68" box="[853,1123,717,740]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Parvinema bafunminense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: Figure 21, judging from the shape of the bursa, is in dorsal view. In Figures 25 and 26 the margins are illustrated with dotted lines, which indicates that the lateral lobes are in latero-dorsal view. Judging from the illustrations, the pattern is 2-2-
<quantity id="4CBC9B0DFF95FFD223F1FCA1FB49FCD2" box="[1180,1218,839,862]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.54" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" unit="in" value="1.0">1 in</quantity>
both lobes, even if left ray 2 is not illustrated.
<taxonomicName id="4C444D6BFF95FFD22372FC80FB69FCF1" authorityName="Smales" authorityYear="2017" box="[1055,1250,870,893]" class="Chromadorea" family="Heligmosomidae" genus="Parvinema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="helgeni">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF95FFD22372FC80FB69FCF1" box="[1055,1250,870,893]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Parvinema helgeni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: the unique drawing provided is incomplete and does not allow us to confirm or to dismiss either the dissymmetry or the pattern 1-3-1 of the bursa.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF95FFD22440FC05FC6FFC74" blockId="20.[813,996,995,1016]" box="[813,996,995,1016]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF95FFD22440FC05FC6FFC74" bold="true" box="[813,996,995,1016]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">3.7.3 Conclusion</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF95FFD22438FBE9FBF0FB2C" blockId="20.[813,1467,1039,1551]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
It is possible that under
<taxonomicName id="4C444D6BFF95FFD2233AFBE9FB43FBAA" authorityName="Durette-Desset &amp; Digiani" authorityYear="2023" box="[1111,1224,1039,1062]" class="Chromadorea" family="Heligmosomidae" genus="Parvinema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF95FFD2233AFBE9FB43FBAA" box="[1111,1224,1039,1062]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Parvinema</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
there are at least three taxa described. This hypothesis is reinforced by the fact that in [
<bibRefCitation id="EFD54B19FF95FFD22422FBAAFCE2FBEF" author="Smales LR" box="[847,873,1100,1123]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" pagination="762 - 771" refId="ref29998" refString="40. Smales LR. 2017. The gastrointestinal nematodes of Paramelomys lorentzii and Mammelomys spp. (Rodentia: Muridae) with descriptions of a new genus and three new species (Heligmonellidae) from Papua New Guinea and Indonesia. Acta Parasitologica, 62, 762 - 771." type="journal article" year="2017">40</bibRefCitation>
] it is noted that “
<taxonomicName id="4C444D6BFF95FFD22376FBAAFB56FBEF" authorityName="Smales" authorityYear="2017" box="[1051,1245,1100,1123]" class="Chromadorea" family="Heligmosomidae" genus="Parvinema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="helgeni">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF95FFD22376FBAAFB56FBEF" box="[1051,1245,1100,1123]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Parvinema helgeni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C444D6BFF95FFD22262FBAAFA30FBEF" authorityName="Smales" authorityYear="2017" box="[1295,1467,1100,1123]" class="Chromadorea" family="Heligmosomidae" genus="Parvinema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="bafunminense">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF95FFD22262FBAAFA30FBEF" box="[1295,1467,1100,1123]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">P. bafunminense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
were found in mixed infections in four of the 27 individuals of
<taxonomicName id="4C444D6BFF95FFD22440FB6CFC2BFB2D" baseAuthorityName="Jentink" baseAuthorityYear="1908" box="[813,928,1162,1185]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Paramelomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lorentzii">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF95FFD22440FB6CFC2BFB2D" box="[813,928,1162,1185]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">P. lorentzii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
examined” (p. 770).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF95FFD22438FB4EFB7DFA19" blockId="20.[813,1467,1039,1551]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
Unfortunately, the original description did not provide more precision. For
<taxonomicName id="4C444D6BFF95FFD224AEFB21FBE4FB52" authorityName="Smales" authorityYear="2017" box="[963,1135,1223,1246]" class="Chromadorea" family="Heligmosomidae" genus="Parvinema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="bafunminense">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF95FFD224AEFB21FBE4FB52" box="[963,1135,1223,1246]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">P. bafunminense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
it is not possible to know if the description and illustration of the bursa come from the same individuals used for the study of the synlophe. On the other hand, the female synlophe of
<taxonomicName id="4C444D6BFF95FFD22302FAC4FB50FAB5" authorityName="Smales" authorityYear="2017" box="[1135,1243,1314,1337]" class="Chromadorea" family="Heligmosomidae" genus="Parvinema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="helgeni">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF95FFD22302FAC4FB50FAB5" box="[1135,1243,1314,1337]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">P. helgeni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is not described nor illustrated. In these conditions,
<taxonomicName id="4C444D6BFF95FFD22312FAA7FA01FAD4" authorityName="Smales" authorityYear="2017" box="[1151,1418,1345,1368]" class="Chromadorea" family="Heligmosomidae" genus="Parvinema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="bafunminense">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF95FFD22312FAA7FA01FAD4" box="[1151,1418,1345,1368]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Parvinema bafunminense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C444D6BFF95FFD22440FAB9FC73FAFA" authorityName="Smales" authorityYear="2017" box="[813,1016,1375,1398]" class="Chromadorea" family="Heligmosomidae" genus="Parvinema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="helgeni">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF95FFD22440FAB9FC73FAFA" box="[813,1016,1375,1398]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Parvinema helgeni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are considered species
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF95FFD22267FAB9FA0DFAFA" box="[1290,1414,1375,1398]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">inquirendae</emphasis>
and the genus
<taxonomicName id="4C444D6BFF95FFD224F4FA98FB81FA19" authorityName="Durette-Desset &amp; Digiani" authorityYear="2023" box="[921,1034,1406,1429]" class="Chromadorea" family="Heligmosomidae" genus="Parvinema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF95FFD224F4FA98FB81FA19" box="[921,1034,1406,1429]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Parvinema</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
a
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF95FFD2234AFA98FB64FA19" box="[1063,1263,1406,1429]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">genus inquirendum</emphasis>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF95FFD22438FA7AFAC8F983" blockId="20.[813,1467,1039,1551]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
The
<specimenCount id="9D42FD61FF95FFD224E4FA7AFC76FA3F" box="[905,1021,1436,1459]" count="3" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" type="generic" typeStatus="types">three types</specimenCount>
of synlophe recognized seem to be distributed into three different taxa, as follows: “
<taxonomicName id="4C444D6BFF95FFD2226EFA5DFA25FA5E" authorityName="Smales" authorityYear="2017" box="[1283,1454,1467,1490]" class="Chromadorea" family="Heligmosomidae" genus="Parvinema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="bafunminense">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF95FFD2226EFA5DFA25FA5E" box="[1283,1454,1467,1490]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">P. bafunminense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
” (male section),
<taxonomicName id="4C444D6BFF95FFD224B6FA3FFB12FA7C" box="[987,1177,1497,1520]" pageId="20" pageNumber="9" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Nippostrongylinae">Nippostrongylinae</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF95FFD223C4FA3CFB4DFA7D" box="[1193,1222,1498,1521]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">i.s.</emphasis>
4 (female section of
<taxonomicName id="4C444D6BFF95FFD22440FA1EFC52F983" authorityName="Smales" authorityYear="2017" box="[813,985,1528,1551]" class="Chromadorea" family="Heligmosomidae" genus="Parvinema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="bafunminense">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF95FFD22440FA1EFC52F983" box="[813,985,1528,1551]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">P. bafunminense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), and “
<taxonomicName id="4C444D6BFF95FFD22347FA1EFB1FF983" authorityName="Smales" authorityYear="2017" box="[1066,1172,1528,1551]" class="Chromadorea" family="Heligmosomidae" genus="Parvinema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="helgeni">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF95FFD22347FA1EFB1FF983" box="[1066,1172,1528,1551]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">P. helgeni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
” (male section).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
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123
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<subSubSection id="C35E6563FF97FFD0271CF9A8FDF7F9EE" box="[113,636,1613,1634]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF97FFD0271CF9A8FDF7F9EE" blockId="22.[113,636,1613,1634]" box="[113,636,1613,1634]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
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3.9.1.1
<taxonomicName id="4C444D6BFF97FFD027ADF9A8FE68F9EE" ID-CoL="9B9W4" authority="Smales, 2019" authorityName="Smales" authorityYear="2019" box="[192,483,1614,1634]" class="Chromadorea" family="Heligmosomidae" genus="Flannerystrongylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="abulus">Flannerystrongylus abulus</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="137F2A6DFF97FFD0269FF9A8FDFFF9EE" box="[498,628,1613,1634]" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="23.[113,180,1883,1904]" captionTargetBox="[151,1437,238,1858]" captionTargetId="figure-1@23.[151,1437,238,1858]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="Figure 9. Genus Flannerystrongylus Smales, 2019. Body sections. A–C Flannerystrongylus abulus Smales, 2019. A, A’ within proximal body, female. B, C at midbody. B male, C female. D–E’ Flannerystrongylus chisholmae Smales, 2020. D–E’ at midbody. D, D’ male. E, E’ female. Abbreviation: cu, cuticle. Sources: A–C redrawn from [42]; D, E redrawn from [43]. A’, B’, D’, E’: modified figures: A’ rotation clockwise, re-numbering of ridges with respect to the original. B’ rotation clockwise. D’, E’ addition of external cuticular lining. D’ re-numbering of ridges." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12628866" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12628866/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Figs. 9A–9C</figureCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C35E6563FF97FFD0271CF99AFD0AF885" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF97FFD0271CF99AFD0AF885" blockId="22.[113,768,1660,2045]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF97FFD0271CF99AFF58F921" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">3.9.1.1.1 Synlophe (based on sections from ten specimens; sex not specified).</emphasis>
Sections analyzed herein are within proximal body: female (
<figureCitation id="137F2A6DFF97FFD027A0F953FE9BF940" box="[205,272,1717,1740]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="7.[113,180,1808,1829]" captionTargetBox="[227,1361,238,1765]" captionTargetId="figure-1@7.[227,1361,238,1765]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 2. Genus Mawsonema Smales &amp; Heinrich, 2010. Body sections. A–F’ Mawsonema mokwanense Smales &amp; Heinrich, 2010. A, A’ within proximal body, male. B, C at midbody. B male, C female. D, E within distal body. D male, E female. F, F’ within proximal body, female. A–E synlophe of type I. F, F’ synlophe of type II. Source: A–F redrawn from [45]. A’, F’ modified figures: reversed on their frontal axes with respect to the originals. F’ axis of orientation reinterpreted as subfrontal." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12628846" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12628846/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
/9A) and at midbody: male (
<figureCitation id="137F2A6DFF97FFD02537F953FD15F940" box="[602,670,1717,1740]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="18.[113,180,1051,1072]" captionTargetBox="[144,1428,238,1029]" captionTargetId="figure-461@18.[144,1429,238,1029]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="Figure 6. Genus Rodentanema Smales, 2016. A–D’. Rodentanema aenigma Smales, 2016. A–B’ head. A lateral or median view showing buccal capsule. B, B’ apical view. C, D sections at midbody. C male, D, D’ female. Abbreviations: bc buccal capsule. Source: A–D redrawn from [38]. B’, D’ modified figures: B’ six lips instead five. D’ rotated 90° counterclockwise with respect to the original." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12628858" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12628858/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
/9B) and female (
<figureCitation id="137F2A6DFF97FFD027ABF935FE8AF966" box="[198,257,1747,1770]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="16.[113,180,629,650]" captionTargetBox="[144,1429,238,594]" captionTargetId="figure-644@16.[144,1429,238,594]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Figure 5. Genus Nugininema Smales, 2016. Body sections. A–D. Nugininema titokis Smales, 2016. A, B within proximal body. A male. B female. C, D, at midbody. C male, D female. Abbreviations: co, comarete. Source: A–D redrawn from [38]." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12628854" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12628854/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
/9C); lateral cords illustrated in
<figureCitation id="137F2A6DFF97FFD02525F935FD2CF966" box="[584,679,1747,1770]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="7.[113,180,1808,1829]" captionTargetBox="[227,1361,238,1765]" captionTargetId="figure-1@7.[227,1361,238,1765]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 2. Genus Mawsonema Smales &amp; Heinrich, 2010. Body sections. A–F’ Mawsonema mokwanense Smales &amp; Heinrich, 2010. A, A’ within proximal body, male. B, C at midbody. B male, C female. D, E within distal body. D male, E female. F, F’ within proximal body, female. A–E synlophe of type I. F, F’ synlophe of type II. Source: A–F redrawn from [45]. A’, F’ modified figures: reversed on their frontal axes with respect to the originals. F’ axis of orientation reinterpreted as subfrontal." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12628846" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12628846/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Figures 2</figureCitation>
/9A (left cord) and 2/9 C; ridges numbered in
<figureCitation id="137F2A6DFF97FFD02696F914FDD8F885" box="[507,595,1778,1801]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="7.[113,180,1808,1829]" captionTargetBox="[227,1361,238,1765]" captionTargetId="figure-1@7.[227,1361,238,1765]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 2. Genus Mawsonema Smales &amp; Heinrich, 2010. Body sections. A–F’ Mawsonema mokwanense Smales &amp; Heinrich, 2010. A, A’ within proximal body, male. B, C at midbody. B male, C female. D, E within distal body. D male, E female. F, F’ within proximal body, female. A–E synlophe of type I. F, F’ synlophe of type II. Source: A–F redrawn from [45]. A’, F’ modified figures: reversed on their frontal axes with respect to the originals. F’ axis of orientation reinterpreted as subfrontal." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12628846" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12628846/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Figure 2</figureCitation>
/9A.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C35E6563FF97FFD027F4F8F6FB25FC6C" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF97FFD027F4F8F6FD2BF8CA" blockId="22.[113,768,1660,2045]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
In all sections, careen absent. Axis of orientation subfrontal within proximal body, not specified at midbody [
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].
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF97FFD027F4F8A8FB02FECF" blockId="22.[113,768,1660,2045]" lastBlockId="22.[813,1467,238,414]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF97FFD027F4F8A8FE0AF8E9" box="[153,385,1870,1893]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Within proximal body:</emphasis>
in
<figureCitation id="137F2A6DFF97FFD026CCF8ABFD81F8E8" box="[417,522,1869,1892]" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="23.[113,180,1883,1904]" captionTargetBox="[151,1437,238,1858]" captionTargetId="figure-1@23.[151,1437,238,1858]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="Figure 9. Genus Flannerystrongylus Smales, 2019. Body sections. A–C Flannerystrongylus abulus Smales, 2019. A, A’ within proximal body, female. B, C at midbody. B male, C female. D–E’ Flannerystrongylus chisholmae Smales, 2020. D–E’ at midbody. D, D’ male. E, E’ female. Abbreviation: cu, cuticle. Sources: A–C redrawn from [42]; D, E redrawn from [43]. A’, B’, D’, E’: modified figures: A’ rotation clockwise, re-numbering of ridges with respect to the original. B’ rotation clockwise. D’, E’ addition of external cuticular lining. D’ re-numbering of ridges." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12628866" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12628866/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Figure 9A</figureCitation>
(female), 15 ridges regularly spaced and subequal in size; on dorsal side, ridges 1-4 and 6 oriented from right to left, ridges 5 and 7, perpendicular to body; on ventral side, all ridges oriented from right to left except ridge 8’ perpendicular to body; axis of orientation not passing through left lateral cord (right one not illustrated) but above and starting between ridges 7 and 8’ whose tips are not divergent, then passing between ridges 1 and 1’ whose tips are not convergent but divergent.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF97FFD02438FEADFC28FE12" blockId="22.[813,1467,238,414]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF97FFD02438FEADFC52FEEE" box="[853,985,331,354]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">At midbody:</emphasis>
in
<figureCitation id="137F2A6DFF97FFD0236BFEACFBF4FEED" box="[1030,1151,330,353]" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="23.[113,180,1883,1904]" captionTargetBox="[151,1437,238,1858]" captionTargetId="figure-1@23.[151,1437,238,1858]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="Figure 9. Genus Flannerystrongylus Smales, 2019. Body sections. A–C Flannerystrongylus abulus Smales, 2019. A, A’ within proximal body, female. B, C at midbody. B male, C female. D–E’ Flannerystrongylus chisholmae Smales, 2020. D–E’ at midbody. D, D’ male. E, E’ female. Abbreviation: cu, cuticle. Sources: A–C redrawn from [42]; D, E redrawn from [43]. A’, B’, D’, E’: modified figures: A’ rotation clockwise, re-numbering of ridges with respect to the original. B’ rotation clockwise. D’, E’ addition of external cuticular lining. D’ re-numbering of ridges." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12628866" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12628866/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Figures 9B</figureCitation>
(male) and 9C (female), 15 ridges regularly spaced and subequal in size, oriented disparately.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF97FFD02440FE20FA89FCE9" blockId="22.[813,1467,454,992]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF97FFD02440FE20FBC7FE7B" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
3.9.1.1.2 Bursa (number of worms studied not provided, illustrated in [
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]: Figs. 12, 14 and 15).
</emphasis>
Figure 12: left lateral view of one lobe (not specified), ventral rays situated towards bottom of page, only distal part of rays 2-8 illustrated, ray 8 joined proximally to ray 6. Figure 14: dorsal lobe, view not specified, only distal extremity of dorsal ray and rays 8 illustrated, both strongly curved, one of them extending beyond extremity of dorsal ray. From the written description: rays 8 diverge at level of division of dorsal ray,
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF97FFD02351FD50FBD1FD41" box="[1084,1114,694,717]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">i.e.</emphasis>
, at one-third of length; left ray 8 larger. Figure 15: right lateral view of one lobe (not specified), ventral rays situated towards bottom of page; one branch of dorsal ray and distal part of rays 2-8 illustrated; ray 8 slightly curved and reaching level of extremity of dorsal ray; ray 6 straight, rays 4-5 apparently curved dorsally.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF97FFD02438FC8BFB25FC6C" blockId="22.[813,1467,454,992]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
From the written description [
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]: bursa dissymmetrical with left lobe larger; lateral rays 6 curved dorsally, rays 4, 5 ventrally; rays 4 largest; rays 2-3 diverge ventrally, reaching margin of bursa; pattern of
<typeStatus id="54FF884AFF97FFD0233DFC2FFBF6FC6C" box="[1104,1149,969,992]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">type</typeStatus>
2-3.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
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3.9 Genus
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<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF97FFD02791FBEDFDCDFBA8" bold="true" box="[252,582,1035,1060]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">FLANNERYSTRONGYLUS</emphasis>
Smales, 2019
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(
<figureCitation id="137F2A6DFF97FFD02780FBCDFEBFFBC8" box="[237,308,1067,1092]" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="23.[113,180,1883,1904]" captionTargetBox="[151,1437,238,1858]" captionTargetId="figure-1@23.[151,1437,238,1858]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="Figure 9. Genus Flannerystrongylus Smales, 2019. Body sections. A–C Flannerystrongylus abulus Smales, 2019. A, A’ within proximal body, female. B, C at midbody. B male, C female. D–E’ Flannerystrongylus chisholmae Smales, 2020. D–E’ at midbody. D, D’ male. E, E’ female. Abbreviation: cu, cuticle. Sources: A–C redrawn from [42]; D, E redrawn from [43]. A’, B’, D’, E’: modified figures: A’ rotation clockwise, re-numbering of ridges with respect to the original. B’ rotation clockwise. D’, E’ addition of external cuticular lining. D’ re-numbering of ridges." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12628866" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12628866/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
)
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<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF97FFD027F4FB86FEA5FBF4" bold="true" box="[153,302,1120,1144]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
<typeStatus id="54FF884AFF97FFD027F4FB86FF5AFBF4" box="[153,209,1120,1144]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Type</typeStatus>
species:
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<taxonomicName id="4C444D6BFF97FFD0265BFB87FD6FFBF4" authority="Smales, 2019" authorityName="Smales" authorityYear="2019" box="[310,740,1121,1144]" class="Chromadorea" family="Heligmosomidae" genus="Flannerystrongylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="abulus">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF97FFD0265BFB87FDC7FBF4" box="[310,588,1121,1144]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Flannerystrongylus abulus</emphasis>
Smales, 2019
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<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF97FFD027F4FB99FF54FB1B" bold="true" box="[153,223,1151,1175]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Hosts:</emphasis>
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,
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(
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<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF97FFD027F4FB7BFF40FB39" bold="true" box="[153,203,1181,1205]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Site:</emphasis>
small intestine.
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<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF97FFD027F4FB5AFE31FB5F" blockId="22.[113,768,1120,1510]" box="[153,442,1212,1236]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF97FFD027F4FB5AFEADFB58" bold="true" box="[153,294,1212,1236]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Distribution:</emphasis>
New
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<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF97FFD027F4FB3CFEB4FB7E" bold="true" box="[153,319,1242,1266]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Other species:</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C444D6BFF97FFD0263DFB3DFF23FA9C" authority="Smales, 2020" authorityName="Smales" authorityYear="2020" class="Chromadorea" family="Heligmosomidae" genus="Flannerystrongylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="chisholmae">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF97FFD0263DFB3DFD15FB7E" box="[336,670,1243,1266]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Flannerystrongylus chisholmae</emphasis>
Smales, 2020
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<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF97FFD027F4FAFEFF79FA6A" blockId="22.[113,768,1120,1510]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF97FFD027F4FAFEFEFAFABC" bold="true" box="[153,369,1304,1328]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Original diagnosis:</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF97FFD02610FAFEFF32FA6A" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
<taxonomicName id="4C444D6BFF97FFD02610FAFEFDA1FAA3" authorityName="Skrjabin &amp; Schikobalova" authorityYear="1952" box="[381,554,1304,1327]" class="Chromadorea" family="Heligmonellidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Nematoda" rank="family">Heligmonellidae</taxonomicName>
, Nippostrongylinae. Synlophe well developed with 14-16 continuous, pointed, evenly-sized, longitudinal ridges; axis of orientation of ridges sub-frontal anteriorly. Bursa dissymmetrical, left lobe larger. Pattern of bursal rays 2-3, dorsal ray divided at level of branching of rays (8) from dorsal trunk. Parasites of uromyin murids
</emphasis>
[
<bibRefCitation id="EFD54B19FF97FFD027A7FA29FF6FFA6A" author="Smales LR" box="[202,228,1487,1510]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="107 - 125" refId="ref30115" refString="42. Smales LR. 2019. Gastrointestinal nematodes of Paramelomys platyops (Rodentia: Muridae) from Papua Indonesia and Papua Guinea with the descriptions of a new genus and five new species of Heligmonellida (Nematoda: Trichostrongylina) and a key of the species of Hughjonestrongylus. Zootaxa, 4679, 107 - 125." type="journal article" year="2019">42</bibRefCitation>
].
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF97FFD0271CF9F3FD1FF9A5" blockId="22.[113,660,1557,1577]" box="[113,660,1557,1577]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF97FFD0271CF9F3FD1FF9A5" bold="true" box="[113,660,1557,1577]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">3.9.1 Analysis of data and difficulties encountered</emphasis>
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<heading id="D0B38184FF97FFD02440FBF4FAFBFBAA" box="[813,1392,1042,1062]" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" reason="4">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF97FFD02440FBF4FAFBFBAA" bold="true" box="[813,1392,1042,1062]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
3.9.1.2
<taxonomicName id="4C444D6BFF97FFD02411FBF4FB5AFBAA" authority="Smales, 2020" authorityName="Smales" authorityYear="2020" box="[892,1233,1042,1062]" class="Chromadorea" family="Heligmosomidae" genus="Flannerystrongylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="chisholmae">Flannerystrongylus chisholmae</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="137F2A6DFF97FFD0238DFBF4FAD9FBAA" box="[1248,1362,1042,1062]" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="23.[113,180,1883,1904]" captionTargetBox="[151,1437,238,1858]" captionTargetId="figure-1@23.[151,1437,238,1858]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="Figure 9. Genus Flannerystrongylus Smales, 2019. Body sections. A–C Flannerystrongylus abulus Smales, 2019. A, A’ within proximal body, female. B, C at midbody. B male, C female. D–E’ Flannerystrongylus chisholmae Smales, 2020. D–E’ at midbody. D, D’ male. E, E’ female. Abbreviation: cu, cuticle. Sources: A–C redrawn from [42]; D, E redrawn from [43]. A’, B’, D’, E’: modified figures: A’ rotation clockwise, re-numbering of ridges with respect to the original. B’ rotation clockwise. D’, E’ addition of external cuticular lining. D’ re-numbering of ridges." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12628866" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12628866/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Figs. 9D–9</figureCitation>
E’)
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C35E6563FF97FFD02440FBA1FAF2FB39" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF97FFD02440FBA1FAF2FB39" blockId="22.[813,1468,1094,1541]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF97FFD02440FBA1FC0FFBF4" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
3.9.1.2.1 Synlophe (based on sections from
<specimenCount id="9D42FD61FF97FFD02398FBA1FAD0FBD0" box="[1269,1371,1095,1116]" count="2" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="male">two males</specimenCount>
and
<specimenCount id="9D42FD61FF97FFD022F7FBA0FCF2FBF4" count="5" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="female">five females</specimenCount>
).
</emphasis>
Sections analyzed herein are at midbody: male (
<figureCitation id="137F2A6DFF97FFD02458FB99FC0FFB1A" box="[821,900,1151,1174]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="7.[113,180,1808,1829]" captionTargetBox="[227,1361,238,1765]" captionTargetId="figure-1@7.[227,1361,238,1765]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 2. Genus Mawsonema Smales &amp; Heinrich, 2010. Body sections. A–F’ Mawsonema mokwanense Smales &amp; Heinrich, 2010. A, A’ within proximal body, male. B, C at midbody. B male, C female. D, E within distal body. D male, E female. F, F’ within proximal body, female. A–E synlophe of type I. F, F’ synlophe of type II. Source: A–F redrawn from [45]. A’, F’ modified figures: reversed on their frontal axes with respect to the originals. F’ axis of orientation reinterpreted as subfrontal." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12628846" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12628846/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Fig. 2C</figureCitation>
/9D) and female (
<figureCitation id="137F2A6DFF97FFD0232FFB99FB1BFB1A" box="[1090,1168,1151,1174]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="7.[113,180,1808,1829]" captionTargetBox="[227,1361,238,1765]" captionTargetId="figure-1@7.[227,1361,238,1765]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 2. Genus Mawsonema Smales &amp; Heinrich, 2010. Body sections. A–F’ Mawsonema mokwanense Smales &amp; Heinrich, 2010. A, A’ within proximal body, male. B, C at midbody. B male, C female. D, E within distal body. D male, E female. F, F’ within proximal body, female. A–E synlophe of type I. F, F’ synlophe of type II. Source: A–F redrawn from [45]. A’, F’ modified figures: reversed on their frontal axes with respect to the originals. F’ axis of orientation reinterpreted as subfrontal." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12628846" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12628846/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Fig. 2E</figureCitation>
/9E). In both sections lateral cords illustrated, and ridges numbered in
<figureCitation id="137F2A6DFF97FFD0238FFB78FAC1FB39" box="[1250,1354,1182,1205]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="7.[113,180,1808,1829]" captionTargetBox="[227,1361,238,1765]" captionTargetId="figure-1@7.[227,1361,238,1765]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 2. Genus Mawsonema Smales &amp; Heinrich, 2010. Body sections. A–F’ Mawsonema mokwanense Smales &amp; Heinrich, 2010. A, A’ within proximal body, male. B, C at midbody. B male, C female. D, E within distal body. D male, E female. F, F’ within proximal body, female. A–E synlophe of type I. F, F’ synlophe of type II. Source: A–F redrawn from [45]. A’, F’ modified figures: reversed on their frontal axes with respect to the originals. F’ axis of orientation reinterpreted as subfrontal." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12628846" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12628846/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Figure 2C</figureCitation>
/9D.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C35E6563FF97FFDE2438FB5AFC2EFD64" lastPageId="24" lastPageNumber="25" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF97FFD02438FB5AFB7FFAC1" blockId="22.[813,1468,1094,1541]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
In both sections careen absent; 15 minute ridges regularly spaced and subequal in size; axis of orientation described as subfrontal by Smales [
<bibRefCitation id="EFD54B19FF97FFD0237BFB1FFBBBFA9C" author="Smales LR" box="[1046,1072,1273,1296]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="544 - 572" refId="ref30173" refString="43. Smales LR. 2020. Gastrointestinal nematodes of Paramelomys levipes and P. mollis (Rodentia: Muridae) from Papua Indonesia and Papua Guinea and the descriptions of three new genera and nine new species (Nematoda). Zootaxa, 4861, 544 - 572." type="journal article" year="2020">43</bibRefCitation>
] but no arrow indicating its direction. In the original figures, the external lining of cuticle that connects the ridges to each other is not drawn.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF97FFD02438FAB3FB41FA44" blockId="22.[813,1468,1094,1541]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
<figureCitation id="137F2A6DFF97FFD02438FAB3FC49FAE0" box="[853,962,1365,1388]" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="23.[113,180,1883,1904]" captionTargetBox="[151,1437,238,1858]" captionTargetId="figure-1@23.[151,1437,238,1858]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="Figure 9. Genus Flannerystrongylus Smales, 2019. Body sections. A–C Flannerystrongylus abulus Smales, 2019. A, A’ within proximal body, female. B, C at midbody. B male, C female. D–E’ Flannerystrongylus chisholmae Smales, 2020. D–E’ at midbody. D, D’ male. E, E’ female. Abbreviation: cu, cuticle. Sources: A–C redrawn from [42]; D, E redrawn from [43]. A’, B’, D’, E’: modified figures: A’ rotation clockwise, re-numbering of ridges with respect to the original. B’ rotation clockwise. D’, E’ addition of external cuticular lining. D’ re-numbering of ridges." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12628866" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12628866/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Figure 9D</figureCitation>
(male): on dorsal surface, non-numbered ridge between ridges 6 and 7; some ridges pointing to left, some others to right and remaining oriented perpendicularly to body surface in rather disparate arrangement.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF97FFD02438FA29FC5DF989" blockId="22.[813,1468,1094,1541]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
<figureCitation id="137F2A6DFF97FFD02438FA29FC36FA6A" box="[853,957,1487,1510]" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="23.[113,180,1883,1904]" captionTargetBox="[151,1437,238,1858]" captionTargetId="figure-1@23.[151,1437,238,1858]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="Figure 9. Genus Flannerystrongylus Smales, 2019. Body sections. A–C Flannerystrongylus abulus Smales, 2019. A, A’ within proximal body, female. B, C at midbody. B male, C female. D–E’ Flannerystrongylus chisholmae Smales, 2020. D–E’ at midbody. D, D’ male. E, E’ female. Abbreviation: cu, cuticle. Sources: A–C redrawn from [42]; D, E redrawn from [43]. A’, B’, D’, E’: modified figures: A’ rotation clockwise, re-numbering of ridges with respect to the original. B’ rotation clockwise. D’, E’ addition of external cuticular lining. D’ re-numbering of ridges." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12628866" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12628866/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Figure 9E</figureCitation>
(female): ridges mostly oriented perpendicularly to body surface.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF97FFD02440F9CAFBB5F8BF" blockId="22.[813,1468,1580,1843]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF97FFD02440F9CAFBEDF9D1" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
3.9.1.2.2 Bursa (number of worms studied not specified, illustrated in [
<bibRefCitation id="EFD54B19FF97FFD0243FF9AEFCE1F9D1" author="Smales LR" box="[850,874,1608,1629]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="544 - 572" refId="ref30173" refString="43. Smales LR. 2020. Gastrointestinal nematodes of Paramelomys levipes and P. mollis (Rodentia: Muridae) from Papua Indonesia and Papua Guinea and the descriptions of three new genera and nine new species (Nematoda). Zootaxa, 4861, 544 - 572." type="journal article" year="2020">43</bibRefCitation>
]:
<figureCitation id="137F2A6DFF97FFD024E9F9AEFBD0F9D1" box="[900,1115,1608,1629]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="7.[113,180,1808,1829]" captionTargetBox="[227,1361,238,1765]" captionTargetId="figure-1@7.[227,1361,238,1765]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 2. Genus Mawsonema Smales &amp; Heinrich, 2010. Body sections. A–F’ Mawsonema mokwanense Smales &amp; Heinrich, 2010. A, A’ within proximal body, male. B, C at midbody. B male, C female. D, E within distal body. D male, E female. F, F’ within proximal body, female. A–E synlophe of type I. F, F’ synlophe of type II. Source: A–F redrawn from [45]. A’, F’ modified figures: reversed on their frontal axes with respect to the originals. F’ axis of orientation reinterpreted as subfrontal." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12628846" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12628846/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Figs. 2G, 2L and 2N</figureCitation>
).
</emphasis>
<figureCitation id="137F2A6DFF97FFD0231AF9A0FB6DF9D1" box="[1143,1254,1606,1629]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="7.[113,180,1808,1829]" captionTargetBox="[227,1361,238,1765]" captionTargetId="figure-1@7.[227,1361,238,1765]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 2. Genus Mawsonema Smales &amp; Heinrich, 2010. Body sections. A–F’ Mawsonema mokwanense Smales &amp; Heinrich, 2010. A, A’ within proximal body, male. B, C at midbody. B male, C female. D, E within distal body. D male, E female. F, F’ within proximal body, female. A–E synlophe of type I. F, F’ synlophe of type II. Source: A–F redrawn from [45]. A’, F’ modified figures: reversed on their frontal axes with respect to the originals. F’ axis of orientation reinterpreted as subfrontal." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12628846" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12628846/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Figure 2G</figureCitation>
, left lobe, view not specified, rays 2-6 numbered, only distal part of rays illustrated.
<figureCitation id="137F2A6DFF97FFD02440F965FC1EF916" box="[813,917,1667,1690]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="7.[113,180,1808,1829]" captionTargetBox="[227,1361,238,1765]" captionTargetId="figure-1@7.[227,1361,238,1765]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 2. Genus Mawsonema Smales &amp; Heinrich, 2010. Body sections. A–F’ Mawsonema mokwanense Smales &amp; Heinrich, 2010. A, A’ within proximal body, male. B, C at midbody. B male, C female. D, E within distal body. D male, E female. F, F’ within proximal body, female. A–E synlophe of type I. F, F’ synlophe of type II. Source: A–F redrawn from [45]. A’, F’ modified figures: reversed on their frontal axes with respect to the originals. F’ axis of orientation reinterpreted as subfrontal." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12628846" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12628846/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Figure 2L</figureCitation>
, dorsal lobe, view not specified, only distal extremity of dorsal ray and rays 8 illustrated.
<figureCitation id="137F2A6DFF97FFD023F3F944FA80F935" box="[1182,1291,1698,1721]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="7.[113,180,1808,1829]" captionTargetBox="[227,1361,238,1765]" captionTargetId="figure-1@7.[227,1361,238,1765]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 2. Genus Mawsonema Smales &amp; Heinrich, 2010. Body sections. A–F’ Mawsonema mokwanense Smales &amp; Heinrich, 2010. A, A’ within proximal body, male. B, C at midbody. B male, C female. D, E within distal body. D male, E female. F, F’ within proximal body, female. A–E synlophe of type I. F, F’ synlophe of type II. Source: A–F redrawn from [45]. A’, F’ modified figures: reversed on their frontal axes with respect to the originals. F’ axis of orientation reinterpreted as subfrontal." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12628846" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12628846/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Figure 2N</figureCitation>
, right lobe, view not specified, ray 6 smaller and separated from rays 4-5. From the written description [
<bibRefCitation id="EFD54B19FF97FFD0234CF939FBB0F97A" author="Smales LR" box="[1057,1083,1759,1782]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="544 - 572" refId="ref30173" refString="43. Smales LR. 2020. Gastrointestinal nematodes of Paramelomys levipes and P. mollis (Rodentia: Muridae) from Papua Indonesia and Papua Guinea and the descriptions of three new genera and nine new species (Nematoda). Zootaxa, 4861, 544 - 572." type="journal article" year="2020">43</bibRefCitation>
]: bursa dissymmetrical with left lobe larger, lateral rays 4-6 about same length, reaching margin of bursa, pattern of
<typeStatus id="54FF884AFF97FFD0248DF8FAFB87F8BF" box="[992,1036,1820,1843]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">type</typeStatus>
2-3.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF97FFD02440F884FC56F8FA" blockId="22.[813,989,1889,1910]" box="[813,989,1889,1910]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF97FFD02440F884FC56F8FA" bold="true" box="[813,989,1889,1910]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">3.9.2 Comments</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF97FFD02440F868FC69F82E" blockId="22.[813,1467,1933,2046]" box="[813,994,1933,1954]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF97FFD02440F868FC69F82E" bold="true" box="[813,994,1933,1954]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">3.9.2.1 Synlophe</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF97FFDE2438F84CFD6CFE31" blockId="22.[813,1467,1933,2046]" lastBlockId="24.[113,768,238,965]" lastPageId="24" lastPageNumber="25" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF97FFD02438F84CFBF9F84D" box="[853,1138,1962,1985]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
<taxonomicName id="4C444D6BFF97FFD02438F84CFBE7F84D" authorityName="Smales" authorityYear="2019" box="[853,1132,1962,1985]" class="Chromadorea" family="Heligmosomidae" genus="Flannerystrongylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="abulus">Flannerystrongylus abulus</taxonomicName>
:
</emphasis>
within the proximal part of the body, the female section (
<figureCitation id="137F2A6DFF97FFD02328F82EFB12F853" box="[1093,1177,1992,2015]" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="23.[113,180,1883,1904]" captionTargetBox="[151,1437,238,1858]" captionTargetId="figure-1@23.[151,1437,238,1858]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="Figure 9. Genus Flannerystrongylus Smales, 2019. Body sections. A–C Flannerystrongylus abulus Smales, 2019. A, A’ within proximal body, female. B, C at midbody. B male, C female. D–E’ Flannerystrongylus chisholmae Smales, 2020. D–E’ at midbody. D, D’ male. E, E’ female. Abbreviation: cu, cuticle. Sources: A–C redrawn from [42]; D, E redrawn from [43]. A’, B’, D’, E’: modified figures: A’ rotation clockwise, re-numbering of ridges with respect to the original. B’ rotation clockwise. D’, E’ addition of external cuticular lining. D’ re-numbering of ridges." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12628866" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12628866/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Fig. 9A</figureCitation>
) should be slightly rotated clockwise to align the left lateral cord horizontally and to have the accurate orientation of the section (
<figureCitation id="137F2A6DFF99FFDE256EFF09FDD1FE8A" box="[515,602,238,262]" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="23.[113,180,1883,1904]" captionTargetBox="[151,1437,238,1858]" captionTargetId="figure-1@23.[151,1437,238,1858]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="Figure 9. Genus Flannerystrongylus Smales, 2019. Body sections. A–C Flannerystrongylus abulus Smales, 2019. A, A’ within proximal body, female. B, C at midbody. B male, C female. D–E’ Flannerystrongylus chisholmae Smales, 2020. D–E’ at midbody. D, D’ male. E, E’ female. Abbreviation: cu, cuticle. Sources: A–C redrawn from [42]; D, E redrawn from [43]. A’, B’, D’, E’: modified figures: A’ rotation clockwise, re-numbering of ridges with respect to the original. B’ rotation clockwise. D’, E’ addition of external cuticular lining. D’ re-numbering of ridges." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12628866" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12628866/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Fig. 9A’</figureCitation>
). We propose a slight modification on the numbering of the ridges, so that ridge 8’ in [
<bibRefCitation id="EFD54B19FF99FFDE27DEFECAFF46FECF" author="Smales LR" box="[179,205,300,323]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="107 - 125" refId="ref30115" refString="42. Smales LR. 2019. Gastrointestinal nematodes of Paramelomys platyops (Rodentia: Muridae) from Papua Indonesia and Papua Guinea with the descriptions of a new genus and five new species of Heligmonellida (Nematoda: Trichostrongylina) and a key of the species of Hughjonestrongylus. Zootaxa, 4679, 107 - 125." type="journal article" year="2019">42</bibRefCitation>
] becomes ridge 8.
<figureCitation id="137F2A6DFF99FFDE26F5FECAFD8AFECF" box="[408,513,300,323]" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="23.[113,180,1883,1904]" captionTargetBox="[151,1437,238,1858]" captionTargetId="figure-1@23.[151,1437,238,1858]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="Figure 9. Genus Flannerystrongylus Smales, 2019. Body sections. A–C Flannerystrongylus abulus Smales, 2019. A, A’ within proximal body, female. B, C at midbody. B male, C female. D–E’ Flannerystrongylus chisholmae Smales, 2020. D–E’ at midbody. D, D’ male. E, E’ female. Abbreviation: cu, cuticle. Sources: A–C redrawn from [42]; D, E redrawn from [43]. A’, B’, D’, E’: modified figures: A’ rotation clockwise, re-numbering of ridges with respect to the original. B’ rotation clockwise. D’, E’ addition of external cuticular lining. D’ re-numbering of ridges." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12628866" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12628866/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Figure 9B</figureCitation>
can be similarly rotated clockwise (
<figureCitation id="137F2A6DFF99FFDE278BFEACFEB7FEEE" box="[230,316,330,354]" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="23.[113,180,1883,1904]" captionTargetBox="[151,1437,238,1858]" captionTargetId="figure-1@23.[151,1437,238,1858]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="Figure 9. Genus Flannerystrongylus Smales, 2019. Body sections. A–C Flannerystrongylus abulus Smales, 2019. A, A’ within proximal body, female. B, C at midbody. B male, C female. D–E’ Flannerystrongylus chisholmae Smales, 2020. D–E’ at midbody. D, D’ male. E, E’ female. Abbreviation: cu, cuticle. Sources: A–C redrawn from [42]; D, E redrawn from [43]. A’, B’, D’, E’: modified figures: A’ rotation clockwise, re-numbering of ridges with respect to the original. B’ rotation clockwise. D’, E’ addition of external cuticular lining. D’ re-numbering of ridges." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12628866" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12628866/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Fig. 9B’</figureCitation>
). This re-arrangement would make all three synlophes (A’, B’, C) more or less consistent, with an oblique axis of orientation separating 8 right-dorsal and 7 left-ventral ridges although passing between incorrectly oriented ridges.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF3B6660FF96FFD1271CF8BDFEFCF86C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12628866" ID-Zenodo-Dep="12628866" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12628866/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" startId="23.[113,180,1883,1904]" targetBox="[151,1437,238,1858]" targetPageId="23" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF96FFD1271CF8BDFEFCF86C" blockId="23.[113,1468,1883,2017]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF96FFD1271CF8BDFF44F8FC" bold="true" box="[113,207,1883,1904]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Figure 9.</emphasis>
Genus
<taxonomicName id="4C444D6BFF96FFD1264CF8BAFDE2F8FD" authority="Smales, 2019" authorityName="Smales" authorityYear="2019" box="[289,617,1884,1905]" class="Chromadorea" family="Heligmosomidae" genus="Flannerystrongylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF96FFD1264CF8BAFE50F8FD" box="[289,475,1884,1905]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Flannerystrongylus</emphasis>
Smales, 2019
</taxonomicName>
. Body sections. A–C
<taxonomicName id="4C444D6BFF96FFD1242FF8BAFB58F8FD" authority="Smales, 2019" authorityName="Smales" authorityYear="2019" box="[834,1235,1884,1905]" class="Chromadorea" family="Heligmosomidae" genus="Flannerystrongylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="abulus">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF96FFD1242FF8BAFBC8F8FD" box="[834,1091,1884,1905]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Flannerystrongylus abulus</emphasis>
Smales, 2019
</taxonomicName>
. A, A’ within proximal body, female. B, C at midbody. B male, C female. D–E’
<taxonomicName id="4C444D6BFF96FFD125F4F89EFBD9F801" authority="Smales, 2020" authorityName="Smales" authorityYear="2020" box="[665,1106,1912,1933]" class="Chromadorea" family="Heligmosomidae" genus="Flannerystrongylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="chisholmae">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF96FFD125F4F89EFC4DF801" box="[665,966,1912,1933]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Flannerystrongylus chisholmae</emphasis>
Smales, 2020
</taxonomicName>
. D–E’ at midbody. D, D’ male. E, E’ female. Abbreviation: cu, cuticle. Sources: A–C redrawn from [
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]; D, E redrawn from [
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]. A’, B’, D’, E’: modified figures: A’ rotation clockwise, re-numbering of ridges with respect to the original. B’ rotation clockwise. D’, E’ addition of external cuticular lining. D’ re-numbering of ridges.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF99FFDE27F4FE23FD34FDBB" blockId="24.[113,768,238,965]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF99FFDE27F4FE23FE7EFE50" box="[153,501,453,476]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
<taxonomicName id="4C444D6BFF99FFDE27F4FE23FE64FE50" authorityName="Smales" authorityYear="2020" box="[153,495,453,476]" class="Chromadorea" family="Heligmosomidae" genus="Flannerystrongylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="chisholmae">Flannerystrongylus chisholmae</taxonomicName>
:
</emphasis>
on the male section (
<figureCitation id="137F2A6DFF99FFDE2717FE05FF46FE76" box="[122,205,483,506]" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="23.[113,180,1883,1904]" captionTargetBox="[151,1437,238,1858]" captionTargetId="figure-1@23.[151,1437,238,1858]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="Figure 9. Genus Flannerystrongylus Smales, 2019. Body sections. A–C Flannerystrongylus abulus Smales, 2019. A, A’ within proximal body, female. B, C at midbody. B male, C female. D–E’ Flannerystrongylus chisholmae Smales, 2020. D–E’ at midbody. D, D’ male. E, E’ female. Abbreviation: cu, cuticle. Sources: A–C redrawn from [42]; D, E redrawn from [43]. A’, B’, D’, E’: modified figures: A’ rotation clockwise, re-numbering of ridges with respect to the original. B’ rotation clockwise. D’, E’ addition of external cuticular lining. D’ re-numbering of ridges." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12628866" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12628866/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Fig. 9D</figureCitation>
) ridge
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[
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] is in fact ridge 8, and ridge
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[
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] becomes ridge 9 (
<figureCitation id="137F2A6DFF99FFDE2609FDE4FE36FD95" box="[356,445,513,537]" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="23.[113,180,1883,1904]" captionTargetBox="[151,1437,238,1858]" captionTargetId="figure-1@23.[151,1437,238,1858]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="Figure 9. Genus Flannerystrongylus Smales, 2019. Body sections. A–C Flannerystrongylus abulus Smales, 2019. A, A’ within proximal body, female. B, C at midbody. B male, C female. D–E’ Flannerystrongylus chisholmae Smales, 2020. D–E’ at midbody. D, D’ male. E, E’ female. Abbreviation: cu, cuticle. Sources: A–C redrawn from [42]; D, E redrawn from [43]. A’, B’, D’, E’: modified figures: A’ rotation clockwise, re-numbering of ridges with respect to the original. B’ rotation clockwise. D’, E’ addition of external cuticular lining. D’ re-numbering of ridges." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12628866" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12628866/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Fig. 9D’</figureCitation>
). In both sections the external lining of the cuticle must be added (
<figureCitation id="137F2A6DFF99FFDE269FFDC6FDDEFDBB" box="[498,597,543,567]" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="23.[113,180,1883,1904]" captionTargetBox="[151,1437,238,1858]" captionTargetId="figure-1@23.[151,1437,238,1858]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="Figure 9. Genus Flannerystrongylus Smales, 2019. Body sections. A–C Flannerystrongylus abulus Smales, 2019. A, A’ within proximal body, female. B, C at midbody. B male, C female. D–E’ Flannerystrongylus chisholmae Smales, 2020. D–E’ at midbody. D, D’ male. E, E’ female. Abbreviation: cu, cuticle. Sources: A–C redrawn from [42]; D, E redrawn from [43]. A’, B’, D’, E’: modified figures: A’ rotation clockwise, re-numbering of ridges with respect to the original. B’ rotation clockwise. D’, E’ addition of external cuticular lining. D’ re-numbering of ridges." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12628866" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12628866/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Figs. 9D’</figureCitation>
and 9E’).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF99FFDE27F4FDD9FD3DFD1F" blockId="24.[113,768,238,965]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">In both species, at midbody, an axis of orientation of the ridges cannot be identified in any of the sections because most ridges are oriented perpendicularly to the body surface.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF99FFDE27F4FD7CFD6FFC48" blockId="24.[113,768,238,965]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
In her comments, Smales [
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] gives a rather detailed differential diagnosis against 41 genera from the Sahul region and
<collectingCountry id="F3537678FF99FFDE271CFD31FF44FD62" box="[113,207,727,750]" name="Malaysia" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Malaysia</collectingCountry>
pointing that
<taxonomicName id="4C444D6BFF99FFDE2605FD3EFDBAFD63" authorityName="Smales" authorityYear="2019" box="[360,561,728,751]" class="Chromadorea" family="Heligmosomidae" genus="Flannerystrongylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF99FFDE2605FD3EFDBAFD63" box="[360,561,728,751]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Flannerystrongylus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is characterized by the absence of a gradient in ridge size and by a regular spacing of the ridges, this latter character being relatively rare in this group of Australasian genera. Both elements, subequal ridges and spaced regularly are found in the genus
<taxonomicName id="4C444D6BFF99FFDE255EFCB4FD23FCE5" box="[563,680,850,873]" class="Chromadorea" family="Heligmosomidae" genus="Equilophos" higherTaxonomySource="CoL,GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF99FFDE255EFCB4FD23FCE5" box="[563,680,850,873]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Equilophos</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, considered by Smales [
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] as the most related morphologically, differing mainly from
<taxonomicName id="4C444D6BFF99FFDE2644FC69FE79FC2A" authorityName="Smales" authorityYear="2019" box="[297,498,911,934]" class="Chromadorea" family="Heligmosomidae" genus="Flannerystrongylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF99FFDE2644FC69FE79FC2A" box="[297,498,911,934]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Flannerystrongylus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by the number of ridges (more than
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vs.
</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF99FFDE2561FC48FD5FFC49" box="[524,724,942,965]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Flannerystrongylus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF99FFDE271CFC10FE8BFB86" blockId="24.[113,768,1014,2043]" box="[113,256,1014,1034]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF99FFDE271CFC10FE8BFB86" bold="true" box="[113,256,1014,1034]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">3.9.2.2 Bursa</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF99FFDE27F4FBF4FE13FA14" blockId="24.[113,768,1014,2043]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF99FFDE27F4FBF4FE3DFBA5" box="[153,438,1042,1065]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
<taxonomicName id="4C444D6BFF99FFDE27F4FBF4FE3BFBA5" authorityName="Smales" authorityYear="2019" box="[153,432,1042,1065]" class="Chromadorea" family="Heligmosomidae" genus="Flannerystrongylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="abulus">Flannerystrongylus abulus</taxonomicName>
:
</emphasis>
the positions of Figures 12 and
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[
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] do not follow the rules generally agreed in Zoology,
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF99FFDE271CFBB6FF1BFBEB" box="[113,144,1104,1127]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">i.e.</emphasis>
, that the animal should be drawn with the proximal part to the top of the page, which makes the comparison with other species easier. The expressions “left lateral view” or “right lateral view” concerning the bursa are ambiguous since they may actually refer to either lateral lobe (left or right) on either of their two surfaces (dorsal or ventral). It is based on the curvature of the lateral rays that we deduce that Figure 12 corresponds to the left lobe in ventral view and Figure 15 to the right lobe also in ventral view. From the written description, Figure
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[
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] is in dorsal view since the left ray 8 is said to be larger than the right one.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF99FFDE27F4FA79FD3AF927" blockId="24.[113,768,1014,2043]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Judging from the figures, there are three different arrangements of rays 8 with respect to the dorsal ray and the lateral lobes: (1) that on Figure 12, with left ray 8 diverging from the common trunk of rays 2-6; (2) that on Figure 14, with left ray 8 curved diverging from the dorsal ray just above the division of this latter and completely separated from ray 6, right ray 8 strongly curved, touching distally the right branch of the dorsal ray; (3) that on Figure 15, with right ray 8 not strongly curved, distant from the right branch of the dorsal ray.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF99FFDE27F4F954FD19F813" blockId="24.[113,768,1014,2043]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
Figure 14 matches the written description, whereas Figures 12 and 15, for different reasons, do not. We are not able to know if Figure 12 corresponds to another
<typeStatus id="54FF884AFF99FFDE250CF916FD05F88B" box="[609,654,1776,1799]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">type</typeStatus>
of bursa, because the description provided is insufficient. The same observation applies to Figure 15, in which, for instance, the divergence of rays 2 and 3 is not observed. This may imply the presence of two or three different species among the
<typeStatus id="54FF884AFF99FFDE25BEF88CFC8BF80D" box="[723,768,1898,1921]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">type</typeStatus>
material. These bursae have a pattern of
<typeStatus id="54FF884AFF99FFDE2572F86EFDC0F813" box="[543,587,1928,1951]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">type</typeStatus>
2-2-1.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF99FFDE27F4F841FC7FFE31" blockId="24.[113,768,1014,2043]" lastBlockId="24.[813,1468,239,445]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF99FFDE27F4F841FE7AF832" box="[153,497,1959,1982]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
<taxonomicName id="4C444D6BFF99FFDE27F4F841FE60F832" authorityName="Smales" authorityYear="2020" box="[153,491,1959,1982]" class="Chromadorea" family="Heligmosomidae" genus="Flannerystrongylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="chisholmae">Flannerystrongylus chisholmae</taxonomicName>
:
</emphasis>
despite the incomplete description of the bursa, the pattern is clearly 1-4 on both lobes. On the left lobe, ray 3 diverges proximally to ray 6, this latter being joined to rays 4 and 5 up to their extremities. On the right lobe, rays 3 and 6 diverge at the same level from the common trunk of rays 3-6 and rays 4 and 5 are joined up to their extremities. In [
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], Figure N shows the right ray 6 much shorter than right rays 4 and 5, in contradiction with the written description. Figures G and L match the written description, whereas Figure N does not.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF99FFDE2440FE07FC6FFE7A" blockId="24.[813,996,481,502]" box="[813,996,481,502]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF99FFDE2440FE07FC6FFE7A" bold="true" box="[813,996,481,502]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">3.9.3 Conclusion</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF99FFDE2438FDFCFC2EFD64" blockId="24.[813,1467,538,744]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
In view of the very brief written description, the many problems with the illustrations of the synlophe, and the contradictory illustrations of the bursa,
<taxonomicName id="4C444D6BFF99FFDE23E6FDB1FA2AFDE2" authorityName="Smales" authorityYear="2019" box="[1163,1441,599,622]" class="Chromadorea" family="Heligmosomidae" genus="Flannerystrongylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="abulus">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF99FFDE23E6FDB1FA2AFDE2" box="[1163,1441,599,622]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Flannerystrongylus abulus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is considered a
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF99FFDE24DAFD90FBF2FD01" box="[951,1145,630,653]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">species inquirenda</emphasis>
and, consequently,
<taxonomicName id="4C444D6BFF99FFDE2227FD90FC05FD27" authorityName="Smales" authorityYear="2019" class="Chromadorea" family="Heligmosomidae" genus="Flannerystrongylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF99FFDE2227FD90FC05FD27" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Flannerystrongylus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
a
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF99FFDE24C8FD72FBE1FD27" box="[933,1130,660,683]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">genus inquirendum</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="4C444D6BFF99FFDE231AFD72FA30FD27" authorityName="Smales" authorityYear="2020" box="[1143,1467,660,683]" class="Chromadorea" family="Heligmosomidae" genus="Flannerystrongylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="chisholmae">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF99FFDE231AFD72FA30FD27" box="[1143,1467,660,683]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Flannerystrongylus chisholmae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is also considered a
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF99FFDE2367FD55FB45FD46" box="[1034,1230,691,714]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">species inquirenda</emphasis>
due to its insufficient description.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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3.10 Genus
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<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF99FFDE24ABFCF9FBFBFCB4" bold="true" box="[966,1136,799,824]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">HELGENEMA</emphasis>
Smales, 2020
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(
<figureCitation id="137F2A6DFF99FFDE225EFCF9FA03FCB4" box="[1331,1416,799,824]" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="25.[113,180,1664,1685]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,238,1636]" captionTargetId="figure-136@25.[151,1437,238,1636]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Figure 10. Genus Helgenema Smales, 2020. Body sections. A–C’ Helgenema keablei. A, A’ within proximal body, female. B–C’ at midbody. B, B’, male. C, C’ female. D–F’ Helgenema lamia Smales, 2021. D within proximal body, male. E–F’ at midbody. E, E’ male, F, F’, female. Sources: A–C redrawn from [43]. D–F redrawn from [44]. A’–C’, E’, F’ modified sections: A’ reversed on its frontal axis with respect to the original, B’ reversed on frontal axis then rotated ca. 15° clockwise with respect to the original. C’, E’, F’ re-numbering of ridges." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12628868" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12628868/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
)
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species:
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<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF99FFDE249CFCB3FB32FCE0" box="[1009,1209,853,876]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Helgenema keablei</emphasis>
Smales, 2020
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.
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<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF99FFDE2438FC95FB72FC06" blockId="24.[813,1468,853,1212]" box="[853,1273,883,907]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF99FFDE2438FC95FC11FC07" bold="true" box="[853,922,883,907]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Hosts:</emphasis>
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, Uromyinae (
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).
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<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF99FFDE2438FC74FC36FC26" bold="true" box="[853,957,914,938]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Host site:</emphasis>
small intestine.
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<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF99FFDE2438FC56FC6AFC44" bold="true" box="[853,993,944,968]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Distribution:</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="F3537678FF99FFDE2487FC57FB32FC44" box="[1002,1209,945,968]" name="Papua New Guinea" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Papua New Guinea</collectingCountry>
.
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<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF99FFDE2438FC29FC79FC6B" bold="true" box="[853,1010,975,999]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Other species:</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C444D6BFF99FFDE2497FC29FAC0FC6A" authority="Smales, 2021" authorityName="Smales" authorityYear="2021" box="[1018,1355,975,998]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Helgenema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lamia">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF99FFDE2497FC29FB38FC6A" box="[1018,1203,975,998]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Helgenema lamia</emphasis>
Smales, 2021
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.
