1059 lines
114 KiB
XML
1059 lines
114 KiB
XML
<document ID-CLB-Dataset="297097" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.7316535" ID-GBIF-Dataset="f9373c90-73c5-4ee4-b0f8-4c371f527d91" ID-ISBN="0-8018-8221-4" checkinTime="1670905209323" checkinUser="guido" docAuthor="Wilson, Don E. & Reeder, DeeAnn" docDate="2005" docId="C843CAA34E02FBE2FEAE47E838C4AA7B" docLanguage="en" docName="MammalSpeciesofTheWorld.2005.Muridae.1189-1531.xml" docOrigin="Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 2, Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press" docTitle="Rattus rattus" docType="treatment" docVersion="5" id="A2267A57FF8A65DA07E1D2E970F9422A" lastPageNumber="1484" masterDocId="A2267A57FF8A65DA07E1D2E970F9422A" masterDocTitle="Order Rodentia - Family Muridae" masterLastPageNumber="1531" masterPageNumber="1189" pageNumber="1484" updateTime="1716781534040" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="21ACF0B888C1A3CE218F86267C1B14AA">Order Rodentia - Family Muridae</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="AC099F7E4FA2D329CA8249FE2C7B5A11">Wilson, Don E.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="7F0C2C0DBD948A7841EB722DD08289DE">Reeder, DeeAnn</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="84242D4D6F4936FB450366DA055849EF">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:dateIssued id="785A3F30C56CD3F8193B980000D29602">2005</mods:dateIssued>
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<mods:publisher id="AD7EE044BD0FC24943465A4C396E5F35">The Johns Hopkins University Press</mods:publisher>
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<mods:placeTerm id="2D65CE74CAA949B66B3B184EF7C757E2">Baltimore</mods:placeTerm>
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<mods:titleInfo id="402ACC9C8BF6FF4D993B74016E3F2BB9">
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<mods:title id="3F7391FA9377E0B38E0F14510DB2E424">Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 2</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="601BFD0C80AC658F3C318C328FB1448D">
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<mods:start id="6F2B738A18F497F81C9466BB68675F1C">1189</mods:start>
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<mods:classification id="F45D6920D437B3CD77A2A478744B82CD">book chapter</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="87B76DF852EB2F73852B3676C0554708" type="ISBN">0-8018-8221-4</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="F16FD8630D137CCA775C8A7AB95087B3" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.7316535</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="C843CAA34E02FBE2FEAE47E838C4AA7B" ID-GBIF-Taxon="231540077" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C843CAA34E02FBE2FEAE47E838C4AA7B" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/C843CAA34E02FBE2FEAE47E838C4AA7B" lastPageNumber="1484" pageNumber="1484" sourceUrl="http://www.departments.bucknell.edu/biology/resources/msw3/browse.asp?id=13001776">
|
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<subSubSection id="8CC26D59B2086635609FD6C65FC95E52" pageNumber="1484" type="nomenclature">
|
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<paragraph id="66A73C085EA604E2435D4FA1E98756BD" pageNumber="1484">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="10C3E36343D1F5E10648668C357CDFCC" ID-CoL="4RM6W" authority="(Linnaeus 1758)" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="1484" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rattus">
|
||
<emphasis id="EFA253AAB914408D41DDEE7E92D9D280" italics="true" pageNumber="1484">Rattus rattus</emphasis>
|
||
(Linnaeus 1758)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="91F5D98EBCDEF110D32BEE7DCC3E778C" pageNumber="1484" type="reference_group">
|
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<paragraph id="77525245E34D1BA6F416B110C7C3B598" pageNumber="1484">
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="960D6AA4C8493F74E41D53E6E134B7D5" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3918070" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3918070" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:BA1DF20B-C425-47D7-9AF7-DAB072383F25" author="Linnaeus" authority="Linnaeus 1758" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Mus" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/61AA5679B02E11E54205BDFA1B907A2D" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" page="61" pageNumber="1484" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rattus" title="Mus rattus" volumeTitle="Syst. Nat., 10th ed., Vol. 1" year="1758">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57485A54B036A0EE1F345DFD1E51ED66" ID-CoL="63QK6" authority="Linnaeus 1758" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Mus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="1484" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rattus">
|
||
<emphasis id="67706578CE0F64FE81559536B109625C" italics="true" pageNumber="1484">[Mus] rattus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F8AB4DB1EC90C8B1A7180D5C4E03E9AF" author="Linnaeus, C." refId="ref213949" refString="Linnaeus, C. 1758. Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classis, ordines, genera, species cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Tenth ed. Vol. 1. Laurentii Salvii, Stockholm, 824 pp." year="1758">Linnaeus 1758</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibCitation id="CEE88E50421BBAFAC2E9787D49333A99" author="Linnaeus" pageNumber="1484" pagination="61" title="Mus rattus" volumeTitle="Syst. Nat., 10th ed., Vol. 1" year="1758">Syst. Nat., 10th ed., Vol. 1: 61</bibCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="9565AA3DD60B9BD34218DACF2590A921" pageNumber="1484" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="CBD86F57D0B7A4CF45A560AFBF98AD3D" pageNumber="1484">
|
||
<emphasis id="DCFE10FCB1D0773C7EA570C6B8FC26D9" inLineHeading="true" pageNumber="1484">Type Locality:</emphasis>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="0ED285FEBE2854D2B492B3C9758A0D53" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4867324610" country="Sweden" pageNumber="1484" stateProvince="Uppsala">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="3B7D61140F196EBAE070594A8F7901EE" name="Sweden">Sweden</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="2FCFB287DD10D9D077F73E7D9EF87F53" country="Sweden" name="Uppsala">Uppsala County</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="697CD465DA9B26DAFA88F673E07FCEA0" country="Sweden" name="Uppsala">Uppsala</collectingRegion>
|
||
.
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="8DDAAAABFEE840E9B2B545BCC2FD43F4" pageNumber="1484" type="vernacular_names">
|
||
<paragraph id="AA829590F154707D12833421C4873BB0" pageNumber="1484">
|
||
<emphasis id="E932A92D76F65838BA790BE58E0B2AF5" inLineHeading="true" pageNumber="1484">Vernacular Names:</emphasis>
|
||
<vernacularName id="45DB47F6F05894F86D870908995425BE" language="eng" pageNumber="1484">Roof Rat</vernacularName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="94219351CEBD40999325F14C85C7C926" pageNumber="1484" type="synonym_list">
|
||
<paragraph id="35634987535801E77493C28661507F31" pageNumber="1484">
|
||
<emphasis id="763AA9B9A50E4C0887F4243F0F8D9894" inLineHeading="true" pageNumber="1484">Synonyms:</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D4E7F42AA585471570F178FFE2E3E2C0" authority="(Hodgson 1845)" baseAuthorityName="Hodgson" baseAuthorityYear="1845" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="1484" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aequicaudalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="9D57A1C042930E8EF4BA98F7DE1F306D" italics="true" pageNumber="1484">Rattus aequicaudalis</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A8010FDE7FCEB189D0815290AC31AF94" author="Hodgson, B. H." refId="ref154508" refString="Hodgson, B. H. 1845. On the rats, mice, and shrews of the central region of Nepal. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, [ser. 1], 15: 266 - 270." year="1845">Hodgson 1845</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A89563301DF137A01E43EF8BF4955B90" authority="(Philippi 1900)" baseAuthorityName="Philippi" baseAuthorityYear="1900" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="1484" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aethiops">
|
||
<emphasis id="FFB31B4D2B8607E806F4C575D17DD8A6" italics="true" pageNumber="1484">Rattus aethiops</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9B717FA91A4431D4BDAC60266D7C4876" author="Philippi, R. A." refId="ref285342" refString="Philippi, R. A. 1900. Figuras i descripciones de los murideos de Chile. Anales de Museo Nacional de Chile, Zoologie, 14 a: 1 - 70." year="1900">Philippi 1900</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EAF720810AB543A4260183DB20C69C3A" authority="(Jentink 1909)" baseAuthorityName="Jentink" baseAuthorityYear="1909" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="1484" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="albiventer">
|
||
<emphasis id="354A769FC4453032265B488FB3DB9DFB" italics="true" pageNumber="1484">Rattus albiventer</emphasis>
|
||
(Jentink 1909)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CB226AFA2ECF71AE8D6A154BB355AD07" authority="(Jentink 1909)" baseAuthorityName="Jentink" baseAuthorityYear="1909" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="1484" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="albiventris">
|
||
<emphasis id="8176EF0689CE54B1EE02B13164BEA343" italics="true" pageNumber="1484">Rattus albiventris</emphasis>
|
||
(Jentink 1909)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4854D3F069C723641C72F88190ABE50C" authority="(Fitzinger 1867)" baseAuthorityName="Fitzinger" baseAuthorityYear="1867" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="1484" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="albus">
|
||
<emphasis id="C5D41F989F1E71ABDEEFDAD3433BAD15" italics="true" pageNumber="1484">Rattus albus</emphasis>
|
||
(Fitzinger 1867)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21CCB275EEEAAEE784490E1BE7B1081E" authority="(Fatio 1902)" baseAuthorityName="Fatio" baseAuthorityYear="1902" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="1484" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="alexandrino-rattus">
|
||
<emphasis id="376E56D6B075765435439426E85C24C5" italics="true" pageNumber="1484">Rattus alexandrino-rattus</emphasis>
|
||
(Fatio 1902)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E5F880FB4F9D2AE6DC88B075EA8C6C74" authority="(É. Geoffroy 1803)" baseAuthorityName="É. Geoffroy" baseAuthorityYear="1803" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="1484" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="alexandrinus">
|
||
<emphasis id="EF275E426D7D1FD288D784F282A70FAF" italics="true" pageNumber="1484">Rattus alexandrinus</emphasis>
|
||
(É.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="CCE1D2D28420CF3E1F7219BCA5BF0AF9" author="Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, E." refId="ref118357" refString="Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, E. 1803. Catalogue des mammiferes du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle. Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, 272 pp." year="1803">Geoffroy 1803</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="22AAFC88B19B51A2BFB1584D5315D5CB" authority="(Desmarest 1819)" baseAuthorityName="Desmarest" baseAuthorityYear="1819" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="1484" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="alexandrinus">
|
||
<emphasis id="AE6B9AF01B52D853226D882463CCB7DF" italics="true" pageNumber="1484">Rattus alexandrinus</emphasis>
|
||
(Desmarest 1819)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9809D7EF0457EC55F3FF474C5653D525" authority="(Horsfield 1851)" baseAuthorityName="Horsfield" baseAuthorityYear="1851" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="1484" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="arboreus">
|
||
<emphasis id="7122AC06FF76C7322E5AEF1991740304" italics="true" pageNumber="1484">Rattus arboreus</emphasis>
|
||
(Horsfield 1851)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F863F8A08ACD2DC379AF9ECB10718581" authority="(Gould 1863)" baseAuthorityName="Gould" baseAuthorityYear="1863" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="1484" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="arboricola">
|
||
<emphasis id="A5EFEC32A4A17F3D35B763186A33B4BC" italics="true" pageNumber="1484">Rattus arboricola</emphasis>
|
||
(Gould 1863)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2F307E199974BFE40C36084A61016F27" authority="(Gray 1837)" baseAuthorityName="Gray" baseAuthorityYear="1837" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="1484" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="asiaticus">
|
||
<emphasis id="25A37B113A76F7FD871A59FDAFA31931" italics="true" pageNumber="1484">Rattus asiaticus</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="2B1FBE1EAD3A7DDA844E30CCE8BA30F9" author="Gray, J. E." refId="ref128275" refString="Gray, J. E. 1837 [1838]. On a new species of paradoxure (Paradoxurus derbianus) with remarks on some Mammalia recently purchased by the British Museum, and characters of the new species. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1837: 67." year="1837">Gray 1837</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="61C64803FA2E0DDFA01E7C75A5823459" authority="(Fitzinger 1867)" baseAuthorityName="Fitzinger" baseAuthorityYear="1867" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="1484" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ater">
