treatments-xml/data/ED/E9/DE/EDE9DE1671E65E0CB1D93A755E86E195.xml

200 lines
35 KiB
XML
Raw Blame History

This file contains ambiguous Unicode characters

This file contains Unicode characters that might be confused with other characters. If you think that this is intentional, you can safely ignore this warning. Use the Escape button to reveal them.

<document ID-CLB-Dataset="33135" ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.55.11482" ID-GBIF-Dataset="310c95ad-8bf1-4955-acfb-c1368c0222a7" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2607-55-139" ID-Pensoft-UUID="FFF5667EAD5E7A6FFFEC2B6CFFB7D800" ID-ZBK="0E1B0A14F8714CD89F2910B255677621" ID-Zenodo-Dep="575140" ID-ZooBank="0E1B0A14F8714CD89F2910B255677621" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2017" ModsDocID="1314-2607-55-139" ModsDocOrigin="Journal of Hymenoptera Research 55" ModsDocTitle="Biting the bullet: revisionary notes on the Oraseminae of the Old World (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea, Eucharitidae)" checkinTime="1493464749952" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Burks, Roger A., Heraty, John M., Mottern, Jason, Dominguez, Chrysalyn &amp; Heacox, Scott" docDate="2017" docId="EDE9DE1671E65E0CB1D93A755E86E195" docLanguage="en" docName="JourHymenoptRes 55: 139-188" docOrigin="Journal of Hymenoptera Research 55" docPubDate="2017-04-28" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.55.11482" docTitle="Leiosema Heraty &amp; Burks 2017, gen. n." docType="treatment" docUuid="F7181858-49AC-491A-ABD2-6E035D26DBFF" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="6" id="FFF5667EAD5E7A6FFFEC2B6CFFB7D800" lastPageNumber="169" masterDocId="FFF5667EAD5E7A6FFFEC2B6CFFB7D800" masterDocTitle="Biting the bullet: revisionary notes on the Oraseminae of the Old World (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea, Eucharitidae)" masterLastPageNumber="188" masterPageNumber="139" pageNumber="169" updateTime="1732937005971" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods id="15FC74698F484B8E5F01F9138530F978" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="C3C4AE8B149C2C608E32708F8CDCC9C8">
<mods:title id="3FF38B0D6951E0F5B40782A8BDBE2D4B">Biting the bullet: revisionary notes on the Oraseminae of the Old World (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea, Eucharitidae)</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="164C2F958EDF5CA87CD097D1AA172BCF" type="personal">
<mods:role id="0724B657F37FED9B6659D9C0F9132720">
<mods:roleTerm id="44799BE346147B648ED867EEA7905907">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="8358BB139C3C6B8A18918FC9232F2CC9">Burks, Roger A.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="EB1FE2E03805925FFA50CE868CD371EF">Department of Entomology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="D371081E9436170D30287CBB1D0EAA3B" type="personal">
<mods:role id="D0CB935F9F3679DF8322260ABA424105">
<mods:roleTerm id="C720517F35FAFC2C89BEB9A14D5D4E69">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="98F31BA30188815E167CF2554778A501">Heraty, John M.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="90C161A1D2ECA0F404CE8F8617CF4D19">Department of Entomology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="D1CB60147ABE0994381F3A3006C53C8D" type="email">john.heraty@ucr.edu</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="F474F1B4E28B8575ABDB3BC507FF0EC9" type="personal">
<mods:role id="71DD998ADFC5E8BCA6A27EB39ABABC90">
<mods:roleTerm id="A9689A32D10AF2957E0DAABFBCE9D791">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="1A48AC4597E1B224DBB1918B4ACA99E8">Mottern, Jason</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="E2572C86EA4550991F4989F5E1F32E09">Department of Entomology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521 &amp; USDA Systematic Entomology Laboratory, Washington, DC 20013 - 7012</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="B2BB6889489E39FC4D36CB268405EFBF" type="personal">
<mods:role id="323906D81DFB7E7CF3B35282C2900B38">
<mods:roleTerm id="341F65DBB1A4EE68947A61C332D9CB4F">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="422E32FF9A6DE3026BAC2CFF45731C7F">Dominguez, Chrysalyn</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="B6FA69E35553DEDEE03EE26262F9463B">Department of Entomology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="0D93618F7A4630918541CFC85C54A091" type="personal">
<mods:role id="1A808BF0CB3A8ABD56C10C9ED248185E">
<mods:roleTerm id="9952121C02D614D6C810B8A3354FA867">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="D95E8627D95DD0314CBE926963E48A2A">Heacox, Scott</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="5B6679892FAA4D24409A62CEBAD5C53E">Department of Entomology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="E138E54CB158945776607CA7A03CF084">text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem id="C791F7948872D89640155A702F2B6C95" type="host">
<mods:titleInfo id="81D20837EE48FDA6772235B4AF3D1B22">
<mods:title id="B6432C717E394104E5A84E71F0869B32">Journal of Hymenoptera Research</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="C8FD1FE93096599775AE7ACA799A5E77">
<mods:date id="9ABDFF97CCF533A6B61C81ADB2B48029">2017</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="E02BA145748C069F98A5B54CDE1B2217" type="pubDate">
<mods:number id="BD6128AC9E6CE290C7093C95BB5F38E5">2017-04-28</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="40BBD97380C3FB5891657CF8280A1CA6" type="volume">
<mods:number id="EF370B926B69E7E2426B2033EDDDE73E">55</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent id="D3F895D90967C40499BC43F533B2A64D" unit="page">
<mods:start id="6BAAF89ED846A3C847B87B86B39CAA85">139</mods:start>
<mods:end id="53D510CC65440F4289906DCDEDECCAA9">188</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:location id="DD7421EE09CB4E336F5D04560E1944A0">
<mods:url id="814993D1F1B82314E98152481BCA034D">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.55.11482</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification id="BBC2D6E82F64356075B894575F757426">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="05778090826AD3202775ED2B9750C3B6" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.55.11482</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="748BD6D63FA3E21CD286CBC3B6944C7B" type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2607-55-139</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="1278B16379DBD13852203BDA6E3E3FD4" type="ZooBank">0E1B0A14F8714CD89F2910B255677621</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="1916CBAD241F1AD141BDBA48ABD814F7" type="Pensoft-UUID">FFF5667EAD5E7A6FFFEC2B6CFFB7D800</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="18DF629067CD712C007C89E18FF6160E" type="Zenodo-Dep">575140</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="EDE9DE1671E65E0CB1D93A755E86E195" ID-GBIF-Taxon="128834687" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:F7181858-49AC-491A-ABD2-6E035D26DBFF" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/EDE9DE1671E65E0CB1D93A755E86E195" lastPageNumber="169" pageId="30" pageNumber="169" scope_family="Eucharitidae" scope_order="Hymenoptera" scope_superFamily="Chalcidoidea">
<subSubSection id="A29BCE5DA18872117B53CD9E706FB484" pageId="30" pageNumber="169" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="7E970FA6D748F0BFC32959CD86C22497" pageId="30" pageNumber="169">
<taxonomicName id="8E458981E56C4EE88BC813B84686E030" LSID="http://zoobank.org/F7181858-49AC-491A-ABD2-6E035D26DBFF" authority="Heraty &amp; Burks" authorityName="Heraty &amp; Burks" authorityYear="2017" class="Insecta" family="Eucharitidae" genus="Leiosema" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leiosema" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="169" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. n.">Leiosema Heraty &amp; Burks</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="6F7ABCC7735B40546A41E681A7D909BE" pageId="30" pageNumber="169">gen. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
<figureCitation id="291908F95387A03E61E6CFAEE0694660" captionStart="Figs 5667" captionStartId="F13" captionText="Figs 56 - 67. Leiosema glabra. Male: 56 antenna, lateral (Tanzania, TZ) 57 head, frontal, (Yemen) 58 head, oblique (TZ). Female holotype 59 head and mesosoma, dorsal; Male: 60 head and mesosoma, dorsal (South Africa) 63 mesosoma, lateral (SA) 65 wings, dorsal (TZ) 66 stigmal vein (TZ) 67 propodeum and petiole, oblique (TZ). Leiosema lesiolouna. Holotype male: 61 head and mesosoma, dorsal 62 head, oblique 64 head and mesosoma, lateral. acr = acrosternite; apc = anterior petiolar carina; F = flagellomere; frn = frenum; lbr = labrum; no 1 = pronotum; scp = scape; vp = ventral pores." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.55.11482.figs56-67" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/134124" pageId="30" pageNumber="169">Figs 56</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="9FB445C9099647D9E70585445E507CE4" captionStart="Figs 5667" captionStartId="F13" captionText="Figs 56 - 67. Leiosema glabra. Male: 56 antenna, lateral (Tanzania, TZ) 57 head, frontal, (Yemen) 58 head, oblique (TZ). Female holotype 59 head and mesosoma, dorsal; Male: 60 head and mesosoma, dorsal (South Africa) 63 mesosoma, lateral (SA) 65 wings, dorsal (TZ) 66 stigmal vein (TZ) 67 propodeum and petiole, oblique (TZ). Leiosema lesiolouna. Holotype male: 61 head and mesosoma, dorsal 62 head, oblique 64 head and mesosoma, lateral. acr = acrosternite; apc = anterior petiolar carina; F = flagellomere; frn = frenum; lbr = labrum; no 1 = pronotum; scp = scape; vp = ventral pores." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.55.11482.figs56-67" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/134124" pageId="30" pageNumber="169">, 67</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="500DC8C740E0BE47F11857DA39FCFE4A" pageId="30" pageNumber="169" type="type species">
<paragraph id="9B7457C9C32467A838E907F811BE6EE2" pageId="30" pageNumber="169">Type species.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7595054AE9968D5E7EA85F88D01EA992" pageId="30" pageNumber="169">
<taxonomicName id="C0C210FBF8BBB423ADC8413E5D0D1332" authorityName="Burks &amp; Heraty &amp; Mottern &amp; Dominguez &amp; Heacox" authorityYear="2017" baseAuthorityName="Burks &amp; Heraty &amp; Mottern &amp; Dominguez &amp; Heacox" baseAuthorityYear="2017" class="Insecta" family="Eucharitidae" genus="Orasema" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Orasema glabra" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="169" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="glabra">
<emphasis id="1FC4C926E7E66541E5D95F387F5C28FD" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="169">Orasema glabra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Heraty, 1994: 72-73, figs 119, 125-128, 130, 132.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="6051978C492A5174E47515D3B6A86AA9" pageId="30" pageNumber="169" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="F49967D6D3DE3A62FA9F2BC6C56C556D" pageId="30" pageNumber="169">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="08AADF0DF15B47A5E6CB0F3EC028D156" pageId="30" pageNumber="169">
Combination of the Greek
<normalizedToken id="36A1CCE9B97885041CCF1EBB67AFDF03" originalValue="λεῖος">λεῖος</normalizedToken>
(
<emphasis id="8D1C29D177FEEAC1C46D475D9C5E4D6F" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="169">leios</emphasis>
) for smooth and a contraction of
<taxonomicName id="3EAFCF46C2AC451D602304FC52D57AA2" authorityName="Burks &amp; Heraty &amp; Mottern &amp; Dominguez &amp; Heacox" authorityYear="2017" class="Insecta" family="Eucharitidae" genus="Orasema" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Orasema" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="169" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B0AA6B81547AB2210344E4D4694FBEEF" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="169">Orasema</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, referring to the smooth and polished head and frenum; gender feminine.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="75D86FB54CAE4E76741EF1ACBDBE119D" pageId="30" pageNumber="169" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="A55248586F488E1A6C962C846B441D94" pageId="30" pageNumber="169">Discussion.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5AF886F378C4ADA1EDFBF3B4774D3009" pageId="30" pageNumber="169">
Originally treated within
<taxonomicName id="2B9F9846E1BC0F5B912A9F34B13542A0" authorityName="Burks &amp; Heraty &amp; Mottern &amp; Dominguez &amp; Heacox" authorityYear="2017" class="Insecta" family="Eucharitidae" genus="Orasema" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Orasema" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="169" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="2BB84C220127634714A009BE75BBB185" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="169">Orasema</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as the
<taxonomicName id="49DFB77B34F077354AB88092A4DC37DC" authorityName="Burks &amp; Heraty &amp; Mottern &amp; Dominguez &amp; Heacox" authorityYear="2017" baseAuthorityName="Burks &amp; Heraty &amp; Mottern &amp; Dominguez &amp; Heacox" baseAuthorityYear="2017" class="Insecta" family="Eucharitidae" genus="Orasema" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="glabra" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="169" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="glabra">
<emphasis id="C3FA4B8B318A2A29309CFABC7A06DF32" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="169">glabra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group by
<bibRefCitation id="C6011177EFD62C2E6DD31D826A453B69" DOI="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.53489" author="Heraty, JM" journalOrPublisher="Life Sciences Contributions, Royal Ontario Museum" pageId="46" pageNumber="185" pagination="1 - 174" refId="B10" refString="Heraty, JM, 1994. Classification and evolution of the Oraseminae in the Old World, with revisions of two closely related genera of Eucharitinae (Hymenoptera: Eucharitidae). Life Sciences Contributions, Royal Ontario Museum 157: 1 - 174, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.53489" title="Classification and evolution of the Oraseminae in the Old World, with revisions of two closely related genera of Eucharitinae (Hymenoptera: Eucharitidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.53489" volume="157" year="1994">Heraty (1994</bibRefCitation>
: p. 72).
<bibRefCitation id="94E7E36ED5C3E1153850987E0B909DA8" DOI="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.53489" author="Heraty, JM" journalOrPublisher="Life Sciences Contributions, Royal Ontario Museum" pageId="46" pageNumber="185" pagination="1 - 174" refId="B10" refString="Heraty, JM, 1994. Classification and evolution of the Oraseminae in the Old World, with revisions of two closely related genera of Eucharitinae (Hymenoptera: Eucharitidae). Life Sciences Contributions, Royal Ontario Museum 157: 1 - 174, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.53489" title="Classification and evolution of the Oraseminae in the Old World, with revisions of two closely related genera of Eucharitinae (Hymenoptera: Eucharitidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.53489" volume="157" year="1994">Heraty (1994)</bibRefCitation>
speculated that some of the characteristic features were shared with species in the New World
<emphasis id="80E6D6BA24E1A59BC30A6B1014825C13" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="169">coloradensis</emphasis>
group. However, there is a greater similarity with
<taxonomicName id="D9B38BA53A9C912B914F4AE0307D9661" authorityName="Heraty &amp; Burks" authorityYear="2017" class="Insecta" family="Eucharitidae" genus="Zuparka" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Zuparka" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="169" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="D0FB6054E5D5D5CEC1B85328E1E89EC6" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="169">Zuparka</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Madagascar), including the entirely smooth face (Figs
<figureCitation id="EB82A4C00F161605901243E2657E79E0" captionStart="Figs 5667" captionStartId="F13" captionText="Figs 56 - 67. Leiosema glabra. Male: 56 antenna, lateral (Tanzania, TZ) 57 head, frontal, (Yemen) 58 head, oblique (TZ). Female holotype 59 head and mesosoma, dorsal; Male: 60 head and mesosoma, dorsal (South Africa) 63 mesosoma, lateral (SA) 65 wings, dorsal (TZ) 66 stigmal vein (TZ) 67 propodeum and petiole, oblique (TZ). Leiosema lesiolouna. Holotype male: 61 head and mesosoma, dorsal 62 head, oblique 64 head and mesosoma, lateral. acr = acrosternite; apc = anterior petiolar carina; F = flagellomere; frn = frenum; lbr = labrum; no 1 = pronotum; scp = scape; vp = ventral pores." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.55.11482.figs56-67" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/134124" pageId="30" pageNumber="169">57</figureCitation>
-
<figureCitation id="1434536DB0B3CBD33FEA19AF3C5DE068" captionStart="Figs 5667" captionStartId="F13" captionText="Figs 56 - 67. Leiosema glabra. Male: 56 antenna, lateral (Tanzania, TZ) 57 head, frontal, (Yemen) 58 head, oblique (TZ). Female holotype 59 head and mesosoma, dorsal; Male: 60 head and mesosoma, dorsal (South Africa) 63 mesosoma, lateral (SA) 65 wings, dorsal (TZ) 66 stigmal vein (TZ) 67 propodeum and petiole, oblique (TZ). Leiosema lesiolouna. Holotype male: 61 head and mesosoma, dorsal 62 head, oblique 64 head and mesosoma, lateral. acr = acrosternite; apc = anterior petiolar carina; F = flagellomere; frn = frenum; lbr = labrum; no 1 = pronotum; scp = scape; vp = ventral pores." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.55.11482.figs56-67" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/134124" pageId="30" pageNumber="169">58</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="0CC4AFEBCB337C2D9256AEE59D9E77AD" captionStart="Figs 5667" captionStartId="F13" captionText="Figs 56 - 67. Leiosema glabra. Male: 56 antenna, lateral (Tanzania, TZ) 57 head, frontal, (Yemen) 58 head, oblique (TZ). Female holotype 59 head and mesosoma, dorsal; Male: 60 head and mesosoma, dorsal (South Africa) 63 mesosoma, lateral (SA) 65 wings, dorsal (TZ) 66 stigmal vein (TZ) 67 propodeum and petiole, oblique (TZ). Leiosema lesiolouna. Holotype male: 61 head and mesosoma, dorsal 62 head, oblique 64 head and mesosoma, lateral. acr = acrosternite; apc = anterior petiolar carina; F = flagellomere; frn = frenum; lbr = labrum; no 1 = pronotum; scp = scape; vp = ventral pores." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.55.11482.figs56-67" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/134124" pageId="30" pageNumber="169">62</figureCitation>
), scrobal channels with dorsal foveae (Fig.