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<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF99FFDE2438FC0BFBA7FB89" bold="true" box="[853,1068,1005,1029]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Original diagnosis:</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF99FFDE2355FC08FCFEFB30" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
<taxonomicName id="4C444D6BFF99FFDE2355FC08FB6EFB89" authorityName="Skrjabin &amp; Schikobalova" authorityYear="1952" box="[1080,1253,1006,1029]" class="Chromadorea" family="Heligmonellidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Nematoda" rank="family">Heligmonellidae</taxonomicName>
, Nippostrongylinae. Synlophe well developed with 11-15 pointed longitudinal continuous ridges. Cuticle with dilatation on left side supported anteriorly by large left dorso-lateral ridge. Axis of orientation sub frontal. Bursal pattern 2-3. Dorsal ray divided within distal half. Spicule to body length ratio 7.2%. Parasites of uromyin murids
</emphasis>
[
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].
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3.10.1.1
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C’)
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</subSubSection>
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<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF99FFDE2440FAA1FACFFA58" blockId="24.[813,1467,1351,2042]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF99FFDE2440FAA1FC0FFAF4" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
3.10.1.1.1 Synlophe (based on sections from
<specimenCount id="9D42FD61FF99FFDE2395FAA1FAD6FAD0" box="[1272,1373,1351,1372]" count="2" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" type="male">two males</specimenCount>
and
<specimenCount id="9D42FD61FF99FFDE22F5FAA1FCF2FAF4" count="2" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" type="female">two females</specimenCount>
).
</emphasis>
Sections analyzed herein are within proximal body: female (
<figureCitation id="137F2A6DFF99FFDE24D3FA66FB8CFA1B" box="[958,1031,1408,1431]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="10.[113,180,1657,1678]" captionTargetBox="[151,1438,238,1616]" captionTargetId="figure-2@10.[151,1439,238,1616]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 3a. Montistrongylus Smales &amp; Heinrich, 2010. Body sections. A–D’ Montistrongylus ingati Smales &amp; Heinrich, 2010. A–B’ within proximal body. A male, B, B’ female. C–D’ at midbody. C male, D, D’ female. E–H’ Montistrongylus giluwensis Smales, 2011. E, F within proximal body. E male, F female. G–H’ at midbody. G, G’ male, H, H’ female. Sources: A, D redrawn from [45]; E–H redrawn from [33]. B’, D’, G’, H’ modified figures: B’ rotated ca. 75° counterclockwise with respect of the original. D’–H’ reinterpreted orientation of the axis (subfrontal). G’ reversed on its frontal axis then rotated 30° clockwise with respect to the original. H’ rotated ca. 10–20° counterclockwise with respect to the original." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12628848" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12628848/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Fig. 3B</figureCitation>
/10A) and at midbody: male (
<figureCitation id="137F2A6DFF99FFDE2258FA66FA0AFA1B" box="[1333,1409,1408,1431]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="10.[113,180,1657,1678]" captionTargetBox="[151,1438,238,1616]" captionTargetId="figure-2@10.[151,1439,238,1616]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 3a. Montistrongylus Smales &amp; Heinrich, 2010. Body sections. A–D’ Montistrongylus ingati Smales &amp; Heinrich, 2010. A–B’ within proximal body. A male, B, B’ female. C–D’ at midbody. C male, D, D’ female. E–H’ Montistrongylus giluwensis Smales, 2011. E, F within proximal body. E male, F female. G–H’ at midbody. G, G’ male, H, H’ female. Sources: A, D redrawn from [45]; E–H redrawn from [33]. B’, D’, G’, H’ modified figures: B’ rotated ca. 75° counterclockwise with respect of the original. D’–H’ reinterpreted orientation of the axis (subfrontal). G’ reversed on its frontal axis then rotated 30° clockwise with respect to the original. H’ rotated ca. 10–20° counterclockwise with respect to the original." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12628848" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12628848/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Fig. 3A</figureCitation>
/10B) and female (
<figureCitation id="137F2A6DFF99FFDE24A1FA78FBACFA39" box="[972,1063,1438,1461]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="10.[113,180,1657,1678]" captionTargetBox="[151,1438,238,1616]" captionTargetId="figure-2@10.[151,1439,238,1616]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 3a. Montistrongylus Smales &amp; Heinrich, 2010. Body sections. A–D’ Montistrongylus ingati Smales &amp; Heinrich, 2010. A–B’ within proximal body. A male, B, B’ female. C–D’ at midbody. C male, D, D’ female. E–H’ Montistrongylus giluwensis Smales, 2011. E, F within proximal body. E male, F female. G–H’ at midbody. G, G’ male, H, H’ female. Sources: A, D redrawn from [45]; E–H redrawn from [33]. B’, D’, G’, H’ modified figures: B’ rotated ca. 75° counterclockwise with respect of the original. D’–H’ reinterpreted orientation of the axis (subfrontal). G’ reversed on its frontal axis then rotated 30° clockwise with respect to the original. H’ rotated ca. 10–20° counterclockwise with respect to the original." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12628848" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12628848/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Fig. 3E</figureCitation>
/10C). Lateral cords illustrated in
<figureCitation id="137F2A6DFF99FFDE2440FA5BFC18FA58" box="[813,915,1469,1492]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="10.[113,180,1657,1678]" captionTargetBox="[151,1438,238,1616]" captionTargetId="figure-2@10.[151,1439,238,1616]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 3a. Montistrongylus Smales &amp; Heinrich, 2010. Body sections. A–D’ Montistrongylus ingati Smales &amp; Heinrich, 2010. A–B’ within proximal body. A male, B, B’ female. C–D’ at midbody. C male, D, D’ female. E–H’ Montistrongylus giluwensis Smales, 2011. E, F within proximal body. E male, F female. G–H’ at midbody. G, G’ male, H, H’ female. Sources: A, D redrawn from [45]; E–H redrawn from [33]. B’, D’, G’, H’ modified figures: B’ rotated ca. 75° counterclockwise with respect of the original. D’–H’ reinterpreted orientation of the axis (subfrontal). G’ reversed on its frontal axis then rotated 30° clockwise with respect to the original. H’ rotated ca. 10–20° counterclockwise with respect to the original." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12628848" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12628848/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Figure 3E</figureCitation>
/10B, ridges numbered in
<figureCitation id="137F2A6DFF99FFDE23C9FA5BFA81FA58" box="[1188,1290,1469,1492]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="10.[113,180,1657,1678]" captionTargetBox="[151,1438,238,1616]" captionTargetId="figure-2@10.[151,1439,238,1616]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 3a. Montistrongylus Smales &amp; Heinrich, 2010. Body sections. A–D’ Montistrongylus ingati Smales &amp; Heinrich, 2010. A–B’ within proximal body. A male, B, B’ female. C–D’ at midbody. C male, D, D’ female. E–H’ Montistrongylus giluwensis Smales, 2011. E, F within proximal body. E male, F female. G–H’ at midbody. G, G’ male, H, H’ female. Sources: A, D redrawn from [45]; E–H redrawn from [33]. B’, D’, G’, H’ modified figures: B’ rotated ca. 75° counterclockwise with respect of the original. D’–H’ reinterpreted orientation of the axis (subfrontal). G’ reversed on its frontal axis then rotated 30° clockwise with respect to the original. H’ rotated ca. 10–20° counterclockwise with respect to the original." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12628848" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12628848/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Figure 3E</figureCitation>
/10C.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF99FFDE2438FA3AFBF9F99D" blockId="24.[813,1467,1351,2042]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
In all sections, careen absent. Axis of orientation of ridges described as subfrontal in [
<bibRefCitation id="EFD54B19FF99FFDE2327FA1CFBEFF99D" author="Smales LR" box="[1098,1124,1530,1553]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="544 - 572" refId="ref30173" refString="43. Smales LR. 2020. Gastrointestinal nematodes of Paramelomys levipes and P. mollis (Rodentia: Muridae) from Papua Indonesia and Papua Guinea and the descriptions of three new genera and nine new species (Nematoda). Zootaxa, 4861, 544 - 572." type="journal article" year="2020">43</bibRefCitation>
].
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF99FFDE2438F9FFFC01F889" blockId="24.[813,1467,1351,2042]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF99FFDE2438F9FFFBCEF9BC" box="[853,1093,1561,1584]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Within proximal body:</emphasis>
in
<figureCitation id="137F2A6DFF99FFDE2300F9FFFB6CF9BC" box="[1133,1255,1561,1584]" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="25.[113,180,1664,1685]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,238,1636]" captionTargetId="figure-136@25.[151,1437,238,1636]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Figure 10. Genus Helgenema Smales, 2020. Body sections. A–C’ Helgenema keablei. A, A’ within proximal body, female. B–C’ at midbody. B, B’, male. C, C’ female. D–F’ Helgenema lamia Smales, 2021. D within proximal body, male. E–F’ at midbody. E, E’ male, F, F’, female. Sources: A–C redrawn from [43]. D–F redrawn from [44]. A’–C’, E’, F’ modified sections: A’ reversed on its frontal axis with respect to the original, B’ reversed on frontal axis then rotated ca. 15° clockwise with respect to the original. C’, E’, F’ re-numbering of ridges." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12628868" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12628868/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Figure 10A</figureCitation>
(female), 11 ridges irregularly spaced, clearly separated into two groups (6 dorsal, 5 ventral) by two lateral gaps, one left- ventral, one mid-right (arrowheads); ridges small and subequal except left ridge, large, oriented towards ventral side; most ridges within each group disparately oriented; within section, two structures resembling excretory glands figured dorsally with respect to intestine.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF99FFDE2438F8EBFAE7F812" blockId="24.[813,1467,1351,2042]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF99FFDE2438F8EBFC51F8A8" box="[853,986,1805,1828]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">At midbody:</emphasis>
in
<figureCitation id="137F2A6DFF99FFDE2365F8EBFB08F8A8" box="[1032,1155,1805,1828]" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="25.[113,180,1664,1685]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,238,1636]" captionTargetId="figure-136@25.[151,1437,238,1636]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Figure 10. Genus Helgenema Smales, 2020. Body sections. A–C’ Helgenema keablei. A, A’ within proximal body, female. B–C’ at midbody. B, B’, male. C, C’ female. D–F’ Helgenema lamia Smales, 2021. D within proximal body, male. E–F’ at midbody. E, E’ male, F, F’, female. Sources: A–C redrawn from [43]. D–F redrawn from [44]. A’–C’, E’, F’ modified sections: A’ reversed on its frontal axis with respect to the original, B’ reversed on frontal axis then rotated ca. 15° clockwise with respect to the original. C’, E’, F’ re-numbering of ridges." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12628868" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12628868/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Figure 10B</figureCitation>
(male), 13 ridges, regularly spaced and unequal in size; in front of left lateral cord, large ridge oriented towards ventral side and convergent with ridge ventrally adjacent (curved arrows), supporting small cuticular dilatation; remaining ridges small, disparately oriented.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF99FFDF2438F840FF49F80F" blockId="24.[813,1467,1351,2042]" lastBlockId="25.[113,768,1839,1923]" lastPageId="25" lastPageNumber="26" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
<figureCitation id="137F2A6DFF99FFDE2438F840FC5AF831" box="[853,977,1958,1981]" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="25.[113,180,1664,1685]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,238,1636]" captionTargetId="figure-136@25.[151,1437,238,1636]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Figure 10. Genus Helgenema Smales, 2020. Body sections. A–C’ Helgenema keablei. A, A’ within proximal body, female. B–C’ at midbody. B, B’, male. C, C’ female. D–F’ Helgenema lamia Smales, 2021. D within proximal body, male. E–F’ at midbody. E, E’ male, F, F’, female. Sources: A–C redrawn from [43]. D–F redrawn from [44]. A’–C’, E’, F’ modified sections: A’ reversed on its frontal axis with respect to the original, B’ reversed on frontal axis then rotated ca. 15° clockwise with respect to the original. C’, E’, F’ re-numbering of ridges." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12628868" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12628868/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Figure 10C</figureCitation>
(female): 15 ridges regularly spaced, subequal in size and small, including ridges 1’ and 1; ridges numbered from 1 to 7 dorsally and from 1’ to 8’ ventrally; ridges numbered as 1 and 2 apparently convergent (curved arrows), most of remaining ridges perpendicular to body surface.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF3B6660FF98FFDF271CF966FAE8F965" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12628868" ID-Zenodo-Dep="12628868" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12628868/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" startId="25.[113,180,1664,1685]" targetBox="[151,1436,238,1636]" targetPageId="25" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF98FFDF271CF966FAE8F965" blockId="25.[113,1468,1664,1770]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF98FFDF271CF966FF53F919" bold="true" box="[113,216,1664,1685]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Figure 10.</emphasis>
Genus
<taxonomicName id="4C444D6BFF98FFDF264BF967FD90F91A" authority="Smales, 2020" authorityName="Smales" authorityYear="2020" box="[294,539,1665,1686]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Helgenema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF98FFDF264BF967FE19F91A" box="[294,402,1665,1686]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Helgenema</emphasis>
Smales, 2020
</taxonomicName>
. Body sections. A–C’
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF98FFDF2582F967FC27F91A" box="[751,940,1665,1686]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
<taxonomicName id="4C444D6BFF98FFDF2582F967FC23F91A" authorityName="Smales" authorityYear="2020" box="[751,936,1665,1686]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Helgenema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="keablei">Helgenema keablei</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
A, A’ within proximal body, female. B–C’ at midbody. B, B’, male. C, C’ female. D–F’
<taxonomicName id="4C444D6BFF98FFDF26C0F97BFD56F93D" authority="Smales, 2021" authorityName="Smales" authorityYear="2021" box="[429,733,1692,1714]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Helgenema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lamia">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF98FFDF26C0F97BFDDDF93E" box="[429,598,1693,1714]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Helgenema lamia</emphasis>
Smales, 2021
</taxonomicName>
. D within proximal body, male. E–F’ at midbody. E, E’ male, F, F’, female. Sources: A–C redrawn from [
<bibRefCitation id="EFD54B19FF98FFDF26E3F95EFE2DF941" author="Smales LR" box="[398,422,1720,1741]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" pagination="544 - 572" refId="ref30173" refString="43. Smales LR. 2020. Gastrointestinal nematodes of Paramelomys levipes and P. mollis (Rodentia: Muridae) from Papua Indonesia and Papua Guinea and the descriptions of three new genera and nine new species (Nematoda). Zootaxa, 4861, 544 - 572." type="journal article" year="2020">43</bibRefCitation>
]. D–F redrawn from [
<bibRefCitation id="EFD54B19FF98FFDF2511F95EFD1FF941" author="Smales LR" box="[636,660,1720,1741]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" pagination="60 - 76" refId="ref30223" refString="44. Smales LR. 2021. The gastrointestinal nematodes of Chiruromys forbsei (sic) Thomas and C. lamia (Thomas) (Rodentia: Muridae) with the description of a new species of Helgenema (Heligmonellidae) and a new species of Protospirura (Spiruridae) from Papua New Guinea. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Australia, 145, 60 - 76." type="journal article" year="2021">44</bibRefCitation>
]. A’–C’, E’, F’ modified sections: A’ reversed on its frontal axis with respect to the original, B’ reversed on frontal axis then rotated
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF98FFDF2522F932FDEEF965" box="[591,613,1748,1769]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">ca</emphasis>
. 15° clockwise with respect to the original. C’, E’, F’ re-numbering of ridges.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF98FFDF271CF84AFBE2F871" blockId="25.[113,768,1963,2044]" lastBlockId="25.[813,1467,1838,2045]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF98FFDF271CF84AFE07F851" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
3.10.1.1.2 Bursa (number of worms studied not specified, illustrated in [
<bibRefCitation id="EFD54B19FF98FFDF27F9F82EFF27F851" author="Smales LR" box="[148,172,1992,2013]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" pagination="544 - 572" refId="ref30173" refString="43. Smales LR. 2020. Gastrointestinal nematodes of Paramelomys levipes and P. mollis (Rodentia: Muridae) from Papua Indonesia and Papua Guinea and the descriptions of three new genera and nine new species (Nematoda). Zootaxa, 4861, 544 - 572." type="journal article" year="2020">43</bibRefCitation>
]:
<figureCitation id="137F2A6DFF98FFDF27AEF82EFE0BF851" box="[195,384,1992,2013]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="10.[113,180,1657,1678]" captionTargetBox="[151,1438,238,1616]" captionTargetId="figure-2@10.[151,1439,238,1616]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 3a. Montistrongylus Smales &amp; Heinrich, 2010. Body sections. A–D’ Montistrongylus ingati Smales &amp; Heinrich, 2010. A–B’ within proximal body. A male, B, B’ female. C–D’ at midbody. C male, D, D’ female. E–H’ Montistrongylus giluwensis Smales, 2011. E, F within proximal body. E male, F female. G–H’ at midbody. G, G’ male, H, H’ female. Sources: A, D redrawn from [45]; E–H redrawn from [33]. B’, D’, G’, H’ modified figures: B’ rotated ca. 75° counterclockwise with respect of the original. D’–H’ reinterpreted orientation of the axis (subfrontal). G’ reversed on its frontal axis then rotated 30° clockwise with respect to the original. H’ rotated ca. 10–20° counterclockwise with respect to the original." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12628848" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12628848/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Figs. 3I, 3J and 3K</figureCitation>
).
</emphasis>
<figureCitation id="137F2A6DFF98FFDF26F4F820FE77F851" box="[409,508,1990,2013]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="10.[113,180,1657,1678]" captionTargetBox="[151,1438,238,1616]" captionTargetId="figure-2@10.[151,1439,238,1616]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 3a. Montistrongylus Smales &amp; Heinrich, 2010. Body sections. A–D’ Montistrongylus ingati Smales &amp; Heinrich, 2010. A–B’ within proximal body. A male, B, B’ female. C–D’ at midbody. C male, D, D’ female. E–H’ Montistrongylus giluwensis Smales, 2011. E, F within proximal body. E male, F female. G–H’ at midbody. G, G’ male, H, H’ female. Sources: A, D redrawn from [45]; E–H redrawn from [33]. B’, D’, G’, H’ modified figures: B’ rotated ca. 75° counterclockwise with respect of the original. D’–H’ reinterpreted orientation of the axis (subfrontal). G’ reversed on its frontal axis then rotated 30° clockwise with respect to the original. H’ rotated ca. 10–20° counterclockwise with respect to the original." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12628848" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12628848/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Figure 3I</figureCitation>
: left lobe, orientation not specified, with no link to left ray 8.
<figureCitation id="137F2A6DFF98FFDF2566F802FDF9F877" box="[523,626,2020,2043]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="10.[113,180,1657,1678]" captionTargetBox="[151,1438,238,1616]" captionTargetId="figure-2@10.[151,1439,238,1616]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 3a. Montistrongylus Smales &amp; Heinrich, 2010. Body sections. A–D’ Montistrongylus ingati Smales &amp; Heinrich, 2010. A–B’ within proximal body. A male, B, B’ female. C–D’ at midbody. C male, D, D’ female. E–H’ Montistrongylus giluwensis Smales, 2011. E, F within proximal body. E male, F female. G–H’ at midbody. G, G’ male, H, H’ female. Sources: A, D redrawn from [45]; E–H redrawn from [33]. B’, D’, G’, H’ modified figures: B’ rotated ca. 75° counterclockwise with respect of the original. D’–H’ reinterpreted orientation of the axis (subfrontal). G’ reversed on its frontal axis then rotated 30° clockwise with respect to the original. H’ rotated ca. 10–20° counterclockwise with respect to the original." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12628848" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12628848/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Figure 3J</figureCitation>
, dorsal lobe, orientation not specified with no link to rays 6, rays 8 arising just proximally to division of dorsal ray and reaching level of extremities of this latter.
<figureCitation id="137F2A6DFF98FFDF2359F88AFB28F80F" box="[1076,1187,1900,1923]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="10.[113,180,1657,1678]" captionTargetBox="[151,1438,238,1616]" captionTargetId="figure-2@10.[151,1439,238,1616]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 3a. Montistrongylus Smales &amp; Heinrich, 2010. Body sections. A–D’ Montistrongylus ingati Smales &amp; Heinrich, 2010. A–B’ within proximal body. A male, B, B’ female. C–D’ at midbody. C male, D, D’ female. E–H’ Montistrongylus giluwensis Smales, 2011. E, F within proximal body. E male, F female. G–H’ at midbody. G, G’ male, H, H’ female. Sources: A, D redrawn from [45]; E–H redrawn from [33]. B’, D’, G’, H’ modified figures: B’ rotated ca. 75° counterclockwise with respect of the original. D’–H’ reinterpreted orientation of the axis (subfrontal). G’ reversed on its frontal axis then rotated 30° clockwise with respect to the original. H’ rotated ca. 10–20° counterclockwise with respect to the original." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12628848" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12628848/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Figure 3K</figureCitation>
: right lobe, orientation not specified, with no link with right ray 8. From the written description [
<bibRefCitation id="EFD54B19FF98FFDF24C0F84FFC4CF84C" author="Smales LR" box="[941,967,1961,1984]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" pagination="544 - 572" refId="ref30173" refString="43. Smales LR. 2020. Gastrointestinal nematodes of Paramelomys levipes and P. mollis (Rodentia: Muridae) from Papua Indonesia and Papua Guinea and the descriptions of three new genera and nine new species (Nematoda). Zootaxa, 4861, 544 - 572." type="journal article" year="2020">43</bibRefCitation>
] rays 8 not described, rays 4-6 about same size, reaching margin of bursa, bursa dissymmetrical with left lobe larger and pattern of
<typeStatus id="54FF884AFF98FFDF2366F800FBBCF871" box="[1035,1079,2022,2045]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">type</typeStatus>
2-3.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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<document id="EB24347A3AA5C4E3A005BFE619E6786F" ID-DOI="10.1051/parasite/2023058" ID-ISSN="1776-1042" ID-PMC="PMC10732140" ID-PubMed="38117273" ID-Zenodo-Dep="12628842" ID-ZooBank="DC25665A-E218-496B-974E-B813F69395E5" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="guilherme" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="guilherme" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="guilherme" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="GgImagineBatch,operationResults" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="guilherme" IM.treatments_approvedBy="guilherme" checkinTime="1719954839333" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Durette-Desset, Marie-Claude &amp; Digiani, María Celina" docDate="2023" docId="03ED87FEFF9AFFDB271CF99EFE1AF92C" docLanguage="en" docName="Parasite.30.63.pdf" docOrigin="Parasite (Paris, France) 30 (63)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/parasite/2023058" docStyle="DocumentStyle:A40D95A4C09C797DBB807E438D2BF437.2:Parasite.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="A40D95A4C09C797DBB807E438D2BF437" docStyleName="Parasite.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="2" docTitle="Paramelomystrongylus dessetae Smales 2020" docType="treatment" docVersion="1" lastPageNumber="30" masterDocId="FFD4FF86FF81FFC6276DFFE6FF8BFF8C" masterDocTitle="Revision of the genera of Heligmonellidae (Nematoda, Heligmosomoidea), parasitic in Muridae from New Guinea" masterLastPageNumber="34" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="28" updateTime="1728046454050" updateUser="guilherme" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:title id="C788FCB4F4112CEFFFC95B254388DDDD">Revision of the genera of Heligmonellidae (Nematoda, Heligmosomoidea), parasitic in Muridae from New Guinea</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="F40309AC7970094CFB65D99AC6E634EB">Durette-Desset, Marie-Claude</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="65BDFF185BCC666E2044B2F5C5B0CC94">Institut de Systématique, Évolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB), Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, CNRS, Sorbonne Université,</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="B89018B7885D768EF8794B1B2E3A3B7E">Digiani, María Celina</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="41E54999ABDFE41684D1A460D2CDA5E0">CONICET-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Argentina &amp; División Zoología Invertebrados, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, Universidad Nacional de La Plata,</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="1C5A9544AE8EA7E2D23B995EB779AF54">Parasite</mods:title>
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<treatment id="03ED87FEFF9AFFDB271CF99EFE1AF92C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03ED87FEFF9AFFDB271CF99EFE1AF92C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03ED87FEFF9AFFDB271CF99EFE1AF92C" lastPageId="29" lastPageNumber="30" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
<subSubSection id="C35E6563FF9AFFDD271CF99EFD90F924" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF9AFFDD271CF99EFD90F924" blockId="27.[113,673,1656,1704]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF9AFFDD271CF99EFD90F924" bold="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
3.11.1 Analysis of data and difficulties encountered
<taxonomicName id="4C444D6BFF9AFFDD27D7F972FD90F924" authority="Smales, 2020" authorityName="Smales" authorityYear="2020" box="[186,539,1684,1704]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Paramelomystrongylus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dessetae">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF9AFFDD27D7F972FD90F924" bold="true" box="[186,539,1684,1704]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Paramelomystrongylus dessetae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C35E6563FF9AFFDB271CF92BFE1AF92C" lastPageId="29" lastPageNumber="30" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF9AFFDD271CF92BFEAAF96D" blockId="27.[113,768,1740,2036]" box="[113,289,1740,1761]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
<heading id="D0B38184FF9AFFDD271CF92BFEAAF96D" box="[113,289,1740,1761]" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" reason="4">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF9AFFDD271CF92BFEAAF96D" bold="true" box="[113,289,1740,1761]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">3.11.1.1 General</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF9AFFDD27F4F90EFBB1FEA8" blockId="27.[113,768,1740,2036]" lastBlockId="27.[813,1466,239,292]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
There are two numbering mistakes in [
<bibRefCitation id="EFD54B19FF9AFFDD2540F90EFDCCF973" author="Smales LR" box="[557,583,1768,1791]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" pagination="544 - 572" refId="ref30173" refString="43. Smales LR. 2020. Gastrointestinal nematodes of Paramelomys levipes and P. mollis (Rodentia: Muridae) from Papua Indonesia and Papua Guinea and the descriptions of three new genera and nine new species (Nematoda). Zootaxa, 4861, 544 - 572." type="journal article" year="2020">43</bibRefCitation>
]. In
<figureCitation id="137F2A6DFF9AFFDD2517F90EFD5FF973" box="[634,724,1768,1791]" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="21.[113,180,1241,1262]" captionTargetBox="[151,1437,238,1211]" captionTargetId="figure-399@21.[151,1437,238,1211]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Figure 8. Genus Missimstrongylus Smales, 2018. A-A” Missimstrongylus oweni Smales, 2018, section at midbody, male. Source: A redrawn from [41]. A’, A” modified figures: A’ rotated 90° clockwise with respect to the original, A” further reversion of A’ on its frontal axis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12628862" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12628862/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Figure 8</figureCitation>
, the reference “D” is employed twice, whereas “G” is absent from the plate (though present in the Captions). We interpret therefore that captions E, F, G (which are successive in the Captions) correspond to body sections D, E and F, which are successive in the plate (proximal, mid-body and distal), respectively. On the other hand, caption “G” refers to a female “posterior section midbody transverse section”. We assume that it concerns a section within the distal part of the body. Due to this labelling confusion of the original, we only use herein our own numbering for the body sections.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF9AFFDD2440FEB0FBCAFE0A" blockId="27.[813,1467,342,1521]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF9AFFDD2440FEB0FAFFFEE6" bold="true" box="[813,1396,342,363]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
3.11.1.2 Synlophe (based on sections from
<specimenCount id="9D42FD61FF9AFFDD226BFEB0FAFFFEE6" box="[1286,1396,342,362]" count="2" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="male">two males</specimenCount>
</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF9AFFDD24E5FE94FBCAFE0A" bold="true" box="[904,1089,370,390]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
and
<specimenCount id="9D42FD61FF9AFFDD24D5FE94FBB2FE0A" box="[952,1081,370,390]" count="2" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="female">two females</specimenCount>
)
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF9AFFDD2438FE68FC1BFD93" blockId="27.[813,1467,342,1521]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
Sections analyzed herein are those within proximal body: female (
<figureCitation id="137F2A6DFF9AFFDD24ECFE4BFC57FE48" box="[897,988,429,452]" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="28.[113,180,1453,1474]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,238,1421]" captionTargetId="figure-272@28.[151,1437,238,1421]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="Figure 11. Genus Paramelomystrongylus Smales, 2020. Body sections. A–D’ Paramelomystrongylus dessetae Smales, 2020. A, A’ within proximal body, female. B at midbody, male. C, C’ within distal part, female. D, D’ at midbody, female. A, B, C: Synlophe of type I. D: Synlophe of type II. Source: A–D redrawn from [43]. A’, C’, D’ modified sections: A’, C’ numbering of ridges. D’ rotation clockwise and numbering of ridges with respect to the original." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12628870" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12628870/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Fig. 11A</figureCitation>
), and at midbody: male (
<figureCitation id="137F2A6DFF9AFFDD238DFE4BFAB1FE48" box="[1248,1338,429,452]" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="28.[113,180,1453,1474]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,238,1421]" captionTargetId="figure-272@28.[151,1437,238,1421]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="Figure 11. Genus Paramelomystrongylus Smales, 2020. Body sections. A–D’ Paramelomystrongylus dessetae Smales, 2020. A, A’ within proximal body, female. B at midbody, male. C, C’ within distal part, female. D, D’ at midbody, female. A, B, C: Synlophe of type I. D: Synlophe of type II. Source: A–D redrawn from [43]. A’, C’, D’ modified sections: A’, C’ numbering of ridges. D’ rotation clockwise and numbering of ridges with respect to the original." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12628870" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12628870/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Fig. 11B</figureCitation>
) and female (
<figureCitation id="137F2A6DFF9AFFDD2458FE2DFC1FFE6E" box="[821,916,459,482]" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="28.[113,180,1453,1474]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,238,1421]" captionTargetId="figure-272@28.[151,1437,238,1421]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="Figure 11. Genus Paramelomystrongylus Smales, 2020. Body sections. A–D’ Paramelomystrongylus dessetae Smales, 2020. A, A’ within proximal body, female. B at midbody, male. C, C’ within distal part, female. D, D’ at midbody, female. A, B, C: Synlophe of type I. D: Synlophe of type II. Source: A–D redrawn from [43]. A’, C’, D’ modified sections: A’, C’ numbering of ridges. D’ rotation clockwise and numbering of ridges with respect to the original." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12628870" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12628870/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Fig. 11D</figureCitation>
); within distal part of female (
<figureCitation id="137F2A6DFF9AFFDD23B0FE2DFAB1FE6E" box="[1245,1338,459,482]" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="28.[113,180,1453,1474]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,238,1421]" captionTargetId="figure-272@28.[151,1437,238,1421]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="Figure 11. Genus Paramelomystrongylus Smales, 2020. Body sections. A–D’ Paramelomystrongylus dessetae Smales, 2020. A, A’ within proximal body, female. B at midbody, male. C, C’ within distal part, female. D, D’ at midbody, female. A, B, C: Synlophe of type I. D: Synlophe of type II. Source: A–D redrawn from [43]. A’, C’, D’ modified sections: A’, C’ numbering of ridges. D’ rotation clockwise and numbering of ridges with respect to the original." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12628870" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12628870/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Fig. 11C</figureCitation>
). No lateral hypodermal cords shown in any section; ridges numbered in
<figureCitation id="137F2A6DFF9AFFDD2440FDEEFC02FD93" box="[813,905,520,543]" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="28.[113,180,1453,1474]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,238,1421]" captionTargetId="figure-272@28.[151,1437,238,1421]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="Figure 11. Genus Paramelomystrongylus Smales, 2020. Body sections. A–D’ Paramelomystrongylus dessetae Smales, 2020. A, A’ within proximal body, female. B at midbody, male. C, C’ within distal part, female. D, D’ at midbody, female. A, B, C: Synlophe of type I. D: Synlophe of type II. Source: A–D redrawn from [43]. A’, C’, D’ modified sections: A’, C’ numbering of ridges. D’ rotation clockwise and numbering of ridges with respect to the original." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12628870" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12628870/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Fig. 11B</figureCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF9AFFDD2438FDC1FA3FFD5B" blockId="27.[813,1467,342,1521]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
In all sections, careen present supported by two ridges of which ventral one largest. In
<figureCitation id="137F2A6DFF9AFFDD231BFDA3FAECFDD0" box="[1142,1383,581,604]" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="28.[113,180,1453,1474]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,238,1421]" captionTargetId="figure-272@28.[151,1437,238,1421]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="Figure 11. Genus Paramelomystrongylus Smales, 2020. Body sections. A–D’ Paramelomystrongylus dessetae Smales, 2020. A, A’ within proximal body, female. B at midbody, male. C, C’ within distal part, female. D, D’ at midbody, female. A, B, C: Synlophe of type I. D: Synlophe of type II. Source: A–D redrawn from [43]. A’, C’, D’ modified sections: A’, C’ numbering of ridges. D’ rotation clockwise and numbering of ridges with respect to the original." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12628870" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12628870/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Figures 11A and 11C</figureCitation>
ventral ridges exceed edge of external line of cuticle except ridge 2 of
<figureCitation id="137F2A6DFF9AFFDD2421FD64FC4FFD15" box="[844,964,642,665]" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="28.[113,180,1453,1474]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,238,1421]" captionTargetId="figure-272@28.[151,1437,238,1421]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="Figure 11. Genus Paramelomystrongylus Smales, 2020. Body sections. A–D’ Paramelomystrongylus dessetae Smales, 2020. A, A’ within proximal body, female. B at midbody, male. C, C’ within distal part, female. D, D’ at midbody, female. A, B, C: Synlophe of type I. D: Synlophe of type II. Source: A–D redrawn from [43]. A’, C’, D’ modified sections: A’, C’ numbering of ridges. D’ rotation clockwise and numbering of ridges with respect to the original." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12628870" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12628870/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Figure 11C</figureCitation>
which does not reach this latter. From Smales [
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], the dorsal ridges are continuous, the ventral ones discontinuous, and the axis of orientation is described as subfrontal.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF9AFFDD2438FD38FA8AFC20" blockId="27.[813,1467,342,1521]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF9AFFDD2438FD38FBB7FD79" box="[853,1084,734,757]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Within proximal body:</emphasis>
in
<figureCitation id="137F2A6DFF9AFFDD2331FD38FB5AFD79" box="[1116,1233,734,757]" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="28.[113,180,1453,1474]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,238,1421]" captionTargetId="figure-272@28.[151,1437,238,1421]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="Figure 11. Genus Paramelomystrongylus Smales, 2020. Body sections. A–D’ Paramelomystrongylus dessetae Smales, 2020. A, A’ within proximal body, female. B at midbody, male. C, C’ within distal part, female. D, D’ at midbody, female. A, B, C: Synlophe of type I. D: Synlophe of type II. Source: A–D redrawn from [43]. A’, C’, D’ modified sections: A’, C’ numbering of ridges. D’ rotation clockwise and numbering of ridges with respect to the original." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12628870" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12628870/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Figure 11A</figureCitation>
(first female section in [
<bibRefCitation id="EFD54B19FF9AFFDD2458FD1BFCC4FC98" author="Smales LR" box="[821,847,765,788]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" pagination="544 - 572" refId="ref30173" refString="43. Smales LR. 2020. Gastrointestinal nematodes of Paramelomys levipes and P. mollis (Rodentia: Muridae) from Papua Indonesia and Papua Guinea and the descriptions of three new genera and nine new species (Nematoda). Zootaxa, 4861, 544 - 572." type="journal article" year="2020">43</bibRefCitation>
]), 16 ridges; ridges irregularly spaced with four gaps: two on left side and two on right side (arrowheads); dorsal ridges medium- to small-sized, oriented from right to left; six ridges grouped mid-ventrally, regularly spaced, subequal and small, oriented from right to left. On right side, two divergent ridges (curved arrows), of which ventral one small.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF9AFFDD2438FC52FBCEFBE8" blockId="27.[813,1467,342,1521]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF9AFFDD2438FC52FC52FC47" box="[853,985,948,971]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">At midbody:</emphasis>
in
<figureCitation id="137F2A6DFF9AFFDD2369FC52FBF5FC47" box="[1028,1150,948,971]" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="28.[113,180,1453,1474]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,238,1421]" captionTargetId="figure-272@28.[151,1437,238,1421]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="Figure 11. Genus Paramelomystrongylus Smales, 2020. Body sections. A–D’ Paramelomystrongylus dessetae Smales, 2020. A, A’ within proximal body, female. B at midbody, male. C, C’ within distal part, female. D, D’ at midbody, female. A, B, C: Synlophe of type I. D: Synlophe of type II. Source: A–D redrawn from [43]. A’, C’, D’ modified sections: A’, C’ numbering of ridges. D’ rotation clockwise and numbering of ridges with respect to the original." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12628870" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12628870/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Figure 11B</figureCitation>
(male), 16 ridges irregularly spaced with two gaps, one on each side of careen (arrowheads); dorsal and ventral ridges small and regularly spaced, ventral ones more serried than dorsal ones. Ridge 10’ oriented perpendicularly to body surface. Ridges 6 and 9’ oriented in opposite directions (curved arrows).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF9AFFDD2438FB8DFA3DFB70" blockId="27.[813,1467,342,1521]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
<figureCitation id="137F2A6DFF9AFFDD2438FB8DFC58FB0E" box="[853,979,1131,1154]" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="28.[113,180,1453,1474]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,238,1421]" captionTargetId="figure-272@28.[151,1437,238,1421]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="Figure 11. Genus Paramelomystrongylus Smales, 2020. Body sections. A–D’ Paramelomystrongylus dessetae Smales, 2020. A, A’ within proximal body, female. B at midbody, male. C, C’ within distal part, female. D, D’ at midbody, female. A, B, C: Synlophe of type I. D: Synlophe of type II. Source: A–D redrawn from [43]. A’, C’, D’ modified sections: A’, C’ numbering of ridges. D’ rotation clockwise and numbering of ridges with respect to the original." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12628870" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12628870/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Figure 11D</figureCitation>
(second female section in [
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]): 18 ridges including careen. Presence of 2 large ridges opposite to careen, strongly directed ventrally and clearly diverging with respect to dorsal ridges (curved arrows). Remaining ridges small, regularly spaced, mainly oriented perpendicularly to body surface.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF9AFFDD2438FAE2FC09FA7D" blockId="27.[813,1467,342,1521]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF9AFFDD2438FAE2FB9DFA97" box="[853,1046,1284,1307]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Within distal body</emphasis>
: in
<figureCitation id="137F2A6DFF9AFFDD2329FAE2FB30FA97" box="[1092,1211,1284,1307]" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="28.[113,180,1453,1474]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,238,1421]" captionTargetId="figure-272@28.[151,1437,238,1421]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="Figure 11. Genus Paramelomystrongylus Smales, 2020. Body sections. A–D’ Paramelomystrongylus dessetae Smales, 2020. A, A’ within proximal body, female. B at midbody, male. C, C’ within distal part, female. D, D’ at midbody, female. A, B, C: Synlophe of type I. D: Synlophe of type II. Source: A–D redrawn from [43]. A’, C’, D’ modified sections: A’, C’ numbering of ridges. D’ rotation clockwise and numbering of ridges with respect to the original." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12628870" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12628870/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Figure 11C</figureCitation>
(third female section in [
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]), 15 ridges irregularly spaced with two gaps, one on each side of careen (arrowheads); dorsal and ventral ridges regularly spaced, dorsal ridges medium-sized, ventral ridges smaller and more serried than dorsal ones; presence of minute ridge at base of ventral ridge of careen (straight arrow). Opposite to careen, tips of two ridges pointing in opposite directions (curved arrows).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF9AFFDD2440F9C0FACEF9B6" blockId="27.[813,1467,1574,1808]" box="[813,1349,1574,1594]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF9AFFDD2440F9C0FACEF9B6" bold="true" box="[813,1349,1574,1594]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
3.11.1.3 Bursa (illustrated in [
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]:
<figureCitation id="137F2A6DFF9AFFDD23F0F9C0FAB6F9B6" box="[1181,1341,1574,1594]" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="21.[113,180,1241,1262]" captionTargetBox="[151,1437,238,1211]" captionTargetId="figure-399@21.[151,1437,238,1211]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Figure 8. Genus Missimstrongylus Smales, 2018. A-A” Missimstrongylus oweni Smales, 2018, section at midbody, male. Source: A redrawn from [41]. A’, A” modified figures: A’ rotated 90° clockwise with respect to the original, A” further reversion of A’ on its frontal axis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12628862" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12628862/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Figs. 8I, 8J, 8K</figureCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF9AFFDD2438F9A7FC23F89C" blockId="27.[813,1467,1574,1808]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
<figureCitation id="137F2A6DFF9AFFDD2438F9A7FC33F9D4" box="[853,952,1601,1624]" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="21.[113,180,1241,1262]" captionTargetBox="[151,1437,238,1211]" captionTargetId="figure-399@21.[151,1437,238,1211]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Figure 8. Genus Missimstrongylus Smales, 2018. A-A” Missimstrongylus oweni Smales, 2018, section at midbody, male. Source: A redrawn from [41]. A’, A” modified figures: A’ rotated 90° clockwise with respect to the original, A” further reversion of A’ on its frontal axis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12628862" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12628862/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Figure 8I</figureCitation>
, left lobe, orientation not specified, with no link with left ray 8, rays 2-6 illustrated.
<figureCitation id="137F2A6DFF9AFFDD23AEF986FAA0F9FB" box="[1219,1323,1632,1655]" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="21.[113,180,1241,1262]" captionTargetBox="[151,1437,238,1211]" captionTargetId="figure-399@21.[151,1437,238,1211]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Figure 8. Genus Missimstrongylus Smales, 2018. A-A” Missimstrongylus oweni Smales, 2018, section at midbody, male. Source: A redrawn from [41]. A’, A” modified figures: A’ rotated 90° clockwise with respect to the original, A” further reversion of A’ on its frontal axis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12628862" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12628862/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Figure 8J</figureCitation>
, dorsal lobe, orientation not specified, with no links to rays 6.
<figureCitation id="137F2A6DFF9AFFDD222AF999FA3DF91A" box="[1351,1462,1663,1686]" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="21.[113,180,1241,1262]" captionTargetBox="[151,1437,238,1211]" captionTargetId="figure-399@21.[151,1437,238,1211]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Figure 8. Genus Missimstrongylus Smales, 2018. A-A” Missimstrongylus oweni Smales, 2018, section at midbody, male. Source: A redrawn from [41]. A’, A” modified figures: A’ rotated 90° clockwise with respect to the original, A” further reversion of A’ on its frontal axis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12628862" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12628862/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Figure 8K</figureCitation>
, right lobe, orientation not specified, rays 2-6 and right ray 8 illustrated. From the text [
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], the bursa is dissymmetrical with left lobe larger, dorsal lobe is shorter than lateral ones, pattern of
<typeStatus id="54FF884AFF9AFFDD2426F91FFCF3F89C" box="[843,888,1785,1808]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">type</typeStatus>
2-3.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF9AFFDD2440F8D9FC62F8DF" blockId="27.[813,1001,1854,1875]" box="[813,1001,1854,1875]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF9AFFDD2440F8D9FC62F8DF" bold="true" box="[813,1001,1854,1875]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">3.11.2 Comments</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF9AFFDD2440F88EFC65F8F0" blockId="27.[813,1467,1895,2038]" box="[813,1006,1895,1916]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF9AFFDD2440F88EFC65F8F0" bold="true" box="[813,1006,1895,1916]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">3.11.2.1 Synlophe</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF9AFFDA2438F862FDC8F8AC" blockId="27.[813,1467,1895,2038]" lastBlockId="28.[113,768,1648,2038]" lastPageId="28" lastPageNumber="29" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
In all figures, the presence of a careen allows the numbering of the ridges (
<figureCitation id="137F2A6DFF9AFFDD24D4F844FBACF836" box="[953,1063,1954,1978]" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="28.[113,180,1453,1474]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,238,1421]" captionTargetId="figure-272@28.[151,1437,238,1421]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="Figure 11. Genus Paramelomystrongylus Smales, 2020. Body sections. A–D’ Paramelomystrongylus dessetae Smales, 2020. A, A’ within proximal body, female. B at midbody, male. C, C’ within distal part, female. D, D’ at midbody, female. A, B, C: Synlophe of type I. D: Synlophe of type II. Source: A–D redrawn from [43]. A’, C’, D’ modified sections: A’, C’ numbering of ridges. D’ rotation clockwise and numbering of ridges with respect to the original." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12628870" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12628870/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Figs. 11A’</figureCitation>
and 11C’). The presence of: (1) careen, (2) two groups of ridges (dorsal and ventral) pointing in opposite directions, and (3) right ridges with divergent tips, allow us to determine an axis of orientation that is the same in all sections. In the absence of the lateral cords as a reference, the inclination of this axis with respect to the sagittal axis remains uncertain. For the other characters, three sections are similar: female within proximal body (11A’), male at midbody (11B) and female within distal body (11C’).
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF3B6660FF9DFFDA271CFA4BFDC1F999" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12628870" ID-Zenodo-Dep="12628870" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12628870/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" startId="28.[113,180,1453,1474]" targetBox="[151,1436,238,1421]" targetPageId="28" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF9DFFDA271CFA4BFDC1F999" blockId="28.[113,1467,1452,1557]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF9DFFDA271CFA4BFF50FA4E" bold="true" box="[113,219,1453,1474]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Figure 11.</emphasis>
Genus
<taxonomicName id="4C444D6BFF9DFFDA2646FA4BFD1EFA4E" authority="Smales, 2020" authorityName="Smales" authorityYear="2020" box="[299,661,1453,1474]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Paramelomystrongylus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF9DFFDA2646FA4BFD8CFA4E" box="[299,519,1453,1474]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Paramelomystrongylus</emphasis>
Smales, 2020
</taxonomicName>
. Body sections. A–D’
<taxonomicName id="4C444D6BFF9DFFDA2419FA4BFAB8FA4E" authority="Smales, 2020" authorityName="Smales" authorityYear="2020" box="[884,1331,1453,1474]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Paramelomystrongylus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dessetae">Paramelomystrongylus dessetae Smales, 2020</taxonomicName>
. A, A’ within proximal body, female. B at midbody, male. C, C’ within distal part, female. D, D’ at midbody, female. A, B, C: Synlophe of type I. D: Synlophe of type II. Source: A–D redrawn from [
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]. A’, C’, D’ modified sections: A’, C’ numbering of ridges. D’ rotation clockwise and numbering of ridges with respect to the original.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF9DFFDA27F4F8CEFB00F8D1" blockId="28.[113,768,1648,2038]" lastBlockId="28.[813,1467,1648,2038]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
In
<figureCitation id="137F2A6DFF9DFFDA27DBF8CEFEA5F8B3" box="[182,302,1832,1855]" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="28.[113,180,1453,1474]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,238,1421]" captionTargetId="figure-272@28.[151,1437,238,1421]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="Figure 11. Genus Paramelomystrongylus Smales, 2020. Body sections. A–D’ Paramelomystrongylus dessetae Smales, 2020. A, A’ within proximal body, female. B at midbody, male. C, C’ within distal part, female. D, D’ at midbody, female. A, B, C: Synlophe of type I. D: Synlophe of type II. Source: A–D redrawn from [43]. A’, C’, D’ modified sections: A’, C’ numbering of ridges. D’ rotation clockwise and numbering of ridges with respect to the original." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12628870" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12628870/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Figure 11D</figureCitation>
, the two large ridges opposite the careen are considered as right ridges. They are strongly directed ventrally and clearly diverge with respect to the dorsal ridges. This could indicate the start of an oblique axis of orientation, on the right side, inclined from right-dorsal to left-ventral. Such an inclination has never been observed among the
<taxonomicName id="4C444D6BFF9DFFDA2557F826FD70F85B" box="[570,763,1984,2007]" pageId="28" pageNumber="9" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Nippostrongylinae">Nippostrongylinae</taxonomicName>
, and we propose that
<figureCitation id="137F2A6DFF9DFFDA263CF839FE41F87A" box="[337,458,2015,2038]" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="28.[113,180,1453,1474]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,238,1421]" captionTargetId="figure-272@28.[151,1437,238,1421]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="Figure 11. Genus Paramelomystrongylus Smales, 2020. Body sections. A–D’ Paramelomystrongylus dessetae Smales, 2020. A, A’ within proximal body, female. B at midbody, male. C, C’ within distal part, female. D, D’ at midbody, female. A, B, C: Synlophe of type I. D: Synlophe of type II. Source: A–D redrawn from [43]. A’, C’, D’ modified sections: A’, C’ numbering of ridges. D’ rotation clockwise and numbering of ridges with respect to the original." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12628870" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12628870/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Figure 11D</figureCitation>
be slightly rotated clockwise so that this axis becomes perpendicular to the sagittal axis (
<figureCitation id="137F2A6DFF9DFFDA2458F969FC12F92A" box="[821,921,1678,1702]" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="28.[113,180,1453,1474]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,238,1421]" captionTargetId="figure-272@28.[151,1437,238,1421]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="Figure 11. Genus Paramelomystrongylus Smales, 2020. Body sections. A–D’ Paramelomystrongylus dessetae Smales, 2020. A, A’ within proximal body, female. B at midbody, male. C, C’ within distal part, female. D, D’ at midbody, female. A, B, C: Synlophe of type I. D: Synlophe of type II. Source: A–D redrawn from [43]. A’, C’, D’ modified sections: A’, C’ numbering of ridges. D’ rotation clockwise and numbering of ridges with respect to the original." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12628870" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12628870/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Fig. 11D’</figureCitation>
). However, on the left side the careen is determining another axis with a different inclination, oblique from right-ventral to left-dorsal side. The result is a double axis whose inclination has never been observed because usually, among the
<taxonomicName id="4C444D6BFF9DFFDA2435F8EFFB92F8AC" box="[856,1049,1801,1824]" pageId="28" pageNumber="9" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Nippostrongylinae">Nippostrongylinae</taxonomicName>
, the left axis is more inclined on the sagittal axis that the right one. In addition, the orientation of the remaining ridges is uncertain.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF9DFFDA2438F883FA0EF816" blockId="28.[813,1467,1648,2038]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
Under
<taxonomicName id="4C444D6BFF9DFFDA24F6F883FB02F8F0" authorityName="Smales" authorityYear="2020" box="[923,1161,1893,1916]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Paramelomystrongylus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF9DFFDA24F6F883FB02F8F0" box="[923,1161,1893,1916]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Paramelomystrongylus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
we are in the presence of
<specimenCount id="9D42FD61FF9DFFDA22F9F883FCE8F816" count="2" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" type="generic" typeStatus="types">two types</specimenCount>
of synlophe sharing the presence of a large careen:
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF9DFFDB2438F844FF6BFEA8" blockId="28.[813,1467,1648,2038]" lastBlockId="29.[113,768,242,628]" lastPageId="29" lastPageNumber="30" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
<typeStatus id="54FF884AFF9DFFDA2438F844FC01F835" box="[853,906,1954,1977]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Type</typeStatus>
I (11A–11C’) with careen plus 14 ridges at midbody probably in both sexes; ridges (excluding careen) medium-sized to small, irregularly spaced, with many gaps and 2 medium-sized right ridges with divergent tips. Axis of orientation probably subfrontal.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF9CFFDB27F4FECAFE96FE31" blockId="29.[113,768,242,628]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
<typeStatus id="54FF884AFF9CFFDB27F4FECAFF45FECF" box="[153,206,300,323]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Type</typeStatus>
II (11D/11D’), with careen plus 16 ridges within proximal body in female (unknown in male). Ridges (excluding careen) small, subequal and regularly spaced, right ridges very large with parallel tips oriented downwards. Axis of orientation possibly double.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF9CFFDB27F4FE22FF28FDF8" blockId="29.[113,768,242,628]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
The scales corresponding to the first and third section are the same (25 µm). This would mean that the female body diameter at the distal part is smaller than at the proximal body, which is at least unusual. The figures, from the text, correspond to
<specimenCount id="9D42FD61FF9CFFDB25B5FDC6FF48FDDA" count="2" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" type="female">two females</specimenCount>
, enlarging the possibility that they come from different taxa.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF9CFFDB271CFD47FE86FD39" blockId="29.[113,768,673,877]" box="[113,269,673,693]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF9CFFDB271CFD47FE86FD39" bold="true" box="[113,269,673,693]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">3.11.2.2 Bursa</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF9CFFDB27F4FD5BFF26FCE1" blockId="29.[113,768,673,877]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
The right lobe is in right latero-dorsal view, the left lobe is in left lateral view, the dorsal lobe is in dorsal view. The pattern is
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both lobes; right lobe with ray 3 diverging first from common trunk, then rays 4-6 at same level; left lobe with rays 3-4 diverging at same level and ray 6 proximally to these.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF9CFFDB271CFC78FEBEFC3E" blockId="29.[113,309,925,946]" box="[113,309,925,946]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF9CFFDB271CFC78FEBEFC3E" bold="true" box="[113,309,925,946]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">3.11.3 Conclusion</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF9CFFDB27F4FC2CFE9CFB14" blockId="29.[113,768,970,1696]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
The specimens described as
<taxonomicName id="4C444D6BFF9CFFDB26A5FC2CFF1AFB8C" authorityName="Smales" authorityYear="2020" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Paramelomystrongylus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dessetae">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF9CFFDB26A5FC2CFF1AFB8C" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Paramelomystrongylus dessetae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
seem to be a composite of two different taxa, both belonging to the
<taxonomicName id="4C444D6BFF9CFFDB2784FBE1FE23FB92" box="[233,424,1031,1054]" pageId="29" pageNumber="9" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Nippostrongylinae">Nippostrongylinae</taxonomicName>
and possessing synlophes with careen.
<typeStatus id="54FF884AFF9CFFDB27AEFBC0FF73FBB1" box="[195,248,1062,1085]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Type</typeStatus>
I synlophe evokes the male section of the genus
<taxonomicName id="4C444D6BFF9CFFDB271CFBA2FF6DFBD7" authorityName="Smales" authorityYear="2020" box="[113,230,1092,1115]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Helgenema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF9CFFDB271CFBA2FF6DFBD7" box="[113,230,1092,1115]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Helgenema</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="137F2A6DFF9CFFDB279BFBA2FE17FBD0" box="[246,412,1092,1116]" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="25.[113,180,1664,1685]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,238,1636]" captionTargetId="figure-136@25.[151,1437,238,1636]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Figure 10. Genus Helgenema Smales, 2020. Body sections. A–C’ Helgenema keablei. A, A’ within proximal body, female. B–C’ at midbody. B, B’, male. C, C’ female. D–F’ Helgenema lamia Smales, 2021. D within proximal body, male. E–F’ at midbody. E, E’ male, F, F’, female. Sources: A–C redrawn from [43]. D–F redrawn from [44]. A’–C’, E’, F’ modified sections: A’ reversed on its frontal axis with respect to the original, B’ reversed on frontal axis then rotated ca. 15° clockwise with respect to the original. C’, E’, F’ re-numbering of ridges." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12628868" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12628868/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Figs. 10B, 10B’</figureCitation>
) with a weakly developed careen. However, the available data are too limited to conclude that it is the same taxon.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF9CFFDB27F4FB46FEB3FB78" blockId="29.[113,768,970,1696]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
<typeStatus id="54FF884AFF9CFFDB27F4FB46FF45FB3B" box="[153,206,1184,1207]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Type</typeStatus>
II does not resemble any described synlophe and the orientation of the right ridges is unique among the
<taxonomicName id="4C444D6BFF9CFFDB271CFB3BFEB8FB78" box="[113,307,1245,1268]" pageId="29" pageNumber="9" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Nippostrongylinae">Nippostrongylinae</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF9CFFDB27F4FB1DFDC3FABD" blockId="29.[113,768,970,1696]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
Concerning the bursa, we have no elements to attribute the illustrated bursa to a given
<typeStatus id="54FF884AFF9CFFDB26FFFAFCFE34FABD" box="[402,447,1306,1329]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">type</typeStatus>
of synlophe.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF9CFFDB27F4FADFFF77FA64" blockId="29.[113,768,970,1696]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
Since we do not know what type of synlophe the
<typeStatus id="54FF884AFF9CFFDB271CFAB1FF40FAE2" box="[113,203,1367,1390]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
corresponds to,
<taxonomicName id="4C444D6BFF9CFFDB26E0FAB1FD6BFAE2" authorityName="Smales" authorityYear="2020" box="[397,736,1367,1390]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Paramelomystrongylus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dessetae">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF9CFFDB26E0FAB1FD6BFAE2" box="[397,736,1367,1390]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Paramelomystrongylus dessetae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is considered a
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF9CFFDB266BFA90FE46FA01" box="[262,461,1398,1421]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">species inquirenda</emphasis>
. Being the type species of the genus, it is impossible to give a proper definition of this latter. We thus consider
<taxonomicName id="4C444D6BFF9CFFDB26CCFA55FD04FA46" authorityName="Smales" authorityYear="2020" box="[417,655,1459,1482]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Paramelomystrongylus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF9CFFDB26CCFA55FD04FA46" box="[417,655,1459,1482]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Paramelomystrongylus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
a
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF9CFFDB25AEFA55FF7FFA65" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">genus inquirendum</emphasis>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF9CFFDB27F4FA16FE1AF92C" blockId="29.[113,768,970,1696]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
The
<specimenCount id="9D42FD61FF9CFFDB27A2FA16FEB2F98B" box="[207,313,1520,1543]" count="2" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" type="generic" typeStatus="types">two types</specimenCount>
of synlophe recognized seem to be distributed into two different taxa as follows: “
<taxonomicName id="4C444D6BFF9CFFDB2504F9E9FEB3F9C8" authorityName="Smales" authorityYear="2020" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Paramelomystrongylus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dessetae">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF9CFFDB2504F9E9FEB3F9C8" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Paramelomystrongylus dessetae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
” (male section at midbody and female sections within proximal and distal body) (with synlophe of
<typeStatus id="54FF884AFF9CFFDB271CF98CFF2DF90D" box="[113,166,1642,1665]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Type</typeStatus>
I);
<taxonomicName id="4C444D6BFF9CFFDB27BCF98CFE1BF90D" box="[209,400,1642,1665]" pageId="29" pageNumber="9" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Nippostrongylinae">Nippostrongylinae</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF9CFFDB26F4F98CFE3CF90D" box="[409,439,1642,1665]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">i.s.</emphasis>
6 (female section at midbody) (with synlophe of
<typeStatus id="54FF884AFF9CFFDB265EF96FFEE2F92C" box="[307,361,1673,1696]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Type</typeStatus>
II).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
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<heading id="D0B38184FF9AFFDD271CFBC8FE43FBEB" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" reason="7">
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3.11 Genus
<taxonomicName id="4C444D6BFF9AFFDD2666FBC8FEDCFBEB" authority="Smales, 2020" authorityName="Smales" authorityYear="2020" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Paramelomystrongylus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF9AFFDD2666FBC8FD0FFBCB" bold="true" box="[267,644,1070,1095]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">PARAMELOMYSTRONGYLUS</emphasis>
Smales, 2020
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="137F2A6DFF9AFFDD2604FBA8FE35FBEB" box="[361,446,1102,1127]" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="28.[113,180,1453,1474]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,238,1421]" captionTargetId="figure-272@28.[151,1437,238,1421]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="Figure 11. Genus Paramelomystrongylus Smales, 2020. Body sections. A–D’ Paramelomystrongylus dessetae Smales, 2020. A, A’ within proximal body, female. B at midbody, male. C, C’ within distal part, female. D, D’ at midbody, female. A, B, C: Synlophe of type I. D: Synlophe of type II. Source: A–D redrawn from [43]. A’, C’, D’ modified sections: A’, C’ numbering of ridges. D’ rotation clockwise and numbering of ridges with respect to the original." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12628870" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12628870/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C35E6563FF9AFFDD27F4FB62FE8DFB35" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="type_taxon">
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<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF9AFFDD27F4FB62FE2BFB10" bold="true" box="[153,416,1156,1180]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
<typeStatus id="54FF884AFF9AFFDD27F4FB62FF5AFB10" box="[153,209,1156,1180]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Type</typeStatus>
and sole species:
</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C444D6BFF9AFFDD26C0FB62FE8AFB35" authority="Smales, 2020" authorityName="Smales" authorityYear="2020" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Paramelomystrongylus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dessetae">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF9AFFDD26C0FB62FC8BFB17" box="[429,768,1156,1179]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Paramelomystrongylus dessetae</emphasis>
Smales, 2020
</taxonomicName>
.
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<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF9AFFDD27F4FB27FD25FB54" blockId="27.[113,768,1156,1607]" box="[153,686,1217,1241]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF9AFFDD27F4FB27FF54FB55" bold="true" box="[153,223,1217,1241]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Hosts:</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C444D6BFF9AFFDD278AFB27FECAFB54" box="[231,321,1217,1240]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Muridae</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C444D6BFF9AFFDD2620FB27FE2CFB54" authorityName="Illiger" authorityYear="1811" box="[333,423,1217,1240]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Murinae">Murinae</taxonomicName>
, Hydromyini (
<taxonomicName id="4C444D6BFF9AFFDD252DFB27FD28FB54" authorityName="Bowdich" authorityYear="1821" box="[576,675,1217,1240]" class="Mammalia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Chordata" rank="order">Rodentia</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF9AFFDD27F4FB39FE23FB7A" blockId="27.[113,768,1156,1607]" box="[153,424,1247,1271]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF9AFFDD27F4FB39FE89FB7B" bold="true" box="[153,258,1247,1271]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Host site:</emphasis>
small intestine.
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF9AFFDD27F4FB18FE31FA99" blockId="27.[113,768,1156,1607]" box="[153,442,1278,1302]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF9AFFDD27F4FB18FEADFA9A" bold="true" box="[153,294,1278,1302]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Distribution:</emphasis>
New
<collectingCountry id="F3537678FF9AFFDD2604FB18FE3CFA99" box="[361,439,1278,1301]" name="Guinea-Bissau" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Guinea</collectingCountry>
.
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<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF9AFFDD27F4FAFAFF79F9CB" blockId="27.[113,768,1156,1607]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF9AFFDD27F4FAFAFEFFFAB8" bold="true" box="[153,372,1308,1332]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Original diagnosis:</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C444D6BFF9AFFDD26E8FAFBFDFAFAB8" authorityName="Durette-Desset &amp; Digiani" authorityYear="2023" box="[389,625,1309,1332]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Paramelomystrongylus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">Paramelomystrongylus</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF9AFFDD25ECFAFBFD73FAB8" box="[641,760,1309,1332]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2035781FF9AFFDD25ECFAFBFD73FAB8" box="[641,760,1309,1332]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" rank="genus">new genus</taxonomicNameLabel>
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:
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF9AFFDD271CFADDFE0DFA41" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
<taxonomicName id="4C444D6BFF9AFFDD271CFADDFE95FADE" authorityName="Skrjabin &amp; Schikobalova" authorityYear="1952" box="[113,286,1339,1362]" class="Chromadorea" family="Heligmonellidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Nematoda" rank="family">Heligmonellidae</taxonomicName>
, Nippostrongylinae. Synlophe well developed, with 13-16 pointed longitudinal ridges, dorsal ridges continuous, ventral ridges disrupted. Carene supported by 2 hypertrophied ridges, left ventral ridge largest; ridges unequal in size, ridges supporting carene
</emphasis>
(sic)
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF9AFFDD26BCFA50FF32F9CB" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">and ridges associated with right lateral side largest. Axis of orientation of ridges sub frontal. Bursal pattern 2-3. Dorsal ray divided within distal half. Spicule to body length ratio 15%. Parasites of uromyin murids</emphasis>
[
<bibRefCitation id="EFD54B19FF9AFFDD27A7F9D6FF6FF9CB" author="Smales LR" box="[202,228,1584,1607]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" pagination="544 - 572" refId="ref30173" refString="43. Smales LR. 2020. Gastrointestinal nematodes of Paramelomys levipes and P. mollis (Rodentia: Muridae) from Papua Indonesia and Papua Guinea and the descriptions of three new genera and nine new species (Nematoda). Zootaxa, 4861, 544 - 572." type="journal article" year="2020">43</bibRefCitation>
].
</paragraph>
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3.10.2.1
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<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF9BFFDC27F4FA38FE8BFA79" box="[153,256,1502,1525]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Synlophe:</emphasis>
from the original description [
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], the synlophe within the proximal region possesses 13-14 ridges in
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females. Variation in ridge number from nine to 15 within the proximal body seems to us unlikely, and we assume that the “proximal” sections in different specimens have not been taken at homologous levels, the sections with more ridges having been probably taken closer to midbody.
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The section in 10A should be reversed on its frontal axis, to match the usual arrangement of the
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. In the re-oriented section (
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) the excretory glands are situated ventrally with respect to the excretory pore, and the large left ridge can be interpreted as ridge 1’, with its tip pointing dorsally, allowing the numbering of the remaining ridges according to the usage in the
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Concerning the midbody male section (10B), the position of the right lateral field is unlikely because a hypothetical frontal axis passing through the illustrated fields would determine a ventral part much larger than the dorsal one. We propose to displace the right lateral field up to the axis originally illustrated in [
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] in order to have two equivalent dorsal and ventral parts. We think that this section should be reversed on its frontal axis so that the large left ridge, which we interpret as ridge 1’, is directed dorsally. We propose a further rotation (
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. 15°) of the re-oriented section so that the new axis of orientation passes, on the left, between tips of the ridges 1 and 1’ which are clearly convergent. On the right-ventral side the ridges are oriented perpendicularly to the body, which does not allow us to determine the start of the axis. However, given the position of the ridges 1 and 1’, it is probably oblique (
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).
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In the midbody female section (10C) the tips of the ridges 1 and 2 being convergent, the numbering must be modified and ridge 1 becomes ridge 1’ and ridge 2 becomes ridge 1 (
<figureCitation id="137F2A6DFF9BFFDC2458FD31FC10FD63" box="[821,923,727,751]" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="25.[113,180,1664,1685]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,238,1636]" captionTargetId="figure-136@25.[151,1437,238,1636]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Figure 10. Genus Helgenema Smales, 2020. Body sections. A–C’ Helgenema keablei. A, A’ within proximal body, female. B–C’ at midbody. B, B’, male. C, C’ female. D–F’ Helgenema lamia Smales, 2021. D within proximal body, male. E–F’ at midbody. E, E’ male, F, F’, female. Sources: A–C redrawn from [43]. D–F redrawn from [44]. A’–C’, E’, F’ modified sections: A’ reversed on its frontal axis with respect to the original, B’ reversed on frontal axis then rotated ca. 15° clockwise with respect to the original. C’, E’, F’ re-numbering of ridges." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12628868" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12628868/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Fig. 10C’</figureCitation>
). For the same reasons than in the male, the axis of orientation is possibly oblique.
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<subSubSection id="C35E6563FF9BFFDC271CFF08FDBDFE8E" box="[113,566,238,258]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF9BFFDC271CFF08FDBDFE8E" blockId="26.[113,768,238,1231]" box="[113,566,238,258]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
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3.10.1.2
<taxonomicName id="4C444D6BFF9BFFDC27A0FF08FE0CFE8E" authority="Smales, 2021" authorityName="Smales" authorityYear="2021" box="[205,391,238,258]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Helgenema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lamia">Helgenema lamia</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="137F2A6DFF9BFFDC26F8FF08FDA4FE8E" box="[405,559,238,258]" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="25.[113,180,1664,1685]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,238,1636]" captionTargetId="figure-136@25.[151,1437,238,1636]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Figure 10. Genus Helgenema Smales, 2020. Body sections. A–C’ Helgenema keablei. A, A’ within proximal body, female. B–C’ at midbody. B, B’, male. C, C’ female. D–F’ Helgenema lamia Smales, 2021. D within proximal body, male. E–F’ at midbody. E, E’ male, F, F’, female. Sources: A–C redrawn from [43]. D–F redrawn from [44]. A’–C’, E’, F’ modified sections: A’ reversed on its frontal axis with respect to the original, B’ reversed on frontal axis then rotated ca. 15° clockwise with respect to the original. C’, E’, F’ re-numbering of ridges." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12628868" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12628868/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Figs. 10D–10F</figureCitation>
)
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</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C35E6563FF9BFFDC271CFEECFF66FAFE" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF9BFFDC271CFEECFD9FFE1A" blockId="26.[113,768,238,1231]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF9BFFDC271CFEECFF42FEB7" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
3.10.1.2.1 Synlophe (based on sections from
<specimenCount id="9D42FD61FF9BFFDC2550FEECFD29FE93" box="[573,674,266,287]" count="2" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" type="male">two males</specimenCount>
and
<specimenCount id="9D42FD61FF9BFFDC25B0FEECFF36FEB7" count="2" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" type="female">two females</specimenCount>
).
</emphasis>
Sections analyzed herein are within proximal body: male (
<figureCitation id="137F2A6DFF9BFFDC27DAFEA4FF70FED5" box="[183,251,322,345]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="5.[113,180,1430,1451]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,239,1402]" captionTargetId="figure-232@5.[151,1436,238,1402]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 1. Genus Melomystrongylus Smales, 2009. Body sections. A–D Melomystrongylus sepikensis Smales, 2009. A, B within proximal body. A male, B female; C, D at midbody. C male, D, female. E–H Melomystrongylus somoroensis Smales &amp; Heinrich, 2010. E, F within proximal body. E male, F female. G, G’ at midbody, male. H female “at posterior end of midbody” (sic). Sources: A–D redrawn from [30]. E–H redrawn from [45]. G’ modified figure, reversed on its frontal axis with respect to the original." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12628844" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12628844/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Fig 1b</figureCitation>
/10D), and at midbody: male (
<figureCitation id="137F2A6DFF9BFFDC2520FEA4FD1FFED5" box="[589,660,322,345]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="5.[113,180,1430,1451]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,239,1402]" captionTargetId="figure-232@5.[151,1436,238,1402]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 1. Genus Melomystrongylus Smales, 2009. Body sections. A–D Melomystrongylus sepikensis Smales, 2009. A, B within proximal body. A male, B female; C, D at midbody. C male, D, female. E–H Melomystrongylus somoroensis Smales &amp; Heinrich, 2010. E, F within proximal body. E male, F female. G, G’ at midbody, male. H female “at posterior end of midbody” (sic). Sources: A–D redrawn from [30]. E–H redrawn from [45]. G’ modified figure, reversed on its frontal axis with respect to the original." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12628844" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12628844/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Fig. 1f</figureCitation>
/10E) and female (
<figureCitation id="137F2A6DFF9BFFDC27A0FE87FE93FEF4" box="[205,280,353,376]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="5.[113,180,1430,1451]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,239,1402]" captionTargetId="figure-232@5.[151,1436,238,1402]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 1. Genus Melomystrongylus Smales, 2009. Body sections. A–D Melomystrongylus sepikensis Smales, 2009. A, B within proximal body. A male, B female; C, D at midbody. C male, D, female. E–H Melomystrongylus somoroensis Smales &amp; Heinrich, 2010. E, F within proximal body. E male, F female. G, G’ at midbody, male. H female “at posterior end of midbody” (sic). Sources: A–D redrawn from [30]. E–H redrawn from [45]. G’ modified figure, reversed on its frontal axis with respect to the original." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12628844" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12628844/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Fig. 1a</figureCitation>
/10F); lateral cords illustrated in
<figureCitation id="137F2A6DFF9BFFDC25E2FE87FD7DFEF4" box="[655,758,353,376]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="5.[113,180,1430,1451]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,239,1402]" captionTargetId="figure-232@5.[151,1436,238,1402]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 1. Genus Melomystrongylus Smales, 2009. Body sections. A–D Melomystrongylus sepikensis Smales, 2009. A, B within proximal body. A male, B female; C, D at midbody. C male, D, female. E–H Melomystrongylus somoroensis Smales &amp; Heinrich, 2010. E, F within proximal body. E male, F female. G, G’ at midbody, male. H female “at posterior end of midbody” (sic). Sources: A–D redrawn from [30]. E–H redrawn from [45]. G’ modified figure, reversed on its frontal axis with respect to the original." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12628844" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12628844/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Figure 1a</figureCitation>
/ 10F; ridges numbered in
<figureCitation id="137F2A6DFF9BFFDC2611FE99FE50FE1A" box="[380,475,383,406]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="5.[113,180,1430,1451]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,239,1402]" captionTargetId="figure-232@5.[151,1436,238,1402]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 1. Genus Melomystrongylus Smales, 2009. Body sections. A–D Melomystrongylus sepikensis Smales, 2009. A, B within proximal body. A male, B female; C, D at midbody. C male, D, female. E–H Melomystrongylus somoroensis Smales &amp; Heinrich, 2010. E, F within proximal body. E male, F female. G, G’ at midbody, male. H female “at posterior end of midbody” (sic). Sources: A–D redrawn from [30]. E–H redrawn from [45]. G’ modified figure, reversed on its frontal axis with respect to the original." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12628844" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12628844/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Figure 1f</figureCitation>
/10E.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF9BFFDC27F4FE78FE28FE7E" blockId="26.[113,768,238,1231]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
In all sections careen absent and left cuticular dilatation present. Axis of orientation described as oblique (from right-ventral to left-dorsal) in [
<bibRefCitation id="EFD54B19FF9BFFDC2617FE3DFE1FFE7E" author="Smales LR" box="[378,404,475,498]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" pagination="60 - 76" refId="ref30223" refString="44. Smales LR. 2021. The gastrointestinal nematodes of Chiruromys forbsei (sic) Thomas and C. lamia (Thomas) (Rodentia: Muridae) with the description of a new species of Helgenema (Heligmonellidae) and a new species of Protospirura (Spiruridae) from Papua New Guinea. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Australia, 145, 60 - 76." type="journal article" year="2021">44</bibRefCitation>
].
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF9BFFDC27F4FE1CFEE0FC89" blockId="26.[113,768,238,1231]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF9BFFDC27F4FE1CFE04FD9D" box="[153,399,506,529]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Within proximal body:</emphasis>
in
<figureCitation id="137F2A6DFF9BFFDC26D1FE1CFDB2FD9D" box="[444,569,506,529]" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="25.[113,180,1664,1685]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,238,1636]" captionTargetId="figure-136@25.[151,1437,238,1636]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Figure 10. Genus Helgenema Smales, 2020. Body sections. A–C’ Helgenema keablei. A, A’ within proximal body, female. B–C’ at midbody. B, B’, male. C, C’ female. D–F’ Helgenema lamia Smales, 2021. D within proximal body, male. E–F’ at midbody. E, E’ male, F, F’, female. Sources: A–C redrawn from [43]. D–F redrawn from [44]. A’–C’, E’, F’ modified sections: A’ reversed on its frontal axis with respect to the original, B’ reversed on frontal axis then rotated ca. 15° clockwise with respect to the original. C’, E’, F’ re-numbering of ridges." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12628868" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12628868/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Figure 10D</figureCitation>
(male), 14 ridges irregularly spaced, unequal in size. Four gaps on left side (arrowheads); ridges medium sized and subequal, except one left ridge, large. Ridges oriented in two opposite directions from right-ventral quadrant to left, starting from a pair of divergent ridges (curved arrows) but not clear convergent ridges on left-dorsal quadrant; the two ridges flanking left ridge (dorsally and ventrally) slightly larger than remaining ridges and perpendicular to body surface.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF9BFFDC27F4FCEBFE9CFCCE" blockId="26.[113,768,238,1231]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF9BFFDC27F4FCEBFE92FCA8" box="[153,281,781,804]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">At midbody:</emphasis>
in both sexes, 15 ridges irregularly spaced and unequal in size.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF9BFFDC27F4FCACFD4DFBBB" blockId="26.[113,768,238,1231]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
<figureCitation id="137F2A6DFF9BFFDC27F4FCACFE99FCED" box="[153,274,842,865]" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="25.[113,180,1664,1685]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,238,1636]" captionTargetId="figure-136@25.[151,1437,238,1636]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Figure 10. Genus Helgenema Smales, 2020. Body sections. A–C’ Helgenema keablei. A, A’ within proximal body, female. B–C’ at midbody. B, B’, male. C, C’ female. D–F’ Helgenema lamia Smales, 2021. D within proximal body, male. E–F’ at midbody. E, E’ male, F, F’, female. Sources: A–C redrawn from [43]. D–F redrawn from [44]. A’–C’, E’, F’ modified sections: A’ reversed on its frontal axis with respect to the original, B’ reversed on frontal axis then rotated ca. 15° clockwise with respect to the original. C’, E’, F’ re-numbering of ridges." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12628868" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12628868/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Figure 10E</figureCitation>
(male): three gaps on left side (arrowheads) between ridges 2’ and 1’, 1’ and 1, 1 and 2; ridge 1’ large, ridge 1 medium-sized; other dorsal ridges small, regularly spaced and oriented from right to left, with ridges 5 and 6 larger; ventral ridges medium sized, regularly spaced and oriented from right to left, with ridges 6’ and 7’ larger and ridge 8’ minute; axis of orientation drawn in [
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] passes between ridges 7 and 8’ (whose tips not divergent) then between ridges 1’ and 1.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF9BFFDC27F4FBD8FD27FB43" blockId="26.[113,768,238,1231]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
<figureCitation id="137F2A6DFF9BFFDC27F4FBD8FE84FBD9" box="[153,271,1086,1109]" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="25.[113,180,1664,1685]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,238,1636]" captionTargetId="figure-136@25.[151,1437,238,1636]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Figure 10. Genus Helgenema Smales, 2020. Body sections. A–C’ Helgenema keablei. A, A’ within proximal body, female. B–C’ at midbody. B, B’, male. C, C’ female. D–F’ Helgenema lamia Smales, 2021. D within proximal body, male. E–F’ at midbody. E, E’ male, F, F’, female. Sources: A–C redrawn from [43]. D–F redrawn from [44]. A’–C’, E’, F’ modified sections: A’ reversed on its frontal axis with respect to the original, B’ reversed on frontal axis then rotated ca. 15° clockwise with respect to the original. C’, E’, F’ re-numbering of ridges." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12628868" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12628868/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Figure 10F</figureCitation>
(female): three gaps on left side (arrowheads); left ridge largest; first dorsal ridge on the left larger than other dorsal ridges, small and regularly spaced. On ventral side, ridges small, subequal in size and much thinner than in male section. Dorsal and ventral ridges disparately oriented.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF9BFFDC271CFB05FF66FAFE" blockId="26.[113,768,1249,1394]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF9BFFDC271CFB05FDBDFB74" box="[113,566,1251,1272]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
3.10.1.2.2 Bursa (illustrated in [
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]:
<figureCitation id="137F2A6DFF9BFFDC268CFB05FDA3FB74" box="[481,552,1251,1272]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="5.[113,180,1430,1451]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,239,1402]" captionTargetId="figure-232@5.[151,1436,238,1402]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 1. Genus Melomystrongylus Smales, 2009. Body sections. A–D Melomystrongylus sepikensis Smales, 2009. A, B within proximal body. A male, B female; C, D at midbody. C male, D, female. E–H Melomystrongylus somoroensis Smales &amp; Heinrich, 2010. E, F within proximal body. E male, F female. G, G’ at midbody, male. H female “at posterior end of midbody” (sic). Sources: A–D redrawn from [30]. E–H redrawn from [45]. G’ modified figure, reversed on its frontal axis with respect to the original." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12628844" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12628844/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Fig. 1L</figureCitation>
).
</emphasis>
<figureCitation id="137F2A6DFF9BFFDC252BFB07FD24FB74" box="[582,687,1249,1272]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="5.[113,180,1430,1451]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,239,1402]" captionTargetId="figure-232@5.[151,1436,238,1402]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 1. Genus Melomystrongylus Smales, 2009. Body sections. A–D Melomystrongylus sepikensis Smales, 2009. A, B within proximal body. A male, B female; C, D at midbody. C male, D, female. E–H Melomystrongylus somoroensis Smales &amp; Heinrich, 2010. E, F within proximal body. E male, F female. G, G’ at midbody, male. H female “at posterior end of midbody” (sic). Sources: A–D redrawn from [30]. E–H redrawn from [45]. G’ modified figure, reversed on its frontal axis with respect to the original." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12628844" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12628844/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Figure 1L</figureCitation>
in captions (corresponds to “i” on
<figureCitation id="137F2A6DFF9BFFDC26F7FB19FE5CFA9A" box="[410,471,1279,1302]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="5.[113,180,1430,1451]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,239,1402]" captionTargetId="figure-232@5.[151,1436,238,1402]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 1. Genus Melomystrongylus Smales, 2009. Body sections. A–D Melomystrongylus sepikensis Smales, 2009. A, B within proximal body. A male, B female; C, D at midbody. C male, D, female. E–H Melomystrongylus somoroensis Smales &amp; Heinrich, 2010. E, F within proximal body. E male, F female. G, G’ at midbody, male. H female “at posterior end of midbody” (sic). Sources: A–D redrawn from [30]. E–H redrawn from [45]. G’ modified figure, reversed on its frontal axis with respect to the original." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12628844" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12628844/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
). Entire bursa with left lobe folded ventrally, dorsal view. Bursa dissymmetrical with left lobe larger. From the written description [
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], bursal pattern of
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2-3.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
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<treatment id="03ED87FEFF9BFFDD2440FCD1FDA1FC70" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03ED87FEFF9BFFDD2440FCD1FDA1FC70" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03ED87FEFF9BFFDD2440FCD1FDA1FC70" lastPageId="27" lastPageNumber="28" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
<subSubSection id="C35E6563FF9BFFDC2440FCD1FBC9FCC7" box="[813,1090,823,843]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF9BFFDC2440FCD1FBC9FCC7" blockId="26.[813,1467,823,1119]" box="[813,1090,823,843]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
<heading id="D0B38184FF9BFFDC2440FCD1FBC9FCC7" box="[813,1090,823,843]" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" reason="4">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF9BFFDC2440FCD1FBC9FCC7" bold="true" box="[813,1090,823,843]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
3.10.2.2
<taxonomicName id="4C444D6BFF9BFFDC24E5FCD1FBC9FCC7" authority="Smales, 2021" authorityName="Smales" authorityYear="2021" box="[904,1090,823,843]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Helgenema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lamia">Helgenema lamia</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C35E6563FF9BFFDD2438FCB5FDA1FC70" lastPageId="27" lastPageNumber="28" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF9BFFDC2438FCB5FA96FC2B" blockId="26.[813,1467,823,1119]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF9BFFDC2438FCB5FC38FCE6" box="[853,947,851,874]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Synlophe</emphasis>
: in the proximal male section 10D, the large left ridge is interpreted as ridge 1’. This ridge numbering conforms that of the male section at midbody (
<figureCitation id="137F2A6DFF9BFFDC23D9FC76FA84FC2B" box="[1204,1295,912,935]" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="25.[113,180,1664,1685]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,238,1636]" captionTargetId="figure-136@25.[151,1437,238,1636]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Figure 10. Genus Helgenema Smales, 2020. Body sections. A–C’ Helgenema keablei. A, A’ within proximal body, female. B–C’ at midbody. B, B’, male. C, C’ female. D–F’ Helgenema lamia Smales, 2021. D within proximal body, male. E–F’ at midbody. E, E’ male, F, F’, female. Sources: A–C redrawn from [43]. D–F redrawn from [44]. A’–C’, E’, F’ modified sections: A’ reversed on its frontal axis with respect to the original, B’ reversed on frontal axis then rotated ca. 15° clockwise with respect to the original. C’, E’, F’ re-numbering of ridges." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12628868" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12628868/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Fig. 10E</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF9BFFDC2438FC49FC6AFB8F" blockId="26.[813,1467,823,1119]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
At midbody, the only clearly divergent ridges are 8 and 7’ (curved arrows,
<figureCitation id="137F2A6DFF9BFFDC24B7FC2BFBB6FC69" box="[986,1085,973,997]" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="25.[113,180,1664,1685]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,238,1636]" captionTargetId="figure-136@25.[151,1437,238,1636]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Figure 10. Genus Helgenema Smales, 2020. Body sections. A–C’ Helgenema keablei. A, A’ within proximal body, female. B–C’ at midbody. B, B’, male. C, C’ female. D–F’ Helgenema lamia Smales, 2021. D within proximal body, male. E–F’ at midbody. E, E’ male, F, F’, female. Sources: A–C redrawn from [43]. D–F redrawn from [44]. A’–C’, E’, F’ modified sections: A’ reversed on its frontal axis with respect to the original, B’ reversed on frontal axis then rotated ca. 15° clockwise with respect to the original. C’, E’, F’ re-numbering of ridges." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12628868" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12628868/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Fig. 10E’</figureCitation>
) rather than 7 and 8’ (
<figureCitation id="137F2A6DFF9BFFDC225AFC2BFA18FC68" box="[1335,1427,973,996]" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="25.[113,180,1664,1685]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,238,1636]" captionTargetId="figure-136@25.[151,1437,238,1636]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Figure 10. Genus Helgenema Smales, 2020. Body sections. A–C’ Helgenema keablei. A, A’ within proximal body, female. B–C’ at midbody. B, B’, male. C, C’ female. D–F’ Helgenema lamia Smales, 2021. D within proximal body, male. E–F’ at midbody. E, E’ male, F, F’, female. Sources: A–C redrawn from [43]. D–F redrawn from [44]. A’–C’, E’, F’ modified sections: A’ reversed on its frontal axis with respect to the original, B’ reversed on frontal axis then rotated ca. 15° clockwise with respect to the original. C’, E’, F’ re-numbering of ridges." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12628868" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12628868/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Fig. 10E</figureCitation>
) as proposed in [
<bibRefCitation id="EFD54B19FF9BFFDC24D5FC0AFC59FB8F" author="Smales LR" box="[952,978,1004,1027]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" pagination="60 - 76" refId="ref30223" refString="44. Smales LR. 2021. The gastrointestinal nematodes of Chiruromys forbsei (sic) Thomas and C. lamia (Thomas) (Rodentia: Muridae) with the description of a new species of Helgenema (Heligmonellidae) and a new species of Protospirura (Spiruridae) from Papua New Guinea. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Australia, 145, 60 - 76." type="journal article" year="2021">44</bibRefCitation>
].
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF9BFFDC2438FBECFAE4FBD2" blockId="26.[813,1467,823,1119]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
In the three sections, the axis of orientation is possibly oblique but its inclination is calculable only in the female section at midbody, the lateral cords being illustrated (
<figureCitation id="137F2A6DFF9BFFDC2393FBA1FAEBFBD3" box="[1278,1376,1095,1119]" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="25.[113,180,1664,1685]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,238,1636]" captionTargetId="figure-136@25.[151,1437,238,1636]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Figure 10. Genus Helgenema Smales, 2020. Body sections. A–C’ Helgenema keablei. A, A’ within proximal body, female. B–C’ at midbody. B, B’, male. C, C’ female. D–F’ Helgenema lamia Smales, 2021. D within proximal body, male. E–F’ at midbody. E, E’ male, F, F’, female. Sources: A–C redrawn from [43]. D–F redrawn from [44]. A’–C’, E’, F’ modified sections: A’ reversed on its frontal axis with respect to the original, B’ reversed on frontal axis then rotated ca. 15° clockwise with respect to the original. C’, E’, F’ re-numbering of ridges." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12628868" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12628868/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Fig. 10F’</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF9BFFDC2440FB9BFC7BFB1E" blockId="26.[813,1008,1149,1170]" box="[813,1008,1149,1170]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF9BFFDC2440FB9BFC7BFB1E" bold="true" box="[813,1008,1149,1170]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">3.10.3 Conclusion</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF9BFFDC2440FB56FC65FB48" blockId="26.[813,1467,1199,2045]" box="[813,1006,1199,1220]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF9BFFDC2440FB56FC65FB48" bold="true" box="[813,1006,1199,1220]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">3.10.3.1 Synlophe</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF9BFFDC2438FB2AFB7CF902" blockId="26.[813,1467,1199,2045]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
Even if the modifications proposed herein are right, it is not possible to know how the section 10A’ (proximal synlophe of
<taxonomicName id="4C444D6BFF9BFFDC2440FAEFFC11FAAC" authorityName="Smales" authorityYear="2020" box="[813,922,1289,1312]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Helgenema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="keablei">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF9BFFDC2440FAEFFC11FAAC" box="[813,922,1289,1312]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">H. keablei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, female) is related to the midbody female section (10C’) or to the midbody male section (10B’). A large left ridge is present within the proximal female section (10A’) and it is found again in the midbody male section (10B’). On the contrary, the midbody female section (10C’) shows all ridges small and subequal and the large left ridge is absent. Sections A’ and B’ may then be assumed as corresponding to the same synlophe. This synlophe would be similar to that of
<taxonomicName id="4C444D6BFF9BFFDC2257FA39FC06F998" authorityName="Smales" authorityYear="2014" class="Chromadorea" family="Heligmosomidae" genus="Pogonomystrongylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF9BFFDC2257FA39FC06F998" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Pogonomystrongylus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, where a large left ridge is observed all along the body. On the contrary, there are no examples of large left ridges well-developed proximally and decreasing in size towards midbody. That is why it is difficult to assume sections 10A’ and 10C’ correspond to the same synlophe.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF9BFFDD2438F970FEDFFEA8" blockId="26.[813,1467,1199,2045]" lastBlockId="27.[113,768,239,476]" lastPageId="27" lastPageNumber="28" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
The original definition of the genus [
<bibRefCitation id="EFD54B19FF9BFFDC23B6F970FB7EF921" author="Smales LR" box="[1243,1269,1686,1709]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" pagination="544 - 572" refId="ref30173" refString="43. Smales LR. 2020. Gastrointestinal nematodes of Paramelomys levipes and P. mollis (Rodentia: Muridae) from Papua Indonesia and Papua Guinea and the descriptions of three new genera and nine new species (Nematoda). Zootaxa, 4861, 544 - 572." type="journal article" year="2020">43</bibRefCitation>
] indicated that the main character separating
<taxonomicName id="4C444D6BFF9BFFDC2334F953FB45F940" authorityName="Smales" authorityYear="2020" box="[1113,1230,1717,1740]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Helgenema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF9BFFDC2334F953FB45F940" box="[1113,1230,1717,1740]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Helgenema</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from the remaining genera was the “
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF9BFFDC24B2F935FA80F885" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Cuticle with dilatation on left side supported anteriorly by large left dorso-lateral ridge</emphasis>
”. Some of the sections analyzed herein contradict this definition in several points: (1) the large ridge is actually left or left-ventral (ridge 1’) and not dorsal, (2) the midbody male section of
<taxonomicName id="4C444D6BFF9BFFDC2226F8A8FA30F8E9" authorityName="Smales" authorityYear="2020" box="[1355,1467,1870,1893]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Helgenema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="keablei">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF9BFFDC2226F8A8FA30F8E9" box="[1355,1467,1870,1893]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">H. keablei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
shows the dilatation supported by
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF9BFFDC23F8F88AFB31F80F" box="[1173,1210,1900,1923]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">two</emphasis>
ridges, (3) the proximal male section of
<taxonomicName id="4C444D6BFF9BFFDC24BAF86DFBBFF82E" authorityName="Smales" authorityYear="2021" box="[983,1076,1931,1954]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Helgenema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lamia">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF9BFFDC24BAF86DFBBFF82E" box="[983,1076,1931,1954]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">H. lamia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
does not show an apparent cuticular dilatation, and (4) the midbody male section of
<taxonomicName id="4C444D6BFF9BFFDC2275F84FFAF8F84C" authorityName="Smales" authorityYear="2021" box="[1304,1395,1961,1984]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Helgenema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lamia">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF9BFFDC2275F84FFAF8F84C" box="[1304,1395,1961,1984]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">H. lamia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
shows a large ridge 1’ which clearly is more developed than at proximal body. This latter condition cannot even be confirmed in the female of the same species, since the synlophe at proximal body is not provided.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF9AFFDD27F4FECAFD0EFE50" blockId="27.[113,768,239,476]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
We think that among the material concerned there are
<specimenCount id="9D42FD61FF9AFFDD25B5FECAFF2CFEED" count="2" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="generic" typeStatus="types">two types</specimenCount>
of synlophe: one with a large left ridge, more developed than the other ridges, all along the body (sections 10A’ and 10B’ of
<taxonomicName id="4C444D6BFF9AFFDD27B1FE6EFE20FE13" authorityName="Smales" authorityYear="2020" box="[220,427,392,415]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Helgenema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="keablei">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF9AFFDD27B1FE6EFE20FE13" box="[220,427,392,415]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Helgenema keablei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 10D–10F of
<taxonomicName id="4C444D6BFF9AFFDD25E7FE6EFF20FE31" authorityName="Smales" authorityYear="2021" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Helgenema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lamia">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF9AFFDD25E7FE6EFF20FE31" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Helgenema lamia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). The other one, without large left ridge, with ridges small and subequal (section 10C of
<taxonomicName id="4C444D6BFF9AFFDD26C3FE23FDFEFE50" authorityName="Smales" authorityYear="2020" box="[430,629,453,476]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Helgenema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="keablei">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF9AFFDD26C3FE23FDFEFE50" box="[430,629,453,476]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Helgenema keablei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF9AFFDD271CFDE0FE86FD96" blockId="27.[113,767,518,599]" box="[113,269,518,538]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF9AFFDD271CFDE0FE86FD96" bold="true" box="[113,269,518,538]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">3.10.3.2 Bursa</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF9AFFDD27F4FDC7FD74FDDB" blockId="27.[113,767,518,599]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
In both,
<taxonomicName id="4C444D6BFF9AFFDD2791FDC4FE43FDB5" authorityName="Smales" authorityYear="2020" box="[252,456,546,569]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Helgenema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="keablei">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF9AFFDD2791FDC4FE43FDB5" box="[252,456,546,569]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Helgenema keablei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C444D6BFF9AFFDD256BFDC4FDEDFDB5" authorityName="Smales" authorityYear="2021" box="[518,614,546,569]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Helgenema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lamia">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF9AFFDD256BFDC4FDEDFDB5" box="[518,614,546,569]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">H. lamia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, since rays 2 diverge first from the trunk 2-6, the bursal pattern is of
<typeStatus id="54FF884AFF9AFFDD25C9FDA6FD5BFDDB" box="[676,720,576,599]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">type</typeStatus>
1-4.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF9AFFDD271CFD9DFEBEFD1C" blockId="27.[113,309,635,656]" box="[113,309,635,656]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF9AFFDD271CFD9DFEBEFD1C" bold="true" box="[113,309,635,656]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">3.10.4 Conclusion</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF9AFFDD27F4FD52FDA1FC70" blockId="27.[113,768,692,1021]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
Without indication about the exact level of the sections, without the illustration of both sexes at the proximal part, and without precision on the material studied for the female sections (on same or different specimens),
<taxonomicName id="4C444D6BFF9AFFDD2691FCF6FD40FCAB" authorityName="Smales" authorityYear="2020" box="[508,715,784,807]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Helgenema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="keablei">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF9AFFDD2691FCF6FD40FCAB" box="[508,715,784,807]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Helgenema keablei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C444D6BFF9AFFDD271CFCC8FEB9FCC9" authorityName="Smales" authorityYear="2021" box="[113,306,814,837]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Helgenema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lamia">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF9AFFDD271CFCC8FEB9FCC9" box="[113,306,814,837]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Helgenema lamia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are considered
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF9AFFDD269FFCC8FD42FCC9" box="[498,713,814,837]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">species inquirendae</emphasis>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C444D6BFF9AFFDD271CFCABFF6DFCE8" authorityName="Smales" authorityYear="2020" box="[113,230,845,868]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Helgenema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF9AFFDD271CFCABFF6DFCE8" box="[113,230,845,868]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Helgenema</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
a
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF9AFFDD2666FCABFE5CFCE8" box="[267,471,845,868]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">genus inquirendum</emphasis>
. It would be possible that under
<taxonomicName id="4C444D6BFF9AFFDD27D5FC8DFEA6FC0E" authorityName="Smales" authorityYear="2020" box="[184,301,875,898]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Helgenema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF9AFFDD27D5FC8DFEA6FC0E" box="[184,301,875,898]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Helgenema</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
there are two or three different taxa, with the
<specimenCount id="9D42FD61FF9AFFDD27F1FC6CFE8FFC2D" box="[156,260,906,929]" count="2" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="generic" typeStatus="types">two types</specimenCount>
of synlophe recognized distributed as follows: “
<taxonomicName id="4C444D6BFF9AFFDD2710FC4EFF64FC33" authorityName="Smales" authorityYear="2020" box="[125,239,936,959]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Helgenema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="keablei">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF9AFFDD2710FC4EFF64FC33" box="[125,239,936,959]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">H. keablei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
” (midbody male section and proximal female section); “
<taxonomicName id="4C444D6BFF9AFFDD27B0FC21FEB3FC52" authorityName="Smales" authorityYear="2021" box="[221,312,967,990]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Helgenema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lamia">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF9AFFDD27B0FC21FEB3FC52" box="[221,312,967,990]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">H. lamia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
” (male and female);
<taxonomicName id="4C444D6BFF9AFFDD2577FC21FD53FC52" box="[538,728,967,990]" pageId="27" pageNumber="9" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Nippostrongylinae">Nippostrongylinae</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF9AFFDD258FFC21FD72FC52" box="[738,761,967,990]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">i.s</emphasis>
. 5 (midbody female section of
<taxonomicName id="4C444D6BFF9AFFDD26DCFC00FD90FC71" authorityName="Smales" authorityYear="2020" box="[433,539,998,1021]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Helgenema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="keablei">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF9AFFDD26DCFC00FD90FC71" box="[433,539,998,1021]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">H. keablei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>