treatments-xml/data/E3/36/40/E33640CA6EBD2F7C46C87FE0DC3CF85F.xml
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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.111.26856" ID-GBIF-Dataset="34fe50e1-98ff-4a77-9e48-40e58fe03e1a" ID-PMC="PMC6246732" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2003-111-31" ID-Pensoft-UUID="FF91FFF1FFEDFFA5741A3368FFE6B24D" ID-PubMed="30483031" ID-Zenodo-Dep="1492972" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2018" ModsDocID="1314-2003-111-31" ModsDocOrigin="PhytoKeys " ModsDocTitle="Splitting Echinocactus: morphological and molecular evidence support the recognition of Homalocephala as a distinct genus in the Cacteae" checkinTime="1553125343294" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Vargas-Luna, Mario Daniel, Hernandez-Ledesma, Patricia, Majure, Lucas Charles, uente-Martinez, Raul, cias, Hector Manuel Hernandez M &amp; una, Rolando Tenoch Barcenas" docDate="2018" docId="E33640CA6EBD2F7C46C87FE0DC3CF85F" docLanguage="en" docName="PhytoKeys 111: 31-59" docOrigin="PhytoKeys 111" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.111.26856" docTitle="Homalocephala polycephala subsp. xeranthemoides subsp. xeranthemoides (J. M. Coult.) Vargas &amp; Barcenas 2018, comb. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="6" id="FF91FFF1FFEDFFA5741A3368FFE6B24D" lastPageNumber="48" masterDocId="FF91FFF1FFEDFFA5741A3368FFE6B24D" masterDocTitle="Splitting Echinocactus: morphological and molecular evidence support the recognition of Homalocephala as a distinct genus in the Cacteae" masterLastPageNumber="59" masterPageNumber="31" pageNumber="47" updateTime="1668139081798" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Splitting Echinocactus: morphological and molecular evidence support the recognition of Homalocephala as a distinct genus in the Cacteae</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Vargas-Luna, Mario Daniel</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Hernandez-Ledesma, Patricia</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Majure, Lucas Charles</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>uente-Martinez, Raul</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>cias, Hector Manuel Hernandez M</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>una, Rolando Tenoch Barcenas</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>PhytoKeys</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2018</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>111</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>31</mods:start>
<mods:end>59</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:location>
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.111.26856</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.111.26856</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2003-111-31</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">FF91FFF1FFEDFFA5741A3368FFE6B24D</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">1492972</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="154472554" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:E33640CA6EBD2F7C46C87FE0DC3CF85F" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/E33640CA6EBD2F7C46C87FE0DC3CF85F" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="48" pageId="16" pageNumber="47">
<subSubSection pageId="16" pageNumber="47" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="16" pageNumber="47">
<taxonomicName LSID="0E5C792F-15AA-5D62-B47A-178C3601469C" authority="subsp. xeranthemoides (J. M. Coult.) Vargas &amp; Barcenas" authorityName="subsp. xeranthemoides (J. M. Coult.) Vargas &amp; Barcenas" authorityYear="2018" baseAuthorityName="subsp. xeranthemoides (J. M. Coult.) Vargas &amp; Barcenas" baseAuthorityYear="2018" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cactaceae" genus="Homalocephala" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" infraspecific-rank="subsp." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Homalocephala polycephala" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="16" pageNumber="47" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="polycephala" status="comb. nov.">
Homalocephala polycephala subsp. xeranthemoides (J.M. Coult.) Vargas &amp;
<normalizedToken originalValue="Bárcenas">Barcenas</normalizedToken>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="16" pageNumber="47">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="16" pageNumber="47" type="reference_group">
<paragraph pageId="16" pageNumber="47">
<taxonomicName authority="Engelm. &amp; J. M. Bigelow var. xeranthemoides" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cactaceae" genus="Echinocactus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" infraspecific-rank="var." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Echinocactus polycephalus" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="16" pageNumber="47" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="polycephalus" subspecies="xeranthemoides">Echinocactus polycephalus Engelm. &amp; J.M. Bigelow var. xeranthemoides</taxonomicName>
J.M. Coult. in Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 3(7): 358. 1896 [1 Apr 1896].
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="49" pageId="16" pageNumber="47" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="16" pageNumber="47">Type.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="16" pageNumber="47">
U.S.
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. ornatum" pageId="17" pageNumber="48" rank="species" species="ornatum">A.,</taxonomicName>
Arizona, near the Rio Colorado, Siler s/n., Nov., 1881 (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="47">lectotype</emphasis>
, designated by Benson, Cacti U. S. Canada, 951. 1982: MO 106798 [excluding packet labeled &quot;Siler, 1882&quot;]).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="17" pageNumber="48" type="key to genera of hea clade">
<paragraph pageId="17" pageNumber="48">
<pageBreakToken pageId="17" pageNumber="48" start="start">Key</pageBreakToken>
to genera of HEA clade
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="17" pageNumber="48">
<table pageId="17" pageNumber="48">
<tr pageId="17" pageNumber="48">
<td colspan="1" pageId="17" pageNumber="48" rowspan="1">1</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="17" pageNumber="48" rowspan="1">Stem epidermis glabrous; ovoid to almost circular seeds; campilotropous or anatropous embryos and rounded or acute cotyledons</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="17" pageNumber="48" rowspan="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="48">2</emphasis>
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="17" pageNumber="48">
<td colspan="1" pageId="17" pageNumber="48" rowspan="1">-</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="17" pageNumber="48" rowspan="1">Stem epidermis pubescent; navicular seeds; orthotropous embryos and obtuse cotyledons</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="17" pageNumber="48" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName class="Equisetopsida" family="Cactaceae" genus="Astrophytum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Astrophytum" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="17" pageNumber="48" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="48">Astrophytum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="17" pageNumber="48">
<td colspan="1" pageId="17" pageNumber="48" rowspan="1">2</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="17" pageNumber="48" rowspan="1">Stem apex with scarce trichomes; acute ribs; slightly tubular flowers; campilotropous embryos and acute cotyledons</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="17" pageNumber="48" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cactaceae" genus="Homalocephala" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Homalocephala" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="17" pageNumber="48" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="48">Homalocephala</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="17" pageNumber="48">
<td colspan="1" pageId="17" pageNumber="48" rowspan="1">-</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="17" pageNumber="48" rowspan="1">Stem apex with a dense cover of trichomes; obtuse ribs; campanulate flowers, anatropous embryos and rounded cotyledons</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="17" pageNumber="48" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Link &amp; Otto" authorityYear="1827" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cactaceae" genus="Echinocactus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Echinocactus" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="17" pageNumber="48" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="48">Echinocactus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="17" pageNumber="48" type="key to species of astrophytum">
<paragraph pageId="17" pageNumber="48">
Key to species of
<taxonomicName class="Equisetopsida" family="Cactaceae" genus="Astrophytum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Astrophytum" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="17" pageNumber="48" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="48">Astrophytum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="17" pageNumber="48">
<table pageId="17" pageNumber="48">
<tr pageId="17" pageNumber="48">
<td colspan="1" pageId="17" pageNumber="48" rowspan="1">1</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="17" pageNumber="48" rowspan="1">Areoles in mature plants with conspicuous spines</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="17" pageNumber="48" rowspan="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="48">2</emphasis>
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="17" pageNumber="48">
<td colspan="1" pageId="17" pageNumber="48" rowspan="1">-</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="17" pageNumber="48" rowspan="1">Areoles in mature plants with inconspicuous spines</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="17" pageNumber="48" rowspan="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="48">3</emphasis>
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="17" pageNumber="48">
<td colspan="1" pageId="17" pageNumber="48" rowspan="1">2</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="17" pageNumber="48" rowspan="1">Stiff straight spines and completely yellow flowers</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="17" pageNumber="48" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. ornatum" pageId="17" pageNumber="48" rank="species" species="ornatum">
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="48">A. ornatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="17" pageNumber="48">
<td colspan="1" pageId="17" pageNumber="48" rowspan="1">-</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="17" pageNumber="48" rowspan="1">Fexible curved spines and yellow flowers with a reddish base</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="17" pageNumber="48" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. capricorne" pageId="17" pageNumber="48" rank="species" species="capricorne">
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="48">A. capricorne</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="17" pageNumber="48">
<td colspan="1" pageId="17" pageNumber="48" rowspan="1">3</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="17" pageNumber="48" rowspan="1">Stems ribbed</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="17" pageNumber="48" rowspan="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="48">4</emphasis>
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="17" pageNumber="48">
<td colspan="1" pageId="17" pageNumber="48" rowspan="1">-</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="17" pageNumber="48" rowspan="1">Stems tuberculated</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="17" pageNumber="48" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. caput-medusae" pageId="17" pageNumber="48" rank="species" species="caput-medusae">
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="48">A. caput-medusae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="17" pageNumber="48">
<td colspan="1" pageId="17" pageNumber="48" rowspan="1">4</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="17" pageNumber="48" rowspan="1">Stems globose to cylindrical, commonly with five acute ribs</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="17" pageNumber="48" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. myriostigma" pageId="17" pageNumber="48" rank="species" species="myriostigma">
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="48">A. myriostigma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="17" pageNumber="48">
<td colspan="1" pageId="17" pageNumber="48" rowspan="1">-</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="17" pageNumber="48" rowspan="1">Stems depressed, commonly with eight obtuse ribs</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="17" pageNumber="48" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. asterias" pageId="17" pageNumber="48" rank="species" species="asterias">
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="48">A. asterias</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="17" pageNumber="48" type="key to species of homalocephala">
<paragraph pageId="17" pageNumber="48">
Key to species of
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cactaceae" genus="Homalocephala" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Homalocephala" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="17" pageNumber="48" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="48">Homalocephala</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="17" pageNumber="48">
<table pageId="17" pageNumber="48">
<tr pageId="17" pageNumber="48">
<td colspan="1" pageId="17" pageNumber="48" rowspan="1">1</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="17" pageNumber="48" rowspan="1">Stems rarely to frequently caespitose; yellow flowers and dry fruits</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="17" pageNumber="48" rowspan="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="48">2</emphasis>
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="17" pageNumber="48">
<td colspan="1" pageId="17" pageNumber="48" rowspan="1">-</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="17" pageNumber="48" rowspan="1">Stems Simple; pink flowers and juicy fruits</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="17" pageNumber="48" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName lsidName="H. texensis" pageId="17" pageNumber="48" rank="species" species="texensis">
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="48">H. texensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="17" pageNumber="48">
<td colspan="1" pageId="17" pageNumber="48" rowspan="1">2</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="17" pageNumber="48" rowspan="1">Stems rarely caespitose; yellow flowers with a clear reddish base</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="17" pageNumber="48" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName lsidName="H. parryi" pageId="17" pageNumber="48" rank="species" species="parryi">
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="48">H. parryi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="17" pageNumber="48">
<td colspan="1" pageId="17" pageNumber="48" rowspan="1">-</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="17" pageNumber="48" rowspan="1">Stems commonly caespitose, forming large clumps; yellow flowers without a reddish base</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="17" pageNumber="48" rowspan="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="48">3</emphasis>
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="17" pageNumber="48">
<td colspan="1" pageId="17" pageNumber="48" rowspan="1">3</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="17" pageNumber="48" rowspan="1">Spine epidermis and pericarpel scales pubescent; testa cells with periclinal walls with convex relief (papillated)</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="17" pageNumber="48" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName authority="subsp. polycephala" lsidName="H. polycephala" pageId="17" pageNumber="48" rank="species" species="polycephala">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="48">H. polycephala subsp. polycephala</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="17" pageNumber="48">
<td colspan="1" pageId="17" pageNumber="48" rowspan="1">-</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="17" pageNumber="48" rowspan="1">Spine epidermis and pericarpel scales glabrous; testa cells with periclinal walls with inconspicuous relief (flat)</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="17" pageNumber="48" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName authority="subsp. xeranthemoides" lsidName="H. polycephala" pageId="17" pageNumber="48" rank="species" species="polycephala">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="48">H. polycephala subsp. xeranthemoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="49" pageId="17" pageNumber="48" type="key to species of echinocactus">
<paragraph pageId="17" pageNumber="48">
Key to species of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Link &amp; Otto" authorityYear="1827" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cactaceae" genus="Echinocactus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Echinocactus" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="17" pageNumber="48" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="48">Echinocactus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="49" pageId="17" pageNumber="48">
<table lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="49" pageId="17" pageNumber="48">
<tr pageId="17" pageNumber="48">
<td colspan="1" pageId="17" pageNumber="48" rowspan="1">1</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="17" pageNumber="48" rowspan="1">Mature plants with stems large globose to barrel shaped with up to 60 ribs; yellow flowers; testa cells with inconspicuous relief</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="17" pageNumber="48" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cactaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="E. platyacanthus" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="17" pageNumber="48" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="platyacanthus">
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="48">E. platyacanthus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="17" pageNumber="48">
<td colspan="1" pageId="17" pageNumber="48" rowspan="1">-</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="17" pageNumber="48" rowspan="1">Mature plants with stems depressed, globose to rarely short cylindrical frequently with eight ribs; pink to crimson flowers, seeds with testa cells with a convex relief</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="17" pageNumber="48" rowspan="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="48">2</emphasis>
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="18" pageNumber="49">
<td colspan="1" pageId="18" pageNumber="49" rowspan="1">
<pageBreakToken pageId="18" pageNumber="49" start="start">2</pageBreakToken>
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="18" pageNumber="49" rowspan="1">Seedlings with 1 to 2 spines per areole; mature plants with frequently depressed stems; straight spines and light pink flowers</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="18" pageNumber="49" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName authority="subsp. horizonthalonius" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cactaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="E. horizonthalonius" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="18" pageNumber="49" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="horizonthalonius">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="49">E. horizonthalonius subsp. horizonthalonius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="18" pageNumber="49">
<td colspan="1" pageId="18" pageNumber="49" rowspan="1">-</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="18" pageNumber="49" rowspan="1">Seedlings commonly with 4 spines per areole; mature plants frequently with short cylindrical stems; curved spines and pink to crimson flowers</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="18" pageNumber="49" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName authority="subsp. nicholii" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cactaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="E. horizonthalonius" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="18" pageNumber="49" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="horizonthalonius">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="49">E. horizonthalonius subsp. nicholii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>