|
||
<emphasis id="4305B38F9126BF2577CB531F86A1D512" italics="true" pageNumber="1484">Rattus ater</emphasis>
|
||
(Fitzinger 1867)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DCB44A79025680DF2B67C4B8BE6D6B8F" authority="(Millais 1905)" baseAuthorityName="Millais" baseAuthorityYear="1905" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="1484" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ater">
|
||
<emphasis id="8BD4343771E38F07A68551633EA8D7D1" italics="true" pageNumber="1484">Rattus ater</emphasis>
|
||
(Millais 1905)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E8A7C31D094BFB6912BF0AAD5152B490" authority="(Miller 1902)" baseAuthorityName="Miller" baseAuthorityYear="1902" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="1484" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="atratus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1410DE785551B721A8B74789F15BAD44" italics="true" pageNumber="1484">Rattus atratus</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C0DE2E20EF41284DB3D63F10EE1872AF" author="Miller, G. S., Jr." refId="ref241779" refString="Miller, G. S., Jr. 1902. The mammals of the Andaman and Nicobar islands. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 24: 751 - 795." year="1902">Miller 1902</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="12594CE19829DC3EE9DC27EF48B6A705" authority="(Miller 1903)" baseAuthorityName="Miller" baseAuthorityYear="1903" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="1484" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="atridorsum">
|
||
<emphasis id="648671E0B8BF03C2CB486BAB4B27AB93" italics="true" pageNumber="1484">Rattus atridorsum</emphasis>
|
||
(Miller 1903)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C8FCE3B95D8136F8D1CF701B28D1B25E" authority="(Grandidier 1899)" baseAuthorityName="Grandidier" baseAuthorityYear="1899" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="1484" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="auratus">
|
||
<emphasis id="65A0A847935E11BECFE2A6E90E16BA77" italics="true" pageNumber="1484">Rattus auratus</emphasis>
|
||
(Grandidier 1899)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57012490AA36BDDDA4295E0EEE4B6824" authority="(Peters and Doria 1881)" baseAuthorityName="Peters and Doria" baseAuthorityYear="1881" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="1484" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="beccarii">
|
||
<emphasis id="DF7BF7F2AC483B38CFBF96591FB7B0D6" italics="true" pageNumber="1484">Rattus beccarii</emphasis>
|
||
(Peters and Doria 1881)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21497938FEE80DA74629E4A0D297F316" authority="(Lloyd 1909)" baseAuthorityName="Lloyd" baseAuthorityYear="1909" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="1484" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brahminicus">
|
||
<emphasis id="683F60A8D2788A7EACFBD219333C85AB" italics="true" pageNumber="1484">Rattus brahminicus</emphasis>
|
||
(Lloyd 1909)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C9156B3BFB8DA938F37122707F9EAEA5" authority="(Crew 1923)" baseAuthorityName="Crew" baseAuthorityYear="1923" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="1484" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brookei">
|
||
<emphasis id="D9BBE8BB379E6000BB6A6FA260A8D144" italics="true" pageNumber="1484">Rattus brookei</emphasis>
|
||
(Crew 1923)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="45420BB1D50DF8780BE2DF84F2C4EBA9" authority="(Lesson 1842)" baseAuthorityName="Lesson" baseAuthorityYear="1842" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="1484" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="caeruleus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A748AF056EDBB85089EEF4483A305BD9" italics="true" pageNumber="1484">Rattus caeruleus</emphasis>
|
||
(Lesson 1842)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="47AB398E4F1E0AC9F4A48ACD8D7EF06C" authority="(Wagner 1842)" baseAuthorityName="Wagner" baseAuthorityYear="1842" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="1484" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="caledonicus">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACE8B6DBD0613F40F55B2CF330BDB66C" italics="true" pageNumber="1484">Rattus caledonicus</emphasis>
|
||
(Wagner 1842)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4BB9930D1A9EB2E1E87464D3980D2B6D" authority="(Kelaart 1850)" baseAuthorityName="Kelaart" baseAuthorityYear="1850" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="1484" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ceylonus">
|
||
<emphasis id="50B6D2EF42F59D0DEDD3A004588C1B0B" italics="true" pageNumber="1484">Rattus ceylonus</emphasis>
|
||
(Kelaart 1850)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7B7A0A1E6332CEF127C92415C90D615A" authority="(Cabrera 1921)" baseAuthorityName="Cabrera" baseAuthorityYear="1921" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="1484" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chionogaster">
|
||
<emphasis id="0F8C542CAC55AAA197AD8E7BDEF8115A" italics="true" pageNumber="1484">Rattus chionogaster</emphasis>
|
||
(Cabrera 1921)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="30D0671248F1355BD563A6ED3AE55844" authority="(Lönnberg and Mjoberg 1916)" baseAuthorityName="Lönnberg and Mjoberg" baseAuthorityYear="1916" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="1484" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chionogaster">
|
||
<emphasis id="CDF86185898879ECB0E1B941C2669477" italics="true" pageNumber="1484">Rattus chionogaster</emphasis>
|
||
(Lönnberg and Mjoberg 1916)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="38887FD1FD47CB76F04B35F9965E22FC" authority="(Philippi 1900)" baseAuthorityName="Philippi" baseAuthorityYear="1900" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="1484" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="coquimbensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="866F1DB070055F4A63F15FB79D54B731" italics="true" pageNumber="1484">Rattus coquimbensis</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="0B1821355995060461DF8BC74BB8A9DB" author="Philippi, R. A." refId="ref285342" refString="Philippi, R. A. 1900. Figuras i descripciones de los murideos de Chile. Anales de Museo Nacional de Chile, Zoologie, 14 a: 1 - 70." year="1900">Philippi 1900</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="256E8D683C78C10C486E71521FCFB914" authority="(Blyth 1859)" baseAuthorityName="Blyth" baseAuthorityYear="1859" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="1484" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="crassipes">
|
||
<emphasis id="2DC2FFE378CD6903F1612C67958F0395" italics="true" pageNumber="1484">Rattus crassipes</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="728983ECA1A4BDA2940D05AC6D3FE4C0" author="Blyth, E." refId="ref34026" refString="Blyth, E. 1859. Proceedings of the Asiatic Society: Report of the Curator, Zoological Department, for February to May Meetings, 1859. Asiatic Society of Bengal, 3: 271 - 298." year="1859">Blyth 1859</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F1A7D4B9E753C89BFF46422EC2BAF90D" authority="(Philippi 1895)" baseAuthorityName="Philippi" baseAuthorityYear="1895" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="1484" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cyaneus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E6E40477D661F1DDD8A404FBC08A12C8" italics="true" pageNumber="1484">Rattus cyaneus</emphasis>
|
||
(Philippi 1895)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E4F5CA8C93106988223F11962DCE8B8F" authority="(de Beaufort 1911)" baseAuthorityName="de Beaufort" baseAuthorityYear="1911" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="1484" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="doboensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="DEDF9A8A16983BBE699EF2598DD91A3F" italics="true" pageNumber="1484">Rattus doboensis</emphasis>
|
||
(de Beaufort 1911)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="36A5F664FF6536C630D914608F855FC9" authority="(Fitzinger 1857)" baseAuthorityName="Fitzinger" baseAuthorityYear="1857" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="1484" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="domesticus">
|
||
<emphasis id="6A20738CD1643F6CE79D95FC08D46B41" italics="true" pageNumber="1484">Rattus domesticus</emphasis>
|
||
(Fitzinger 1857)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2A411ABA853CC9A2ECA0B3938A02A251" authority="(Trouessart 1897)" baseAuthorityName="Trouessart" baseAuthorityYear="1897" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="1484" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="doriae">
|
||
<emphasis id="3C0099C8C5741E56A6DAE17F025721C6" italics="true" pageNumber="1484">Rattus doriae</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FBF12C2C0CEF1F2BF8C0AAA30E48B207" author="Trouessart, E. L." refId="ref359633" refString="Trouessart, E. L. 1897 - 1905. Catalogus mammalium tam viventium quam fossilium. Quinquennale supplementum anno 1904. [Tomus 1 - 1897; Tomus 2 - 1898; Quinquennale supplementum, fascic. 1 & 2 - 1904; fascic. 3 & 4 -- 1905]. R. Friedlander and Sohn, Berlin, 1 & 2: 1469 pp.; Quin supp: 929 pp." year="1897">Trouessart 1897</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7656949DBAB2DDBBA585F7DB82C62117" authority="(Temminck 1844)" baseAuthorityName="Temminck" baseAuthorityYear="1844" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="1484" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="erythronotus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D18C72DBA3B6E378CD83055973AD7FA4" italics="true" pageNumber="1484">Rattus erythronotus</emphasis>
|
||
(Temminck 1844)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9CE677C8BB3AD04F513765C989630856" authority="(Elliot 1839)" baseAuthorityName="Elliot" baseAuthorityYear="1839" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="1484" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="flavescens">
|
||
<emphasis id="689693250ACA8051A13ECBD2AB9DB111" italics="true" pageNumber="1484">Rattus flavescens</emphasis>
|
||
(Elliot 1839)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7D4EA7A8BD02126B207FE7E8AE57C587" authority="(Heuglin 1861)" baseAuthorityName="Heuglin" baseAuthorityYear="1861" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="1484" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="flavigaster">
|
||
<emphasis id="1C108723734B32E98A3DD5281695F77A" italics="true" pageNumber="1484">Rattus flavigaster</emphasis>
|
||
(Heuglin 1861)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CFB810FADF09D2A3F1BF3AF9C99FA6C1" authority="(Brants 1827)" baseAuthorityName="Brants" baseAuthorityYear="1827" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="1484" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="flaviventris">
|
||
<emphasis id="FE9DF7CB0E03C1F634CB69E6B30577B0" italics="true" pageNumber="1484">Rattus flaviventris</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="2B5072DA6C1676A19A84ED71229CB7F1" author="Brants, A." refId="ref40324" refString="Brants, A. 1827. Het Geslacht der muizen door Linnaeus opgesteld, volgens de tegenswoordige toestand der wetenschap in familien, geslachten en soorten verdeeld. Academische Boekdrukkerij, Berlijn, 190 pp." year="1827">Brants 1827</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6A6D32E7657D405CF417CFDB5EB77E1E" authority="(Rafinesque 1814)" baseAuthorityName="Rafinesque" baseAuthorityYear="1814" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="1484" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="frugivorus">
|
||
<emphasis id="4C6FCED4D5063C077A64D87A82D02865" italics="true" pageNumber="1484">Rattus frugivorus</emphasis>
|
||
(Rafinesque 1814)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="299159C9EC464FDD0AD03DE8821E29F2" authority="(Bonaparte 1833)" baseAuthorityName="Bonaparte" baseAuthorityYear="1833" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="1484" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fuliginosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="0D6D3FF150A826CDFB4E92F18AF09DFE" italics="true" pageNumber="1484">Rattus fuliginosus</emphasis>
|
||
(Bonaparte 1833)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1227490171E4D39C05172FD862806401" authority="(Fitzinger 1867)" baseAuthorityName="Fitzinger" baseAuthorityYear="1867" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="1484" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fulvaster">
|
||
<emphasis id="C091DC05D15E4B7491B681EE322CB0BC" italics="true" pageNumber="1484">Rattus fulvaster</emphasis>
|
||
(Fitzinger 1867)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D15E94957EF914898A1E2C655E2DA2FB" authority="(Fitzinger 1857)" baseAuthorityName="Fitzinger" baseAuthorityYear="1857" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="1484" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fuscus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E99413461F828D12075241D710073A35" italics="true" pageNumber="1484">Rattus fuscus</emphasis>
|
||
(Fitzinger 1857)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0992966C192AD04FAE2EBB4E5B802AEA" authority="(Waterhouse 1830)" baseAuthorityName="Waterhouse" baseAuthorityYear="1830" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="1484" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="galapagoensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="99DACB57E1FB7628B6873F327CBF6724" italics="true" pageNumber="1484">Rattus galapagoensis</emphasis>
|
||
(Waterhouse 1830)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F670BE5DA239A9B981482E747148A25D" authority="Hinton 1918" authorityName="Hinton" authorityYear="1918" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="1484" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="girensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="4DA0EE563CC36A360010E73673805A8A" italics="true" pageNumber="1484">Rattus girensis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C65576DD08921507CF8EA8F14642DA65" author="Hinton, M. A. C." refId="ref153770" refString="Hinton, M. A. C. 1918. Scientific results from the mammal survey. No. XVIII. Report on the house rats of India, Burma, and Ceylon. Part I. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society, 26: 59 - 88." year="1918">Hinton 1918</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D23AF77D3E6FA4CF8C58C620CA77A375" authority="(Higgins and Petterd 1883)" baseAuthorityName="Higgins and Petterd" baseAuthorityYear="1883" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="1484" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="griseocaeruleus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B67717DF685DA86ABE31619397AD1F28" italics="true" pageNumber="1484">Rattus griseocaeruleus</emphasis>
|
||
(Higgins and Petterd 1883)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0E100055DFC43D481E21FEBB168AC924" authority="(É. Geoffroy 1803)" baseAuthorityName="É. Geoffroy" baseAuthorityYear="1803" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="1484" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="indicus">
|
||
<emphasis id="4BF5C4FD43218C551E63886C6E5B2447" italics="true" pageNumber="1484">Rattus indicus</emphasis>
|
||
(É.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9AA3C7AB38FCB31500D7D7B285664CBB" author="Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, E." refId="ref118357" refString="Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, E. 1803. Catalogue des mammiferes du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle. Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, 272 pp." year="1803">Geoffroy 1803</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DFB8DEDE9D6203607D529586C67DAA43" authority="(Blylth 1863)" baseAuthorityName="Blylth" baseAuthorityYear="1863" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="1484" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="infralineatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="BBB6AC151D7AB9C88A8C13841CE5C2D8" italics="true" pageNumber="1484">Rattus infralineatus</emphasis>
|
||
(Blylth 1863)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DF590C849167703F91853917CC420D4E" authority="(Waterhouse 1838)" baseAuthorityName="Waterhouse" baseAuthorityYear="1838" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="1484" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="insularis">
|
||
<emphasis id="919C21C641FB20B08AB92BA43DA987E7" italics="true" pageNumber="1484">Rattus insularis</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="ACB210C72A06BE04E8E995E98A59ED5C" author="Waterhouse, G. R." refId="ref383195" refString="Waterhouse, G. R. 1838 [1839]. On the skull and dentition of the American badger (Meles labradoria). Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1838: 153 - 154." year="1838">Waterhouse 1838</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="700C91801105D0765907E9A4910260EB" authority="(Ninni 1882)" baseAuthorityName="Ninni" baseAuthorityYear="1882" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="1484" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="intermedius">
|
||
<emphasis id="B154AFB7FA620616C85ADB2A9BE94160" italics="true" pageNumber="1484">Rattus intermedius</emphasis>
|
||
(Ninni 1882)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="76520A4AB561B8428DACC46E5CA92E8C" authority="(Waterhouse 1838)" baseAuthorityName="Waterhouse" baseAuthorityYear="1838" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="1484" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="jacobiae">
|
||
<emphasis id="7A1B425F127B7F299C0610DDE7CC0A2B" italics="true" pageNumber="1484">Rattus jacobiae</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="3C6562E14C7F74343676EB1106283296" author="Waterhouse, G. R." refId="ref383195" refString="Waterhouse, G. R. 1838 [1839]. On the skull and dentition of the American badger (Meles labradoria). Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1838: 153 - 154." year="1838">Waterhouse 1838</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6FB97CFD55DA72942F1054CF777DCDC8" authority="(Lönnberg 1916)" baseAuthorityName="Lönnberg" baseAuthorityYear="1916" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="1484" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="jujensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="ADD092BB19E20B62CEBC29E4B38BD29F" italics="true" pageNumber="1484">Rattus jujensis</emphasis>
|
||
(Lönnberg 1916)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5751F7DDC694411945088CB1E4C21853" authority="(Burg 1921)" baseAuthorityName="Burg" baseAuthorityYear="1921" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="1484" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="jurassicus">
|
||
<emphasis id="7440B0FDE5B63ABA77B337FA4AB7223B" italics="true" pageNumber="1484">Rattus jurassicus</emphasis>
|
||
(Burg 1921)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E2AD2D6EE86B10B811293589B3B53F92" authority="(Kelaart 1850)" baseAuthorityName="Kelaart" baseAuthorityYear="1850" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="1484" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kandianus">
|
||
<emphasis id="13BCD53013228CF21FA278D634B00FC6" italics="true" pageNumber="1484">Rattus kandianus</emphasis>
|
||
(Kelaart 1850)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8B9EA5B959AB7B46129C020D8A542E46" authority="(Kelaart 1887)" baseAuthorityName="Kelaart" baseAuthorityYear="1887" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="1484" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kandiyanus">
|
||
<emphasis id="37F5DAC88BD3F6F39295B3C47334ACB7" italics="true" pageNumber="1484">Rattus kandiyanus</emphasis>
|
||
(Kelaart 1887)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8AE1A7B9E13C8C61B3B168363BBB11CE" authority="Tate 1950" authorityName="Tate" authorityYear="1950" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="1484" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="keelingensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0130C304D4DBB3D09417273CE1760F2" italics="true" pageNumber="1484">Rattus keelingensis</emphasis>
|
||
Tate 1950
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="605EB10A8017C4B734E1125DF216BFEC" authority="(Wroughton 1915)" baseAuthorityName="Wroughton" baseAuthorityYear="1915" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="1484" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kelaarti">
|
||
<emphasis id="4D182344F427827092DC49F9BD22F3DB" italics="true" pageNumber="1484">Rattus kelaarti</emphasis>
|
||
(Wroughton 1915)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C5CA2D51EF2644286D32057AB276AF17" authority="(J. A. Allen 1909)" baseAuthorityName="J. A. Allen" baseAuthorityYear="1909" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="1484" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kijabius">
|
||
<emphasis id="8985A3C6CC2CE0E4E87EA908C1113FC1" italics="true" pageNumber="1484">Rattus kijabius</emphasis>
|
||
(J. A. Allen 1909)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F0BB220031FDD886442E91C5C6F020C4" authority="(Bennett 1835)" baseAuthorityName="Bennett" baseAuthorityYear="1835" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="1484" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="latipes">
|
||
<emphasis id="6342F4BE665AB6571303E0573CBACC92" italics="true" pageNumber="1484">Rattus latipes</emphasis>
|
||
(Bennett 1835)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D982AE64D106EBE85DE5C257E9E7EE33" authority="(Pictet 1841)" baseAuthorityName="Pictet" baseAuthorityYear="1841" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="1484" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leucogaster">
|
||
<emphasis id="F0CCDDD8F5CD14AE8C695A431F4FCEF0" italics="true" pageNumber="1484">Rattus leucogaster</emphasis>
|
||
(Pictet 1841)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D45993203FFBF2CD4D9E4782E36A21A3" authority="Mori 1937" authorityName="Mori" authorityYear="1937" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="1484" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="longicaudus">
|
||
<emphasis id="FAA34DB0F4899ACDC5C636A0F0D04890" italics="true" pageNumber="1484">Rattus longicaudus</emphasis>
|
||
Mori 1937
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2ABF6F89EFE30783C83DC6F6A7FE2701" authority="(Matschie 1911)" baseAuthorityName="Matschie" baseAuthorityYear="1911" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="1484" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="muansae">
|
||
<emphasis id="E2008E12D12670803AA8BFC1119846F4" italics="true" pageNumber="1484">Rattus muansae</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="DCA6E27AC311F4B0133A77C37696C12F" author="Matschie, P." refId="ref230482" refString="Matschie, P. 1911. Uber einige Saugetiere aus Muansa am Victoria-Nyansa. Sitzungsberichte der Gesellschaft Naturforschender Freunde, Berlin, 8: 333 - 343." year="1911">Matschie 1911</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8B0A06848DDBD594BB7D13F4EE3DE870" authority="Hinton 1918" authorityName="Hinton" authorityYear="1918" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="1484" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="narbadae">
|
||
<emphasis id="DDCF4B32A66850767B126DAD3E147D73" italics="true" pageNumber="1484">Rattus narbadae</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="7398F7421C9209B1EBD06B8C426D7EA4" author="Hinton, M. A. C." refId="ref153770" refString="Hinton, M. A. C. 1918. Scientific results from the mammal survey. No. XVIII. Report on the house rats of India, Burma, and Ceylon. Part I. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society, 26: 59 - 88." year="1918">Hinton 1918</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1488A7D6FA6AD530E37B11279F249C3D" authority="(Selys Longchamps 1841)" baseAuthorityName="Selys Longchamps" baseAuthorityYear="1841" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="1484" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nemoralis">
|
||
<emphasis id="A6E712D13DB24D57D4EA6C94A796B796" italics="true" pageNumber="1484">Rattus nemoralis</emphasis>
|
||
(Selys Longchamps 1841)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7EC2CE0F97231BCA743EE4D67B056328" authority="Cabrera 1921" authorityName="Cabrera" authorityYear="1921" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="1484" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nericola">
|
||
<emphasis id="EC90305EDD633EE885F7DB6E3357E0D3" italics="true" pageNumber="1484">Rattus nericola</emphasis>
|
||
Cabrera 1921
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5AAC1C73A2D4B467B13AB797CB5C170D" authority="(Buller 1871)" baseAuthorityName="Buller" baseAuthorityYear="1871" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="1484" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="novaezelandiae">
|
||
<emphasis id="2A440B09A41604459F5C37D1B0909E89" italics="true" pageNumber="1484">Rattus novaezelandiae</emphasis>
|
||
(Buller 1871)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B4DA2B987E8E875AD8EB6CAE0019D345" authority="(Philippi 1900)" baseAuthorityName="Philippi" baseAuthorityYear="1900" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="1484" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="osorninus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B7BA6AC071C2082D039CABFC16C7B964" italics="true" pageNumber="1484">Rattus osorninus</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="59339282A20D83BAF97B15C683779225" author="Philippi, R. A." refId="ref285342" refString="Philippi, R. A. 1900. Figuras i descripciones de los murideos de Chile. Anales de Museo Nacional de Chile, Zoologie, 14 a: 1 - 70." year="1900">Philippi 1900</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7008FE9AE033565D9F0FA2B9A50ED172" authority="(Krefft 1867)" baseAuthorityName="Krefft" baseAuthorityYear="1867" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="1484" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="personatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="2C3049339FC3B467281A34161D30D305" italics="true" pageNumber="1484">Rattus personatus</emphasis>
|
||
(Krefft 1867)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="878D8E0A296937518C24D26C328B2E6A" authority="(Schinz 1845)" baseAuthorityName="Schinz" baseAuthorityYear="1845" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="1484" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="picteti">
|
||
<emphasis id="6DFD13BA08C6C135832BCF9FBC3A250C" italics="true" pageNumber="1484">Rattus picteti</emphasis>
|
||
(Schinz 1845)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0983911254174511FD20905FDA760C81" authority="(Matschie 1915)" baseAuthorityName="Matschie" baseAuthorityYear="1915" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="1484" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rattiformis">
|
||
<emphasis id="0765833821988DE1CF9E34176A424666" italics="true" pageNumber="1484">Rattus rattiformis</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F257C66081E46FE87AFFFBCCBB9350A0" author="Matschie, P." refId="ref230563" refString="Matschie, P. 1915. Zwei vermutlich neue Mause aus Deutsch-Ostafrika. Sitzungsberichte der Gesellschaft Naturforschender Freunde zu Berlin, 1915: 98 - 101." year="1915">Matschie 1915</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="00BC906C27CBF3162A98CE469943516D" authority="(Pictet and Pictet 1844)" baseAuthorityName="Pictet and Pictet" baseAuthorityYear="1844" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="1484" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rattoides">
|
||
<emphasis id="99B36EF223D4EF578ECDB5DA246633FF" italics="true" pageNumber="1484">Rattus rattoides</emphasis>
|
||
(Pictet and Pictet 1844)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B6D65A17B5A88DF092C1770E80B6EF74" authority="(Gray 1837)" baseAuthorityName="Gray" baseAuthorityYear="1837" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="1484" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rufescens">
|
||
<emphasis id="87943F558B8221DA72355C28947B19BE" italics="true" pageNumber="1484">Rattus rufescens</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="16B3B2BF2BAE51873E0E9E0520B1818C" author="Gray, J. E." refId="ref128275" refString="Gray, J. E. 1837 [1838]. On a new species of paradoxure (Paradoxurus derbianus) with remarks on some Mammalia recently purchased by the British Museum, and characters of the new species. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1837: 67." year="1837">Gray 1837</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="AEF81FF36AC2F7B95E08E8BC684542B1" authority="Ognev and Stroganov 1936" authorityName="Ognev and Stroganov" authorityYear="1936" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="1484" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ruthenus">
|
||
<emphasis id="2FB9E5B9688DCAC795915571E52B98D8" italics="true" pageNumber="1484">Rattus ruthenus</emphasis>
|
||
Ognev and Stroganov 1936
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7A19E6BB63139D10DA1F9E00ED8B8C8F" authority="(Philippi 1900)" baseAuthorityName="Philippi" baseAuthorityYear="1900" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="1484" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="saltuum">
|
||
<emphasis id="50B77E0B45233771B27240C415358876" italics="true" pageNumber="1484">Rattus saltuum</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4808C00C42B3CC1B16F9FC9821BAC32D" author="Philippi, R. A." refId="ref285342" refString="Philippi, R. A. 1900. Figuras i descripciones de los murideos de Chile. Anales de Museo Nacional de Chile, Zoologie, 14 a: 1 - 70." year="1900">Philippi 1900</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0DD06DF10951F452F3CFD0DCF51B00D5" authority="(Heuglin 1877)" baseAuthorityName="Heuglin" baseAuthorityYear="1877" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="1484" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="samharensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="6F39FF79A1F7460EB667017ADAD16DB1" italics="true" pageNumber="1484">Rattus samharensis</emphasis>
|
||
(Heuglin 1877)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="971164BA7A6995FAABE1FEDCAAA828D9" authority="(Lund 1841)" baseAuthorityName="Lund" baseAuthorityYear="1841" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="1484" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="setosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="5761A106496DA5BA649D1219683627E2" italics="true" pageNumber="1484">Rattus setosus</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="41973B3AA727D858288A7BD34495168F" author="Lund, P. W." refId="ref217532" refString="Lund, P. W. 1841. Blik paa Brasiliens Dyreverden for sidste Jordomvaeltning. Tredie Afhandling: Fortsaettelse af Pattedyrene. Konigelige Danske Videnskabernes Selskabs Afhandlinger, Kjobenhavn, 8: 219 - 272, pls. 14 - 24." year="1841">Lund 1841</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DA5E92C89561227EDFE9FEAF555D9AB7" authority="(Lesson 1827)" baseAuthorityName="Lesson" baseAuthorityYear="1827" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="1484" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="siculae">
|
||
<emphasis id="1283D71BFA9D5A8BEC0C8B60A24B8E42" italics="true" pageNumber="1484">Rattus siculae</emphasis>
|
||
(Lesson 1827)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="134097BF1ADBB70863D6C62533B623A8" authority="(Lesson 1842)" baseAuthorityName="Lesson" baseAuthorityYear="1842" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="1484" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="subcaeruleus">
|
||
<emphasis id="EA110F072D49B2BB9B2454939A6FFBE2" italics="true" pageNumber="1484">Rattus subcaeruleus</emphasis>
|
||
(Lesson 1842)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="ED1D06C7C18DA7DF558016E4F8648DCB" authority="(Philippi 1900)" baseAuthorityName="Philippi" baseAuthorityYear="1900" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="1484" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="subrufus">
|
||
<emphasis id="50DA8D74EFAE19E719FF31F15C7706F7" italics="true" pageNumber="1484">Rattus subrufus</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AEDEA9C03884B3C56A4AFF8783E2C473" author="Philippi, R. A." refId="ref285342" refString="Philippi, R. A. 1900. Figuras i descripciones de los murideos de Chile. Anales de Museo Nacional de Chile, Zoologie, 14 a: 1 - 70." year="1900">Philippi 1900</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9FBCEF21AF58945CC7A407576FEF1B04" authority="Cabrera 1921" authorityName="Cabrera" authorityYear="1921" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="1484" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sueirensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="CB8414D11F39775FD414A66561BFE076" italics="true" pageNumber="1484">Rattus sueirensis</emphasis>
|
||
Cabrera 1921
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7203560458D7ADC35E00C4A74D1FA7C4" authority="(Pictet 1841)" baseAuthorityName="Pictet" baseAuthorityYear="1841" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="1484" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sylvestris">
|
||
<emphasis id="314A38AD7D25048F7A73DD673A66190A" italics="true" pageNumber="1484">Rattus sylvestris</emphasis>
|
||
(Pictet 1841)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E5CEC11263943765387EF9BF186F29D9" authority="(Savi 1825)" baseAuthorityName="Savi" baseAuthorityYear="1825" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="1484" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tectorum">
|
||
<emphasis id="DE07830D5FF7C876C78212133DB3C858" italics="true" pageNumber="1484">Rattus tectorum</emphasis>
|
||
(Savi 1825)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="97DEB423C93CDBCF97AAFEB2C509E897" authority="(Kelaart 1850)" baseAuthorityName="Kelaart" baseAuthorityYear="1850" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="1484" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tetragonurus">
|
||
<emphasis id="AE77D0AE02E52534ED3F28725296539E" italics="true" pageNumber="1484">Rattus tetragonurus</emphasis>
|
||
(Kelaart 1850)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6F4AF04324736FFCF8D752FF7C125D02" authority="(Peters 1852)" baseAuthorityName="Peters" baseAuthorityYear="1852" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="1484" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tettensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="DFCA893CB41924AC57046DFA214E509D" italics="true" pageNumber="1484">Rattus tettensis</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E8DF97611DAE3806AF97F3EEE11ADDDE" author="Peters, W. C. H." refId="ref282132" refString="Peters, W. C. H. 1852. Reise nach Mossambique. I. Saugethiere. Druck & Verlag, Berlin, 202 pp." year="1852">Peters 1852</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0FEF5514C23422C804B0EC8CC54321C8" authority="(Ramsay 1881)" baseAuthorityName="Ramsay" baseAuthorityYear="1881" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="1484" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tompsoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="2B6F988662DF713DA7D2B6413F3A41DC" italics="true" pageNumber="1484">Rattus tompsoni</emphasis>
|
||
(Ramsay 1881)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A3B880FACCD2E4168F22944E520EBC25" authority="(Higgins and Petterd 1883)" baseAuthorityName="Higgins and Petterd" baseAuthorityYear="1883" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="1484" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="variabilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B82F4D9A4EB227851E1E48E025C42945" italics="true" pageNumber="1484">Rattus variabilis</emphasis>
|
||
(Higgins and Petterd 1883)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F6D6AFC0A80C046D13D1E10256DA5016" authority="(Fitzinger 1867)" baseAuthorityName="Fitzinger" baseAuthorityYear="1867" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="1484" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="varius">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97F84DAD832EE46C624558F05792E08" italics="true" pageNumber="1484">Rattus varius</emphasis>
|
||
(Fitzinger 1867)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9334E29C5FBDAB038E8E5F668C198363" authority="Hinton 1919" authorityName="Hinton" authorityYear="1919" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="1484" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="wroughtoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="D621C20AB4F7015423B9E374C63FD2DE" italics="true" pageNumber="1484">Rattus wroughtoni</emphasis>
|
||
Hinton 1919
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="1EB542FA554B0290E373512D77DD2F60" pageNumber="1484" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="AF011F49074F1C9A3CA970A8C5B2799B" pageNumber="1484">
|
||
<emphasis id="32EA53DB7977A93A6E45A8D18F5E4706" inLineHeading="true" pageNumber="1484">Distribution:</emphasis>
|
||
Native to Indian Peninsula (Niethammer, 1975) and introduced worldwide in the temperate zone and parts of the tropical and subantarctic zones (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="719632FB91B92BFF8E4781E0F6229415" author="Alcover, J. A. & J. Gosalbez" refId="ref3952" refString="Alcover, J. A., and J. Gosalbez. 1988. Estudio comparado de la fauna de micromamiferos de las Islas Baleares y Pitiusas. Bulletin d'Ecologie, 19 (2 - 3): 321 - 328." year="1988">Alcover and Gosalbez, 1988</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="8563CAC46E726E54E7C55B5BEF8C8529" author="Al-Jumaily, M. M." refId="ref4335" refString="Al-Jumaily, M. M. 1998. Review of the mammals of the Republic of Yemen. Fauna of Arabia, 17: 477 - 502." year="1998">Al-Jumaily, 1998</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Amoti et al., 1999;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="82801B95F0188DF883D264B47F0CE371" author="Andreotti, A. & N. Baccetti & A. Perfetti & M. Besa & P. Genovesi & V. Guberti" refId="ref10185" refString="Andreotti, A., N. Baccetti, A. Perfetti, M. Besa, P. Genovesi, and V. Guberti. 2001. Mammiferi e uccelli esotici in Italia: Analisi del fenomeno, impatto sulla biodiversita e linee guida gestionali. Quaderni Di Conservazione Della Natura, 2, Ministero dell'Ambiente Servizio Conservazione Natura-Istituto Nazionale per la Fauna Selvatica " A. Ghigi ", 189 pp." year="2001">Andreotti et al., 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="16D7723F77E182CE2070FDF303DE0F74" author="Armitage, P. L." refId="ref13492" refString="Armitage, P. L. 1994. Unwelcome companions: Ancient rats reviewed. Antiquity, 68: 231 - 240." year="1994">Armitage, 1994</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="1CC3D1016526BD879695D7245D2CD543" author="Aulagnier, S. & M. Thevenot" refId="ref15625" refString="Aulagnier, S., and M. Thevenot. 1986. Catalogue des mammiferes sauvages du Maroc. Travaux de l'Institut Scientifique, Serie Zoologie, 41: 1 - 164." year="1986">Aulagnier and Thevenot, 1986</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="CF94A6977766B34937A109AC989FFF38" author="Becker, K." refId="ref25660" refString="Becker, K. 1978 a. Rattus rattus (Linnaeus, 1758) -- Hausratte (HR). Pp. 382 - 400, in Handbuch der Saugetiere Europas (J. Niethammer and F. Krapp, eds.). Akademische Verlagsgesellschaft (Wiesbaden), 1: 1 - 476." year="1978">
|
||
Becker, 1978
|
||
<emphasis id="1F5F36031ADC74372C91B6E524A23117" italics="true" pageNumber="1484">a</emphasis>
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Blaaderen, 1992;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="88E927878D745EC953CDA7E3F5B6598F" author="Corbet, G. B. & J. E. Hill" refId="ref67955" refString="Corbet, G. B., and J. E. Hill. 1992. Mammals of the Indomalayan region. A systematic review. Oxford University Press, Oxford, 488 pp." year="1992">Corbet and Hill, 1992</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="88290591007FEDE4EDF8138D84959360" author="Crawford-Cabral, J." refId="ref70924" refString="Crawford-Cabral, J. 1998. The Angolan rodents of the superfamily Muroidea: An account of their distribution. Instituto de Investigacao Cientifica Tropical, Estudos, Ensaios e Documentos, 161: 223 pp." year="1998">Crawford-Cabral, 1998</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
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<emphasis id="E906AF0CF9591AFC0E8C5949B1E8AA23" italics="true" pageNumber="1484">j</emphasis>
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</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="E8F517F79D580D4DBC2A286A214DA898" author="Yosida, T. H." refId="ref401448" refString="Yosida, T. H. 1980. Cytogenetics of the black rat: Karyotype evolution and species differentiation. University of Tokyo Press, Tokyo, 256 pp." year="1980">Yosida, 1980</bibRefCitation>
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; Yosida et al., 1985). Southernmost limit is the subantarctic Macquarie Isl where
|
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<taxonomicName id="C2DCFD667A7613500A68FE3BDB5B5916" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Mus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rattus">
|
||
<emphasis id="AFEEC4BD99EE978B65B4099DBFCACC7D" italics="true" pageNumber="1484">R. rattus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was introduced by sealers during the 19th century (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="437147AF04A5285EB1B755B39286FB1F" author="Pye, T. & R. Swain & R. D. Seppelt" refId="ref294039" refString="Pye, T., R. Swain, and R. D. Seppelt. 1999. Distribution and habitat use of the feral black rat (Rattus rattus) on subantarctic Macquarie Island. Journal of the Zoological Society of London, 247: 429 - 438." year="1999">Pye et al., 1999</bibRefCitation>
|
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).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="731067EBEE56E57F4279063F072FC8D9" pageNumber="1484" type="conservation">
|
||
<paragraph id="A2E171F7163F4A6C61FD8A412F8149F4" pageNumber="1484">
|
||
<emphasis id="490439C347D3C508BECECC32460DE111" inLineHeading="true" pageNumber="1484">Conservation:</emphasis>
|
||
<collectionCode id="FEF3BCB2091921539640F74A63F49B8F">IUCN</collectionCode>
|
||
– Lower Risk (lc).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="6CDBC97C6480CFF888A006736ABF8E2A" pageNumber="1484" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="9FE7367536C10E74921D5948C88E49FF" pageNumber="1484">
|
||
<emphasis id="519E384D7FD47D11FB860C7F4C9D55D3" inLineHeading="true" pageNumber="1484">Discussion:</emphasis>
|
||
<paragraph id="2A67D7B436660E234504E5AE2D3FF601" pageNumber="1484">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8BE88D2C8CC4AC8354DC19E32AAD953F" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rattus">
|
||
<emphasis id="15F2F09499BE4E6A9FE91F54787B05AA" italics="true" pageNumber="1484">Rattus rattus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species group. Numerous cytogenetic studies focusing on the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DD68AA64EC523A01E4606414553DCB42" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rattus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D5224E6F06E5CC184A510C678FBF8331" italics="true" pageNumber="1484">R. rattus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
complex, as summarized by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E8292405E5DB1245D720B777346B5874" author="Baverstock, P. R. & M. Adams & L. R. Maxson & T. H. Yosida" refId="ref24868" refString="Baverstock, P. R., M. Adams, L. R. Maxson, and T. H. Yosida. 1983 c. Genetic differentiation among karyotypic forms of the black rat, Rattus rattus. Genetics, 105: 969 - 983." year="1983">
|
||
Baverstock et al. (1983
|
||
<emphasis id="E82B5D2ACFC07F52FCD29B17ACC5CE4C" italics="true" pageNumber="1484">c</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E5AA67E925FDE616B421F88D7DCCA745" author="Bekasova, T. S. & O. N. Mezhova" refId="ref26065" refString="Bekasova, T. S., and O. N. Mezhova. 1983. Karyotypes of rats of the genus Rattus from the USSR. Experientia, 39: 541 - 542." year="1983">Bekasova and Mezhova (1983)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, Niethammer (1975), and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F4149CFAE7FC5EDF0B7295C55DAB1E99" author="Yosida, T. H." refId="ref401448" refString="Yosida, T. H. 1980. Cytogenetics of the black rat: Karyotype evolution and species differentiation. University of Tokyo Press, Tokyo, 256 pp." year="1980">Yosida (1980)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, have revealed two basic groups of populations. The Oceanian or European type has 2n = 38 (
|
||
<quantity id="0D55C8D8B2BD1726850B706B5683EE1F" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.016" unit="in" value="40.0">40 in</quantity>
|
||
some), the Asian type is characterized by 2n = 42; the two are also distinguished by biochemical features (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E294759CBAB990EFF09BFCC526B908D5" author="Baverstock, P. R. & M. Adams & L. R. Maxson & T. H. Yosida" refId="ref24868" refString="Baverstock, P. R., M. Adams, L. R. Maxson, and T. H. Yosida. 1983 c. Genetic differentiation among karyotypic forms of the black rat, Rattus rattus. Genetics, 105: 969 - 983." year="1983">
|
||
Baverstock et al., 1983
|
||
<emphasis id="61B3C3AFAE3C60B5F627B8D349FAD1C9" italics="true" pageNumber="1484">c</emphasis>
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) as well as morphological traits (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="382DC859512DC14F139E433715E22E3E" author="Schwabe, H. W." refId="ref321679" refString="Schwabe, H. W. 1979. Vergleichend-allometrische Untersuchungen an den Schadeln europaischer und asiatischer Hausratten (Rattus rattus L.). Zeitschrift fur Saugetierkunde, 44: 354 - 360." year="1979">Schwabe, 1979</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). An ongoing taxonomic study of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6941AEA8B3D6AA151CF882DC28CB1649" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rattus">
|
||
<emphasis id="BBFBC10BCFE4AF9BFD1F10DD8ED7BC68" italics="true" pageNumber="1484">Rattus rattus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
complex by K. Aplin and H. Suzuki and their collaborators, has confirmed that separateness of the 2n = 38 populations (based on samples from four continents, but not yet including Indian samples) from the various East and Southeast Asian populations (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="13F87C376C1CAC35BDB7D669EF6D493B" author="Aplin, K. P. & P. R. Brown & J. Jacob & C. J. Krebs & G. R. Singleton" refId="ref12223" refString="Aplin, K. P., P. R. Brown, J. Jacob, C. J. Krebs, and G. R. Singleton. 2003 c. Field methods for rodent studies in Asia and the Indo-Pacific. ACIAR Monograph 100, ACIAR, Canberra, 223 pp." year="2003">
|
||
Aplin et al., 2003
|
||
<emphasis id="197ECFEFE0962706C521BDE7AEFE3D5A" italics="true" pageNumber="1484">c</emphasis>
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Moreover, their studies indicate that the widespread ‘introduced’ populations are genetically all very similar, consistent with progressive lineage restriction as a result of multiple founder effects (K. Aplin, in litt., 2004). Where the Asian type is indigenous, the Oceanian form is restricted to ports or on ships in harbor. Both chromosomal kinds apparently occur together without evidence of interbreeding on the Polynesian island of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="6DDC05395DB6976EFAEF00BD2F5B3067" name="Fiji">Fiji</collectingCountry>
|
||
(Yosida et al., 1985), but do hybridize in the laboratory (usually producing sterile offspring) and on the South Pacific islands of Chichijima and Eniwetok (with apparent introgression). The biological status of the two kinds is best summarized by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="091740F166F0285F6E9082FF5C6E17F2" author="Baverstock, P. R. & M. Adams & L. R. Maxson & T. H. Yosida" refId="ref24868" refString="Baverstock, P. R., M. Adams, L. R. Maxson, and T. H. Yosida. 1983 c. Genetic differentiation among karyotypic forms of the black rat, Rattus rattus. Genetics, 105: 969 - 983." year="1983">
|
||
Baverstock et al. (1983
|
||
<emphasis id="7279E7CBED23858C7E114E9F810D7244" italics="true" pageNumber="1484">c</emphasis>
|
||
:978)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, who noted that if "the chromosomal, electrophoretic and laboratory hybridization data are considered together, it seems that the 2n = 38 and 2n = 42 forms are best considered as incipient species. Where they meet, they may introgress, become sympatric without interbreeding or one may replace the other depending upon the prevailing biological conditions," a view earlier espoused by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="2AF9A134ABA81A95C5AADB806894B832" author="Capanna, E." refId="ref50426" refString="Capanna, E. 1974. A re-statement of the problem of chromosomal polymorphism in Rattus rattus (L.). Pp. 223 - 235, in Symposium Theriologicum II, Proceedings of the International Symposium on Species and Zoogeography of European Mammals held in Brno, Czechoslovakia on 22 nd to 26 th November 1971 (J. Kratochvil and R. Obrtel, eds.). Academia Publishing house of the Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences (Praha), 394 pp." year="1974">Capanna (1974)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C9E6F0455E9651243707F9ACE14173B5" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rattus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1144ADDF710D599BFC80EC16707AD5DE" italics="true" pageNumber="1484">Rattus rattus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is the name for the 2n = 38/40 group, and we list it as a species separate from the 2n = 42 form, for which the oldest name is apparently
|
||
<taxonomicName id="83347019D4098ABBD3A9B1D79F1119BE" authorityName="Temminck" authorityYear="1844" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tanezumi">
|
||
<emphasis id="67810BF364BBF8ECD352886153EF878F" italics="true" pageNumber="1484">R. tanezumi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(see that account).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="B67AEDA0ABC9E706EC5ABAF59FE43593" pageNumber="1484">
|
||
Populations on
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F493F2F91FE71892747E3A6CF179D4C2" name="Sri Lanka">Ceylon</collectingCountry>
|
||
are unique among
|
||
<taxonomicName id="54F48078656E947504D61D2EC672C3FD" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rattus">
|
||
<emphasis id="3D435853D55AB422A98E578AE38ACC91" italics="true" pageNumber="1484">R. rattus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in that most highland samples exhibit 2n = 40 ("Ceylonese type"; found nowhere else within the range of the species), lowland samples have 2n = 38, and hybrids (2n = 39) occur in both regions (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="BEC6D85A2BEB19CA67E853BDBE89FB9D" author="Yosida, T. H. & K. Moriwaki & H. Kato & K. Tsuchiya & M. Sabaratnam & K. D. Arulpragasam & H. E. Fernando" refId="ref401699" refString="Yosida, T. H., K. Moriwaki, H. Kato, K. Tsuchiya, M. Sabaratnam, K. D. Arulpragasam, and H. E. Fernando. 1979. Notes on the distribution of the Ceylonese type black rats in Sri Lanka. Proceedings of the Japan Academy, 55, Ser. B (7): 351 - 356." year="1979">Yosida et al., 1979</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Detailed analyses of chromosomal and biochemical traits have been used to characterize these Ceylonese populations, extent of hybridization in the laboratory and field, and evolutionary origin of the 2n = 40 configuration in context of phylogenetic relationship to typical peninsular Indian
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F10445F44D52C4032D1C4F81B04CEE91" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rattus">
|
||
<emphasis id="9F62AD74BA828AD95CD1DB8E7C38D0B3" italics="true" pageNumber="1484">R. rattus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="0EF7D833DFBFF99DDD6C5E6907714B93" author="Yosida, T. H." refId="ref401287" refString="Yosida, T. H. 1977. Karyologic studies on hybrids between Asian, Ceylonese, and Oceanian type black rats, with a note on an XO female occurring in the F 2 generation. Cytogenetics and Cell Genetics, 19: 262 - 272." year="1977">Yosida, 1977</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AE7416EA345FAE26F83F795F2046855A" author="Yosida, T. H." refId="ref401365" refString="Yosida, T. H. 1978 b. An XXY male appeared in the F 2 hybrids between Oceanian and Ceylonese type black rats. Proceedings of the Japan Academy, 54, Ser. B (3): 121 - 124." year="1978">
|
||
1978
|
||
<emphasis id="FF26A954293B3861F0838574F1E4EDA4" italics="true" pageNumber="1484">b</emphasis>
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, 1979, 1980;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="10CA10064835A15630695C6EAE0CF074" author="Yosida, T. H. & K. Moriwaki & H. Kato & K. Tsuchiya & T. Sagai & T. Sadaie" refId="ref401641" refString="Yosida, T. H., K. Moriwaki, H. Kato, K. Tsuchiya, T. Sagai, and T. Sadaie. 1974. Studies on the karyotype and serum transferrin in the Ceylon black rat, Rattus rattus, having 40 chromosomes. Cytologia, 39: 753 - 758." year="1974">Yosida et al., 1974</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D6E99CE274707849EF4448677D68DBFD" pageNumber="1484">
|
||
Historically, three color phases have been considered as subspecies with their own geographic distributions:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1CBD18F6655E3FB3F91C444A68506F9C" baseAuthorityName="Desmarest" baseAuthorityYear="1819" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="alexandrinus">
|
||
<emphasis id="F4E4732E7420B1F5B59FD62CCF9A340E" italics="true" pageNumber="1484">alexandrinus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(grayish brown dorsum, pure white venter),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BA615B30378A904CB77D59756AD6BD92" baseAuthorityName="Rafinesque" baseAuthorityYear="1814" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="frugivorus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1D4D4F4C3A9323587C90A8404E69270F" italics="true" pageNumber="1484">frugivorus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(grayish brown dorsum and gray through grayish buff to slate-gray venter), and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="107C7D16A310CBFB76449ED670CD9E4F" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rattus">
|
||
<emphasis id="BEF2F21C862EA9971818486FA39F6120" italics="true" pageNumber="1484">rattus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(ranging from grayish black upperparts merging into slate-gray underparts to completely melanistic coats). Nearly 140 years ago, de L’isle (1865) determined through breeding experiments that all three morphs interbreed freely, can even be found in the same litter, and signal color polymorphism within a single species, not intraspecific geographic variation, results substantiated by subsequent research and observations (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="BD4DDF1BCB059F6286786DA8F8301226" author="Feldman, H. W." refId="ref99709" refString="Feldman, H. W. 1926. Unit character inheritance of color in the black rat, Mus rattus L. Genetics, 11: 456 - 465." year="1926">Feldman, 1926</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="8B2FFDB35BB8F4EAE9A73589D67EAAA2" author="Grubb, P. & T. S. Jones & A. G. Davies & E. Edberg & E. D. Starin & J. E. Hill" refId="ref134571" refString="Grubb, P., T. S. Jones, A. G. Davies, E. Edberg, E. D. Starin, and J. E. Hill. 1998. Mammals of Ghana, Sierra Leone and The Gambia. The Trendrine Press, Cornwall, 265 pp." year="1998">Grubb et al., 1998</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, and references cited therein;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="44EBF96A475536E0D309CC74EE88995D" author="Hinton, M. A. C." refId="ref153770" refString="Hinton, M. A. C. 1918. Scientific results from the mammal survey. No. XVIII. Report on the house rats of India, Burma, and Ceylon. Part I. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society, 26: 59 - 88." year="1918">Hinton, 1918</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C986EA699F297165C37D225E7267BF6C" author="Johnson, D. H." refId="ref174319" refString="Johnson, D. H. 1946 b. The rat population of a newly established military base in the Solomon Islands. United States Naval Medical Bulletin, 46: 1628 - 1632." year="1946">
|
||
Johnson, 1946
|
||
<emphasis id="D681A2FCC163F59FB94D1884A6E3879C" italics="true" pageNumber="1484">b</emphasis>
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="428C8D9FB6222816965190A711303811" author="Johnson, D. H." refId="ref174391" refString="Johnson, D. H. 1962 a. Rodents and other Micronesian mammals collected. IV. A. Pp. 21 - 38, in Pacific island rat ecology. Report of a study made on Ponape and adjacent islands, 1955 - 1958 (T. I. Storer, ed.). Bernice P. Bishop Museum Bulletin, 225: 1 - 274." year="1962">
|
||
1962
|
||
<emphasis id="9528098134B5FFDEBF957FC96322E0B8" italics="true" pageNumber="1484">a</emphasis>
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4DC9296A37D0A78426C75D6BCF8868BE" author="Jones, J. K., Jr. & D. H. Johnson" refId="ref176621" refString="Jones, J. K., Jr., and D. H. Johnson. 1965. Synopsis of the lagomorphs and rodents of Korea. University of Kansas Publications, Museum of Natural History, 16: 357 - 407." year="1965">Jones and Johnson, 1965</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="0A16CE9935AAA4CD9AF4B6DD0D307B35" author="Rosevear, D. R." refId="ref310288" refString="Rosevear, D. R. 1969. The rodents of West Africa. Trustees of the British Museum (Natural History), London, 677: 1 - 604." year="1969">Rosevear, 1969</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="CED21AEAB9770D9BC2A0346A1279CD9A" author="Tomich, P. Q." refId="ref357714" refString="Tomich, P. Q. 1968. Coat color in wild populations of the roof rat in Hawaii. Journal of Mammalogy, 49 (1): 74 - 82." year="1968">Tomich, 1968</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F5D35D7EA60037F15D2D1ABE1EE8C596" author="Tomich, P. Q." refId="ref357747" refString="Tomich, P. Q. 1986. Mammals in Hawai'i: A synopsis and notational bibliography. Second ed. Bernice P. Bishop Museum Special Publications, 76: 1 - 375." year="1986">1986</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="87DDE0DAF16B5692C59C76E418913CD9" author="Tomich, P. Q. & H. T. Kami" refId="ref357782" refString="Tomich, P. Q., and H. T. Kami. 1966. Coat color inheritance of the roof rat in Hawaii. Journal of Mammalogy, 47 (3): 423 - 431." year="1966">Tomich and Kami, 1966</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; see color plate in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="CBFD296B8EDF33F37839A415A9E16EAB" author="Innes, J. G." refId="ref165975" refString="Innes, J. G. 1990. Ship rat. Pp. 206 - 225, in The handbook of New Zealand mammals (C. M. King, ed.). Oxford University Press, Auckland: 1 - 600." year="1990">Innes, 1990</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B24E2AB4AF5CBAF02190F700D1E5E749" author="Prakash, I. & P. Singh & A. Saravanan" refId="ref292819" refString="Prakash, I., P. Singh, and A. Saravanan. 1995 a. Small mammals of the Abu Hill, Aravalli Ranges in Rajasthan, India. A comprehensive taxonomic and ecological study. Journal of Pure and Applied Zoology, 5 (1): 55 - 64." year="1995">
|
||
Prakash et al. (1995
|
||
<emphasis id="9F5641A1E8EBFBA0A912B46B3588B26A" italics="true" pageNumber="1484">a</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
recorded ecology and distribution of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="70150A1832CD0FD32D1A61723858ABD3" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="rattus" subSpecies="alexandrinus">
|
||
<emphasis id="C0AB770199D3DFC07E4D4E00CA94D00A" italics="true" pageNumber="1484">R. rattus alexandrinus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the Aravalli Ranges in
|
||
<collectingRegion id="8B64725F841BB0C1944A1238DECCFA69" country="India" name="Rajasthan">Rajasthan</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="6FF84E9617FE4D1DB512953380F82D1A" name="India">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
, could not distinguish differences between what had been called
|
||
<taxonomicName id="89A7B2108FD192707906612AFF4D0105" baseAuthorityName="Gray" baseAuthorityYear="1837" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rufescens">
|
||
<emphasis id="C26E7F44043BD7B5A9BE6DD30C0F9F31" italics="true" pageNumber="1484">rufescens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and the "
|
||
<taxonomicName id="44951FEF84C2700ED724E3A07633F4DE" baseAuthorityName="Desmarest" baseAuthorityYear="1819" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="alexandrinus">
|
||
<emphasis id="AA1F3E90CBFF952807B4909CE8D595C7" italics="true" pageNumber="1484">alexandrinus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
" color phase of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C5960FEF560791F50AA70947DE50B3A6" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rattus">
|
||
<emphasis id="05EA1CAF314B87901FC10CCF3DD0D444" italics="true" pageNumber="1484">R. rattus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and synonymized the two.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="151E7471CE7C749DE4A7D7B30D830892" pageNumber="1484">
|
||
Allocation of five synonyms requires explanation.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D304D0915BDBC1C46AAF1891A9427741" author="Musser, G. G. & D. Califia" refId="ref252286" refString="Musser, G. G., and D. Califia. 1982. Results of the Archbold Expeditions. No. 106. Identities of rats from Pulau Maratua and other islands off East Borneo. American Museum Novitates, 2726: 1 - 30." year="1982">Musser and Califia (1982)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
listed
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DA128796E4A526B271FA6D680FD6A438" authorityName="Tate" authorityYear="1950" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="keelingensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="8AE5B246A238C94E0C6D6AE2A2093714" italics="true" pageNumber="1484">keelingensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as a synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0B8F7E47CBEBABDFB71D2D65120A7B4B" baseAuthorityName="Jentink" baseAuthorityYear="1880" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="diardii">
|
||
<emphasis id="61ECCA2CBBA841070E1F8AE22B7060C9" italics="true" pageNumber="1484">diardii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which is included in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A0034BC4595F8BAD5AFE6A1D61857F92" authorityName="Temminck" authorityYear="1844" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tanezumi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B7ABC85DF8EC2D1C174C3EFAEAC23E82" italics="true" pageNumber="1484">R. tanezumi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(see that account); Musser reexamined the
|
||
<typeStatus id="FD9DDEBED98CFB7E31A1104954129C70">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
and part of the type series collected from Pulau Tikus in the Cocos-Keeling Isls and now realizes they are introduced
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2F2D64A22764B0F43F0F7EEE960116BB" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rattus">
|
||
<emphasis id="EE7983776A35BC78D765817A003872A8" italics="true" pageNumber="1484">R. rattus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Both 2n = 42 and 2n = 38 have been attributed to specimens identified as Indian
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C77B1FD9102B3E07F09C0C37E6083D49" authorityName="Hinton" authorityYear="1919" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="wroughtoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="65B7E1F216232079D3710F118157A40C" italics="true" pageNumber="1484">wroughtoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the Mysore region (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="42C4BD33CD27E0FC82D111806470961B" author="Gadi, I. K. & T. Sharma" refId="ref110647" refString="Gadi, I. K., and T. Sharma. 1983. Cytogenetic relationships in Rattus, Cremnomys, Millardia, Nesokia and Bandicota. Genetica, 61: 21 - 40." year="1983">Gadi and Sharma, 1983</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="CDA4C7CA5001DD5D7AF3273D69EAF0EA" author="Lakhotia, S. C. & S. R. V. Rao & S. C. Jhanwar" refId="ref203163" refString="Lakhotia, S. C., S. R. V. Rao, and S. C. Jhanwar. 1973. Studies on rodent chromosomes VI. Co-existence of Rattus rattus with 38 and 42 chromosomes in South Western India. Cytologia, 38: 403 - 410." year="1973">Lakhotia et al., 1973</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="42639AFCF68050F6E40371F1A9621AA5" author="Raman, R. & T. Sharma" refId="ref296759" refString="Raman, R., and T. Sharma. 1977. Karyotype evolution and speciation in genus Rattus Fischer. Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research, 36: 385 - 404." year="1977">Raman and Sharma, 1977</bibRefCitation>
|
||
); the
|
||
<typeStatus id="5EE7CFCB1C190F021E92E95FB980B55E">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
and
|
||
<typeStatus id="C23C81AC46AA74CFC52E85A191231D14">paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
are examples of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="94D337BF4E2E6643BCDD402C9F511E20" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rattus">
|
||
<emphasis id="EF9CB8170E43511910CC42E491FFEDB8" italics="true" pageNumber="1484">R. rattus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Corbet, in litt., 2003; Musser’s study of types and material at
|
||
<collectionCode id="F7A999327DE0F5644C77C572775C8401">BMNH</collectionCode>
|
||
), which accords with 2n = 38 recorded for most of the specimens; the individuals with 2n = 42 are likely
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1DB5E8D91E3DCE06D91D8003B78CE7DF" authorityName="Hinton" authorityYear="1918" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="satarae">
|
||
<emphasis id="CC7BFEECFCDD800049DB1C8FD9A8F0C5" italics="true" pageNumber="1484">R. satarae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(see that account).
|
||
<typeStatus id="B882BA8B524F9BE171AC0B6BF8A3C4C3">Holotypes</typeStatus>
|
||
of Hinton’s (1918) Indian
|
||
<taxonomicName id="43CC8E307ED68D923563A12620912007" authorityName="Hinton" authorityYear="1918" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="girensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="5B9A07AB9762FF1E8BF06437D4519E9A" italics="true" pageNumber="1484">girensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4964E914149BE23FE2D109A93080AD8C" authorityName="Hinton" authorityYear="1918" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="narbadae">
|
||
<emphasis id="E1DF5AC2AB2D7CD111CF60592CE7832B" italics="true" pageNumber="1484">narbadae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and most of the specimens in
|
||
<collectionCode id="C9BF154AF506D0507C9D0095B87F5132">BMNH</collectionCode>
|
||
identified as these taxa represent
|
||
<taxonomicName id="60C2C5FED394C9859A899D837561A703" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rattus">
|
||
<emphasis id="BEF12476CC70FCD96A77B8028522F01B" italics="true" pageNumber="1484">R. rattus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Musser’s study of the specimens); material in the
|
||
<collectionCode id="FB0C42C1DF3699093C5F23EDA88511F3">BMNH</collectionCode>
|
||
identified by Hinton as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B274201A4150EA5716C60CCD5AA38744" baseAuthorityName="Horsfield" baseAuthorityYear="1851" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="arboreus">
|
||
<emphasis id="29946C9D096DE283803EEB93CD13EAC8" italics="true" pageNumber="1484">arboreus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
also sample populations of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5CBAD610EDE7BF035E4EB7226F361862" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rattus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1460DA176664B5D8E054454892FB28AB" italics="true" pageNumber="1484">R. rattus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2C196DE950D60AB5B72E421A8210B6AA" pageNumber="1484">
|
||
Several recent studies elucidate regional colonization history, geographic distribution, and systematics of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="22A257024B8E8D275F09C61B27374E33" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rattus">
|
||
<emphasis id="F93C7534AAF8161C52933AB99D47211A" italics="true" pageNumber="1484">R. rattus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: genetic diversity within and between W Mediterranean island populations (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5D6DF346F181A25EE7628814D58D747B" author="Cheylan, G. & L. Granjon & J. Britton-Davidian" refId="ref60595" refString="Cheylan, G., L. Granjon, and J. Britton-Davidian. 1998. Distribution of genetic diversity within and between western Mediterranean island populations of the black rat Rattus rattus (L. 1758). Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 63: 393 - 408." year="1998">Cheylan et al., 1998</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5CA16DC0F08ADF51B7D21EE523454A5D" author="Cheylan, G." refId="ref60554" refString="Cheylan, G. 1999. Evolution rapide de petites populations insulaires meditterraneennes de Rattus rattus. Monografies de la Societat D'Historia Natural de las Balears, 6 / Monografia de L'Institut D'Estudis Balearics, 66: 83 - 104." year="1999">Cheylan, 1999</bibRefCitation>
|
||
); morphometric analysis of population from Congreso Isl, and comparison to nearby Iberian mainland populations (Ventura and López-Fuster, 2000); osteometric analysis of archaeological samples from the XIV and XVIIth centuries on Lavezzi Isl (off the coast of S
|
||
<collectingCountry id="EAD538084BF52EF88C3899FDA428C250" name="France">Corsica</collectingCountry>
|
||
), and comparison with recent samples from the island and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="C0321A6ADBBB824A65F712D16C2F21F2" name="France">Corsica</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="80183B69691DCF535E9763765DFDEAD7" author="Vigne, J. - D. & G. Cheylan & L. Granjon & J. - C. Auffray" refId="ref372751" refString="Vigne, J. - D., G. Cheylan, L. Granjon, and J. - C. Auffray. 1993. Evolution osteometrique de Rattus rattus et de Mus musculus domesticus sur de petites iles: Comparison de populations medievales et actuelles des iles Lavezzi (Corse) et de Corse. Mammalia, 57 (1): 85 - 98." year="1993">Vigne et al., 1993</bibRefCitation>
|
||
); analyses of chromosomes and mtDNA restriction patterns comparing samples from islands in the Mediterranean and Atlantic with mainland Europe and Africa (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A10F99FE44267FD393F1E7DC74371016" author="Libois, R. & J. Torrico & M. G. Ramalhinho & J. Michaux & R. Fons & M. L. Mathias" refId="ref211958" refString="Libois, R., J. Torrico, M. G. Ramalhinho, J. Michaux, R. Fons, and M. L. Mathias. 1996. Les populations de rats noirs insulaires de l'ouest de l'Europe. Essai preliminaire de caracterisation genetique (caryotype et AND mitochondrial). Vie Milieu, 46 (3 / 4): 213 - 218." year="1996">Libois et al., 1996</bibRefCitation>
|
||
); morphometric study comparing samples from the
|
||
<collectingRegion id="3DB804ED482D557B088F0CC816BE40BF" country="Portugal" name="Acores">Azores</collectingRegion>
|
||
with a continental sample (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9AAB186C7A755B05AA0DEA4169A9965C" author="Ramalhinho, M. G. & M. L. Mathias & M. Santos-Reis & R. Libois & R. Fons & F. Petrucci-Fonseca & M. M. Oom & M. Collares-Pereira" refId="ref296638" refString="Ramalhinho, M. G., M. L. Mathias, M. Santos-Reis, R. Libois, R. Fons, F. Petrucci-Fonseca, M. M. Oom, and M. Collares-Pereira. 1996. First approach on the skull morphology of the black rat (Rattus rattus) from Terceira and Sao Miguel Islands (Azores Archipelago). Vie Milieu, 46 (3 / 4): 245 - 251." year="1996">Ramalhinho et al., 1996</bibRefCitation>
|
||
); analysis and interpretation of archaeological samples from medieval (XIIIth Century)
|
||
<collectingCountry id="147C49A0D67D886DD3AD4A9CAFB89598" name="Portugal">Portugal</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="97AD9DA28847EA8FA5CE85D63E9C1584" author="Morales, A. & J. Rodriguez" refId="ref246393" refString="Morales, A., and J. Rodriguez. 1997. Black rats (Rattus rattus) from medieval Mertola (Baixo Alentejo, Portugal). Journal of the Zoological Society of London, 241: 623 - 642." year="1997">Morales and Rodriguez, 1997</bibRefCitation>
|
||
); historical interpretation of presence in Eolian Arch. (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E5E2FD7E861A383BD8C7A03C61581822" author="Cristaldi, M. & G. Amori" refId="ref71273" refString="Cristaldi, M., and G. Amori. 1988. Perspectives pour une interpretation historique des populations eoliennes de rongeurs. Bulletin d'Ecologie, 19 (2 - 3): 171 - 176." year="1988">Cristaldi and Amori, 1988</bibRefCitation>
|
||
); genetic and morphological divergence among introduced populations in the Galápagos Arch. (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FB3DF04B93E5101D534B045AC6E4B13D" author="Patton, J. L. & S. Y. Yang & P. Myers" refId="ref276367" refString="Patton, J. L., S. Y. Yang, and P. Myers. 1975. Genetic and morphologic divergence among introduced rat populations (Rattus rattus) of the Galapagos Archipelago, Ecuador. Systematic Zoology, 24: 296 - 310." year="1975">Patton et al., 1975</bibRefCitation>
|
||
); systematics of Turkish samples based upon chromosomal and morphological traits (Yi it et al., 1998); assessment and review of swimming ability in context of potential for colonizing tropical oceanic islands (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="408CA46D06219CEBB1C473026E9A7B23" author="Spennemann, D. H. R. & G. Rapp" refId="ref336338" refString="Spennemann, D. H. R., and G. Rapp. 1989. Can rats colonise oceanic islands unaided? An assessment and review of the swimming capabilities of the genus Rattus with particular reference to tropical waters. Zoologische Abhandlungen Staatlichen Museum fur Tierkunde Dresden, 45 (7): 81 - 91." year="1989">Spennemann and Rapp, 1989</bibRefCitation>
|
||
); review of Korean population (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E634AD388E3574883CD470DE42483AD7" author="Jones, J. K., Jr. & D. H. Johnson" refId="ref176621" refString="Jones, J. K., Jr., and D. H. Johnson. 1965. Synopsis of the lagomorphs and rodents of Korea. University of Kansas Publications, Museum of Natural History, 16: 357 - 407." year="1965">Jones and Johnson, 1965</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="7F78C5066A322FEA0FDA406FFAF07CF6" author="Won, C. & K. G. Smith" refId="ref393193" refString="Won, C., and K. G. Smith. 1999. History and current status of mammals of the Korean Peninsula. Mammal Review, 29 (1): 3 - 33." year="1999">Won and Smith, 1999</bibRefCitation>
|
||
); status and role in Baltic region (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6124B408820316EBFDE2C633F05C8236" author="Miljutin, A." refId="ref241590" refString="Miljutin, A. 1997. Ecomorphology of the Baltic rodents: Body form, ecological strategies and adaptive evolution. Folia Theriologica Estonica, 3: 1 - 111." year="1997">Miljutin, 1997</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C8A3B0703A673DAC39210C378011BAD7" author="Miljutin, A." refId="ref241621" refString="Miljutin, A. 1998. Ecological strategies of the Baltic rodents. Proceedings of the Latvian Academy of Sciences, Section B, 52 (1 / 2): 20 - 30." year="1998">1998</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A0EAB7EAB066AE965580B9970654E197" author="Timm, U. & V. Pilats & L. Balciauskas" refId="ref356772" refString="Timm, U., V. Pilats, and L. Balciauskas. 1998. Mammals of the East Baltic. Proceedings of the Latvian Academy of Sciences. Section B, 52 (594 / 595): 1 - 9." year="1998">Timm et al., 1998</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="0E97EC5D8A830B2A9E2383B3A16213B4" pageNumber="1484">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="798A96F36A36DABD0AC4F845704044AB" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rattus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D6FFB12248394E66FBA853105FBC71B0" italics="true" pageNumber="1484">Rattus rattus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is unknown in Europe before the Holocene (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="52A5B57C0217E11D1AD719C13A5A8010" author="Kowalski, K." refId="ref195964" refString="Kowalski, K. 2001. Pleistocene rodents of Europe. Folia Quaternaria, 72: 3 - 389." year="2001">Kowalski, 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), and may have reached Mediterranean Europe by pre-Roman times (4000-2300 years BC) along ancient trade routes from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="2C543EFFBE8D8E77C65E7B2A9868314C" name="India">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
through the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7FF8DFE618BE9E51E62920E053D041C1" authority="Valley" authorityName="Valley" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Gerbillus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="indus">Indus Valley</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="23A33931FDC470A25419063081176BE7" name="Iraq">Mesopotamia</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6DA1C24A43E0CAD5BFD93E841CD4478B" author="Armitage, P. L." refId="ref13492" refString="Armitage, P. L. 1994. Unwelcome companions: Ancient rats reviewed. Antiquity, 68: 231 - 240." year="1994">Armitage, 1994</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Toškan and Kryštufek, in press). The species already occupied (apparently as a commensal) coastal regions of N
|
||
<collectingCountry id="87BC9EC4268358FDA67C25666110356E" name="Israel">Israel</collectingCountry>
|
||
by the Epipalaeolithic, about 15,000 years ago (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="216572E0C38C4D8592D45F298E5B32B1" author="Tchernov, E." refId="ref349408" refString="Tchernov, E. 1968. Succession of rodent faunas during the Upper Pleistocene of Israel. Mammalia Depicta, 3: 152 pp." year="1968">Tchernov, 1968</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6B5AEDE744E1A23BC9C8D6321180D5AD" author="Tchernov, E." refId="ref349675" refString="Tchernov, E. 1996. Rodent faunas, chronostratigraphy and paleobiogeography of the southern Levant during the Quaternary. Acta Zoologica Cracoviensia, 39 (1): 513 - 530." year="1996">1996</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), and so was part of the Levant fauna since just before end of the Pleistocene. There is also a record of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="539B63EAAD0C58D14C04F36F224FA527" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rattus">
|
||
<emphasis id="04702C7807CAEB7F0C8E78E5D196D7BC" italics="true" pageNumber="1484">R. rattus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from a cold interval in middle Pleistocene cave sediments of Turkish Thrace (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="99167C74F58FA68D2F760679328B9B94" author="Santel, W. & W. von Koenigswald" refId="ref316358" refString="Santel, W., and W. von Koenigswald. 1998. Preliminary report on the middle Pleistocene small mammal fauna from Yarimburgaz cave in Turkish Thrace. Eiszeitalter und Gegenwart, 48: 162 - 168." year="1998">Santel and Koenigswald, 1998</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). By the fourth century AD, the roof rat was in Britain and associated with Roman occupation (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="3D945F64F0A59E94A768FFC78D18F13B" author="Armitage, P. L." refId="ref13492" refString="Armitage, P. L. 1994. Unwelcome companions: Ancient rats reviewed. Antiquity, 68: 231 - 240." year="1994">Armitage, 1994</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="0070F8574BE1134B0F19F21B6E2386C2" author="Yalden, D." refId="ref397167" refString="Yalden, D. 1999. The history of British mammals. Academic Press, London, 305 pp." year="1999">Yalden, 1999</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The earliest known record of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="38DE165861608FE212A5069A8A382B2D" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rattus">
|
||
<emphasis id="DB28907071F67E8E7E3D5FB419F5529A" italics="true" pageNumber="1484">R. rattus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the Americas comes from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="1FA245FE7FB7952BBC7474F586E528CF" name="Haiti">Haiti</collectingCountry>
|
||
, at the site of
|
||
<emphasis id="939E616EF509EF73AF44D894AA40D681" italics="true" pageNumber="1484">La Navidad</emphasis>
|
||
, the "first Spanish settlement in the New World, established by Columbus on
|
||
<date id="AE88917184F1A62904582FE4085481D2" value="1492-12-26">
|
||
December 26
|
||
<sup id="D651C57B821EF2FA0F89EE81442AACA5" pageNumber="1484">th</sup>
|
||
, 1492
|
||
</date>
|
||
"; by the late 1500s, the species was established along coasts of North, Central, and South America (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="BE7CC04FD386F258D6B25E439F44E280" author="Armitage, P. L." refId="ref13462" refString="Armitage, P. L. 1993. Commensal rats in the New World, 1492 - 1992. Biologist, 40 (4): 174 - 178." year="1993">Armitage, 1993:174-175</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E4D1FF8C67C742C171F15B43A1AB9D72" pageNumber="1484">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DE15FC7489E55914440C605493C79E7D" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rattus">
|
||
<emphasis id="5B918FE49CF4E223222C3FCE22081757" italics="true" pageNumber="1484">Rattus rattus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, not the Asian
|
||
<taxonomicName id="850BB99BFD6990B5883E0545C14EE939" authorityName="Temminck" authorityYear="1844" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tanezumi">
|
||
<emphasis id="984FAE1089479393759A7116F926F34B" italics="true" pageNumber="1484">R. tanezumi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, also occurs on
|
||
<collectingCountry id="BDC2AFEE04825C26FDB11AD073810797" name="Madagascar">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
|
||
(Duplantier et al., 2003; Musser’s research). The species may have accompanied the first human immigrants to
|
||
<collectingCountry id="4EB257DDB263C2413A8D54BC3C96277D" name="Madagascar">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
|
||
about 2000 years ago with speculated transport through
|
||
<collectingCountry id="78D3738EBB11E6E09741E60CFB92DAD7" name="Tanzania">Zanzibar</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="08CEE3EBF1539CA20DAB356474AC265D" name="Comoros">Comoros</collectingCountry>
|
||
islands to
|
||
<collectingCountry id="175EA11F928C69FCA516EA094FC747C3" name="Madagascar">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
|
||
, the same sea route used by Arab traders that facilitated the introduction of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BD3730A5C5C06248AAA9B55278CA9DF8" baseAuthorityName="Hutterer and Tranier" baseAuthorityYear="1990" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Suncus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="murinus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92534051A32D72FBA8701A404B7C14D" italics="true" pageNumber="1484">Suncus murinus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4B32190BCB98F96BC8127978FE157922" author="Duplantier, J. - M. & J. - B. Duchemin" refId="ref90174" refString="Duplantier, J. - M., and J. - B. Duchemin. 2003. Introduced small mammals and their ectoparasites: A description of their colonization and its consequences. Pp. 1191 - 1194, in The natural history of Madagascar (S. M. Goodman and J. P. Benstead, eds.). University of Chicago Press, Chicago and London, xix + 1709 pp." year="2003">Duplantier and Duchemin, 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C2EFC19147A1C4BED710691B21086010" author="Hutterer, R. & M. Tranier" refId="ref164410" refString="Hutterer, R., and M. Tranier. 1990. The immigration of the Asian house shrew Suncus murinus into Africa and Madagascar. Pp. 309 - 319, in Vertebrates in the Tropics (G. Peters and R. Hutterer, eds.). Museum Alexander Koenig, Bonn, 424 pp." year="1990">Hutterer and Tranier, 1990</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="350406D157F6EA3C38BF5C40F5909CA6" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rattus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D89F9D73BE7A6881DD16AF7F98F4B88A" italics="true" pageNumber="1484">Rattus rattus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
presently occurs everywhere on
|
||
<collectingCountry id="4CDEA02E60D4C5773BAA7F85F321AA19" name="Madagascar">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
|
||
, "... homes, fields, and forests, from sea level up to elevations of more than
|
||
<quantity id="DDFDF6D49CB708B1472BC94DFE669027" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.4" unit="m" value="2400.0">2400 m</quantity>
|
||
" (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="24416A6038EFC1643F04BC88CECFA2D6" author="Duplantier, J. - M. & J. - B. Duchemin" refId="ref90174" refString="Duplantier, J. - M., and J. - B. Duchemin. 2003. Introduced small mammals and their ectoparasites: A description of their colonization and its consequences. Pp. 1191 - 1194, in The natural history of Madagascar (S. M. Goodman and J. P. Benstead, eds.). University of Chicago Press, Chicago and London, xix + 1709 pp." year="2003">Duplantier and Duchemin, 2003:1191</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Its distribution over the island and along altitudinal transects, as well as associations with different forest formations and anthropogenic habitats has been extensively documented by recent faunal surveys (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="7BE8A049C78D24D3AA9BDF440C6C22F4" author="Carleton, M. D. & S. M. Goodman" refId="ref51825" refString="Carleton, M. D., and S. M. Goodman. 2000. Rodents of the Parc National de Marojejy, Madagascar. Pp. 231 - 263, in A Floral and faunal inventory of the Parc National de Marojejy, Madagascar: With reference to elevational variation (S. M. Goodman, ed.). Fieldiana: Zoology, n. s., 97: 285 pp." year="2000">Carleton and Goodman, 2000</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="08C9389C4FB21880B8C95E904B23DFFC" author="Goodman, S. M. & A. Andrianarimisa & L. E. Olson & V. Soarimalala" refId="ref124930" refString="Goodman, S. M., A. Andrianarimisa, L. E. Olson, and V. Soarimalala. 1996 a. Patterns of elevational distribution of birds and small mammals in the humid forest of Montagne d'Ambre, Madagascar. Ecotropica, 2: 87 - 98." year="1996">
|
||
Goodman et al., 1996
|
||
<emphasis id="A3547153B40E369DD5A585244CF67FFF" italics="true" pageNumber="1484">a</emphasis>
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="A3EE472CEE4C3F2CF8934BA40CE205AE" italics="true" pageNumber="1484">b</emphasis>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="70B7AE319644F7C9EBA64E1588399275" author="Carleton, M. D. & S. M. Goodman" refId="ref51718" refString="Carleton, M. D., and S. M. Goodman. 1996. Systematic studies of Madagascar's endemic rodents (Muroidea: Nesomyinae): A new genus and species from the Central Highlands. Fieldiana: Zoology, n. s., 85: 231 - 256." year="1996">Goodman and Carleton, 1996</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, 1998;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="05817E8FFF443E5150894C153825C9F8" author="Stephenson, P. J." refId="ref339962" refString="Stephenson, P. J. 1995. Small mammal microhabitat use in lowland rain forest of north-east Madagascar. Acta Theriologica, 40 (4): 425 - 438." year="1995">Stephenson, 1995</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Relationship between the introduced
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DDFE11DF2B1DE32F76BAFA77DCB8929A" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rattus">
|
||
<emphasis id="AA9A9CBCBD198A088B9863287E6D83C7" italics="true" pageNumber="1484">R. rattus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and nesomyine rodents, tenrecs and small-bodied lemurs in the context of protecting that endemic and unique assemblage (particularly competition between nesomyines and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="26D34C47CF5DD5BCAACC631A100C15CA" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rattus">
|
||
<emphasis id="8542DBDE4767C06C992236741284A453" italics="true" pageNumber="1484">R. rattus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and possible elimination of the former by the introduced murine) is explicitly addressed by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E872728B4F9FEB55B239EE71ECFED775" author="Goodman, S. M." refId="ref124456" refString="Goodman, S. M. 1995. Rattus on Madagascar and the dilemma of protecting the endemic rodent fauna. Conservation Biology, 9: 450 - 453." year="1995">Goodman (1995)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="23FAFCF2F5C8D6F1BF19344E6D84A8B9" author="Ramanamanjato, J. - B. & J. U. Ganzhorn" refId="ref296793" refString="Ramanamanjato, J. - B., and J. U. Ganzhorn. 2001. Effects of forest fragmentation, introduced Rattus rattus and the role of exotic tree plantations and secondary vegetation for the conservation of an endemic rodent and a small lemur in littoral forests of southeastern Madagascar. Animal Conservation, 4: 175 - 183." year="2001">Ramanamanjato and Ganzhorn (2001)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="77F6AE0D4DAF1D7E7354C4830F02C985" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rattus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D61E43EFDE167FFCD66CC517F50F6D4A" italics="true" pageNumber="1484">Rattus rattus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, not any of the native nesomyines, is also a reservoir for plague, which has been present in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E77D0B85DBBADE0BC18495AA4E2AE5F8" name="Madagascar">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
|
||
for at least a century, and is restricted to two foci above
|
||
<quantity id="B799F377925BC53D054806D58448E12E" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" unit="m" value="800.0">800 m</quantity>
|
||
(Duplantier et al., 2003)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |