227 lines
29 KiB
XML
227 lines
29 KiB
XML
<document id="A9C0EEC0A34CDB500BE9ED2E8255018A" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3429.1.1" ID-ISSN="11755334" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10096509" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1629801692040" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Jäger, Peter" docDate="2012" docId="C84887861117FF90FF71FC05567FFC60" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03429p063.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3429 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3429.1.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:D239614CE4198176A422035174489AB1.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.monograph" docStyleId="D239614CE4198176A422035174489AB1" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.monograph" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Ctenus martensi Jäger, 2012, spec. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="14" masterDocId="3471FFFE111BFF9DFFE6F83B5749FFC4" masterDocTitle="Asian species of the genera Anahita Karsch 1879, Ctenus Walckenaer 1805 and Amauropelma Raven, Stumkat & Gray 2001 (Arachnida: Araneae: Ctenidae)" masterLastPageNumber="63" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="13" updateTime="1699579940834" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:mods id="CA1C8434034BBD0BD61F3B9CF016FC32" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="DE9964288D9F5ED3906B7E99E713C66B">
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<mods:title id="22047EA4DAB2B26DDBF7467C30A4CDF3">Asian species of the genera Anahita Karsch 1879, Ctenus Walckenaer 1805 and Amauropelma Raven, Stumkat & Gray 2001 (Arachnida: Araneae: Ctenidae)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="48481901AE59456AFD9B8B1E67C072B0" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="D837E6365CF099A1F6AB9728AC1DD7D9">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="D439001D7976C5E38BF9338279CDAD1E">Jäger, Peter</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="D7D7EF22F99C8354891DF5F5BEE6A3FA">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="49FCC60397DA7ABEE8F4EBFF50B56100">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="6A2AE80EBD06B3C978EFD67DF6250B8A">
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<mods:date id="91B33D52D0A93318548701CDCCF78BC4">2012</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="3A679C32DF0C5786EF4C27232403DE7C" type="pubDate">
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<mods:number id="7B8720C5335F85C3934D117C77A3719F">2012-08-20</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="E95FC8017E15EECC7C1DC18CDC6DCE90" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="20EF88868D21010B535409D92460E1B2">3429</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="C0AFC83C1C91D9DABDE29CC6393B581A">1</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="F59573BAC5A9EA005A8E6867B9B7D578">1</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="F9517A0B0A59A31280C03EB3C746C103">63</mods:end>
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<mods:location id="6AE93A8E35DC13752636106A826AF6B6">
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<mods:url id="FD82F1DFECF87883CA11685FD3B7FD89">http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3429.1.1</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification id="BF78F758917B2D879EE5745FDE1AC1FE">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="BBDC4E2FA98EFBDB01F8B36E7D73D3B9" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.3429.1.1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="88489000835DE101C58E702ADD5DDDE4" type="ISSN">11755334</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="9F0C5D8709DE343BEC64E7C95815307B" type="Zenodo-Dep">10096509</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="C84887861117FF90FF71FC05567FFC60" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5461087" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5461087" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C84887861117FF90FF71FC05567FFC60" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/C84887861117FF90FF71FC05567FFC60" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="14" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
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<subSubSection id="08FB651B1117FF91FF71FC055692FB9C" box="[151,475,1086,1112]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="405E36901117FF91FF71FC055692FB9C" blockId="12.[151,475,1086,1145]" box="[151,475,1086,1112]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
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<heading id="1B1681FC1117FF91FF71FC055692FB9C" bold="true" box="[151,475,1086,1112]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="7295EA821117FF91FF71FC055692FB9C" bold="true" box="[151,475,1086,1112]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
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||
<taxonomicName id="87E14D131117FF91FF71FC055614FB9C" ID-CoL="327VF" authorityName="Jager" authorityYear="2012" box="[151,349,1086,1112]" class="Arachnida" family="Ctenidae" genus="Ctenus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="martensi" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="7295EA821117FF91FF71FC055614FB9C" bold="true" box="[151,349,1086,1112]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Ctenus martensi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="69A657F91117FF91FE82FC055692FB9C" box="[356,475,1086,1112]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" rank="species">spec. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="08FB651B1117FF91FF71FC5A565DFBBD" box="[151,276,1121,1145]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="description">
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<paragraph id="405E36901117FF91FF71FC5A565DFBBD" blockId="12.[151,475,1086,1145]" box="[151,276,1121,1145]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
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<figureCitation id="D8DA2A151117FF91FF71FC5A565DFBBD" box="[151,276,1121,1145]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 39" captionStart-1="FIGURES 40–42" captionStart-2="FIGURES 43–46" captionStartId-0="14.[151,250,1909,1932]" captionStartId-1="15.[151,264,1348,1371]" captionStartId-2="16.[151,264,855,878]" captionTargetBox-0="[151,1436,193,1888]" captionTargetBox-1="[156,1430,218,1321]" captionTargetBox-2="[155,1425,204,824]" captionTargetId-0="figure-80@14.[151,1436,193,1888]" captionTargetId-1="figure-288@15.[156,1430,218,1326]" captionTargetId-2="figure-429@16.[151,1436,193,834]" captionTargetPageId-0="14" captionTargetPageId-1="15" captionTargetPageId-2="16" captionText-0="FIGURE 39. Records of Ctenus spp. in South and Southeast Asia. 1 Between Chitre and Chandrung, Nepal. 2–5 Burma (2" captionText-1="FIGURES 40–42. Ctenus martensi spec. nov., holotype male from Nepal, left male palp (40 prolateral, 41 ventral, 42 retrolateral). C—conductor, E—embolus, ME—membranous extension of embolus, here developed as short seam, SD—sperm duct, TA—tegular apophysis." captionText-2="FIGURES 43–46. Ctenus martensi spec. nov., holotype male from Nepal, habitus (43 dorsal, 44 ventral, 45 frontal, 46 lateral)." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10096523" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10096525" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10096527" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/10096523/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/10096525/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/10096527/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Figs 39–46</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="08FB651B1117FF91FF71FC925507FACD" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="405E36901117FF91FF71FC925507FACD" blockId="12.[151,1437,1193,1937]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
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Type material.
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<materialsCitation id="F0893CCD1117FF91FEA9FC9253FEFB21" collectingDate="1980-05-07" collectionCode="SMF" collectorName="Martens & Ausobsky" country="Nepal" elevation="2890" location="Parbat district" municipality="Tsuga-Rhododendron" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
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<emphasis id="7295EA821117FF91FEA9FC9256B6FB05" bold="true" box="[335,511,1193,1217]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
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<typeStatus id="9F5A88321117FF91FEA9FC9256F5FB05" box="[335,444,1193,1217]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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male
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</emphasis>
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(
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<collectionCode id="26F0AE551117FF91FDE9FC925505FB05" box="[527,588,1193,1217]" country="Germany" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34838" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34838" name="Forschungsinstitut und Natur-Museum Senckenberg" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">SMF</collectionCode>
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),
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<collectingCountry id="38F676001117FF91FD87FC9255EEFB05" box="[609,679,1193,1217]" name="Nepal" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Nepal</collectingCountry>
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,
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<location id="453E604B1117FF91FD52FC92541FFB05" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C84887861117FF90FF71FC05567FFC60:453E604B1117FF91FD52FC92541FFB05" box="[692,854,1193,1217]" country="Nepal" municipality="Tsuga-Rhododendron" name="Parbat district" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Parbat district</location>
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,
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<locationDeviation id="51EC2FB21117FF91FC84FC925252FB05" box="[866,1307,1193,1217]" firstLocation="Chitre" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" secondLocation="Chandrung, Chitre">between Chitre and Chandrung, Chitre</locationDeviation>
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side of the pass,
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<emphasis id="7295EA821117FF91FF3DFCF65682FB21" box="[219,459,1229,1253]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
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<collectingMunicipality id="A03AACEA1117FF91FF3DFCF65682FB21" box="[219,459,1229,1253]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Tsuga-Rhododendron</collectingMunicipality>
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</emphasis>
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,
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<quantity id="87199B751117FF91FE39FCF655C9FB21" box="[479,640,1229,1253]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.8899999999999997" metricValueMax="2.9" metricValueMin="2.88" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" unit="m" value="2890.0" valueMax="2900.0" valueMin="2880.0">
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<elevation id="CBCCD1A31117FF91FE39FCF655C9FB21" box="[479,640,1229,1253]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.8899999999999997" metricValueMax="2.9" metricValueMin="2.88" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" unit="m" value="2890.0" valueMax="2900.0" valueMin="2880.0">2880–2900 m</elevation>
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</quantity>
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altitude,
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<collectorName id="ED1453461117FF91FD12FCF55419FB21" box="[756,848,1230,1253]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Martens</collectorName>
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&
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<collectorName id="ED1453461117FF91FC99FCF654A6FB21" box="[895,1007,1229,1253]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Ausobsky</collectorName>
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leg. 4./
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<date id="345F10501117FF91FBA8FCF653FEFB21" box="[1102,1207,1229,1253]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" value="1980-05-07">
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<collectingDate id="241BE9B81117FF91FBA8FCF653FEFB21" box="[1102,1207,1229,1253]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" value="1980-05-07">7.V.1980</collectingDate>
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</date>
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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<materialsCitation id="F0893CCD1117FF91FB21FCF65503FACD" collectingDate="1980-05-07" collectionCode="SMF" collectorName="Martens & Ausobsky" country="Nepal" elevation="2890" location="Parbat district" municipality="Tsuga-Rhododendron" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" typeStatus="paratype">
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<emphasis id="7295EA821117FF91FB21FCF652D2FB21" bold="true" box="[1223,1435,1229,1254]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
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<typeStatus id="9F5A88321117FF91FB21FCF6527FFB21" box="[1223,1334,1229,1253]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
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.
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<specimenCount id="56E7FD191117FF91FAAEFCF652D2FB21" box="[1352,1435,1229,1254]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
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</emphasis>
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(
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<collectionCode id="26F0AE551117FF91FF79FCCA5795FACD" box="[159,220,1265,1289]" country="Germany" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34838" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34838" name="Forschungsinstitut und Natur-Museum Senckenberg" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">SMF</collectionCode>
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), with same data as for holotype
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="08FB651B1117FF91FF21FD2E56ABFAB1" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="etymology">
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<paragraph id="405E36901117FF91FF21FD2E56ABFAB1" blockId="12.[151,1437,1193,1937]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
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<emphasis id="7295EA821117FF91FF21FD2E5607FAE9" bold="true" box="[199,334,1301,1325]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" reason="1">Etymology.</emphasis>
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The specific epithet honours Jochen Martens, my former PhD supervisor, who not only collected the
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<typeStatus id="9F5A88321117FF91FF27FD0157B8FA96" box="[193,241,1338,1362]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">type</typeStatus>
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material of this species from
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<collectingCountry id="38F676001117FF91FDA2FD0255C3FA95" box="[580,650,1337,1361]" name="Nepal" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Nepal</collectingCountry>
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, but also collected a wealth of material from many arthropod groups; noun (name) in genitive case.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="08FB651B1117FF91FF21FDBA55C1FA25" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="405E36901117FF91FF21FDBA55C1FA25" blockId="12.[151,1437,1193,1937]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
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<emphasis id="7295EA821117FF91FF21FDBA5608FA5E" bold="true" box="[199,321,1409,1434]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" reason="1">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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Small
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<taxonomicName id="87E14D131117FF91FE76FDBA56BAFA5D" authorityName="Keyserling" authorityYear="1877" box="[400,499,1409,1433]" class="Arachnida" family="Ctenidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Ctenidae</taxonomicName>
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(total length male 9.5–9.9). Distinguished from other
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<taxonomicName id="87E14D131117FF91FBB2FDBA539EFA5D" box="[1108,1239,1409,1433]" class="Arachnida" family="Ctenidae" genus="Ctenus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
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<emphasis id="7295EA821117FF91FBB2FDBA53EBFA5D" box="[1108,1186,1409,1433]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Ctenus</emphasis>
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spp.
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</taxonomicName>
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by cymbial tooth on retromargin, the uniquely U-shaped RTA and its proximal arising point as well as the tegular apophysis distinctly concave prolaterally (
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<figureCitation id="D8DA2A151117FF91FE1EFDF25535FA25" box="[504,636,1481,1505]" captionStart="FIGURES 40–42" captionStartId="15.[151,264,1348,1371]" captionTargetBox="[156,1430,218,1321]" captionTargetId="figure-288@15.[156,1430,218,1326]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURES 40–42. Ctenus martensi spec. nov., holotype male from Nepal, left male palp (40 prolateral, 41 ventral, 42 retrolateral). C—conductor, E—embolus, ME—membranous extension of embolus, here developed as short seam, SD—sperm duct, TA—tegular apophysis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10096525" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10096525/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Figs 40–42</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="08FB651B1117FF90FF21FDD65352FE30" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="14" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="description">
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<paragraph id="405E36901117FF91FF21FDD6567AF8A9" blockId="12.[151,1437,1193,1937]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
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||
<emphasis id="7295EA821117FF91FF21FDD656D4F9C1" bold="true" box="[199,413,1517,1542]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
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<emphasis id="7295EA821117FF91FF21FDD65611F9C2" box="[199,344,1517,1542]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" reason="1">Description.</emphasis>
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Male
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</emphasis>
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(
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<typeStatus id="9F5A88321117FF91FE48FDD6555EF9C1" box="[430,535,1517,1541]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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). PL 5.1, PW 3.8, AW 2.0, OL 4.4, OW 2.5. Eye diameters and interdistances: AME 0.22, ALE 0.21, PME 0.28, PLE 0.28, AME–AME 0.12, AME–ALE 0.21, PME–PME 0.10, PME–PLE 0.31, AME–PME 0.13, ALE–PLE 0.09, clypeus AME 0.10, clypeus ALE 0.31. Palp and leg measurements: palp 6.4 (2.3, 0.9, 1.2, -, 2.0), I 15.1 (4.0, 1.9, 3.8, 3.6, 1.8), II 14.0 (3.8, 1.9, 3.4, 3.3, 1.6), III 12.9 (3.4, 1.8, 3.0, 3.3, 1.4), IV 16.6 (4.2, 1.8, 3.9, 4.9, 1.8). Leg formula 4123. Spination of palp and legs: palp 141, 100, 1001; femora I p01(0)2, d111, r111, II p112, d111, r 111, III p112, d111, r012, IV p112, d111, r002; patellae I 1(0)01, II–IV 101; tibiae I p010, d001, r110, v22222, II p110, d001, r110, v22222, III–IV p11, d011, r11, v222; metatarsi I–II p111, r111, v222, III p112, d010, r112, v222, IV p112, d010, r112,
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<date id="345F10501117FF91FCDDFED254CDF8C5" box="[827,900,1769,1793]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" value="2122-05">v2122</date>
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. Chelicerae with 3 promarginal, 3 retromarginal teeth, and without denticles. Retromargin of chelicerae close to fang base with 1 bristle. Ventral tarsi and metatarsi I–II with sparse scopula. Leg claws I with 7, leg claw IV with 9 secondary teeth. Tarsal organs: I 0.80, II 0.79, III 0.70, IV 0.70.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="405E36901117FF90FF21FF4253DDFF10" blockId="12.[151,1437,1193,1937]" lastBlockId="13.[151,1437,151,536]" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="14" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
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Palp as in diagnosis (
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<figureCitation id="D8DA2A151117FF91FE21FF425519F855" box="[455,592,1913,1937]" captionStart="FIGURES 40–42" captionStartId="15.[151,264,1348,1371]" captionTargetBox="[156,1430,218,1321]" captionTargetId="figure-288@15.[156,1430,218,1326]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURES 40–42. Ctenus martensi spec. nov., holotype male from Nepal, left male palp (40 prolateral, 41 ventral, 42 retrolateral). C—conductor, E—embolus, ME—membranous extension of embolus, here developed as short seam, SD—sperm duct, TA—tegular apophysis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10096525" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10096525/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Figs 40–42</figureCitation>
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). Cymbium tip slightly conical, cymbial retromargin with slight ventral spermophor dorsally, subdistally with tiny slit at proximal side. Embolus base with indistinct membranous seam. Tegular apophysis elongated, about twice as long as wide, distinctly excavated prolaterally.
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</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="405E36901116FF90FF21F8E4555CFE68" blockId="13.[151,1437,151,536]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
Colour (
|
||
<figureCitation id="D8DA2A151116FF90FECFF8E456F8FF33" box="[297,433,223,247]" captionStart="FIGURES 43–46" captionStartId="16.[151,264,855,878]" captionTargetBox="[155,1425,204,824]" captionTargetId="figure-429@16.[151,1436,193,834]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURES 43–46. Ctenus martensi spec. nov., holotype male from Nepal, habitus (43 dorsal, 44 ventral, 45 frontal, 46 lateral)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10096527" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10096527/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Figs 43–46</figureCitation>
|
||
). Yellowish- to reddish-brown. Dorsal prosoma with faint radial markings, distinctly marked fovea and black circles around eyes. Sternum, ventral coxae, labium and gnathocoxae yellowish-brown without pattern. Chelicerae yellowish-brown without distinct pattern. Legs yellowish-brown with distal segments darker, partly with indistinct diffused black colour. Dorsal opisthosoma with light heart region. Lateral opisthosoma with spots and striae. Ventral opisthosoma light with dark median field and light patches within. Spinnerets and anal tubercle light.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="405E36901116FF90FF21F98356EBFE0B" blockId="13.[151,1437,151,536]" box="[199,418,439,464]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
<emphasis id="7295EA821116FF90FF21F983566CFE14" bold="true" box="[199,293,440,464]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" reason="1">Female.</emphasis>
|
||
Unknown.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="405E36901116FF90FF21F9E05352FE30" blockId="13.[151,1437,151,536]" box="[199,1051,475,500]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
<emphasis id="7295EA821116FF90FF21F9E05676FE30" bold="true" box="[199,319,475,500]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" reason="1">Variation.</emphasis>
|
||
<typeStatus id="9F5A88321116FF90FEA3F9E756EEFE30" box="[325,423,476,500]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
male: PL 5.4, OL 4.6, with ventral opisthosoma lighter.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="08FB651B1116FF90FF21F9C4567FFC60" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="405E36901116FF90FF21F9C4543EFDD3" blockId="13.[151,1437,151,536]" box="[199,887,511,536]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
<emphasis id="7295EA821116FF90FF21F9C45629FDDC" bold="true" box="[199,352,511,536]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" reason="1">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
Known only from the
|
||
<typeStatus id="9F5A88321116FF90FD86FA3B55D9FDDC" box="[608,656,512,536]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality (
|
||
<figureCitation id="D8DA2A151116FF90FD1CF9C45406FDD3" box="[762,847,511,535]" captionStart="FIGURE 39" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1909,1932]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1888]" captionTargetId="figure-80@14.[151,1436,193,1888]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 39. Records of Ctenus spp. in South and Southeast Asia. 1 Between Chitre and Chandrung, Nepal. 2–5 Burma (2" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10096523" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10096523/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Fig. 39</figureCitation>
|
||
: 1).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="405E36901116FF90FF71FA57567FFC60" blockId="13.[151,1436,620,932]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
The following two species exhibit a unique RTA tip modification: the more or less complex tip (“apical spur” sensu F.O.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="24704B611116FF90FF34FAB456BDFD63" author="Pickard-Cambridge" box="[210,500,655,679]" firstAuthor="Pickard-Cambridge" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="401 - 415" refId="ref31605" refString="Pickard-Cambridge, F. O. (1902) New species of spiders belonging to the genus Ctenus, with supplementary notes. The Annals and Magazine of Natural History, (7) 9, 401 - 415." type="journal article" year="1902">Pickard-Cambridge 1902</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; “thin and transparent chitinous appendage” sensu
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="24704B611116FF90FBB7FAB453B9FD63" author="Gravely" box="[1105,1264,655,679]" firstAuthor="Gravely" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="211 - 282" refId="ref30908" refString="Gravely, F. H. (1931) Some Indian spiders of the families Ctenidae, Sparassidae, Selenopidae and Clubionidae. Records of the Indian Museum Calcutta, 33, 211 - 282." type="journal article" year="1931">Gravely 1931</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) is fixed on a predetermined breaking point; this feature is also known for emboli in other spiders, e.g. in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="87E14D131116FF90FB7DFA8F5663FD2B" authority="Audouin 1826" authorityName="Audouin" authorityYear="1826" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Argiope" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="7295EA821116FF90FB7DFA8F53BDFD08" box="[1179,1268,692,716]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Argiope</emphasis>
|
||
Audouin 1826 (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="24704B611116FF90FF78FAEC566BFD2B" author="Jager" box="[158,290,727,751]" firstAuthor="Jager" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="358 - 362" refId="ref31224" refString="Jager, P. (2012) A review on the spider genus Argiope Audouin 1826 with special emphasis on broken emboli in female epigynes (Araneae: Araneidae: Argiopinae). Beitrage zur Araneologie, 7, 272 - 331, 358 - 362." type="journal article" year="2012">Jäger 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. When one of these structures was touched in the preserved
|
||
<typeStatus id="9F5A88321116FF90FC0BFAEC5306FD2B" box="[1005,1103,727,751]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="87E14D131116FF90FB9CFAE353B6FD34" authorityName="Jager" authorityYear="2012" box="[1146,1279,728,752]" class="Arachnida" family="Ctenidae" genus="Ctenus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cladarus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="7295EA821116FF90FB9CFAE353B6FD34" box="[1146,1279,728,752]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">C. cladarus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="69A657F91116FF90FAEFFAE35237FD2B" box="[1289,1406,728,751]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" rank="species">spec. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, it broke promptly. In the right palp of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="9F5A88321116FF90FDB4FAC755FDFCD0" box="[594,692,764,788]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="87E14D131116FF90FD3FFAC75410FCD0" authorityName="Thorell" authorityYear="1887" box="[729,857,764,788]" class="Arachnida" family="Ctenidae" genus="Ctenus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ramosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="7295EA821116FF90FD3FFAC75410FCD0" box="[729,857,764,788]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">C. ramosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
it was already broken. Based on the illustrations by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="24704B611116FF90FF71FB2456ABFCF3" author="Tikader and Malhotra" box="[151,482,799,823]" firstAuthor="Tikader" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="105 - 124" refId="ref32446" refString="Tikader, B. K. & Malhotra, M. S. (1981) Revision of spiders of the genus Ctenus Walckenaer from India (Araneae: Ctenidae). Records of the Zoological Survey of India, 79, 105 - 124." type="journal article" year="1981">Tikader and Malhotra (1981)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
the following species could also possess such a breakable RTA tip:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="87E14D131116FF90FB1EFB1B56A4FC98" authority="F. O. Pickard-Cambridge 1897" authorityName="F. O. Pickard-Cambridge" authorityYear="1897" class="Arachnida" family="Ctenidae" genus="Ctenus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ceylonensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="7295EA821116FF90FB1EFB1B52D5FCFC" box="[1272,1436,800,824]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">C. ceylonensis</emphasis>
|
||
F.O.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="24704B611116FF90FF29FB7F56A4FC98" author="Pickard-Cambridge" box="[207,493,836,860]" firstAuthor="Pickard-Cambridge" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="52 - 106" refId="ref31546" refString="Pickard-Cambridge, F. O. (1897) On cteniform spiders from the lower Amazons and other regions of North and South America, with a list of all known species of these groups hitherto recorded from the New World. The Annals and Magazine of Natural History, (6) 19, 52 - 106." type="journal article" year="1897">Pickard-Cambridge 1897</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="87E14D131116FF90FE1DFB7F54A8FC98" authority="Tikader & Malhotra 1981" authorityName="Tikader & Malhotra" authorityYear="1981" box="[507,993,836,860]" class="Arachnida" family="Ctenidae" genus="Ctenus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bomdilaensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="7295EA821116FF90FE1DFB7F55FBFC98" box="[507,690,836,860]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">C. bomdilaensis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="24704B611116FF90FD5CFB7F54A8FC98" author="Tikader & Malhotra" box="[698,993,836,860]" firstAuthor="Tikader" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="105 - 124" refId="ref32446" refString="Tikader, B. K. & Malhotra, M. S. (1981) Revision of spiders of the genus Ctenus Walckenaer from India (Araneae: Ctenidae). Records of the Zoological Survey of India, 79, 105 - 124." type="journal article" year="1981">Tikader & Malhotra 1981</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="87E14D131116FF90FC09FB7F5201FC98" authority="Gravely 1931" authorityName="Gravely" authorityYear="1931" box="[1007,1352,836,860]" class="Arachnida" family="Ctenidae" genus="Ctenus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="himalayensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="7295EA821116FF90FC09FB7F53EDFC98" box="[1007,1188,836,860]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">C. himalayensis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="24704B611116FF90FB4BFB7F5201FC98" author="Gravely" box="[1197,1352,836,860]" firstAuthor="Gravely" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="211 - 282" refId="ref30908" refString="Gravely, F. H. (1931) Some Indian spiders of the families Ctenidae, Sparassidae, Selenopidae and Clubionidae. Records of the Indian Museum Calcutta, 33, 211 - 282." type="journal article" year="1931">Gravely 1931</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="87E14D131116FF90FA64FB7F5681FCBB" authority="Gravely 1931" authorityName="Gravely" authorityYear="1931" class="Arachnida" family="Ctenidae" genus="Ctenus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sikkimensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="7295EA821116FF90FA64FB7F565EFC44" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">C. sikkimensis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="24704B611116FF90FEC3FB5C5681FCBB" author="Gravely" box="[293,456,871,895]" firstAuthor="Gravely" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="211 - 282" refId="ref30908" refString="Gravely, F. H. (1931) Some Indian spiders of the families Ctenidae, Sparassidae, Selenopidae and Clubionidae. Records of the Indian Museum Calcutta, 33, 211 - 282." type="journal article" year="1931">Gravely 1931</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="24704B611116FF90FE3DFB5C5588FCBB" author="Silva-Davila" box="[475,705,871,895]" firstAuthor="Silva-Davila" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="1 - 86" refId="ref31931" refString="Silva-Davila, D. (2003) Higher-level relationships of the spider family Ctenidae (Araneae: Ctenoidea). Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 274, 1 - 86." type="journal article" year="2003">Silva-Dávila (2003)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
considered this character in her cladistic analysis as matrix character #13.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |