Butterflies (Lepidoptera: Papilionoidea) of Mount Kilimanjaro: Nymphalidae subfamilies Libytheinae, Danainae, Satyrinae and Charaxinae Author Liseki, Steven D. Tanzania Wildlife Research Institute, Arusha, Tanzania; & Durrell Institute of Conservation and Ecology, School of Anthropology and Conservation, University of Kent, Canterbury, UK; Author Vane-Wright, Richard I. Durrell Institute of Conservation and Ecology, School of Anthropology and Conservation, University of Kent, Canterbury, UK; & Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, London, UK; & School of Human and Life Sciences, Canterbury Christ Church University, Canterbury, UK text Journal of Natural History 2015 2015-09-30 50 865 904 http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2015.1091106 journal article 21272 10.1080/00222933.2015.1091106 05d1bac2-fe53-42ba-a04d-bc4828adaf4e 1464-5262 3990100 Charaxes ( Charaxes ) protoclea azota Hewitson, 1877 Henning 1989: 63 ,64 (4 figs). Larsen 1996 : pl. 31, fig. 451 i,ii. d ’ Abrera 2004: 475 (2 figs). SI: Figure 26a – d. Forewing length: male 38.5 – 48 mm [mean ( n = 11) 43.05 mm , SD = 2.081]; female 45 – 52 mm [mean ( n = 11) 48.33 mm , SD = 1.940]. van Someren (1971 , p. 206) gave male forewing length as 40 – 42 mm , female ‘ 42 – 48, mostly 45 – 46 ’ . Records Forests, woodland and coastal bush, up to 1700 m , in northeastern, eastern, southern and southwestern parts of Tanzania , inland to North Pare, Nguru and Ukaguru Mountains ( Kielland 1990 , p. 108). There is no Kilimanjaro area material in OUMNH, but the BMNH has a pair from Engare Sero, Arusha National Park, collected by A.H.B. Rydon. Cordeiro (1995 , p. 195), however, records azota from the southern foothills of Kilimanjaro , notably near rivers such as the Karanga, abundantly at Rau Groundwater Forest Reserve, and frequently in the Kahe Forest. Not encountered by Liseki (2009) , C. p. azota is included here as a member of the lower slopes fauna. Beyond Tanzania the subspecies occurs in Kenya (coast and Shimba Hills), south to parts of Malawi , Zimbabwe , Zambia and Mozambique and South Africa . Charaxes protoclea Feisthamel includes six named subspecies, ranging collectively through lowland forests from Senegal to northern Angola , east to Uganda and Kenya and south to South Africa .