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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.231.100894" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2003-231-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="0D762CF99C605B04AF072C867EEB1488" ModsDocID="1314-2003-231-1" checkinTime="1693383686345" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Knapp, Sandra, Saerkinen, Tiina &amp; Barboza, Gloria E." docDate="2023" docId="924B1765B06638A4D7C64FF89966CB55" docLanguage="en" docName="PhytoKeys 231: 1-342" docOrigin="PhytoKeys 231" docPubDate="2023-08-29" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.231.100894" docTitle="Solanum furcatum Dunal, Encycl. [J. Lamarck &amp; al.] Suppl. 3: 750. 1814." docType="treatment" docVersion="1" id="0D762CF99C605B04AF072C867EEB1488" lastPageNumber="1" masterDocId="0D762CF99C605B04AF072C867EEB1488" masterDocTitle="A revision of the South American species of the Morelloid clade (Solanum L., Solanaceae)" masterLastPageNumber="342" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="1" updateTime="1693383686345" updateUser="pensoft">
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<mods:title id="6DFC15EA09DB198F5F2A716AB0EA80D7">A revision of the South American species of the Morelloid clade (Solanum L., Solanaceae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="0B1B06DD816AEBB5923EDF009DAE203B">Knapp, Sandra</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="A295FD512D6C56AC3D3283BD125A8F37" type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7698-3945</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="62C5A08AB3E183E5C1A1F340EA36CF25">Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW 7 5 BD, UK</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="6866F690D84E8AB4C49901C0A4BA6559" type="email">s.knapp@nhm.ac.uk</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="E0812236FF3465F02F5568FAB0241C8B">Saerkinen, Tiina</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="90B17991F90007561B162276F023D71C" type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6956-3093</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="FE609116FE51A97DB0084AB65634A4FD">Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, 20 A Inverleith Row, Edinburgh EH 3 5 LR, UK</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="82BA784F5B5F262708BCBD7466AB1736">Barboza, Gloria E.</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="52450AFF94B7951BC8CC0794006FCC68" type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1085-036X</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="AFA3BAE00BEA714B365DAC5F1C03F2C9">Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biologia Vegetal (CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Cordoba), Casilla de Correo 495, 5000 Cordoba, Argentina</mods:affiliation>
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<treatment id="924B1765B06638A4D7C64FF89966CB55" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:924B1765B06638A4D7C64FF89966CB55" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/924B1765B06638A4D7C64FF89966CB55" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<subSubSection id="BE10D74B616969974FF119952EA65934" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="6F14C3BCD0BABADCAEA4F4F0EA92A6F1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
19.
<taxonomicName id="9C08D08E62EE40A0D260F8B3CFF88C19" ID-CoL="4Y2HW" ID-ENA="1807826" authority="Dunal, Encycl. [J. Lamarck &amp; al.] Suppl. 3: 750. 1814." authorityName="Dunal, Encycl. [J. Lamarck &amp; al.] Suppl. 3: 750. 1814." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum furcatum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="furcatum">Solanum furcatum Dunal, Encycl. [J. Lamarck &amp; al.] Suppl. 3: 750. 1814.</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="6205517A9B8ED47CCB7864C2979B60C7" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
<paragraph id="00EFDAF026B20B6D8719459655D7CBD5" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<figureCitation id="6664C12C86BF79E2584E9D1716717D51" captionStart="Figure 59" captionStartId="F59" captionText="Figure 59. Solanum furcatum A habit B flower (A, B Anonymous s. n., grown from seed sent by J. Edmonds, originally from California [ADW 42421]). Illustration by M. L. Szent-Ivany, first published in Symon (1981) and previously published in Saerkinen et al. (2018). Courtesy of the Board of the Botanic Gardens and State Herbarium (Adelaide, South Australia), reproduced with permission." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.231.100894.figure59" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/897520" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figs 59</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="DAB040BBF86BCF31A42C57DB84E583D5" captionStart="Figure 60" captionStartId="F60" captionText="Figure 60. Solanum furcatum A flowering branch B inflorescence with flowers at full anthesis C developing fruits D mature fruits (A, B, D Knapp s. n. Golden Gate Park C Gardner &amp; Knees 8322). Photos by S. Knapp and M. Gardner. A, B, D previously published in Saerkinen et al. (2018) and Knapp et al. (2019)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.231.100894.figure60" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/897521" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 60</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="9B67983FC1CF6C312203BE3FF8692EB7" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="3A0BE3D7833953B298388148A56A8131" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName id="535D31437D58214C11BC198BE5E9CBF4" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum deltoideum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="deltoideum">Solanum deltoideum</taxonomicName>
Colla, Herb. Pedem. 4: 273. 1835. Type. Cultivated in Italy at &quot;h. Ripul:&quot; [
<taxonomicName id="0A4363ECC14CCCFBBECCE470A8FEF237" family="Solanaceae" genus="Hortus" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Hortus" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="genus">Hortus</taxonomicName>
Ripulensis], the seeds originally sent by C. Bertero from Chile [&quot;Chili Quillota&quot;] (no specimens cited; lectotype, designated by
<bibRefCitation id="259AA6A71D940E7E51CAF9984EF702F1" DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.106.21991" author="Saerkinen, T" journalOrPublisher="PhytoKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 223" refId="B209" refString="Saerkinen, T, Poczai, P, Barboza, GE, van der Weerden, GM, Baden, M, Knapp, S, 2018. A revision of the Old World black nightshades (Morelloid clade of Solanum L., Solanaceae). PhytoKeys 106: 1 - 223, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.106.21991" title="A revision of the Old World black nightshades (Morelloid clade of Solanum L., Solanaceae)." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.106.21991" volume="106" year="2018">
<normalizedToken id="6FD8BA0B7894B72246B12228BE3EF6B7" originalValue="Särkinen">Saerkinen</normalizedToken>
et al. 2018
</bibRefCitation>
, pg. 73: TO [herb. Colla]).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="573C8D5BE4A36A6250A1499D38DFF1F0" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName id="D12CF3EDAD1B2262E19CFC88CEC876FA" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum furcatum subsp. var. var. glabrum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="furcatum" subSpecies="var." variety="glabrum">Solanum furcatum Dunal var. glabrum</taxonomicName>
G.Don, Gen. Hist. 4: 412. 1837. Type. Cultivated &quot;Native of Peru&quot; (no specimens cited; no original material located).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="97813A6C901755812FB11651FEB4819F" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName id="B9C8482581BD850CB649D9379E86AAEE" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum furcatum subsp. var. var. pilosum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="furcatum" subSpecies="var." variety="pilosum">Solanum furcatum Dunal var. pilosum</taxonomicName>
G.Don, Gen. Hist. 4: 412. 1837. Type. Cultivated &quot;Native of Peru&quot; (no specimens cited; no original material located).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BF7B95D1CDDE027DEA14A0B9407EC40B" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName id="040A259D4898D3CF259021069B590B6B" authorityName="Nees" authorityYear="1843" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum furcatum subsp. var. var. acutidentatum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="furcatum" subSpecies="var." variety="acutidentatum">Solanum furcatum Dunal var. acutidentatum</taxonomicName>
Nees, Nov. Act. Acad. Caes. Leop. 19, Suppl. 1: 386. 1843, as &quot;
<emphasis id="E8553EAA8D99D1F0C02A66471A073578" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">acutedentatum</emphasis>
&quot;. Type. &quot;Chile ad Valparaiso, Februario; Peruvia in planitie circa Tacoram [
<normalizedToken id="4969FDAB08D36894AA26EE97390AC413" originalValue="Volcán">Volcan</normalizedToken>
Tacora], alt. 14,000-17,000' [feet], Aprili&quot; both syntypes collected by
<emphasis id="3AD197EF26504F9494A402A630E87AC4" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">F.J.F. Meyen s.n.</emphasis>
(no specimens cited; no original material located). Chile.
<normalizedToken id="909A634220BB347F1AEBD89E92C5ED66" originalValue="Région">Region</normalizedToken>
V (Valparaiso): Prov. Valparaiso, Dunas de
<normalizedToken id="FC3FCDB0F80262060E801B4E9193DCA0" originalValue="Concón">Concon</normalizedToken>
, 22 Dec 2008,
<emphasis id="8D0C1C473E7036D193195E759ACF0C98" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">M. Gardner &amp; S Knees 8356</emphasis>
(neotype, designated here: E [E00282600]; isoneotype: BM [BM001120031], CONC [?], SGO [?]).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FA552850A9258272C2091DE6944154B7" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName id="5A294A3F66E6F4975E0F0CC6BF3F4567" authorityName="Nees" authorityYear="1843" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum furcatum subsp. var. var. obtusidentatum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="furcatum" subSpecies="var." variety="obtusidentatum">Solanum furcatum Dunal var. obtusidentatum</taxonomicName>
Nees, Nov. Act. Acad. Caes. Leop. 19, Suppl. 1: 386. 1843, as &quot;
<emphasis id="55CD2F2E6CEB65FFF7469B56FAE19260" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">obtusedentatum</emphasis>
&quot;. Type. &quot;Chile. Prov. de San Fernando in Llano del Rio Tinguiririca, 3,000' [feet] alt., Martio&quot;; Peruvia ad Arequipam, Aprili&quot; both syntypes collected by
<emphasis id="42FD2BD9E88AC566799BA2297DC8C01D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">F.J.F. Meyen s.n.</emphasis>
(no specimens cited; no original material located). Chile.
<normalizedToken id="AECE3B2D58CC6BF0C2D8EA83BF1C101D" originalValue="Région">Region</normalizedToken>
VI (
<normalizedToken id="28C3FDFC19CA4AECD969E5E320F1156A" originalValue="O’Higgins">O'Higgins</normalizedToken>
): Prov. Colchagua, San Fernando, s.d.,
<emphasis id="37403C05969AC0346F580D192ACC5EBF" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">R.A. Philippi s.n.</emphasis>
(neotype, designated here: G [G00443353]).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9D6D4018FE676BD9C1919CC083B7B3F3" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName id="73CE46FE47FC99A2EC6CF705A38638E2" authorityName="J.Remy" authorityYear="1849" baseAuthorityName="Dunal" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Witheringia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Witheringia furcata" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="furcata">Witheringia furcata</taxonomicName>
(Dunal) J.
<normalizedToken id="AE33CF77EF6830E60F839607CE379397" originalValue="Rémy">Remy</normalizedToken>
, Fl. Chil. [Gay] 5: 67. 1849. Type. Based on
<taxonomicName id="19AC39F562F6EB53E92A62D34F517D93" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum furcatum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="furcatum">Solanum furcatum</taxonomicName>
Dunal.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DAC3A1C69AD573A267B6253F1B8348CD" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName id="471ED0306C733995E192099043307CAC" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum pterocaulum subsp. var. var. dichotimiflorum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="pterocaulum" subSpecies="var." variety="dichotimiflorum">Solanum pterocaulum Dunal var. dichotimiflorum</taxonomicName>
Dunal, Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 13(1): 52. 1852, as '
<emphasis id="62CFACF92036259DC3648A7ACEFAFB20" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">opterocaulon</emphasis>
'. Type. Cultivated in France at Montpellier &quot;
<taxonomicName id="FC1BD9217878F0CE898159C25ACD255E" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Solanum</taxonomicName>
speciosum hort. botan&quot; (no specimens cited, described from living plants &quot;v.v. hort. Monsp.&quot;; neotype, designated by
<bibRefCitation id="A801347310F1417C2B4088FF9B876FCB" DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.106.21991" author="Saerkinen, T" journalOrPublisher="PhytoKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 223" refId="B209" refString="Saerkinen, T, Poczai, P, Barboza, GE, van der Weerden, GM, Baden, M, Knapp, S, 2018. A revision of the Old World black nightshades (Morelloid clade of Solanum L., Solanaceae). PhytoKeys 106: 1 - 223, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.106.21991" title="A revision of the Old World black nightshades (Morelloid clade of Solanum L., Solanaceae)." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.106.21991" volume="106" year="2018">
<normalizedToken id="6E6BFCAB68C7C71755ED17367F5CFB4B" originalValue="Särkinen">Saerkinen</normalizedToken>
et al. 2018
</bibRefCitation>
, pg. 73: MPU [MPU310703]).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BD22E3B17BEA87C8D3B28BA9B9D2223D" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName id="1B9C63387B5CCF2757916F97496EE9BF" authorityName="Dunal" authorityYear="1852" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum crenatodentatum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="crenatodentatum">Solanum crenatodentatum</taxonomicName>
Dunal, Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 13(1): 54. 1852. Type. Chile.
<normalizedToken id="353E66123134FEEBBC5CA04F157604BB" originalValue="Région">Region</normalizedToken>
VI (
<normalizedToken id="89CA04116574256967831D94AC936C4F" originalValue="O’Higgins">O'Higgins</normalizedToken>
): Colchagua, San Fernando, &quot;in selibus chilensibus San Fernando&quot;, Mar 1831,
<emphasis id="7FF709F92F78B5F5706421917CB3B88E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. Gay 2</emphasis>
(lectotype, designated by
<bibRefCitation id="1CB061BB1B666187F7E3017A3E09D206" DOI="https://doi.org/10.2307/2395139" author="D'Arcy, WG" journalOrPublisher="Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="573 - 780" refId="B53" refString="D'Arcy, WG, 1974a. [1973]) Solanaceae, Flora of Panama. Part 9. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 60: 573 - 780, DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/2395139" title="[1973]) Solanaceae, Flora of Panama. Part 9." url="https://doi.org/10.2307/2395139" volume="60" year="1974 a">
<normalizedToken id="83BBFCD567CC52B6236C46E26408536A" originalValue="D’Arcy">D'Arcy</normalizedToken>
1974a
</bibRefCitation>
, pg. 738: P [P00337274]).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="90739748139DE904BEA44BB161607DFF" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName id="332821CC9E0DC7554D183972B630AF53" authorityName="Dunal" authorityYear="1852" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum rancaguense" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rancaguense">Solanum rancaguense</taxonomicName>
Dunal, Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 13(1): 150. 1852. Type. Chile.
<normalizedToken id="6486C21D81A44ECD5EED294E6C2DFD4A" originalValue="Région">Region</normalizedToken>
VI (
<normalizedToken id="50E954C0EDBCEDD29BD5D74E7AEACFC3" originalValue="O’Higgins">O'Higgins</normalizedToken>
): Rancagua, May-Oct 1828,
<emphasis id="A51FA23D0D8D43D30F4509D7677E9BE5" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. Bertero 633</emphasis>
(lectotype, designated by
<bibRefCitation id="20648FC0AF5D5081F22FFD502FFCEFAA" DOI="https://doi.org/10.2307/4117874" author="Edmonds, JM" journalOrPublisher="Kew Bulletin" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="95 - 114" refId="B73" refString="Edmonds, JM, 1972. A synopsis of the taxonomy of Solanum sect. Solanum (Maurella) in South America. Kew Bulletin 27 (1): 95 - 114, DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/4117874" title="A synopsis of the taxonomy of Solanum sect. Solanum (Maurella) in South America." url="https://doi.org/10.2307/4117874" volume="27" year="1972">Edmonds 1972</bibRefCitation>
, pg. 107 [as holotype], second step designated by
<bibRefCitation id="18091236BBAA8ADB61F3A7928D4F6DCD" DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.106.21991" author="Saerkinen, T" journalOrPublisher="PhytoKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 223" refId="B209" refString="Saerkinen, T, Poczai, P, Barboza, GE, van der Weerden, GM, Baden, M, Knapp, S, 2018. A revision of the Old World black nightshades (Morelloid clade of Solanum L., Solanaceae). PhytoKeys 106: 1 - 223, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.106.21991" title="A revision of the Old World black nightshades (Morelloid clade of Solanum L., Solanaceae)." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.106.21991" volume="106" year="2018">
<normalizedToken id="EB6C2AA81C711657686C0AD1379B55F4" originalValue="Särkinen">Saerkinen</normalizedToken>
et al. 2018
</bibRefCitation>
, pg. 73: P [P00384088]; isolectotypes: BM [BM000617677], G [G00144259], M [M-0171928], MO [MO-503700], NY [NY00743695], P [P00384089], P [P00384090], P [P00384091], P [P00384092], P [P00482266], W [acc. # 1889-0283789]).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B2EBF802BC983BEAE1D8BCA8FCDB85E" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName id="D1E9F5564C8D0E928861AD57305F57E9" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum bridgesii" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="bridgesii">Solanum bridgesii</taxonomicName>
Phil., Linnaea 33: 203. 1864. Type. Chile.
<normalizedToken id="6258BDAD13E40F15702F5A5840257C01" originalValue="Región">Region</normalizedToken>
V (
<normalizedToken id="DDCD9555201DE005E13DC6FE62B1A6E6" originalValue="Valparaíso">Valparaiso</normalizedToken>
): Panquegue,
<emphasis id="665673D8B937DBFAE8CDA2AB659426A6" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">R.A. Philippi s.n.</emphasis>
(lectotype, designated by
<bibRefCitation id="9BAEADCC79373EEB1A58B994EDADC7C8" DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.106.21991" author="Saerkinen, T" journalOrPublisher="PhytoKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 223" refId="B209" refString="Saerkinen, T, Poczai, P, Barboza, GE, van der Weerden, GM, Baden, M, Knapp, S, 2018. A revision of the Old World black nightshades (Morelloid clade of Solanum L., Solanaceae). PhytoKeys 106: 1 - 223, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.106.21991" title="A revision of the Old World black nightshades (Morelloid clade of Solanum L., Solanaceae)." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.106.21991" volume="106" year="2018">
<normalizedToken id="A90A78C50DDEDBB0D074B04245B085A0" originalValue="Särkinen">Saerkinen</normalizedToken>
et al. 2018
</bibRefCitation>
, pg. 74: SGO [SGO000004549]).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="EF11D6112C37F6B51A0C23484E49E5FC" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName id="BC02C1C5E52E37B92045E3CC2EDBC41F" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum coxii" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="coxii">Solanum coxii</taxonomicName>
Phil., Linnaea 33: 200. 1864. Type. Chile.
<normalizedToken id="3145DD314317DA74C239F51AD5B0DD60" originalValue="Región">Region</normalizedToken>
X (Los Lagos): Todos los Santos, 1862,
<emphasis id="D6C1EB3BC8FB9716F7EC63825744EA04" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">G. Cox 38</emphasis>
(lectotype, designated by
<bibRefCitation id="41276A902B0E2B35B47F622A0C187B1D" DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.106.21991" author="Saerkinen, T" journalOrPublisher="PhytoKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 223" refId="B209" refString="Saerkinen, T, Poczai, P, Barboza, GE, van der Weerden, GM, Baden, M, Knapp, S, 2018. A revision of the Old World black nightshades (Morelloid clade of Solanum L., Solanaceae). PhytoKeys 106: 1 - 223, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.106.21991" title="A revision of the Old World black nightshades (Morelloid clade of Solanum L., Solanaceae)." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.106.21991" volume="106" year="2018">
<normalizedToken id="25931D55BB288398832CC5F077BF48E3" originalValue="Särkinen">Saerkinen</normalizedToken>
et al. 2018
</bibRefCitation>
, pg. 74: SGO [SGO000004555]; isolectotype: W [acc. # 1903-0010246]).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3C70702587F041849D49EC8E11AAD592" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName id="0BD3328EE80FB0C6F608BDF6368FAB8E" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum rancaguinum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rancaguinum">Solanum rancaguinum</taxonomicName>
Phil., Anales Univ. Chile 43: 523. 1873. Type. Chile.
<normalizedToken id="1CDE46D3C84DDA4BE937AF814E762119" originalValue="Región">Region</normalizedToken>
VI (
<normalizedToken id="27E252827EF926F5EAB4B2D2D6E88BA3" originalValue="O’Higgins">O'Higgins</normalizedToken>
): Rancagua, Mar 1828,
<emphasis id="62562D31A257429AA303E5FE2ADA3626" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. Bertero s.n.</emphasis>
(lectotype, designated by
<bibRefCitation id="29AED7955ED1FAB9B2A551E31EEC002D" DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.106.21991" author="Saerkinen, T" journalOrPublisher="PhytoKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 223" refId="B209" refString="Saerkinen, T, Poczai, P, Barboza, GE, van der Weerden, GM, Baden, M, Knapp, S, 2018. A revision of the Old World black nightshades (Morelloid clade of Solanum L., Solanaceae). PhytoKeys 106: 1 - 223, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.106.21991" title="A revision of the Old World black nightshades (Morelloid clade of Solanum L., Solanaceae)." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.106.21991" volume="106" year="2018">
<normalizedToken id="9E9F6D06DAE23F7CB6B7D2AAC20FF9FC" originalValue="Särkinen">Saerkinen</normalizedToken>
et al. 2018
</bibRefCitation>
, pg. 74: SGO [SGO000004594]).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CC61E48E5A9CEA5C80679A7512F095BB" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName id="0A16BC60A555FBBE744B1461EE0DDDFA" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum caudiculatum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="caudiculatum">Solanum caudiculatum</taxonomicName>
Phil., Anales Univ. Chile 91: 12. 1895. Type. Chile.
<normalizedToken id="49D78D38011423641E8F5B4836703A32" originalValue="Región">Region</normalizedToken>
VIII (
<normalizedToken id="C269F63F7D54DADCAE254D3995089887" originalValue="Bío-Bío">Bio-Bio</normalizedToken>
): Prov.
<normalizedToken id="81B16B5DFC898A2E45CFC09573D37773" originalValue="Ñuble">Nuble</normalizedToken>
,
<normalizedToken id="A737CBD0D119B525E5AACA07BF6931CA" originalValue="Coigüeco">Coigueeco</normalizedToken>
,
<emphasis id="0BF1C9660FF457AFD40BD74B81371003" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">F. Puga s.n.</emphasis>
(no original material located, not at SGO).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D821A670FFF545523231663EFF83B046" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName id="07DBCEA105626E0C41DC87A506A42F29" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum subandinum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="subandinum">Solanum subandinum</taxonomicName>
Phil., Anales Univ. Chile 91: 13. 1895, nom. illeg., not
<taxonomicName id="039B6B05E5428E5C0D445F1C9372BDB8" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum subandinum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="subandinum">Solanum subandinum</taxonomicName>
F.Meigen (1893). Type. Chile.
<normalizedToken id="E952854A8163C0559F9B674EDC82110A" originalValue="Región">Region</normalizedToken>
XIII (Metropolitana): Santiago, Las Condes,
<emphasis id="865596BFF8AF587B092B8691D800DC99" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">R.A. Philippi s.n.</emphasis>
(lectotype, designated by
<bibRefCitation id="F08281B8680337E912163FE73106E899" DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.106.21991" author="Saerkinen, T" journalOrPublisher="PhytoKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 223" refId="B209" refString="Saerkinen, T, Poczai, P, Barboza, GE, van der Weerden, GM, Baden, M, Knapp, S, 2018. A revision of the Old World black nightshades (Morelloid clade of Solanum L., Solanaceae). PhytoKeys 106: 1 - 223, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.106.21991" title="A revision of the Old World black nightshades (Morelloid clade of Solanum L., Solanaceae)." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.106.21991" volume="106" year="2018">
<normalizedToken id="7F9FCBE4BBAED85D52953D3C316EA00E" originalValue="Särkinen">Saerkinen</normalizedToken>
et al. 2018
</bibRefCitation>
, pg. 74: SGO [SGO000004600 = F neg. 2745]).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3B81ECC73A1FC11A9763FBED08788582" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName id="6523DAE6EF6A5BAE997E75D8D30A371D" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum ocellatum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ocellatum">Solanum ocellatum</taxonomicName>
Phil., Anales Univ. Chile 91: 14. 1895. Type. Chile.
<normalizedToken id="174ECE894E5B898FE6B67D4FB6CAA8B4" originalValue="Región">Region</normalizedToken>
XIII (Metropolitana): Prope Colina,
<emphasis id="559A3DFA6C4C4EE5227B82D963A30CBE" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">F. Philippi s.n.</emphasis>
(lectotype, designated by
<bibRefCitation id="3CDBDA95D5402E88DD99F7C47720CFBD" DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.106.21991" author="Saerkinen, T" journalOrPublisher="PhytoKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 223" refId="B209" refString="Saerkinen, T, Poczai, P, Barboza, GE, van der Weerden, GM, Baden, M, Knapp, S, 2018. A revision of the Old World black nightshades (Morelloid clade of Solanum L., Solanaceae). PhytoKeys 106: 1 - 223, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.106.21991" title="A revision of the Old World black nightshades (Morelloid clade of Solanum L., Solanaceae)." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.106.21991" volume="106" year="2018">
<normalizedToken id="0ABB2F3F2E197C9C3F561D650DEFB921" originalValue="Särkinen">Saerkinen</normalizedToken>
et al. 2018
</bibRefCitation>
, pg. 74: SGO [SGO000004582]; isotypes: SGO [SGO000004581], W [acc. # 1903-0010230]).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0725A6E3C3B99333B714866565861955" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName id="4BC1452A75766EAFB5DBB32E3AC6577E" authorityName="O.E.Schulz" authorityYear="1909" baseAuthorityName="Dunal" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum nigrum subsp. var. var. crentatodentatum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="nigrum" subSpecies="var." variety="crentatodentatum">Solanum nigrum L. var. crentatodentatum</taxonomicName>
(Dunal) O.E.Schulz, Symb. Antill. (Urban) 6: 160. 1909. Type. Based on
<taxonomicName id="6117AC632A5C3D3F47E3C708CBC646C4" authorityName="Dunal" authorityYear="1852" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum crenatodentatum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="crenatodentatum">Solanum crenatodentatum</taxonomicName>
Dunal.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="74B49D586553E51D0BBB79EBA89F5DA1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName id="6D7FBB8E9DE1C8F7BEB5213B303F31B4" authorityName="Witasek ex Reiche" authorityYear="1909" baseAuthorityName="Phil." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum bridgesii subsp. var. var. ocellatum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="bridgesii" subSpecies="var." variety="ocellatum">Solanum bridgesii Phil. var. ocellatum</taxonomicName>
(Phil.) Witasek ex Reiche, Anales Univ. Chile 124: 460. 1909. Type. Based on
<taxonomicName id="47E22729210CC960F9CF0D2C39B35027" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum ocellatum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ocellatum">Solanum ocellatum</taxonomicName>
Phil.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0EF1127B00C1E84A1083758BEDD8835D" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName id="4B0B1D2ABD19B0D46895730508F901BB" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum andinum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="andinum">Solanum andinum</taxonomicName>
Reiche, Fl. Chile 5: 346. 1910. Type. Based on (replacement name for)
<taxonomicName id="79D94AD1CFE69AA2C81E1A6743E69131" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum subandinum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="subandinum">Solanum subandinum</taxonomicName>
Phil.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2690DED4987254BA33E91154600025CE" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName id="383E47B61A6162EBB8ADF238C7EF3906" authorityName="Bitter" authorityYear="1912" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum tredecimgranum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tredecimgranum">Solanum tredecimgranum</taxonomicName>
Bitter, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 11: 6. 1912. Type. Chile.
<normalizedToken id="26D8DED3276FFF1FFD2DA83622FD23C6" originalValue="Región">Region</normalizedToken>
V (
<normalizedToken id="42521BBF93E1393B7811518B8F770B42" originalValue="Valparaíso">Valparaiso</normalizedToken>
):
<normalizedToken id="CB7CBC584E7633960D0CA55FC9C531C9" originalValue="Valparaíso">Valparaiso</normalizedToken>
, 17 Aug 1895,
<emphasis id="4BD1C25FDFEC42FEBB978500A5D81D75" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">O. Buchtien s.n.</emphasis>
(lectotype, designated by
<bibRefCitation id="F50C4D3B8AE3FDE673DE7654D30562D5" author="Barboza, GE" editor="Anton, AM" journalOrPublisher=") Flora Argentina (Vol. 13), Solanaceae. IOBDA- IMBIV, CONICET: Buenos Aires &amp; Cordoba, Argentina" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="231 - 264" refId="B10" refString="Barboza, GE, Knapp, S, Saerkinen, T, 2013. Grupo VII. Moreloide. In: Anton, AM, Zuloaga, FO, Eds., Barboza GE (Coord.) Flora Argentina (Vol. 13), Solanaceae. IOBDA- IMBIV, CONICET: Buenos Aires &amp; Cordoba, Argentina: 231 - 264" title="Grupo VII. Moreloide." volumeTitle="Barboza GE (Coord." year="2013">Barboza et al. 2013</bibRefCitation>
, pg. 246: US [US00432692, acc. # 139293]; isolectotypes: HBG [HBG-511497], US [US00681745, acc. # 139294]).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1F1919A56BC7789B7369B7088A4CF483" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName id="CB8603F038D4DB953B7CEB5877107772" authorityName="Bitter" authorityYear="1912" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum robinsonianum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="robinsonianum">Solanum robinsonianum</taxonomicName>
Bitter, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 11: 7. 1912. Type. Chile.
<normalizedToken id="3B671CA22E791B67FABB1D5AAD1EF1B3" originalValue="Región">Region</normalizedToken>
V (
<normalizedToken id="0DB4004682A584728B2F24660CAFFB43" originalValue="Valparaíso">Valparaiso</normalizedToken>
): Juan
<normalizedToken id="760C79936222C31137D9943ED40131EF" originalValue="Fernández">Fernandez</normalizedToken>
Island,
<emphasis id="1AE57BCAC082383EE0F40BFDFB31E636" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">R.A. Philippi 742</emphasis>
(holotype: B, destroyed [F neg. 2743]; lectotype, designated by
<bibRefCitation id="40B11A9397F83DC1043B0B2A7C3BC018" DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.106.21991" author="Saerkinen, T" journalOrPublisher="PhytoKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 223" refId="B209" refString="Saerkinen, T, Poczai, P, Barboza, GE, van der Weerden, GM, Baden, M, Knapp, S, 2018. A revision of the Old World black nightshades (Morelloid clade of Solanum L., Solanaceae). PhytoKeys 106: 1 - 223, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.106.21991" title="A revision of the Old World black nightshades (Morelloid clade of Solanum L., Solanaceae)." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.106.21991" volume="106" year="2018">
<normalizedToken id="8D466E922C06DAACC9238530ADE94999" originalValue="Särkinen">Saerkinen</normalizedToken>
et al. 2018
</bibRefCitation>
, pg. 74: W [acc. # 0001347]).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="893EBB4811456E60CD3921360AB026FA" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName id="515C4A36576B737EB73B764C9DD80335" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum masafueranum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="masafueranum">Solanum masafueranum</taxonomicName>
Bitter &amp; Skottsb., Nat. Hist. Juan Fernandez &amp; Easter Island 2: 167, pl. 14. 1922. Type. Chile.
<normalizedToken id="199AA5763938E74B30C85C8F4A889288" originalValue="Región">Region</normalizedToken>
V (
<normalizedToken id="66855A0F97E85B1A0318626F2435B921" originalValue="Valparaíso">Valparaiso</normalizedToken>
): Juan
<normalizedToken id="DA2B3DFCA301E304009ECBB912451C9F" originalValue="Fernández">Fernandez</normalizedToken>
Islands, Masafuera [Isla Alejandro Selkirk], Las Chozas, 715 m, 3 Mar 1917 [20 Feb 1917 on label],
<emphasis id="D6B69B01440D13C3828C80B0F9B8522E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. Skottsberg &amp; I. Skottsberg 363</emphasis>
(lectotype, designated by
<bibRefCitation id="91CA29C62A80264D7F4C17EF8FC6B72F" DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.106.21991" author="Saerkinen, T" journalOrPublisher="PhytoKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 223" refId="B209" refString="Saerkinen, T, Poczai, P, Barboza, GE, van der Weerden, GM, Baden, M, Knapp, S, 2018. A revision of the Old World black nightshades (Morelloid clade of Solanum L., Solanaceae). PhytoKeys 106: 1 - 223, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.106.21991" title="A revision of the Old World black nightshades (Morelloid clade of Solanum L., Solanaceae)." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.106.21991" volume="106" year="2018">
<normalizedToken id="17586DBE6B4147C716F111B2100EC64E" originalValue="Särkinen">Saerkinen</normalizedToken>
et al. 2018
</bibRefCitation>
, pg. 74: S [acc. # 04-2947]; isolectotypes: BM [BM000617676], LD [1643307], K [K000585692], NY [00172084], GOET [GOET003548], GB [GB0048742], P [P00337092], UPS [acc. # 104031]).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9BA6C6DFE79B972EFBD8FD20F2E0F59D" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName id="EA45BB6969BF4D314B52BEBEF95AB098" authorityName="C.V.Morton &amp; L.B.Smith" authorityYear="1976" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum spretum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="spretum">Solanum spretum</taxonomicName>
C.V.Morton &amp; L.B.Sm., Revis. Argentine Sp. Solanum 132. 1976. Type. Argentina.
<normalizedToken id="847754F832E32B289C9DA4715D9FF909" originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
Negro: Bariloche, 19 Mar 1939,
<emphasis id="AD8E75DBF46A3538A6DDBBDA17876AB9" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A.L. Cabrera 5024</emphasis>
(holotype: GH [00077764]; isotypes F [v0073411F, acc. # 1007493], LP [LP006791]).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="F74DE34D9CAE9F410120E6A35D03DAA8" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="B2FC3A06CB17813231371ADB298B187B" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<typeStatus id="E22CB2F71872A2C610242B4ED681F1EC">Type</typeStatus>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2CAEA64DBB693736FB9E938B188B430C" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<materialsCitation id="31F444E551B464615DD7E0A54AF19CAF" collectingDate="2023-01-01" collectingDateMax="2023-12-31" collectingDateMin="2023-01-01" collectorName="J. Dombey" country="Peru" location="Peru" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="lectotype">
<collectingCountry id="786DCECF35B3D6D940977359CDACC187" name="Peru">Peru</collectingCountry>
? [more likely
<collectingCountry id="6A2D10D9216DC3C19B8E405216E39383" name="Chile">Chile</collectingCountry>
]. &quot;Cette plante
<normalizedToken id="6CFAFC7C6515CF29D93BFFE0EE211A17" originalValue="croît">croit</normalizedToken>
au Perou&quot;,
<emphasis id="1AB6E8C3319840924DBAE16A25FECAE1" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<collectorName id="A44A8488681049D12C205EA638563885">J. Dombey</collectorName>
[343
</emphasis>
] (
<typeStatus id="932360763AFFBE3B69698FEDBF19552E">lectotype</typeStatus>
, first step designated by
<bibRefCitation id="D1CB119FC6AEF533F40BF13FD8F06ECE" DOI="https://doi.org/10.2307/4117874" author="Edmonds, JM" journalOrPublisher="Kew Bulletin" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="95 - 114" refId="B73" refString="Edmonds, JM, 1972. A synopsis of the taxonomy of Solanum sect. Solanum (Maurella) in South America. Kew Bulletin 27 (1): 95 - 114, DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/4117874" title="A synopsis of the taxonomy of Solanum sect. Solanum (Maurella) in South America." url="https://doi.org/10.2307/4117874" volume="27" year="1972">Edmonds 1972</bibRefCitation>
, pg. 107 [as
<typeStatus id="410D6EB0FDDA26A143E49B6ABCAA8065">holotype</typeStatus>
], second step designated by
<bibRefCitation id="77B7BA3DF92C738CEC2F84F564B476B9" author="Barboza, GE" editor="Anton, AM" journalOrPublisher=") Flora Argentina (Vol. 13), Solanaceae. IOBDA- IMBIV, CONICET: Buenos Aires &amp; Cordoba, Argentina" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="231 - 264" refId="B10" refString="Barboza, GE, Knapp, S, Saerkinen, T, 2013. Grupo VII. Moreloide. In: Anton, AM, Zuloaga, FO, Eds., Barboza GE (Coord.) Flora Argentina (Vol. 13), Solanaceae. IOBDA- IMBIV, CONICET: Buenos Aires &amp; Cordoba, Argentina: 231 - 264" title="Grupo VII. Moreloide." volumeTitle="Barboza GE (Coord." year="2013">Barboza et al. 2013</bibRefCitation>
, pg. 246: P [P00335357]; isolectotypes: B, destroyed [F neg. 2729]; CORD [CORD00006928], F [v0043232F, acc. # 976864], G [G00359946], G-DC [G00144483], P [P00335358])
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<caption id="5283027F7C9740B2CDBE96D0A791F32B" doi="10.3897/phytokeys.231.100894.figure59" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/897520" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 59" startId="F59">
<paragraph id="DE68EAD92F45C5ED802D185F2BE9BBBB" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis id="31C6E792C86524F13996FB07F3C42045" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 59.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="81AFEBDB3F4986876085C662469BF4A9" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum furcatum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="furcatum">
<emphasis id="8EE67F67E456A58193E5EF1F2AC70679" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum furcatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="606D177E8D56CF61DA3D3D2033456737" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
habit
<emphasis id="208E3E0BE0C8B2531ADFD9B130D17652" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
flower (
<emphasis id="C0FD690B376ED5B50F2FB6F9514FACD6" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A, B</emphasis>
<emphasis id="75C61985DC392F51BE78AFAB7E13E45A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Anonymous s.n.</emphasis>
, grown from seed sent by J. Edmonds, originally from California [
<accessionNumber id="FD825B0E437F98778C5745F59618766A" httpUri="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/protein/ADW42421">ADW 42421</accessionNumber>
]). Illustration by M.L. Szent-Ivany, first published in
<bibRefCitation id="874B23C6749DEC9822C863177515C010" author="Symon, DE" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Adelaide Bo-tanic Gardens" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 367" refId="B231" refString="Symon, DE, 1981. A revision of the genus Solanum in Australia. Journal of the Adelaide Bo-tanic Gardens 4: 1 - 367" title="A revision of the genus Solanum in Australia." volume="4" year="1981">Symon (1981)</bibRefCitation>
and previously published in
<bibRefCitation id="416CE006046468F1EDCC72A4756B268B" DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.106.21991" author="Saerkinen, T" journalOrPublisher="PhytoKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 223" refId="B209" refString="Saerkinen, T, Poczai, P, Barboza, GE, van der Weerden, GM, Baden, M, Knapp, S, 2018. A revision of the Old World black nightshades (Morelloid clade of Solanum L., Solanaceae). PhytoKeys 106: 1 - 223, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.106.21991" title="A revision of the Old World black nightshades (Morelloid clade of Solanum L., Solanaceae)." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.106.21991" volume="106" year="2018">
<normalizedToken id="3F784EB7ADC264E200BF2AE3F08022FB" originalValue="Särkinen">Saerkinen</normalizedToken>
et al. (2018)
</bibRefCitation>
. Courtesy of the Board of the Botanic Gardens and State Herbarium (Adelaide,
<collectingRegion id="FF64F27ACDEE1C6173A3C2523280DF0B" country="Australia" name="South Australia">South Australia</collectingRegion>
), reproduced with permission.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="5CDF099726817CF6F3E0A9F660CA0801" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
<paragraph id="D61DC604CEC61D45CC5C8E40BAA0EFC4" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="767465A0BBB4B1CE5B432D69B48D3604" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Annual or subwoody perennial herbs to 1 m high, erect to lax, sprawling to ca. 2 m across. Stems terete or ridged, green to purple tinged, not markedly hollow, sparsely pubescent with simple, uniseriate 1-5-celled eglandular trichomes 0.1-0.5 mm long; new growth sparsely to densely pubescent with similar simple, uniseriate 1-5-celled eglandular trichomes; older stems sparsely pubescent to glabrescent, pale yellowish brown. Sympodial units difoliate, the leaves not geminate. Leaves simple and shallowly sinuate, the blades (1.5-)4-8(-12) cm long, (0.6-)2.2-4.6(-6.5) cm wide, ovate to rhomboidal, widest in the lower half to third, membranous, discolorous; adaxial surface sparsely pubescent with simple, uniseriate trichomes like those on stem, these evenly spread along lamina and veins; abaxial surface more densely pubescent; major veins 4-6 pairs; base cuneate to acute, the two sides slightly unequal, decurrent on the petiole; margins entire or sinuate-dentate, this more pronounced in basal part of the leaf; apex acute; petioles 1-3.5 cm long, sparsely pubescent with simple uniseriate trichomes like those on stem. Inflorescences internodal, forked or more rarely unbranched, (1-)1.5-3(-4) cm long, with 6-14 flowers clustered at the tips (sub-umbelliform) or evenly spaced along the axis, sparsely pubescent with simple uniseriate trichomes like those on stem; peduncle (1-)1.5-2 cm long; pedicels 4-7.5 mm long, 0.2-0.3 mm in diameter at the base and 0.3-0.4 mm in diameter at the apex, straight and spreading, articulated at the base; pedicel scars spaced ca. 0.2-2.5 mm apart. Buds subglobose, the corolla exserted 1/3-1/2 from the calyx tube before anthesis. Flowers 5-merous, cosexual (hermaphroditic). Calyx tube 2-3 mm long, conical, the lobes 0.8-1.5 mm long, 0.6-1 mm wide, rectangular to narrowly obovate with obtuse to short-acute apices, pubescent with simple uniseriate trichomes like those on stem but shorter. Corolla 1.2-2 cm in diameter, white to lilac with a green or yellow-green central portion near the base, this sometimes purplish near the lobe midvein, stellate, lobed 1/3-1/2 of the way to the base, the lobes 5.5-7 mm long, 2.8-5.5 mm wide, strongly reflexed at anthesis, later spreading, densely pubescent abaxially with 1-4-celled simple uniseriate trichomes, especially along the margins and apex, these shorter than the trichomes of the stems and leaves. Stamens equal; filament tube minute; free portion of the filaments 0.9-1.6 (2) mm long, adaxially pubescent with tangled uniseriate 4-6-celled simple trichomes; anthers 2.3-3.3(-3.6) mm long, 0.8-1 mm wide, ellipsoid, yellow, poricidal at the tips, the pores lengthening to slits with age. Ovary globose, glabrous; style 6-6.5 mm long, straight or somewhat curved, long-exserted beyond the anther cone, densely pubescent with 2-3-celled simple uniseriate trichomes in the lower 1/2-2/3; stigma capitate, minutely papillate, yellow or green in live plants. Fruit a globose berry, 0.6-0.9 cm in diameter, dull green to purple at maturity, the pericarp matte, opaque, glabrous; fruiting pedicels 0.7-1.2 cm long, 0.2-0.4 mm in diameter at the base, 0.5-1 mm in diameter at the apex, strongly deflexed, not persistent; fruiting calyx not accrescent, the tube 1-2 mm long, the lobes 1.5-2.5 mm long, appressed against the berry. Seeds 30-40 per berry, 1.8-2 mm long, 1.4-1.5 mm wide, flattened and teardrop shaped with a subapical hilum, yellow-brown, the surface minutely pitted, the testal cells pentagonal in outline. Stone cells 6-14 per berry, 0.8-1 mm in diameter, scattered throughout the berry, cream-coloured. Chromosome number: 2n = 72 (
<bibRefCitation id="8D214F62BABC08AB85EAA9FDE7428506" author="Stebbins, GL" journalOrPublisher="Madrono" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="70 - 81" refId="B225" refString="Stebbins, GL, Paddock, EF, 1949. The Solanum nigrum complex in Pacific North America. Madrono 10: 70 - 81" title="The Solanum nigrum complex in Pacific North America." volume="10" year="1949">Stebbins and Paddock 1949</bibRefCitation>
, from Californian plants no voucher cited;
<bibRefCitation id="7783321604B14A014934ED1D6E14CB66" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8339.1977.tb01482.x" author="Edmonds, JM" journalOrPublisher="Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="141 - 178" refId="B74" refString="Edmonds, JM, 1977. Taxonomic studies on Solanum L. section Solanum (Maurella). Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 75 (2): 141 - 178, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8339.1977.tb01482.x" title="Taxonomic studies on Solanum L. section Solanum (Maurella)." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8339.1977.tb01482.x" volume="75" year="1977">Edmonds 1977</bibRefCitation>
, voucher from Chile
<emphasis id="A0C90547433FDC70C5701BDCDACCA319" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Hjerting &amp; Rahn 552</emphasis>
, not found or verified).
</paragraph>
<caption id="8A138EBBF6135FD910A4A61D937650D1" doi="10.3897/phytokeys.231.100894.figure60" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/897521" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 60" startId="F60">
<paragraph id="92A99C5743A6BC08990EE9B5DE7FAB38" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis id="C3D600491C43EC8947F9EF540B6E0946" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 60.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4157B3F8486EF8D0FBA870C4B03E4736" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum furcatum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="furcatum">
<emphasis id="5EB06506F5691C88551948EF24C10EF6" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum furcatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="8E4C7D01A38F5644D8FD0D3608C1987A" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
flowering branch
<emphasis id="6C69C51DF95AC74E5425117D2CAD4834" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
inflorescence with flowers at full anthesis
<emphasis id="FAA4DC8001FFB5956AE550749B7E296C" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C</emphasis>
developing fruits
<emphasis id="A756F1CD2515E834F137E691B9EE93BD" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D</emphasis>
mature fruits (
<emphasis id="83477F8DC8A8CB40603F2F6513EAD544" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A, B, D</emphasis>
<emphasis id="FB2B65C78E7A527211AEDCD75E469D51" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Knapp s.n.</emphasis>
Golden Gate Park
<emphasis id="88BAEDFA84501B9247BD5C44AF8180BE" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C</emphasis>
<emphasis id="4E8E9790010F99FECC5FF6C059CC5563" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Gardner &amp; Knees 8322</emphasis>
). Photos by S. Knapp and M. Gardner.
<emphasis id="1B107B26B3851EE0CFB5CDE00FFF907A" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A, B, D</emphasis>
previously published in
<bibRefCitation id="C01CCB2A5B0AA410F2F6D2CAE627C9D9" DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.106.21991" author="Saerkinen, T" journalOrPublisher="PhytoKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 223" refId="B209" refString="Saerkinen, T, Poczai, P, Barboza, GE, van der Weerden, GM, Baden, M, Knapp, S, 2018. A revision of the Old World black nightshades (Morelloid clade of Solanum L., Solanaceae). PhytoKeys 106: 1 - 223, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.106.21991" title="A revision of the Old World black nightshades (Morelloid clade of Solanum L., Solanaceae)." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.106.21991" volume="106" year="2018">
<normalizedToken id="F350CE2CA2FF19F1A7FCB5B53D7E4ED8" originalValue="Särkinen">Saerkinen</normalizedToken>
et al. (2018)
</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="063078B3BD6959AB1A4919704DCF0466" DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.123.31738" author="Knapp, S" journalOrPublisher="PhytoKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 174" refId="B136" refString="Knapp, S, Barboza, GE, Bohs, L, Saerkinen, T, 2019. A revision of the Morelloid Clade of Solanum L. (Solanaceae) in the Caribbean and North and Central America. PhytoKeys 123: 1 - 174, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.123.31738" title="A revision of the Morelloid Clade of Solanum L. (Solanaceae) in the Caribbean and North and Central America." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.123.31738" volume="123" year="2019">Knapp et al. (2019)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C33D4B92B0B618D4B5487635653D6226" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="C679CD057AF8082DAB252868D03778C6" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Distribution</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5BCE3C825CD8F106FCB67040D8179187" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis id="22B36687D7BDFE437BCD535AC033BDE3" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
(Fig.
<figureCitation id="D59E9D7122FAE075ACAB7EE012F3D061" captionStart="Figure 61" captionStartId="F61" captionText="Figure 61. Distribution map of Solanum furcatum in South America. For adventive distribution in North America and Australia, see Knapp et al. (2019) and Saerkinen et al. (2018) respectively." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.231.100894.figure61" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/897522" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">61</figureCitation>
).
</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="94BC56E3C8B39E5E35271E096394EDC7" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum furcatum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="furcatum">
<emphasis id="685344AF4EFF9CBD03802ACF2B05F75D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum furcatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is native to temperate southern Chile (including the Juan
<normalizedToken id="EBCA6A95D7A200E8886F80442B5F3DDC" originalValue="Fernández">Fernandez</normalizedToken>
Islands; Regions I [
<normalizedToken id="584BF5D4F35C677A36B448A8328882E9" originalValue="Tarapacá">Tarapaca</normalizedToken>
], II [Antofagasta], IV [Coquimbo], V [Valparaiso], VI [
<normalizedToken id="AD0B1E2877031C3AB15588F495B8D183" originalValue="O’Higgins">O'Higgins</normalizedToken>
], VII [Maule], VIII [
<normalizedToken id="4CDACCA420B0CB7955DC9E565FE6FC11" originalValue="Bío-Bío">Bio-Bio</normalizedToken>
], IX [Araucania], X [Los Lagos], XIII [Metropolitana], XIV [Los Rios]) and adjacent southern Andean Argentina (Provs. Chubut,
<normalizedToken id="680F37D3764988592197EB58AA0447B5" originalValue="Neuquén">Neuquen</normalizedToken>
,
<normalizedToken id="1ED60787432B6277D3A4D17AD5F15A49" originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
Negro). It is locally introduced and naturalised along the west coast of the United States of America, Australia and New Zealand (see
<bibRefCitation id="89007886A6F0B4900A1838A9A0DFAFFC" DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.106.21991" author="Saerkinen, T" journalOrPublisher="PhytoKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 223" refId="B209" refString="Saerkinen, T, Poczai, P, Barboza, GE, van der Weerden, GM, Baden, M, Knapp, S, 2018. A revision of the Old World black nightshades (Morelloid clade of Solanum L., Solanaceae). PhytoKeys 106: 1 - 223, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.106.21991" title="A revision of the Old World black nightshades (Morelloid clade of Solanum L., Solanaceae)." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.106.21991" volume="106" year="2018">
<normalizedToken id="DE2FB73500E0D2BBC362F28A0B14552A" originalValue="Särkinen">Saerkinen</normalizedToken>
et al. 2018
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="A428A20C13D37F6BA47D00CCC9DDCBF8" DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.123.31738" author="Knapp, S" journalOrPublisher="PhytoKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 174" refId="B136" refString="Knapp, S, Barboza, GE, Bohs, L, Saerkinen, T, 2019. A revision of the Morelloid Clade of Solanum L. (Solanaceae) in the Caribbean and North and Central America. PhytoKeys 123: 1 - 174, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.123.31738" title="A revision of the Morelloid Clade of Solanum L. (Solanaceae) in the Caribbean and North and Central America." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.123.31738" volume="123" year="2019">Knapp et al. 2019</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="E8504D38D76EA4401257C2BCD6079FE7" doi="10.3897/phytokeys.231.100894.figure61" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/897522" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 61" startId="F61">
<paragraph id="237DD850E5B4CFA54944B01A72B62FEC" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis id="5F17CB5ECCA0E6F5C8DEBA01300D29ED" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 61.</emphasis>
Distribution map of
<taxonomicName id="9254BD907D0B6E86C6670470A595298C" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum furcatum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="furcatum">
<emphasis id="F7EFF63AFA40CCF31A5EA9FB20FA14AE" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum furcatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in South America. For adventive distribution in North America and Australia, see
<bibRefCitation id="E96932F902415549385F29C163C77BF4" DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.123.31738" author="Knapp, S" journalOrPublisher="PhytoKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 174" refId="B136" refString="Knapp, S, Barboza, GE, Bohs, L, Saerkinen, T, 2019. A revision of the Morelloid Clade of Solanum L. (Solanaceae) in the Caribbean and North and Central America. PhytoKeys 123: 1 - 174, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.123.31738" title="A revision of the Morelloid Clade of Solanum L. (Solanaceae) in the Caribbean and North and Central America." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.123.31738" volume="123" year="2019">Knapp et al. (2019)</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="108C55A7AD5BA3D64F54F3E8339F9F30" DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.106.21991" author="Saerkinen, T" journalOrPublisher="PhytoKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 223" refId="B209" refString="Saerkinen, T, Poczai, P, Barboza, GE, van der Weerden, GM, Baden, M, Knapp, S, 2018. A revision of the Old World black nightshades (Morelloid clade of Solanum L., Solanaceae). PhytoKeys 106: 1 - 223, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.106.21991" title="A revision of the Old World black nightshades (Morelloid clade of Solanum L., Solanaceae)." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.106.21991" volume="106" year="2018">
<normalizedToken id="C032FC5C75FEBC4BE361067C887E85ED" originalValue="Särkinen">Saerkinen</normalizedToken>
et al. (2018)
</bibRefCitation>
respectively.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D22CE53D00F653E5D2055BAE7B68115A" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="ecology">
<paragraph id="735F4FFF930DD184262360C23A4705BC" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Ecology and habitat.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E940C6F5FCC46574417B01F84EFF9A8C" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
In its native range
<taxonomicName id="5EE43C857526CC9C14D563020373B51E" family="Solanaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. furcatum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="furcatum">
<emphasis id="8AA4BF7140E136956B5316CBAA83147A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. furcatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a plant of disturbed areas and forest edges in
<taxonomicName id="330DBD5C9739D60379072C575F05299C" class="Equisetopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Nothofagus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,IPNI" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Nothofagus" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="3EC60397AFCD6F07FA723E2455687B00" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Nothofagus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="856760E76FBE50B287DDD429A4276EED" class="Dicotyledones" family="Nothofagaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Fagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="family">Nothofagaceae</taxonomicName>
) forests; from near sea level in the more southern part of its range to 2,300 m elevation.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="904BE5085FDD76E3D4A2CC2CB6DC53F5" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="common names and uses">
<paragraph id="3BF89434071569E4EAD707EBC9A76808" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Common names and uses.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6851443D590B8F81836DE2BA4C3CAF2B" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Chile.
<normalizedToken id="717556E251A9B8AC766AB6A64F98742D" originalValue="Región">Region</normalizedToken>
V (Valparaiso): yerba mora (
<emphasis id="C5C22C23355601B96B9B426969B459E0" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Philippi s.n.</emphasis>
);
<normalizedToken id="BEB319632D58688471385B9C419AFA04" originalValue="Región">Region</normalizedToken>
VI (
<normalizedToken id="770927D229CD8C9160FD2F1A096782DD" originalValue="O’Higgins">O'Higgins</normalizedToken>
): yerba mora (
<emphasis id="1A6D612E5439CD92DC9DDEDAA19BED4D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Bertero 633</emphasis>
);
<normalizedToken id="C06562F84F5FBCC0F3D77FA8128B82B9" originalValue="Región">Region</normalizedToken>
VIII (
<normalizedToken id="550137A2F512AD87EDAFB7F95D6EB613" originalValue="Bío-Bío">Bio-Bio</normalizedToken>
): llaqui (
<emphasis id="CF096EE6246F9184465DFC24DB64D4B5" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Junge 2611</emphasis>
). No uses recorded.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="718200340259FEE4E8A17FCC6E17ED2B" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="preliminary conservation status">
<paragraph id="86304A8EBE0EF84E07370D02BE3A05B9" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Preliminary conservation status</paragraph>
<paragraph id="81CA7427E8D9698EDADEA0098B4F9488" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis id="2F5F7E980E275F931DE1354B255EAFC1" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
(
<bibRefCitation id="1708576DCF0C595E38A264CA8A5EAF2B" author="Ibarrola, DA" journalOrPublisher="Nueva Serie" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" publicationUrl="https://www.iucnredlist.org/resources/redlistguidelines" refId="B116" refString="2022. . https://www.iucnredlist.org/resources/redlistguidelines" url="https://www.iucnredlist.org/resources/redlistguidelines" year="2022">IUCN 2022</bibRefCitation>
).
</emphasis>
Least Concern [LC]. EOO = 342,557 km2 [LC]; AOO = 168 km2 [EN]; calculated using South American distribution only and excluding the Juan
<normalizedToken id="61FC1092B51515DC694E982B37FBC0F3" originalValue="Fernández">Fernandez</normalizedToken>
Islands.
<taxonomicName id="629BEA4FA1941E25E931A31FA9F9E90E" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum furcatum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="furcatum">
<emphasis id="B3079085D2B745029F8E7ED0DA8EB9CC" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum furcatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has a relatively large range in Chile and adjacent Argentina and is a plant of disturbed areas. It occurs within several Chilean protected areas and in Parque Nacional Bariloche (Argentina). The populations on the Juan
<normalizedToken id="E87F7A8DE09D7272C28FD356C15851ED" originalValue="Fernández">Fernandez</normalizedToken>
Islands are within the Juan
<normalizedToken id="93F1A201F83C15196BEF602EA65C040F" originalValue="Fernández">Fernandez</normalizedToken>
Archipelago National Park (Chile).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="014CBAD1D236A33051810A9E9766C810" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="D95420576E7BCE153143ACB8FF1A2E8C" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Discussion.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1B69F40FF5AD5D5ED0940CFBEF96BA67" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName id="7D4FFB722E62B6C7D612B22BC3A60077" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum furcatum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="furcatum">
<emphasis id="03449032124C5E3A1481FFDEF2544EBF" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum furcatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is similar to
<taxonomicName id="3FBE71B9B7AAFFA52F25AD5440AC3877" family="Solanaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. arequipense" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="arequipense">
<emphasis id="BBA6328740F6C3A175EC6B4DB1F8412F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. arequipense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, an endemic species found to the north in western Peru. The two taxa have long been confused (e.g.,
<bibRefCitation id="906662515118256FA136E03E2B086CDC" author="Nees von Esenbeck, CGD" journalOrPublisher="Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden (Vol. 127). St Louis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B172" refString="Nees von Esenbeck, CGD, 1843. Solanaceae. FJF Meyenii Observationes Botanicas in itinere circum terram institutas (opus posthumum). Nova Acta Physico-medica Academia Ceasareae Leopoldino-Carlinae Naturae Curiosum 19(suppl. 1): 383-393." title="Solanaceae. FJF Meyenii Observationes Botanicas in itinere circum terram institutas (opus posthumum). Nova Acta Physico-medica Academia Ceasareae Leopoldino-Carlinae Naturae Curiosum 19 (suppl. 1): 383 - 393." year="1843">Nees von Esenbeck 1843</bibRefCitation>
) and in our treatment of
<taxonomicName id="5863B6685153752ABE66F2E3CD0E54AE" family="Solanaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. furcatum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="furcatum">
<emphasis id="B7C4135505BF26023932924B0B96BB89" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. furcatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in its introduced range outside of South America (
<bibRefCitation id="0A2186667D421FC8A2087EC9B39024A9" DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.106.21991" author="Saerkinen, T" journalOrPublisher="PhytoKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 223" refId="B209" refString="Saerkinen, T, Poczai, P, Barboza, GE, van der Weerden, GM, Baden, M, Knapp, S, 2018. A revision of the Old World black nightshades (Morelloid clade of Solanum L., Solanaceae). PhytoKeys 106: 1 - 223, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.106.21991" title="A revision of the Old World black nightshades (Morelloid clade of Solanum L., Solanaceae)." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.106.21991" volume="106" year="2018">
<normalizedToken id="F1247233692A29683EFB2F99B3EED8FD" originalValue="Särkinen">Saerkinen</normalizedToken>
et al. 2018
</bibRefCitation>
), we considered them to be conspecific (e.g.,
<bibRefCitation id="284266D24FE771BBA2F78F0FFED833DA" DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.123.31738" author="Knapp, S" journalOrPublisher="PhytoKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 174" refId="B136" refString="Knapp, S, Barboza, GE, Bohs, L, Saerkinen, T, 2019. A revision of the Morelloid Clade of Solanum L. (Solanaceae) in the Caribbean and North and Central America. PhytoKeys 123: 1 - 174, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.123.31738" title="A revision of the Morelloid Clade of Solanum L. (Solanaceae) in the Caribbean and North and Central America." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.123.31738" volume="123" year="2019">Knapp et al. 2019</bibRefCitation>
: 67 illustrated
<taxonomicName id="F994F1C117CB5CA46C0DCD2846E40127" family="Solanaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. furcatum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="furcatum">
<emphasis id="D94604BD69A66FC3C7DB52E05F64A334" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. furcatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with a drawing of
<taxonomicName id="44621AD6C2D10B46F8877185A5B5B708" family="Solanaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. arequipense" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="arequipense">
<emphasis id="D70589E1F30F5D9198170F4BE3EE66DF" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. arequipense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). We recognise these two species here based on the subtle morphological differences that correspond to geographically distinct distributions. They are supported as evolutionarily distinct based on a molecular phylogeny that shows samples of the two species in distinct well supported clades (
<bibRefCitation id="407E4CFB955B7C81DD661B50D5C18457" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1002/ajb2.1827" author="Gagnon, E" journalOrPublisher="American Journal of Botany" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="580 - 601" refId="B92" refString="Gagnon, E, Hilgenhof, R, Orejuela, A, McDonnell, A, Sablok, G, Aubriot, X, Giacomin, LL, Gouvea, Y, Bohs, L, Dodsworth, S, Martine, C, Poczai, P, Knapp, S, Saerkinen, T, 2022. Phylogenomic discordance suggests polytomies along the backbone of the large genus Solanum. American Journal of Botany 109 (4): 580 - 601, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/ajb2.1827" title="Phylogenomic discordance suggests polytomies along the backbone of the large genus Solanum." url="https://doi.org/10.1002/ajb2.1827" volume="109" year="2022">Gagnon et al. 2022</bibRefCitation>
). Both taxa exhibit the combination of a long-exserted style with the exserted portion equal to or longer than the length of the anthers, shallowly lobed corolla, calyx lobes separated by a paler sinus, forked to unbranched inflorescences (rarely several times branching), and usually large, lush leaves. The inflorescence branches of
<taxonomicName id="4B97DBC56F69F7976C4D088AA062CECF" family="Solanaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. furcatum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="furcatum">
<emphasis id="5D015CE56E0BCC0984ACD70E750F1432" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. furcatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are less strongly divergent than those of
<taxonomicName id="3EFC63489BA080F7481FAC9CC169C94C" family="Solanaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. arequipense" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="arequipense">
<emphasis id="E707DF8B1AFC28A930328C5924EB3F96" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. arequipense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and the berries of
<taxonomicName id="26C008029E84AB8084F9C5771433CC64" family="Solanaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. furcatum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="furcatum">
<emphasis id="072646D534078A963C5945D5F2B3F7BD" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. furcatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
always have more than six stone cells, while those of
<taxonomicName id="CE422E367936C8730DD8371320491FE2" family="Solanaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. arequipense" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="arequipense">
<emphasis id="DF024B0DDCD4B4112B6CE0C196513C0A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. arequipense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have only two or stone cells are absent. On an annotation on the now-destroyed duplicate of
<normalizedToken id="D38905F1B3209A128C4AA870B37C4AC2" originalValue="Dombey’s">Dombey's</normalizedToken>
type gathering of
<taxonomicName id="9C2C3D164D6B38786A22A9452746C99F" family="Solanaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. furcatum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="furcatum">
<emphasis id="FE09A196BFBD72502535C7193C36BEF8" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. furcatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in B (F neg. 2723) Georg Bitter noted the presence of eight stone cells in the berries. Material of
<taxonomicName id="999100DA4B1358FCDC5DB8FE0321AF0E" family="Solanaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. furcatum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="furcatum">
<emphasis id="4752B6B2D83308A0207D348A4C65A163" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. furcatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from Juan
<normalizedToken id="7ED54A1F25B40C814D063BE38525A317" originalValue="Fernández">Fernandez</normalizedToken>
Islands differs from that collected in mainland Chile in having flowers with styles barely exserted from the anther tube. This could indicate flowers that are autogamous, a reproductive adaptation commonly associated with island life (
<bibRefCitation id="CC75B85EBA32D4865180DC667E7EF6C1" DOI="https://doi.org/10.3732/ajb.91.5.672" author="Schueller, S" journalOrPublisher="American Journal of Botany" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="672 - 681" refId="B213" refString="Schueller, S, 2004. Self-pollination in island and mainland populations of the introduced hummingbird-pollinated plant, Nicotiana glauca (Solanaceae). American Journal of Botany 91 (5): 672 - 681, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3732/ajb.91.5.672" title="Self-pollination in island and mainland populations of the introduced hummingbird-pollinated plant, Nicotiana glauca (Solanaceae)." url="https://doi.org/10.3732/ajb.91.5.672" volume="91" year="2004">Schueller 2004</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0DFE7DC7BB07CA9565EDAA72F1789FB8" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName id="AEA28F9954AA330CDEF89C2590A05E95" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum pentlandii" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pentlandii">
<emphasis id="A89F8141674B6506591ABCC5FBC6832C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum pentlandii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
also has similar globose buds and exserted styles but has much shorter anthers (less than 2 mm versus 2.5-3 mm in
<taxonomicName id="D4DF80AC70BC6BCC939AEE20D6EEA941" family="Solanaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. furcatum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="furcatum">
<emphasis id="8CE9B103E6A8759CBDA46A8675CEB92D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. furcatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) and shiny green berries that lack stone cells.
<taxonomicName id="70DF2941ED5453685A61AB266DDD470F" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum pentlandii" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pentlandii">
<emphasis id="60EEB53536D34141F284BE321AE8676E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum pentlandii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
occurs at high elevations in disturbed, nitrogen-rich areas in Peru and Bolivia and is not sympatric with
<taxonomicName id="D86CD280681DDFB9873CF5A1256A7C87" family="Solanaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. furcatum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="furcatum">
<emphasis id="04AA7B76D7A87FBE0C454416E5D4C50A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. furcatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5F519632D5C5CF0BEBEC6346FBF9EE46" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Details of typification for the synonyms of
<taxonomicName id="B7F8A4019280733F592B09D55C00594A" family="Solanaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. furcatum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="furcatum">
<emphasis id="FA21D1DAF6873BDDB79DDD8580E3D2F4" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. furcatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be found in
<bibRefCitation id="DD0939947FF1E81571B047FF49B31464" DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.106.21991" author="Saerkinen, T" journalOrPublisher="PhytoKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 223" refId="B209" refString="Saerkinen, T, Poczai, P, Barboza, GE, van der Weerden, GM, Baden, M, Knapp, S, 2018. A revision of the Old World black nightshades (Morelloid clade of Solanum L., Solanaceae). PhytoKeys 106: 1 - 223, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.106.21991" title="A revision of the Old World black nightshades (Morelloid clade of Solanum L., Solanaceae)." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.106.21991" volume="106" year="2018">
<normalizedToken id="DC9EAAB8975F7AA45D3CA22992547C1C" originalValue="Särkinen">Saerkinen</normalizedToken>
et al. (2018)
</bibRefCitation>
. In earlier works (
<bibRefCitation id="2502661BE03ECDB7D36A1AB07CAB0080" DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.106.21991" author="Saerkinen, T" journalOrPublisher="PhytoKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 223" refId="B209" refString="Saerkinen, T, Poczai, P, Barboza, GE, van der Weerden, GM, Baden, M, Knapp, S, 2018. A revision of the Old World black nightshades (Morelloid clade of Solanum L., Solanaceae). PhytoKeys 106: 1 - 223, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.106.21991" title="A revision of the Old World black nightshades (Morelloid clade of Solanum L., Solanaceae)." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.106.21991" volume="106" year="2018">
<normalizedToken id="9ED9630ED3984D0B936AD37282E30CCC" originalValue="Särkinen">Saerkinen</normalizedToken>
et al. 2018
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="85B6D8FFC15530A1B8A54FE064F1A2CB" DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.123.31738" author="Knapp, S" journalOrPublisher="PhytoKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 174" refId="B136" refString="Knapp, S, Barboza, GE, Bohs, L, Saerkinen, T, 2019. A revision of the Morelloid Clade of Solanum L. (Solanaceae) in the Caribbean and North and Central America. PhytoKeys 123: 1 - 174, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.123.31738" title="A revision of the Morelloid Clade of Solanum L. (Solanaceae) in the Caribbean and North and Central America." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.123.31738" volume="123" year="2019">Knapp et al. 2019</bibRefCitation>
) we did not lectotypify the four varieties of of
<taxonomicName id="F5393A5C74D172A7E896982B4F2F70A8" family="Solanaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. furcatum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="furcatum">
<emphasis id="05572D98828FE1BEA042F554871F3A03" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. furcatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
described by
<bibRefCitation id="0D52D6DF997A77BF382C282F2517AFA6" author="Nees von Esenbeck, CGD" journalOrPublisher="Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden (Vol. 127). St Louis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B172" refString="Nees von Esenbeck, CGD, 1843. Solanaceae. FJF Meyenii Observationes Botanicas in itinere circum terram institutas (opus posthumum). Nova Acta Physico-medica Academia Ceasareae Leopoldino-Carlinae Naturae Curiosum 19(suppl. 1): 383-393." title="Solanaceae. FJF Meyenii Observationes Botanicas in itinere circum terram institutas (opus posthumum). Nova Acta Physico-medica Academia Ceasareae Leopoldino-Carlinae Naturae Curiosum 19 (suppl. 1): 383 - 393." year="1843">Nees von Esenbeck (1843)</bibRefCitation>
from the collections of Franz
<normalizedToken id="B14A925D00A739B3DF0C9D51960229AF" originalValue="Meyen’s">Meyen's</normalizedToken>
trip around the world (1831-32). Franz
<normalizedToken id="C5458602E92896285518C9071F76B081" originalValue="Meyen’s">Meyen's</normalizedToken>
herbarium from his South American travels was held in B and destroyed, and we have found no duplicates of these collections (see also
<taxonomicName id="E711BBA8EC993D796BF2318EA8BA2D7D" family="Solanaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. arequipense" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="arequipense">
<emphasis id="CD64B5DB62E149C265A098C3D35B4B57" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. arequipense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) nor were any specimens photographed by J.F. Macbride as is the case for many other species. Nees von
<normalizedToken id="145AC2EBE85A3DD836A9236970FA6BDE" originalValue="Esenbeck’s">Esenbeck's</normalizedToken>
four taxa were distinguished based on leaf shape differences, notoriously difficult in the Morelloid clade. He (
<bibRefCitation id="857B8244E6462660D68826D224B732D2" author="Nees von Esenbeck, CGD" journalOrPublisher="Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden (Vol. 127). St Louis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B172" refString="Nees von Esenbeck, CGD, 1843. Solanaceae. FJF Meyenii Observationes Botanicas in itinere circum terram institutas (opus posthumum). Nova Acta Physico-medica Academia Ceasareae Leopoldino-Carlinae Naturae Curiosum 19(suppl. 1): 383-393." title="Solanaceae. FJF Meyenii Observationes Botanicas in itinere circum terram institutas (opus posthumum). Nova Acta Physico-medica Academia Ceasareae Leopoldino-Carlinae Naturae Curiosum 19 (suppl. 1): 383 - 393." year="1843">Nees von Esenbeck 1843</bibRefCitation>
) cited two collections each for three varieties, mixing plants from the distributions of
<taxonomicName id="270FC97F27DAC122CA58D45797D9FBA6" family="Solanaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. arequipense" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="arequipense">
<emphasis id="F5C9A1AC3581AF514D238E9EFCE014A4" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. arequipense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="0D6953AF2EAEAB06517D0402D0A51A18" family="Solanaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. furcatum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="furcatum">
<emphasis id="483765E05240E0584A9C625001425D4E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. furcatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(see discussion of
<taxonomicName id="91AE5142F3D4CD454E1D2A5E89C6AECD" authorityName="Nees" authorityYear="1843" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum furcatum subsp. var. var. subdentatum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="furcatum" subSpecies="var." variety="subdentatum">Solanum furcatum var. subdentatum</taxonomicName>
and var.
<taxonomicName id="768B15FF1628C323E8D17E62C8C1FA4C" authorityName="Nees" authorityYear="1843" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum furcatum var. subintegerrimum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="furcatum" variety="subintegerrimum">Solanum furcatum subintegerrimum</taxonomicName>
under
<taxonomicName id="55B1F5C8FCB4563317D5FCE05C8102F5" family="Solanaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. arequipense" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="arequipense">
<emphasis id="DF042A78484C734034167D86A967123A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. arequipense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). Var.
<taxonomicName id="FF5A77730F422AF11561CF27E84FBAD2" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum furcatum var. acutedentatum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="furcatum" variety="acutedentatum">Solanum furcatum acutedentatum</taxonomicName>
was based on collections from Valparaiso and from &quot;planitie circa Tacoram, alt. 14000-17000[ft]&quot; [
<normalizedToken id="BE98E7FE45F0EB030774DB5E5720A6BC" originalValue="Volcán">Volcan</normalizedToken>
Tacora on the Chile/Peru border];
<taxonomicName id="BCBE62CD311EE026C430B41F6C884FEA" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum furcatum subsp. var. var. obtusedentatum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="furcatum" subSpecies="var." variety="obtusedentatum">Solanum furcatum var. obtusedentatum</taxonomicName>
on collections from San Fernando in central Chile and Arequipa in Peru. We have chosen to neotypify these two varieties with specimens from areas near the cited collections from Chile, in order to link the varietal names with
<taxonomicName id="8C6E6C5B482D2E370F907FB3DAB120D1" family="Solanaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. furcatum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="furcatum">
<emphasis id="502120EFC0154ED3939E26AF23E8BCBB" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. furcatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Searches in SGO and CONC failed to reveal duplicates of either
<emphasis id="4C0CE8189AA13E1FE86A73A483A11279" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Philippi s.n.</emphasis>
from San Fernando or
<emphasis id="0FBA553D25084E805A0F8504537B515E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Gardner &amp; Knees 8356</emphasis>
, so we have reluctantly used as neotypes for var.
<taxonomicName id="B78FC8E7910BCE05F0B7FBE3DD02D1CF" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum furcatum var. obtusedentatum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="furcatum" variety="obtusedentatum">Solanum furcatum obtusedentatum</taxonomicName>
a collection we have seen in G and for var.
<taxonomicName id="FC15D29262C157BF6F3B31250A958317" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum furcatum var. acutedentatum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="furcatum" variety="acutedentatum">Solanum furcatum acutedentatum</taxonomicName>
the E duplicate we have seen of
<emphasis id="0C2126E4FEEBE378EBD241E0F7995F1D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Gardner &amp; Knees 8356</emphasis>
, rather than duplicates in Chilean herbaria.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7B75E45382D4F81AB1AD043A77D48EF6" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Specimens in Paris used by J.
<bibRefCitation id="043687F323804E947920259596D7B5B5" author="Remy, J" editor="Gay, C" journalOrPublisher="Botanica [Flora chilena]" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="38 - 98" refId="B187" refString="Remy, J, 1849. XCVI. Solaneas. In: Gay, C, Ed., Historia Politica y Fisica de Chile. Botanica [Flora chilena] 5: 38 - 98" title="XCVI. Solaneas." volume="5" volumeTitle="Historia Politica y Fisica de Chile." year="1849">
<normalizedToken id="7F0F5AC4F1F1317EB9F5C66A9BFD5A68" originalValue="Rémy">Remy</normalizedToken>
(1849)
</bibRefCitation>
to describe
<taxonomicName id="2B8DF658AC096307AC787A29A77E3AEE" authorityName="J.Remy" authorityYear="1849" baseAuthorityName="L." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Witheringia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Witheringia rubra" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rubra">
<emphasis id="E08C06B54F363DC78F30B26E25452BD1" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Witheringia rubra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
J.
<normalizedToken id="0131EE94BC1620F0A9150E0EF2F48016" originalValue="Rémy">Remy</normalizedToken>
are of plants of
<taxonomicName id="BC6F2E30F53E526AE41EBD813F2BE0E6" family="Solanaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. furcatum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="furcatum">
<emphasis id="3B0087A30E063A969B2145490D3F7E2B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. furcatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(see P00335356). He cited
<taxonomicName id="1CF2CA402CB67AE4541FE3CE040AA3EA" family="Solanaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. rubrum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="rubrum">
<emphasis id="9714B965FE7441D22532B0B0F1F1B324" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. rubrum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Mill. in synonymy and was clearly making a new combination based on that name. The type of the name
<taxonomicName id="7A3577C46B13EF2432BB7746A813BBB2" authorityName="J.Remy" authorityYear="1849" baseAuthorityName="L." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Witheringia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Witheringia rubra" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rubra">
<emphasis id="F3709ADCA8ACF03AB07B8FD87BC78BC7" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Witheringia rubra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is the type of
<taxonomicName id="181E09328BD5C05FD693536762D1EA03" family="Solanaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. rubrum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="rubrum">
<emphasis id="F59560941DE7237CF019C368E44A2C0D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. rubrum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Mill., itself a synonym of
<taxonomicName id="8E393B0AA6C4EC7AA723A4E65770E8F7" family="Solanaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. villosum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="villosum">
<emphasis id="0D7BF95A96930E0D4A716D290CE64AD6" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. villosum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(BM000942563 see
<bibRefCitation id="6E2C43CB6D7FE4148163ACBBC2B88AEF" DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.106.21991" author="Saerkinen, T" journalOrPublisher="PhytoKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 223" refId="B209" refString="Saerkinen, T, Poczai, P, Barboza, GE, van der Weerden, GM, Baden, M, Knapp, S, 2018. A revision of the Old World black nightshades (Morelloid clade of Solanum L., Solanaceae). PhytoKeys 106: 1 - 223, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.106.21991" title="A revision of the Old World black nightshades (Morelloid clade of Solanum L., Solanaceae)." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.106.21991" volume="106" year="2018">
<normalizedToken id="69B694C69DAB1F29C4AB0A4C154B1A39" originalValue="Särkinen">Saerkinen</normalizedToken>
et al. 2018
</bibRefCitation>
) although
<bibRefCitation id="799149A9865B0528D237CA9EC7C5223D" DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.106.21991" author="Saerkinen, T" journalOrPublisher="PhytoKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 223" refId="B209" refString="Saerkinen, T, Poczai, P, Barboza, GE, van der Weerden, GM, Baden, M, Knapp, S, 2018. A revision of the Old World black nightshades (Morelloid clade of Solanum L., Solanaceae). PhytoKeys 106: 1 - 223, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.106.21991" title="A revision of the Old World black nightshades (Morelloid clade of Solanum L., Solanaceae)." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.106.21991" volume="106" year="2018">
<normalizedToken id="72C19AC09A118CBDF605118A1FF2E6C8" originalValue="Särkinen">Saerkinen</normalizedToken>
et al. (2018)
</bibRefCitation>
failed to site it in the synonym of
<taxonomicName id="89C1186BC750E99588A9395AD2684E29" family="Solanaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. villosum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="villosum">
<emphasis id="C4A485F3666EB04568FE36860346F6D3" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. villosum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
<taxonomicName id="32B541EF0B9D761BFA04560CF1416F20" authorityName="J.Remy" authorityYear="1849" baseAuthorityName="L." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Witheringia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Witheringia rubra" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rubra">
<emphasis id="7A2CB33AA8EB32F1CA849F8E7D92F3A1" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Witheringia rubra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Mill.) J.
<normalizedToken id="1182339D3985CACE362EF440EC3F9525" originalValue="Rémy">Remy</normalizedToken>
is not a synonym of
<taxonomicName id="6DEEAD22101A5FBF56270B9018CF919F" family="Solanaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. furcatum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="furcatum">
<emphasis id="B86A7016C604E16D82F2374AE967FC7E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. furcatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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