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<document id="25EB33CC8D2694F163F476249562FB62" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5507.2.1" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13757527" ID-ZooBank="364BE931-9990-4788-97FB-310B75DEB57B" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="julia" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="julia" checkinTime="1726221140386" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Stonis, Jonas R., Diškus, Arūnas, Remeikis, Andrius, Orlovskytė, Svetlana &amp; Katinas, Liliana" docDate="2024" docId="7D26F014AA0F056437DAFD40FB48FC69" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5507.2.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5507 (2)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5507.2.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Tischeriidae" docType="treatment" docVersion="1" lastPageNumber="219" masterDocId="811F886CAA1E0576374DFC27FFE6FFE8" masterDocTitle="How high can trumpet moths occur: documentation of mountainous leaf-mining Tischeriidae, featuring a species from record-high elevations" masterLastPageNumber="223" masterPageNumber="201" pageNumber="218" updateTime="1726578710596" updateUser="julia" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="37F17F20A553A7C3365CF30B1A12C505">How high can trumpet moths occur: documentation of mountainous leaf-mining Tischeriidae, featuring a species from record-high elevations</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="E1B155EA0C2D7D40A92588AB61393A75">Stonis, Jonas R.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="C61773159510A3FE7AD4C1447D6BCCD6">State Research Institute Nature Research Centre, Akademijos g. 2, Vilnius 08412, Lithuania</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="DDDE55E648F5EE04FC6731A1B235410B">Diškus, Arūnas</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="35F96ED0AE7947521834C870310EA878" type="ORCID">0000-0003-0106-5546</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="425B01CF13E62540784C7AB8BE0DE32F">Vytautas Magnus University, K. Donelaičio g. 58, 44248, Kaunas, Lithuania</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="F87B5A7F02EF5DB9D91E72EF23DCC9F4" type="email">diskus.biotaxonomy@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="76FD78E520B5FBFA527138BACDC31C44">Remeikis, Andrius</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="22290B3EC43C296E21C8783891E67787" type="ORCID">0000-0002-9310-1112</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="14B78A3BAF1C378E5A6F30899BA51827">State Research Institute Nature Research Centre, Akademijos g. 2, Vilnius 08412, Lithuania</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="B5E5DE40439ADFBAEB6221E7E991B5AE" type="email">remeikis.andrew@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="D4CEB8095AF1871E8B62CCE921020E72">Orlovskytė, Svetlana</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="81CB768F9F96C563FF564927B466CEAC" type="ORCID">0000-0002-1643-7712</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="CEAAF39693CEF7159B79929B5495021F">State Research Institute Nature Research Centre, Akademijos g. 2, Vilnius 08412, Lithuania</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="B7475AA24AAD73400882662E7726851C" type="email">s.orlovskyte@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="D9260749BE6FECF5448A3A1404F860BF">Katinas, Liliana</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="F320FFE96E197F3A6393F69088083DBB" type="ORCID">0000-0002-6335-5402</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="75E0943B260BE277267DD1FB3E332C3D">Museo de La Plata, Paseo del Bosque s / n, 1900 La Plata, Argentina</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="A2C5943006022F1DA0ADF8660885240E" type="email">katinas@fcnym.unlp.edu.ar</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title id="B9D88A680AE73F747D3CFD84E4E3B1A5">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="97B3EE5AB8D15F39FCDFF2DBB081B350">2024</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="B50A04EC040FFB14BB7897789BAD3838">2024-09-12</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="4DCD6C7FDCF4206917622823C79FDEEF">5507</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="24FD34594EADD8F339B3EC847BA0F977" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.5507.2.1</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="9962137AD6061F6C6984520F6AE7A8BB" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="7D26F014AA0F056437DAFD40FB48FC69" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:7D26F014AA0F056437DAFD40FB48FC69" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/7D26F014AA0F056437DAFD40FB48FC69" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="219" pageId="17" pageNumber="218">
<subSubSection id="BD951289AA0F056737DAFD40FCCAFE69" box="[151,812,358,385]" pageId="17" pageNumber="218" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="F5304102AA0F056737DAFD40FCCAFE69" blockId="17.[151,812,358,385]" box="[151,812,358,385]" pageId="17" pageNumber="218">
<heading id="AE78F66EAA0F056737DAFD40FCCAFE69" bold="true" box="[151,812,358,385]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="17" pageNumber="218" reason="1">
<emphasis id="C7FB9D10AA0F056737DAFD40FCCAFE69" bold="true" box="[151,812,358,385]" pageId="17" pageNumber="218">
The most common altitudes for
<taxonomicName id="328F3A81AA0F05673568FD41FD59FE68" ID-CoL="626P7" box="[549,703,358,384]" class="Insecta" family="Tischeriidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="218" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Tischeriidae</taxonomicName>
to occur
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="BD951289AA0F056437DAFD8CFB48FC69" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="219" pageId="17" pageNumber="218" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="F5304102AA0F056737DAFD8CFB3AFE01" blockId="17.[151,1436,427,489]" pageId="17" pageNumber="218">
With data on all currently known
<taxonomicName id="328F3A81AA0F05673544FD8CFD74FE2D" box="[521,658,427,453]" class="Insecta" family="Tischeriidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="218" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Tischeriidae</taxonomicName>
species (192), we attempted to estimate the elevations where the most species are currently known to occur, thereby identifying the altitudes where
<taxonomicName id="328F3A81AA0F056734BBFDE8FB99FE01" box="[1014,1151,463,489]" class="Insecta" family="Tischeriidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="218" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Tischeriidae</taxonomicName>
prevail.
</paragraph>
<caption id="A1F0118AAA0F056737DAFAFBFB90F818" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13757563" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13757563" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13757563/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="218" startId="17.[151,264,1756,1780]" targetBox="[312,1278,516,1724]" targetPageId="17" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="F5304102AA0F056737DAFAFBFB90F818" blockId="17.[151,1436,1756,2032]" pageId="17" pageNumber="218">
<emphasis id="C7FB9D10AA0F056737DAFAFBFEB0F91C" bold="true" box="[151,342,1756,1780]" pageId="17" pageNumber="218">FIGURES 61–63.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="328F3A81AA0F05673611FAFBFE3EF91C" box="[348,472,1756,1780]" class="Insecta" family="Tischeriidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="218" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Tischeriidae</taxonomicName>
occurrence across different elevations. 61, based on the current data of the global fauna (192 species), with the record-high altitudes for
<taxonomicName id="328F3A81AA0F0567351CFB27FD2BF8F0" box="[593,717,1792,1816]" class="Insecta" family="Tischeriidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="218" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Tischeriidae</taxonomicName>
compared with the record-high altitude reported for
<taxonomicName id="328F3A81AA0F056733A0FB27FA94F8F0" box="[1261,1394,1792,1816]" class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="218" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Nepticulidae</taxonomicName>
; 62,
<taxonomicName id="328F3A81AA0F056737DAFB03FEF5F8D4" box="[151,275,1828,1852]" class="Insecta" family="Tischeriidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="218" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Tischeriidae</taxonomicName>
in the tropical regions (97 species) showing
<taxonomicName id="328F3A81AA0F05673592FB03FC5CF8D4" authorityName="Stonis &amp; Diškus &amp; Remeikis &amp; Orlovskytė &amp; Katinas" authorityYear="2024" box="[735,954,1828,1852]" class="Insecta" family="Tischeriidae" genus="Astrotischeria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="218" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="andina" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="C7FB9D10AA0F05673592FB03FC5CF8D4" box="[735,954,1828,1852]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="218">Astrotischeria andina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="C7FB9D10AA0F0567348CFB03FBF5F8D4" bold="true" box="[961,1043,1828,1852]" pageId="17" pageNumber="218">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="DCC8206BAA0F0567348CFB03FBF5F8D4" box="[961,1043,1828,1852]" pageId="17" pageNumber="218" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
as a species discovered at record-high altitudes; 63,
<taxonomicName id="328F3A81AA0F0567366DFB6FFE7AF888" box="[288,412,1864,1888]" class="Insecta" family="Tischeriidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="218" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Tischeriidae</taxonomicName>
in non-tropical regions (105 species) showing the species discovered at record-high altitudes in nontropical regions. *Note that the distribution of some species overlaps across different altitudes, and some species have been discovered in both tropical (Fig. 62) and non-tropical regions (Fig. 63). The total current number of
<taxonomicName id="328F3A81AA0F056733C0FBB7FAEFF840" box="[1165,1289,1936,1960]" class="Insecta" family="Tischeriidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="218" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Tischeriidae</taxonomicName>
species is still 192 (not 97+105). Note that this illustrative representation of the diversity of ecosystems, conveyed by J. R. Stonis, is presented in a stylized and idealized manner, without relying on precise depiction of the actual components.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="F5304102AA0C0564378AFCB0FC0DFE39" blockId="18.[151,1437,150,897]" pageId="18" pageNumber="219">
The study showed that more than half of currently known species (58.6%) are associated with elevations lower than
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. Many species (30.5%) are known from the elevation range between 1,000 and
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, and about 8.6% from the elevation range between 2,000 and
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(
<figureCitation id="6DB45D87AA0C056434DCFCF8FC00FF11" box="[913,998,223,249]" captionStart="FIGURES 61–63" captionStartId="17.[151,264,1756,1780]" captionTargetBox="[312,1278,516,1724]" captionTargetId="figure-127@17.[308,1280,510,1730]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURES 61–63. Tischeriidae occurrence across different elevations. 61, based on the current data of the global fauna (192 species), with the record-high altitudes for Tischeriidae compared with the record-high altitude reported for Nepticulidae; 62, Tischeriidae in the tropical regions (97 species) showing Astrotischeria andina sp. nov. as a species discovered at record-high altitudes; 63, Tischeriidae in non-tropical regions (105 species) showing the species discovered at record-high altitudes in nontropical regions. *Note that the distribution of some species overlaps across different altitudes, and some species have been discovered in both tropical (Fig. 62) and non-tropical regions (Fig. 63). The total current number of Tischeriidae species is still 192 (not 97+105). Note that this illustrative representation of the diversity of ecosystems, conveyed by J. R. Stonis, is presented in a stylized and idealized manner, without relying on precise depiction of the actual components." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13757563" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13757563/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="219">Fig. 61</figureCitation>
; note that the diversity of ecosystems, conveyed by J. R. Stonis, is presented in a stylized and idealized manner, without relying on precise depiction of the actual components). The truly high-elevation species occurring above
<quantity id="3277ECE7AA0C056434A1FD00FBADFEA9" box="[1004,1099,295,321]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="18" pageNumber="219" unit="m" value="3000.0">3,000 m</quantity>
count for about 2.3%. These include
<taxonomicName id="328F3A81AA0C056437BDFD6CFD65FE8D" authority="Diskus &amp; Stonis" authorityName="Diskus &amp; Stonis" box="[240,643,331,357]" class="Insecta" family="Tischeriidae" genus="Neotischeria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL,GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="219" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longa">
<emphasis id="C7FB9D10AA0C056437BDFD6CFE20FE8D" box="[240,454,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="219">Neotischeria longa</emphasis>
Diškus &amp; Stonis
</taxonomicName>
(at
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),
<taxonomicName id="328F3A81AA0C05643452FD6CFAE0FE8D" authority="(Diskus &amp; Stonis)" baseAuthorityName="Diskus &amp; Stonis" box="[799,1286,331,357]" class="Insecta" family="Tischeriidae" genus="Paratischeria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="219" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ferruginea">
<emphasis id="C7FB9D10AA0C05643452FD6CFBD0FE8D" box="[799,1078,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="219">Paratischeria ferruginea</emphasis>
(Diškus &amp; Stonis)
</taxonomicName>
(at
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),
<taxonomicName id="328F3A81AA0C056437DAFD48FD9FFE61" authority="Diskus &amp; Stonis" authorityName="Diskus &amp; Stonis" box="[151,633,367,393]" class="Insecta" family="Tischeriidae" genus="Astrotischeria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="219" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parapalens">
<emphasis id="C7FB9D10AA0C056437DAFD48FE5CFE61" box="[151,442,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="219">Astrotischeria parapalens</emphasis>
Diškus &amp; Stonis
</taxonomicName>
(at
<quantity id="3277ECE7AA0C056435E8FD48FCE2FE61" box="[677,772,367,393]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.32" pageId="18" pageNumber="219" unit="m" value="3320.0">3,320 m</quantity>
),
<taxonomicName id="328F3A81AA0C05643455FD48FB96FE61" authority="Diskus &amp; Stonis" authorityName="Diskus &amp; Stonis" authorityYear="2024" box="[792,1136,367,393]" class="Insecta" family="Tischeriidae" genus="Astrotischeria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="219" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="montivaga" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="C7FB9D10AA0C05643455FD48FC4BFE60" box="[792,941,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="219">A. montivaga</emphasis>
Diškus &amp; Stonis
</taxonomicName>
,
<emphasis id="C7FB9D10AA0C05643336FD48FB33FE61" bold="true" box="[1147,1237,367,393]" pageId="18" pageNumber="219">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="DCC8206BAA0C05643336FD48FB33FE61" box="[1147,1237,367,393]" pageId="18" pageNumber="219" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
(at
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), and
<taxonomicName id="328F3A81AA0C056437DAFDB4FE21FE45" authority="Diskus &amp; Stonis" authorityName="Diskus &amp; Stonis" authorityYear="2024" box="[151,455,403,429]" class="Insecta" family="Tischeriidae" genus="Astrotischeria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="219" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="andina" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="C7FB9D10AA0C056437DAFDB4FEE3FE45" box="[151,261,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="219">A. andina</emphasis>
Diškus &amp; Stonis
</taxonomicName>
,
<emphasis id="C7FB9D10AA0C0564369FFDB4FDCAFE45" bold="true" box="[466,556,403,429]" pageId="18" pageNumber="219">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="DCC8206BAA0C0564369FFDB4FDCAFE45" box="[466,556,403,429]" pageId="18" pageNumber="219" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
(at
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<geoCoordinate id="90BB27C5AA0C05643515FDB5FD70FE45" box="[600,662,402,429]" degrees="3,595" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="18" pageNumber="219" precision="55" value="3.595">3,595</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="90BB27C5AA0C056435DBFDB5FD02FE45" box="[662,740,402,429]" degrees="3,600" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="18" pageNumber="219" precision="55" value="-3.6">–3,600</geoCoordinate>
m
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). All these species occur in the Andes, South America. The latter species occupies record-high altitudes among
<taxonomicName id="328F3A81AA0C05643596FD90FC82FE39" box="[731,868,439,465]" class="Insecta" family="Tischeriidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="219" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Tischeriidae</taxonomicName>
worldwide.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F5304102AA0C0564378AFDFCFC4FFD41" blockId="18.[151,1437,150,897]" pageId="18" pageNumber="219">
Naturally, the mountainous species are most common in tropical regions due to favorable living conditions at higher altitudes compared to harsher non-tropical areas. By tropical regions, we primarily refer to the areas within the tropical zone surrounding the Equator, defined in latitude by the Tropic of Cancer in the Northern Hemisphere and the Tropic of Capricorn in the Southern Hemisphere, consequently excluding the countries of southern Africa. As an exception, we included some lush areas of the lower western Himalaya but excluded the southernmost parts of
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and the very north of
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, which lack a tropical climate.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F5304102AA0C0564378AFE94FB48FC69" blockId="18.[151,1437,150,897]" pageId="18" pageNumber="219">
Among the species occurring in non-tropical areas, the mountainous species living above the elevation of
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count only for 33% (
<figureCitation id="6DB45D87AA0C056436EDFEF0FE12FD19" box="[416,500,727,753]" captionStart="FIGURES 61–63" captionStartId="17.[151,264,1756,1780]" captionTargetBox="[312,1278,516,1724]" captionTargetId="figure-127@17.[308,1280,510,1730]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURES 61–63. Tischeriidae occurrence across different elevations. 61, based on the current data of the global fauna (192 species), with the record-high altitudes for Tischeriidae compared with the record-high altitude reported for Nepticulidae; 62, Tischeriidae in the tropical regions (97 species) showing Astrotischeria andina sp. nov. as a species discovered at record-high altitudes; 63, Tischeriidae in non-tropical regions (105 species) showing the species discovered at record-high altitudes in nontropical regions. *Note that the distribution of some species overlaps across different altitudes, and some species have been discovered in both tropical (Fig. 62) and non-tropical regions (Fig. 63). The total current number of Tischeriidae species is still 192 (not 97+105). Note that this illustrative representation of the diversity of ecosystems, conveyed by J. R. Stonis, is presented in a stylized and idealized manner, without relying on precise depiction of the actual components." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13757563" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13757563/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="219">Fig. 63</figureCitation>
), while those in tropical regions count for about 53% (including the high-elevation mountainous species) (
<figureCitation id="6DB45D87AA0C056436D2FEDCFE11FCFD" box="[415,503,763,789]" captionStart="FIGURES 61–63" captionStartId="17.[151,264,1756,1780]" captionTargetBox="[312,1278,516,1724]" captionTargetId="figure-127@17.[308,1280,510,1730]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURES 61–63. Tischeriidae occurrence across different elevations. 61, based on the current data of the global fauna (192 species), with the record-high altitudes for Tischeriidae compared with the record-high altitude reported for Nepticulidae; 62, Tischeriidae in the tropical regions (97 species) showing Astrotischeria andina sp. nov. as a species discovered at record-high altitudes; 63, Tischeriidae in non-tropical regions (105 species) showing the species discovered at record-high altitudes in nontropical regions. *Note that the distribution of some species overlaps across different altitudes, and some species have been discovered in both tropical (Fig. 62) and non-tropical regions (Fig. 63). The total current number of Tischeriidae species is still 192 (not 97+105). Note that this illustrative representation of the diversity of ecosystems, conveyed by J. R. Stonis, is presented in a stylized and idealized manner, without relying on precise depiction of the actual components." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13757563" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13757563/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="219">Fig. 62</figureCitation>
). Moreover, there are no
<taxonomicName id="328F3A81AA0C0564346CFEDCFC4CFCFD" box="[801,938,763,789]" class="Insecta" family="Tischeriidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="219" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Tischeriidae</taxonomicName>
species known to occur above
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in non-tropical areas, and only a few known to occur above
<quantity id="3277ECE7AA0C05643479FF38FC74FCD1" box="[820,914,799,825]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="18" pageNumber="219" unit="m" value="2000.0">2,000 m</quantity>
(
<figureCitation id="6DB45D87AA0C056434E9FF38FC1CFCD1" box="[932,1018,799,825]" captionStart="FIGURES 61–63" captionStartId="17.[151,264,1756,1780]" captionTargetBox="[312,1278,516,1724]" captionTargetId="figure-127@17.[308,1280,510,1730]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURES 61–63. Tischeriidae occurrence across different elevations. 61, based on the current data of the global fauna (192 species), with the record-high altitudes for Tischeriidae compared with the record-high altitude reported for Nepticulidae; 62, Tischeriidae in the tropical regions (97 species) showing Astrotischeria andina sp. nov. as a species discovered at record-high altitudes; 63, Tischeriidae in non-tropical regions (105 species) showing the species discovered at record-high altitudes in nontropical regions. *Note that the distribution of some species overlaps across different altitudes, and some species have been discovered in both tropical (Fig. 62) and non-tropical regions (Fig. 63). The total current number of Tischeriidae species is still 192 (not 97+105). Note that this illustrative representation of the diversity of ecosystems, conveyed by J. R. Stonis, is presented in a stylized and idealized manner, without relying on precise depiction of the actual components." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13757563" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13757563/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="219">Fig. 63</figureCitation>
). These include the North American
<taxonomicName id="328F3A81AA0C056437DAFF64FDF9FCB5" authority="(Braun)" baseAuthorityName="Braun" baseAuthorityYear="1972" box="[151,543,835,861]" class="Insecta" family="Tischeriidae" genus="Astrotischeria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="219" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="occidentalis">
<emphasis id="C7FB9D10AA0C056437DAFF64FE24FCB5" box="[151,450,835,861]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="219">Astrotischeria occidentalis</emphasis>
(Braun)
</taxonomicName>
at the elevation of
<quantity id="3277ECE7AA0C056435BFFF64FCA9FCB5" box="[754,847,835,861]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.1" pageId="18" pageNumber="219" unit="m" value="2100.0">2,100 m</quantity>
,
<taxonomicName id="328F3A81AA0C05643414FF64FB36FCB5" authority="(Braun)" baseAuthorityName="Braun" baseAuthorityYear="1927" box="[857,1232,835,861]" class="Insecta" family="Tischeriidae" genus="Coptotriche" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="219" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mediostriata">
<emphasis id="C7FB9D10AA0C05643414FF64FB95FCB5" box="[857,1139,835,861]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="219">Coptotriche mediostriata</emphasis>
(Braun)
</taxonomicName>
at the elevation of
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, and the Himalayan
<taxonomicName id="328F3A81AA0C05643696FF40FC92FC69" authority="Puplesis &amp; Diskus" authorityName="Puplesis &amp; Diskus" authorityYear="2003" box="[475,884,871,897]" class="Insecta" family="Tischeriidae" genus="Coptotriche" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="219" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hypericiphaga">
<emphasis id="C7FB9D10AA0C05643696FF40FD78FC69" box="[475,670,871,897]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="219">C. hypericiphaga</emphasis>
Puplesis &amp; Diškus
</taxonomicName>
at the elevation of
<quantity id="3277ECE7AA0C05643306FF40FB4CFC69" box="[1099,1194,871,897]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.4" pageId="18" pageNumber="219" unit="m" value="2400.0">2,400 m</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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