<figureCitation id="FE4718CADB0F2D6F7CC99D51A4CBE547" captionStart="Figs 5667" captionStartId="F13" captionText="Figs 56 - 67. Leiosema glabra. Male: 56 antenna, lateral (Tanzania, TZ) 57 head, frontal, (Yemen) 58 head, oblique (TZ). Female holotype 59 head and mesosoma, dorsal; Male: 60 head and mesosoma, dorsal (South Africa) 63 mesosoma, lateral (SA) 65 wings, dorsal (TZ) 66 stigmal vein (TZ) 67 propodeum and petiole, oblique (TZ). Leiosema lesiolouna. Holotype male: 61 head and mesosoma, dorsal 62 head, oblique 64 head and mesosoma, lateral. acr = acrosternite; apc = anterior petiolar carina; F = flagellomere; frn = frenum; lbr = labrum; no 1 = pronotum; scp = scape; vp = ventral pores." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.55.11482.figs56-67" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/134124" pageId="30" pageNumber="169">57</figureCitation>
), labrum with 4 digits (Figs
<figureCitation id="D5611B7024440E2199755A8467A33BAC" captionStart="Figs 5667" captionStartId="F13" captionText="Figs 56 - 67. Leiosema glabra. Male: 56 antenna, lateral (Tanzania, TZ) 57 head, frontal, (Yemen) 58 head, oblique (TZ). Female holotype 59 head and mesosoma, dorsal; Male: 60 head and mesosoma, dorsal (South Africa) 63 mesosoma, lateral (SA) 65 wings, dorsal (TZ) 66 stigmal vein (TZ) 67 propodeum and petiole, oblique (TZ). Leiosema lesiolouna. Holotype male: 61 head and mesosoma, dorsal 62 head, oblique 64 head and mesosoma, lateral. acr = acrosternite; apc = anterior petiolar carina; F = flagellomere; frn = frenum; lbr = labrum; no 1 = pronotum; scp = scape; vp = ventral pores." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.55.11482.figs56-67" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/134124" pageId="30" pageNumber="169">57</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="9CD2041B655CF251B5FEED875F72B1BD" captionStart="Figs 5667" captionStartId="F13" captionText="Figs 56 - 67. Leiosema glabra. Male: 56 antenna, lateral (Tanzania, TZ) 57 head, frontal, (Yemen) 58 head, oblique (TZ). Female holotype 59 head and mesosoma, dorsal; Male: 60 head and mesosoma, dorsal (South Africa) 63 mesosoma, lateral (SA) 65 wings, dorsal (TZ) 66 stigmal vein (TZ) 67 propodeum and petiole, oblique (TZ). Leiosema lesiolouna. Holotype male: 61 head and mesosoma, dorsal 62 head, oblique 64 head and mesosoma, lateral. acr = acrosternite; apc = anterior petiolar carina; F = flagellomere; frn = frenum; lbr = labrum; no 1 = pronotum; scp = scape; vp = ventral pores." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.55.11482.figs56-67" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/134124" pageId="30" pageNumber="169">62</figureCitation>
), and fore wing with bare basal area and speculum (Fig.
<figureCitation id="83574DA871137797DCB4F590F1512842" captionStart="Figs 5667" captionStartId="F13" captionText="Figs 56 - 67. Leiosema glabra. Male: 56 antenna, lateral (Tanzania, TZ) 57 head, frontal, (Yemen) 58 head, oblique (TZ). Female holotype 59 head and mesosoma, dorsal; Male: 60 head and mesosoma, dorsal (South Africa) 63 mesosoma, lateral (SA) 65 wings, dorsal (TZ) 66 stigmal vein (TZ) 67 propodeum and petiole, oblique (TZ). Leiosema lesiolouna. Holotype male: 61 head and mesosoma, dorsal 62 head, oblique 64 head and mesosoma, lateral. acr = acrosternite; apc = anterior petiolar carina; F = flagellomere; frn = frenum; lbr = labrum; no 1 = pronotum; scp = scape; vp = ventral pores." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.55.11482.figs56-67" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/134124" pageId="30" pageNumber="169">65</figureCitation>
). However,
<taxonomicName id="C6B68EFC261EC7331ACA4164354314D7" authorityName="Heraty &amp; Burks" authorityYear="2017" class="Insecta" family="Eucharitidae" genus="Zuparka" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Zuparka" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="169" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="45F28301A460263CDF92974A565F907F" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="169">Zuparka</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has a laterally smooth or very weakly sculptured propodeal disc (Figs
<figureCitation id="05E1DE6626150DB8443CB5EEA315B172" captionStart="Figures 6873" captionStartId="F14" captionText="Figures 68 - 73. Zuparka fisheri. Paratype female: 68 habitus, lateral 69 head, anterior 70 mesosoma, lateral 71 mesosoma, oblique dorsal 72 mesosoma, anterior 73 propodeum, oblique dorsal. apc = anterior petiolar carina; cal = callus; frn = frenum; lpr; lateral propodeal disc; mts = metascutellum; sct = mesoscutellum; tsa = transscutal articulation." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.55.11482.figures68-73" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/134125" pageId="30" pageNumber="169">73</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="FEFE58286F6DD939B1F5C23C8FE0832A" captionStart="Figures 8186" captionStartId="F17" captionText="Figures 81 - 86. 81 - 84 Zuparka monomoria. Female: 81 head, frontal 82 mesosoma, lateral 83 habitus, lateral 84 head and mesosoma, dorsal 85 unknown male Oraseminae, Australia: UCRCENT 00238798 (couplet 10) 86 unknown male Oraseminae, Australia: UCRCENT 00241816 (couplet 15)." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.55.11482.figures81-86" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/134128" pageId="30" pageNumber="169">82</figureCitation>
) and the pronotum and prepectus are more rigidly associated ventrally (Fig.
<figureCitation id="F3FB194BF4C828025C04EB6D562FB329" captionStart="Figures 8186" captionStartId="F17" captionText="Figures 81 - 86. 81 - 84 Zuparka monomoria. Female: 81 head, frontal 82 mesosoma, lateral 83 habitus, lateral 84 head and mesosoma, dorsal 85 unknown male Oraseminae, Australia: UCRCENT 00238798 (couplet 10) 86 unknown male Oraseminae, Australia: UCRCENT 00241816 (couplet 15)." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.55.11482.figures81-86" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/134128" pageId="30" pageNumber="169">82</figureCitation>
).
<taxonomicName id="FC2F8A9F945A7832FC46128589BCA6DC" baseAuthorityName="Heraty" baseAuthorityYear="1994" class="Insecta" family="Eucharitidae" genus="Australosema" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Australosema synempora" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="169" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="synempora">
<emphasis id="09C33AEFE2C523ADD2A1A84EC4AC4AFC" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="169">Australosema synempora</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Heraty also has the mesosomal sidelobes, axillae and frenum smooth, but the face is reticulate and the propodeum has lateral glabrous areas.
<taxonomicName id="E805D86115E06844CC05883F4D000888" authorityName="Heraty &amp; Burks" authorityYear="2017" class="Insecta" family="Eucharitidae" genus="Matantas" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Matantas" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="169" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="94D02EC1EA83877656E2949DE6C79647" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="169">Matantas</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
also has a similar smooth face, axilla and frenum, but the face is distinctly subtriangular, the labrum has 6-8 digits and the propodeum is laterally glabrous. Each of these other genera have only 3 or 4 lateral subapical teeth on the first valvula in contrast to the 6-10 minute lateral teeth of
<taxonomicName id="D651D593DBEE646BBD3B2404DCB65E8C" authorityName="Heraty &amp; Burks" authorityYear="2017" class="Insecta" family="Eucharitidae" genus="Leiosema" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leiosema" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="169" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="EDDB3F89C3C6C2607C53E3ABB4DAE5D3" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="169">Leiosema</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="4CABA800802DAB39A6EC55E4CB19A6AE" pageId="30" pageNumber="169" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="481FFAAD549955BE9761A5E8912F0BB8" pageId="30" pageNumber="169">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4F22AA7F45FB8009A18B1E6BC47D19B7" pageId="30" pageNumber="169">
Separated from
<taxonomicName id="32217178F2D4F8848402A7DD22BE3088" authorityName="Burks &amp; Heraty &amp; Mottern &amp; Dominguez &amp; Heacox" authorityYear="2017" class="Insecta" family="Eucharitidae" genus="Orasema" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Orasema" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="169" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="4898C303D347AA197F63C4D36D1FDB0E" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="169">Orasema</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by the presence of male scape glands (pores) (Fig.
<figureCitation id="E7B1EEA5E59E565491E7F11EEB47F91D" captionStart="Figs 5667" captionStartId="F13" captionText="Figs 56 - 67. Leiosema glabra. Male: 56 antenna, lateral (Tanzania, TZ) 57 head, frontal, (Yemen) 58 head, oblique (TZ). Female holotype 59 head and mesosoma, dorsal; Male: 60 head and mesosoma, dorsal (South Africa) 63 mesosoma, lateral (SA) 65 wings, dorsal (TZ) 66 stigmal vein (TZ) 67 propodeum and petiole, oblique (TZ). Leiosema lesiolouna. Holotype male: 61 head and mesosoma, dorsal 62 head, oblique 64 head and mesosoma, lateral. acr = acrosternite; apc = anterior petiolar carina; F = flagellomere; frn = frenum; lbr = labrum; no 1 = pronotum; scp = scape; vp = ventral pores." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.55.11482.figs56-67" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/134124" pageId="30" pageNumber="169">56</figureCitation>
, vp), broadly impressed rugulose antecostal sulcus and the combination of smooth head, 4-digitate labrum, and smooth frenum (Figs
<figureCitation id="1B7F8B4EABBCE47E033DAE4594146661" captionStart="Figs 5667" captionStartId="F13" captionText="Figs 56 - 67. Leiosema glabra. Male: 56 antenna, lateral (Tanzania, TZ) 57 head, frontal, (Yemen) 58 head, oblique (TZ). Female holotype 59 head and mesosoma, dorsal; Male: 60 head and mesosoma, dorsal (South Africa) 63 mesosoma, lateral (SA) 65 wings, dorsal (TZ) 66 stigmal vein (TZ) 67 propodeum and petiole, oblique (TZ). Leiosema lesiolouna. Holotype male: 61 head and mesosoma, dorsal 62 head, oblique 64 head and mesosoma, lateral. acr = acrosternite; apc = anterior petiolar carina; F = flagellomere; frn = frenum; lbr = labrum; no 1 = pronotum; scp = scape; vp = ventral pores." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.55.11482.figs56-67" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/134124" pageId="30" pageNumber="169">59</figureCitation>
-
<figureCitation id="03AFE9857253920ACE3A6169BCC0F5CD" captionStart="Figs 5667" captionStartId="F13" captionText="Figs 56 - 67. Leiosema glabra. Male: 56 antenna, lateral (Tanzania, TZ) 57 head, frontal, (Yemen) 58 head, oblique (TZ). Female holotype 59 head and mesosoma, dorsal; Male: 60 head and mesosoma, dorsal (South Africa) 63 mesosoma, lateral (SA) 65 wings, dorsal (TZ) 66 stigmal vein (TZ) 67 propodeum and petiole, oblique (TZ). Leiosema lesiolouna. Holotype male: 61 head and mesosoma, dorsal 62 head, oblique 64 head and mesosoma, lateral. acr = acrosternite; apc = anterior petiolar carina; F = flagellomere; frn = frenum; lbr = labrum; no 1 = pronotum; scp = scape; vp = ventral pores." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.55.11482.figs56-67" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/134124" pageId="30" pageNumber="169">61</figureCitation>
). Distinguished from the other Old World genera by having the head smooth and subcircular in frontal view (Figs
<figureCitation id="AD6C9D7BF280AD4D6B963E6278471639" captionStart="Figs 5667" captionStartId="F13" captionText="Figs 56 - 67. Leiosema glabra. Male: 56 antenna, lateral (Tanzania, TZ) 57 head, frontal, (Yemen) 58 head, oblique (TZ). Female holotype 59 head and mesosoma, dorsal; Male: 60 head and mesosoma, dorsal (South Africa) 63 mesosoma, lateral (SA) 65 wings, dorsal (TZ) 66 stigmal vein (TZ) 67 propodeum and petiole, oblique (TZ). Leiosema lesiolouna. Holotype male: 61 head and mesosoma, dorsal 62 head, oblique 64 head and mesosoma, lateral. acr = acrosternite; apc = anterior petiolar carina; F = flagellomere; frn = frenum; lbr = labrum; no 1 = pronotum; scp = scape; vp = ventral pores." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.55.11482.figs56-67" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/134124" pageId="30" pageNumber="169">57</figureCitation>
-
<figureCitation id="7E1D81D2FDE50947327C5E3EDB4D6B20" captionStart="Figs 5667" captionStartId="F13" captionText="Figs 56 - 67. Leiosema glabra. Male: 56 antenna, lateral (Tanzania, TZ) 57 head, frontal, (Yemen) 58 head, oblique (TZ). Female holotype 59 head and mesosoma, dorsal; Male: 60 head and mesosoma, dorsal (South Africa) 63 mesosoma, lateral (SA) 65 wings, dorsal (TZ) 66 stigmal vein (TZ) 67 propodeum and petiole, oblique (TZ). Leiosema lesiolouna. Holotype male: 61 head and mesosoma, dorsal 62 head, oblique 64 head and mesosoma, lateral. acr = acrosternite; apc = anterior petiolar carina; F = flagellomere; frn = frenum; lbr = labrum; no 1 = pronotum; scp = scape; vp = ventral pores." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.55.11482.figs56-67" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/134124" pageId="30" pageNumber="169">62</figureCitation>
); scrobal depression with parallel channels and dorsal foveae (Fig.
<figureCitation id="5E1DE0A5255DA4BB6F931A84F8D97F61" captionStart="Figs 5667" captionStartId="F13" captionText="Figs 56 - 67. Leiosema glabra. Male: 56 antenna, lateral (Tanzania, TZ) 57 head, frontal, (Yemen) 58 head, oblique (TZ). Female holotype 59 head and mesosoma, dorsal; Male: 60 head and mesosoma, dorsal (South Africa) 63 mesosoma, lateral (SA) 65 wings, dorsal (TZ) 66 stigmal vein (TZ) 67 propodeum and petiole, oblique (TZ). Leiosema lesiolouna. Holotype male: 61 head and mesosoma, dorsal 62 head, oblique 64 head and mesosoma, lateral. acr = acrosternite; apc = anterior petiolar carina; F = flagellomere; frn = frenum; lbr = labrum; no 1 = pronotum; scp = scape; vp = ventral pores." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.55.11482.figs56-67" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/134124" pageId="30" pageNumber="169">57</figureCitation>
); dorsal occipital margin rounded; funicle 7-segmented; labrum with 4 digits; mesonotum with scattered short setae; mesoscutal lateral lobes and frenum smooth; transscutal articulation complete; propodeal disc evenly rugose; prepectus foveate and loosely articulated with pronotum ventrally (Fig.
<figureCitation id="2D822D90A490997886F90BE2B6E73D9B" captionStart="Figs 5667" captionStartId="F13" captionText="Figs 56 - 67. Leiosema glabra. Male: 56 antenna, lateral (Tanzania, TZ) 57 head, frontal, (Yemen) 58 head, oblique (TZ). Female holotype 59 head and mesosoma, dorsal; Male: 60 head and mesosoma, dorsal (South Africa) 63 mesosoma, lateral (SA) 65 wings, dorsal (TZ) 66 stigmal vein (TZ) 67 propodeum and petiole, oblique (TZ). Leiosema lesiolouna. Holotype male: 61 head and mesosoma, dorsal 62 head, oblique 64 head and mesosoma, lateral. acr = acrosternite; apc = anterior petiolar carina; F = flagellomere; frn = frenum; lbr = labrum; no 1 = pronotum; scp = scape; vp = ventral pores." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.55.11482.figs56-67" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/134124" pageId="30" pageNumber="169">63</figureCitation>
); fore wing with basal area and specular area bare (Fig.
<figureCitation id="993D16C9477C9885198A79EA2F17D37C" captionStart="Figs 5667" captionStartId="F13" captionText="Figs 56 - 67. Leiosema glabra. Male: 56 antenna, lateral (Tanzania, TZ) 57 head, frontal, (Yemen) 58 head, oblique (TZ). Female holotype 59 head and mesosoma, dorsal; Male: 60 head and mesosoma, dorsal (South Africa) 63 mesosoma, lateral (SA) 65 wings, dorsal (TZ) 66 stigmal vein (TZ) 67 propodeum and petiole, oblique (TZ). Leiosema lesiolouna. Holotype male: 61 head and mesosoma, dorsal 62 head, oblique 64 head and mesosoma, lateral. acr = acrosternite; apc = anterior petiolar carina; F = flagellomere; frn = frenum; lbr = labrum; no 1 = pronotum; scp = scape; vp = ventral pores." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.55.11482.figs56-67" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/134124" pageId="30" pageNumber="169">65</figureCitation>
), with dense and relatively long wing disc setae; postmarginal vein 1.5-3.2
<normalizedToken id="CF933EF1C815B58EF694AA532CC7ABA5" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
as long as stigmal vein; petiole base truncate with prominent basal flange (Fig.
<figureCitation id="2D169CABCF42630A102246EEE3DF4480" captionStart="Figs 5667" captionStartId="F13" captionText="Figs 56 - 67. Leiosema glabra. Male: 56 antenna, lateral (Tanzania, TZ) 57 head, frontal, (Yemen) 58 head, oblique (TZ). Female holotype 59 head and mesosoma, dorsal; Male: 60 head and mesosoma, dorsal (South Africa) 63 mesosoma, lateral (SA) 65 wings, dorsal (TZ) 66 stigmal vein (TZ) 67 propodeum and petiole, oblique (TZ). Leiosema lesiolouna. Holotype male: 61 head and mesosoma, dorsal 62 head, oblique 64 head and mesosoma, lateral. acr = acrosternite; apc = anterior petiolar carina; F = flagellomere; frn = frenum; lbr = labrum; no 1 = pronotum; scp = scape; vp = ventral pores." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.55.11482.figs56-67" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/134124" pageId="30" pageNumber="169">67</figureCitation>
); antecostal sulcus broad and reticulate; first valvula of ovipositor with 6-10 minute lateral teeth. Male scape with distinct ventral pores (glands) set in circular depressions across entire ventral surface (Fig.
<figureCitation id="CD46B045F3CA033C61AA0824EEF837EC" captionStart="Figs 5667" captionStartId="F13" captionText="Figs 56 - 67. Leiosema glabra. Male: 56 antenna, lateral (Tanzania, TZ) 57 head, frontal, (Yemen) 58 head, oblique (TZ). Female holotype 59 head and mesosoma, dorsal; Male: 60 head and mesosoma, dorsal (South Africa) 63 mesosoma, lateral (SA) 65 wings, dorsal (TZ) 66 stigmal vein (TZ) 67 propodeum and petiole, oblique (TZ). Leiosema lesiolouna. Holotype male: 61 head and mesosoma, dorsal 62 head, oblique 64 head and mesosoma, lateral. acr = acrosternite; apc = anterior petiolar carina; F = flagellomere; frn = frenum; lbr = labrum; no 1 = pronotum; scp = scape; vp = ventral pores." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.55.11482.figs56-67" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/134124" pageId="30" pageNumber="169">56</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="40971E969E4A14E58E819442C70F636C" pageId="30" pageNumber="169" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="C911ADD9EDFB271695D9C959E0430727" pageId="30" pageNumber="169">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C95C9A243151343D4F7966782E7FA093" pageId="30" pageNumber="169">Sub-saharan Africa (Democratic Republic of the Congo, South Africa, Tanzania, Zimbabwe), and Yemen.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>