209 lines
18 KiB
XML
209 lines
18 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.845.32428" ID-GBIF-Dataset="3733ef1e-8696-44f1-99d7-d473c509608c" ID-PMC="PMC6531415" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-845-1" ID-PubMed="31148919" ID-ZBK="F05BDFEC4C4A4F2296854AC2655B973D" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2019" ModsDocID="1313-2970-845-1" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 845" ModsDocTitle="Systematic re-structure and new species of Sphaerodoridae (Annelida) after morphological revision and molecular phylogenetic analyses of the North East Atlantic fauna" checkinTime="1557997611963" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Capa, Maria, Nygren, Arne, Parapar, Julio, Bakken, Torkild, Meissner, Karin & Moreira, Juan" docDate="2019" docId="F5C7D1B0A646C0CDC4CEC22B8C7FF77A" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 845: 1-97" docOrigin="ZooKeys 845" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.845.32428" docTitle="Euritmia nordica Capa & Bakken, sp. n." docType="treatment" docUuid="77E0A063-122F-46C9-93CB-E7DDD04DA297" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="28" masterDocId="E3517C1098370D65FFC6FFB27231221C" masterDocTitle="Systematic re-structure and new species of Sphaerodoridae (Annelida) after morphological revision and molecular phylogenetic analyses of the North East Atlantic fauna" masterLastPageNumber="97" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="26" updateTime="1668167250643" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Systematic re-structure and new species of Sphaerodoridae (Annelida) after morphological revision and molecular phylogenetic analyses of the North East Atlantic fauna</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Capa, Maria</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Nygren, Arne</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Parapar, Julio</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Bakken, Torkild</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Meissner, Karin</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Moreira, Juan</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2019</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>845</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:end>97</mods:end>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.845.32428</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.845.32428</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-845-1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZBK">F05BDFEC4C4A4F2296854AC2655B973D</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">F05BDFEC4C4A4F2296854AC2655B973D</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="157167802" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:77E0A063-122F-46C9-93CB-E7DDD04DA297" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/F5C7D1B0A646C0CDC4CEC22B8C7FF77A" lastPageId="27" lastPageNumber="28" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
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<subSubSection pageId="25" pageNumber="26" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
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<taxonomicName LSID="http://zoobank.org/77E0A063-122F-46C9-93CB-E7DDD04DA297" authority="Capa & Bakken" class="Polychaeta" family="Sphaerodoridae" genus="Euritmia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Euritmia nordica" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="nordica">Euritmia nordica Capa & Bakken</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="25" pageNumber="26">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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Figs 4
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<normalizedToken originalValue="I–J">I-J</normalizedToken>
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, 5E, 10
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="25" pageNumber="26" type="type locality">
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<paragraph pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Type locality.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Greenland Sea, off eastern Greenland in Denmark Strait, 321 m.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="25" pageNumber="26" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Material examined.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
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Holotype: SMF 25281, Greenland, Denmark Strait,
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="9" value="67.646164">67°38.77'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="9" value="-26.746334">26°44.78'W</geoCoordinate>
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, 321 m, 14 Sep 2011. Paratype: ZMBN 127261 (1 spec. on SEM stub), Norwegian Sea,
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="63.0372">63°2.232'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="9" value="4.689">4°41.34'E</geoCoordinate>
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, 760 m, 30 Sep 2013.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="26" lastPageNumber="27" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="26" lastPageNumber="27" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
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Body short and ellipsoid, up to 1.5 mm long. Head with short appendages, without spurs or basal papillae; antenniform papillae absent. Dorsum with sessile
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<pageBreakToken pageId="26" pageNumber="27" start="start">spherical</pageBreakToken>
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papillae arranged in three transverse rows, and up to 18, per segment. Ventrum with a pair of papillae near each parapodial bases and two additional longitudinal rows. Parapodia without papillae; digitiform acicular lobe and spherical ventral cirrus. Six or seven simple chaetae with serrated edges, enlarged subdistally, with a distal spine and filament in opposite directions.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="26" pageNumber="27" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Measurements and general morphology. Holotype 0.9 mm long, 0.5 mm wide, with 12 chaetigers. Body ellipsoid, with strongly convex dorsum and flattened ventrum (Fig. 10A). Epithelium with transverse wrinkles, segmentation not noticeable (Fig. 10A, D). Pigmentation absent on preserved material.</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
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<paragraph pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
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Figure 10.
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<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" family="Sphaerodoridae" genus="Euritmia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Euritmia nordica" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="nordica">Euritmia nordica</taxonomicName>
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sp. n., paratype (ZMBN 127261), scanning electron micrographs. A Anterior end, frontal view B anterior end, ventral view C anterior end with head appendages, frontal view D&nbsp;epithelial dorsal papillae, chaetiger 3, detail E dorsal papilla, chaetiger 2 F parapodia, left side, chaetigers 3-5, anterior view G parapodium, left side, chaetiger 1, anterior view (insert: detail of pores ventral to ventral cirrus) H parapodium, left side, chaetiger 2, anterior view I simple chaetae, anterior chaetiger J&nbsp;simple chaetae, anterior chaetiger K simple chaetae, detail of distal spines on blade.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Head. Head fused to first chaetiger (Fig. 10B, C). Prostomial appendages digitate, with a pair of palps, a pair of lateral antennae slightly longer than palps, a median antenna half as long as lateral antennae (Fig. 10B, C). Dorsal antenniform papillae absent or not conspicuous. Few small hemispherical papillae scattered on head surface, ca. 5-6 confined among palps and antennae. Tentacular cirri, digitate, shorter than palps, similar in size and shape to median antenna (Fig. 10C). Eyes not observed.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
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Tubercles. Dorsum with about eight rows of similar sized and ellipsoid papillae, in three irregular transverse rows of per segment (Fig. 10A,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="D–F">D-F</normalizedToken>
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); adding up to ca. 15-18 per segment on mid-body chaetigers (Fig. 4I). Ventrum with fewer spherical papillae, arranged at base of parapodia with two parallel papillae (Fig. 10B, F), and additional two longitudinal rows (10B, C), in total ca. six papillae per segment (Figs 4J, 10B, C). Mid-dorsal body bare of papillae (Fig. 10B).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
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Parapodia. Parapodia conical, as long as wide in all chaetigers (Fig. 10F, H), similar throughout. Acicular lobe digitate longer than ventral cirri; ventral cirri ellipsoid (Fig. 10
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<normalizedToken originalValue="F–H">F-H</normalizedToken>
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). Most segments with no additional papillae or parapodial appendages, exceptionally one or two small parapodial papillae near the base of ventral cirrus (Fig. 5E, 10F).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
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Chaetae. Large, recurved hooks in the first chaetiger absent. All parapodia with 6-7 simple chaetae; blade serrated on cutting edge and a recurved distal tip (Fig. 10C,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="G–K">G-K</normalizedToken>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Pygidium. Pygidium with two small and spherical tubercles and a small digitiform ventral cirrus.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Internal features. A pair of rounded eyes observed under the epithelium, in the head. Muscular pharynx not observed.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Reproductive features. Two large eggs are visible in the coelom of the holotype.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="26" pageNumber="27" type="variation">
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<paragraph pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Variation.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Paratype 1.5 mm long, 0.6 mm wide, with 19 chaetigers (anterior end on SEM stub). Papillae on ventrum in three transverse rows per segment, positioned as two parallel at base of parapodia and one towards mid-body (Fig. 10B). Parapodia are smooth in most chaetigers of both holo- and paratype but variation has been observed, with one parapodium with one small papilla and the following with two papillae, located at the base of the ventral cirrus (Fig. 10F). Sexual structures (unknown gender) observed as inflated ventral cirri with pore openings in first chaetiger in the paratype (Figs 4J, 10G).</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="26" pageNumber="27" type="etymology">
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<paragraph pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Etymology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
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The epithet of this species,
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<taxonomicName lsidName="nordica" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" rank="species" species="nordica">nordica</taxonomicName>
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, refers to the geographical region where this species has currently been found. Nordic or The North gathers the north-western European countries, including Scandinavia and Fennoscandia.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="remarks">
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<paragraph pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="27" pageNumber="28" start="start">Remarks</pageBreakToken>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
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<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" family="Sphaerodoridae" genus="Euritmia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Euritmia nordica" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="nordica">Euritmia nordica</taxonomicName>
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sp. n. is characterized by a unique combination of features: dorsum provided with similar sized, ellipsoid tubercles arranged in three transverse rows per segment, leaving a conspicuous longitudinal bare mid-dorsal area; two longitudinal zig-zag rows of small and ellipsoid papillae on ventrum (with ca. six papillae per segment); parapodia lacking papillae (with some exceptions).
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<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" family="Sphaerodoridae" genus="Euritmia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Euritmia nordica" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="nordica">Euritmia nordica</taxonomicName>
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sp. n. resembles
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<taxonomicName lsidName="E. carolensis" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" rank="species" species="carolensis">E. carolensis</taxonomicName>
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due to the arrangement of dorsal papillae in three transverse rows per segment and the absence of parapodial papillae. Differences between members of these two species rely on size and number of dorsal epithelial papillae, larger and more abundant in
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<taxonomicName lsidName="E. carolensis" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" rank="species" species="carolensis">E. carolensis</taxonomicName>
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(covering most of the dorsum, while in
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<taxonomicName lsidName="E. nordica" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" rank="species" species="nordica">E. nordica</taxonomicName>
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sp. n. the dorsum is mainly smooth); chaetae in
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<taxonomicName lsidName="E. nordica" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" rank="species" species="nordica">E. nordica</taxonomicName>
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sp. n. are broader subdistally and recurved at the distal end, while
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<taxonomicName lsidName="E. carolensis" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" rank="species" species="carolensis">E. carolensis</taxonomicName>
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has a slim appearance and a straighter distal tip. Moreover,
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<taxonomicName lsidName="E. nordica" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" rank="species" species="nordica">E. nordica</taxonomicName>
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sp. n. presents an inflated cirrus in the first chaetiger, with pore openings on its base (Fig. 10G), similar to what was described in
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<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" family="Sphaerodoridae" genus="Sphaerodoropsis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sphaerodoropsis halldori" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="halldori">Sphaerodoropsis halldori</taxonomicName>
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, on chaetiger 6 of males (
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<bibRefCitation author="Moreira, J" journalOrPublisher="Marine Biology Research" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" pagination="584 - 593" title="Two new species of Sphaerodoropsis Hartman & Fauchald, 1971 (Polychaeta: Sphaerodoridae) from Iceland (BIOICE programme)." url="https://doi.org/10.1080/17451000.2011.638929" volume="8" year="2012">Moreira and Parapar 2012</bibRefCitation>
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). This is the first time that potentially sexual structures are described in members of
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<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" family="Sphaerodoridae" genus="Euritmia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Euritmia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">Euritmia</taxonomicName>
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, and therefore it is unknown if the attributes described herein are species specific.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
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<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" family="Sphaerodoridae" genus="Euritmia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Euritmia nordica" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="nordica">Euritmia nordica</taxonomicName>
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sp. n. is distinguished from
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<taxonomicName lsidName="E. bipapillata" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" rank="species" species="bipapillata">E. bipapillata</taxonomicName>
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, described from Alaska, in the absence of parapodial papillae, while
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<taxonomicName lsidName="E. bipapillata" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" rank="species" species="bipapillata">E. bipapillata</taxonomicName>
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has one papilla on anterior surface of parapodia (Kudenov, 1987).
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<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" family="Sphaerodoridae" genus="Euritmia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Euritmia hamulisetosa" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="hamulisetosa">Euritmia hamulisetosa</taxonomicName>
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from southern Spain has dorsal papillae in four transverse rows per segment and parapodial papillae (
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<bibRefCitation author="Sarda-Borroy, R" journalOrPublisher="Zoologica Scripta" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" pagination="47 - 50" title="Sphaerodoridae (Annelida, Polychaeta) from the region of the Gibraltar Strait with description of Euritmiahamulisetosa gen. et sp. n." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1463-6409.1987.tb00051.x" volume="16" year="1987">
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Sardá-Borroy">Sarda-Borroy</normalizedToken>
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1987
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</bibRefCitation>
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), unlike
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<taxonomicName lsidName="E. nordica" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" rank="species" species="nordica">E. nordica</taxonomicName>
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sp. n. with three transverse rows of dorsal papillae and smooth parapodia.
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<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" family="Sphaerodoridae" genus="Euritmia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Euritmia capense" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="capense">Euritmia capense</taxonomicName>
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, from South Africa, bears two transverse rows of papillae per segment and five parapodial papillae (
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<bibRefCitation author="Day, JH" journalOrPublisher="Zoology" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" pagination="383 - 445" title="The Polychaete fauna of South Africa. Part 8: New species and records from grab samples and dredgings. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Ser." url="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.20530" volume="10" year="1963">Day 1963</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="distribution">
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<paragraph pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Distribution.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="27" pageNumber="28">The species is known from Denmark Strait, East of Greenland (holotype), and the Norwegian Sea.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="habitat">
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<paragraph pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Habitat.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
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The specimens were found in soft bottom, in areas influenced with cold water (approximately 0 °C). The paratype was found inside the tube of an undescribed species of
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<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" family="Ampharetidae" genus="Ampharete" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ampharete" order="Terebellida" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">Ampharete</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |