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<mods:title id="501A439656D1AC0FDD28385D2FA7C1BE">New generic synonyms amongst Thysanoptera Phlaeothripinae listed from Europe and the Mediterranean area</mods:title>
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<treatment id="B65D8799691AC076FF7AFD57FD0A0A89" ID-GBIF-Taxon="223535940" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B65D8799691AC076FF7AFD57FD0A0A89" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/B65D8799691AC076FF7AFD57FD0A0A89" lastPageNumber="149" pageId="3" pageNumber="149">
<subSubSection id="76EE6504691AC076FF7AFD57FD400DF0" box="[151,732,689,716]" pageId="3" pageNumber="149" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="3E4B368F691AC076FF7AFD57FD400DF0" blockId="3.[151,1437,689,1461]" box="[151,732,689,716]" pageId="3" pageNumber="149">
<heading id="650381E3691AC076FF7AFD57FD400DF0" bold="true" box="[151,732,689,716]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="149" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="F9F44D0C691AC076FF7AFD57FD400DF0" ID-CoL="4GNZ" authority="Ramakrishna &amp; Margabandhu 1931" authorityName="Ramakrishna &amp; Margabandhu" authorityYear="1931" box="[151,732,689,716]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Euryaplothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="149" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="0C80EA9D691AC076FF7AFD57FD400DF0" bold="true" box="[151,732,689,716]" pageId="3" pageNumber="149">
<emphasis id="0C80EA9D691AC076FF7AFD57FED20DF0" bold="true" box="[151,334,689,716]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="149">Euryaplothrips</emphasis>
Ramakrishna &amp; Margabandhu
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="76EE6504691AC076FF7AFD31FEBC0DD3" box="[151,288,727,751]" pageId="3" pageNumber="149" type="description">
<paragraph id="3E4B368F691AC076FF7AFD31FEBC0DD3" blockId="3.[151,1437,689,1461]" box="[151,288,727,751]" pageId="3" pageNumber="149">
(
<figureCitation id="A6CF2A0A691AC076FF72FD31FE840DD3" box="[159,280,727,751]" captionStart="FIGURES 8–16" captionStartId="2.[151,264,1622,1646]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1598]" captionTargetId="figure-15@2.[151,1436,181,1598]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 8–16. European problem genera. Bebelothrips flavicinctus 8–10: (8) head; (9) tergites IX–X; (10) antenna. (11) Brachythrips flavicornis holotype. (12) Brachythrips dirghavadana head and pronotum. Euryaplothrips crassus 13–15: (13) head and pronotum; (14) prosternites; (15) antenna. (16) Haplothrips angusticornis meso &amp; metanota – arrows indicate tegula." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10843078" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10843078/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="149">Figs 13–15</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="76EE6504691AC076FF7AFD10FCA80C32" box="[151,820,758,782]" pageId="3" pageNumber="149" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="3E4B368F691AC076FF7AFD10FCA80C32" blockId="3.[151,1437,689,1461]" box="[151,820,758,782]" pageId="3" pageNumber="149">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="1EE411A1691AC076FF7AFD10FCA80C32" box="[151,820,758,782]" pageId="3" pageNumber="149">
<treatmentCitation id="BF55109E691AC076FF7AFD10FCAC0C32" author="Ramakrishna, T. V. &amp; Margabandhu, V." box="[151,816,758,782]" page="1037" pageId="3" pageNumber="149" year="1931">
<taxonomicName id="F9F44D0C691AC076FF7AFD10FCAC0C32" ID-CoL="4GNZ" authority="Ramakrishna &amp; Margabandhu, 1931: 1037" authorityName="Ramakrishna &amp; Margabandhu" authorityPageNumber="1037" authorityYear="1931" box="[151,816,758,782]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Euryaplothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="149" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="0C80EA9D691AC076FF7AFD10FEA40C32" box="[151,312,758,782]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="149">Euryaplothrips</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="5A654B7E691AC076FEAAFD10FCAC0C32" author="Ramakrishna, T. V. &amp; Margabandhu, V." box="[327,816,758,782]" pageId="3" pageNumber="149" pagination="1025 - 1040" refId="ref2998" refString="Ramakrishna, T. V. &amp; Margabandhu, V. (1931) Notes on Indian Thysanoptera with brief descriptions of new species. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society, 34, 1025 - 1040." type="journal article" year="1931">Ramakrishna &amp; Margabandhu, 1931: 1037</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="76EE6504691AC076FCACFD11FE670C11" pageId="3" pageNumber="149" type="type_taxon">
<paragraph id="3E4B368F691AC076FCACFD11FE670C11" blockId="3.[151,1437,689,1461]" pageId="3" pageNumber="149">
<typeStatus id="E14F882D691AC076FCACFD11FCEA0C33" box="[833,886,759,783]" pageId="3" pageNumber="149">Type</typeStatus>
species
<taxonomicName id="F9F44D0C691AC076FC32FD10FEC10C11" ID-CoL="3D32S" authority="Ramakrishna &amp; Margabandhu" authorityName="Ramakrishna &amp; Margabandhu" authorityYear="1931" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Euryaplothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="149" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="crassus">
<emphasis id="0C80EA9D691AC076FC32FD10FB430C32" box="[991,1247,758,782]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="149">Euryaplothrips crassus</emphasis>
Ramakrishna &amp; Margabandhu
</taxonomicName>
, by monotypy.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="76EE6504691AC076FF7AFCDFFD0A0A89" pageId="3" pageNumber="149" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="3E4B368F691AC076FF7AFCDFFD0A0A89" blockId="3.[151,1437,689,1461]" pageId="3" pageNumber="149">
The single species placed in this genus was described from Coimbatore in southern
<collectingCountry id="46E3761F691AC076FBC9FCDFFBC10C6D" box="[1060,1117,825,849]" name="India" pageId="3" pageNumber="149">India</collectingCountry>
, taken in the flowering heads of a species of
<taxonomicName id="F9F44D0C691AC076FED3FCBBFE5C0C49" ID-CoL="T8M" box="[318,448,861,885]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Amaranthaceae" genus="Amaranthus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="3" pageNumber="149" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="0C80EA9D691AC076FED3FCBBFE5C0C49" box="[318,448,861,885]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="149">Amaranthus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The original authors distinguished this genus from
<taxonomicName id="F9F44D0C691AC076FC17FCBBFA8A0C49" ID-CoL="8GQB" box="[1018,1302,861,885]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Haplothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="149" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Trybomiella">
<emphasis id="0C80EA9D691AC076FC17FCBBFBE70C49" box="[1018,1147,861,885]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="149">Haplothrips</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="0C80EA9D691AC076FB61FCBBFA910C49" box="[1164,1293,861,885]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="149">Trybomiella</emphasis>
)
</taxonomicName>
by the head being broader than long, a condition that is emphasised by the older slide-mounted specimens being contracted and slightly crushed (
<figureCitation id="A6CF2A0A691AC076FEBEFC43FE380C81" box="[339,420,933,957]" captionStart="FIGURES 8–16" captionStartId="2.[151,264,1622,1646]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1598]" captionTargetId="figure-15@2.[151,1436,181,1598]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 8–16. European problem genera. Bebelothrips flavicinctus 8–10: (8) head; (9) tergites IX–X; (10) antenna. (11) Brachythrips flavicornis holotype. (12) Brachythrips dirghavadana head and pronotum. Euryaplothrips crassus 13–15: (13) head and pronotum; (14) prosternites; (15) antenna. (16) Haplothrips angusticornis meso &amp; metanota – arrows indicate tegula." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10843078" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10843078/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="149">Fig. 13</figureCitation>
). Subsequently,
<bibRefCitation id="5A654B7E691AC076FDBBFC43FD610C81" author="Priesner, H." box="[598,765,933,957]" pageId="3" pageNumber="149" pagination="1 - 549" refId="ref2921" refString="Priesner, H. (1965) A monograph of the Thysanoptera of the Egyptian deserts. Publications de l'Institut Desert d'Egypte, 13, 1 - 549. [published in 1965, the front cover of the volume bears the date 1960 whereas the back cover indicates 1964, although the manuscript went to the publisher on 1 st October 1951 teste Herman Priesner to Laurence Mound at Linz, Austria, in 1966]" type="journal article" year="1965">Priesner (1965)</bibRefCitation>
further distinguished the genus because the outer apex of the fore femora is “somewhat reflexed and carinate”. Neither of these character states provides a robust generic distinction. The head of the
<typeStatus id="E14F882D691AC076FEA9FC0BFE3D0B39" box="[324,417,1005,1029]" pageId="3" pageNumber="149" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
of
<taxonomicName id="F9F44D0C691AC076FE28FC0BFC7C0B39" ID-CoL="6LD9Q" authority="Mound &amp; Minaei (2007)" authorityName="Mound &amp; Minaei" authorityYear="2007" box="[453,992,1005,1029]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Haplothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="149" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gomphrenae">
<emphasis id="0C80EA9D691AC076FE28FC0BFD4D0B39" box="[453,721,1005,1029]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="149">Haplothrips gomphrenae</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="5A654B7E691AC076FD35FC0BFC7C0B39" author="Mound, L. A. &amp; Minaei, K." box="[728,992,1005,1029]" pageId="3" pageNumber="149" pagination="2919 - 2978" refId="ref2635" refString="Mound, L. A. &amp; Minaei, K. (2007) Australian insects of the Haplothrips lineage (Thysanoptera - Phlaeothripinae). Journal of Natural History, 41, 2919 - 2978. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222930701783219" type="journal article" year="2007">Mound &amp; Minaei (2007)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
from northern
<collectingCountry id="46E3761F691AC076FB6CFC0BFB7F0B39" box="[1153,1251,1005,1029]" name="Australia" pageId="3" pageNumber="149">Australia</collectingCountry>
is no longer than wide, although in many of the
<typeStatus id="E14F882D691AC076FE36FBF7FDDD0B15" box="[475,577,1041,1065]" pageId="3" pageNumber="149" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
the head is clearly longer than wide. The fore femoral apex in this species is also thickened, protruding slightly on the external margin, and the host plant is also a member of the
<taxonomicName id="F9F44D0C691AC076FB47FBD3FACF0B71" ID-CoL="68Z" box="[1194,1363,1077,1101]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Amaranthaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="3" pageNumber="149" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Amaranthaceae</taxonomicName>
. There are specimens of
<taxonomicName id="F9F44D0C691AC076FEBDFBBFFDD40B4D" ID-CoL="3D32S" authorityName="Ramakrishna &amp; Margabandhu" authorityYear="1931" box="[336,584,1113,1137]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Euryaplothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="149" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="crassus">
<emphasis id="0C80EA9D691AC076FEBDFBBFFDD40B4D" box="[336,584,1113,1137]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="149">Euryaplothrips crassus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the Senckenberg Museum from
<collectingCountry id="46E3761F691AC076FC53FBBFFB970B4C" box="[958,1035,1113,1136]" name="Yemen" pageId="3" pageNumber="149">Yemen</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="46E3761F691AC076FBF8FBBFFBF30B4D" box="[1045,1135,1113,1137]" name="Ethiopia" pageId="3" pageNumber="149">Ethiopia</collectingCountry>
and the
<collectingCountry id="46E3761F691AC076FB27FBBFFAD90B4D" box="[1226,1349,1113,1137]" name="Cape Verde" pageId="3" pageNumber="149">Cape Verde</collectingCountry>
islands, and in the Natural History Museum, London, there are specimens of this species from plants of
<taxonomicName id="F9F44D0C691AC076FB73FB9BFB420BA8" ID-CoL="PST" box="[1182,1246,1149,1172]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Amaranthaceae" genus="Aerva" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="3" pageNumber="149" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="0C80EA9D691AC076FB73FB9BFB420BA8" box="[1182,1246,1149,1172]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="149">Aerva</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="F9F44D0C691AC076FB01FB9BFA090BA9" ID-CoL="68Z" box="[1260,1429,1149,1173]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Amaranthaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="3" pageNumber="149" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Amaranthaceae</taxonomicName>
) in
<collectingCountry id="46E3761F691AC076FF5BFB47FF710B85" box="[182,237,1185,1209]" name="India" pageId="3" pageNumber="149">India</collectingCountry>
(Coimbatore &amp; Madras),
<collectingCountry id="46E3761F691AC076FDE2FB47FDF50B85" box="[527,617,1185,1209]" name="Pakistan" pageId="3" pageNumber="149">Pakistan</collectingCountry>
(near Peshawar),
<collectingCountry id="46E3761F691AC076FCD9FB47FCEB0B85" box="[820,887,1185,1209]" name="Sudan" pageId="3" pageNumber="149">Sudan</collectingCountry>
(Wad Medani) and
<collectingCountry id="46E3761F691AC076FBB5FB47FB040B85" box="[1112,1176,1185,1209]" name="Egypt" pageId="3" pageNumber="149">Egypt</collectingCountry>
(Kom Ombo). Most of the available specimens are dark and uncleared, but in
<specimenCount id="28F2FD06691AC076FD03FB23FCFA0BE1" box="[750,870,1221,1245]" count="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="149" type="female">one female</specimenCount>
from
<taxonomicName id="F9F44D0C691AC076FC47FB23FC760BE0" ID-CoL="PST" box="[938,1002,1221,1244]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Amaranthaceae" genus="Aerva" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="3" pageNumber="149" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="0C80EA9D691AC076FC47FB23FC760BE0" box="[938,1002,1221,1244]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="149">Aerva</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
at Madras the basantra are visible (
<figureCitation id="A6CF2A0A691AC076FA9CFB23FF290A3D" captionStart="FIGURES 8–16" captionStartId="2.[151,264,1622,1646]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1598]" captionTargetId="figure-15@2.[151,1436,181,1598]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 8–16. European problem genera. Bebelothrips flavicinctus 8–10: (8) head; (9) tergites IX–X; (10) antenna. (11) Brachythrips flavicornis holotype. (12) Brachythrips dirghavadana head and pronotum. Euryaplothrips crassus 13–15: (13) head and pronotum; (14) prosternites; (15) antenna. (16) Haplothrips angusticornis meso &amp; metanota – arrows indicate tegula." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10843078" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10843078/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="149">Fig. 14</figureCitation>
). Kaomud Tyagi of Kolkata,
<collectingCountry id="46E3761F691AC076FE14FB0FFDAC0A3D" box="[505,560,1257,1281]" name="India" pageId="3" pageNumber="149">India</collectingCountry>
kindly confirmed the presence of the following character states on more recent specimens that are available to her: prosternal basantra present; metathoracic sternopleural sutures absent. These two conditions are typical of members of the genus
<taxonomicName id="F9F44D0C691AC076FD65FAD7FC950A75" ID-CoL="4TLK" box="[648,777,1329,1353]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Haplothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="149" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="0C80EA9D691AC076FD65FAD7FC950A75" box="[648,777,1329,1353]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="149">Haplothrips</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Since no other character states have been found to distinguish this genus,
<taxonomicName id="F9F44D0C691AC076FEFFFAB3FE2F0A51" ID-CoL="4GNZ" authorityName="Ramakrishna &amp; Margabandhu, 1931:" authorityYear="1037" box="[274,435,1365,1389]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Euryaplothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="149" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="0C80EA9D691AC076FEFFFAB3FE2F0A51" box="[274,435,1365,1389]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="149">Euryaplothrips</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is here considered a
<emphasis id="0C80EA9D691AC076FD74FAB3FCA80A51" bold="true" box="[665,820,1365,1389]" pageId="3" pageNumber="149">new synonym</emphasis>
of the genus
<taxonomicName id="F9F44D0C691AC076FC25FAB3FA840A51" ID-CoL="4TLK" authority="Amyot &amp; Serville." authorityName="Amyot &amp; Serville." box="[968,1304,1365,1389]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Haplothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="149" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="0C80EA9D691AC076FC25FAB3FBD50A51" box="[968,1097,1365,1389]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="149">Haplothrips</emphasis>
Amyot &amp; Serville.
</taxonomicName>
The species
<taxonomicName id="F9F44D0C691AC076FF7AFA9FFD590AAD" ID-CoL="5VGQC" authority="(Ramakrishna &amp; Margabandhu)" authorityName="Mound" authorityYear="2024" baseAuthorityName="Ramakrishna &amp; Margabandhu" box="[151,709,1401,1425]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Haplothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="149" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="crassus" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis id="0C80EA9D691AC076FF7AFA9FFEF20AAD" box="[151,366,1401,1425]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="149">Haplothrips crassus</emphasis>
(Ramakrishna &amp; Margabandhu)
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="0C80EA9D691AC076FD26FA9FFCB90AAD" bold="true" box="[715,805,1401,1425]" pageId="3" pageNumber="149">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="17B357E6691AC076FD26FA9FFCB90AAD" box="[715,805,1401,1425]" pageId="3" pageNumber="149" rank="species">comb.n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
is thus interpreted as a rather large but short-headed species of the
<taxonomicName id="F9F44D0C691AC076FF36FA7BFE6A0A89" ID-CoL="8GQB" box="[219,502,1437,1461]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Haplothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="149" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Trybomiella">
<emphasis id="0C80EA9D691AC076FF36FA7BFEC00A89" box="[219,348,1437,1461]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="149">Haplothrips</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="0C80EA9D691AC076FE81FA7BFE710A89" box="[364,493,1437,1461]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="149">Trybomiella</emphasis>
)
</taxonomicName>
species group.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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