864 lines
95 KiB
XML
864 lines
95 KiB
XML
<document id="36C8D0DB8FF77F8607DF6EFCB812F4DB" ID-CLB-Dataset="5854" ID-DOI="10.1206/3846.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="5952fb20-23c6-4cd8-bafb-bc3a5f365fb1" ID-ISSN="0003-0082" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4598312" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1615481217644" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Gunnell, Gregg F., Butler, Percy M., Greenwood, Marjorie & Simmons, Nancy B." docDate="2015" docId="B62087D71423FF9CFE1888AEFBDC17DC" docLanguage="en" docName="AmMusNovit.2015.3846.1-35.pdf.imf" docOrigin="American Museum Novitates 2015 (3846)" docSource="http://www.bioone.org/doi/10.1206/3846.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:26C3580A17D4BBE58BD8D8AC6AE09AC4.6:AmMusNovit.2010-.journal_article" docStyleId="26C3580A17D4BBE58BD8D8AC6AE09AC4" docStyleName="AmMusNovit.2010-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="6" docTitle="Miniopterus schreibersi" docType="treatment" docVersion="10" lastPageNumber="28" masterDocId="4A19FFAF1435FF87FFBE8C34FF901477" masterDocTitle="Bats (Chiroptera) from Olduvai Gorge, Early Pleistocene, Bed I (Tanzania)" masterLastPageNumber="35" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="23" updateTime="1698933178730" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:titleInfo id="C40ABBBFA74B267FFA0068197DFFFCB2">
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<mods:title id="B86253E0C196F687C9EC77DE64F4A589">Bats (Chiroptera) from Olduvai Gorge, Early Pleistocene, Bed I (Tanzania)</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="43D58F92C0FB27AD5EF800FD1A437373" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="544F33F0599B84C5793BEA75998F2F62">Gunnell, Gregg F.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="2F1E1BB8D511828CD7AB8C0E359D25F0">Percy M. Butler, & Division of Fossil Primates, Duke Lemur Center, Durham, North Carolina, and Department of Mammalogy, American Museum of Natural History.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:roleTerm id="3E2F397E1A32082F26734A19C2F8C93A">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="9DA00FA3EBAE48C60D56F00EE7B6BE0A">Butler, Percy M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="028DB8902F33665379A95313DC094BFD">Marjorie Greenwood, & Deceased, formerly Royal Holloway University of London, London.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="C065543563BCEE69FE5F4F5A873AEE1B">Greenwood, Marjorie</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="79781B050916267F29AAF46BF1DA9697">Deceased, formerly Natural History Museum, London.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="125AC384FC25EB2D600557413A84EC31">Simmons, Nancy B.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="C4B5EF8CFD53AA15BDDB7FDAD57D81B5">Department of Mammalogy, American Museum of Natural History.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="256256DEA3F0817AE68707F177B94719">American Museum Novitates</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="A487B18C3CA3DA985A534AC526CBA8E1">
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<mods:date id="C05B88784EC5C082319E483883EE62F4">2015</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="47CFFCB79886EEF8063F6422DC215868">2015-12-16</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="99DB481603D95521C750EEC36CF2A8AB">2015</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="17D4235DB39D84236A79719FFE8B2DAA">3846</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="27B63053E523F7B57E44506F2F1023AF">1</mods:start>
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<mods:url id="6D44B3631B3A417E7D1F06E845E0CF11">http://www.bioone.org/doi/10.1206/3846.1</mods:url>
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<mods:identifier id="73009267162B69AFDFB4AF0BD3C5D8B2" type="CLB-Dataset">5854</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="2E3536AAA6F0477DFBF7BADA6A57DE88" type="DOI">10.1206/3846.1</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="B62087D71423FF9CFE1888AEFBDC17DC" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5062353" ID-GBIF-Taxon="183232312" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5062353" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B62087D71423FF9CFE1888AEFBDC17DC" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/B62087D71423FF9CFE1888AEFBDC17DC" lastPageId="27" lastPageNumber="28" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
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<subSubSection id="7693654A1423FF91FE1888AEFC0A10C3" box="[422,922,1177,1204]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="3E3636C11423FF91FE1888AEFC0A10C3" blockId="22.[422,922,1177,1204]" box="[422,922,1177,1204]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
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<heading id="657E81AD1423FF91FE1888AEFC0A10C3" box="[422,922,1177,1204]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" reason="5">
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<taxonomicName id="F9894D421423FF91FE1888AEFC0A10C3" ID-CoL="5TCL" authority="(Kuhl, 1817)" baseAuthorityName="Kuhl" baseAuthorityYear="1817" box="[422,922,1177,1204]" class="Mammalia" family="Miniopteridae" genus="Miniopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="0CFDEAD31423FF91FE1888AEFDA210C4" box="[422,562,1178,1203]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Miniopterus</emphasis>
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||
cf.
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<emphasis id="0CFDEAD31423FF91FDE088AEFD6E10C4" box="[606,766,1177,1203]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">M. schreibersi</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="5A184B301423FF91FCB088ADFC0110C3" author="Kuhl, H." box="[782,913,1177,1204]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="1 - 67" refId="ref12939" refString="Kuhl, H. 1817. Die deutschen Fledermause. Hanau 22: 1 - 67." type="journal article" year="1817">Kuhl, 1817</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="7693654A1423FF91FDF388E5FD63109B" box="[589,755,1233,1260]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="description">
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||
<paragraph id="3E3636C11423FF91FDF388E5FD63109B" blockId="22.[589,755,1233,1260]" box="[589,755,1233,1260]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
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<heading id="657E81AD1423FF91FDF388E5FD63109B" box="[589,755,1233,1260]" centered="true" fontSize="36" level="3" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" reason="7">
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<figureCitation id="A6B22A441423FF91FDF388E5FD5A109B" box="[589,714,1233,1260]" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="23.[120,206,1678,1699]" captionTargetBox="[283,1061,233,1645]" captionTargetId="figure-7@23.[273,1071,223,1651]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURE 14. Comparison of extant Miniopterus schreibersi (A, C, E – AMNH 161928, right i1–m3, photographs) and extinct Miniopterus cf. M. schreibersi (B, D, F – NMT.007/Bat, right p4–m1, drawings) in A–B, occlusal, C–D, lateral, and E–F, medial views." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4598348" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4598348/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Figures 14</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="A6B22A441423FF91FD6988E5FD63109B" box="[727,755,1233,1260]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="24.[120,204,1315,1336]" captionTargetBox="[128,1224,242,1284]" captionTargetId="figure-164@24.[120,1224,229,1289]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURE 15. Right distal humerus of extant Miniopterus schreibersi (NHMUK 19.7.7.2417) compared with fossil Miniopterus cf. M. schreibersi (NMT.011A/Bat) in A, anterior, B, posterior, C, medial, and D, lateral views." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4598350" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4598350/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">15</figureCitation>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="7693654A1423FF91FFC68925FBAC126B" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="reference_group">
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||
<paragraph id="3E3636C11423FF91FFC68925FC8F115F" blockId="22.[120,799,1296,1321]" box="[120,799,1296,1321]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="1E9911EF1423FF91FFC68925FC8F115F" box="[120,799,1296,1321]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
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<treatmentCitation id="BF2810D01423FF91FFC68925FDD1115F" author="Butler, P. M." box="[120,577,1296,1321]" page="65" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" year="1978">
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||
<taxonomicName id="F9894D421423FF91FFC68925FDD1115F" ID-CoL="5TCL" authority="Butler, 1978" authorityName=" Butler" authorityPageNumber="65" authorityYear="1978" box="[120,577,1296,1321]" class="Mammalia" family="Miniopteridae" genus="Miniopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="schreibersi">
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<emphasis id="0CFDEAD31423FF91FFC68925FF67115F" box="[120,247,1297,1320]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Miniopterus</emphasis>
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cf.
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<emphasis id="0CFDEAD31423FF91FEA18924FE1B115F" box="[287,395,1296,1320]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">schreibersi</emphasis>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="5A184B301423FF91FE268924FDD1115F" author="Butler, P. M." box="[408,577,1296,1321]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="56 - 68" refId="ref11866" refString="Butler, P. M. 1978. Insectivora and Chiroptera. In V. J. Maglio and H. B. S. Cooke (editors), Evolution of African mammals: 56 - 68. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press." type="book chapter" year="1978">Butler, 1978: 65</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
;
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||
<treatmentCitation id="BF2810D01423FF91FDF38924FC8B115F" author="Gunnell, G. F." box="[589,795,1296,1321]" page="588" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" year="2010">
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||
<bibRefCitation id="5A184B301423FF91FDF38924FC8B115F" author="Gunnell, G. F." box="[589,795,1296,1321]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="581 - 597" refId="ref12301" refString="Gunnell, G. F. 2010. Chiroptera. In L. Werdelin and W. J. Sanders (editors), Cenozoic Mammals of Africa: 581 - 597. Berkeley: University of California Press." type="book chapter" year="2010">Gunnell, 2010: 588</bibRefCitation>
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
.
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||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="3E3636C11423FF91FF168973FBAC126B" blockId="22.[120,1225,1351,1751]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
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REFERRED SPECIMENS: NMT.007/Bat, right dentary p3–4 (p4 now lost but shown in drawings of MG), from FLK NI, layer 5, Tr. IV; NMT.011/Bat, left and right distal humeri, from FLK NI, layer 3; NMT.017/Bat, right distal humerus, from FLK NI, layer 2; NMT.019/Bat, right proximal humerus, FLK NI, layer 2 (maybe not
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<taxonomicName id="F9894D421423FF91FD9B898CFD3C11A6" ID-CoL="5TCL" box="[549,684,1464,1489]" class="Mammalia" family="Miniopteridae" genus="Miniopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="0CFDEAD31423FF91FD9B898CFD3C11A6" box="[549,684,1464,1489]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Miniopterus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, poorly preserved); NMT.022/Bat, left proximal humerus, right distal humeri (2), humeral shaft, from FLK, Main Dig Z level; NMT.038/Bat, right distal humerus, from FLK NI, layer 3, Tr. IV (see tables 1 and 2 for measurements).
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="7693654A1423FF9FFF168A13FDEB1219" lastPageId="24" lastPageNumber="25" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="description">
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||
<paragraph id="3E3636C11423FF9FFF168A13FDEB1219" blockId="22.[120,1225,1351,1751]" lastBlockId="24.[120,1225,1396,1759]" lastPageId="24" lastPageNumber="25" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
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DESCRIPTION AND DISCUSSION: One dental specimen representing
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<taxonomicName id="F9894D421423FF91FC038A1CFBD91236" box="[957,1097,1576,1601]" class="Mammalia" family="Miniopteridae" genus="Miniopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="0CFDEAD31423FF91FC038A1CFBD91236" box="[957,1097,1576,1601]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Miniopterus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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cf.
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<taxonomicName id="F9894D421423FF91FBCD8A1CFF5C1211" authority="Butler, 1978" authorityName="Butler" authorityYear="1978" class="Mammalia" family="Miniopteridae" genus="Miniopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="schreibersi">
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<emphasis id="0CFDEAD31423FF91FBCD8A1CFF5C1211" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">M. schreibersi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is known from the Olduvai sample, a right dentary (NMT.007/Bat) that originally had p3–4 and the alveoli for all other teeth preserved. The p3 is double rooted with a single, lingually placed cusp that has a sloping, convex buccal surface and straight, flat lingual surface. A continuous, weakly developed cingulid is present that is developed into a tiny posterolingual extension. In detailed morphology this p3 is quite similar to that of extant
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<taxonomicName id="F9894D42142DFF9FFC4F8941FB0111F9" authority="Butler, 1978" authorityName=", Butler" authorityYear="1978" box="[1009,1169,1396,1422]" class="Mammalia" family="Miniopteridae" genus="Miniopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="schreibersi">
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<emphasis id="0CFDEAD3142DFF9FFC4F8941FB0111F9" box="[1009,1169,1396,1422]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">M. schreibersi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(fig. 14). The p4 was originally in place in this specimen and based on the available drawings (see fig. 14) it was very similar to p4 of extant
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<taxonomicName id="F9894D42142DFF9FFDE489F4FD6811AE" authority="Butler, 1978" authorityName=", Butler" authorityYear="1978" box="[602,760,1471,1497]" class="Mammalia" family="Miniopteridae" genus="Miniopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="schreibersi">
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<emphasis id="0CFDEAD3142DFF9FFDE489F4FD6811AE" box="[602,760,1471,1497]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">M. schreibersi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. It shared the presence of a tall, pointed protoconid and a broad but short talonid shelf formed by the distal cingulid with the extant taxon. Both extinct and extant specimens lack any indication of a para- or metaconid and both have well-developed labial and lingual cingulids that join anteriorly with the labial cingulid sloping ventrally from anterior to posterior.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<caption id="6AF666491422FF90FFC68ABAFDDB12A8" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4598348" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4598348" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4598348/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" startId="23.[120,206,1678,1699]" targetBox="[283,1061,233,1645]" targetPageId="23">
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||
<paragraph id="3E3636C11422FF90FFC68ABAFDDB12A8" blockId="23.[120,1224,1676,1759]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
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FIGURE 14. Comparison of extant
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<taxonomicName id="F9894D421422FF90FE568AB9FD4112D3" authorityName=", Butler" authorityYear="1978" box="[488,721,1676,1700]" class="Mammalia" family="Miniopteridae" genus="Miniopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="schreibersi">
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||
<emphasis id="0CFDEAD31422FF90FE568AB9FD4112D3" box="[488,721,1676,1700]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Miniopterus schreibersi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
(A, C, E – AMNH 161928, right i1–m3, photographs) and extinct
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<taxonomicName id="F9894D421422FF90FEF98A9EFE5012B6" box="[327,448,1706,1729]" class="Mammalia" family="Miniopteridae" genus="Miniopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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||
<emphasis id="0CFDEAD31422FF90FEF98A9EFE5012B6" box="[327,448,1706,1729]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Miniopterus</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
cf.
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||
<taxonomicName id="F9894D421422FF90FE598A9EFDE112B5" authorityName=", Butler" authorityYear="1978" box="[487,625,1706,1730]" class="Mammalia" family="Miniopteridae" genus="Miniopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="schreibersi">
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<emphasis id="0CFDEAD31422FF90FE598A9EFE6D12B6" box="[487,509,1706,1729]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">M</emphasis>
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||
.
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||
<emphasis id="0CFDEAD31422FF90FDB48A9EFDE112B5" box="[522,625,1706,1730]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">schreibersi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(B, D, F – NMT.007/Bat, right p4–m1, drawings) in
|
||
<emphasis id="0CFDEAD31422FF90FB2A8A9DFB5812B6" bold="true" box="[1172,1224,1705,1729]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">A–B,</emphasis>
|
||
occlusal,
|
||
<emphasis id="0CFDEAD31422FF90FF688AF3FE9C12A8" bold="true" box="[214,268,1735,1759]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">C–D,</emphasis>
|
||
lateral, and
|
||
<emphasis id="0CFDEAD31422FF90FE358AF3FE2812A8" bold="true" box="[395,440,1735,1759]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">E–F,</emphasis>
|
||
medial views.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="6AF66649142DFF9FFFC68917FB0E1121" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4598350" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4598350" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4598350/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" startId="24.[120,204,1315,1336]" targetBox="[128,1224,242,1284]" targetPageId="24">
|
||
<paragraph id="3E3636C1142DFF9FFFC68917FB0E1121" blockId="24.[120,1224,1313,1367]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
FIGURE 15. Right distal humerus of extant
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F9894D42142DFF9FFD968916FC98114E" authorityName=", Butler" authorityYear="1978" box="[552,776,1313,1337]" class="Mammalia" family="Miniopteridae" genus="Miniopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="schreibersi">
|
||
<emphasis id="0CFDEAD3142DFF9FFD968916FC98114E" box="[552,776,1313,1337]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Miniopterus schreibersi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(NHMUK 19.7.7.2417) compared with fossil
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F9894D42142DFF9FFFC6890BFF7E1121" box="[120,238,1343,1366]" class="Mammalia" family="Miniopteridae" genus="Miniopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="0CFDEAD3142DFF9FFFC6890BFF7E1121" box="[120,238,1343,1366]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Miniopterus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
cf.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F9894D42142DFF9FFEAD890BFE091121" authorityName=", Butler" authorityYear="1978" box="[275,409,1342,1366]" class="Mammalia" family="Miniopteridae" genus="Miniopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="schreibersi">
|
||
<emphasis id="0CFDEAD3142DFF9FFEAD890BFE091121" box="[275,409,1342,1366]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">M. schreibersi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(NMT.011A/Bat) in
|
||
<emphasis id="0CFDEAD3142DFF9FFDD5890AFD131121" bold="true" box="[619,643,1342,1366]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">A,</emphasis>
|
||
anterior,
|
||
<emphasis id="0CFDEAD3142DFF9FFD5D890BFD691120" bold="true" box="[739,761,1343,1367]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">B,</emphasis>
|
||
posterior,
|
||
<emphasis id="0CFDEAD3142DFF9FFCDA890AFCEB1121" bold="true" box="[868,891,1342,1366]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">C,</emphasis>
|
||
medial, and
|
||
<emphasis id="0CFDEAD3142DFF9FFC40890BFB861120" bold="true" box="[1022,1046,1343,1367]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">D,</emphasis>
|
||
lateral views.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="7693654A142DFF9CFF168A4DFD751760" lastPageId="27" lastPageNumber="28" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="3E3636C1142DFF9EFF168A4DFDF3177E" blockId="24.[120,1225,1396,1759]" lastBlockId="25.[120,1225,713,1711]" lastPageId="25" lastPageNumber="26" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
The dentary has a large mental foramen beneath the c1–p2 roots. Based on alveoli, p2 was single rooted as in living
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F9894D42142DFF9FFE228A94FDAB12CE" authority="Butler, 197815" authorityName=", Butler" authorityYear="1978" box="[412,571,1695,1721]" class="Mammalia" family="Miniopteridae" genus="Miniopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="schreibersi">
|
||
<emphasis id="0CFDEAD3142DFF9FFE228A94FDAB12CE" box="[412,571,1695,1721]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">M. schreibersi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The i3 alveolus is slightly separated from the conjoined i1–2 alveoli and is larger than either of the other incisor alveoli as in extant
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F9894D42142DFF9FFC608AF1FBF912A9" box="[990,1129,1733,1758]" class="Mammalia" family="Miniopteridae" genus="Miniopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="0CFDEAD3142DFF9FFC608AF1FBF912A9" box="[990,1129,1733,1758]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Miniopterus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species, and all incisor alveoli are aligned mesiodistally. There is a smaller mental foramen below the i1 alveolus on anterior surface of dentary.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="6AF66649142CFF9EFFC68CD4FDE11564" ID-Table-UUID="6AF66649142CFF9EFFC68CD4FDE11564" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/6AF66649142CFF9EFFC68CD4FDE11564" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" startId="25.[120,174,224,248]" targetBox="[131,1165,302,664]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="25">
|
||
<paragraph id="3E3636C1142CFF9EFFC68CD4FDE11564" blockId="25.[120,1218,224,275]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
|
||
Table 3. Geographic distribution of African Pleistocene bats (including late Holocene of Madagascar) based on number of species per family (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5A184B30142CFF9EFE6E8CCFFDF61564" author="Gunnell, G. F." box="[464,614,251,275]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" pagination="581 - 597" refId="ref12301" refString="Gunnell, G. F. 2010. Chiroptera. In L. Werdelin and W. J. Sanders (editors), Cenozoic Mammals of Africa: 581 - 597. Berkeley: University of California Press." type="book chapter" year="2010">Gunnell, 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="3E3636C1142CFF9EFF3D8D1AFBCD16E0" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
|
||
<table id="4C89C461142C0078FF3D8D1AFB1D16EF" box="[131,1165,302,664]" gridcols="5" gridrows="10" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
|
||
<tr id="80B93483142C0078FF3D8D1AFB1D1533" box="[131,1165,302,324]" gridrow="0" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
|
||
<th id="C3685DFF142C0078FF3D8D1AFE8C1533" box="[131,284,302,324]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Taxon/Locality</th>
|
||
<th id="C3685DFF142C0078FE208D1AFE761533" box="[414,486,302,324]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Olduvai</th>
|
||
<th id="C3685DFF142C0078FDD58D1AFD421533" box="[619,722,302,324]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Koobi Fora</th>
|
||
<th id="C3685DFF142C0078FCFF8D1AFC251533" box="[833,949,302,324]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">South Africa</th>
|
||
<th id="C3685DFF142C0078FB9F8D1AFB1D1533" box="[1057,1165,302,324]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="469E7651142CFF9EFB9F8D1AFB1D1533" box="[1057,1165,302,324]" name="South Africa Madagascar" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
|
||
</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="80B93483142C0078FF3D8D60FB1D151D" box="[131,1165,340,362]" gridrow="1" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
|
||
<th id="C3685DFF142C0078FF3D8D60FE8C151D" box="[131,284,340,362]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F9894D42142CFF9EFF3D8D60FF6D151D" box="[131,253,340,362]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Pteropodidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="C3685DFF142C0078FE208D60FE76151D" box="[414,486,340,362]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">—</td>
|
||
<td id="C3685DFF142C0078FDD58D60FD42151D" box="[619,722,340,362]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">1</td>
|
||
<td id="C3685DFF142C0078FCFF8D60FC25151D" box="[833,949,340,362]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">—</td>
|
||
<td id="C3685DFF142C0078FB9F8D60FB1D151D" box="[1057,1165,340,362]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">2</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="80B93483142C0078FF3D8D4DFB1D15F8" box="[131,1165,377,399]" gridrow="2" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
|
||
<th id="C3685DFF142C0078FF3D8D4DFE8C15F8" box="[131,284,377,399]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F9894D42142CFF9EFF3D8D4DFE8515F8" box="[131,277,377,399]" class="Mammalia" family="Emballonuridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Emballonuridae</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="C3685DFF142C0078FE208D4DFE7615F8" box="[414,486,377,399]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">—</td>
|
||
<td id="C3685DFF142C0078FDD58D4DFD4215F8" box="[619,722,377,399]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">—</td>
|
||
<td id="C3685DFF142C0078FCFF8D4DFC2515F8" box="[833,949,377,399]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">—</td>
|
||
<td id="C3685DFF142C0078FB9F8D4DFB1D15F8" box="[1057,1165,377,399]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">1</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="80B93483142C0078FF3D8DABFB1D15C2" box="[131,1165,415,437]" gridrow="3" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
|
||
<th id="C3685DFF142C0078FF3D8DABFE8C15C2" box="[131,284,415,437]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Rhinolophoidea</th>
|
||
<td id="C3685DFF142C0078FE208DABFE7615C2" box="[414,486,415,437]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">—</td>
|
||
<td id="C3685DFF142C0078FDD58DABFD4215C2" box="[619,722,415,437]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">—</td>
|
||
<td id="C3685DFF142C0078FCFF8DABFC2515C2" box="[833,949,415,437]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">5</td>
|
||
<td id="C3685DFF142C0078FB9F8DABFB1D15C2" box="[1057,1165,415,437]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">4</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="80B93483142C0078FF3D8DF1FB1D15AC" box="[131,1165,453,475]" gridrow="4" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
|
||
<th id="C3685DFF142C0078FF3D8DF1FE8C15AC" box="[131,284,453,475]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F9894D42142CFF9EFF3D8DF1FE9515AC" authorityName="Dobson" authorityYear="1875" box="[131,261,453,475]" class="Mammalia" family="Miniopteridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Miniopteridae</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="C3685DFF142C0078FE208DF1FE7615AC" box="[414,486,453,475]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">1</td>
|
||
<td id="C3685DFF142C0078FDD58DF1FD4215AC" box="[619,722,453,475]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">—</td>
|
||
<td id="C3685DFF142C0078FCFF8DF1FC2515AC" box="[833,949,453,475]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">1</td>
|
||
<td id="C3685DFF142C0078FB9F8DF1FB1D15AC" box="[1057,1165,453,475]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">—</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="80B93483142C0078FF3D8DDFFB1D1676" box="[131,1165,491,513]" gridrow="5" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
|
||
<th id="C3685DFF142C0078FF3D8DDFFE8C1676" box="[131,284,491,513]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F9894D42142CFF9EFF3D8DDFFF6F1676" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1904" box="[131,255,491,513]" class="Mammalia" family="Myzopodidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Myzopodidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="C3685DFF142C0078FE208DDFFE761676" box="[414,486,491,513]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">1</td>
|
||
<td id="C3685DFF142C0078FDD58DDFFD421676" box="[619,722,491,513]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">—</td>
|
||
<td id="C3685DFF142C0078FCFF8DDFFC251676" box="[833,949,491,513]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">—</td>
|
||
<td id="C3685DFF142C0078FB9F8DDFFB1D1676" box="[1057,1165,491,513]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">—</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="80B93483142C0078FF3D8E25FB1D1650" box="[131,1165,529,551]" gridrow="6" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
|
||
<th id="C3685DFF142C0078FF3D8E25FE8C1650" box="[131,284,529,551]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F9894D42142CFF9EFF3D8E25FF761650" box="[131,230,529,551]" class="Mammalia" family="Nycteridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Nycteridae</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="C3685DFF142C0078FE208E25FE761650" box="[414,486,529,551]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">—</td>
|
||
<td id="C3685DFF142C0078FDD58E25FD421650" box="[619,722,529,551]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">1</td>
|
||
<td id="C3685DFF142C0078FCFF8E25FC251650" box="[833,949,529,551]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">—</td>
|
||
<td id="C3685DFF142C0078FB9F8E25FB1D1650" box="[1057,1165,529,551]" gridcol="4" gridrow="6" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">—</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="80B93483142C0078FF3D8E02FB1D163A" box="[131,1165,566,589]" gridrow="7" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
|
||
<th id="C3685DFF142C0078FF3D8E02FE8C163A" box="[131,284,566,589]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F9894D42142CFF9EFF3D8E03FE87163A" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1821" box="[131,279,567,589]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Vespertilionidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="C3685DFF142C0078FE208E02FE76163A" box="[414,486,566,589]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">5</td>
|
||
<td id="C3685DFF142C0078FDD58E02FD42163A" box="[619,722,566,589]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">1</td>
|
||
<td id="C3685DFF142C0078FCFF8E02FC25163A" box="[833,949,566,589]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">3</td>
|
||
<td id="C3685DFF142C0078FB9F8E02FB1D163A" box="[1057,1165,566,589]" gridcol="4" gridrow="7" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">1</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="80B93483142C0078FF3D8E68FB1D1605" box="[131,1165,604,626]" gridrow="8" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
|
||
<th id="C3685DFF142C0078FF3D8E68FE8C1605" box="[131,284,604,626]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F9894D42142CFF9EFF3D8E68FE8C1605" authorityName="H. Allen" authorityYear="1864" box="[131,284,604,626]" class="Mammalia" family="Megadermatidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Megadermatidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="C3685DFF142C0078FE208E68FE761605" box="[414,486,604,626]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">1</td>
|
||
<td id="C3685DFF142C0078FDD58E68FD421605" box="[619,722,604,626]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">—</td>
|
||
<td id="C3685DFF142C0078FCFF8E68FC251605" box="[833,949,604,626]" gridcol="3" gridrow="8" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">—</td>
|
||
<td id="C3685DFF142C0078FB9F8E68FB1D1605" box="[1057,1165,604,626]" gridcol="4" gridrow="8" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">—</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="80B93483142C0078FF3D8EB6FB1D16EF" box="[131,1165,642,664]" gridrow="9" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
|
||
<th id="C3685DFF142C0078FF3D8EB6FE8C16EF" box="[131,284,642,664]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F9894D42142CFF9EFF3D8EB6FF7A16EF" authorityName="Gervais" authorityYear="1856" box="[131,234,642,664]" class="Mammalia" family="Molossidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Molossidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="C3685DFF142C0078FE208EB6FE7616EF" box="[414,486,642,664]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">2</td>
|
||
<td id="C3685DFF142C0078FDD58EB6FD4216EF" box="[619,722,642,664]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">—</td>
|
||
<td id="C3685DFF142C0078FCFF8EB6FC2516EF" box="[833,949,642,664]" gridcol="3" gridrow="9" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">—</td>
|
||
<td id="C3685DFF142C0078FB9F8EB6FB1D16EF" box="[1057,1165,642,664]" gridcol="4" gridrow="9" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">1</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="3E3636C1142CFF9EFF168F20FB091079" blockId="25.[120,1225,713,1711]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
|
||
The humeral fragments of the Olduvai
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F9894D42142CFF9EFDC88F21FD6E1759" box="[630,766,789,814]" class="Mammalia" family="Miniopteridae" genus="Miniopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="0CFDEAD3142CFF9EFDC88F21FD6E1759" box="[630,766,789,814]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Miniopterus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
specimens are very similar in size and morphology to the humerus of extant
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F9894D42142CFF9EFD988F0EFCB21724" authority="Butler, 1978" authorityName=", Butler" authorityYear="1978" box="[550,802,825,851]" class="Mammalia" family="Miniopteridae" genus="Miniopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="schreibersi">
|
||
<emphasis id="0CFDEAD3142CFF9EFD988F0EFCB21724" box="[550,802,825,851]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Miniopterus schreibersi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The proximal end of the humerus in Olduvai
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F9894D42142CFF9EFF648F54FEF0170E" box="[218,352,864,889]" class="Mammalia" family="Miniopteridae" genus="Miniopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="0CFDEAD3142CFF9EFF648F54FEF0170E" box="[218,352,864,889]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Miniopterus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
specimens has a moderately high (anteriorly) deltopectoral crest that is relatively long and sharply defined. It has a distinct, overhanging medial lip. The crest curves to the base of the trochiter and anteriorly encloses a relatively deep intertrochanteric fossa. The head of the humerus is ovate and angled. The proximal margin of the head does not extend as far proximally as the trochiter, instead extending proximally about the same distance as the lesser trochanter.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="3E3636C1142CFF9EFF16882DFE4211DE" blockId="25.[120,1225,713,1711]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
|
||
The distal end of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F9894D42142CFF9EFE22882EFDB81044" box="[412,552,1050,1075]" class="Mammalia" family="Miniopteridae" genus="Miniopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="0CFDEAD3142CFF9EFE22882EFDB81044" box="[412,552,1050,1075]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Miniopterus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
humerus has a narrow, rounded capitulum that is slightly angled and is not offset from shaft. The lateral capitular tail is somewhat broader than the trochlear surface and is separated from the capitulum by a deep and distinct groove. In contrast, the trochlear groove is faint and the trochlear surface is relatively narrow with a sharply defined trochlear lip. The medial epicondylar process is broken in all Olduvai specimens, but, judging by what remains, it would have been distinct and would have extended well beyond the trochlear ridge as it does in extant
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F9894D42142CFF9EFDFA88CEFD401164" box="[580,720,1274,1299]" class="Mammalia" family="Miniopteridae" genus="Miniopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="0CFDEAD3142CFF9EFDFA88CEFD401164" box="[580,720,1274,1299]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Miniopterus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(fig. 15). The groove on the lateral surface of the epicondyle is absent, but there is a distinct fossa that occurs on the lateral surface below the root of the epicondylar process. Like all other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F9894D42142CFF9EFD608971FCFB1129" box="[734,875,1349,1374]" class="Mammalia" family="Miniopteridae" genus="Miniopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="0CFDEAD3142CFF9EFD608971FCFB1129" box="[734,875,1349,1374]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Miniopterus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species, the specimens from Olduvai have well developed and deep olecranon fossae (see fig. 15B, top and bottom), a feature not commonly found in bats.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="3E3636C1142CFF9CFF168980FD751760" blockId="25.[120,1225,713,1711]" lastBlockId="27.[120,1225,727,940]" lastPageId="27" lastPageNumber="28" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
|
||
These Olduvai specimens are assigned to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F9894D42142CFF9EFD238981FCB911B9" box="[669,809,1461,1486]" class="Mammalia" family="Miniopteridae" genus="Miniopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="0CFDEAD3142CFF9EFD238981FCB911B9" box="[669,809,1461,1486]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Miniopterus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
cf.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F9894D42142CFF9EFCE68981FC6911B9" authority="Butler, 1978" authorityName=", Butler" authorityYear="1978" box="[856,1017,1460,1486]" class="Mammalia" family="Miniopteridae" genus="Miniopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="schreibersi">
|
||
<emphasis id="0CFDEAD3142CFF9EFCE68981FC6911B9" box="[856,1017,1460,1486]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">M. schreibersi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
because they are very similar in morphological detail to the humerus of the living taxon. However,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F9894D42142CFF9EFB8289EEFF7E126E" authority="Butler, 1978" authorityName=", Butler" authorityYear="1978" class="Mammalia" family="Miniopteridae" genus="Miniopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="schreibersi">
|
||
<emphasis id="0CFDEAD3142CFF9EFB8289EEFF7E126E" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Miniopterus schreibersi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is not the only similar-sized
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F9894D42142CFF9EFD858A34FD56126E" box="[571,710,1536,1561]" class="Mammalia" family="Miniopteridae" genus="Miniopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="0CFDEAD3142CFF9EFD858A34FD56126E" box="[571,710,1536,1561]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Miniopterus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species to occupy sub-Saharan Africa today. Therefore it is possible that the Olduvai species might be more closely related to one of the other species, especially
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F9894D42142CFF9EFE288A7EFDB91213" authorityName="Sanborn" authorityYear="1936" box="[406,553,1610,1636]" class="Mammalia" family="Miniopteridae" genus="Miniopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="africanus">
|
||
<emphasis id="0CFDEAD3142CFF9EFE288A7EFDB91213" box="[406,553,1610,1636]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">M. africanus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
or
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F9894D42142CFF9EFDEF8A7EFD5F1214" box="[593,719,1609,1635]" class="Mammalia" family="Miniopteridae" genus="Miniopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="inflatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="0CFDEAD3142CFF9EFDEF8A7EFD5F1214" box="[593,719,1609,1635]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">M. inflatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, given that both of these species have been confused with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F9894D42142CFF9EFE978A44FE5A12FE" authorityName=", Butler" authorityYear="1978" box="[297,458,1647,1673]" class="Mammalia" family="Miniopteridae" genus="Miniopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="schreibersi">
|
||
<emphasis id="0CFDEAD3142CFF9EFE978A44FE5A12FE" box="[297,458,1647,1673]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">M. schreibersi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the past (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5A184B30142CFF9EFDDD8A5BFCB012FD" author="Simmons, N. B." box="[611,800,1647,1674]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" pagination="312 - 529" refId="ref13716" refString="Simmons, N. B. 2005. Order Chiroptera. In D. E. Wilson and D. M. Reeder (editors), Mammal species of the world, a taxonomic and geographic reference, vol. 1: 312 - 529. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press." type="journal article" year="2005">Simmons, 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). We have chosen to follow
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5A184B30142CFF9EFBCC8A5BFF5412D9" author="Butler, P. M." pageId="25" pageNumber="26" pagination="56 - 68" refId="ref11866" refString="Butler, P. M. 1978. Insectivora and Chiroptera. In V. J. Maglio and H. B. S. Cooke (editors), Evolution of African mammals: 56 - 68. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press." type="book chapter" year="1978">Butler’s (1978)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
original assignment of these specimens to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F9894D42142CFF9EFD778AA1FCC512D9" box="[713,853,1685,1710]" class="Mammalia" family="Miniopteridae" genus="Miniopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="0CFDEAD3142CFF9EFD778AA1FCC512D9" box="[713,853,1685,1710]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Miniopterus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
cf.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F9894D42142CFF9EFC3C8AA1FBB312D9" authorityName=", Butler" authorityYear="1978" box="[898,1059,1684,1710]" class="Mammalia" family="Miniopteridae" genus="Miniopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="schreibersi">
|
||
<emphasis id="0CFDEAD3142CFF9EFC3C8AA1FBB312D9" box="[898,1059,1684,1710]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">M. schreibersi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
but acknowledge that more complete specimens are needed to assess the precise relationship of the Olduvai
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F9894D42142EFF9CFFC68EC9FE941761" box="[120,260,765,790]" class="Mammalia" family="Miniopteridae" genus="Miniopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="0CFDEAD3142EFF9CFFC68EC9FE941761" box="[120,260,765,790]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Miniopterus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species to living members of that genus.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="6AF66649142FFF9DFFC68CD4FEC61564" ID-Table-UUID="6AF66649142FFF9DFFC68CD4FEC61564" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/6AF66649142FFF9DFFC68CD4FEC61564" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" startId="26.[120,174,224,248]" targetBox="[131,1213,302,1713]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="26">
|
||
<paragraph id="3E3636C1142FFF9DFFC68CD4FEC61564" blockId="26.[120,1156,224,275]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Table 4. Bat genera known from Pleistocene localities in Africa, with habitat and roosting behavior of related extant species,</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="3E3636C1142FFF9DFF3D8D1AFB3B12E1" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
|
||
<table id="4C89C461142F0078FF3D8D1AFB2D12C6" box="[131,1213,302,1713]" gridcols="4" gridrows="18" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
|
||
<tr id="80B93483142F0078FF3D8D1AFB2D1533" box="[131,1213,302,324]" gridrow="0" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
|
||
<th id="C3685DFF142F0078FF3D8D1AFF6A1533" box="[131,250,302,324]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Genus</th>
|
||
<th id="C3685DFF142F0078FEA38D1AFE7C1533" box="[285,492,302,324]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Fossil Locality</th>
|
||
<th id="C3685DFF142F0078FDB58D1AFC401533" box="[523,976,302,324]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Species: Habitat/Roosting Behavior</th>
|
||
<th id="C3685DFF142F0078FC5B8D1AFB2D1533" box="[997,1213,302,324]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Sources</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="80B93483142F0078FF3D8D60FB2D15E8" box="[131,1213,340,415]" gridrow="1" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
|
||
<th id="C3685DFF142F0078FF3D8D60FF6A15E8" box="[131,250,340,415]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
|
||
<emphasis id="0CFDEAD3142FFF9DFF3D8D60FF6A151E" box="[131,250,340,361]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Cardioderma</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="C3685DFF142F0078FEA38D60FE7C15E8" box="[285,492,340,415]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F9894D42142FFF9DFEA38D60FEF5151D" authority="Olduvai" authorityName="Olduvai" box="[285,357,340,362]" class="Mammalia" family="Megadermatidae" genus="Cardioderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Olduvai</taxonomicName>
|
||
(East Africa)
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="C3685DFF142F0078FDB58D60FC4015E8" box="[523,976,340,415]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F9894D42142FFF9DFDB58D60FDD0151E" box="[523,576,340,361]" class="Mammalia" family="Megadermatidae" genus="Cardioderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cor">
|
||
<emphasis id="0CFDEAD3142FFF9DFDB58D60FDD0151E" box="[523,576,340,361]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">C. cor</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: dry and coastal woodlands/forage along river valleys/roost in baobab trees/rock shelters
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="C3685DFF142F0078FC5B8D60FB2D15E8" box="[997,1213,340,415]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5A184B30142FFF9DFC5B8D60FBFE151D" author="Vaughan, T. A." box="[997,1134,340,362]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" pagination="227 - 248" refId="ref14233" refString="Vaughan, T. A. 1976. Nocturnal behavior of the African false vampire bat (Cardioderma cor). Journal of Mammalogy 51: 227 - 248." type="journal article" year="1976">Vaughan, 1976</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Varty and Hill, 1988;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5A184B30142FFF9DFBCC8D5AFB8215E8" author="Csada, R." pageId="26" pageNumber="27" pagination="1 - 4" refId="ref11969" refString="Csada, R. 1996. Cardioderma cor. Mammalian Species 519: 1 - 4." type="journal article" year="1996">Csada, 1996</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="80B93483142F0078FF3D8D9BFB2D15A8" box="[131,1213,431,479]" gridrow="2" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
|
||
<th id="C3685DFF142F0078FF3D8D9BFF6A15A8" box="[131,250,431,479]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
|
||
<emphasis id="0CFDEAD3142FFF9DFF3D8D9BFF7015B3" box="[131,224,431,452]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Myzopoda</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="C3685DFF142F0078FEA38D9BFE7C15A8" box="[285,492,431,479]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F9894D42142FFF9DFEA38D9BFEF515B2" authority="Olduvai" authorityName="Olduvai" box="[285,357,431,453]" class="Mammalia" family="Myzopodidae" genus="Myzopoda" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Olduvai</taxonomicName>
|
||
(East Africa)
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="C3685DFF142F0078FDB58D9BFC4015A8" box="[523,976,431,479]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
|
||
<emphasis id="0CFDEAD3142FFF9DFDB58D9BFD6115B3" box="[523,753,431,452]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F9894D42142FFF9DFDB58D9BFDCF15B3" box="[523,607,431,452]" class="Mammalia" family="Myzopodidae" genus="Myzopoda" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aurita">M. aurita</taxonomicName>
|
||
/
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F9894D42142FFF9DFDD48D9BFD6115B3" box="[618,753,431,452]" class="Mammalia" family="Myzopodidae" genus="Myzopoda" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="schliemanni">M. schliemanni</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
: arid and humid for- ests/roost in trees and tree leaves
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="C3685DFF142F0078FC5B8D9BFB2D15A8" box="[997,1213,431,479]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Schliemann and Maas, 1978</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="80B93483142F0078FF3D8DDBFB2D164D" box="[131,1213,495,570]" gridrow="3" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
|
||
<th id="C3685DFF142F0078FF3D8DDBFF6A164D" box="[131,250,495,570]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
|
||
<emphasis id="0CFDEAD3142FFF9DFF3D8DC4FF231672" box="[131,179,496,517]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Mops</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="C3685DFF142F0078FEA38DDBFE7C164D" box="[285,492,495,570]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F9894D42142FFF9DFEA38DDBFEF51672" authority="Olduvai" authorityName="Olduvai" box="[285,357,495,517]" class="Mammalia" family="Molossidae" genus="Mops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Olduvai</taxonomicName>
|
||
(East Africa)
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="C3685DFF142F0078FDB58DDBFC40164D" box="[523,976,495,570]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F9894D42142FFF9DFDB58DC4FDAB1672" box="[523,571,496,517]" class="Mammalia" family="Molossidae" genus="Mops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="0CFDEAD3142FFF9DFDB58DC4FDAB1672" box="[523,571,496,517]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Mops</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp., dry or moist savannah/open woodland/ roost in trees/rock crevices
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="C3685DFF142F0078FC5B8DDBFB2D164D" box="[997,1213,495,570]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5A184B30142FFF9DFC5B8DC4FBFE1672" author="Rosevear, D. R." box="[997,1134,495,517]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" refId="ref13607" refString="Rosevear, D. R. 1965. The bats of West Africa. London: British Museum (Natural History)." type="book" year="1965">Rosevear, 1965</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Kingdon, 1974;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5A184B30142FFF9DFBF58E3EFB81164D" author="Smithers, R. H. N." pageId="26" pageNumber="27" refId="ref13962" refString="Smithers, R. H. N. 1983. The mammals of the southern African subregion. Pretoria: University of Pretoria." type="book" year="1983">Smithers, 1983</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="80B93483142F0078FF3D8E7EFB2D160C" box="[131,1213,586,635]" gridrow="4" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
|
||
<th id="C3685DFF142F0078FF3D8E7EFF6A160C" box="[131,250,586,635]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
|
||
<emphasis id="0CFDEAD3142FFF9DFF3D8E7FFF621617" box="[131,242,587,608]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Nycticeinops</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="C3685DFF142F0078FEA38E7EFE7C160C" box="[285,492,586,635]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F9894D42142FFF9DFEA38E7EFEF51617" authority="Olduvai" authorityName="Olduvai" box="[285,357,586,608]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Nycticeinops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Olduvai</taxonomicName>
|
||
(East Africa)
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="C3685DFF142F0078FDB58E7EFC40160C" box="[523,976,586,635]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F9894D42142FFF9DFDB58E7FFDED1628" box="[523,637,586,608]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Nycticeinops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="schlieffeni">
|
||
<emphasis id="0CFDEAD3142FFF9DFDB58E7FFDED1628" box="[523,637,586,608]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">N. schlieffeni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: riverine forests and savannah/for- ages over open water/roost in trees/rock crevices
|
||
</td>
|
||
<subSubSection id="7693654A142FFF9DFC5B8E7FFB35160C" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" type="reference_group">
|
||
<td id="C3685DFF142F0078FC5B8E7EFB2D160C" box="[997,1213,586,635]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
|
||
Fenton and Thomas, 1980;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5A184B30142FFF9DFBA28E51FB35160C" author="Johnston, D. S." box="[1052,1189,613,635]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" pagination="104" refId="ref12891" refString="Johnston, D. S. 2006. Nycticeinops schlieffeni. Mammalian Species 798: 104." type="journal article" year="2006">Johnston, 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="80B93483142F0078FF3D8EBFFB2D16A1" box="[131,1213,651,726]" gridrow="5" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
|
||
<th id="C3685DFF142F0078FF3D8EBFFF6A16A1" box="[131,250,651,726]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
|
||
<emphasis id="0CFDEAD3142FFF9DFF3D8EBFFF7416D7" box="[131,228,651,672]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Pipistrellus</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="C3685DFF142F0078FEA38EBFFE7C16A1" box="[285,492,651,726]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F9894D42142FFF9DFEA38EBFFEF516D6" authority="Olduvai" authorityName="Olduvai" box="[285,357,651,673]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Pipistrellus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Olduvai</taxonomicName>
|
||
(East Africa)
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="C3685DFF142F0078FDB58EBFFC4016A1" box="[523,976,651,726]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F9894D42142FFF9DFDB58EB8FDC616D6" baseAuthorityName="Peters" baseAuthorityYear="1852" box="[523,598,652,673]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Pipistrellus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nanus">
|
||
<emphasis id="0CFDEAD3142FFF9DFDB58EB8FDC616D6" box="[523,598,652,673]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">P.nanus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: arid and semiarid savannah/roosts in trees and leaves, culverts/other species in wide range of habitats
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="C3685DFF142F0078FC5B8EBFFB2D16A1" box="[997,1213,651,726]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5A184B30142FFF9DFC5B8EBFFBFD16D7" author="Kingdon, J." box="[997,1133,651,673]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" refId="ref12908" refString="Kingdon, J. 1974. East African mammals: an atlas of evolution in Africa. II (A). Insectivores and bats. London: Academic Press." type="book" year="1974">Kingdon, 1974</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Lausen and Barclay, 2005
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="80B93483142F0078FF3D8ED2FB2D1746" box="[131,1213,742,817]" gridrow="6" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
|
||
<th id="C3685DFF142F0078FF3D8ED2FF6A1746" box="[131,250,742,817]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
|
||
<emphasis id="0CFDEAD3142FFF9DFF3D8ED3FF2F168B" box="[131,191,743,764]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Myotis</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="C3685DFF142F0078FEA38ED2FE7C1746" box="[285,492,742,817]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F9894D42142FFF9DFEA38ED2FEF5168B" authority="Olduvai" authorityName="Olduvai" box="[285,357,742,764]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Olduvai</taxonomicName>
|
||
(East Africa)
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="C3685DFF142F0078FDB58ED2FC401746" box="[523,976,742,817]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F9894D42142FFF9DFDB58ED3FD1B168C" baseAuthorityName="Gray" baseAuthorityYear="1866" box="[523,651,742,764]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="welwitschii">
|
||
<emphasis id="0CFDEAD3142FFF9DFDB58ED3FD1B168C" box="[523,651,742,764]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">M. welwitschii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: open woodland and savannah/ roosts dense vegetation/trees/rock crevices and caves
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="C3685DFF142F0078FC5B8ED2FB2D1746" box="[997,1213,742,817]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5A184B30142FFF9DFC5B8ED2FBFD168C" author="Kingdon, J." box="[997,1133,742,764]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" refId="ref12908" refString="Kingdon, J. 1974. East African mammals: an atlas of evolution in Africa. II (A). Insectivores and bats. London: Academic Press." type="book" year="1974">Kingdon, 1974</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Ratcliffe, 2002
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="80B93483142F0078FF3D8F75FB2D17FB" box="[131,1213,833,908]" gridrow="7" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
|
||
<th id="C3685DFF142F0078FF3D8F75FF6A17FB" box="[131,250,833,908]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
|
||
<emphasis id="0CFDEAD3142FFF9DFF3D8F76FF441720" box="[131,212,834,855]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Eptesicus</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="C3685DFF142F0078FEA38F75FE7C17FB" box="[285,492,833,908]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F9894D42142FFF9DFEA08F75FEF61720" authority="Olduvai" authorityName="Olduvai" box="[286,358,833,855]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Eptesicus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Olduvai</taxonomicName>
|
||
(East Africa)
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="C3685DFF142F0078FDB58F75FC4017FB" box="[523,976,833,908]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F9894D42142FFF9DFDB58F76FDE21720" baseAuthorityName="Simmons" baseAuthorityYear="2005" box="[523,626,834,855]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Eptesicus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="serotinus">
|
||
<emphasis id="0CFDEAD3142FFF9DFDB58F76FD881720" box="[523,536,834,855]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">E</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="0CFDEAD3142FFF9DFD9D8F76FDE21720" box="[547,626,834,855]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">serotinus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: dry forest/semi-desert/open wood- lands and park lands/roosts in rock crevices/tree holes/seldom if ever in caves
|
||
</td>
|
||
<subSubSection id="7693654A142FFF9DFC5B8F76FB021721" box="[997,1170,833,855]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" type="description">
|
||
<td id="C3685DFF142F0078FC5B8F75FB2D17FB" box="[997,1213,833,908]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Hutson et al., 2008</td>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="80B93483142F0078FF3D8FA8FB2D17BA" box="[131,1213,924,973]" gridrow="8" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
|
||
<th id="C3685DFF142F0078FF3D8FA8FF6A17BA" box="[131,250,924,973]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
|
||
<emphasis id="0CFDEAD3142FFF9DFF3D8FA9FF4717C5" box="[131,215,925,946]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Scotoecus</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="C3685DFF142F0078FEA38FA8FE7C17BA" box="[285,492,924,973]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F9894D42142FFF9DFEA08FA8FEF617C5" authority="Olduvai" authorityName="Olduvai" box="[286,358,924,946]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Scotoecus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Olduvai</taxonomicName>
|
||
(East Africa)
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="C3685DFF142F0078FDB58FA8FC4017BA" box="[523,976,924,973]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F9894D42142FFF9DFDB58FA9FDED17C6" box="[523,637,924,946]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Scotoecus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="albofuscus">
|
||
<emphasis id="0CFDEAD3142FFF9DFDB58FA9FDED17C6" box="[523,637,924,946]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">S. albofuscus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: woodlands/dry savannah/roosts in tree holes/crevices
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="C3685DFF142F0078FC5B8FA8FB2D17BA" box="[997,1213,924,973]" gridcol="3" gridrow="8" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5A184B30142FFF9DFC5B8FA8FBD017C6" author="Hill, J E" box="[997,1088,924,946]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" pagination="169 - 188" refId="ref12708" refString="Hill, J E. 1974. A review of Scotoecus Thomas, 1901 (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Zoology 27: 169 - 188." type="journal article" year="1974">Hill, 1974</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5A184B30142FFF9DFBF48FA8FB2B17C6" author="Jacobs, D." box="[1098,1211,924,946]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" refId="ref12871" refString="Jacobs, D. 2008. Scotoecus albofuscus. The IUCN red list of threatened species. Version 2015.2." type="book" year="2008">Jacobs, 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="80B93483142F0078FF3D8FE9FB2D107A" box="[131,1213,989,1037]" gridrow="9" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
|
||
<th id="C3685DFF142F0078FF3D8FE9FF6A107A" box="[131,250,989,1037]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
|
||
<emphasis id="0CFDEAD3142FFF9DFF3D8FE9FF7F1785" box="[131,239,989,1010]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Miniopterus</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="C3685DFF142F0078FEA38FE9FE7C107A" box="[285,492,989,1037]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F9894D42142FFF9DFEA08FE9FEF61784" authority="Olduvai" authorityName="Olduvai" box="[286,358,989,1011]" class="Mammalia" family="Miniopteridae" genus="Miniopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Olduvai</taxonomicName>
|
||
(East Africa)
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="C3685DFF142F0078FDB58FE9FC40107A" box="[523,976,989,1037]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F9894D42142FFF9DFDB58FE9FD161785" authorityName=", Butler" authorityYear="1978" box="[523,646,989,1010]" class="Mammalia" family="Miniopteridae" genus="Miniopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="schreibersi">
|
||
<emphasis id="0CFDEAD3142FFF9DFDB58FE9FD161785" box="[523,646,989,1010]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">M. schreibersi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: open woodlands/many other habi- tats/migratory/roosts in caves/crevices
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="C3685DFF142F0078FC5B8FE9FB2D107A" box="[997,1213,989,1037]" gridcol="3" gridrow="9" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5A184B30142FFF9DFC5B8FE9FB3B1784" author="Van der Merwe, M." box="[997,1195,989,1011]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" pagination="237 - 241" refId="ref14156" refString="Van der Merwe, M. 1975. Preliminary study on the annual movements of the Natal clinging bats. South African Journal of Science 71: 237 - 241." type="journal article" year="1975">Van der Merwe, 1975</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5A184B30142FFF9DFC5B8FC3FBCD107B" author="Nowak" box="[997,1117,1015,1037]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" refId="ref13321" refString="Nowak R. M. 1994. Walker's bats of the world. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press." type="book" year="1994">Nowak, 1994</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="80B93483142F0078FF3D8829FB2D10F4" box="[131,1213,1053,1155]" gridrow="10" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
|
||
<th id="C3685DFF142F0078FF3D8829FF6A10F4" box="[131,250,1053,1155]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
|
||
<emphasis id="0CFDEAD3142FFF9DFF3D882AFF5B1044" box="[131,203,1054,1075]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Nycteris</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="C3685DFF142F0078FEA38829FE7C10F4" box="[285,492,1053,1155]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F9894D42142FFF9DFEA08829FE141044" authority="Koobi Fora" authorityName="Koobi Fora" box="[286,388,1053,1075]" class="Mammalia" family="Nycteridae" genus="Nycteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Koobi Fora</taxonomicName>
|
||
(East Africa)
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="C3685DFF142F0078FDB58829FC4010F4" box="[523,976,1053,1155]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F9894D42142FFF9DFDB5882AFDE01045" box="[523,624,1053,1075]" class="Mammalia" family="Nycteridae" genus="Nycteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="thebaica">
|
||
<emphasis id="0CFDEAD3142FFF9DFDB5882AFDE01045" box="[523,624,1053,1075]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">N. thebaica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: moist open woodland and dry savannah/roost in caves/trees/burrows
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="C3685DFF142F0078FC5B8829FB2D10F4" box="[997,1213,1053,1155]" gridcol="3" gridrow="10" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
|
||
Smithers and Labao Tello, 1976;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5A184B30142FFF9DFBED880CFB82101F" author="Taylor, P." pageId="26" pageNumber="27" refId="ref14063" refString="Taylor, P. 1998. The smaller mammals of KwaZulu-Natal. Pietermaritzburg, South Africa: University of Natal Press." type="book" year="1998">Taylor, 1998</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5A184B30142FFF9DFBA28866FBAD10F4" author="Mickleburgh, S. & A. M. Hutson & W. Bergmans & J. Fahr" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" refId="ref13208" refString="Mickleburgh, S., A. M. Hutson, W. Bergmans, and J. Fahr. 2008 b. Nycteris thebaica. The IUCN red list of threatened species. Version 2015.2." type="book" year="2008">Mickleburgh et al., 2008b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="80B93483142F0078FF3D88A7FB2D10A9" box="[131,1213,1171,1246]" gridrow="11" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
|
||
<th id="C3685DFF142F0078FF3D88A7FF6A10A9" box="[131,250,1171,1246]" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
|
||
<emphasis id="0CFDEAD3142FFF9DFF3D88A7FF7710DF" box="[131,231,1171,1192]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Scotophilus</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="C3685DFF142F0078FEA388A7FE7C10A9" box="[285,492,1171,1246]" gridcol="1" gridrow="11" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F9894D42142FFF9DFEA088A7FE1410DF" authority="Koobi Fora" authorityName="Koobi Fora" box="[286,388,1171,1193]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Scotophilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Koobi Fora</taxonomicName>
|
||
(East Africa)
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="C3685DFF142F0078FDB588A7FC4010A9" box="[523,976,1171,1246]" gridcol="2" gridrow="11" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F9894D42142FFF9DFDB588A7FDFA10DF" baseAuthorityName="A.Smith" baseAuthorityYear="1833" box="[523,618,1171,1192]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Scotophilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dinganii">
|
||
<emphasis id="0CFDEAD3142FFF9DFDB588A7FDFA10DF" box="[523,618,1171,1192]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">S. dinganii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: dry and moist savannah/roost in caves, seldom in trees but often in artificial habi- tats
|
||
</td>
|
||
<subSubSection id="7693654A142FFF9DFC5888A7FB8210B4" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" type="reference_group">
|
||
<td id="C3685DFF142F0078FC5B88A7FB2D10A9" box="[997,1213,1171,1246]" gridcol="3" gridrow="11" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5A184B30142FFF9DFC5888A7FBFD10DF" author="Happold, D. C. D." box="[998,1133,1171,1193]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" refId="ref12564" refString="Happold, D. C. D. 1987. The mammals of Nigeria. London: Oxford University Press." type="book" year="1987">Happold, 1987</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Nowak, 1994
|
||
</td>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="80B93483142F0078FF3D88DAFB2D114E" box="[131,1213,1262,1337]" gridrow="12" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
|
||
<th id="C3685DFF142F0078FF3D88DAFF6A114E" box="[131,250,1262,1337]" gridcol="0" gridrow="12" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
|
||
<emphasis id="0CFDEAD3142FFF9DFF3D88DAFF651174" box="[131,245,1262,1283]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Hipposideros</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="C3685DFF142F0078FEA388DAFE7C114E" box="[285,492,1262,1337]" gridcol="1" gridrow="12" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F9894D42142FFF9DFEA088DAFEDC1173" authority="Twin" authorityName="Twin" box="[286,332,1262,1284]" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" genus="Hipposideros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Twin</taxonomicName>
|
||
Rivers Cave (
|
||
<collectingCountry id="469E7651142FFF9DFE9A893DFE0C1168" box="[292,412,1289,1311]" name="South Africa" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">South Africa</collectingCountry>
|
||
)
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="C3685DFF142F0078FDB588DAFC40114E" box="[523,976,1262,1337]" gridcol="2" gridrow="12" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F9894D42142FFF9DFDB588DBFDEB1174" baseAuthorityName="Heuglin" baseAuthorityYear="1861" box="[523,635,1262,1284]" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" genus="Hipposideros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="megalotis">
|
||
<emphasis id="0CFDEAD3142FFF9DFDB588DBFDEB1174" box="[523,635,1262,1284]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">H. megalotis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: dry dense forest edges/forages between forest edges/roosts in caves and hollow trees/often in large colonies
|
||
</td>
|
||
<subSubSection id="7693654A142FFF9DFC5888DBFB821169" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" type="description">
|
||
<td id="C3685DFF142F0078FC5B88DAFB2D114E" box="[997,1213,1262,1337]" gridcol="3" gridrow="12" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5A184B30142FFF9DFC5888DBFBFB1173" author="Hayman, R. W." box="[998,1131,1262,1284]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" pagination="277 - 295" refId="ref12585" refString="Hayman, R. W. 1954. Notes on some African Bats, mainly from the Belgian Congo. Revue de Zoologie et de Botanique Africaines 50: 277 - 295." type="journal article" year="1954">Hayman, 1954</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Nowak, 1994
|
||
</td>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="80B93483142F0078FF3D897DFB2D110D" box="[131,1213,1353,1402]" gridrow="13" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
|
||
<th id="C3685DFF142F0078FF3D897DFF6A110D" box="[131,250,1353,1402]" gridcol="0" gridrow="13" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
|
||
<emphasis id="0CFDEAD3142FFF9DFF3D897EFF7F1128" box="[131,239,1354,1375]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Miniopterus</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="C3685DFF142F0078FEA3897DFE7C110D" box="[285,492,1353,1402]" gridcol="1" gridrow="13" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F9894D42142FFF9DFEA0897DFEDC1128" authority="Twin" authorityName="Twin" box="[286,332,1353,1375]" class="Mammalia" family="Miniopteridae" genus="Miniopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Twin</taxonomicName>
|
||
Rivers Cave (
|
||
<collectingCountry id="469E7651142FFF9DFE9A8950FE0C110D" box="[292,412,1380,1402]" name="South Africa" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">South Africa</collectingCountry>
|
||
)
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="C3685DFF142F0078FDB5897DFC40110D" box="[523,976,1353,1402]" gridcol="2" gridrow="13" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F9894D42142FFF9DFDB5897EFD161129" authorityName=", Butler" authorityYear="1978" box="[523,646,1353,1375]" class="Mammalia" family="Miniopteridae" genus="Miniopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="schreibersi">
|
||
<emphasis id="0CFDEAD3142FFF9DFDB5897EFD161129" box="[523,646,1353,1375]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">M. schreibersi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: habitats/migratory/roosts in caves/ crevices
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="C3685DFF142F0078FC5B897DFB2D110D" box="[997,1213,1353,1402]" gridcol="3" gridrow="13" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5A184B30142FFF9DFC58897EFB3B1128" author="Van der Merwe, M." box="[998,1195,1353,1375]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" pagination="237 - 241" refId="ref14156" refString="Van der Merwe, M. 1975. Preliminary study on the annual movements of the Natal clinging bats. South African Journal of Science 71: 237 - 241." type="journal article" year="1975">Van der Merwe, 1975</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5A184B30142FFF9DFC588950FBCD110E" author="Nowak" box="[998,1117,1380,1402]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" refId="ref13321" refString="Nowak R. M. 1994. Walker's bats of the world. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press." type="book" year="1994">Nowak, 1994</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="80B93483142F0078FF3D89BEFB2D11CD" box="[131,1213,1418,1466]" gridrow="14" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
|
||
<th id="C3685DFF142F0078FF3D89BEFF6A11CD" box="[131,250,1418,1466]" gridcol="0" gridrow="14" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
|
||
<emphasis id="0CFDEAD3142FFF9DFF3D89BEFF6211E8" box="[131,242,1418,1439]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Rhinolophus</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="C3685DFF142F0078FEA389BEFE7C11CD" box="[285,492,1418,1466]" gridcol="1" gridrow="14" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F9894D42142FFF9DFEA089BEFE1311D7" authority="Swartkrans" authorityName="Swartkrans" box="[286,387,1418,1440]" class="Mammalia" family="Rhinolophidae" genus="Rhinolophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Swartkrans</taxonomicName>
|
||
(South Africa)
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="C3685DFF142F0078FDB589BEFC4011CD" box="[523,976,1418,1466]" gridcol="2" gridrow="14" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F9894D42142FFF9DFDB589BEFDF911E8" box="[523,617,1418,1439]" class="Mammalia" family="Rhinolophidae" genus="Rhinolophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="darlingi">
|
||
<emphasis id="0CFDEAD3142FFF9DFDB589BEFDF911E8" box="[523,617,1418,1439]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">R. darlingi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: savannah woodlands and shrub- lands/roost in caves/mines/rock crevices
|
||
</td>
|
||
<subSubSection id="7693654A142FFF9DFC5889BEFBCD11CD" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" type="reference_group">
|
||
<td id="C3685DFF142F0078FC5B89BEFB2D11CD" box="[997,1213,1418,1466]" gridcol="3" gridrow="14" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Skinner and Chi- mimba, 2005</td>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="80B93483142F0078FF3D89FEFB2D1262" box="[131,1213,1482,1557]" gridrow="15" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
|
||
<th id="C3685DFF142F0078FF3D89FEFF6A1262" box="[131,250,1482,1557]" gridcol="0" gridrow="15" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
|
||
<emphasis id="0CFDEAD3142FFF9DFF3D89FFFF441197" box="[131,212,1483,1504]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Eptesicus</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="C3685DFF142F0078FEA389FEFE7C1262" box="[285,492,1482,1557]" gridcol="1" gridrow="15" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F9894D42142FFF9DFEA089FEFE7C1197" authority="Swartkrans Kromdraai" authorityName="Swartkrans Kromdraai" box="[286,492,1482,1504]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Eptesicus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Swartkrans Kromdraai</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectingCountry id="469E7651142FFF9DFE9A89D1FE0C118C" box="[292,412,1509,1531]" name="South Africa" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">South Africa</collectingCountry>
|
||
)
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="C3685DFF142F0078FDB589FEFC401262" box="[523,976,1482,1557]" gridcol="2" gridrow="15" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F9894D42142FFF9DFDB589FFFD1711A8" authorityName=", Butler" authorityYear="1978" box="[523,647,1482,1504]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Eptesicus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hottentotus">
|
||
<emphasis id="0CFDEAD3142FFF9DFDB589FFFD1711A8" box="[523,647,1482,1504]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">E. hottentotus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: woodlands/grasslands/marsh- lands/forage along river banks/roost in caves and mines
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="C3685DFF142F0078FC5B89FEFB2D1262" box="[997,1213,1482,1557]" gridcol="3" gridrow="15" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Skinner and Chi- mimba, 2005</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="80B93483142F0078FF3D8A11FB2D1221" box="[131,1213,1573,1622]" gridrow="16" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
|
||
<th id="C3685DFF142F0078FF3D8A11FF6A1221" box="[131,250,1573,1622]" gridcol="0" gridrow="16" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
|
||
<emphasis id="0CFDEAD3142FFF9DFF3D8A12FF2F124C" box="[131,191,1574,1595]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Myotis</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="C3685DFF142F0078FEA38A11FE7C1221" box="[285,492,1573,1622]" gridcol="1" gridrow="16" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F9894D42142FFF9DFEA08A11FE13124C" authority="Swartkrans" authorityName="Swartkrans" box="[286,387,1573,1595]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Swartkrans</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectingCountry id="469E7651142FFF9DFE9A8A74FE0C1221" box="[292,412,1600,1622]" name="South Africa" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">South Africa</collectingCountry>
|
||
)
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="C3685DFF142F0078FDB58A11FC401221" box="[523,976,1573,1622]" gridcol="2" gridrow="16" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F9894D42142FFF9DFDB58A12FDFB124D" baseAuthorityName="Temminck" baseAuthorityYear="1832" box="[523,619,1573,1595]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tricolor">
|
||
<emphasis id="0CFDEAD3142FFF9DFDB58A12FDFB124D" box="[523,619,1573,1595]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">M. tricolor</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: dry to moist savannah with shrub vegetation/roost in large caves
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="C3685DFF142F0078FC5B8A11FB2D1221" box="[997,1213,1573,1622]" gridcol="3" gridrow="16" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Herselman and Nor- ton, 1985</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="80B93483142F0078FF3D8A52FB2D12C6" box="[131,1213,1638,1713]" gridrow="17" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
|
||
<th id="C3685DFF142F0078FF3D8A52FF6A12C6" box="[131,250,1638,1713]" gridcol="0" gridrow="17" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
|
||
<emphasis id="0CFDEAD3142FFF9DFF3D8A52FF65120C" box="[131,245,1638,1659]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Hipposideros</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="C3685DFF142F0078FEA38A52FE7C12C6" box="[285,492,1638,1713]" gridcol="1" gridrow="17" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F9894D42142FFF9DFEA08A52FE0A12E1" authority="Anjohibe Cave" authorityName="Anjohibe Cave" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" genus="Hipposideros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
Anjohibe Cave (
|
||
<collectingCountry id="469E7651142FFF9DFE9A8AB4FE0412E1" box="[292,404,1664,1686]" name="Madagascar" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="C3685DFF142F0078FDB58A52FC4012C6" box="[523,976,1638,1713]" gridcol="2" gridrow="17" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F9894D42142FFF9DFDB58A52FD02120C" authorityName="E. Geoffroy" authorityYear="1813" box="[523,658,1638,1659]" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" genus="Hipposideros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="commersoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="0CFDEAD3142FFF9DFDB58A52FD02120C" box="[523,658,1638,1659]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">H. commersoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: dry dense forest edges/gallery forest/forages between forest edges/roosts in caves/often in large colonies/also in large trees
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="C3685DFF142F0078FC5B8A52FB2D12C6" box="[997,1213,1638,1713]" gridcol="3" gridrow="17" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
|
||
Goodman, 2006;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5A184B30142FFF9DFC588AB4FB3B12E1" author="Goodman, S. M." box="[998,1195,1664,1686]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" pagination="153 - 165" refId="ref12185" refString="Goodman, S. M., et al. 2005. The distribution and conservation of bats in the dry regions of Madagascar. Animal Conservation 8: 153 - 165." type="journal article" year="2005">Goodman et al., 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="3E3636C1142EFF9CFF3D8CD8FB8116D7" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
|
||
<table id="4C89C461142E0078FF3D8CDFFB2616D7" box="[131,1206,235,672]" gridcols="4" gridrows="7" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
|
||
<tr id="80B93483142E0078FF3D8CDFFB261576" box="[131,1206,235,257]" gridrow="0" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
|
||
<th id="C3685DFF142E0078FF3D8CDFFF6C1576" box="[131,252,235,257]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Genus</th>
|
||
<th id="C3685DFF142E0078FEA38CDFFE551576" box="[285,453,235,257]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Fossil Locality</th>
|
||
<th id="C3685DFF142E0078FDB58CDFFC571576" box="[523,967,235,257]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Species: Habitat/Roosting Behavior</th>
|
||
<th id="C3685DFF142E0078FC5B8CDFFB261576" box="[997,1206,235,257]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Sources</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="80B93483142E0078FF3D8D26FB261534" box="[131,1206,274,323]" gridrow="1" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
|
||
<th id="C3685DFF142E0078FF3D8D26FF6C1534" box="[131,252,274,323]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F9894D42142EFF9CFF3D8D27FF49155F" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1821" box="[131,217,275,296]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Rousettus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="0CFDEAD3142EFF9CFF3D8D27FF49155F" box="[131,217,275,296]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Rousettus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="C3685DFF142E0078FEA38D26FE551534" box="[285,453,274,323]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Anjohibe Cave (Madagascar)</td>
|
||
<td id="C3685DFF142E0078FDB58D26FC571534" box="[523,967,274,323]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F9894D42142EFF9CFDB58D27FD2F1550" box="[523,703,274,296]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Rousettus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="madagascariensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="0CFDEAD3142EFF9CFDB58D27FD2F1550" box="[523,703,274,296]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">R. madagascariensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: dense forests and edges/ agricultural lands/roosts in caves
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="C3685DFF142E0078FC5B8D26FB261534" box="[997,1206,274,323]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5A184B30142EFF9CFC5B8D26FB261550" author="MacKinnon, J. & C. E. Hawkins & P. A. Racey" box="[997,1206,274,296]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" pagination="1299 - 1302" refId="ref13020" refString="MacKinnon, J., C. E. Hawkins, and P. A. Racey. 2003. Pteropodidae. In S. M. Goodman and J. P. Benstead (editors), The natural history of Madagascar: 1299 - 1302. Chicago: University of Chicago Press." type="book chapter" year="2003">MacKinnon et al. 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="80B93483142E0078FF3D8D66FB2615F4" box="[131,1206,338,387]" gridrow="2" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
|
||
<th id="C3685DFF142E0078FF3D8D66FF6C15F4" box="[131,252,338,387]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F9894D42142EFF9CFF3D8D66FF571510" authorityName="Rafinesque" authorityYear="1815" box="[131,199,338,359]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Eidolon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="0CFDEAD3142EFF9CFF3D8D66FF571510" box="[131,199,338,359]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Eidolon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="C3685DFF142E0078FEA38D66FE5515F4" box="[285,453,338,387]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Many localities (Madagascar)</td>
|
||
<td id="C3685DFF142E0078FDB58D66FC5715F4" box="[523,967,338,387]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F9894D42142EFF9CFDB58D67FDF41510" baseAuthorityName="Kerr" baseAuthorityYear="1792" box="[523,612,338,360]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Eidolon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="helvum">
|
||
<emphasis id="0CFDEAD3142EFF9CFDB58D67FDF41510" box="[523,612,338,360]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">E. helvum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: arid to humid forests/wide range of habitats/roosts in tall trees/caves
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="C3685DFF142E0078FC5B8D66FB2615F4" box="[997,1206,338,387]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5A184B30142EFF9CFC5B8D66FB8A15F5" author="Mickleburgh, S. & A. M. Hutson & W. Bergmans & J. Fahr & P. A. Racey" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" refId="ref13245" refString="Mickleburgh, S., A. M. Hutson, W. Bergmans, J. Fahr, and P. A. Racey. 2008 c. Eidolon helvum. The IUCN red list of threatened species. Version 2015.2." type="book" year="2008">Mickleburgh et al., 2008c</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="80B93483142E0078FF3D8DA7FB2615A9" box="[131,1206,403,478]" gridrow="3" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
|
||
<th id="C3685DFF142E0078FF3D8DA7FF6C15A9" box="[131,252,403,478]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F9894D42142EFF9CFF3D8DA7FF4515DF" box="[131,213,403,424]" class="Mammalia" family="Molossidae" genus="Tadarida" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="0CFDEAD3142EFF9CFF3D8DA7FF4515DF" box="[131,213,403,424]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Tadarida</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="C3685DFF142E0078FEA38DA7FE5515A9" box="[285,453,403,478]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Many localities (Madagascar)</td>
|
||
<td id="C3685DFF142E0078FDB58DA7FC5715A9" box="[523,967,403,478]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F9894D42142EFF9CFDB58DA0FD1015DE" box="[523,640,404,425]" class="Mammalia" family="Molossidae" genus="Tadarida" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aegyptiaca">
|
||
<emphasis id="0CFDEAD3142EFF9CFDB58DA0FD1015DE" box="[523,640,404,425]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">T. aegyptiaca</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: warm, semiarid regions/open savannah/humid valleys/roost in rock shelters/ crevices
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="C3685DFF142E0078FC5B8DA7FB2615A9" box="[997,1206,403,478]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5A184B30142EFF9CFC5B8DA7FB8A15B4" author="Mickleburgh, S. & A. M. Hutson & W. Bergmans & F. W. Cotterill & J. Fahr & D. Jacobs" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" refId="ref13161" refString="Mickleburgh, S., A. M. Hutson, W. Bergmans, F. W. Cotterill, J. Fahr, and D. Jacobs. 2008 a. Tadarida aegyptiaca. The IUCN red list of threatened species. Version 2015.2." type="book" year="2008">Mickleburgh et al., 2008a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="80B93483142E0078FF3D8DDAFB261668" box="[131,1206,494,543]" gridrow="4" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
|
||
<th id="C3685DFF142E0078FF3D8DDAFF6C1668" box="[131,252,494,543]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F9894D42142EFF9CFF3D8DDBFF6C1673" baseAuthorityName="Sabatier and Legendre" baseAuthorityYear="1985" box="[131,252,495,516]" class="Mammalia" family="Molossidae" genus="Mormopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="0CFDEAD3142EFF9CFF3D8DDBFF6C1673" box="[131,252,495,516]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Mormopterus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="C3685DFF142E0078FEA38DDAFE551668" box="[285,453,494,543]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Tsimanampetsotsa (Madagascar)</td>
|
||
<td id="C3685DFF142E0078FDB58DDAFC571668" box="[523,967,494,543]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F9894D42142EFF9CFDB58DDBFDE81674" baseAuthorityName="Peters" baseAuthorityYear="1865" box="[523,632,494,516]" class="Mammalia" family="Molossidae" genus="Mormopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="jugularis">
|
||
<emphasis id="0CFDEAD3142EFF9CFDB58DDBFDE81674" box="[523,632,494,516]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">M. jugularis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: forages in open agricultural areas/ roosts in man-made structures/trees/caves
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="C3685DFF142E0078FC5B8DDAFB261668" box="[997,1206,494,543]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5A184B30142EFF9CFC5B8DDAFB361673" author="Goodman, S. M." box="[997,1190,494,516]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" pagination="153 - 165" refId="ref12185" refString="Goodman, S. M., et al. 2005. The distribution and conservation of bats in the dry regions of Madagascar. Animal Conservation 8: 153 - 165." type="journal article" year="2005">Goodman et al. 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="80B93483142E0078FF3D8E1AFB261628" box="[131,1206,558,607]" gridrow="5" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
|
||
<th id="C3685DFF142E0078FF3D8E1AFF6C1628" box="[131,252,558,607]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F9894D42142EFF9CFF3D8E1BFF4A1633" authorityName="Dobson" authorityYear="1871" box="[131,218,559,580]" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" genus="Triaenops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="0CFDEAD3142EFF9CFF3D8E1BFF4A1633" box="[131,218,559,580]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Triaenops</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="C3685DFF142E0078FEA38E1AFE551628" box="[285,453,558,607]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Anjohibe Cave (Madagascar)</td>
|
||
<td id="C3685DFF142E0078FDB58E1AFC571628" box="[523,967,558,607]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F9894D42142EFF9CFDB58E1BFDFA1634" box="[523,618,558,580]" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" genus="Triaenops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="furculus">
|
||
<emphasis id="0CFDEAD3142EFF9CFDB58E1BFDFA1634" box="[523,618,558,580]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">T. furculus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: dry forest and spiny thicket/roosts in caves
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="C3685DFF142E0078FC5B8E1AFB261628" box="[997,1206,558,607]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5A184B30142EFF9CFC5B8E1AFB3C1633" author="Goodman, S. M." box="[997,1196,558,580]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" pagination="153 - 165" refId="ref12185" refString="Goodman, S. M., et al. 2005. The distribution and conservation of bats in the dry regions of Madagascar. Animal Conservation 8: 153 - 165." type="journal article" year="2005">Goodman et al., 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5A184B30142EFF9CFC5B8E7DFB1D1628" author="Olsson, A. & D. Emmett & D. Henson & Fanning, E." box="[997,1165,585,607]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" pagination="401 - 403" refId="ref13372" refString="Olsson, A., D. Emmett, D. Henson, and E. Fanning, E. 2006. Abundance and activity patterns of microchiropteran bats at a cave roost in southwest Madagascar. African Journal of Ecology 44: 401 - 403." type="journal article" year="2006">Olsson et al., 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="80B93483142E0078FF3D8E5BFB2616D7" box="[131,1206,623,672]" gridrow="6" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
|
||
<th id="C3685DFF142E0078FF3D8E5BFF6C16D7" box="[131,252,623,672]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F9894D42142EFF9CFF3D8E5BFF6616F3" authorityName="Temminck" authorityYear="1838" box="[131,246,623,644]" class="Mammalia" family="Emballonuridae" genus="Emballonura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="0CFDEAD3142EFF9CFF3D8E5BFF6616F3" box="[131,246,623,644]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Emballonura</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="C3685DFF142E0078FEA38E5BFE5516D7" box="[285,453,623,672]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Tsimanampetsotsa (Madagascar)</td>
|
||
<td id="C3685DFF142E0078FDB58E5BFC5716D7" box="[523,967,623,672]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F9894D42142EFF9CFDB58E44FDC916F2" authorityName="Peters" authorityYear="1874" box="[523,601,624,645]" class="Mammalia" family="Emballonuridae" genus="Emballonura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="atrata">
|
||
<emphasis id="0CFDEAD3142EFF9CFDB58E44FDC916F2" box="[523,601,624,645]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">E. atrata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: humid forest/roosts in caves/crevices
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="C3685DFF142E0078FC5B8E5BFB2616D7" box="[997,1206,623,672]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5A184B30142EFF9CFC5B8E5BFB3716F2" author="Goodman, S. M." box="[997,1191,623,645]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" pagination="153 - 165" refId="ref12185" refString="Goodman, S. M., et al. 2005. The distribution and conservation of bats in the dry regions of Madagascar. Animal Conservation 8: 153 - 165." type="journal article" year="2005">Goodman et al, 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, 2006
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<subSubSection id="7693654A142EFF9CFF168F15FBDC17DC" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="3E3636C1142EFF9CFF168F15FBDC17DC" blockId="27.[120,1225,727,940]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
|
||
The African fossil record of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F9894D42142EFF9CFE548F16FDE5174C" ID-CoL="5TCL" box="[490,629,802,827]" class="Mammalia" family="Miniopteridae" genus="Miniopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="0CFDEAD3142EFF9CFE548F16FDE5174C" box="[490,629,802,827]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Miniopterus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is limited to the record from Olduvai, two Pliocene records from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="469E7651142EFF9CFEA78F73FE3F1716" box="[281,431,839,865]" name="South Africa" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">South Africa</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5A184B30142EFF9CFE018F73FDF01716" author="Pocock, T. N." box="[447,608,839,865]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" pagination="69 - 91" refId="ref13459" refString="Pocock, T. N. 1987. Plio-Pleistocene fossil mammalian microfauna of southern Africa - a preliminary report including description of two new fossil Muroid genera (Mammalia: Rodentia). Palaeontologia Africana 26: 69 - 91." type="journal article" year="1987">Pocock, 1987</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and a late Pliocene record from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="469E7651142EFF9CFC538F73FBC61716" box="[1005,1110,839,865]" name="Morocco" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Morocco</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5A184B30142EFF9CFBD98F73FF6917F1" author="Gunnell, G. F. & T. P. Eiting & D. Geraads" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" pagination="55 - 71" refId="ref12341" refString="Gunnell, G. F., T. P. Eiting, and D. Geraads. 2011. New late Pliocene bats (Chiroptera) from Ahl al Oughlam, Morocco. Neues Jahrbuch fur Geologie und Palaontologie 260: 55 - 71." type="journal article" year="2011">Gunnell et al., 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The South African Pliocene occurrences are recorded in faunal lists, but the specimens upon which the assignments are based have never been described or figured.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |