365 lines
28 KiB
XML
365 lines
28 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.870.32903" ID-GBIF-Dataset="2d83e783-f524-41d8-b100-6c01fb65766f" ID-PMC="PMC6692301" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-870-33" ID-Pensoft-UUID="6D17E5E36BEB580297B56873E440C726" ID-PubMed="31419269" ID-ZooBank="64DCA855CCB34DC9A607F614750CAC11" ModsDocID="1313-2970-870-33" checkinTime="1565114938772" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Wu, Min & Liu, Zhengping" docDate="2019" docId="F57CC4A72CA05514A2493F8488905119" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 870: 33-50" docOrigin="ZooKeys 870" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.870.32903" docTitle="Sinoxychilus Wu & Liu, 2019, gen. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="C90C05C0-17A9-4D50-BC87-25688D997E07" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="5" id="6D17E5E36BEB580297B56873E440C726" lastPageNumber="37" masterDocId="6D17E5E36BEB580297B56873E440C726" masterDocTitle="The first proven oxychilid land snail endemic to China (Eupulmonata, Gastrodontoidea)" masterLastPageNumber="50" masterPageNumber="33" pageNumber="35" updateTime="1668167686768" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>The first proven oxychilid land snail endemic to China (Eupulmonata, Gastrodontoidea)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Wu, Min</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Liu, Zhengping</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2019</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>870</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>33</mods:start>
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<mods:end>50</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.870.32903</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.870.32903</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-870-33</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">64DCA855CCB34DC9A607F614750CAC11</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="159021816" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:C90C05C0-17A9-4D50-BC87-25688D997E07" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/F57CC4A72CA05514A2493F8488905119" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="37" pageId="2" pageNumber="35">
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<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="35" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="35">
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<taxonomicName LSID="f57cc4a7-2ca0-5514-a249-3f8488905119" class="Gastropoda" family="Oxychilidae" genus="Sinoxychilus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sinoxychilus" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="2" pageNumber="35" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Sinoxychilus</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="2" pageNumber="35">gen. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="35" type="type species">
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="35">Type species.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="35">
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<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Oxychilidae" genus="Sinoxychilus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sinoxychilus melanoleucus" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="2" pageNumber="35" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="melanoleucus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="35">Sinoxychilus melanoleucus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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gen. nov. and sp. nov.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="36" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="36">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="3" pageNumber="36" start="start">Diagnosis</pageBreakToken>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="36">Protoconch with intercrossing radial wrinkles and spiral grooves. Penis sheath developed, more or less wrapping partial epiphallus. Tubercles of broken longitudinal penial pilasters bearing spinelets. Penial retractor muscle inserting on the top of penial caecum. Neither flagellum nor epiphallic papilla present. Perivaginal gland present on vagina and proximal bursa copulatrix duct.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="36" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="36">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="36">Shell depressed; thin; opaque; of about 4.5 whorls. Umbilicus moderately wide. Protoconch with intercrossing radial wrinkles and spiral grooves. Teleoconch with spiral furrows. Aperture somewhat sinuate at peristome. Aperture toothless, unexpanded.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="36">Sole tripartite. Caudal foss or caudal horn absent. Jaw oxygnathous, with median projection.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="36">Penis sheath present; wrapping partial epiphallus. Penis moderately long and thick; externally simple. Sarcobelum absent. Penial caecum present, having no external demarcation between it and penis. Penial retractor muscle inserting on top of penial caecum. Flagellum absent. Epiphallus thin. Penial caecum internally with transversal ridges near epiphallic pore. Epiphallic papilla absent. Penis internally with developed pilasters. Penial pilasters broken into connected tubercles that each bearing a very short spinelet. Vagina short, internally simple, and without papilla or verge. Perivaginal gland well developed on the surface of vagina and proximal part of bursa copulatrix duct.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="36" type="distribution">
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="36">Distribution.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="36">China (Sichuan, Hunan, Hubei).</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="36" type="etymology">
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="36">Etymology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="36">
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The generic name is a compound of Greek
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<normalizedToken originalValue="“sino”">"sino"</normalizedToken>
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(= China) and
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<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Oxychilidae" genus="Oxychilus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oxychilus" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="3" pageNumber="36" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">Oxychilus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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which is a genus of the family
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<taxonomicName family="Oxychilidae" lsidName="" pageId="3" pageNumber="36" rank="family">Oxychilidae</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="36" type="molecular phylogenetic analyses">
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="36">Molecular phylogenetic analyses.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="36">
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The examined ITS2 sequences are from GenBank and this study. According to
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2699.2000.00403.x" author="Hausdorf, B" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Biogeography" pageId="12" pageNumber="45" pagination="379 - 390" refId="B14" refString="Hausdorf, B, 2000. Biogeography of the Limacoidea sensu lato (Gastropoda: Stylommatophora): vicariance events and long-distance dispersal. . Journal of Biogeography 27: 379 - 390" title="Biogeography of the Limacoidea sensu lato (Gastropoda: Stylommatophora): vicariance events and long-distance dispersal." url="https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2699.2000.00403.x" volume="27" year="2000">Hausdorf (2000)</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<taxonomicName lsidName="Gastrodontoidea" pageId="3" pageNumber="36" rank="superfamily" superfamily="Gastrodontoidea">Gastrodontoidea</taxonomicName>
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is made up of six families, namely
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<taxonomicName family="Pristilomatidae" lsidName="" pageId="3" pageNumber="36" rank="family">Pristilomatidae</taxonomicName>
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Cockerell, 1891,
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<taxonomicName family="Chronidae" lsidName="" pageId="3" pageNumber="36" rank="family">Chronidae</taxonomicName>
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Thiele, 1931,
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<taxonomicName family="Euconulidae" lsidName="" pageId="3" pageNumber="36" rank="family">Euconulidae</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicName genus="H." lsidName="H." pageId="3" pageNumber="36" rank="genus">H.</taxonomicName>
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B. Baker, 1928,
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<taxonomicName family="Trochomorphidae" lsidName="" pageId="3" pageNumber="36" rank="family">Trochomorphidae</taxonomicName>
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Möllendorff">Moellendorff</normalizedToken>
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, 1890,
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<taxonomicName family="Gastrodontidae" lsidName="" pageId="3" pageNumber="36" rank="family">Gastrodontidae</taxonomicName>
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Tryon, 1866, and
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<taxonomicName family="Oxychilidae" lsidName="" pageId="3" pageNumber="36" rank="family">Oxychilidae</taxonomicName>
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. After searching for ITS2 sequences from these six families in NCBI (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/), 21 ITS2 haplotypes of
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<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Euconulidae" genus="Euconulus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Euconulus" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="3" pageNumber="36" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">Euconulus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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spp. (
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<taxonomicName family="Euconulidae" lsidName="" pageId="3" pageNumber="36" rank="family">Euconulidae</taxonomicName>
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),
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<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Oxychilidae" genus="Oxychilus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oxychilus" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="3" pageNumber="36" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">Oxychilus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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spp. (
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<taxonomicName family="Oxychilidae" lsidName="" pageId="3" pageNumber="36" rank="family">Oxychilidae</taxonomicName>
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), and one
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<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Pristilomatidae" genus="Vitrea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Vitrea" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="3" pageNumber="36" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">Vitrea</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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species (
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<taxonomicName family="Pristilomatidae" lsidName="" pageId="3" pageNumber="36" rank="family">Pristilomatidae</taxonomicName>
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) were added to our analyses (Table 1). After eliminating poorly aligned positions and divergent regions of the alignment, a dataset of 25
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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552 bp was used for the subsequent analyses. The "T92 (Tamura 3-parameter) + G" model was chosen as the best nucleotide substitution model because of the lowest AIC score (lnL = −1746.871, AICc = 3594.112). The phylograms produced by the Maximum Likelihood Inference and the Bayesian Inference are topologically identical (
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Maximum likelihood tree based on ITS 2 gene (- ln likelihood = − 1746.99). Ingroups: Euconulus Reinhardt, 1883 (Euconulidae), Vitrea Fitzinger, 1833 (Pristilomatidae), Oxychilus Fitzinger, 1833 (Oxychilidae), and Sinoxychilus gen. nov. (Oxychilidae). This ML tree shares the same topology with the Bayesian Inference tree. Numbers on branches indicate maximum likelihood and Bayesian posterior probabilities." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.870.32903.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/323787" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
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). The obtained phylogenetic inference shows
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<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Oxychilidae" genus="Sinoxychilus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sinoxychilus" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="3" pageNumber="36" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">Sinoxychilus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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gen. nov. forms a sister group with the genus
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<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Oxychilidae" genus="Oxychilus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oxychilus" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="3" pageNumber="36" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">Oxychilus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, and both genera are well embedded in the
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<taxonomicName lsidName="Gastrodontoidea" pageId="3" pageNumber="36" rank="superfamily" superfamily="Gastrodontoidea">Gastrodontoidea</taxonomicName>
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clade (
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Maximum likelihood tree based on ITS 2 gene (- ln likelihood = − 1746.99). Ingroups: Euconulus Reinhardt, 1883 (Euconulidae), Vitrea Fitzinger, 1833 (Pristilomatidae), Oxychilus Fitzinger, 1833 (Oxychilidae), and Sinoxychilus gen. nov. (Oxychilidae). This ML tree shares the same topology with the Bayesian Inference tree. Numbers on branches indicate maximum likelihood and Bayesian posterior probabilities." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.870.32903.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/323787" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<caption ID-Table-UUID="30CD186125C7444C7CB2FA29D2F9F01C" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/30CD186125C7444C7CB2FA29D2F9F01C" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="36">Table 1. The species and ITS2 sequences used for phylogenetic study.</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="36">
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<table pageId="3" pageNumber="36">
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<tr pageId="3" pageNumber="36">
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<td colspan="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="36" rowspan="1">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">Family</emphasis>
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</td>
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<td colspan="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="36" rowspan="1">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">Species</emphasis>
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</td>
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<td colspan="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="36" rowspan="1">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">Genbank Accession No. of ITS2</emphasis>
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr pageId="3" pageNumber="36">
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<td colspan="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="36" rowspan="6">
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<taxonomicName family="Euconulidae" lsidName="" pageId="3" pageNumber="36" rank="family">Euconulidae</taxonomicName>
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</td>
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<td colspan="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="36" rowspan="1">
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<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Euconulidae" genus="Euconulus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Euconulus alderi" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="3" pageNumber="36" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="alderi">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">Euconulus alderi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(J.E. Gray, 1840)
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</td>
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<td colspan="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="36" rowspan="1">MK299689, MK299710</td>
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</tr>
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<tr pageId="3" pageNumber="36">
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<td colspan="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="36" rowspan="1">
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<taxonomicName lsidName="E. chersinus" pageId="3" pageNumber="36" rank="species" species="chersinus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">E. chersinus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(Say, 1821)
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</td>
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<td colspan="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="36" rowspan="1">MK299741</td>
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</tr>
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<tr pageId="3" pageNumber="36">
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<td colspan="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="36" rowspan="1">
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<taxonomicName lsidName="E. dentatus" pageId="3" pageNumber="36" rank="species" species="dentatus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">E. dentatus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(Sterki, 1893)
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</td>
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<td colspan="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="36" rowspan="1">MK299732, MK299739</td>
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</tr>
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<tr pageId="3" pageNumber="36">
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<td colspan="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="36" rowspan="1">
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<taxonomicName lsidName="E. fulvus" pageId="3" pageNumber="36" rank="species" species="fulvus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">E. fulvus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(O.F.
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Müller">Mueller</normalizedToken>
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, 1774)
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</td>
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<td colspan="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="36" rowspan="1">MK299691, MK299693, MK299695, MK299702, MK299723, MK299724, MK299737, MK299738</td>
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</tr>
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<tr pageId="3" pageNumber="36">
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<td colspan="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="36" rowspan="1">
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<taxonomicName lsidName="E. trochulus" pageId="3" pageNumber="36" rank="species" species="trochulus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">E. trochulus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(Reinhardt, 1883)
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</td>
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<td colspan="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="36" rowspan="1">MK299730-31</td>
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</tr>
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<tr pageId="3" pageNumber="36">
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<td colspan="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="36" rowspan="1">
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<taxonomicName lsidName="E. polygyratus" pageId="3" pageNumber="36" rank="species" species="polygyratus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">E. polygyratus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(Pilsbry, 1899)
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</td>
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<td colspan="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="36" rowspan="1">MK299747</td>
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</tr>
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<tr pageId="3" pageNumber="36">
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<td colspan="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="36" rowspan="1">
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<taxonomicName family="Pristilomatidae" lsidName="" pageId="3" pageNumber="36" rank="family">Pristilomatidae</taxonomicName>
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</td>
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<td colspan="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="36" rowspan="1">
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<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Pristilomatidae" genus="Vitrea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Vitrea crystalline" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="3" pageNumber="36" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="crystalline">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">Vitrea crystalline</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(O.F.
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Müller">Mueller</normalizedToken>
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, 1774)
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</td>
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<td colspan="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="36" rowspan="1">AY014113</td>
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</tr>
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<tr pageId="3" pageNumber="36">
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<td colspan="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="36" rowspan="4">
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<taxonomicName family="Oxychilidae" lsidName="" pageId="3" pageNumber="36" rank="family">Oxychilidae</taxonomicName>
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</td>
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<td colspan="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="36" rowspan="1">
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<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Oxychilidae" genus="Oxychilus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oxychilus alliarius" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="3" pageNumber="36" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="alliarius">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">Oxychilus alliarius</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(Miller, 1822)
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</td>
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<td colspan="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="36" rowspan="1">JF837183, AY014114</td>
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</tr>
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<tr pageId="3" pageNumber="36">
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<td colspan="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="36" rowspan="1">
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<taxonomicName lsidName="O. cellarius" pageId="3" pageNumber="36" rank="species" species="cellarius">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">O. cellarius</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(O.F.
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Müller">Mueller</normalizedToken>
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, 1774)
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</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="36" rowspan="1">AY014116</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="3" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="36" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="O. helveticus" pageId="3" pageNumber="36" rank="species" species="helveticus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">O. helveticus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Blum, 1881)
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="36" rowspan="1">AY014115</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="3" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="36" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Oxychilidae" genus="Sinoxychilus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sinoxychilus melanoleucus" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="3" pageNumber="36" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="melanoleucus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">Sinoxychilus melanoleucus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
gen. nov. & sp. nov.
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="36" rowspan="1">MN056416, MN056417</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="3" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="36" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Camaenidae" lsidName="" pageId="3" pageNumber="36" rank="family">Camaenidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Outgroup)
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="36" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Camaenidae" genus="Pseudiberus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pseudiberus liuae" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="3" pageNumber="36" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="liuae">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">Pseudiberus liuae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Wu, 2017
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="36" rowspan="1">MN056414, MN056415</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="37" pageId="3" pageNumber="36" type="taxonomic remarks">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="36">Taxonomic remarks.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="37" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">
|
||
Morphologically, this group belongs to the family
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Oxychilidae" lsidName="" pageId="3" pageNumber="36" rank="family">Oxychilidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
based on the presence of a tripartite sole, oxygnathous jaw, penis sheath, and perivaginal gland and the absence of a caudal horn and sarcobelum, by which
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Oxychilidae" genus="Sinoxychilus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sinoxychilus" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="3" pageNumber="36" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">Sinoxychilus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
gen. nov. can be promptly distinguished from
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Gastrodontidae" lsidName="" pageId="3" pageNumber="36" rank="family">Gastrodontidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Pristilomatidae" lsidName="" pageId="3" pageNumber="36" rank="family">Pristilomatidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the other two families of
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="Gastrodontoidea" pageId="3" pageNumber="36" rank="superfamily" superfamily="Gastrodontoidea">Gastrodontoidea</taxonomicName>
|
||
(sensu
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.4002/040.061.0201" author="Bouchet, P" journalOrPublisher="Malacologia" pageId="12" pageNumber="45" pagination="1 - 526" refId="B3" refString="Bouchet, P, Rocroi, J-P, Hausdorf, B, Kaim, A, Kano, Y, Nuetzel, A, Parkhaev, P, Schroedl, M, Strong, EE, 2017. Revised classification, nomenclator and typification of gastropod and monoplacophoran families. . Malacologia 61: 1 - 526" title="Revised classification, nomenclator and typification of gastropod and monoplacophoran families." url="https://doi.org/10.4002/040.061.0201" volume="61" year="2017">Bouchet et al. 2017</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The new genus and
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Oxychilidae" genus="Oxychilus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oxychilus" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="3" pageNumber="36" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">Oxychilus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have many characteristics in common, such as a developed penial caecum, connection
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="4" pageNumber="37" start="start">of</pageBreakToken>
|
||
some part of epiphallus + vas deferens and distal penis sheath by connective tissue, as in the European
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Oxychilidae" genus="Oxychilus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oxychilus mortilleti" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="4" pageNumber="37" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="mortilleti">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="37">Oxychilus mortilleti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(L. Pfeiffer, 1859) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Manganelli, G" journalOrPublisher="Basteria" pageId="13" pageNumber="46" pagination="123 - 143" refId="B20" refString="Manganelli, G, Giusti, F, 1998. Oxychilusmortilleti (Pfeiffer, 1859): a redescription (Pulmonata, Zonitidae). . Basteria 61: 123 - 143" title="Oxychilusmortilleti (Pfeiffer, 1859): a redescription (Pulmonata, Zonitidae)." volume="61" year="1998">Manganelli and Giusti 1998</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: figs 5, 10, 13, 14) and in the Asian
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Oxychilidae" genus="Araboxychilus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Araboxychilus sabaeus" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="4" pageNumber="37" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="sabaeus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="37">Araboxychilus sabaeus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Martens, 1889) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Colville, B" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Conchology" pageId="12" pageNumber="45" pagination="27 - 34" refId="B5" refString="Colville, B, Riedel, A, 1998. On the systematic position of Araboxychilussabaeus (Gastropoda: Pulmonata) from the South-west of the Arabian Peninsula. . Journal of Conchology 36: 27 - 34" title="On the systematic position of Araboxychilussabaeus (Gastropoda: Pulmonata) from the South-west of the Arabian Peninsula." volume="36" year="1998">Colville and Riedel 1998</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: fig. 7). However,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Oxychilidae" genus="Sinoxychilus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sinoxychilus" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="4" pageNumber="37" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="37">Sinoxychilus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
gen. nov. differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Oxychilidae" genus="Oxychilus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oxychilus" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="4" pageNumber="37" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="37">Oxychilus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in having an opaque shell with a delicately sculptured protoconch, and in bearing short spinelets on the penial pilasters. The new genus also shows an unusual shell shape, which differs from shells of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Ariophantidae" genus="Ariophanta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ariophanta" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="4" pageNumber="37" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="37">Ariophanta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Desmoulins, 1829 and some other oxychiline genera (
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Scatter plot of canonical variate 1 against canonical variate 2 (yielded by canonical variate analysis), showing morphological relationship among Sinoxychilus melanoleucus gen. nov. and sp. nov. (red dots), Zonites scrobiculatus scrobiculatus Gredler, 1885 and Zonites scrobiculatus hupeina Gredler, 1887 (light blue dots), Indian Ariophanta spp. (Raheem et al. 2014) (dark blue dots) and oxychiline spp. (Sysoev and Schileyko 2009) (orange dots). A diagram showing design of landmarks (numbered) and semi-landmarks (not numbered) is provided." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.870.32903.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/323786" pageId="4" pageNumber="37">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="37">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Zonitidae" genus="Zonites" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Zonites scrobiculatus" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="4" pageNumber="37" phylum="Mollusca" rank="subspecies" species="scrobiculatus" subspecies="scrobiculatus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="37">Zonites scrobiculatus scrobiculatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Gredler, 1885 and
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="Z. scrobiculatus" pageId="4" pageNumber="37" rank="subspecies" species="scrobiculatus" subspecies="hupeina">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="37">Z. scrobiculatus hupeina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Gredler, 1887 are included in the new genus although they are only known conchologically (see Taxonomic remarks below).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="37">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Oxychilidae" genus="Riedeliconcha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Riedeliconcha" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="4" pageNumber="37" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="37">Riedeliconcha</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Schileyko, 2003 and
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Oxychilidae" genus="Vitrinoxychilus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Vitrinoxychilus" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="4" pageNumber="37" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="37">Vitrinoxychilus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Riedel, 1963 are two oxychilid genera which also have spines on the penis inner wall. The new genus differs from them in possessing well-developed penial caecum, penis sheath, and epiphallus, a long bursa copulatrix, and conchologically, an opaque shells with a sculptured protoconch.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |