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<document id="E749DD927807029BA94511F9D7F85D93" ID-DOI="10.3853/j.2201-4349.68.2016.1657" ID-ISSN="2201-4349" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5238035" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1629535637436" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Sinclair, Bradley J." docDate="2016" docId="924B23117D52BF72FE8AFCCFFEF20B73" docLanguage="en" docName="RecAustMus.68.1.1-22.pdf" docOrigin="Records of the Australian Museum 68 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3853/j.2201-4349.68.2016.1657" docStyle="DocumentStyle:7863F7301B7BEE922F541F6F9B5AEEC6.2:RecAustMus.2008-2018.journal_article.0cover" docStyleId="7863F7301B7BEE922F541F6F9B5AEEC6" docStyleName="RecAustMus.2008-2018.journal_article.0cover" docStyleVersion="2" docTitle="Hydropeza aptera Sinclair 2016" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="11" masterDocId="6E725B697D5BBF78FF9FFFBAFFDD0D6B" masterDocTitle="Revision of the Australian species of Hydropeza Sinclair (Diptera: Empididae: Ragadinae subfam. nov.)" masterLastPageNumber="22" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="10" updateTime="1699077203003" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC-BY-4.0">
<mods:mods id="3E51070B047597C24B722B4C9A718D92" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="C18449D897F69E00E02ADD20219788D7">
<mods:title id="7780C0EFF284FED15001F3134C5804C8">Revision of the Australian species of Hydropeza Sinclair (Diptera: Empididae: Ragadinae subfam. nov.)</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="C0B53D99C96FAAB592652715D0C07EF2" type="personal">
<mods:role id="81E4929A2EBB569A5F456C78705600E8">
<mods:roleTerm id="BAEF58AA8DCECD9ACF3FF6488EC741A6">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="554B36AF82B03A83E04AE9832BCF2AED">Sinclair, Bradley J.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="5489C68E62922493E8065E17A6A56543">text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem id="9AE0C582C55EFB57380E0BCD7E627192" type="host">
<mods:titleInfo id="229B5D46C179F5B39C06C2727812038B">
<mods:title id="E4DFF998D40FB866E44C96F93076C452">Records of the Australian Museum</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="A52D4BC2A174B0A06368815D24B0610E">
<mods:date id="8082D44CD2954F751FBC0180AA48CD68">2016</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="6E1C88F755685B457E0C43532451EE11" type="pubDate">
<mods:number id="D71DF3982FDC5C6A54C924F2009E73DA">2016-05-10</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="09B37498E5C9C2BCAB5A7398AD498BFA" type="volume">
<mods:number id="937129FF2BC7C1BEE3B4AE8DC4022E84">68</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="7DF85A7742050987B000A1641DDB4039" type="issue">
<mods:number id="0032299DDB6D72B6013031415F9A7125">1</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent id="75A9C985E6C76C080EA9CAF4D3B6BDBF" unit="page">
<mods:start id="54C3535CE89D785CB276FA15148DBC77">1</mods:start>
<mods:end id="6BF3EF79D60B543D98A5D3861E836DEF">22</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:location id="E521FB4F89C66A3E2BC007F0DEFF1A42">
<mods:url id="6DDA6A18FE0715C1BB85A5313A91E21A">http://dx.doi.org/10.3853/j.2201-4349.68.2016.1657</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification id="6A0BB3266F21D3F01649C7C5D1A30E7A">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="46563F266BE7EB0DB0B2BFA4808AD67B" type="DOI">10.3853/j.2201-4349.68.2016.1657</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="D6506BD7A23B405282B37624B4DB465F" type="ISSN">2201-4349</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="2A20EBF6E75D0D09F3ED34CC37452FBB" type="Zenodo-Dep">5238035</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="6E617F5D94D3E39E8CE84732F6738EA0" type="ZooBank">A92D6512-F210-4766-BED7-6D638311AA0E</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="924B23117D52BF72FE8AFCCFFEF20B73" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5238174" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5238174" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:924B23117D52BF72FE8AFCCFFEF20B73" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/924B23117D52BF72FE8AFCCFFEF20B73" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="11" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<subSubSection id="52F8C18C7D52BF71FE8AFCCFFD8D0EFB" box="[277,592,885,912]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="1A5D92077D52BF71FE8AFCCFFD8D0EFB" blockId="9.[277,592,885,912]" box="[277,592,885,912]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<heading id="4115256B7D52BF71FE8AFCCFFD8D0EFB" box="[277,592,885,912]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" reason="2">
<emphasis id="28964E157D52BF71FE8AFCCFFD8D0EFB" bold="true" box="[277,592,885,912]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<taxonomicName id="DDE2E9847D52BF71FE8AFCCFFE2D0EFB" authorityName="Sinclair" authorityYear="2016" box="[277,496,885,912]" class="Insecta" family="Empididae" genus="Hydropeza" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aptera">
<emphasis id="28964E157D52BF71FE8AFCCFFE2D0EFB" bold="true" box="[277,496,885,912]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Hydropeza aptera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp nov.
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="52F8C18C7D52BF71FECDFC11FDC90EAE" box="[338,532,939,966]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="description">
<paragraph id="1A5D92077D52BF71FECDFC11FDC90EAE" blockId="9.[338,532,939,966]" box="[338,532,939,966]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<figureCitation id="82D98E827D52BF71FECDFC11FE660EAE" box="[338,443,939,966]" captionStart-0="Figures 1–2" captionStart-1="Figures 3–6" captionStartId-0="1.[121,193,1875,1897]" captionStartId-1="4.[166,238,1677,1699]" captionTargetBox-0="[140,1421,1083,1854]" captionTargetBox-1="[179,1454,151,1664]" captionTargetId-0="figure-440@1.[121,1421,1083,1854]" captionTargetId-1="figure-8@4.[166,1466,151,1677]" captionTargetPageId-0="1" captionTargetPageId-1="4" captionText-0="Figures 1–2. (1) Hydropeza aptera (drawn by Hannah Finlay). (2) McPartlan Pass, Tasmania, type-locality of H. aptera (photograph: M. Driessen). Scale bar = 0.5 mm." captionText-1="Figures 3–6. Habitus images of dried mounted male species of Hydropeza, lateral view. (3) H. aptera. (4) H. intricata. (5) H. tasmanica. (6) H. unguicula. Scale bars = 1.0 mm, except Fig. 3 where scale bar = 0.5 mm." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5238039" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5238041" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/5238039/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/5238041/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Figs 1–3</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="82D98E827D52BF71FE56FC11FE340EAE" box="[457,489,939,965]" captionStart="Figures 9–12" captionStartId="6.[166,238,1824,1846]" captionTargetBox="[178,1451,212,1758]" captionTargetId="figure-9@6.[166,1466,204,1778]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figures 9–12. Male terminalia of Hydropeza, lateral view. (9) H. angulata (inset showing inner apex of cercus). (10) H. aptera. (11) H. cornuta. (12) H. curvata. Abbreviations: cerc, cercus; ej apod, ejaculatory apodeme; goncx apod, gonocoxal apodeme; pgt, postgonite; ph, phallus; sur, surstylus. Scale bars = 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5238043" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5238043/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">10</figureCitation>
, 21
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="52F8C18C7D52BF71FFE6FC60FEA90839" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="1A5D92077D52BF71FFE6FC60FEA90839" blockId="9.[121,749,986,1362]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis id="28964E157D52BF71FFE6FC60FEC30E99" bold="true" box="[121,286,986,1010]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Type material</emphasis>
.
<materialsCitation id="AA8A985A7D52BF71FEB0FC60FEC00921" collectorName="M. Driessen" latitude="-42.85" longLatPrecision="1147" longitude="146.18333" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<typeStatus id="C5592CA57D52BF71FEB0FC60FE490E99" box="[303,404,986,1010]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
<specimenCount id="0CE4598E7D52BF71FE00FC61FE680E99" box="[415,437,987,1010]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
, labelled: “TAS: McPartlan Pass,/
<geoCoordinate id="7FD6F4C07D52BF71FF22FC4DFECD0964" box="[189,272,1015,1039]" degrees="42" direction="south" minutes="51" orientation="latitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" precision="925" value="-42.85">42°51'S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="7FD6F4C07D52BF71FE88FC42FEAB097B" box="[279,374,1016,1040]" degrees="146" direction="east" minutes="11" orientation="longitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" precision="925" value="146.18333">146°11'E</geoCoordinate>
/
<collectingMethod id="C3A3EA107D52BF71FE19FC42FE1B097B" box="[390,454,1016,1040]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">pitfall</collectingMethod>
ARE(Y);
<date id="6E5CB4C77D52BF71FDADFC42FD1E097B" box="[562,707,1016,1040]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" value="1999-08-17">17./ viii.1999</date>
;
<collectorName id="B717F7D17D52BF71FD51FC42FF010946" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">M. Driessen</collectorName>
”; “
<typeStatus id="C5592CA57D52BF71FF63FBAFFE550946" box="[252,392,1045,1069]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="holotype">HOLOTYPE</typeStatus>
/
<taxonomicName id="DDE2E9847D52BF71FE09FBAFFDD70946" authorityName="Sinclair" authorityYear="1999" box="[406,522,1045,1069]" class="Insecta" family="Empididae" genus="Hydropeza" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Hydropeza</taxonomicName>
/ aptera/ Sinclair [red label]” (AMS)
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation id="AA8A985A7D52BF71FEB4FB89FDAA0903" collectingDate="1999-09-14" collectorName="M. Driessen" latitude="-42.85" longLatPrecision="1147" longitude="146.18333" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Tasmania" typeStatus="paratype">
<typeStatus id="C5592CA57D52BF71FEB4FB89FE440920" box="[299,409,1075,1099]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
:
<emphasis id="28964E157D52BF71FE38FB88FDCA0921" bold="true" box="[423,535,1074,1098]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<collectingRegion id="D8265CE57D52BF71FE38FB88FDCA0921" box="[423,535,1074,1098]" country="Australia" name="Tasmania" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Tasmania</collectingRegion>
</emphasis>
:
<specimenCount id="0CE4598E7D52BF71FDB6FB88FD910921" box="[553,588,1074,1098]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
, same data as holotype, except ARE(Y)4,
<date id="6E5CB4C77D52BF71FE33FBEAFDC20903" box="[428,543,1104,1128]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" value="1999-09-14">
<collectingDate id="7E184D2F7D52BF71FE33FBEAFDC20903" box="[428,543,1104,1128]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" value="1999-09-14">14.ix.1999</collectingDate>
</date>
(AMS)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="AA8A985A7D52BF71FD1BFBEAFD7409EE" collectingDate="1999-07-28" collectorName="M. Driessen" latitude="-42.85" longLatPrecision="1147" longitude="146.18333" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Tasmania" typeStatus="paratype">
<specimenCount id="0CE4598E7D52BF71FD1BFBEAFD7B0903" box="[644,678,1104,1128]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
, same data as holotype, except ARE(Y)8,
<date id="6E5CB4C77D52BF71FE7EFBD7FD8A09EE" box="[481,599,1133,1157]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" value="1999-07-28">
<collectingDate id="7E184D2F7D52BF71FE7EFBD7FD8A09EE" box="[481,599,1133,1157]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" value="1999-07-28">28.vii.1999</collectingDate>
</date>
(AMS)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="AA8A985A7D52BF71FD2EFBD7FF1B09B6" collectingDate="1999-07-28" collectorName="M. Driessen" elevation="320" latitude="-42.853333" location="McPartlan Pass" longLatPrecision="19" longitude="146.21083" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-male="2" stateProvince="Tasmania" typeStatus="paratype">
<specimenCount id="0CE4598E7D52BF71FD2EFBD7FD3509EE" box="[689,744,1133,1157]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="male">2♂♂</specimenCount>
,
<location id="1F3DC4DC7D52BF71FFE6FB30FEFF09C9" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:924B23117D52BF72FE8AFCCFFEF20B73:1F3DC4DC7D52BF71FFE6FB30FEFF09C9" box="[121,290,1162,1186]" latitude="-42.853333" longLatPrecision="19" longitude="146.21083" name="McPartlan Pass" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" stateProvince="Tasmania">McPartlan Pass</location>
, buttongrass moorland,
<date id="6E5CB4C77D52BF71FDBAFB30FD7C09C9" box="[549,673,1162,1186]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" value="1999-07-28">
<collectingDate id="7E184D2F7D52BF71FDBAFB30FD7C09C9" box="[549,673,1162,1186]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" value="1999-07-28">28.vii.1999</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectingMethod id="C3A3EA107D52BF71FD33FB30FD3109C9" box="[684,748,1162,1186]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">pitfall</collectingMethod>
tp, TRW6,
<geoCoordinate id="7FD6F4C07D52BF71FF6AFB1DFEB309D4" box="[245,366,1191,1215]" degrees="42" direction="south" minutes="51" orientation="latitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" precision="15" seconds="12" value="-42.853333">42°51'12&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="7FD6F4C07D52BF71FEE7FB12FDDF09AB" box="[376,514,1192,1216]" degrees="146" direction="east" minutes="12" orientation="longitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" precision="15" seconds="39" value="146.21083">146°12'39&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity id="DD1A3FE27D52BF71FD8FFB12FD8409D4" box="[528,601,1192,1216]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.2" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" unit="m" value="320.0">
<elevation id="91CF75347D52BF71FD8FFB12FD8409D4" box="[528,601,1192,1216]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.2" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" unit="m" value="320.0">320 m</elevation>
</quantity>
,
<collectorName id="B717F7D17D52BF71FDF8FB12FD3109AB" box="[615,748,1192,1216]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">M. Driessen</collectorName>
(CNC)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="AA8A985A7D52BF71FF4BFB7FFD6B09B6" box="[212,694,1221,1245]" collectingDate="2000-05-16" collectorName="M. Driessen" elevation="320" latitude="-42.853333" location="McPartlan Pass" longLatPrecision="19" longitude="146.21083" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Tasmania" typeStatus="paratype">
<specimenCount id="0CE4598E7D52BF71FF4BFB7FFF2809B6" box="[212,245,1221,1245]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
, ditto, except TRE(0)
<date id="6E5CB4C77D52BF71FE6AFB7FFD8209B6" box="[501,607,1221,1245]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" value="2000-05-16">
<collectingDate id="7E184D2F7D52BF71FE6AFB7FFD8209B6" box="[501,607,1221,1245]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" value="2000-05-16">16.v.2000</collectingDate>
</date>
(CNC)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="AA8A985A7D52BF71FD5BFB7FFDA90873" collectingDate="2001-05-29" collectingDateMax="2001-06-05" collectingDateMin="2001-05-29" collectorName="M. Driessen" latitude="-42.851387" location="Airstrip Rd" longLatPrecision="19" longitude="146.19" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" specimenCount="5" specimenCount-female="4" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Tasmania" typeStatus="paratype">
<specimenCount id="0CE4598E7D52BF71FD5BFB7FFD3A09B6" box="[708,743,1221,1245]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCount id="0CE4598E7D52BF71FFE6FB58FF6D0991" box="[121,176,1250,1274]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="female">4♀♀</specimenCount>
,
<location id="1F3DC4DC7D52BF71FF20FB58FE9D0991" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:924B23117D52BF72FE8AFCCFFEF20B73:1F3DC4DC7D52BF71FF20FB58FE9D0991" box="[191,320,1250,1274]" latitude="-42.851387" longLatPrecision="19" longitude="146.19" name="Airstrip Rd" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" stateProvince="Tasmania">Airstrip Rd</location>
, sites 1A–6P,
<geoCoordinate id="7FD6F4C07D52BF71FE7BFB58FD8F0991" box="[484,594,1250,1274]" degrees="42" direction="south" minutes="51" orientation="latitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" precision="15" seconds="5" value="-42.851387">42°51'5&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="7FD6F4C07D52BF71FDC3FB58FD350991" box="[604,744,1250,1274]" degrees="146" direction="east" minutes="11" orientation="longitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" precision="15" seconds="24" value="146.19">146°11'24&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
,
<collectingMethod id="C3A3EA107D52BF71FFE6FABAFF640873" box="[121,185,1280,1304]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">pitfall</collectingMethod>
tp,
<date id="6E5CB4C77D52BF71FF7BFABAFE50087C" box="[228,397,1279,1304]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" value="2001-05-29" valueMax="2001-06-05" valueMin="2001-05-29">
<collectingDate id="7E184D2F7D52BF71FF7BFABAFE50087C" box="[228,397,1279,1304]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" value="2001-05-29" valueMax="2001-06-05" valueMin="2001-05-29">29.v.–5.vi.2001</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName id="B717F7D17D52BF71FE06FABAFDC00873" box="[409,541,1280,1304]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">M. Driessen</collectorName>
(AMS)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="AA8A985A7D52BF71FD1FFABAFEAD0839" collectingDate="2001-05-29" collectingDateMax="2001-06-05" collectingDateMin="2001-05-29" collectorName="M. Driessen" elevation="320" latitude="-42.841667" location="Airstrip Rd" longLatPrecision="19" longitude="146.24333" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" specimenCount="5" specimenCount-female="1" specimenCount-male="4" stateProvince="Tasmania" typeStatus="paratype">
<specimenCount id="0CE4598E7D52BF71FD1FFABAFD650873" box="[640,696,1280,1304]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="male">4♂♂</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCount id="0CE4598E7D52BF71FD5BFABAFD3B0873" box="[708,742,1280,1304]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
, ditto, except ARE(Y),
<geoCoordinate id="7FD6F4C07D52BF71FEF6FAA7FE3F085E" box="[361,482,1309,1333]" degrees="42" direction="south" minutes="50" orientation="latitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" precision="15" seconds="30" value="-42.841667">42°50'30&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="7FD6F4C07D52BF71FE76FAA7FDAF085E" box="[489,626,1309,1333]" degrees="146" direction="east" minutes="14" orientation="longitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" precision="15" seconds="36" value="146.24333">146°14'36&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity id="DD1A3FE27D52BF71FDE1FAA7FD1E085F" box="[638,707,1309,1333]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.2" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" unit="m" value="320.0">
<elevation id="91CF75347D52BF71FDE1FAA7FD1E085F" box="[638,707,1309,1333]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.2" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" unit="m" value="320.0">320 m</elevation>
</quantity>
,
<collectorName id="B717F7D17D52BF71FD51FAA7FF0B0839" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">M. Driessen</collectorName>
(AMS, CNC)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="52F8C18C7D52BF71FFE6FADDFDDB08D1" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="1A5D92077D52BF71FFE6FADDFDDB08D1" blockId="9.[121,749,1383,1466]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis id="28964E157D52BF71FFE6FADDFF3A0814" bold="true" box="[121,231,1383,1407]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Diagnosis</emphasis>
. This is the only apterus species of
<taxonomicName id="DDE2E9847D52BF71FDEBFAD2FD3B08EB" authorityName="Sinclair" authorityYear="1999" box="[628,742,1384,1408]" class="Insecta" family="Empididae" genus="Hydropeza" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="28964E157D52BF71FDEBFAD2FD3B08EB" box="[628,742,1384,1408]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Hydropeza</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, with the wings reduced to halter-like appendages and legs and scutum with reduced chaetotaxy.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="52F8C18C7D52BF72FFE6FA75FDA60C8E" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="11" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="description">
<paragraph id="1A5D92077D52BF71FFE6FA75FEDC0B54" blockId="9.[121,748,1487,1600]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis id="28964E157D52BF71FFE6FA75FF23088C" bold="true" box="[121,254,1487,1511]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Description</emphasis>
. Head and thorax dark brown to black with greyish pruinescence, abdomen brown to black with thin pruinescence; legs dark brown. Wing appendage length
<quantity id="DD1A3FE27D52BF71FFE6F992FF200B54" box="[121,253,1576,1600]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" unit="mm" value="0.35" valueMax="0.4" valueMin="0.3">0.3–0.4 mm</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1A5D92077D52BF71FFE6F9EFFD080AA6" blockId="9.[120,749,1621,1997]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis id="28964E157D52BF71FFE6F9EFFF690B06" bold="true" box="[121,180,1621,1645]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Male</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="28964E157D52BF71FF5AF9EFFEDD0B06" box="[197,256,1621,1645]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Head</emphasis>
. Oval, produced posterodorsally, somewhat flattened dorsally. Ocellar setae short, erect, divergent, inserted between posterior and anterior ocelli; ocellar tubercle with some short setulae; postocellar and postocular setae short and slender; postgenal setae pale, slender, longer than postocellar setae. Face very narrow, closely approximated, lacking setulae. Scape short and slender, subequal in length to pedicel; postpedicel pointed-ovate, longer than scape and pedicel combined, with very short knob-like apical stylus. Proboscis stout and robust, short, extended well beyond mid-length of fore coxa, directed posteriorly; palpus very short, oval about 0.15× length of proboscis, clothed in pale setae; apex of palpus rounded.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1A5D92077D52BF71FCA7FCCCFC0D0E8D" blockId="9.[792,1423,886,1996]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis id="28964E157D52BF71FCA7FCCCFC580EE5" box="[824,901,886,910]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Thorax</emphasis>
. Greatly shortened and reduced due to apterus condition. Clothed in fine pruinescence; mesonotum with chaetotaxy reduced; scutellum shorted with pair of short, pale apical setae.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1A5D92077D52BF71FCA7FC56FB040BE2" blockId="9.[792,1423,886,1996]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis id="28964E157D52BF71FCA7FC56FCB70968" box="[824,874,1004,1027]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Legs</emphasis>
. Brown, fore coxa with fine pruinescence, similar to thorax. Inner anterior margin of fore coxa with some 20 dark spine-like setae, mostly concentrated apically and mid-basally; setae not longer than width of coxa. Anterior surface of mid and hind coxae with long brown setae. Legs lacking long, fine setae. Fore femur distinctly broader than mid and hind femora; basal third with 4 long posteroventral setae, longer than femur width; anteroventral face with fine, pale setae. Fore tibia with 4 anteroventral, 2 posteroventral spine-like setae. Fore tarsomere 1 with 4 anteroventral and 4 posteroventral stout setae, anteroventral setae nearly twice longer than posteroventral setae. Mid femur with 4–5 posteroventral setae, nearly as long as width of femur; anteroventral row of short, spine-like setae along entire length. Mid tibia lacking distinct erect setae. Mid tarsomere 1 lacking distinct setae. Hind femur with erect dorsal setae; 1 preapical anterior, 2–3 preapical anteroventral setae. Hind tibia with 1 stout preapical anteroventral seta. Hind tarsomere 1 with biserial row of ventral setae. Tarsomeres of hindleg much longer than tibia; ventral apical margin of tarsomere 4 of fore and midlegs not flattened and expanded; tarsomere 4 of hindleg not laterally compressed ventrally; tarsomere 5 of each leg lacking dorsoapical extension.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1A5D92077D52BF71FCA7F935FC230BAF" blockId="9.[792,1423,886,1996]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis id="28964E157D52BF71FCA7F935FCB30BCD" box="[824,878,1679,1702]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Wing</emphasis>
. Reduced to halter-like appendage; concolorous with thorax. Halter absent.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1A5D92077D52BF71FCA7F973FAF30A77" blockId="9.[792,1423,886,1996]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis id="28964E157D52BF71FCA7F973FC400B8A" box="[824,925,1737,1761]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Abdomen</emphasis>
. Tergites and sternites with short, sparse setae; marginal setae not lengthened. T8 broad, more than half length of T7; setae similar to preceding segments.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1A5D92077D52BF72FCA7F89BFE290C34" blockId="9.[792,1423,886,1996]" lastBlockId="10.[166,794,151,351]" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="11" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<taxonomicName id="DDE2E9847D52BF71FCA7F89BFC710A52" box="[824,940,1825,1849]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Combretaceae" genus="Terminalia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="28964E157D52BF71FCA7F89BFC710A52" box="[824,940,1825,1849]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Terminalia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="82D98E827D52BF71FC26F89BFBDA0A52" box="[953,1031,1825,1849]" captionStart="Figures 9–12" captionStartId="6.[166,238,1824,1846]" captionTargetBox="[178,1451,212,1758]" captionTargetId="figure-9@6.[166,1466,204,1778]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figures 9–12. Male terminalia of Hydropeza, lateral view. (9) H. angulata (inset showing inner apex of cercus). (10) H. aptera. (11) H. cornuta. (12) H. curvata. Abbreviations: cerc, cercus; ej apod, ejaculatory apodeme; goncx apod, gonocoxal apodeme; pgt, postgonite; ph, phallus; sur, surstylus. Scale bars = 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5238043" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5238043/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
). Cercus divided into subrectangular, thinly sclerotized anterior section, bearing short setae; posterior cercus broadly sclerotized medially, with apical row of peg-like setae on either side of distinct median notch. Epandrium small, oval; lamellae separated dorsally beneath cercus by wide membranous gap. Surstylus short, broad and truncate apically, clothed in fine setae only. Hypandrium keel-like, prolonged dorsally into phallic guide; gonocoxal apodeme small, rounded; apex of hypandrium flattened and broad surrounding emerging phallus; postgonites appear fused to apex of hypandrium. Phallus strongly arched at base, tapered to slender recurved tip; ejaculatory apodeme small, apical margin expanded.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1A5D92077D51BF72FF39FECFFDA60C8E" blockId="10.[165,795,373,485]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<emphasis id="28964E157D51BF72FF39FECFFF240CE6" bold="true" box="[166,249,373,397]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Female</emphasis>
. Similar to male except as follows: stout setae on fore and midlegs longer and more pronounced. T10 divided medially. Cercus short and rounded apically, slightly longer than width, shorter than length of tergite 10.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="52F8C18C7D51BF72FF39FE40FD740F01" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="1A5D92077D51BF72FF39FE40FD740F01" blockId="10.[164,794,506,618]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<emphasis id="28964E157D51BF72FF39FE40FEF30F79" bold="true" box="[166,302,506,530]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Distribution</emphasis>
. This species is restricted to
<collectingRegion id="D8265CE57D51BF72FDCEFE40FD680F79" box="[593,693,506,530]" country="Australia" name="Tasmania" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Tasmania</collectingRegion>
(Fig. 21), currently known only from the type-locality and apparently active in cold months, from May to September [minimum temperature: July 3.2°C (Dreissen
<emphasis id="28964E157D51BF72FD87FDE9FD9A0F01" box="[536,583,594,618]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">et al</emphasis>
., 2013)].
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="52F8C18C7D51BF72FF39FD3AFE9F0FB9" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="1A5D92077D51BF72FF39FD3AFE9F0FB9" blockId="10.[165,794,639,722]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<emphasis id="28964E157D51BF72FF39FD3AFEFC0FF3" bold="true" box="[166,289,640,664]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Etymology</emphasis>
. The specific name is derived from the Greek
<emphasis id="28964E157D51BF72FF39FD24FF280FDE" box="[166,245,670,693]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">apteros</emphasis>
(wingless), referring to the virtual absence of wings in this species.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="52F8C18C7D51BF72FF39FD52FEF20B73" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="1A5D92077D51BF72FF39FD52FD260929" blockId="10.[164,795,743,1560]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<emphasis id="28964E157D51BF72FF39FD52FED30E6B" bold="true" box="[166,270,744,768]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Remarks</emphasis>
. All specimens were collected in pitfall traps set out in buttongrass moorland (
<figureCitation id="82D98E827D51BF72FE7EFCBFFDFF0E76" box="[481,546,773,797]" captionStart="Figures 1–2" captionStartId="1.[121,193,1875,1897]" captionTargetBox="[140,1421,1083,1854]" captionTargetId="figure-440@1.[121,1421,1083,1854]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="Figures 1–2. (1) Hydropeza aptera (drawn by Hannah Finlay). (2) McPartlan Pass, Tasmania, type-locality of H. aptera (photograph: M. Driessen). Scale bar = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5238039" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5238039/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
), which at this location has a shrubby element (
<taxonomicName id="DDE2E9847D51BF72FE34FC98FDFD0E51" box="[427,544,802,826]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Myrtaceae</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="DDE2E9847D51BF72FDB2FC98FD600E51" authorityName="R.Brown" authorityYear="1810" box="[557,701,802,826]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Epacridaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ericales" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Epacridaceae</taxonomicName>
) as well as monocots (
<taxonomicName id="DDE2E9847D51BF72FEDBFCFAFE180E33" authorityName="de Jussieu" authorityYear="1789" box="[324,453,832,856]" class="Liliopsida" family="Cyperaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Cyperaceae</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="DDE2E9847D51BF72FD9DFC85FD490E3C" box="[514,660,831,855]" class="Liliopsida" family="Restionaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Restionaceae</taxonomicName>
) dominated by buttongrass (
<bibRefCitation id="7E73EFF67D51BF72FEFCFCE7FDBD0E1E" author="Driessen, M" box="[355,608,861,885]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="58 - 73" refId="ref17127" refString="Driessen, M. M., J. B. Kirkpartrick, and P. B. McQuillan. 2013. Shifts in composition of monthly invertebrate assemblages in moorland differed between lowland and montane locations but not fire-ages. Environmental Entomology 42 (1): 58 - 73. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1603 / EN 12322" type="journal article" year="2013">
Driessen
<emphasis id="28964E157D51BF72FE4CFCE4FDD40E1E" box="[467,521,861,885]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">et al</emphasis>
., 2013
</bibRefCitation>
). The habitat at approximately
<quantity id="DD1A3FE27D51BF72FED2FCC0FE490EF9" box="[333,404,890,914]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.2" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="m" value="320.0">320 m</quantity>
includes many standing pools and riddled with water-filled crayfish burrows (Driessen, pers. comm., 2014). Small streams run through the plains and large lakes occur nearby. In addition, the waters are highly acidic (around pH 4). A montane moorland site (Lake St. Clair, approx.
<quantity id="DD1A3FE27D51BF72FEDFFBB7FE58094E" box="[320,389,1037,1061]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="m" value="800.0">800 m</quantity>
) was also surveyed by
<bibRefCitation id="7E73EFF67D51BF72FD1FFBB7FF2D0929" author="Driessen, M" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="58 - 73" refId="ref17127" refString="Driessen, M. M., J. B. Kirkpartrick, and P. B. McQuillan. 2013. Shifts in composition of monthly invertebrate assemblages in moorland differed between lowland and montane locations but not fire-ages. Environmental Entomology 42 (1): 58 - 73. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1603 / EN 12322" type="journal article" year="2013">
Driessen
<emphasis id="28964E157D51BF72FD7BFBB4FCCE094E" box="[740,787,1037,1061]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">et al</emphasis>
. (2013)
</bibRefCitation>
, but these flightless empidids were not collected.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1A5D92077D51BF72FF5AFBFDFEF20B73" blockId="10.[164,795,743,1560]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
Wingless or flightlessness among Empidoidea is possibly an adaptation for increased running ability among secretive habitats such as the grasses of the moorland and/or an adaptation to cold conditions which make thermoregulation of thoracic flight muscles difficult (
<bibRefCitation id="7E73EFF67D51BF72FDCAFB07FCCE09BE" author="Hackman, W" box="[597,787,1213,1237]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="73 - 93" refId="ref17192" refString="Hackman, W. 1964. On reduction and loss of wings in Diptera. Notulae Entomologicae 44: 73 - 93." type="journal article" year="1964">Hackman, 1964</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="7E73EFF67D51BF72FF39FB60FEE10999" author="Bickel, D" box="[166,316,1242,1266]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="209 - 213" refId="ref16944" refString="Bickel, D. 2006. Papallacta (Diptera: Dolichopodidae), a new stenopterous genus from the paramo of Ecuador. Tijdschrift voor Entomologie 149: 209 - 213. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1163 / 22119434 - 900000201" type="journal article" year="2006">Bickel, 2006</bibRefCitation>
). Included among the pitfall trap samples from McPartlan Pass was another wingless empidoid,
<taxonomicName id="DDE2E9847D51BF72FF39FAAFFD490846" authority="Sinclair &amp; Cumming" authorityName="Sinclair &amp; Cumming" authorityYear="2000" box="[166,660,1301,1325]" class="Insecta" family="Hybotidae" genus="Apterodromia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tasmanica">
<emphasis id="28964E157D51BF72FF39FAAFFE730846" box="[166,430,1301,1325]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Apterodromia tasmanica</emphasis>
Sinclair &amp; Cumming
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="DDE2E9847D51BF72FD3DFAAFFCCA0846" box="[674,791,1301,1325]" class="Insecta" family="Hybotidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Hybotidae</taxonomicName>
:
<taxonomicName id="DDE2E9847D51BF72FF39FA88FE990821" authorityName="Schiner" authorityYear="1862" box="[166,324,1330,1354]" class="Insecta" family="Hybotidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Ocydromiinae">Ocydromiinae</taxonomicName>
). This latter species was originally known from litter samples, collected in January and March (Sinclair &amp; Cumming, 2000). Ground predation, particularly from ants has been cited as a major factor limiting wider development of flightlessness in
<taxonomicName id="DDE2E9847D51BF72FEE2FA1DFDA408D4" authority="(Bickel, 2006)" baseAuthorityName="Bickel" baseAuthorityYear="2006" box="[381,633,1447,1471]" class="Magnoliopsida" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="order">
Diptera (
<bibRefCitation id="7E73EFF67D51BF72FE40FA1DFDAC08D4" author="Bickel, D" box="[479,625,1447,1471]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="209 - 213" refId="ref16944" refString="Bickel, D. 2006. Papallacta (Diptera: Dolichopodidae), a new stenopterous genus from the paramo of Ecuador. Tijdschrift voor Entomologie 149: 209 - 213. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1163 / 22119434 - 900000201" type="journal article" year="2006">Bickel, 2006</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
. However, ant abundance was only lower during the cold months compared to warm months at this lowland moorland (
<bibRefCitation id="7E73EFF67D51BF72FDEAFA58FF030B73" author="Driessen, M" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="58 - 73" refId="ref17127" refString="Driessen, M. M., J. B. Kirkpartrick, and P. B. McQuillan. 2013. Shifts in composition of monthly invertebrate assemblages in moorland differed between lowland and montane locations but not fire-ages. Environmental Entomology 42 (1): 58 - 73. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1603 / EN 12322" type="journal article" year="2013">
Driessen
<emphasis id="28964E157D51BF72FD41FA59FCD10891" box="[734,780,1506,1530]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">et al</emphasis>
., 2013
</bibRefCitation>
, fig. 1).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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