143 lines
15 KiB
XML
143 lines
15 KiB
XML
<document id="C424B9A94CADBA0007875938006BE8F5" ID-CLB-Dataset="5854" ID-DOI="10.1206/3846.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="5952fb20-23c6-4cd8-bafb-bc3a5f365fb1" ID-ISSN="0003-0082" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4598312" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1615481217644" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Gunnell, Gregg F., Butler, Percy M., Greenwood, Marjorie & Simmons, Nancy B." docDate="2015" docId="B62087D7143BFF88FD8689ABFE6D1290" docLanguage="en" docName="AmMusNovit.2015.3846.1-35.pdf.imf" docOrigin="American Museum Novitates 2015 (3846)" docSource="http://www.bioone.org/doi/10.1206/3846.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:26C3580A17D4BBE58BD8D8AC6AE09AC4.6:AmMusNovit.2010-.journal_article" docStyleId="26C3580A17D4BBE58BD8D8AC6AE09AC4" docStyleName="AmMusNovit.2010-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="6" docTitle="Pipistrellus" docType="treatment" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="16" masterDocId="4A19FFAF1435FF87FFBE8C34FF901477" masterDocTitle="Bats (Chiroptera) from Olduvai Gorge, Early Pleistocene, Bed I (Tanzania)" masterLastPageNumber="35" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="15" updateTime="1698933178730" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:titleInfo id="5E0AF42ECA165CD485A960713BDFBCAE">
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<mods:title id="0C227ABDF777ACC59E1AF70E3D10E331">Bats (Chiroptera) from Olduvai Gorge, Early Pleistocene, Bed I (Tanzania)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="F9A21A2B6EE96CDB335F5FD81CF90125" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="D929C886FF1C25C9841511CB579CBC9C">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="CBE3DE7025B5164B4B92F00EA0A0F32B">Gunnell, Gregg F.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="B688644DE7E2DACBD38E35F20A5EFD25">Percy M. Butler, & Division of Fossil Primates, Duke Lemur Center, Durham, North Carolina, and Department of Mammalogy, American Museum of Natural History.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:roleTerm id="D674C132B7BCCA19F52BD2610B581895">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="295F6A6B618DCC555A4130E5EC007E28">Butler, Percy M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="AA3DFABB12E50407847B8ECC03750E83">Marjorie Greenwood, & Deceased, formerly Royal Holloway University of London, London.</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:roleTerm id="BB9CF67F68C41CAE65334F1965AD7927">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="E4869BAAE46730B066267C114A8EAD38">Greenwood, Marjorie</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="CBB3072A26904E14D7E676CF00C4C38C">Deceased, formerly Natural History Museum, London.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="E58AF1643116FF89265715849B174922">Simmons, Nancy B.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="3CF7321140486911983AF738EC26DA84">Department of Mammalogy, American Museum of Natural History.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="E28DBA319A574FB74B3D5397DCFEA697">American Museum Novitates</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="3C3239303E207D6241FC41D5465376F7">
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<mods:date id="FB91C491B93224C6570E58E1AE403332">2015</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="4CEEB75D8340FCB89BAD9A730BB55AB3">2015-12-16</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="9B70EB4AA953458A8EC9DDD4D2B5F299" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="C0A2C97431B3F1BBCE00F03014059C66">2015</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="F8D1F4F6A57519CD00F5C143ED61F42A">3846</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="29F59F6EF1BCFAFD4CA80E98F28DCBE1">1</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="886CC9FD3FCDC76A4FD3F653A13842FD">35</mods:end>
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<mods:url id="71EDA79F00818445BCC491EEC92302F6">http://www.bioone.org/doi/10.1206/3846.1</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="8EF1D9C46067FD754350B582C65B5634">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="81B3BFC4AFF2981BB40685A2354DA8CC" type="CLB-Dataset">5854</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="E127CC07C17E3AF74C395C5B66362D0D" type="DOI">10.1206/3846.1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="A61CD63CFAE8CBAEA20740E985BBD7EF" type="Zenodo-Dep">4598312</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="B62087D7143BFF88FD8689ABFE6D1290" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5056549" ID-GBIF-Taxon="183232306" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5056549" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B62087D7143BFF88FD8689ABFE6D1290" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/B62087D7143BFF88FD8689ABFE6D1290" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="16" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
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<subSubSection id="7693654A143BFF89FD8689ABFC9911CE" box="[568,777,1439,1465]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="3E3636C1143BFF89FD8689ABFC9911CE" blockId="14.[568,777,1439,1465]" box="[568,777,1439,1465]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
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Cf.
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<taxonomicName id="F9894D42143BFF89FDDD89ABFD7111CE" ID-CoL="6QRN" box="[611,737,1439,1465]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Pipistrellus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="0CFDEAD3143BFF89FDDD89ABFD7111CE" box="[611,737,1439,1465]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Pipistrellus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="7693654A143BFF89FF1689E3FBD91260" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="3E3636C1143BFF89FF1689E3FBD91260" blockId="14.[120,1224,1495,1745]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">REFERRED SPECIMENS: NMT.030/Bat, right distal humerus, FLK NNI, layer 2 or 3; NMT.040/ Bat, left distal humerus, FLK NI, layer 3, Tr. IV, 1964 (see table 1 for measurements).</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="7693654A143BFF88FF168A16FE6D1290" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="16" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="description">
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<paragraph id="3E3636C1143BFF89FF168A16FBE112F0" blockId="14.[120,1224,1495,1745]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
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DESCRIPTION: Two fragmentary distal humeri from Olduvai represent pipistrelles, similar in size and morphology to
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<taxonomicName id="F9894D42143BFF89FE078A73FD0A1216" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1904" box="[441,666,1607,1633]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Pipistrellus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nanulus">
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<emphasis id="0CFDEAD3143BFF89FE078A73FD0A1216" box="[441,666,1607,1633]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Pipistrellus nanulus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="F9894D42143BFF89FD698A7CFCC61216" authorityName=", Butler and Greenwood" authorityYear="1965" box="[727,854,1607,1633]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Pipistrellus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rueppelli">
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<emphasis id="0CFDEAD3143BFF89FD698A7CFCC61216" box="[727,854,1607,1633]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">P. rueppelli</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, the former known today from equatorial Africa and the latter from much of the African continent (
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<bibRefCitation id="5A184B30143BFF89FC168A58FBF512F0" author="Simmons, N. B." box="[936,1125,1644,1671]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="312 - 529" refId="ref13716" refString="Simmons, N. B. 2005. Order Chiroptera. In D. E. Wilson and D. M. Reeder (editors), Mammal species of the world, a taxonomic and geographic reference, vol. 1: 312 - 529. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press." type="journal article" year="2005">Simmons, 2005</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="3E3636C1143BFF88FF168AA6FEF012EC" blockId="14.[120,1224,1495,1745]" lastBlockId="15.[120,1224,1441,1767]" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="16" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">In anterior view the distal end of NMT.030/Bat has a narrow capitulum that is slightly angled and not offset from shaft. The lateral capitular tail is much less broad than the trochlear surface and is not separated from capitulum by a groove. The trochlear groove is moderately deep, the trochlear surface is relatively wide and robust, and the trochlear lip not sharply defined. The medial epicondylar process is small and extends distally only slightly beyond trochlear ridge. In posterior view, the groove on the lateral surface of the epicondyle is weak to absent. NMT.040/Bat differs slightly from NMT.030/Bat in lacking the slight angulation of the capitulum and in having a more sharply defined trochlear lip. Otherwise the two humeri are nearly identical.</paragraph>
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<caption id="6AF66649143AFF88FFC688C8FEB411F0" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4598338" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4598338" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4598338/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" startId="15.[120,206,1276,1297]" targetBox="[124,1224,234,1206]" targetPageId="15">
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<paragraph id="3E3636C1143AFF88FFC688C8FEB411F0" blockId="15.[120,1224,1273,1415]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
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FIGURE 9. Mandible of
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<taxonomicName id="F9894D42143AFF88FECB88CEFDCA1165" box="[373,602,1274,1298]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Nycticeinops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="schlieffeni">
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<emphasis id="0CFDEAD3143AFF88FECB88CEFDCA1165" box="[373,602,1274,1298]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Nycticeinops schlieffeni</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(AMNH 257406, photographs) in
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<emphasis id="0CFDEAD3143AFF88FC7A88CDFC4C1166" bold="true" box="[964,988,1273,1297]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">A,</emphasis>
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lateral and
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<emphasis id="0CFDEAD3143AFF88FBE788CEFBFF1165" bold="true" box="[1113,1135,1274,1298]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">B,</emphasis>
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occlusal views compared with
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<emphasis id="0CFDEAD3143AFF88FEE5892CFDFB1158" box="[347,619,1304,1327]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
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<taxonomicName id="F9894D42143AFF88FEE5892CFDF71158" authority="Gunnell & Butler & Greenwood & Simmons, 2015" authorityName="Gunnell & Butler & Greenwood & Simmons" authorityYear="2015" box="[347,615,1304,1327]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Nycticeinops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="serengetiensis" status="sp. nov.">Nycticeinops serengetiensis</taxonomicName>
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,
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</emphasis>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="17CE57A8143AFF88FDCD8923FD3B1159" box="[627,683,1303,1326]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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(drawings).
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<emphasis id="0CFDEAD3143AFF88FC908923FCF11158" bold="true" box="[814,865,1303,1327]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">C–E,</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="F9894D42143AFF88FCD7892CFB9E1158" authorityName="Gunnell & Butler & Greenwood & Simmons" authorityYear="2015" box="[873,1038,1304,1327]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Nycticeinops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="serengetiensis">
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<emphasis id="0CFDEAD3143AFF88FCD7892CFB9E1158" box="[873,1038,1304,1327]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">N. serengetiensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, left dentary with m1–2 and all anterior alveoli (NMT.001/Bat) in
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<emphasis id="0CFDEAD3143AFF88FDE18900FDE6113B" bold="true" box="[607,630,1332,1356]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">C,</emphasis>
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occlusal,
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<emphasis id="0CFDEAD3143AFF88FD648900FD62113B" bold="true" box="[730,754,1332,1356]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">D,</emphasis>
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lateral and
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<emphasis id="0CFDEAD3143AFF88FCD78900FCEF113B" bold="true" box="[873,895,1332,1356]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">E,</emphasis>
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medial views.
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<emphasis id="0CFDEAD3143AFF88FBAB8900FBDA113B" bold="true" box="[1045,1098,1332,1356]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">F–H,</emphasis>
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Holotype of
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<taxonomicName id="F9894D42143AFF88FFC68966FE8B111E" authorityName="Gunnell & Butler & Greenwood & Simmons" authorityYear="2015" box="[120,283,1362,1385]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Nycticeinops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="serengetiensis">
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<emphasis id="0CFDEAD3143AFF88FFC68966FE8B111E" box="[120,283,1362,1385]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">N. serengetiensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, right dentary with p4–m1 with all other alveoli (NMT.005/Bat) in
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<emphasis id="0CFDEAD3143AFF88FC7B8966FC46111D" bold="true" box="[965,982,1362,1386]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">F,</emphasis>
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occlusal,
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<emphasis id="0CFDEAD3143AFF88FB878965FBC2111E" bold="true" box="[1081,1106,1361,1385]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">G,</emphasis>
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lateral, and
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<emphasis id="0CFDEAD3143AFF88FFC6895BFF0211F0" bold="true" box="[120,146,1391,1415]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">H,</emphasis>
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medial views.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph id="3E3636C1143AFF88FF168A93FE6D1290" blockId="15.[120,1224,1441,1767]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
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Pipistrelles are unknown from the fossil record in Africa outside Olduvai (
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<bibRefCitation id="5A184B30143AFF88FB8E8A93FB5412B6" author="Butler, P. M." box="[1072,1220,1703,1729]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="56 - 68" refId="ref11866" refString="Butler, P. M. 1978. Insectivora and Chiroptera. In V. J. Maglio and H. B. S. Cooke (editors), Evolution of African mammals: 56 - 68. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press." type="book chapter" year="1978">Butler, 1978</bibRefCitation>
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; Simmons and Gunnell, in prep.).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |