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<document id="4DD64C37D60A2CE13954A4B5EBFDA5C3" ID-DOI="10.11646/phytotaxa.377.1.1" ID-ISSN="1179-3163" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="GgImagineBatch" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1725682658550" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Kalb, Jutarat, Lücking, Robert &amp; Kalb, Klaus" docDate="2018" docId="662D87D2FFD7653525AFFD365C665B43" docLanguage="en" docName="phytotaxa.377.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Phytotaxa 377 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.377.1.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:F08184CE06D8A97EA3E6DE35D99648B0.4:Phytotaxa.2014-.monograph" docStyleId="F08184CE06D8A97EA3E6DE35D99648B0" docStyleName="Phytotaxa.2014-.monograph" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Graphis subserpentina Nylander 1863" docType="treatment" docVersion="1" lastPageNumber="450" masterDocId="9A14FFAAFF9265702527FFE8581E5C16" masterDocTitle="The lichen genera Allographa and Graphis (Ascomycota: Ostropales, Graphidaceae) in Thailand-eleven new species, forty-seven new records and a key to all one hundred and fifteen species so far recorded for the country" masterLastPageNumber="450" masterPageNumber="448" pageNumber="448" updateTime="1725692157044" updateUser="GgImagineBatch">
<mods:mods id="FF8C42415EF33566C4D93D3C0D5C2638" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="A03A890E57476D003152AB5A0C018054">
<mods:title id="74B394E8B65C87773FFBE48C6D1612DF">The lichen genera Allographa and Graphis (Ascomycota: Ostropales, Graphidaceae) in Thailand-eleven new species, forty-seven new records and a key to all one hundred and fifteen species so far recorded for the country</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="6308B2F0F500EB60AFB833DB5123F92E" type="personal">
<mods:role id="7BF3A041FACD74FB94E3705E54911A37">
<mods:roleTerm id="F44078BB6F98B5BDE391DC8D9F0D6E93">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="03DE6D0A51977ADCFC5A3D9E397B8035">Kalb, Jutarat</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="56B048CE70FDC01865A0A75A466DF5E6">Lichenological Institute Neumarkt, Im Tal 12, D- 92318 Neumarkt, Germany. Email: saieeuu 10 @ gmail. com</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="795252F8FA35B7953DD1CE34854973C8" type="email">saieeuu10@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="F2597BB287F83A8D5D3A6E909C9C396C" type="personal">
<mods:role id="86D31C734EE1CA20904D7D790440AD4F">
<mods:roleTerm id="7EFEC81CD4444297CD8464400C4D74B4">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="9E89CA254A6686D4CC377DBE6A07CE3C">Lücking, Robert</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="E9D0FD4C1C5EB4CCEC136931E839A4B5">Botanic Garden &amp; Botanical Museum, Königin-Luise-Strasse 6 - 8,14195 Berlin, Germany. Email: r. luecking @ bgbm. org</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="3FE293566C37E73FEF0C8BEE54B336EF" type="email">r.luecking@bgbm.org</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="474740AF4624240FA1EF486888D440A7" type="personal">
<mods:role id="29D7002313D1D9EC31F7063C776147C5">
<mods:roleTerm id="22154BE26B323B2F980124457E061089">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="EAD83A8BAC55D721344C52EBD54D425A">Kalb, Klaus</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="B846680402070E036FDBA230DDE4F65C">Lichenological Institute Neumarkt, Im Tal 12, D- 92318 Neumarkt, Germany. Email: saieeuu 10 @ gmail. com &amp; University of Regensburg, Institute of Plant Sciences, Universitätsstrasse 31, D- 93040 Regensburg, Germany. * Corresponding author-email: klaus. kalb @ arcor. de</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="7F5AF34441705F93FAE6C42836723FFE" type="email">saieeuu10@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="F77F235ED4E51EF109EDA1E2F96FBF18">text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem id="F00577725686CA07C56865F63EA7F262" type="host">
<mods:titleInfo id="4961FE5ABF841DEFFA178D35005D5049">
<mods:title id="2090D428191804EDFA6B6332D0492373">Phytotaxa</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="81108CD76C7AA5F88BA48D9A5CD9C770">
<mods:date id="403724C3477A30F0AB80EEA6A3652971">2018</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="7AE5C8C88B727DF2F5A5340DD0566006" type="pubDate">
<mods:number id="8CDC691864C639727225DD373A61C42F">2018-11-23</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="3F36932E39202207A0B660B49A573546" type="volume">
<mods:number id="59C480711315D007A6975E1F9D301894">377</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="B950A05F91FB9A779F2076FE324A3497" type="issue">
<mods:number id="8B052663ACFA6FDA31887E40840BBF43">1</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent id="538C4CA6A8BEE4DEB8602B665D5AD5C0" unit="page">
<mods:start id="F6880E7A77444E0C79BB638BDAA31B83">448</mods:start>
<mods:end id="098C163A59A974E3A91A77BDA94D6DB8">450</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:location id="5BBB7BB304015C062E846D76C4E66F50">
<mods:url id="C19DB97EB389916C7866831195643140">http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.377.1.1</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification id="E2E5F0CD9FCAC0BDF027A7918E3D61AC">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="FE362CA1EF7F933903848A24F23D3C22" type="DOI">10.11646/phytotaxa.377.1.1</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="5517D66CE24B6DEC17233B202C51EC15" type="ISSN">1179-3163</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="662D87D2FFD7653525AFFD365C665B43" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:662D87D2FFD7653525AFFD365C665B43" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/662D87D2FFD7653525AFFD365C665B43" pageId="69">
<subSubSection id="A69E654FFFD7653525AFFD365A915EEF" box="[136,655,734,761]" pageId="69" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="EE3B36C4FFD7653525AFFD365A915EEF" blockId="69.[136,819,734,795]" box="[136,655,734,761]" pageId="69">
<heading id="B57381A8FFD7653525AFFD365A915EEF" box="[136,655,734,761]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="69" reason="5">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="CE9411EAFFD7653525AFFD365A915EEF" box="[136,655,734,761]" pageId="69">
<treatmentCitation id="6F2510D5FFD7653525AFFD365A955EEF" author="Nylander, W." box="[136,651,734,761]" page=")" pageId="69" year="1863">
<taxonomicName id="29844D47FFD7653525AFFD365A955EEF" ID-CoL="3H9W4" authority="Nylander (1863: 465)" authorityName="Nylander" authorityPageNumber="465" authorityYear="1863" box="[136,651,734,761]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Graphidaceae" genus="Graphis" kingdom="Fungi" order="Ostropales" pageId="69" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="subserpentina">
<emphasis id="DCF0EAD6FFD7653525AFFD3659905EEF" bold="true" box="[136,398,734,761]" italics="true" pageId="69">Graphis subserpentina</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="8A154B35FFD7653524B2FD085A955EEF" author="Nylander, W." box="[405,651,736,761]" pageId="69" pagination="415 - 504" refId="ref77376" refString="Nylander, W. (1863) Lichenographiae Novo - Granatensis Prodromus. Acta Societatis Scientiarum Fennicae 7: 415 - 504." type="journal article" year="1863">Nylander (1863: 465)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="A69E654FFFD7653525AFFCEE5AEE5877" pageId="69" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="EE3B36C4FFD7653525AFFCEE5B2D5F0D" blockId="69.[136,819,734,795]" box="[136,819,774,795]" pageId="69">
<materialsCitation id="5EEC3C99FFD7653525AFFCEE5B2E5F0D" box="[136,816,774,795]" country="Sri Lanka" location="Type" municipality="Gardner" pageId="69" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<location id="EB5B601FFFD7653525AFFCEE58A45F0D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:662D87D2FFD7653525AFFD365C665B43:EB5B601FFFD7653525AFFCEE58A45F0D" box="[136,186,774,795]" country="Sri Lanka" municipality="Gardner" name="Type" pageId="69">Type</location>
:—
<collectingCountry id="96937654FFD7653525F1FCEE594B5F0D" box="[214,341,774,795]" name="Sri Lanka" pageId="69">SRI LANKA</collectingCountry>
[Ceylon].
<emphasis id="DCF0EAD6FFD76535249BFCEE5A2B5F0D" box="[444,565,774,795]" italics="true" pageId="69">
<collectingMunicipality id="0E5FACBEFFD76535249BFCEE5A105F0D" box="[444,526,774,795]" pageId="69">Gardner</collectingMunicipality>
s.n.
</emphasis>
(H-Nyl. 8012!,
<typeStatus id="313F8866FFD7653527F7FCEE5B365F0D" box="[720,808,774,795]" pageId="69" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="EE3B36C4FFD7653525AFFCA45AAE582B" blockId="69.[136,1452,844,1877]" pageId="69">
Thallus corticolous, whitish gray to grayish green, continuous, smooth to uneven, thinly corticate, dull or slightly glossy. Lirellae erumpent, with thick lateral thalline margin, elongate, up to
<quantity id="297C9B21FFD7653526CCFC985C305F9F" box="[1003,1070,880,905]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="69" unit="mm" value="6.0">6 mm</quantity>
long, straight, curved or sinuous, simple or irregularly branched, labia convergent, entire, black, not pruinose, disc concealed, (
<emphasis id="DCF0EAD6FFD76535218CFC7C5D4F5FBB" box="[1195,1361,916,941]" italics="true" pageId="69">subserpentina-</emphasis>
morph). Exciple laterally carbonized; hymenium clear; ascospores 1/ascus, hyaline, densely muriform, with 16–28 transverse septa and 2–5 longitudinal septa, 65–110 × 20–30 μm, halonate; 18–25 × 3–5-septate, 60–95 × 15–25 μm (Patwardhan &amp; Kulkarni on annotation slip attached to the
<typeStatus id="313F8866FFD7653527B6FBE85AD8580F" box="[657,710,1024,1049]" pageId="69">type</typeStatus>
); 57–110 × 20–26 μm (Awasthi on annotation slip attached to the
<typeStatus id="313F8866FFD7653525AFFBCC58A3582B" box="[136,189,1060,1085]" pageId="69">type</typeStatus>
); 80–130 × 20–35 μm (
<bibRefCitation id="8A154B35FFD7653524E5FBCC5ABB582B" author="Lucking, R. &amp; Archer, A. W. &amp; Aptroot, A." box="[450,677,1060,1085]" pageId="69" pagination="363 - 452" refId="ref75807" refString="Lucking, R., Archer, A. W. &amp; Aptroot, A. (2009) A world-wide key to the genus Graphis (Ostropales: Graphidaceae). Lichenologist 41 (4): 363 - 452. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0024282909008305" type="journal article" year="2009">
Lücking
<emphasis id="DCF0EAD6FFD76535270EFBCC5A7F582B" box="[553,609,1060,1085]" italics="true" pageId="69">et al.</emphasis>
2009
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="EE3B36C4FFD76535259AFBA05AEE5877" blockId="69.[136,1452,844,1877]" box="[189,752,1096,1121]" pageId="69">
Chemistry: norstictic acid (major) (anal.
<collectionCode id="8895AE01FFD7653527A0FBA05A805877" box="[647,670,1096,1121]" country="United Kingdom" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15867" name="Royal Botanic Gardens" pageId="69" type="Herbarium">K</collectionCode>
. Kalb).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="A69E654FFFD76535259AFB8459FA5997" pageId="69" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="EE3B36C4FFD76535259AFB8459FA5997" blockId="69.[136,1452,844,1877]" pageId="69">
<emphasis id="DCF0EAD6FFD76535259AFB8459F45893" bold="true" box="[189,490,1132,1157]" pageId="69">Distribution and habitat</emphasis>
:—Widely distributed within the palaeotropics and within
<collectingCountry id="96937654FFD7653521B1FB845CE25893" box="[1174,1276,1132,1157]" name="Thailand" pageId="69">Thailand</collectingCountry>
, reported from
<collectingCountry id="96937654FFD7653525AFFB78591158BF" box="[136,271,1168,1193]" name="Madagascar" pageId="69">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="8A154B35FFD765352407FB785A2158BF" author="Aptroot, A. &amp; Sparrius, L." box="[288,575,1168,1193]" pageId="69" refId="ref73233" refString="Aptroot, A. &amp; Sparrius, L. (2008 - present) Pictures of tropical lichens. Available from: http: // www. tropicallichens. net / (accessed April 2018)" type="url" year="2008">Aptroot &amp; Sparrius 2008</bibRefCitation>
–present),
<collectingCountry id="96937654FFD765352790FB785AED58BF" box="[695,755,1168,1193]" name="India" pageId="69">India</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="96937654FFD765352626FB785B6F58BF" box="[769,881,1168,1193]" name="Sri Lanka" pageId="69">Sri Lanka</collectingCountry>
(
<typeStatus id="313F8866FFD7653526A6FB785BAD58BF" box="[897,947,1168,1193]" pageId="69">type</typeStatus>
locality),
<collectingCountry id="96937654FFD76535210DFB785C8F58BF" box="[1066,1169,1168,1193]" name="Malaysia" pageId="69">Malaysia</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="8A154B35FFD765352186FB785D9958BF" author="Lucking, R. &amp; Archer, A. W. &amp; Aptroot, A." box="[1185,1415,1168,1193]" pageId="69" pagination="363 - 452" refId="ref75807" refString="Lucking, R., Archer, A. W. &amp; Aptroot, A. (2009) A world-wide key to the genus Graphis (Ostropales: Graphidaceae). Lichenologist 41 (4): 363 - 452. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0024282909008305" type="journal article" year="2009">
Lücking
<emphasis id="DCF0EAD6FFD76535202EFB785D5D58BF" box="[1289,1347,1168,1193]" italics="true" pageId="69">et al.</emphasis>
2009
</bibRefCitation>
, as
<taxonomicName id="29844D47FFD7653525AFFB5C598858DB" authority="Nyl." authorityName="Nyl." box="[136,406,1204,1229]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Graphidaceae" genus="Graphis" kingdom="Fungi" order="Ostropales" pageId="69" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="adtenuans">
<emphasis id="DCF0EAD6FFD7653525AFFB5C594258DB" box="[136,348,1204,1229]" italics="true" pageId="69">Graphis adtenuans</emphasis>
Nyl.
</taxonomicName>
),
<collectingCountry id="96937654FFD76535248FFB5C5A0458DB" box="[424,538,1204,1229]" name="Singapore" pageId="69">Singapore</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="8A154B35FFD765352701FB5C5B1F58DB" author="Lucking, R. &amp; Archer, A. W. &amp; Aptroot, A." box="[550,769,1204,1229]" pageId="69" pagination="363 - 452" refId="ref75807" refString="Lucking, R., Archer, A. W. &amp; Aptroot, A. (2009) A world-wide key to the genus Graphis (Ostropales: Graphidaceae). Lichenologist 41 (4): 363 - 452. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0024282909008305" type="journal article" year="2009">
Lücking
<emphasis id="DCF0EAD6FFD7653527ACFB5C5ADF58DB" box="[651,705,1204,1229]" italics="true" pageId="69">et al.</emphasis>
2009
</bibRefCitation>
, as
<taxonomicName id="29844D47FFD765352600FB5C5C8B58DB" authority="Zahlbr." authorityName="Zahlbr." box="[807,1173,1204,1229]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Graphidaceae" genus="Phaeographina" kingdom="Fungi" order="Ostropales" pageId="69" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="alutacea">
<emphasis id="DCF0EAD6FFD765352600FB5C5C2458DB" box="[807,1082,1204,1229]" italics="true" pageId="69">Phaeographina alutacea</emphasis>
Zahlbr.
</taxonomicName>
),
<collectingCountry id="96937654FFD765352181FB5C5D0858DB" box="[1190,1302,1204,1229]" name="Indonesia" pageId="69">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
, the
<collectingCountry id="96937654FFD765352061FB5C58C458E7" name="Solomon Islands" pageId="69">Solomon Islands</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="96937654FFD7653525C1FB30590E58E7" box="[230,272,1240,1265]" name="Fiji" pageId="69">Fiji</collectingCountry>
, Hawaii and
<collectingCountry id="96937654FFD765352484FB305A1458E7" box="[419,522,1240,1265]" name="Australia" pageId="69">Australia</collectingCountry>
(Archer 2009). For
<collectingCountry id="96937654FFD7653527C9FB305B4A58E7" box="[750,852,1240,1265]" name="Thailand" pageId="69">Thailand</collectingCountry>
, it was first reported by
<bibRefCitation id="8A154B35FFD76535214EFB305D7358E7" author="Nakanishi, M. &amp; Kashiwadani, H. &amp; Moon, K. H." box="[1129,1389,1240,1265]" pageId="69" pagination="47 - 55" refId="ref77242" refString="Nakanishi, M., Kashiwadani, H. &amp; Moon, K. H. (2001) Notes on the genera Graphina and Graphis (Graphidaceae) in Thailand. Bulletin of the National Science Museum, Tokyo, B 27 (2, 3): 47 - 55." type="journal article" year="2001">
Nakanishi
<emphasis id="DCF0EAD6FFD7653521C5FB305D0558E7" box="[1250,1307,1240,1265]" italics="true" pageId="69">et al.</emphasis>
(2001)
</bibRefCitation>
from
<collectingRegion id="2C40F826FFD7653525AFFB1459625903" box="[136,380,1276,1301]" country="Thailand" name="Chiang Mai" pageId="69">Chiang Mai province</collectingRegion>
, later by
<bibRefCitation id="8A154B35FFD7653524CFFB145B2C5903" author="Poengsungnoen V. &amp; Mongkolsuk, P. &amp; Boonpragob, K. &amp; Manoch, L." box="[488,818,1276,1301]" pageId="69" pagination="73 - 79" refId="ref77875" refString="Poengsungnoen V., Mongkolsuk, P., Boonpragob, K. &amp; Manoch, L. (2010) Diversity of the lichens in family Graphidaceae in Phu Luang Wildlife Sanctuary, Loei province. Thai Journal of Botany 2 (Special Issue): 73 - 79." type="journal article" year="2010">
Poengsungnoen
<emphasis id="DCF0EAD6FFD765352785FB145AC25903" box="[674,732,1276,1301]" italics="true" pageId="69">et al.</emphasis>
(2010)
</bibRefCitation>
, from
<collectingRegion id="2C40F826FFD765352659FB145C025903" box="[894,1052,1276,1301]" country="Thailand" name="Loei" pageId="69">Loei province</collectingRegion>
and most recently by
<bibRefCitation id="8A154B35FFD76535203AFB1458E9592F" author="Pitakpong, A. &amp; Kraichak, E. &amp; Papong, K. B. &amp; Muangsan, N. &amp; Suwanwaree, P. &amp; Lumbsch, H. T. &amp; Lucking, R." pageId="69" pagination="335 - 342" refId="ref77794" refString="Pitakpong, A., Kraichak, E., Papong, K. B., Muangsan, N., Suwanwaree, P., Lumbsch, H. T. &amp; Lucking, R. (2015) New species and records of the lichen genus Graphis (Graphidaceae, Ascomycota) from Thailand. Lichenologist 47 (5): 335 - 342. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0024282915000213" type="journal article" year="2015">
Pitakpong
<emphasis id="DCF0EAD6FFD7653520B0FB1458BB592F" italics="true" pageId="69">et al.</emphasis>
(2015)
</bibRefCitation>
from
<collectingRegion id="2C40F826FFD76535241CFAC85A6D592F" box="[315,627,1312,1337]" country="Thailand" name="Ubon Ratchathani" pageId="69">Ubon Ratchathani province</collectingRegion>
. It was collected from bark of various trees, including
<taxonomicName id="29844D47FFD7653521F3FAC85D2D592F" box="[1236,1331,1312,1337]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Theaceae" genus="Thea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ericales" pageId="69" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="DCF0EAD6FFD7653521F3FAC85D12592F" box="[1236,1292,1312,1337]" italics="true" pageId="69">Thea</emphasis>
sp.
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="29844D47FFD76535204DFAC858C1594B" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Areca" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="69" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="catechu">
<emphasis id="DCF0EAD6FFD76535204DFAC858C1594B" italics="true" pageId="69">Areca catechu</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, in hill evergreen forests, dry dipterocarp forests, lower montane scrubs, secondary rainforests and plantations from 20 up to
<quantity id="297C9B21FFD76535240FFA8059715997" box="[296,367,1384,1409]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="69" unit="m" value="700.0">700 m</quantity>
elevation.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="A69E654FFFD76535259AFA645AC25A07" pageId="69" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="EE3B36C4FFD76535259AFA645AC25A07" blockId="69.[136,1452,844,1877]" pageId="69">
<emphasis id="DCF0EAD6FFD76535259AFA64593459B3" bold="true" box="[189,298,1420,1445]" pageId="69">Remarks</emphasis>
:—Very usual in species with large ascospores is the rather great variation of spore size even within the same specimen (see above).The distribution of this species given in
<bibRefCitation id="8A154B35FFD7653526ACFA585C8E59DF" author="Nakanishi, M. &amp; Kashiwadani, H. &amp; Moon, K. H." box="[907,1168,1456,1481]" pageId="69" pagination="47 - 55" refId="ref77242" refString="Nakanishi, M., Kashiwadani, H. &amp; Moon, K. H. (2001) Notes on the genera Graphina and Graphis (Graphidaceae) in Thailand. Bulletin of the National Science Museum, Tokyo, B 27 (2, 3): 47 - 55." type="journal article" year="2001">
Nakanishi
<emphasis id="DCF0EAD6FFD765352122FA585C2059DF" box="[1029,1086,1456,1481]" italics="true" pageId="69">et al.</emphasis>
(2001)
</bibRefCitation>
must be interpreted with care, because the authors had included
<taxonomicName id="29844D47FFD76535271CFA3C5AA359FB" box="[571,701,1492,1517]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Graphidaceae" genus="Graphina" kingdom="Fungi" order="Ostropales" pageId="69" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="insulana">
<emphasis id="DCF0EAD6FFD76535271CFA3C5AA359FB" box="[571,701,1492,1517]" italics="true" pageId="69">G. insulana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as a synonym of
<taxonomicName id="29844D47FFD7653526A6FA3C5C2159FB" authorityName="Nylander" authorityYear="1863" box="[897,1087,1492,1517]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Graphidaceae" genus="Graphis" kingdom="Fungi" order="Ostropales" pageId="69" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="subserpentina">
<emphasis id="DCF0EAD6FFD7653526A6FA3C5C2159FB" box="[897,1087,1492,1517]" italics="true" pageId="69">G. subserpentina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. But both can however easily be separated by the inspersed hymenium of
<taxonomicName id="29844D47FFD765352774FA105ACB5A07" box="[595,725,1528,1553]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Graphidaceae" genus="Graphina" kingdom="Fungi" order="Ostropales" pageId="69" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="insulana">
<emphasis id="DCF0EAD6FFD765352774FA105ACB5A07" box="[595,725,1528,1553]" italics="true" pageId="69">G. insulana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="A69E654FFFD76535259AF9F45C665B43" pageId="69" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="EE3B36C4FFD76535259AF9F45C665B43" blockId="69.[136,1452,844,1877]" pageId="69">
<emphasis id="DCF0EAD6FFD76535259AF9F4596F5A23" bold="true" box="[189,369,1564,1589]" pageId="69">Material from</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="5EEC3C99FFD7653524A7F9F45C6A5B43" collectingDate="2008-06-07" collectingDateMax="2016-12-02" collectingDateMin="2008-06-07" collectionCode="J, K" country="Thailand" county="Chiang Dao district" elevation="440" latitude="10.523611" location="Wat Tham Chiang Dao" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="99.03445" municipality="Chiang Dao" pageId="69" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Chiang Mai">
<emphasis id="DCF0EAD6FFD7653524A7F9F45A6E5A23" bold="true" box="[384,624,1564,1589]" pageId="69">
<collectingCountry id="96937654FFD7653524A7F9F459F35A23" box="[384,493,1564,1589]" name="Thailand" pageId="69">Thailand</collectingCountry>
examined
</emphasis>
:—
<collectingRegion id="2C40F826FFD7653527B6F9F45B865A23" box="[657,920,1564,1589]" country="Thailand" name="Chiang Mai" pageId="69">Chiang Mai province</collectingRegion>
:
<collectingCounty id="075A4E48FFD76535268BF9F45C835A23" box="[940,1181,1564,1589]" pageId="69">Chiang Dao district</collectingCounty>
, tambon
<collectingMunicipality id="0E5FACBEFFD765352032F9F45DB95A23" box="[1301,1447,1564,1589]" pageId="69">Chiang Dao</collectingMunicipality>
, surroundings of
<location id="EB5B601FFFD76535241BF9A85A235A4F" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:662D87D2FFD7653525AFFD365C665B43:EB5B601FFFD76535241BF9A85A235A4F" box="[316,573,1600,1625]" country="Thailand" county="Chiang Dao district" latitude="10.523611" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="99.03445" municipality="Chiang Dao" name="Wat Tham Chiang Dao" pageId="69" stateProvince="Chiang Mai">Wat Tham Chiang Dao</location>
, in a very disturbed, light hill evergreen forest,
<quantity id="297C9B21FFD765352162F9A85C935A4F" box="[1093,1165,1600,1625]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.4" pageId="69" unit="m" value="440.0">
<elevation id="65A9D1F7FFD765352162F9A85C935A4F" box="[1093,1165,1600,1625]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.4" pageId="69" unit="m" value="440.0">440 m</elevation>
</quantity>
,
<geoCoordinate id="8BB05003FFD7653521B0F9A85D355A4F" box="[1175,1323,1600,1625]" degrees="19" direction="north" minutes="23" orientation="latitude" pageId="69" precision="15" seconds="43" value="19.395277">19°23’43’’ N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="8BB05003FFD765352012F9A858855A6B" degrees="98" direction="east" minutes="55" orientation="longitude" pageId="69" precision="15" seconds="46" value="98.92944">98°55’46’’ E</geoCoordinate>
,
<date id="9A3A1004FFD765352580F98C596E5A6B" box="[167,368,1636,1661]" pageId="69" value="2016-12-02">
<collectingDate id="8A7EE9ECFFD765352580F98C596E5A6B" box="[167,368,1636,1661]" pageId="69" value="2016-12-02">2 December 2016</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectionCode id="8895AE01FFD76535245DF98C59965A6B" box="[378,392,1636,1661]" country="South Africa" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14647" name="University of the Witwatersrand" pageId="69" type="Herbarium">J</collectionCode>
. &amp;
<collectionCode id="8895AE01FFD765352488F98C59D85A6B" box="[431,454,1636,1661]" country="United Kingdom" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15867" name="Royal Botanic Gardens" pageId="69" type="Herbarium">K</collectionCode>
. Kalb s.n. (hb.
<collectionCode id="8895AE01FFD765352749F98C5A9B5A6B" box="[622,645,1636,1661]" country="United Kingdom" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15867" name="Royal Botanic Gardens" pageId="69" type="Herbarium">K</collectionCode>
. &amp;
<collectionCode id="8895AE01FFD76535278BF98C5AA45A6B" box="[684,698,1636,1661]" country="South Africa" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14647" name="University of the Witwatersrand" pageId="69" type="Herbarium">J</collectionCode>
. Kalb 42043)—
<collectingRegion id="2C40F826FFD76535264CF98C5C415A6B" box="[875,1119,1636,1661]" country="Thailand" name="Phetchaburi" pageId="69">Phetchaburi province</collectingRegion>
:
<location id="EB5B601FFFD76535214EF98C5D715A6B" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:662D87D2FFD7653525AFFD365C665B43:EB5B601FFFD76535214EF98C5D715A6B" box="[1129,1391,1636,1661]" country="Thailand" county="Chiang Dao district" latitude="10.523611" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="99.03445" municipality="Chiang Dao" name="Kaeng Krachan district" pageId="69" stateProvince="Chiang Mai">Kaeng Krachan district</location>
, road from Ban Ktang Camp to Stream 1, in a humid secondary rainforest along a creek,
<quantity id="297C9B21FFD765352104F9605C725AB7" box="[1059,1132,1672,1697]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.4" pageId="69" unit="m" value="340.0">
<elevation id="65A9D1F7FFD765352104F9605C725AB7" box="[1059,1132,1672,1697]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.4" pageId="69" unit="m" value="340.0">340 m</elevation>
</quantity>
,
<geoCoordinate id="8BB05003FFD765352150F9605D155AB7" box="[1143,1291,1672,1697]" degrees="12" direction="north" minutes="48" orientation="latitude" pageId="69" precision="15" seconds="12" value="12.803333">12°48’12’’ N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="8BB05003FFD765352031F9605DB95AB7" box="[1302,1447,1672,1697]" degrees="99" direction="east" minutes="26" orientation="longitude" pageId="69" precision="15" seconds="32" value="99.44222">99°26’32’’ E</geoCoordinate>
,
<date id="9A3A1004FFD7653525AFF944594A5AD3" box="[136,340,1708,1733]" pageId="69" value="2015-12-08">
<collectingDate id="8A7EE9ECFFD7653525AFF944594A5AD3" box="[136,340,1708,1733]" pageId="69" value="2015-12-08">8 December 2015</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<emphasis id="DCF0EAD6FFD765352478F9445ACC5AD3" box="[351,722,1708,1733]" italics="true" pageId="69">
<collectionCode id="8895AE01FFD765352478F94459715AD3" box="[351,367,1708,1733]" country="South Africa" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14647" name="University of the Witwatersrand" pageId="69" type="Herbarium">J</collectionCode>
. Sutjaritturakan &amp;
<collectionCode id="8895AE01FFD76535276CF9445A7F5AD3" box="[587,609,1708,1733]" country="United Kingdom" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15867" name="Royal Botanic Gardens" pageId="69" type="Herbarium">K</collectionCode>
. Kalb s.n.
</emphasis>
(hb.
<collectionCode id="8895AE01FFD765352629F9445B3B5AD3" box="[782,805,1708,1733]" country="United Kingdom" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15867" name="Royal Botanic Gardens" pageId="69" type="Herbarium">K</collectionCode>
. &amp;
<collectionCode id="8895AE01FFD765352669F9445B425AD3" box="[846,860,1708,1733]" country="South Africa" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14647" name="University of the Witwatersrand" pageId="69" type="Herbarium">J</collectionCode>
. Kalb 41264)—
<collectingRegion id="2C40F826FFD765352136F9445CE25AD3" box="[1041,1276,1708,1733]" country="Thailand" name="Chumphon" pageId="69">Chumphon province</collectingRegion>
:
<location id="EB5B601FFFD765352020F9445DB65AD3" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:662D87D2FFD7653525AFFD365C665B43:EB5B601FFFD765352020F9445DB65AD3" box="[1287,1448,1708,1733]" country="Thailand" county="Chiang Dao district" latitude="10.523611" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="99.03445" municipality="Chiang Dao" name="Pathio district" pageId="69" stateProvince="Chiang Mai">Pathio district</location>
, tambon Chum Kho, surroundings of Tung Yoa Waterfall, in a disturbed, light deciduous forest along a creek,
<quantity id="297C9B21FFD76535204DF9385DB95AFF" box="[1386,1447,1744,1769]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.5" pageId="69" unit="m" value="85.0">
<elevation id="65A9D1F7FFD76535204DF9385DB95AFF" box="[1386,1447,1744,1769]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.5" pageId="69" unit="m" value="85.0">85 m</elevation>
</quantity>
,
<geoCoordinate id="8BB05003FFD7653525AFF91C59065B1B" box="[136,280,1780,1805]" degrees="10" direction="north" minutes="46" orientation="latitude" pageId="69" precision="15" seconds="43" value="10.778611">10°46’43’’N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="8BB05003FFD765352401F91C59A75B1B" box="[294,441,1780,1805]" degrees="99" direction="east" minutes="18" orientation="longitude" pageId="69" precision="15" seconds="32" value="99.30889">99°18’32’’ E</geoCoordinate>
,
<date id="9A3A1004FFD7653524E0F91C5ABA5B1B" box="[455,676,1780,1805]" pageId="69" value="2015-12-20">
<collectingDate id="8A7EE9ECFFD7653524E0F91C5ABA5B1B" box="[455,676,1780,1805]" pageId="69" value="2015-12-20">20 December 2015</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<emphasis id="DCF0EAD6FFD765352796F91C5C355B1B" box="[689,1067,1780,1805]" italics="true" pageId="69">
<collectionCode id="8895AE01FFD765352796F91C5ADF5B1B" box="[689,705,1780,1805]" country="South Africa" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14647" name="University of the Witwatersrand" pageId="69" type="Herbarium">J</collectionCode>
. Sutjaritturakan &amp;
<collectionCode id="8895AE01FFD765352686F91C5BA95B1B" box="[929,951,1780,1805]" country="United Kingdom" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15867" name="Royal Botanic Gardens" pageId="69" type="Herbarium">K</collectionCode>
. Kalb s.n.
</emphasis>
(hb.
<collectionCode id="8895AE01FFD76535214DF91C5C9F5B1B" box="[1130,1153,1780,1805]" country="United Kingdom" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15867" name="Royal Botanic Gardens" pageId="69" type="Herbarium">K</collectionCode>
. &amp;
<collectionCode id="8895AE01FFD76535218AF91C5CA55B1B" box="[1197,1211,1780,1805]" country="South Africa" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14647" name="University of the Witwatersrand" pageId="69" type="Herbarium">J</collectionCode>
. Kalb 41373, 41379, 41434, 41436);
<location id="EB5B601FFFD765352418F8F059E95B27" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:662D87D2FFD7653525AFFD365C665B43:EB5B601FFFD765352418F8F059E95B27" box="[319,503,1816,1841]" country="Thailand" county="Chiang Dao district" latitude="10.523611" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="99.03445" municipality="Chiang Dao" name="Tha Sae district" pageId="69" stateProvince="Chiang Mai">Tha Sae district</location>
, in the area of tambon Tha Sae, in a betel palm plantation (
<taxonomicName id="29844D47FFD76535218AF8F05D515B27" box="[1197,1359,1816,1841]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Areca" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="69" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="catechu">
<emphasis id="DCF0EAD6FFD76535218AF8F05D515B27" box="[1197,1359,1816,1841]" italics="true" pageId="69">Areca catechu</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
),
<quantity id="297C9B21FFD76535204EF8F05DB95B27" box="[1385,1447,1816,1841]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="69" unit="m" value="20.0">
<elevation id="65A9D1F7FFD76535204EF8F05DB95B27" box="[1385,1447,1816,1841]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="69" unit="m" value="20.0">20 m</elevation>
</quantity>
,
<geoCoordinate id="8BB05003FFD7653525AFF8D459035B43" box="[136,285,1852,1877]" degrees="10" direction="north" minutes="31" orientation="latitude" pageId="69" precision="15" seconds="25" value="10.523611">10°31’25’’ N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="8BB05003FFD76535240FF8D459A75B43" box="[296,441,1852,1877]" degrees="99" direction="east" minutes="02" orientation="longitude" pageId="69" precision="15" seconds="04" value="99.03445">99°02’04’’ E</geoCoordinate>
,
<date id="9A3A1004FFD7653524E2F8D45A4E5B43" box="[453,592,1852,1877]" pageId="69" value="2008-06-07">
<collectingDate id="8A7EE9ECFFD7653524E2F8D45A4E5B43" box="[453,592,1852,1877]" pageId="69" value="2008-06-07">7 June 2008</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<emphasis id="DCF0EAD6FFD76535277CF8D45B4F5B43" box="[603,849,1852,1877]" italics="true" pageId="69">
<collectionCode id="8895AE01FFD76535277CF8D45A755B43" box="[603,619,1852,1877]" country="South Africa" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14647" name="University of the Witwatersrand" pageId="69" type="Herbarium">J</collectionCode>
. Sutjaritturakan 674
</emphasis>
(hb.
<collectionCode id="8895AE01FFD7653526ABF8D45BBD5B43" box="[908,931,1852,1877]" country="United Kingdom" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15867" name="Royal Botanic Gardens" pageId="69" type="Herbarium">K</collectionCode>
. &amp;
<collectionCode id="8895AE01FFD7653526ECF8D45BC75B43" box="[971,985,1852,1877]" country="South Africa" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14647" name="University of the Witwatersrand" pageId="69" type="Herbarium">J</collectionCode>
. Kalb 42254)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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