519 lines
74 KiB
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519 lines
74 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="D4721C85407C88B68D9937EDF6C46ACD">A new species of Plumarella (Octocorallia: Calcaxonia: Primnoidae) from the Northeast Pacific, and the redescription of Plumarella longispina Kinoshita, 1908</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="B99790391118FEDC55716E04116FCD7C">Cairns, Stephen D.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="48AF253360124351876322D60F9042D6">Research Zoologist Emeritus, Department of Invertebrate Zoology, NHB- 163, P. O. Box 37012, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, 20560, USA.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="362DE3FD80E2B2F3203AC6965CA4931A">Rodriguez-Bermudez, Adriana</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="DACD23E4C59D4AF1451CA8B86CC1E7B2">Graduate Student Fellow, Department of Invertebrate Zoology, NHB- 163, P. O. Box 37012, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, 20560, USA.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:date id="6CA383241F8F1307D7025484D625FFE7">2024</mods:date>
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<paragraph id="8BD4F348FFA7FF912C870783FE07F91E" blockId="1.[151,511,1677,1740]" box="[151,511,1677,1704]" pageId="1" pageNumber="388">
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<heading id="D09C4424FFA7FF912C870783FE07F91E" bold="true" box="[151,511,1677,1704]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="388" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4C6B88CBFFA7FF912C870783FE6BF91E" authorityName="Cairns & Rodriguez-Bermudez" authorityYear="2024" box="[151,403,1677,1704]" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Plumarella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="1" pageNumber="388" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="williamsi" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B91F2F5AFFA7FF912C870783FE6BF91E" bold="true" box="[151,403,1677,1704]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="388">Plumarella williamsi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22C9221FFA7FF912DB20780FE07F91E" box="[418,511,1678,1704]" pageId="1" pageNumber="388" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C371A0C3FFA7FF912C8707BCFE62F97A" box="[151,410,1714,1740]" pageId="1" pageNumber="388" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BD4F348FFA7FF912C8707BCFE62F97A" blockId="1.[151,511,1677,1740]" box="[151,410,1714,1740]" pageId="1" pageNumber="388">
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<figureCitation id="1350EFCDFFA7FF912C8707BCFF02F97A" box="[151,250,1714,1740]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,883,907]" captionTargetBox="[308,1280,414,857]" captionTargetId="figure-156@2.[308,1280,414,857]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. A, holotype of Callogorgia williamsi. B, topotypic specimen of Callogorgia longispina from Japan, USNM 49344. Scale bar = 5 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12733103" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12733103/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="388">Figs. 1A</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="1350EFCDFFA7FF912D1607BCFEB2F97A" box="[262,330,1714,1740]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1585,1609]" captionTargetBox="[223,1364,273,1562]" captionTargetId="figure-76@3.[223,1364,273,1562]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Polyps of holotype of P. williamsi: A, stereo view of branch segment with alternating polyps. B, stereo view of branch segment showing lateral view of two polyps and coenenchymal scales. C, stereo lateral view of a polyp showing outerlateral scales. D, stereo adaxial view of a polyp showing all eight marginals and two infrabasal scales. E, stereo adaxial view of a polyp showing rectangular adaxial marginal scales. F–G, lateral views of a polyp showing sparse thick body wall scales. Scale bars: A = 0.4 mm; B, D, = 0.2 mm; C, E–G = 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12733106" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12733106/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="388">2A–G</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="1350EFCDFFA7FF912D4807BCFE62F97A" box="[344,410,1714,1740]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1965,1989]" captionTargetBox="[235,1353,417,1941]" captionTargetId="figure-142@4.[235,1353,417,1941]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Sclerites of holotype of P. williamsi. A, marginal scales. B, opercular scales. C, body wall scales. D, coenenchymal scales. E, infrabasal scales. All scale bars = 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12733108" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12733108/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="388">3A–E</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C371A0C3FFA7FF912C8707F9FD07F83F" pageId="1" pageNumber="388" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BD4F348FFA7FF912C8707F9FB1DF8B8" blockId="1.[151,1436,1782,1929]" box="[151,1253,1782,1806]" pageId="1" pageNumber="388">
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Not
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<treatmentCitation id="0ACAD559FFA7FF912CD407F8FD60F8B8" author="Kinoshita, K." box="[196,664,1782,1806]" page="15" pageId="1" pageNumber="388" year="1908">
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<taxonomicName id="4C6B88CBFFA7FF912CD407F8FD60F8B8" ID-CoL="4KJ6C" authority="Kinoshita, 1908: 14 - 15" authorityName="Kinoshita" authorityPageNumber="14 - 15" authorityYear="1908" box="[196,664,1782,1806]" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Plumarella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="1" pageNumber="388" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="longispina">
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<emphasis id="B91F2F5AFFA7FF912CD407F8FE5EF8B8" box="[196,422,1782,1806]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="388">Plumarella longispina</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFFA8EB9FFA7FF912DBC07F8FD60F8B8" author="Kinoshita, K." box="[428,664,1782,1806]" pageId="1" pageNumber="388" pagination="1 - 74" refId="ref5222" refString="Kinoshita, K. (1908) Primnoidae from Japan. In: Journal of the College of Science. 23 (12). Imperial University, Tokyo, pp. 1 - 74." type="book chapter" year="1908">Kinoshita, 1908: 14–15</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitation>
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.—
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||
<treatmentCitation id="0ACAD559FFA7FF912EA607F8FC34F8B8" author="Kukenthal, W." box="[694,972,1782,1806]" page="349" pageId="1" pageNumber="388" year="1919">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFFA8EB9FFA7FF912EA607F8FC34F8B8" author="Kukenthal, W." box="[694,972,1782,1806]" pageId="1" pageNumber="388" pagination="1 - 946" refId="ref5258" refString="Kukenthal, W. (1919) Gorgonaria. Ergebnisse der deutschen Tiefsee-Expedition auf dem Dampfer " Valdivia ", 1898 - 1899 Wissenschaftliche, 13 (2), 1 - 946." type="journal article" year="1919">Kükenthal, 1919: 349–350</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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;
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||
<treatmentCitation id="0ACAD559FFA7FF912FC707F8FBC5F8B8" author="Kukenthal, W." box="[983,1085,1782,1806]" page="255" pageId="1" pageNumber="388" year="1924">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFFA8EB9FFA7FF912FC707F8FBC5F8B8" author="Kukenthal, W." box="[983,1085,1782,1806]" pageId="1" pageNumber="388" refId="ref5292" refString="Kukenthal, W. (1924) Coelenterata: Gorgonaria. Das Tierreich 47. Walter de Gruyter & Co, Berlin, 478 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.1515 / 9783111569642" type="book" year="1924">1924: 255</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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||
(key), 260–261.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BD4F348FFA7FF912C87061BFBF4F8DC" blockId="1.[151,1436,1782,1929]" pageId="1" pageNumber="388">
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<taxonomicName id="4C6B88CBFFA7FF912C87061BFE84F89B" ID-CoL="4KJ6C" authorityName="Kinoshita" authorityYear="1908" box="[151,380,1813,1837]" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Plumarella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="1" pageNumber="388" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="longispina">
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<emphasis id="B91F2F5AFFA7FF912C87061BFE84F89B" box="[151,380,1813,1837]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="388">Plumarella longispina</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
:
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||
<treatmentCitation id="0ACAD559FFA7FF912D9C061BFDABF89B" author="Nutting, C. C." box="[396,595,1813,1837]" page="716" pageId="1" pageNumber="388" year="1909">
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFA8EB9FFA7FF912D9C061BFDABF89B" author="Nutting, C. C." box="[396,595,1813,1837]" pageId="1" pageNumber="388" pagination="681 - 727" refId="ref5538" refString="Nutting, C. C. (1909) Alcyonaria of the Californian coast. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 35, 681 - 727. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 49591" type="journal article" year="1909">Nutting, 1909: 716</bibRefCitation>
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
, pl. 88, figs. 1–2, pl. 90, fig. 3.—
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0ACAD559FFA7FF912FA5061BFB11F89B" author="Etnoyer, P. J. & Morgan, L. E." box="[949,1257,1813,1837]" page="22" pageId="1" pageNumber="388" year="2003">
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFA8EB9FFA7FF912FA5061BFB11F89B" author="Etnoyer, P. J. & Morgan, L. E." box="[949,1257,1813,1837]" pageId="1" pageNumber="388" refId="ref5024" refString="Etnoyer, P. J. & Morgan, L. E. (2003) Occurrences of habitat-forming deep-sea corals in the northeast Pacific Ocean. A report to NOAA's Office of Habitat Conservation. NOAA Office Habitat Protection, Silver Spring, Maryland, 30 pp." type="book" year="2003">Etnoyer & Morgan, 2003: 22</bibRefCitation>
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||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
(listed).—?
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFA8EB9FFA7FF912971061BFA64F89B" author="Wing, B. L. & Barnard, D. R." box="[1377,1436,1813,1837]" pageId="1" pageNumber="388" pagination="1 - 67" refId="ref5977" refString="Wing, B. L. & Barnard, D. R. (2004) A Field Guide to Alaskan Corals. NOAA Technical Memorandum, NMFS-AFSC, 146, 1 - 67." type="journal article" year="2004">Wing</bibRefCitation>
|
||
& Barnard, 2004: 24.—
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFA8EB9FFA7FF912DAE063AFD80F8FD" author="Cairns, S. D." box="[446,632,1843,1868]" pageId="1" pageNumber="388" pagination="511 - 541" refId="ref4637" refString="Cairns, S. D. (2007) Calcaxonian Octocorals (Cnidaria: Anthozoa) from the Eastern Pacific seamounts. Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences, 58 (25), 511 - 541." type="journal article" year="2007">Cairns, 2007: 512</bibRefCitation>
|
||
(in part: listing from
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49AF3DAAFFA7FF912F4D063AFC3EF8FA" box="[861,966,1844,1868]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="1" pageNumber="388">California</collectingRegion>
|
||
).—
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFA8EB9FFA7FF912FFA063AFAD4F8FD" author="Whitmire, C. E. & Clarke, M. E." box="[1002,1324,1843,1868]" pageId="1" pageNumber="388" pagination="109 - 154" refId="ref5798" refString="Whitmire, C. E. & Clarke, M. E. (2007) State of deep coral ecosystems of the U. S. Pacific coast: California to Washington. In: Lumsden, S. E., Hourigan, T. F., Bruckner, A. W. & Dorr, G. (Eds.), The State of Deep Coral Ecosystems of the United States: 2007. CRCP- 3, Silver Spring, Maryland, pp. 109 - 154." type="book chapter" year="2007">Whitmire & Clarke, 2007: 152</bibRefCitation>
|
||
(listed).—
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFA8EB9FFA7FF912CD7065CFE43F8DC" author="Whitmire, C. E. & Clarke, M. E. & Yoklavich, M. M. & Everett, M. E. & Hourigan, T. F. & Cairns, S. D." box="[199,443,1874,1898]" pageId="1" pageNumber="388" refId="ref5891" refString="Whitmire, C. E., Clarke, M. E., Yoklavich, M. M., Everett, M. E., Hourigan, T. F. & Cairns, S. D. (2017) Deep-Sea Coral Taxa in the U. S. West Coast Region: Depth and Geographic Distribution. Available from: https: // deepseacoraldata. noaa. gov / library / 2017 - state-of-deep-sea-corals-report / (accessed 26 May 2024)" type="url" year="2017">
|
||
Whitmire
|
||
<emphasis id="B91F2F5AFFA7FF912D3F065DFE9AF8DC" box="[303,354,1874,1898]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="388">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2017: 5
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
(listed).—
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFA8EB9FFA7FF912E37065CFCDBF8DC" author="Horvath, E. A." box="[551,803,1874,1898]" pageId="1" pageNumber="388" pagination="183 - 306" refId="ref5119" refString="Horvath, E. A. (2019) A review of gorgonian coral species (Cnidaria, Octocorallia, Alcyonacea) held in the Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History research collections: focus on species from Scleraxonia, Holaxonia, Calcaxonia - Part III: Suborder Holaxonia continued, and suborder Calcaxonia. ZooKeys, 860, 183 - 306. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 860.34317" type="journal article" year="2019">Horvath, 2019: 256–260</bibRefCitation>
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||
, 303–305, figs. 39–40.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD4F348FFA7FF912C87067FFD07F83F" blockId="1.[151,1436,1782,1929]" box="[151,767,1905,1929]" pageId="1" pageNumber="388">
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<taxonomicName id="4C6B88CBFFA7FF912C87067FFDFAF83F" authorityName="Kinoshita" authorityYear="1908" box="[151,514,1905,1929]" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Plumarella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="1" pageNumber="388" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="longispina" subGenus="Plumarella">
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||
<emphasis id="B91F2F5AFFA7FF912C87067FFDFAF83F" box="[151,514,1905,1929]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="388">Plumarella (Plumarella) longispina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFA8EB9FFA7FF912E1F067FFD52F83F" author="Cairns, S. D." box="[527,682,1905,1929]" pageId="1" pageNumber="388" pagination="1 - 55" refId="ref4676" refString="Cairns, S. D. (2011) A revision of the Primnoidae (Octocorallia: Alcyonacea) from the Aleutian Islands and Bering Sea. Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, 634, 1 - 55. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00810282.634" type="journal article" year="2011">Cairns, 2011: 8</bibRefCitation>
|
||
(listed).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
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|
||
<paragraph id="8BD4F348FFA7FF922C8706B9FB1AFE3F" blockId="1.[151,1437,1975,2038]" lastBlockId="2.[151,1436,150,393]" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="389" pageId="1" pageNumber="388">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91F2F5AFFA7FF912C8706B9FE86F867" bold="true" box="[151,382,1975,2001]" pageId="1" pageNumber="388">Material Examined</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B03F915FFA7FF912D9C06B9FA61F864" box="[396,1433,1975,2002]" collectionCode="USNM" collectorName="Albatross" pageId="1" pageNumber="388" specimenCode="USNM 49591" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54D04DEAFFA7FF912D9C06B9FE01F867" box="[396,505,1975,2001]" pageId="1" pageNumber="388" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
:
|
||
<emphasis id="B91F2F5AFFA7FF912E1206B9FD94F867" box="[514,620,1975,2001]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="388">
|
||
<collectorName id="269E969EFFA7FF912E1206B9FD94F867" box="[514,620,1975,2001]" pageId="1" pageNumber="388">Albatross</collectorName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
3664, dry colony and SEM stubs 2841, 2844, 2848–2849,
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBCD5B33FFA7FF9128E806B9FA61F864" box="[1272,1433,1975,2002]" collectionCode="USNM" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="1" pageNumber="388" type="Museum">USNM 49591</specimenCode>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B03F915FFA7FF922C8706D2FC61FF07" collectingDate="1890-09-25" collectionCode="USNM" collectorName="Albatross" elevation="437" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="389" location="Santa Catalina Island" municipality="Albatross" pageId="1" pageNumber="388" specimenCode="USNM 49585" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54D04DEAFFA7FF912C8706D2FEF0F840" box="[151,264,2012,2038]" pageId="1" pageNumber="388" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
:
|
||
<emphasis id="B91F2F5AFFA7FF912D0606D5FE78F843" box="[278,384,2011,2037]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="388">
|
||
<collectorName id="269E969EFFA7FF912D0606D5FE78F843" box="[278,384,2011,2037]" pageId="1" pageNumber="388">Albatross</collectorName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
3349, 38˚57’45”N, 124˚03’05”W (off
|
||
<location id="8EB4A593FFA7FF912F5406D5FBC5F843" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C2425EFFA7FF952C870783FBF5FE43:8EB4A593FFA7FF912F5406D5FBC5F843" box="[836,1085,2011,2037]" municipality="Albatross" name="Santa Catalina Island" pageId="1" pageNumber="388">Santa Catalina Island</location>
|
||
),
|
||
<quantity id="4C935EADFFA7FF91284206D5FB66F840" box="[1106,1182,2011,2038]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.37" pageId="1" pageNumber="388" unit="m" value="437.0">
|
||
<elevation id="0046147BFFA7FF91284206D5FB66F840" box="[1106,1182,2011,2038]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.37" pageId="1" pageNumber="388" unit="m" value="437.0">437 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FFD5D588FFA7FF9128BD06D5FAA9F843" box="[1197,1361,2011,2038]" pageId="1" pageNumber="388" value="1890-09-25">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EF912C60FFA7FF9128BD06D5FAA9F843" box="[1197,1361,2011,2038]" pageId="1" pageNumber="388" value="1890-09-25">25 Sept. 1890</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
, 2 dry colonies, 3 colonies in alcohol, and SEM stub 2842,
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBCD5B33FFA4FF922EE50199FC61FF07" box="[757,921,150,177]" collectionCode="USNM" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="2" pageNumber="389" type="Museum">USNM 49585</specimenCode>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B03F915FFA4FF922FB50199FE7EFF63" collectionCode="USNM" collectorName="Albatross" location="Albatross" pageId="2" pageNumber="389" specimenCode="USNM 1665990" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91F2F5AFFA4FF922FB50199FBF7FF07" box="[933,1039,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="389">
|
||
<collectorName id="269E969EFFA4FF922FB50199FBF7FF07" box="[933,1039,151,177]" pageId="2" pageNumber="389">Albatross</collectorName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
3664, see type locality, 2 colonies dry,
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBCD5B33FFA4FF922CD801B5FE7EFF63" box="[200,390,186,213]" collectionCode="USNM" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="2" pageNumber="389" type="Museum">USNM 1665990</specimenCode>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B03F915FFA4FF922D8001B5FC90FF4F" collectingDate="1904-03-15" collectionCode="USNM" collectorName="Albatross" county="Albatross" elevation="349" location="San Diego" municipality="Point Loma" pageId="2" pageNumber="389" specimenCode="USNM 25429" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91F2F5AFFA4FF922D8001B5FE02FF63" box="[400,506,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="389">
|
||
<collectorName id="269E969EFFA4FF922D8001B5FE02FF63" box="[400,506,187,213]" pageId="2" pageNumber="389">Albatross</collectorName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
4359, 32˚N, 117˚W (off
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BB06932FFA4FF922F0001B5FC6EFF63" box="[784,918,187,213]" pageId="2" pageNumber="389">Point Loma</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="8EB4A593FFA4FF922FB101B5FBE2FF63" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C2425EFFA7FF952C870783FBF5FE43:8EB4A593FFA4FF922FB101B5FBE2FF63" box="[929,1050,187,213]" county="Albatross" municipality="Point Loma" name="San Diego" pageId="2" pageNumber="389">San Diego</location>
|
||
),
|
||
<quantity id="4C935EADFFA4FF92283D01B5FB8DFF63" box="[1069,1141,187,213]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.4899999999999998" pageId="2" pageNumber="389" unit="m" value="349.0">
|
||
<elevation id="0046147BFFA4FF92283D01B5FB8DFF63" box="[1069,1141,187,213]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.4899999999999998" pageId="2" pageNumber="389" unit="m" value="349.0">349 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FFD5D588FFA4FF92289101B4FAEBFF63" box="[1153,1299,186,213]" pageId="2" pageNumber="389" value="1904-03-15">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EF912C60FFA4FF92289101B4FAEBFF63" box="[1153,1299,186,213]" pageId="2" pageNumber="389" value="1904-03-15">15 Mar 1904</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D6D38C1FFA4FF92290E01B5FA64FF63" box="[1310,1436,187,213]" count="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="389" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
|
||
in alcohol,
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBCD5B33FFA4FF922D0601D1FE4CFF4F" box="[278,436,222,249]" collectionCode="USNM" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="2" pageNumber="389" type="Museum">USNM 25429</specimenCode>
|
||
(specimen reported by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFA8EB9FFA4FF922ED001D1FC98FF4F" author="Nutting, C. C." box="[704,864,223,249]" pageId="2" pageNumber="389" pagination="681 - 727" refId="ref5538" refString="Nutting, C. C. (1909) Alcyonaria of the Californian coast. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 35, 681 - 727. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 49591" type="journal article" year="1909">Nutting, 1909</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B03F915FFA4FF922F6501D1FA60FEAB" collectingDate="2006-05-28" collectionCode="USNM" collectorName="Ropos" elevation="282" location="Cape Flattery" municipality="Ropos" pageId="2" pageNumber="389" specimenCode="USNM 1117119, USNM 1117110" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Washington" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91F2F5AFFA4FF922F6501D1FC43FF4E" box="[885,955,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="389">
|
||
<collectorName id="269E969EFFA4FF922F6501D1FC43FF4E" box="[885,955,223,248]" pageId="2" pageNumber="389">Ropos</collectorName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
955-82, 48˚15’40”N, 125˚00’49”W (
|
||
<location id="8EB4A593FFA4FF92297101D1FF17FEAB" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C2425EFFA7FF952C870783FBF5FE43:8EB4A593FFA4FF92297101D1FF17FEAB" municipality="Ropos" name="Cape Flattery" pageId="2" pageNumber="389" stateProvince="Washington">Cape Flattery</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49AF3DAAFFA4FF922CEA000DFE7CFEAB" box="[250,388,259,285]" country="United States of America" name="Washington" pageId="2" pageNumber="389">Washington</collectingRegion>
|
||
),
|
||
<quantity id="4C935EADFFA4FF922D87000DFE18FEAB" box="[407,480,259,285]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.82" pageId="2" pageNumber="389" unit="m" value="282.0">
|
||
<elevation id="0046147BFFA4FF922D87000DFE18FEAB" box="[407,480,259,285]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.82" pageId="2" pageNumber="389" unit="m" value="282.0">282 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FFD5D588FFA4FF922DFC000DFD7CFEAB" box="[492,644,259,285]" pageId="2" pageNumber="389" value="2006-05-28">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EF912C60FFA4FF922DFC000DFD7CFEAB" box="[492,644,259,285]" pageId="2" pageNumber="389" value="2006-05-28">28 May 2006</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
, 1 dry colony (
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBCD5B33FFA4FF922F3E000DFC1FFEAB" box="[814,999,259,285]" collectionCode="USNM" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="2" pageNumber="389" type="Museum">USNM 1117119</specimenCode>
|
||
) and one in alcohol (
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBCD5B33FFA4FF9228C4000DFA68FEAB" box="[1236,1424,259,285]" collectionCode="USNM" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="2" pageNumber="389" type="Museum">USNM 1117110</specimenCode>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B03F915FFA4FF922C870029FEA8FED3" collectingDate="2006-05-28" collectionCode="USNM" collectorName="Ropos" elevation="198" location="Cape Flattery" municipality="Ropos" pageId="2" pageNumber="389" specimenCode="USNM 1117115" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Washington" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91F2F5AFFA4FF922C870029FF25FEF6" box="[151,221,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="389">
|
||
<collectorName id="269E969EFFA4FF922C870029FF25FEF6" box="[151,221,295,320]" pageId="2" pageNumber="389">Ropos</collectorName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
955-75, 48˚15’34”N, 125˚00’26’W (
|
||
<location id="8EB4A593FFA4FF922E6F0029FCE2FEF7" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C2425EFFA7FF952C870783FBF5FE43:8EB4A593FFA4FF922E6F0029FCE2FEF7" box="[639,794,295,321]" municipality="Ropos" name="Cape Flattery" pageId="2" pageNumber="389" stateProvince="Washington">Cape Flattery</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49AF3DAAFFA4FF922F350029FC57FEF7" box="[805,943,295,321]" country="United States of America" name="Washington" pageId="2" pageNumber="389">Washington</collectingRegion>
|
||
),
|
||
<quantity id="4C935EADFFA4FF922FD20029FBF4FEF7" box="[962,1036,295,321]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.98" pageId="2" pageNumber="389" unit="m" value="198.0">
|
||
<elevation id="0046147BFFA4FF922FD20029FBF4FEF7" box="[962,1036,295,321]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.98" pageId="2" pageNumber="389" unit="m" value="198.0">198 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FFD5D588FFA4FF9228080029FB49FEF7" box="[1048,1201,295,321]" pageId="2" pageNumber="389" value="2006-05-28">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EF912C60FFA4FF9228080029FB49FEF7" box="[1048,1201,295,321]" pageId="2" pageNumber="389" value="2006-05-28">28 May 2006</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
, 1 colony in alcohol,
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBCD5B33FFA4FF922C870045FEA8FED3" box="[151,336,330,357]" collectionCode="USNM" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="2" pageNumber="389" type="Museum">USNM 1117115</specimenCode>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B03F915FFA4FF922D490045FB3FFED3" box="[345,1223,330,357]" collectingDate="1925-07-09" collectionCode="USNM" elevation="731" location="Monterey Bay" pageId="2" pageNumber="389" specimenCode="USNM 77285" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="California" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
off
|
||
<location id="8EB4A593FFA4FF922D6E0045FDE6FED3" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C2425EFFA7FF952C870783FBF5FE43:8EB4A593FFA4FF922D6E0045FDE6FED3" box="[382,542,331,357]" name="Monterey Bay" pageId="2" pageNumber="389" stateProvince="California">Monterey Bay</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49AF3DAAFFA4FF922E370045FD63FED3" box="[551,667,331,357]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="2" pageNumber="389">California</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="4C935EADFFA4FF922EB50045FD14FED3" box="[677,748,331,357]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.31" pageId="2" pageNumber="389" unit="m" value="731.0">
|
||
<elevation id="0046147BFFA4FF922EB50045FD14FED3" box="[677,748,331,357]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.31" pageId="2" pageNumber="389" unit="m" value="731.0">731 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FFD5D588FFA4FF922EE50045FC8FFED3" box="[757,887,330,357]" pageId="2" pageNumber="389" value="1925-07-09">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EF912C60FFA4FF922EE50045FC8FFED3" box="[757,887,330,357]" pageId="2" pageNumber="389" value="1925-07-09">9 July 1925</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
, 2 dry colonies,
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBCD5B33FFA4FF9228370045FB3FFED3" box="[1063,1223,330,357]" collectionCode="USNM" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="2" pageNumber="389" type="Museum">USNM 77285</specimenCode>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B03F915FFA4FF9228C00045FB26FE3F" collectingDate="1974-01-31" collectionCode="USNM" elevation="169" location="Santa Catalina" pageId="2" pageNumber="389" specimenCode="USNM 73755" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="California" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
off
|
||
<location id="8EB4A593FFA4FF9228E50045FA60FED3" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C2425EFFA7FF952C870783FBF5FE43:8EB4A593FFA4FF9228E50045FA60FED3" box="[1269,1432,331,357]" name="Santa Catalina" pageId="2" pageNumber="389" stateProvince="California">Santa Catalina</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49AF3DAAFFA4FF922C870061FEF1FE3F" box="[151,265,367,393]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="2" pageNumber="389">California</collectingRegion>
|
||
(topotypic),
|
||
<quantity id="4C935EADFFA4FF922D8A0060FDE3FE3F" box="[410,539,366,393]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.69" metricValueMax="1.83" metricValueMin="1.55" pageId="2" pageNumber="389" unit="m" value="169.0" valueMax="183.0" valueMin="155.0">
|
||
<elevation id="0046147BFFA4FF922D8A0060FDE3FE3F" box="[410,539,366,393]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.69" metricValueMax="1.83" metricValueMin="1.55" pageId="2" pageNumber="389" unit="m" value="169.0" valueMax="183.0" valueMin="155.0">155–183 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FFD5D588FFA4FF922E370061FD49FE3F" box="[551,689,367,393]" pageId="2" pageNumber="389" value="1974-01-31">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EF912C60FFA4FF922E370061FD49FE3F" box="[551,689,367,393]" pageId="2" pageNumber="389" value="1974-01-31">31 Jan 1974</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
, 1 dry colony and SEM stub 2843,
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBCD5B33FFA4FF92282C0061FB26FE3F" box="[1084,1246,366,393]" collectionCode="USNM" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="2" pageNumber="389" type="Museum">USNM 73755</specimenCode>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF14A3C0FFA4FF922C87027DFEB1FC19" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12733103" ID-Zenodo-Dep="12733103" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12733103/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="389" startId="2.[151,250,883,907]" targetBox="[308,1280,414,857]" targetPageId="2" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD4F348FFA4FF922C87027DFEB1FC19" blockId="2.[151,1437,883,943]" pageId="2" pageNumber="389">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91F2F5AFFA4FF922C87027DFED1FC3D" bold="true" box="[151,297,883,907]" pageId="2" pageNumber="389">FIGURE 1. A</emphasis>
|
||
, holotype of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6B88CBFFA4FF922DBE027DFD74FC3D" authorityName="Cairns & Rodriguez-Bermudez" authorityYear="2024" box="[430,652,883,907]" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Callogorgia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="2" pageNumber="389" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="williamsi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91F2F5AFFA4FF922DBE027DFD74FC3D" box="[430,652,883,907]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="389">Callogorgia williamsi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B91F2F5AFFA4FF922E88027DFD51FC3D" bold="true" box="[664,681,883,907]" pageId="2" pageNumber="389">B</emphasis>
|
||
, topotypic specimen of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6B88CBFFA4FF922F8A027DFB7DFC3D" authorityName="Kinoshita" authorityYear="1908" box="[922,1157,883,907]" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Callogorgia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="2" pageNumber="389" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="longispina">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91F2F5AFFA4FF922F8A027DFB7DFC3D" box="[922,1157,883,907]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="389">Callogorgia longispina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Japan, USNM 49344. Scale bar = 5 cm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD4F348FFA4FF922CD7050CFE02FBF6" blockId="2.[151,1437,1025,2024]" pageId="2" pageNumber="389">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91F2F5AFFA4FF922CD7050CFE92FBAD" bold="true" box="[199,362,1025,1052]" pageId="2" pageNumber="389">Type Locality</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B91F2F5AFFA4FF922D68050FFE1AFBAD" box="[376,482,1025,1051]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="389">Albatross</emphasis>
|
||
3664: 33617’N, 118˚24’W (
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BB06932FFA4FF922F30050FFC4EFBAA" box="[800,950,1025,1052]" pageId="2" pageNumber="389">Dakins Cove</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
, off
|
||
<location id="8EB4A593FFA4FF922FF7050CFB2FFBAD" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C2425EFFA7FF952C870783FBF5FE43:8EB4A593FFA4FF922FF7050CFB2FFBAD" box="[999,1239,1025,1052]" county="Albatross" municipality="Dakins Cove" name="Santa Catalina Island" pageId="2" pageNumber="389" stateProvince="California">Santa Catalina Island</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="8EB4A593FFA4FF9228F2050FFA60FBAD" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C2425EFFA7FF952C870783FBF5FE43:8EB4A593FFA4FF9228F2050FFA60FBAD" box="[1250,1432,1025,1051]" county="Albatross" municipality="Dakins Cove" name="Channel Islands" pageId="2" pageNumber="389" stateProvince="California">Channel Islands</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49AF3DAAFFA4FF922C87052BFEF5FB89" box="[151,269,1061,1087]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="2" pageNumber="389">California</collectingRegion>
|
||
),
|
||
<date id="FFD5D588FFA4FF922D300528FE59FBF6" box="[288,417,1062,1088]" pageId="2" pageNumber="389" value="1897-04-08">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EF912C60FFA4FF922D300528FE59FBF6" box="[288,417,1062,1088]" pageId="2" pageNumber="389" value="1897-04-08">
|
||
8 Apr
|
||
<quantity id="4C935EADFFA4FF922D760528FE0EFBF6" box="[358,502,1061,1088]" metricMagnitude="6" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.897146" pageId="2" pageNumber="389" unit="m" value="1897146.0">
|
||
<quantity id="4C935EADFFA4FF922D760528FE59FBF6" box="[358,417,1062,1088]" metricMagnitude="6" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.897146" pageId="2" pageNumber="389" unit="m" value="1897146.0">1897</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D6D38C1FFA4FF922DBC052BFE02FBF6" box="[428,506,1061,1088]" count="146" pageId="2" pageNumber="389" type="generic">146 m.</specimenCount>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C371A0C3FFA4FF932CD70547FDF0F83B" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="390" pageId="2" pageNumber="389" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD4F348FFA4FF922CD70547FA77FB42" blockId="2.[151,1437,1025,2024]" pageId="2" pageNumber="389">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91F2F5AFFA4FF922CD70547FEA9FBD5" bold="true" box="[199,337,1097,1123]" pageId="2" pageNumber="389">Description</emphasis>
|
||
. Colonies branch in a uniplanar fashion and are often broader than tall. The
|
||
<typeStatus id="54D04DEAFFA4FF9228D70547FAD1FBD5" box="[1223,1321,1097,1123]" pageId="2" pageNumber="389" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="1350EFCDFFA4FF92292A0547FA6BFBD2" box="[1338,1427,1097,1124]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,883,907]" captionTargetBox="[308,1280,414,857]" captionTargetId="figure-156@2.[308,1280,414,857]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. A, holotype of Callogorgia williamsi. B, topotypic specimen of Callogorgia longispina from Japan, USNM 49344. Scale bar = 5 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12733103" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12733103/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="389">Fig. 1A</figureCitation>
|
||
) measures
|
||
<quantity id="4C935EADFFA4FF922D190563FE9DFB3E" box="[265,357,1133,1160]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.35" pageId="2" pageNumber="389" unit="cm" value="13.5">13.5 cm</quantity>
|
||
in height and 17.0 mm in width, but specimens are known up to
|
||
<quantity id="4C935EADFFA4FF9228700560FB50FB3E" box="[1120,1192,1134,1160]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="389" unit="cm" value="40.0">40 cm</quantity>
|
||
in height. Branching occurs in a somewhat irregular alternate-pinnate manner (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1350EFCDFFA4FF922F09059FFC89FB1A" box="[793,881,1169,1196]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,883,907]" captionTargetBox="[308,1280,414,857]" captionTargetId="figure-156@2.[308,1280,414,857]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. A, holotype of Callogorgia williamsi. B, topotypic specimen of Callogorgia longispina from Japan, USNM 49344. Scale bar = 5 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12733103" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12733103/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="389">Fig. 1A</figureCitation>
|
||
), the terminal branchlets not having the regularity of a comb-like structure common to many other species in the genus; terminal branchlets are of different lengths, ranging from
|
||
<quantity id="4C935EADFFA4FF922D2105D4FE64FB42" box="[305,412,1242,1268]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="0.8" pageId="2" pageNumber="389" unit="mm" value="14.0" valueMax="20.0" valueMin="8.0">8–20 mm</quantity>
|
||
in length. When alive the colony is grey-brown (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFA8EB9FFA4FF922FD205D7FB98FB42" author="Nutting, C. C." box="[962,1120,1241,1268]" pageId="2" pageNumber="389" pagination="681 - 727" refId="ref5538" refString="Nutting, C. C. (1909) Alcyonaria of the Californian coast. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 35, 681 - 727. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 49591" type="journal article" year="1909">Nutting, 1909</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) or white (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFA8EB9FFA4FF9228CA05D7FA7BFB42" author="Horvath, E. A." box="[1242,1411,1241,1268]" pageId="2" pageNumber="389" pagination="183 - 306" refId="ref5119" refString="Horvath, E. A. (2019) A review of gorgonian coral species (Cnidaria, Octocorallia, Alcyonacea) held in the Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History research collections: focus on species from Scleraxonia, Holaxonia, Calcaxonia - Part III: Suborder Holaxonia continued, and suborder Calcaxonia. ZooKeys, 860, 183 - 306. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 860.34317" type="journal article" year="2019">Horvath, 2019</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD4F348FFA4FF922CD705F3FCFCFA35" blockId="2.[151,1437,1025,2024]" pageId="2" pageNumber="389">
|
||
Polyps are densely arranged (
|
||
<emphasis id="B91F2F5AFFA4FF922E1905F0FDDDFAA1" box="[521,549,1278,1303]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="389">i.e</emphasis>
|
||
., 14–16 polyps per cm) in an alternating arrangement (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1350EFCDFFA4FF92286A05F3FB29FAAE" box="[1146,1233,1277,1304]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1585,1609]" captionTargetBox="[223,1364,273,1562]" captionTargetId="figure-76@3.[223,1364,273,1562]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Polyps of holotype of P. williamsi: A, stereo view of branch segment with alternating polyps. B, stereo view of branch segment showing lateral view of two polyps and coenenchymal scales. C, stereo lateral view of a polyp showing outerlateral scales. D, stereo adaxial view of a polyp showing all eight marginals and two infrabasal scales. E, stereo adaxial view of a polyp showing rectangular adaxial marginal scales. F–G, lateral views of a polyp showing sparse thick body wall scales. Scale bars: A = 0.4 mm; B, D, = 0.2 mm; C, E–G = 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12733106" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12733106/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="389">Fig. 2A</figureCitation>
|
||
), and occasionally paired, always in the plane of the colony flabellum. The polyps are cylindrical, curved distally, and quite short (almost adnate in disposition,
|
||
<figureCitation id="1350EFCDFFA4FF922DFA044BFDB9FAD6" box="[490,577,1349,1376]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1585,1609]" captionTargetBox="[223,1364,273,1562]" captionTargetId="figure-76@3.[223,1364,273,1562]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Polyps of holotype of P. williamsi: A, stereo view of branch segment with alternating polyps. B, stereo view of branch segment showing lateral view of two polyps and coenenchymal scales. C, stereo lateral view of a polyp showing outerlateral scales. D, stereo adaxial view of a polyp showing all eight marginals and two infrabasal scales. E, stereo adaxial view of a polyp showing rectangular adaxial marginal scales. F–G, lateral views of a polyp showing sparse thick body wall scales. Scale bars: A = 0.4 mm; B, D, = 0.2 mm; C, E–G = 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12733106" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12733106/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="389">Fig. 2B</figureCitation>
|
||
), measuring only
|
||
<quantity id="4C935EADFFA4FF922F1C044BFC48FAD6" box="[780,944,1349,1376]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="389" unit="mm" value="0.65" valueMax="0.8" valueMin="0.5">0.50–0.80 mm</quantity>
|
||
in height (exclusive of the marginal spines, which can extend considerably beyond the operculum).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD4F348FFA4FF932CD70483FD30FF4F" blockId="2.[151,1437,1025,2024]" lastBlockId="3.[151,1436,151,249]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="390" pageId="2" pageNumber="389">
|
||
Each polyp is encased by eight opercular scales distally and a variable number of body wall scales (discussed below). The opercular scales (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1350EFCDFFA4FF922DFA04BFFDB8FA7A" box="[490,576,1457,1484]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1965,1989]" captionTargetBox="[235,1353,417,1941]" captionTargetId="figure-142@4.[235,1353,417,1941]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Sclerites of holotype of P. williamsi. A, marginal scales. B, opercular scales. C, body wall scales. D, coenenchymal scales. E, infrabasal scales. All scale bars = 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12733108" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12733108/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="389">Fig. 3B</figureCitation>
|
||
) are isosceles triangular in shape, with a blunt tip and range from
|
||
<quantity id="4C935EADFFA4FF92293C04BFFF3BFA46" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.75" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="2.5" pageId="2" pageNumber="389" unit="mm" value="0.375" valueMax="0.5" valueMin="0.25">0.25–0.50 mm</quantity>
|
||
in length, the size progressively decreasing from the abaxial to adaxial margin; their outer face is smooth distally and sparsely granular basally; their inner face is tuberculate proximally and smooth distally; they have a L:W of about 2.0. The four pairs of marginal scales (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1350EFCDFFA4FF922EFE0713FCBFF98E" box="[750,839,1565,1592]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1965,1989]" captionTargetBox="[235,1353,417,1941]" captionTargetId="figure-142@4.[235,1353,417,1941]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Sclerites of holotype of P. williamsi. A, marginal scales. B, opercular scales. C, body wall scales. D, coenenchymal scales. E, infrabasal scales. All scale bars = 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12733108" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12733108/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="389">Fig. 3A</figureCitation>
|
||
) are polymorphic in shape and size. The abaxial and outer-lateral pairs of marginals range from 0.7 to 1.0 mm in height and are often broken during collection. Each marginal has a massive rectangular base up to
|
||
<quantity id="4C935EADFFA4FF922EBD076BFCFDF936" box="[685,773,1637,1664]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="389" unit="mm" value="0.6">0.6 mm</quantity>
|
||
in width, which supports an elongate, cylindrical, pointed spine (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1350EFCDFFA4FF922CF40787FE90F912" box="[228,360,1673,1700]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1585,1609]" captionTargetBox="[223,1364,273,1562]" captionTargetId="figure-76@3.[223,1364,273,1562]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Polyps of holotype of P. williamsi: A, stereo view of branch segment with alternating polyps. B, stereo view of branch segment showing lateral view of two polyps and coenenchymal scales. C, stereo lateral view of a polyp showing outerlateral scales. D, stereo adaxial view of a polyp showing all eight marginals and two infrabasal scales. E, stereo adaxial view of a polyp showing rectangular adaxial marginal scales. F–G, lateral views of a polyp showing sparse thick body wall scales. Scale bars: A = 0.4 mm; B, D, = 0.2 mm; C, E–G = 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12733106" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12733106/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="389">Figs. 2B–G</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="1350EFCDFFA4FF922D680784FE63F912" box="[376,411,1674,1700]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1965,1989]" captionTargetBox="[235,1353,417,1941]" captionTargetId="figure-142@4.[235,1353,417,1941]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Sclerites of holotype of P. williamsi. A, marginal scales. B, opercular scales. C, body wall scales. D, coenenchymal scales. E, infrabasal scales. All scale bars = 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12733108" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12733108/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="389">3A</figureCitation>
|
||
) that can be up to
|
||
<quantity id="4C935EADFFA4FF922E660787FD36F912" box="[630,718,1673,1700]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="389" unit="mm" value="0.6">0.6 mm</quantity>
|
||
in length, thus composing 60% of the length of the scale. The inner-lateral pair of marginals (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1350EFCDFFA4FF922DE807A3FDA8F97E" box="[504,592,1709,1736]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1585,1609]" captionTargetBox="[223,1364,273,1562]" captionTargetId="figure-76@3.[223,1364,273,1562]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Polyps of holotype of P. williamsi: A, stereo view of branch segment with alternating polyps. B, stereo view of branch segment showing lateral view of two polyps and coenenchymal scales. C, stereo lateral view of a polyp showing outerlateral scales. D, stereo adaxial view of a polyp showing all eight marginals and two infrabasal scales. E, stereo adaxial view of a polyp showing rectangular adaxial marginal scales. F–G, lateral views of a polyp showing sparse thick body wall scales. Scale bars: A = 0.4 mm; B, D, = 0.2 mm; C, E–G = 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12733106" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12733106/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="389">Fig. 2D</figureCitation>
|
||
) are shorter, only about
|
||
<quantity id="4C935EADFFA4FF922F7507A3FC32F97E" box="[869,970,1709,1736]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" pageId="2" pageNumber="389" unit="mm" value="0.55">0.55 mm</quantity>
|
||
in height, and have a much shorter distal spine. The adaxial pair of marginals (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1350EFCDFFA4FF922E2807DFFD42F95A" box="[568,698,1745,1772]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1585,1609]" captionTargetBox="[223,1364,273,1562]" captionTargetId="figure-76@3.[223,1364,273,1562]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Polyps of holotype of P. williamsi: A, stereo view of branch segment with alternating polyps. B, stereo view of branch segment showing lateral view of two polyps and coenenchymal scales. C, stereo lateral view of a polyp showing outerlateral scales. D, stereo adaxial view of a polyp showing all eight marginals and two infrabasal scales. E, stereo adaxial view of a polyp showing rectangular adaxial marginal scales. F–G, lateral views of a polyp showing sparse thick body wall scales. Scale bars: A = 0.4 mm; B, D, = 0.2 mm; C, E–G = 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12733106" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12733106/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="389">Figs. 2D–E</figureCitation>
|
||
) are small (
|
||
<quantity id="4C935EADFFA4FF922F2D07DCFC5BF95A" box="[829,931,1746,1772]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.3" pageId="2" pageNumber="389" unit="mm" value="0.23">0.23 mm</quantity>
|
||
wide x
|
||
<quantity id="4C935EADFFA4FF922FEC07DCFB98F95A" box="[1020,1120,1746,1772]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7999999999999998" pageId="2" pageNumber="389" unit="mm" value="0.18">0.18 mm</quantity>
|
||
tall), thin, rectangular (non-spinose) scales. The outer faces of all the marginals are smooth. Proximal to the marginal scales are a relatively small number of thick, curved body wall scales (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1350EFCDFFA4FF922EAF0617FCC6F882" box="[703,830,1817,1844]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1585,1609]" captionTargetBox="[223,1364,273,1562]" captionTargetId="figure-76@3.[223,1364,273,1562]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Polyps of holotype of P. williamsi: A, stereo view of branch segment with alternating polyps. B, stereo view of branch segment showing lateral view of two polyps and coenenchymal scales. C, stereo lateral view of a polyp showing outerlateral scales. D, stereo adaxial view of a polyp showing all eight marginals and two infrabasal scales. E, stereo adaxial view of a polyp showing rectangular adaxial marginal scales. F–G, lateral views of a polyp showing sparse thick body wall scales. Scale bars: A = 0.4 mm; B, D, = 0.2 mm; C, E–G = 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12733106" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12733106/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="389">Figs. 2F–G</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="1350EFCDFFA4FF922F5E0614FC88F882" box="[846,880,1818,1844]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1965,1989]" captionTargetBox="[235,1353,417,1941]" captionTargetId="figure-142@4.[235,1353,417,1941]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Sclerites of holotype of P. williamsi. A, marginal scales. B, opercular scales. C, body wall scales. D, coenenchymal scales. E, infrabasal scales. All scale bars = 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12733108" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12733108/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="389">3C</figureCitation>
|
||
), also smooth in surface texture, often somewhat irregular in shape and having a ctenate distal edge. They measure up to
|
||
<quantity id="4C935EADFFA4FF922FD10630FBE0F8EE" box="[961,1048,1854,1880]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="389" unit="mm" value="0.7">0.7 mm</quantity>
|
||
in height and are often wider than tall. In general, there are only 1–2 pairs of abaxial submarginal body wall scales, one pair of outer-laterals, 0–1 pair of inner-laterals, and one more pair of adaxials, resulting in a body wall scale formula of: 2-3: 2: 1-2: 2. Proximal to the lowest body wall scales are two robust, curved, crescentric-shaped scales that resemble infrabasal scales (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1350EFCDFFA4FF92297406A7FF23F85E" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1585,1609]" captionTargetBox="[223,1364,273,1562]" captionTargetId="figure-76@3.[223,1364,273,1562]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Polyps of holotype of P. williamsi: A, stereo view of branch segment with alternating polyps. B, stereo view of branch segment showing lateral view of two polyps and coenenchymal scales. C, stereo lateral view of a polyp showing outerlateral scales. D, stereo adaxial view of a polyp showing all eight marginals and two infrabasal scales. E, stereo adaxial view of a polyp showing rectangular adaxial marginal scales. F–G, lateral views of a polyp showing sparse thick body wall scales. Scale bars: A = 0.4 mm; B, D, = 0.2 mm; C, E–G = 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12733106" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12733106/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="389">Figs. 2D, G</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="1350EFCDFFA4FF922CF906C0FEF4F85E" box="[233,268,1998,2024]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1965,1989]" captionTargetBox="[235,1353,417,1941]" captionTargetId="figure-142@4.[235,1353,417,1941]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Sclerites of holotype of P. williamsi. A, marginal scales. B, opercular scales. C, body wall scales. D, coenenchymal scales. E, infrabasal scales. All scale bars = 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12733108" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12733108/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="389">3E</figureCitation>
|
||
). They form a transition between the lower body wall scales and the coenenchymal scales. Like the body wall scales, the infrabasals also have a smooth outer face, and thus are interpreted as modified body wall scales, but do not contribute to the body wall scale formula because they consist of only two scales per polyp and are not aligned with any specific row of body wall scales.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF14A3C0FFA5FF932C87073FFD44F96F" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12733106" ID-Zenodo-Dep="12733106" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12733106/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="390" startId="3.[151,250,1585,1609]" targetBox="[223,1364,273,1562]" targetPageId="3" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD4F348FFA5FF932C87073FFD44F96F" blockId="3.[151,1436,1585,1754]" pageId="3" pageNumber="390">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91F2F5AFFA5FF932C87073FFEF7F9FF" bold="true" box="[151,271,1585,1609]" pageId="3" pageNumber="390">FIGURE 2</emphasis>
|
||
. Polyps of holotype of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6B88CBFFA5FF932E14073CFD84F9FF" authorityName="Cairns & Rodriguez-Bermudez" authorityYear="2024" box="[516,636,1585,1609]" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Callogorgia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="3" pageNumber="390" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="williamsi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91F2F5AFFA5FF932E14073CFD84F9FF" box="[516,636,1585,1609]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="390">P. williamsi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<emphasis id="B91F2F5AFFA5FF932E9B073FFD65F9FF" bold="true" box="[651,669,1585,1609]" pageId="3" pageNumber="390">A</emphasis>
|
||
, stereo view of branch segment with alternating polyps.
|
||
<emphasis id="B91F2F5AFFA5FF9328FA073FFB03F9FF" bold="true" box="[1258,1275,1585,1609]" pageId="3" pageNumber="390">B</emphasis>
|
||
, stereo view of branch segment showing lateral view of two polyps and coenenchymal scales.
|
||
<emphasis id="B91F2F5AFFA5FF932FA7075BFC31F9DB" bold="true" box="[951,969,1621,1645]" pageId="3" pageNumber="390">C</emphasis>
|
||
, stereo lateral view of a polyp showing outerlateral scales.
|
||
<emphasis id="B91F2F5AFFA5FF932D350777FECFF927" bold="true" box="[293,311,1657,1681]" pageId="3" pageNumber="390">D</emphasis>
|
||
, stereo adaxial view of a polyp showing all eight marginals and two infrabasal scales.
|
||
<emphasis id="B91F2F5AFFA5FF9328B10777FB4AF927" bold="true" box="[1185,1202,1657,1681]" pageId="3" pageNumber="390">E</emphasis>
|
||
, stereo adaxial view of a polyp showing rectangular adaxial marginal scales.
|
||
<emphasis id="B91F2F5AFFA5FF932EA00793FD27F903" bold="true" box="[688,735,1693,1717]" pageId="3" pageNumber="390">F–G</emphasis>
|
||
, lateral views of a polyp showing sparse thick body wall scales. Scale bars: A = 0.4 mm; B, D, = 0.2 mm; C, E–G = 0.1 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD4F348FFA5FF932CD70625FDF0F83B" blockId="3.[151,1437,1835,2041]" pageId="3" pageNumber="390">
|
||
The coenenchymal scales (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1350EFCDFFA5FF932DEC0625FD7BF8F0" box="[508,643,1835,1862]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1585,1609]" captionTargetBox="[223,1364,273,1562]" captionTargetId="figure-76@3.[223,1364,273,1562]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Polyps of holotype of P. williamsi: A, stereo view of branch segment with alternating polyps. B, stereo view of branch segment showing lateral view of two polyps and coenenchymal scales. C, stereo lateral view of a polyp showing outerlateral scales. D, stereo adaxial view of a polyp showing all eight marginals and two infrabasal scales. E, stereo adaxial view of a polyp showing rectangular adaxial marginal scales. F–G, lateral views of a polyp showing sparse thick body wall scales. Scale bars: A = 0.4 mm; B, D, = 0.2 mm; C, E–G = 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12733106" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12733106/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="390">Figs. 2B, G</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="1350EFCDFFA5FF932E830622FD4EF8F0" box="[659,694,1836,1862]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1965,1989]" captionTargetBox="[235,1353,417,1941]" captionTargetId="figure-142@4.[235,1353,417,1941]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Sclerites of holotype of P. williamsi. A, marginal scales. B, opercular scales. C, body wall scales. D, coenenchymal scales. E, infrabasal scales. All scale bars = 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12733108" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12733108/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="390">3D</figureCitation>
|
||
) are usually elongate, thick, and often have an irregular margin. They measure up to
|
||
<quantity id="4C935EADFFA5FF932D900641FE1DF8DC" box="[384,485,1871,1898]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.05" pageId="3" pageNumber="390" unit="mm" value="1.05">1.05 mm</quantity>
|
||
in length, although most are less than
|
||
<quantity id="4C935EADFFA5FF932F8D0641FC0EF8DC" box="[925,1014,1871,1898]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="390" unit="mm" value="0.6">0.6 mm</quantity>
|
||
, and have an L:W of up to 3.4. Their outer faces are sparsely granular.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C371A0C3FFA5FF952CD70696FDDEFEF7" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="392" pageId="3" pageNumber="390" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD4F348FFA5FF942CD70696FC74FE3F" blockId="3.[151,1437,1835,2041]" lastBlockId="4.[151,1437,151,393]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="391" pageId="3" pageNumber="390">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91F2F5AFFA5FF932CD70696FECCF804" bold="true" box="[199,308,1944,1970]" pageId="3" pageNumber="390">Remarks</emphasis>
|
||
. It is not surprising that the east Pacific
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6B88CBFFA5FF932EF80696FC91F807" authorityName="Cairns & Rodriguez-Bermudez" authorityYear="2024" box="[744,873,1943,1969]" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Callogorgia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="3" pageNumber="390" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="williamsi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91F2F5AFFA5FF932EF80696FC91F807" box="[744,873,1943,1969]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="390">P. williamsi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was described by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFA8EB9FFA5FF9328210699FB2FF804" author="Nutting, C. C." box="[1073,1239,1943,1970]" pageId="3" pageNumber="390" pagination="681 - 727" refId="ref5538" refString="Nutting, C. C. (1909) Alcyonaria of the Californian coast. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 35, 681 - 727. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 49591" type="journal article" year="1909">Nutting (1909)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and subsequently by others as the Japanese
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6B88CBFFA5FF932DA506B2FD07F860" authority="Kinoshita, 1908" authorityName="Kinoshita" authorityYear="1908" box="[437,767,1979,2006]" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Callogorgia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="3" pageNumber="390" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="longispina">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91F2F5AFFA5FF932DA506B2FDBEF863" box="[437,582,1979,2005]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="390">P. longispina</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFA8EB9FFA5FF932E5C06B5FD07F860" author="Kinoshita, K." box="[588,767,1979,2006]" pageId="3" pageNumber="390" pagination="1 - 74" refId="ref5222" refString="Kinoshita, K. (1908) Primnoidae from Japan. In: Journal of the College of Science. 23 (12). Imperial University, Tokyo, pp. 1 - 74." type="book chapter" year="1908">Kinoshita, 1908</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="1350EFCDFFA5FF932F1D06B5FC96F860" box="[781,878,1979,2006]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,883,907]" captionTargetBox="[308,1280,414,857]" captionTargetId="figure-156@2.[308,1280,414,857]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. A, holotype of Callogorgia williamsi. B, topotypic specimen of Callogorgia longispina from Japan, USNM 49344. Scale bar = 5 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12733103" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12733103/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="390">Figs. 1B</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="1350EFCDFFA5FF932F6A06B2FC72F860" box="[890,906,1980,2006]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1792,1816]" captionTargetBox="[212,1376,181,1768]" captionTargetId="figure-26@6.[212,1376,181,1768]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. Polyps and sclerites of P. longispina from USNM 49344. A, stereo view of branch segment with alternating polyps. B, stereo lateral view of a polyp showing abaxial marginal spines, outer-lateral and coenenchymal scales. C, stereo lateral view of a polyp showing inner- and outer-lateral body wall scales and coenenchymal scales. D, stereo adaxial view of a polyp showing six marginal spines and two rectangular adaxial marginal scales. E, marginal scales. F, opercular scales. G, body wall scales. H, infrabasal scale. I, coenenchymal scales. Scale bars: A = 0.3 mm; B–G = 0.1 mm; H–I = 0.04 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12733110" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12733110/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="390">4</figureCitation>
|
||
), as they both have: elongate abaxial and outer-lateral marginal spines; similarly shaped, oriented, and sized polyps; and alternate-pinnate branching and polyp placement. Although it may be noted that
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFA8EB9FFA2FF942E7E0199FCCCFF07" author="Kukenthal, W." box="[622,820,151,177]" pageId="4" pageNumber="391" pagination="1 - 946" refId="ref5258" refString="Kukenthal, W. (1919) Gorgonaria. Ergebnisse der deutschen Tiefsee-Expedition auf dem Dampfer " Valdivia ", 1898 - 1899 Wissenschaftliche, 13 (2), 1 - 946." type="journal article" year="1919">Kükenthal (1919)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
included
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFA8EB9FFA2FF942FB30199FBA5FF07" author="Nutting, C. C." box="[931,1117,151,177]" pageId="4" pageNumber="391" pagination="681 - 727" refId="ref5538" refString="Nutting, C. C. (1909) Alcyonaria of the Californian coast. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 35, 681 - 727. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 49591" type="journal article" year="1909">Nutting’s (1909)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
record of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6B88CBFFA2FF9428C10199FA9BFF07" authorityName="Kinoshita" authorityYear="1908" box="[1233,1379,151,177]" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Callogorgia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="4" pageNumber="391" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="longispina">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91F2F5AFFA2FF9428C10199FA9BFF07" box="[1233,1379,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="391">P. longispina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with a question mark, but did not in 1924. Nonetheless,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6B88CBFFA2FF942EDF01B5FCA9FF63" authorityName="Cairns & Rodriguez-Bermudez" authorityYear="2024" box="[719,849,187,213]" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Callogorgia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="4" pageNumber="391" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="williamsi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91F2F5AFFA2FF942EDF01B5FCA9FF63" box="[719,849,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="391">P. williamsi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs primarily in having fewer body wall sclerites in all four body wall positions, as well as lacking auxiliary adaxial scales. Furthermore,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6B88CBFFA2FF94288C01D1FADAFF4F" authorityName="Cairns & Rodriguez-Bermudez" authorityYear="2024" box="[1180,1314,223,249]" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Callogorgia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="4" pageNumber="391" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="williamsi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91F2F5AFFA2FF94288C01D1FADAFF4F" box="[1180,1314,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="391">P. williamsi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has: taller marginal scales and more massive abaxial body wall scales and infrabasal scales; occasionally paired polyps; much larger coenenchymal scales that are less granular; an irregularly pinnate branching structure (not comb-like); and unordered granules on the opercular scales. Indeed, the small number of body wall scales of this species, which can hardly be called rows, distinguishes it from all species in the genus.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF14A3C0FFA2FF942C8706A3FD51F85E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12733108" ID-Zenodo-Dep="12733108" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12733108/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="391" startId="4.[151,250,1965,1989]" targetBox="[235,1353,417,1941]" targetPageId="4" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD4F348FFA2FF942C8706A3FD51F85E" blockId="4.[151,1436,1965,2025]" pageId="4" pageNumber="391">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91F2F5AFFA2FF942C8706A3FEEAF873" bold="true" box="[151,274,1965,1989]" pageId="4" pageNumber="391">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
|
||
Sclerites of holotype of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6B88CBFFA2FF942E1906A0FD86F873" authorityName="Cairns & Rodriguez-Bermudez" authorityYear="2024" box="[521,638,1965,1989]" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Callogorgia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="4" pageNumber="391" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="williamsi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91F2F5AFFA2FF942E1906A0FD86F873" box="[521,638,1965,1989]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="391">P. williamsi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B91F2F5AFFA2FF942E9A06A3FD64F873" bold="true" box="[650,668,1965,1989]" pageId="4" pageNumber="391">A</emphasis>
|
||
, marginal scales.
|
||
<emphasis id="B91F2F5AFFA2FF942F4006A3FC99F873" bold="true" box="[848,865,1965,1989]" pageId="4" pageNumber="391">B</emphasis>
|
||
, opercular scales.
|
||
<emphasis id="B91F2F5AFFA2FF94280B06A3FBD5F873" bold="true" box="[1051,1069,1965,1989]" pageId="4" pageNumber="391">C</emphasis>
|
||
, body wall scales.
|
||
<emphasis id="B91F2F5AFFA2FF9428FC06A3FB06F873" bold="true" box="[1260,1278,1965,1989]" pageId="4" pageNumber="391">D</emphasis>
|
||
, coenenchymal scales.
|
||
<emphasis id="B91F2F5AFFA2FF942CF006DFFF09F85F" bold="true" box="[224,241,2001,2025]" pageId="4" pageNumber="391">E</emphasis>
|
||
, infrabasal scales. All scale bars = 0.1 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD4F348FFA3FF952CD70199FDDEFEF7" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,501]" pageId="5" pageNumber="392">
|
||
Although this species was recently redescribed by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFA8EB9FFA3FF952EE20199FC65FF07" author="Horvath, E. A." box="[754,925,151,177]" pageId="5" pageNumber="392" pagination="183 - 306" refId="ref5119" refString="Horvath, E. A. (2019) A review of gorgonian coral species (Cnidaria, Octocorallia, Alcyonacea) held in the Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History research collections: focus on species from Scleraxonia, Holaxonia, Calcaxonia - Part III: Suborder Holaxonia continued, and suborder Calcaxonia. ZooKeys, 860, 183 - 306. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 860.34317" type="journal article" year="2019">Horvath (2019)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
under the name
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6B88CBFFA3FF9528410199FB18FF07" authorityName="Kinoshita" authorityYear="1908" box="[1105,1248,151,177]" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Callogorgia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="5" pageNumber="392" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="longispina">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91F2F5AFFA3FF9528410199FB18FF07" box="[1105,1248,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="392">P. longispina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, it is nonetheless herein again redescribed based on more extensive SEM observations and a reinterpretation of some of her data. For instance, her figure 40B, labelled body wall scales are probably coenenchymals; figure 40D, labelled marginals, are also coenenchymals; and figure 40H, labelled operculars, are probably submarginals. The scale bar for figure 40E is more likely 200 µm, not 100 µm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C371A0C3FFA3FF952CD70045FC24FE1B" pageId="5" pageNumber="392" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD4F348FFA3FF952CD70045FC24FE1B" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,501]" pageId="5" pageNumber="392">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91F2F5AFFA3FF952CD70045FEB0FED3" bold="true" box="[199,328,331,357]" pageId="5" pageNumber="392">Etymology</emphasis>
|
||
. Named in honor of Gary C. Williams of the California Academy of Sciences, for his productive career in the study of Pennatulacea and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6B88CBFFA3FF952E710061FD1DFE3F" box="[609,741,367,393]" class="Anthozoa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="5" pageNumber="392" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="order">Alcyonacea</taxonomicName>
|
||
from off
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F37CB3D8FFA3FF952F470061FC12FE3F" box="[855,1002,367,393]" name="South Africa" pageId="5" pageNumber="392">South Africa</collectingCountry>
|
||
, the western Pacific and the northeast Pacific, as well as the Atlantic, Antarctic,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F37CB3D8FFA3FF952E7B009DFCFCFE1B" box="[619,772,403,429]" name="New Zealand" pageId="5" pageNumber="392">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and Indian Ocean.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C371A0C3FFA3FF952CDD00B8FBF5FE43" pageId="5" pageNumber="392" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD4F348FFA3FF952CDD00B8FBF5FE43" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,501]" pageId="5" pageNumber="392">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91F2F5AFFA3FF952CDD00B8FEA7FE66" bold="true" box="[205,351,438,464]" pageId="5" pageNumber="392">Distribution</emphasis>
|
||
. From Baja
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49AF3DAAFFA3FF952DF900B9FDA3FE67" box="[489,603,439,465]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="5" pageNumber="392">California</collectingRegion>
|
||
to
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49AF3DAAFFA3FF952E6C00B9FCF9FE67" box="[636,769,439,465]" country="United States of America" name="Washington" pageId="5" pageNumber="392">Washington</collectingRegion>
|
||
(see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFA8EB9FFA3FF952F2B00B9FC24FE67" author="Horvath, E. A." box="[827,988,439,465]" pageId="5" pageNumber="392" pagination="183 - 306" refId="ref5119" refString="Horvath, E. A. (2019) A review of gorgonian coral species (Cnidaria, Octocorallia, Alcyonacea) held in the Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History research collections: focus on species from Scleraxonia, Holaxonia, Calcaxonia - Part III: Suborder Holaxonia continued, and suborder Calcaxonia. ZooKeys, 860, 183 - 306. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 860.34317" type="journal article" year="2019">Horvath, 2019</bibRefCitation>
|
||
for 33 additional localities), although as noted by Horvath, no records are thus far reported from off
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49AF3DAAFFA3FF952F2300D5FC72FE43" box="[819,906,475,501]" country="United States of America" name="Oregon" pageId="5" pageNumber="392">Oregon</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="4C935EADFFA3FF952F8500D4FBF1FE43" box="[917,1033,474,501]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.95" metricValueMax="7.35" metricValueMin="0.55" pageId="5" pageNumber="392" unit="m" value="395.0" valueMax="735.0" valueMin="55.0">
|
||
55–
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D6D38C1FFA3FF952FAF00D4FBF1FE43" box="[959,1033,474,501]" count="735" pageId="5" pageNumber="392" type="generic">735 m</specimenCount>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |