174 lines
17 KiB
XML
174 lines
17 KiB
XML
<document id="2D2866C4C4C7D872E2A2BA0C7F77C4FC" ID-CLB-Dataset="21272" ID-DOI="10.1080/00222933.2015.1091106" ID-GBIF-Dataset="05d1bac2-fe53-42ba-a04d-bc4828adaf4e" ID-ISSN="1464-5262" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3990100" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1597771971732" checkinUser="carolina" docAuthor="Liseki, Steven D. & Vane-Wright, Richard I." docDate="2015" docId="03E687FCFFBAFF98495AFB8AFBEFFF5D" docLanguage="en" docName="JNATHIST.50.13-14.865-904.pdf" docOrigin="Journal of Natural History 50" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2015.1091106" docStyle="DocumentStyle:3C762F9783B768A90048B82ACD135A62.3:JNatHist.2017-.journal_article.0cover" docStyleId="3C762F9783B768A90048B82ACD135A62" docStyleName="JNatHist.2017-.journal_article.0cover" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Charaxes (Charaxes) protoclea subsp. azota Hewitson 1877" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="891" masterDocId="FFDFFF84FFA0FF834804FFE3FFBEFFB1" masterDocTitle="Butterflies (Lepidoptera: Papilionoidea) of Mount Kilimanjaro: Nymphalidae subfamilies Libytheinae, Danainae, Satyrinae and Charaxinae" masterLastPageNumber="904" masterPageNumber="865" pageNumber="891" updateTime="1698844713879" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:title id="D5FDDF7B4CCBE96861914554152BEEF5">Butterflies (Lepidoptera: Papilionoidea) of Mount Kilimanjaro: Nymphalidae subfamilies Libytheinae, Danainae, Satyrinae and Charaxinae</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="B50F14D03356C77417477E37CCEABC97">Liseki, Steven D.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="2CBE6B1996E595640FC05F6EE2190F01">Tanzania Wildlife Research Institute, Arusha, Tanzania; & Durrell Institute of Conservation and Ecology, School of Anthropology and Conservation, University of Kent, Canterbury, UK;</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="6BA2048A83E439548F8A2B1264BC424D">Vane-Wright, Richard I.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="68F46A7C8316CB3DA30F905BC6268043">Durrell Institute of Conservation and Ecology, School of Anthropology and Conservation, University of Kent, Canterbury, UK; & Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, London, UK; & School of Human and Life Sciences, Canterbury Christ Church University, Canterbury, UK</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="75E2BAB023833670D00DAED4A2650EBA">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="DAA3826CDECB0EC78E80DD170EF8E7FF">Journal of Natural History</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="B6697968785B2EE6AB62F8E71FEE1856">
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<mods:date id="1DAF090767033F1A223A30095E3FEECF">2015</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="A45D6582787AA7FF4D462BC77B9A05A0">2015-09-30</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="80EC3A83D8FCB36046FCF9E3D18D3E1B">50</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="773E891ACA14FBC4F9455CF832030053" type="CLB-Dataset">21272</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="38C5829115D220B8AA71019D0AA4E167" type="DOI">10.1080/00222933.2015.1091106</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03E687FCFFBAFF98495AFB8AFBEFFF5D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4339154" ID-GBIF-Taxon="167186701" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4339154" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E687FCFFBAFF98495AFB8AFBEFFF5D" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E687FCFFBAFF98495AFB8AFBEFFF5D" lastPageId="27" lastPageNumber="891" pageId="26" pageNumber="891">
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<subSubSection id="C3556561FFBAFF99495AFB8AFEC2FB68" pageId="26" pageNumber="891" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BF036EAFFBAFF99495AFB8AFC7BFB33" blockId="26.[350,965,1129,1154]" box="[350,965,1129,1154]" pageId="26" pageNumber="891">
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<heading id="D0B88186FFBAFF99495AFB8AFC7BFB33" box="[350,965,1129,1154]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="26" pageNumber="891" reason="2">
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<taxonomicName id="4C4F4D69FFBAFF99495AFB8AFC7BFB33" ID-CoL="5GDTQ" authority="Hewitson, 1877" authorityName="Hewitson" authorityYear="1877" box="[350,965,1129,1154]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Charaxes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="891" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="protoclea" subGenus="Charaxes" subSpecies="azota">
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<emphasis id="B93BEAF8FFBAFF99495AFB8AFE78FB33" box="[350,454,1129,1154]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="891">Charaxes</emphasis>
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(
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<emphasis id="B93BEAF8FFBAFF9949D3FB8AFD81FB33" box="[471,575,1129,1154]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="891">Charaxes</emphasis>
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)
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<emphasis id="B93BEAF8FFBAFF994A54FB8AFCBBFB33" box="[592,773,1129,1154]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="891">protoclea azota</emphasis>
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Hewitson, 1877
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BF036EAFFBAFF9948A4FB7DFEC2FB68" blockId="26.[160,1156,1182,1345]" pageId="26" pageNumber="891">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFDE4B1BFFBAFF9948A4FB7DFED7FB07" author="Henning SF" box="[160,361,1182,1206]" pageId="26" pageNumber="891" refId="ref22224" refString="Henning SF. 1989. The Charaxinae Butterflies of Africa. Johannesburg: Aloe." type="book" year="1989">Henning 1989: 63</bibRefCitation>
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,64 (4 figs).
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<bibRefCitation id="EFDE4B1BFFBAFF9949E9FB7DFDCBFB07" author="Larsen TB" box="[493,629,1182,1206]" pageId="26" pageNumber="891" refId="ref22516" refString="Larsen TB. 1996. The Butterflies of Kenya and their Natural History. 2 nd ed. Oxford (UK): Oxford University Press." type="book" year="1996">Larsen 1996</bibRefCitation>
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||
: pl. 31, fig. 451 i,ii. d
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<emphasis id="B93BEAF8FFBAFF994B66FB7DFCD6FB07" box="[866,872,1182,1206]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="891">’</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFDE4B1BFFBAFF994B63FB7DFB96FB07" author="Abrera B" box="[871,1064,1182,1206]" pageId="26" pageNumber="891" refId="ref21960" refString="d ' Abrera B. 2004. Butterflies of the Afrotropical Region (2 nd edn). Part II. Nymphalidae, Libytheidae. Melbourne: Hill House." type="book" year="2004">Abrera 2004: 475</bibRefCitation>
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(2 figs). SI: Figure 26a
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<emphasis id="B93BEAF8FFBAFF99495EFB23FED9FB69" box="[346,359,1216,1240]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="891">–</emphasis>
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d.
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C3556561FFBAFF9848A4FB00FBEFFF5D" lastPageId="27" lastPageNumber="892" pageId="26" pageNumber="891" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BF036EAFFBAFF9948A4FB00FC08FAF0" blockId="26.[160,1156,1182,1345]" pageId="26" pageNumber="891">
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Forewing length: male
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<quantity id="4CB79B0FFFBAFF9949B0FB00FDFAFB4A" box="[436,580,1251,1275]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.325" metricValueMax="4.8" metricValueMin="3.85" pageId="26" pageNumber="891" unit="mm" value="43.25" valueMax="48.0" valueMin="38.5">
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||
38.5
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<emphasis id="B93BEAF8FFBAFF9949E7FB00FE4EFB4A" box="[483,496,1251,1275]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="891">–</emphasis>
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||
48 mm
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</quantity>
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||
[mean (
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<emphasis id="B93BEAF8FFBAFF994AA8FB00FD04FB4A" box="[684,698,1251,1275]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="891">n</emphasis>
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||
= 11)
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||
<quantity id="4CB79B0FFFBAFF994B16FB00FC34FB4A" box="[786,906,1251,1275]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.305" pageId="26" pageNumber="891" unit="mm" value="43.05">43.05 mm</quantity>
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, SD = 2.081]; female
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<quantity id="4CB79B0FFFBAFF9948C4FAE5FE87FAAF" box="[192,313,1286,1310]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.85" metricValueMax="5.2" metricValueMin="4.5" pageId="26" pageNumber="891" unit="mm" value="48.5" valueMax="52.0" valueMin="45.0">
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45
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<emphasis id="B93BEAF8FFBAFF9948DFFAE5FF56FAAF" box="[219,232,1286,1310]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="891">–</emphasis>
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52 mm
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||
</quantity>
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||
[mean (
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||
<emphasis id="B93BEAF8FFBAFF99499EFAE5FE16FAAF" box="[410,424,1286,1310]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="891">n</emphasis>
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||
= 11)
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||
<quantity id="4CB79B0FFFBAFF9949F2FAE5FDD5FAAF" box="[502,619,1286,1310]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.833" pageId="26" pageNumber="891" unit="mm" value="48.33">48.33 mm</quantity>
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, SD = 1.940].
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDE4B1BFFBAFF994B0EFAE5FC59FAAF" author="van Someren VGL" box="[778,999,1286,1310]" pageId="26" pageNumber="891" pagination="181 - 226" refId="ref24170" refString="van Someren VGL. 1971. Revisional notes on African Charaxes (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae). Part VII. Bull Br Mus (Nat Hist) Entomol. 26: 181 - 226, 11 pls." type="book chapter" year="1971">van Someren (1971</bibRefCitation>
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||
, p. 206) gave male forewing length as
|
||
<quantity id="4CB79B0FFFBAFF9949DBFACAFDE4FAF0" box="[479,602,1320,1345]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.1" metricValueMax="4.2" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="26" pageNumber="891" unit="mm" value="41.0" valueMax="42.0" valueMin="40.0">
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||
40
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||
<emphasis id="B93BEAF8FFBAFF9949FEFACBFDB9FAF1" box="[506,519,1320,1344]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="891">–</emphasis>
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||
42 mm
|
||
</quantity>
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||
, female
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||
<emphasis id="B93BEAF8FFBAFF994ABFFACBFD7FFAF1" box="[699,705,1320,1344]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="891">‘</emphasis>
|
||
42
|
||
<emphasis id="B93BEAF8FFBAFF994AD8FACBFD57FAF1" box="[732,745,1320,1344]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="891">–</emphasis>
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||
48, mostly 45
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||
<emphasis id="B93BEAF8FFBAFF994B86FACBFC31FAF1" box="[898,911,1320,1344]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="891">–</emphasis>
|
||
46
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||
<emphasis id="B93BEAF8FFBAFF994BAFFACBFC0EFAF1" box="[939,944,1320,1344]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="891">’</emphasis>
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||
.
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||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF036EAFFBAFF9948A4FA8EFF42FA36" blockId="26.[160,1156,1389,1727]" box="[160,252,1389,1415]" pageId="26" pageNumber="891">
|
||
<heading id="D0B88186FFBAFF9948A4FA8EFF42FA36" box="[160,252,1389,1415]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="26" pageNumber="891" reason="5">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93BEAF8FFBAFF9948A4FA8EFF42FA36" bold="true" box="[160,252,1389,1415]" inLineHeading="true" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="891" reason="3">Records</emphasis>
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||
</heading>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8BF036EAFFBAFF9848A4FA71FBEFFF5D" blockId="26.[160,1156,1389,1727]" lastBlockId="27.[160,1156,142,236]" lastPageId="27" lastPageNumber="892" pageId="26" pageNumber="891">
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Forests, woodland and coastal bush, up to
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<quantity id="4CB79B0FFFBAFF994A93FA71FD4EFA1B" box="[663,752,1426,1450]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" pageId="26" pageNumber="891" unit="m" value="1700.0">1700 m</quantity>
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, in northeastern, eastern, southern and southwestern parts of
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<collectingCountry id="F358767AFFBAFF9949FDFA56FDE1FA7C" box="[505,607,1461,1485]" name="Tanzania" pageId="26" pageNumber="891">Tanzania</collectingCountry>
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, inland to North Pare, Nguru and Ukaguru Mountains (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFDE4B1BFFBAFF99492DFA34FE76FA5E" author="Kielland J" box="[297,456,1495,1519]" pageId="26" pageNumber="891" refId="ref22372" refString="Kielland J. 1990. Butterflies of Tanzania. Melbourne: Hill House." type="book" year="1990">Kielland 1990</bibRefCitation>
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, p. 108). There is no
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<collectingRegion id="498BF808FFBAFF994AD5FA34FCF1FA5E" box="[721,847,1495,1519]" country="Tanzania" name="Kilimanjaro" pageId="26" pageNumber="891">Kilimanjaro</collectingRegion>
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area material in OUMNH, but the BMNH has a pair from Engare Sero,
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<collectingRegion id="498BF808FFBAFF994AAEFA19FD46F9A3" box="[682,760,1530,1554]" country="Tanzania" name="Arusha" pageId="26" pageNumber="891">Arusha</collectingRegion>
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National Park, collected by A.H.B. Rydon.
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<bibRefCitation id="EFDE4B1BFFBAFF9948FCF9FEFE1CF984" author="Cordeiro NJ" box="[248,418,1565,1589]" pageId="26" pageNumber="891" pagination="194 - 198" refId="ref21902" refString="Cordeiro NJ. 1995. Interesting distribution records of butterflies from northern Tanzania. Metamorphosis. 6: 194 - 198." type="journal article" year="1995">Cordeiro (1995</bibRefCitation>
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, p. 195), however, records
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<emphasis id="B93BEAF8FFBAFF994AE5F9FEFCA0F984" box="[737,798,1565,1589]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="891">azota</emphasis>
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from the southern foothills of
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<collectingRegion id="498BF808FFBAFF9948A4F9DCFE9FF9E6" box="[160,289,1599,1623]" country="Tanzania" name="Kilimanjaro" pageId="26" pageNumber="891">Kilimanjaro</collectingRegion>
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, notably near rivers such as the Karanga, abundantly at Rau Groundwater Forest Reserve, and frequently in the Kahe Forest. Not encountered by
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<bibRefCitation id="EFDE4B1BFFBAFF994BB9F981FBF7F9CB" author="Liseki SD" box="[957,1097,1634,1658]" pageId="26" pageNumber="891" refId="ref22668" refString="Liseki SD 2009. Butterfly diversity and its relevance to conservation in north-eastern Tanzania [PhD thesis]. Canterbury (UK): University of Kent." type="book" year="2009">Liseki (2009)</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<emphasis id="B93BEAF8FFBAFF994C50F981FF63F92C" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="891">C. p. azota</emphasis>
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is included here as a member of the lower slopes fauna. Beyond
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||
<collectingCountry id="F358767AFFBAFF994BF4F966FBEDF92C" box="[1008,1107,1669,1693]" name="Tanzania" pageId="26" pageNumber="891">Tanzania</collectingCountry>
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the subspecies occurs in
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<collectingCountry id="F358767AFFBAFF9949AFF944FE51F90E" box="[427,495,1703,1727]" name="Kenya" pageId="26" pageNumber="891">Kenya</collectingCountry>
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(coast and Shimba Hills), south to parts of
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||
<collectingCountry id="F358767AFFBAFF994C2AF944FB3EF90E" box="[1070,1152,1703,1727]" name="Malawi" pageId="26" pageNumber="891">Malawi</collectingCountry>
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||
,
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||
<collectingCountry id="F358767AFFBBFF9848A4FF6DFEA4FF17" box="[160,282,142,166]" name="Zimbabwe" pageId="27" pageNumber="892">Zimbabwe</collectingCountry>
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||
,
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||
<collectingCountry id="F358767AFFBBFF98492CFF6DFEC2FF17" box="[296,380,142,166]" name="Zambia" pageId="27" pageNumber="892">Zambia</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
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||
<collectingCountry id="F358767AFFBBFF9849B8FF6DFDF1FF17" box="[444,591,142,166]" name="Mozambique" pageId="27" pageNumber="892">Mozambique</collectingCountry>
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||
and
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<collectingCountry id="F358767AFFBBFF984A8AFF6DFCA0FF17" box="[654,798,142,166]" name="South Africa" pageId="27" pageNumber="892">South Africa</collectingCountry>
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||
.
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<taxonomicName id="4C4F4D69FFBBFF984B2FFF6DFB3AFF17" authority="Feisthamel" authorityName="Feisthamel" authorityYear="1850" box="[811,1156,142,166]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Charaxes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="892" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="protoclea">
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<emphasis id="B93BEAF8FFBBFF984B2FFF6DFC41FF17" box="[811,1023,142,166]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="892">Charaxes protoclea</emphasis>
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Feisthamel
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</taxonomicName>
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includes six named subspecies, ranging collectively through lowland forests from
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<collectingCountry id="F358767AFFBBFF9848A4FF37FF47FF5D" box="[160,249,212,236]" name="Senegal" pageId="27" pageNumber="892">Senegal</collectingCountry>
|
||
to northern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F358767AFFBBFF984989FF37FE61FF5D" box="[397,479,212,236]" name="Angola" pageId="27" pageNumber="892">Angola</collectingCountry>
|
||
, east to
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F358767AFFBBFF984A46FF37FD24FF5D" box="[578,666,212,236]" name="Uganda" pageId="27" pageNumber="892">Uganda</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
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<collectingCountry id="F358767AFFBBFF984AD2FF37FCA4FF5D" box="[726,794,212,236]" name="Kenya" pageId="27" pageNumber="892">Kenya</collectingCountry>
|
||
and south to
|
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<collectingCountry id="F358767AFFBBFF984BBBFF37FBF3FF5D" box="[959,1101,212,236]" name="South Africa" pageId="27" pageNumber="892">South Africa</collectingCountry>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |