332 lines
32 KiB
XML
332 lines
32 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4725628" ID-GBIF-Dataset="b9f36fb1-1c9d-4af8-96ca-d57973b94862" ID-GBIF-Taxon="189107700" ID-ISSN="1997-3500" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4725628" approvalRequired="1" checkinTime="1619623649741" checkinUser="donat" docAuthor="Seifert, Bernhard" docDate="2021" docId="F52B87F65E2F6158FF5ED83FFC4A1C99" docLanguage="en" docName="myrmecNews.31_133-179_printable.pdf" docOrigin="Myrmecological News 31" docSource="http://zoobank.org/0e55c0d7-531a-48d7-a078-148b96bd461d" docTitle="Formica aquilonia YARROW 1955" docType="treatment" docVersion="10" lastPageNumber="158" masterDocId="0912FF8E5E366141FFC9DA41FF91193E" masterDocTitle="A taxonomic revision of the Palaearctic members of the Formica rufa group (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) - the famous mound-building red wood ants" masterLastPageNumber="179" masterPageNumber="133" pageId="25" pageNumber="158" updateTime="1643400285664" updateUser="diego">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>A taxonomic revision of the Palaearctic members of the Formica rufa group (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) - the famous mound-building red wood ants</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Seifert, Bernhard</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Myrmecological News</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2021</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2021-04-28</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>31</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>133</mods:start>
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<mods:end>179</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://zoobank.org/0e55c0d7-531a-48d7-a078-148b96bd461d</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.25849/myrmecol.news_031:133</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">b9f36fb1-1c9d-4af8-96ca-d57973b94862</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ISSN">1997-3500</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">5582216</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">0E55C0D7-531A-48D7-A078-148B96BD461D</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4725628" ID-GBIF-Taxon="189107700" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4725628" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F52B87F65E2F6158FF5ED83FFC4A1C99" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/F52B87F65E2F6158FF5ED83FFC4A1C99" lastPageNumber="158" pageId="25" pageNumber="158">
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<subSubSection box="[151,661,638,666]" pageId="25" pageNumber="158" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph blockId="25.[151,661,638,666]" box="[151,661,638,666]" pageId="25" pageNumber="158">
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<heading bold="true" box="[151,661,638,666]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="25" pageNumber="158" reason="0">
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<treatmentCitation box="[151,661,638,666]" pageId="25" pageNumber="158">
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<taxonomicName authority="YARROW, 1955" authorityName="YARROW" authorityYear="1955" box="[151,661,638,666]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="158" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aquilonia">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,661,638,666]" pageId="25" pageNumber="158">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,437,638,666]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="158">Formica aquilonia</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation author="YARROW" box="[445,661,639,666]" firstAuthor="YARROW" journalOrPublisher="Transactions of the Society for British Entomology" pageId="25" pageNumber="158" pagination="1 - 48" part="12" refId="ref47744" refString="YARROW, I. H. H. 1955: The British ants allied to Formica rufa L. - Transactions of the Society for British Entomology 12: 1 - 48." title="The British ants allied to Formica rufa L" type="journal article" year="1955">YARROW, 1955</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitation>
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</heading>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="25" pageNumber="158" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph blockId="25.[151,773,689,2023]" pageId="25" pageNumber="158">
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<treatmentCitation box="[151,525,689,711]" pageId="25" pageNumber="158">
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<taxonomicName authority="YARROW, 1955" authorityName="YARROW" authorityYear="1955" box="[151,525,689,711]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="158" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aquilonia">
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<emphasis box="[151,359,689,710]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="158">Formica aquilonia</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation author="YARROW" box="[367,525,689,711]" firstAuthor="YARROW" journalOrPublisher="Transactions of the Society for British Entomology" pageId="25" pageNumber="158" pagination="1 - 48" part="12" refId="ref47744" refString="YARROW, I. H. H. 1955: The British ants allied to Formica rufa L. - Transactions of the Society for British Entomology 12: 1 - 48." title="The British ants allied to Formica rufa L" type="journal article" year="1955">YARROW, 1955</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitation>
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[description, photo of
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<typeStatus box="[151,250,721,743]" pageId="25" pageNumber="158">holotype</typeStatus>
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, zoogeography]
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="25" pageNumber="158" type="discussion">
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<paragraph blockId="25.[151,773,689,2023]" pageId="25" pageNumber="158">
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F52B87F65E2F6158FF5ED83FFC4A1C99:785D603B5E2F6158FF74D8B0FF7F1A39" box="[189,238,753,775]" country="United Kingdom" county="Pertshire" latitude="56.667" longLatPrecision="63" longitude="-4.347" municipality="Black Wood of Rannoch" name="This" pageId="25" pageNumber="158">This</location>
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taxon was described from
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<collectingMunicipality pageId="25" pageNumber="158">Black Wood of Rannoch</collectingMunicipality>
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,
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<collectingCounty box="[221,328,785,807]" pageId="25" pageNumber="158">Pertshire</collectingCounty>
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,
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<collectingCountry box="[341,440,785,807]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="25" pageNumber="158">Scotland</collectingCountry>
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(
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<geoCoordinate box="[456,574,785,807]" degrees="56.667" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="25" pageNumber="158" precision="55" value="56.667">56.667° N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate box="[587,698,785,806]" degrees="4.347" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="25" pageNumber="158" precision="55" value="-4.347">4.347° W</geoCoordinate>
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). YAR- ROW (1955)’s description of gynes and workers, the pictures of the
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<typeStatus box="[293,391,849,871]" pageId="25" pageNumber="158">holotype</typeStatus>
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gyne in AntWeb (
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<bibRefCitation accessDate="2021-01-15" author="ANTWEB" box="[601,764,849,871]" firstAuthor="ANTWEB" pageId="25" pageNumber="158" publicationUrl="https://www.antweb.org>" refId="ref44610" refString="ANTWEB 2021: AntWeb Version 8.54. 4. - <https: // www. antweb. org>, retrieved on 15 January 2021." title="AntWeb Version 8.54. 4." type="url" year="2021">
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<specimenCode box="[601,764,849,871]" collectionCode="ANTWEB" pageId="25" pageNumber="158">ANTWEB 2021</specimenCode>
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</bibRefCitation>
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) (
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<specimenCode box="[158,363,881,903]" collectionCode="CASENT" pageId="25" pageNumber="158">CASENT0903277</specimenCode>
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), and the geographic position of the type locality unquestionably indicate the identity of this taxon.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="25" pageNumber="158" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph blockId="25.[151,773,689,2023]" pageId="25" pageNumber="158">
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All material examined. Numeric phenotypical data were recorded in 81 nest samples with
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<specimenCount box="[636,771,1009,1031]" pageId="25" pageNumber="158" type="worker">381 workers</specimenCount>
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and 30 gynes.
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F52B87F65E2F6158FF5ED83FFC4A1C99:785D603B5E2F6158FEE6DE50FEFE1D19" box="[303,367,1041,1063]" country="Austria" county="The" municipality="For" name="These" pageId="25" pageNumber="158">These</location>
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originated from
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<collectingCountry box="[546,627,1041,1063]" name="Austria" pageId="25" pageNumber="158">Austria</collectingCountry>
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(17 samples), Czechia (three),
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<collectingCountry box="[336,423,1073,1095]" name="Finland" pageId="25" pageNumber="158">Finland</collectingCountry>
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(24), Scotland (one),
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<collectingCountry box="[667,771,1073,1095]" name="Mongolia" pageId="25" pageNumber="158">Mongolia</collectingCountry>
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(five),
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<collectingCountry box="[225,313,1105,1126]" name="Norway" pageId="25" pageNumber="158">Norway</collectingCountry>
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(three),
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<collectingCountry box="[415,491,1105,1127]" name="Russia" pageId="25" pageNumber="158">Russia</collectingCountry>
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(19),
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<collectingCountry box="[560,647,1105,1127]" name="Sweden" pageId="25" pageNumber="158">Sweden</collectingCountry>
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(one), and
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<collectingCountry box="[151,287,1137,1159]" name="Switzerland" pageId="25" pageNumber="158">Switzerland</collectingCountry>
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(eight).
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<collectingMunicipality box="[384,422,1137,1158]" pageId="25" pageNumber="158">For</collectingMunicipality>
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details, see SI1, SI2, and SI3.
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<collectingCounty box="[151,192,1169,1191]" pageId="25" pageNumber="158">The</collectingCounty>
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total number of samples numerically or subjectively investigated was 130.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="25" pageNumber="158" type="distribution">
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<paragraph blockId="25.[151,773,689,2023]" pageId="25" pageNumber="158">
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Geographic range. Eurosiberian-boreomontane. Continuous range from
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<collectingCountry box="[421,771,1265,1287]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="25" pageNumber="158">Northern Ireland and Scotland</collectingCountry>
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to
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F52B87F65E2F6158FF5ED83FFC4A1C99:785D603B5E2F6158FF7CDF50FEAD1C19" box="[181,316,1297,1319]" country="United Kingdom" county="Eastern Alps" latitude="63.0" longLatPrecision="0" longitude="9.0" municipality="Bohemian Forest" name="East Siberia" pageId="25" pageNumber="158">East Siberia</location>
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(
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<geoCoordinate box="[332,409,1297,1318]" degrees="131" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="25" pageNumber="158" precision="55555" value="131.0">131° E</geoCoordinate>
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), in Fennoscandia between 56.3 and
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<geoCoordinate box="[201,267,1329,1350]" degrees="71" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="25" pageNumber="158" precision="55555" value="71.0">71° N</geoCoordinate>
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, and in Siberia between 47.5 and
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<geoCoordinate box="[650,718,1328,1350]" degrees="63" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="25" pageNumber="158" precision="55555" value="63.0">63° N</geoCoordinate>
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. The montane range in Europe extends from SE to NW over the
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F52B87F65E2F6158FF5ED83FFC4A1C99:785D603B5E2F6158FF5EDF31FED51CB8" box="[151,324,1392,1414]" country="United Kingdom" county="Eastern Alps" latitude="63.0" longLatPrecision="0" longitude="9.0" municipality="Bohemian Forest" name="Rila Mountains" pageId="25" pageNumber="158">
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Rila
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<collectorName box="[202,377,1392,1414]" pageId="25" pageNumber="158">Mountains, NW</collectorName>
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</location>
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Carpathians,
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<collectingMunicipality box="[531,720,1392,1414]" pageId="25" pageNumber="158">Bohemian Forest</collectingMunicipality>
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, and the
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<collectingCounty box="[194,337,1424,1446]" pageId="25" pageNumber="158">Eastern Alps</collectingCounty>
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westward to
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<geoCoordinate box="[489,542,1425,1446]" degrees="9" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="25" pageNumber="158" precision="55555" value="9.0">9° E</geoCoordinate>
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.
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<collectorName box="[553,577,1425,1446]" pageId="25" pageNumber="158">In</collectorName>
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the
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<collectorName box="[629,678,1424,1446]" pageId="25" pageNumber="158">Alps</collectorName>
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ascending to
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<quantity box="[223,304,1457,1478]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.4" pageId="25" pageNumber="158" unit="m" value="2400.0">
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<elevation box="[223,304,1457,1478]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.4" pageId="25" pageNumber="158" unit="m" value="2400.0">2400 m</elevation>
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</quantity>
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. Main distribution in the Alps within the autochthonous distributional area of
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<taxonomicName authority="(EICHHORN 1964)" baseAuthorityName="EICHHORN" baseAuthorityYear="1964" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Larix" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="25" pageNumber="158" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[574,637,1489,1510]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="158">Larix</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation author="EICHHORN" firstAuthor="EICHHORN" journalOrPublisher="Zeitschrift fur Angewandte Entomologie" pageId="25" pageNumber="158" pagination="253 - 289" part="43" refId="ref45382" refString="EICHHORN, O. 1964: Zur Verbreitung und Okologie der hugelbauenden Waldameisen. - Zeitschrift fur Angewandte Entomologie 43: 253 - 289." title="Zur Verbreitung und Okologie der hugelbauenden Waldameisen" type="journal article" year="1964">EICHHORN 1964</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="25" pageNumber="158" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph blockId="25.[151,773,689,2023]" pageId="25" pageNumber="158">
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Diagnosis of worker (
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<tableCitation box="[511,597,1553,1575]" captionStart="Tab" captionStartId="12.[151,191,177,199]" captionTargetBox="[158,1430,288,1992]" captionTargetId="graphics-52@12.[151,1437,281,2018]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Tab.2: Workers of species and hybrids similar to Formica rufa and Formica aquilonia; head size and RAV-corrected data for the assumption of each individual having a head size of 1750µm; data given as arithmetic mean ± standard deviation (lower extreme, upper extreme) number of individuals." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/29FD66685E3A614DFF5EDAF0FDB11839" pageId="25" pageNumber="158">Tab. 2</tableCitation>
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, key). Small; mean and maximum
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<collectionCode box="[394,424,1585,1606]" country="France" name="Musee des Dinosaures d'Esperaza (Aude)" pageId="25" pageNumber="158">CS</collectionCode>
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over all social
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<typeStatus box="[598,659,1585,1606]" pageId="25" pageNumber="158">types</typeStatus>
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1575 and
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<quantity box="[151,251,1617,1638]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.902" pageId="25" pageNumber="158" unit="mm" value="1902.0">1902 µm</quantity>
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. Scape short and rather thickset,
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<collectionCode box="[644,673,1617,1638]" country="Sierra Leone" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14608" name="University of Sierra Leone, Njala University College" pageId="25" pageNumber="158" type="Herbarium">SL</collectionCode>
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||
/ CS
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<subScript attach="left" box="[732,771,1626,1640]" fontSize="6" pageId="25" pageNumber="158">1750</subScript>
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0.908,
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<collectionCode box="[230,259,1649,1670]" country="Sierra Leone" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14608" name="University of Sierra Leone, Njala University College" pageId="25" pageNumber="158" type="Herbarium">SL</collectionCode>
|
||
/ Smax
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||
<subScript attach="left" box="[351,390,1658,1672]" fontSize="6" pageId="25" pageNumber="158">1750</subScript>
|
||
9.25. Setae on eyes rather short, EyeHL
|
||
<subScript attach="left" box="[226,264,1690,1704]" fontSize="6" pageId="25" pageNumber="158">1750</subScript>
|
||
<quantity box="[271,341,1681,1702]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.4" pageId="25" pageNumber="158" unit="mm" value="24.0">24 µm</quantity>
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||
; setae on dorsal plane of scape usually absent or few, nSc
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||
<subScript attach="left" box="[350,388,1722,1736]" fontSize="6" pageId="25" pageNumber="158">1750</subScript>
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usually 0 - 2; head margin behind eyes with few short setae which usually concentrate at the occipital corners, nCH
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<subScript attach="left" box="[404,442,1786,1800]" fontSize="6" pageId="25" pageNumber="158">1750</subScript>
|
||
5.1, OccHL
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||
<subScript attach="left" box="[576,614,1786,1800]" fontSize="6" pageId="25" pageNumber="158">1750</subScript>
|
||
<quantity box="[623,694,1777,1799]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.4" pageId="25" pageNumber="158" unit="mm" value="64.0">64 µm</quantity>
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||
; gular, pronotal, and propodeal setae sparse and rather short, nPn
|
||
<subScript attach="left" box="[196,234,1850,1864]" fontSize="6" pageId="25" pageNumber="158">1750</subScript>
|
||
7.9,mPnHL
|
||
<subScript attach="left" box="[367,405,1850,1864]" fontSize="6" pageId="25" pageNumber="158">1750</subScript>
|
||
<quantity box="[411,479,1841,1862]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.2" pageId="25" pageNumber="158" unit="mm" value="42.0">42µm</quantity>
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||
, nPr
|
||
<subScript attach="left" box="[528,566,1850,1864]" fontSize="6" pageId="25" pageNumber="158">1750</subScript>
|
||
5.8; seta on lateral mesopleuron more numerous but on lateral metapleuron absent or very few and of moderate length, nMes
|
||
<subScript attach="left" box="[678,716,1914,1928]" fontSize="6" pageId="25" pageNumber="158">1750</subScript>
|
||
14.7, nMet
|
||
<subScript attach="left" box="[209,247,1946,1960]" fontSize="6" pageId="25" pageNumber="158">1750</subScript>
|
||
1.8, MetHL
|
||
<subScript attach="left" box="[378,416,1946,1960]" fontSize="6" pageId="25" pageNumber="158">1750</subScript>
|
||
<quantity box="[422,489,1937,1959]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.6" pageId="25" pageNumber="158" unit="mm" value="86.0">86µm</quantity>
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||
.
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</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph blockId="25.[151,773,689,2023]" lastBlockId="25.[816,1438,177,1447]" pageId="25" pageNumber="158">
|
||
Diagnosis of gyne (
|
||
<tableCitation box="[478,564,1969,1991]" captionStart="Tab" captionStartId="16.[151,191,177,199]" captionTargetBox="[158,1429,256,2005]" captionTargetId="graphics-28@16.[151,1437,249,2018]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Tab.6: Gynes of species and hybrids with sparse pilosity; data given as arithmetic mean ± standard deviation (lower extreme, upper extreme) number of individuals." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/29FD66685E266151FF5EDAF0FDB119D9" pageId="25" pageNumber="158">Tab. 6</tableCitation>
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||
,
|
||
<figureCitation box="[588,668,1969,1991]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="9.[151,197,1753,1775]" captionTargetBox="[151,1437,170,1729]" captionTargetId="figure-11@9.[594,1146,882,1245]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figs.5-13: (5-ussu) Formica ussuriensis sp.n., worker, holotype, head. (6-ussu) Formica ussuriensis sp.n., worker, holotype, lateral.(7-ussu) Formica ussuriensis sp.n., gyne, head; note the more trapezoid headshape.(8-aqui) Formica aquilonia, gyne, head; note the more rounded head shape.(9-prat) Formica pratensis, worker, neotype, head; note the more reticulate microsculpture of central vertex compared with Formica lugubris (Figs.14, 15), producing a matt surface appearance.(10-prat) Formica pratensis, worker, neotype, lateral aspect. (11-prat) Formica pratensis, gyne, P morph, lateral; almost no setae on head, mesosoma, and first gaster tergite. (12-prat) Formica pratensis, gyne, N morph, lateral; many setae on head, mesosoma, and first gaster tergite. (13-kupy) Formica kupyanskayae, gyne, head." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5582236" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5582236/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="158">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
|
||
). Small; mean and maximum
|
||
<collectionCode box="[389,419,2001,2022]" country="France" name="Musee des Dinosaures d'Esperaza (Aude)" pageId="25" pageNumber="158">CS</collectionCode>
|
||
2015 and
|
||
<quantity box="[536,631,2001,2022]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.173" pageId="25" pageNumber="158" unit="mm" value="2173.0">2173 µm</quantity>
|
||
. Scape short and thickset,
|
||
<collectionCode box="[973,1002,177,198]" country="Sierra Leone" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14608" name="University of Sierra Leone, Njala University College" pageId="25" pageNumber="158" type="Herbarium">SL</collectionCode>
|
||
/
|
||
<collectionCode box="[1030,1060,177,198]" country="France" name="Musee des Dinosaures d'Esperaza (Aude)" pageId="25" pageNumber="158">CS</collectionCode>
|
||
0.810,
|
||
<collectionCode box="[1146,1175,177,198]" country="Sierra Leone" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14608" name="University of Sierra Leone, Njala University College" pageId="25" pageNumber="158" type="Herbarium">SL</collectionCode>
|
||
/ Smax 8.32. Setae on eyes rather short, EyeHL
|
||
<quantity box="[1115,1188,209,230]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.9" pageId="25" pageNumber="158" unit="mm" value="29.0">29 µm</quantity>
|
||
; head margin behind eyes with very few short setae which usually concentrate at the occipital corners, nCH 2.1, OccHL
|
||
<quantity box="[1287,1359,273,294]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="25" pageNumber="158" unit="mm" value="30.0">30 µm</quantity>
|
||
; gular, pronotal, mesopleural, and metapleural setae and those on frontal face of first gaster tergite few and rather short, nGu 3.1, GuHL
|
||
<quantity box="[988,1056,368,390]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.1" pageId="25" pageNumber="158" unit="mm" value="51.0">51 µm</quantity>
|
||
, PnHL
|
||
<quantity box="[1138,1208,369,390]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.3" pageId="25" pageNumber="158" unit="mm" value="43.0">43 µm</quantity>
|
||
, nMes 2.5, nMet 1.4, MetHL
|
||
<quantity box="[902,972,401,422]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="25" pageNumber="158" unit="mm" value="30.0">30 µm</quantity>
|
||
, nGfr 8.1, GfrHL
|
||
<quantity box="[1165,1235,401,423]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.4" pageId="25" pageNumber="158" unit="mm" value="64.0">64 µm</quantity>
|
||
. Margin of petiole scale above spiracle with few short setae. Pigmentation without peculiarities. Dorsum of gaster shiny but less than in
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="LINNAEUS" authorityYear="1761" box="[899,1045,497,518]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="158" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufa">
|
||
<emphasis box="[899,1045,497,518]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="158">Formica rufa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; foveolae on first gaster tergite more dense, FodG
|
||
<quantity box="[958,1044,529,550]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.77" pageId="25" pageNumber="158" unit="mm" value="27.7">27.7 µm</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="25" pageNumber="158" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="25.[816,1438,177,1447]" pageId="25" pageNumber="158">
|
||
<collectionCode box="[854,1007,561,583]" name="Tavera, Department of Geology and Geophysics" pageId="25" pageNumber="158">Taxonomic</collectionCode>
|
||
comments and clustering re-sults. Results of clustering are shown and commented in section “
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="YARROW" authorityYear="1955" box="[937,1143,625,646]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="158" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aquilonia">
|
||
<emphasis box="[937,1143,625,646]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="158">Formica aquilonia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
×
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="FOERSTER" authorityYear="1850" box="[1170,1279,625,646]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="158" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="polyctena">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1170,1279,625,646]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="158">polyctena</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
– hybrids and backcrosses” (p. 156). Frequent hybridization and introgression raise the question if
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="YARROW" authorityYear="1955" box="[1149,1283,689,710]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="158" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aquilonia">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1149,1283,689,710]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="158">F. aquilonia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="FOERSTER" authorityYear="1850" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="158" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="polyctena">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="158">Formica polyctena</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can be considered as separate species. One option would be to reduce them to subspecies with differing climatic adaptations – boreo-montane and frost-hardy in
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="YARROW" authorityYear="1955" box="[816,947,817,838]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="158" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aquilonia">
|
||
<emphasis box="[816,947,817,838]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="158">F. aquilonia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and temperate-planar-colline and less frosthardy in
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="FOERSTER" authorityYear="1850" box="[921,1061,849,870]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="158" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="polyctena">
|
||
<emphasis box="[921,1061,849,870]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="158">F. polyctena</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. I advocate here, for operational and pragmatic reasons, to stay with a nomenclatorial treatment as different species. Reticulate evolution in the
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="LINNAEUS" authorityYear="1761" box="[816,966,945,966]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="158" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufa">
|
||
<emphasis box="[816,966,945,966]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="158">Formica rufa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group as a whole already produces a diffi- cult taxonomic situation which would be further complicated if we abandon the parsimonious binary naming. A third, radical solution, synonymizing
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="YARROW" authorityYear="1955" box="[1226,1357,1041,1062]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="158" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aquilonia">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1226,1357,1041,1062]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="158">F. aquilonia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="FOERSTER" authorityYear="1850" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="158" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="polyctena">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="158">F. polyctena</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and then, as a logical consequence (see section “
|
||
<treatmentCitation box="[826,1167,1105,1127]" pageId="25" pageNumber="158">
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="LINNAEUS, 1761" authorityName="LINNAEUS" authorityYear="1761" box="[826,1167,1105,1127]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="158" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufa">
|
||
<emphasis box="[826,979,1105,1126]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="158">Formica rufa</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="LINNAEUS" bookContentInfo="578 pp." box="[988,1167,1105,1127]" firstAuthor="LINNAEUS" journalOrPublisher="L. Salvii, Stockholmiae" pageId="25" pageNumber="158" refId="ref46105" refString="LINNAEUS, C. 1761: Fauna suecica sistens animalia Sueciae regni: Mammalia, Aves, Amphibia, Pisces, Insecta, Vermes. Editio altera, auctior. - L. Salvii, Stockholmiae [= Stockholm], 48 + 578 pp." title="Fauna suecica sistens animalia Sueciae regni: Mammalia, Aves, Amphibia, Pisces, Insecta, Vermes. Editio altera, auctior" type="book" year="1761">LINNAEUS, 1761</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
”, p. 152), synonymizing these two taxa also with
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="LINNAEUS" authorityYear="1761" box="[1098,1173,1137,1158]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="158" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufa">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1098,1173,1137,1158]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="158">F. rufa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, causes more problems than it solves. Speaking only of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="LINNAEUS" authorityYear="1761" box="[1188,1266,1169,1190]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="158" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufa">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1188,1266,1169,1190]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="158">F. rufa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
would cause a loss of information on the structure of biodiversity and on the natural history of its elements. For hybridization with
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="ZETTERSTEDT" authorityYear="1838" box="[926,1122,1265,1286]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="158" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lugubris">
|
||
<emphasis box="[926,1122,1265,1286]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="158">Formica lugubris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="SEIFERT" authorityYear="1996" box="[1179,1429,1265,1286]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="158" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="paralugubris">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1179,1429,1265,1286]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="158">Formica paralugubris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, see sections “Hybrids
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="YARROW" authorityYear="1955" box="[1077,1295,1297,1318]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="158" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aquilonia">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1077,1295,1297,1318]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="158">Formica aquilonia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
×
|
||
<emphasis box="[1328,1436,1297,1318]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="158">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="ZETTERSTEDT" authorityYear="1838" box="[1328,1428,1297,1318]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="158" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lugubris">lugubris</taxonomicName>
|
||
”
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(p.152) and “Hybrids
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="YARROW" authorityYear="1955" box="[1051,1254,1329,1350]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="158" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aquilonia">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1051,1254,1329,1350]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="158">Formica aquilonia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
×
|
||
<emphasis box="[1280,1436,1329,1350]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="158">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="SEIFERT" authorityYear="1996" box="[1280,1429,1329,1350]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="158" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="paralugubris">paralugubris</taxonomicName>
|
||
”
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(p.156).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="25" pageNumber="158" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="25.[816,1438,177,1447]" pageId="25" pageNumber="158">
|
||
Habitat and biology. See the species profile in
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="SEIFERT" bookContentInfo="408 pp." box="[816,984,1425,1447]" firstAuthor="SEIFERT" journalOrPublisher="Lutra Verlags- und Vertriebsgesellschaft, Tauer" pageId="25" pageNumber="158" refId="ref46930" refString="SEIFERT, B. 2018: The ants of Central and North Europe. - Lutra Verlags- und Vertriebsgesellschaft, Tauer, 408 pp." title="The ants of Central and North Europe" type="book" year="2018">SEIFERT (2018)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |