treatments-xml/data/F5/2B/87/F52B87F65E136167FCF9D9BFFF5C1D18.xml
2024-06-21 12:57:59 +02:00

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<mods:title>A taxonomic revision of the Palaearctic members of the Formica rufa group (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) - the famous mound-building red wood ants</mods:title>
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<paragraph blockId="37.[816,1278,1022,1050]" box="[816,1278,1022,1050]" pageId="37" pageNumber="170">
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<taxonomicName authority="EMERY, 1909" authorityName="EMERY" authorityYear="1909" box="[816,1278,1022,1050]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="170" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dusmeti">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[816,1278,1022,1050]" pageId="37" pageNumber="170">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[816,1080,1022,1050]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="170">Formica dusmeti</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="EMERY" box="[1087,1278,1024,1050]" firstAuthor="EMERY" journalOrPublisher="Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift" pageId="37" pageNumber="170" pagination="179 - 204" part="1909" refId="ref45407" refString="EMERY, C. 1909: Beitrage zur Monographie der Formiciden des Palaarktischen Faunengebietes. 7. - Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 1909: 179 - 204." title="Beitrage zur Monographie der Formiciden des Palaarktischen Faunengebietes" type="journal article" year="1909">EMERY, 1909</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
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</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="37" pageNumber="170" type="reference_group">
<paragraph blockId="37.[816,1437,1073,2024]" pageId="37" pageNumber="170">
<treatmentCitation box="[816,1270,1073,1094]" pageId="37" pageNumber="170">
<taxonomicName authority="EMERY, 1909" authorityName="EMERY" authorityYear="1909" box="[816,1270,1073,1094]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="170" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="rufa" subSpecies="dusmeti">
<emphasis box="[816,968,1073,1094]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="170">Formica rufa</emphasis>
ssp.
<emphasis box="[1026,1117,1073,1094]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="170">dusmeti</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="EMERY" box="[1125,1270,1073,1094]" firstAuthor="EMERY" journalOrPublisher="Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift" pageId="37" pageNumber="170" pagination="179 - 204" part="1909" refId="ref45407" refString="EMERY, C. 1909: Beitrage zur Monographie der Formiciden des Palaarktischen Faunengebietes. 7. - Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 1909: 179 - 204." title="Beitrage zur Monographie der Formiciden des Palaarktischen Faunengebietes" type="journal article" year="1909">EMERY, 1909</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
[conception of
<bibRefCitation author="TINAUT &amp; MARTINEZ-IBANEZ" box="[816,1210,1104,1127]" firstAuthor="TINAUT" journalOrPublisher="Graellsia" pageId="37" pageNumber="170" pagination="31 - 41" part="54" refId="ref47472" refString="TINAUT, A. &amp; MARTINEZ-IBANEZ, D. 1998: Taxonomy and distribution of Formica dusmeti EMERY, 1909 and of F. frontalis SANTSCHI, 1919 (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). - Graellsia 54: 31 - 41." title="Taxonomy and distribution of Formica dusmeti EMERY, 1909 and of F. frontalis SANTSCHI, 1919 (Hymenoptera, Formicidae)" type="journal article" year="1998">TINAUT &amp; MARTINEZ-IBANEZ (1998)</bibRefCitation>
]
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="37" pageNumber="170" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph blockId="37.[816,1437,1073,2024]" pageId="37" pageNumber="170">
The original description reports as
<typeStatus box="[1249,1298,1137,1158]" pageId="37" pageNumber="170">type</typeStatus>
locality and collector: “Peñalosa in
<collectingCountry box="[1063,1156,1169,1191]" name="Spain" pageId="37" pageNumber="170">Spanien</collectingCountry>
;
<specimenCount box="[1165,1302,1169,1191]" pageId="37" pageNumber="170" type="generic">3 Exemplare</specimenCount>
wurden mir von Herrn Dusmet mitgeteilt.”
<collectorName box="[1172,1287,1201,1223]" pageId="37" pageNumber="170">According</collectorName>
to
<bibRefCitation author="TINAUT &amp; MARTINEZ-IBANEZ" firstAuthor="TINAUT" journalOrPublisher="Graellsia" pageId="37" pageNumber="170" pagination="31 - 41" part="54" refId="ref47472" refString="TINAUT, A. &amp; MARTINEZ-IBANEZ, D. 1998: Taxonomy and distribution of Formica dusmeti EMERY, 1909 and of F. frontalis SANTSCHI, 1919 (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). - Graellsia 54: 31 - 41." title="Taxonomy and distribution of Formica dusmeti EMERY, 1909 and of F. frontalis SANTSCHI, 1919 (Hymenoptera, Formicidae)" type="journal article" year="1998">TINAUT &amp; MARTINEZ-IBANEZ (1998)</bibRefCitation>
, there is obviously a misspelling of the site as the
<specimenCount box="[992,1114,1265,1287]" pageId="37" pageNumber="170" type="worker">two worker</specimenCount>
specimens in the
<collectorName box="[1305,1391,1265,1286]" pageId="37" pageNumber="170">Dusmet</collectorName>
collection in
<collectionCode box="[921,997,1297,1318]" country="Spain" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:35275" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:35275" name="Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales" pageId="37" pageNumber="170" type="Museum">MNCN</collectionCode>
<collectingRegion box="[1002,1083,1297,1319]" country="Spain" name="Madrid" pageId="37" pageNumber="170">Madrid</collectingRegion>
bear labels indicating “Peñalara” as the collecting site.
<collectingCounty box="[1061,1208,1329,1351]" pageId="37" pageNumber="170">Furthermore</collectingCounty>
, TINAUT &amp; MARTIN- EZ-IBANEZ (1998) quoted
<taxonomicName authorityName="EMERY" authorityYear="1909" box="[1112,1234,1361,1382]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="170" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dusmeti">
<emphasis box="[1112,1234,1361,1382]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="170">F. dusmeti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
to be frequent at
<collectingMunicipality box="[816,913,1393,1415]" pageId="37" pageNumber="170">Peñalara</collectingMunicipality>
(
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F52B87F65E136167FCF9D9BFFF5C1D18:785D603B5E136164FC57DF30FBF61CB9" box="[926,1127,1393,1415]" country="Spain" county="Furthermore" municipality="Penalara" name="Sierra de Penalara" pageId="37" pageNumber="170" stateProvince="Madrid">
Sierra
<collectorName box="[998,1127,1393,1415]" pageId="37" pageNumber="170">de Peñalara</collectorName>
</location>
) but to be absent from
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F52B87F65E136167FCF9D9BFFF5C1D18:785D603B5E136164FA97DF30FCCD1C99" country="Spain" county="Furthermore" municipality="Penalara" name="Penalosa" pageId="37" pageNumber="170" stateProvince="Madrid">Peñalosa</location>
and surrounding areas in the province of
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F52B87F65E136167FCF9D9BFFF5C1D18:785D603B5E136164FAEEDFD0FA191C99" box="[1319,1416,1425,1447]" country="Spain" county="Furthermore" municipality="Penalara" name="Cordoba" pageId="37" pageNumber="170" stateProvince="Madrid">Cordoba</location>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="37.[816,1437,1073,2024]" pageId="37" pageNumber="170">
All material examined. Numeric phenotypical data were recorded in three samples with
<specimenCount box="[1281,1436,1489,1511]" pageId="37" pageNumber="170" type="worker">seven workers</specimenCount>
from
<collectingCountry box="[876,942,1521,1543]" name="Spain" pageId="37" pageNumber="170">Spain</collectingCountry>
.
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F52B87F65E136167FCF9D9BFFF5C1D18:785D603B5E136164FC71DFB0FC4C1F38" box="[952,989,1521,1542]" country="Spain" name="For" pageId="37" pageNumber="170">For</location>
details, see SI1, SI2, and SI3.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="37" pageNumber="170" type="distribution">
<paragraph blockId="37.[816,1437,1073,2024]" pageId="37" pageNumber="170">
Geographical range. According to
<bibRefCitation author="TINAUT &amp; MARTINEZ-IBANEZ" firstAuthor="TINAUT" journalOrPublisher="Graellsia" pageId="37" pageNumber="170" pagination="31 - 41" part="54" refId="ref47472" refString="TINAUT, A. &amp; MARTINEZ-IBANEZ, D. 1998: Taxonomy and distribution of Formica dusmeti EMERY, 1909 and of F. frontalis SANTSCHI, 1919 (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). - Graellsia 54: 31 - 41." title="Taxonomy and distribution of Formica dusmeti EMERY, 1909 and of F. frontalis SANTSCHI, 1919 (Hymenoptera, Formicidae)" type="journal article" year="1998">TINAUT &amp; MARTINEZ-IBANEZ (1998)</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation author="ESPADALER &amp; GOMEZ" box="[1139,1435,1585,1607]" firstAuthor="ESPADALER" journalOrPublisher="Annales Zoologici" pageId="37" pageNumber="170" pagination="39 - 41" part="50" refId="ref45434" refString="ESPADALER, X. &amp; GOMEZ, C. 2000: Formica dusmeti EMERY, 1909, an Iberian endemic ant species: description of the male and distribution (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). - Annales Zoologici 50: 39 - 41." title="Formica dusmeti EMERY, 1909, an Iberian endemic ant species: description of the male and distribution (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)" type="journal article" year="2000">ESPADALER &amp; GOMEZ (2000)</bibRefCitation>
restricted to
<collectingCountry box="[955,1021,1617,1639]" name="Georgia" pageId="37" pageNumber="170">Iberia</collectingCountry>
with main occurrence in the northern part of the Peninsula. The altitude of seven sites was 1573 ±
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, which is higher than in
<taxonomicName authorityName="SANTSCHI" authorityYear="1919" box="[1173,1368,1681,1702]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="170" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="frontalis">
<emphasis box="[1173,1368,1681,1702]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="170">Formica frontalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="38" lastPageNumber="171" pageId="37" pageNumber="170" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph blockId="37.[816,1437,1073,2024]" lastBlockId="38.[151,773,177,1062]" lastPageId="38" lastPageNumber="171" pageId="37" pageNumber="170">
Diagnosis of worker (
<tableCitation box="[1193,1280,1712,1735]" captionStart="Tab" captionStartId="15.[151,191,177,199]" captionTargetBox="[157,1428,288,1993]" captionTargetId="graphics-48@15.[150,1436,281,2018]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Tab.5: Workers of the Formica truncorum species complex; head size and RAV-corrected data for the assumption of each individual having a head size of 1750 µm; data given as arithmetic mean ± standard deviation (lower extreme, upper extreme) number of individuals." pageId="37" pageNumber="170">Tab. 5</tableCitation>
, key). Medium-sized, mean and maximum
<collectionCode box="[1190,1220,1745,1766]" country="France" name="Musee des Dinosaures d'Esperaza (Aude)" pageId="37" pageNumber="170">CS</collectionCode>
1706 and
<quantity box="[1336,1433,1745,1766]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.074" pageId="37" pageNumber="170" unit="mm" value="2074.0">2074 µm</quantity>
. Head elongated,
<collectionCode box="[1001,1032,1777,1798]" country="Romania" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15579" name="Babes-Bolyai University" pageId="37" pageNumber="170" type="Herbarium">CL</collectionCode>
/ CW
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1.113. Clypeal structure as in
<taxonomicName authorityName="FABRICIUS" authorityYear="1804" box="[846,1071,1809,1830]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="170" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="truncorum">
<emphasis box="[846,1071,1809,1830]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="170">Formica truncorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Scape very long and slender,
<collectionCode box="[1408,1436,1809,1830]" country="Sierra Leone" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14608" name="University of Sierra Leone, Njala University College" pageId="37" pageNumber="170" type="Herbarium">SL</collectionCode>
/
<collectionCode box="[834,863,1841,1862]" country="France" name="Musee des Dinosaures d'Esperaza (Aude)" pageId="37" pageNumber="170">CS</collectionCode>
<subScript attach="left" box="[863,901,1850,1864]" fontSize="6" pageId="37" pageNumber="170">1750</subScript>
1.001,
<collectionCode box="[980,1008,1841,1862]" country="Sierra Leone" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14608" name="University of Sierra Leone, Njala University College" pageId="37" pageNumber="170" type="Herbarium">SL</collectionCode>
/ Smax
<subScript attach="left" box="[1093,1131,1850,1864]" fontSize="6" pageId="37" pageNumber="170">1750</subScript>
11.08. Petiole scale narrow, PeW /
<collectionCode box="[892,921,1873,1894]" country="France" name="Musee des Dinosaures d'Esperaza (Aude)" pageId="37" pageNumber="170">CS</collectionCode>
<subScript attach="left" box="[921,959,1882,1896]" fontSize="6" pageId="37" pageNumber="170">1750</subScript>
0.438. Eyes without or with only short microsetae, EyeHL
<subScript attach="left" box="[1000,1039,1914,1928]" fontSize="6" pageId="37" pageNumber="170">1750</subScript>
<quantity box="[1047,1117,1905,1926]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" pageId="37" pageNumber="170" unit="mm" value="14.0">14 µm</quantity>
. Dorsal plane of scape completely without setae, nSc
<subScript attach="left" box="[1098,1136,1946,1960]" fontSize="6" pageId="37" pageNumber="170">1750</subScript>
0.0. Setae number on each place of the body strongly reduced, clearly smaller than in
<taxonomicName authorityName="SANTSCHI" authorityYear="1919" box="[847,1048,2001,2022]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="170" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="frontalis">
<emphasis box="[847,1048,2001,2022]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="170">Formica frontalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, nCH
<subScript attach="left" box="[1114,1152,2010,2024]" fontSize="6" pageId="37" pageNumber="170">1750</subScript>
0.0, nGu
<subScript attach="left" box="[1257,1295,2010,2024]" fontSize="6" pageId="37" pageNumber="170">1750</subScript>
0.0, nPn
<subScript attach="left" box="[1398,1436,2010,2024]" fontSize="6" pageId="37" pageNumber="170">1750</subScript>
0.3, nMes
<subScript attach="left" box="[257,295,186,200]" fontSize="6" pageId="38" pageNumber="171">1750</subScript>
2.4, nPr
<subScript attach="left" box="[383,421,186,200]" fontSize="6" pageId="38" pageNumber="171">1750</subScript>
0.8, nMet
<subScript attach="left" box="[530,568,186,200]" fontSize="6" pageId="38" pageNumber="171">1750</subScript>
0.4; when present, setae are short or of medium length, GuHL
<subScript attach="left" box="[638,676,218,232]" fontSize="6" pageId="38" pageNumber="171">1750</subScript>
<quantity box="[684,767,209,231]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.56" pageId="38" pageNumber="171" unit="mm" value="156.0">156 µm</quantity>
, mPnHL
<subScript attach="left" box="[236,273,250,264]" fontSize="6" pageId="38" pageNumber="171">1750</subScript>
<quantity box="[278,344,241,262]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" pageId="38" pageNumber="171" unit="mm" value="18.0">18µm</quantity>
, MetHL
<subScript attach="left" box="[430,467,250,264]" fontSize="6" pageId="38" pageNumber="171">1750</subScript>
<quantity box="[471,539,241,262]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.8" pageId="38" pageNumber="171" unit="mm" value="28.0">28µm</quantity>
. Typical pigmentation in medium-sized to large workers: whole head, mesosoma, petiole, and frontal part of first gaster segment light or- ange brown.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="38.[151,773,177,1062]" box="[189,657,369,391]" pageId="38" pageNumber="171">Diagnosis of gyne. Unknown to me.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="38" pageNumber="171" type="discussion">
<paragraph blockId="38.[151,773,177,1062]" pageId="38" pageNumber="171">
Taxonomic comments and clustering results. I maintain here the concept of TINAUT &amp; MAR- TINEZ-IBANEZ (1998), who separated
<taxonomicName authorityName="EMERY" authorityYear="1909" box="[541,726,465,486]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="171" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dusmeti">
<emphasis box="[541,726,465,486]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="171">Formica dusmeti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName authorityName="SANTSCHI" authorityYear="1919" box="[151,347,497,518]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="171" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="frontalis">
<emphasis box="[151,347,497,518]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="171">Formica frontalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
workers based on strong differences in setae numbers on pronotum, hind margin, and underside of head. This is basically confirmed by the data given in
<tableCitation box="[151,234,592,615]" captionStart="Tab" captionStartId="15.[151,191,177,199]" captionTargetBox="[157,1428,288,1993]" captionTargetId="graphics-48@15.[150,1436,281,2018]" captionText="Tab.5: Workers of the Formica truncorum species complex; head size and RAV-corrected data for the assumption of each individual having a head size of 1750 µm; data given as arithmetic mean ± standard deviation (lower extreme, upper extreme) number of individuals." pageId="38" pageNumber="171">Table 5</tableCitation>
. Using these data, the first principal component provided a clear separation of
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seven
<taxonomicName authorityName="EMERY" authorityYear="1909" box="[549,664,625,646]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="171" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dusmeti">
<emphasis box="[549,664,625,646]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="171">F. dusmeti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</specimenCount>
and
<specimenCount box="[717,773,624,646]" pageId="38" pageNumber="171" type="generic">
25
<taxonomicName authorityName="SANTSCHI" authorityYear="1919" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="171" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="frontalis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="171">F. frontalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</specimenCount>
workers. However, the sample size is low, and considering the extreme intraspecific variation of pilosity data known in several species of the
<taxonomicName authorityName="LINNAEUS" authorityYear="1761" box="[547,695,721,742]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="171" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufa">
<emphasis box="[547,695,721,742]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="171">Formica rufa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group, a thorough morphometric and genetic study is desired. Xavier Espadaler (pers. comm.
<date box="[512,624,785,807]" pageId="38" pageNumber="171" value="2020-07">July 2020</date>
) commented that some Portuguese and West Spanish populations of
<taxonomicName authorityName="EMERY" authorityYear="1909" box="[151,269,849,870]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="171" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dusmeti">
<emphasis box="[151,269,849,870]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="171">F. dusmeti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName authorityName="SANTSCHI" authorityYear="1919" box="[326,449,849,870]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="171" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="frontalis">
<emphasis box="[326,449,849,870]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="171">F. frontalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
appeared to be intermediate in pilosity data.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="38" pageNumber="171" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph blockId="38.[151,773,177,1062]" pageId="38" pageNumber="171">
Biology.
<bibRefCitation author="TINAUT &amp; MARTINEZ-IBANEZ" box="[315,699,913,935]" firstAuthor="TINAUT" journalOrPublisher="Graellsia" pageId="38" pageNumber="171" pagination="31 - 41" part="54" refId="ref47472" refString="TINAUT, A. &amp; MARTINEZ-IBANEZ, D. 1998: Taxonomy and distribution of Formica dusmeti EMERY, 1909 and of F. frontalis SANTSCHI, 1919 (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). - Graellsia 54: 31 - 41." title="Taxonomy and distribution of Formica dusmeti EMERY, 1909 and of F. frontalis SANTSCHI, 1919 (Hymenoptera, Formicidae)" type="journal article" year="1998">TINAUT &amp; MARTINEZ-IBANEZ (1998)</bibRefCitation>
report as main habitat conifer woodland, but it has also been found in open situations under large rocks and stone plates. Alates were observed between 14 June and 4 August.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>