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<mods:title id="9F7CF73312AC9983C33BF10D99F3E20F">How high can trumpet moths occur: documentation of mountainous leaf-mining Tischeriidae, featuring a species from record-high elevations</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="E0642D191C304C353126D92FE1069A80">Stonis, Jonas R.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="528E63BC6F8DAF432FE77EE88B48ABE7">Diškus, Arūnas</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="C9C6C5DFE954CF3C2526743593BB1429">Remeikis, Andrius</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="F4327766E75C39FD9E3BA3D7E34EB73E">Orlovskytė, Svetlana</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="2B539E35E1255C241614F7B32F197321">Katinas, Liliana</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="7ECA08FD7BA6F2776D60401B99919B38">2024</mods:date>
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<emphasis id="C7FB9D10AA0E056637DAFCB0FAB2FF59" bold="true" box="[151,1364,151,178]" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">
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Molecular considerations of
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<taxonomicName id="328F3A81AA0E056636B6FCB0FCE7FF5A" authorityName="Stonis & Diškus & Remeikis & Orlovskytė & Katinas" authorityYear="2024" box="[507,769,151,178]" class="Insecta" family="Tischeriidae" genus="Astrotischeria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="217" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="andina" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="C7FB9D10AA0E056636B6FCB0FCE7FF5A" bold="true" box="[507,769,151,178]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">Astrotischeria andina</emphasis>
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sp. nov. occurring at the record-high elevations
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<paragraph id="F5304102AA0E056637DAFCF8FF06FE8D" blockId="16.[151,1437,223,1078]" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">
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The 650 bp fragment of mtDNA CO1 is highly functional in species identification for various animal groups (
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<bibRefCitation id="911E3CF3AA0E05663203FCF8FEC5FEF5" author="Hebert, P. D. N. & Cywinska, A. & Ball, S. L. & de Waard, J. R." pageId="16" pageNumber="217" pagination="313 - 321" refId="ref10775" refString="Hebert, P. D. N., Cywinska, A., Ball, S. L. & de Waard, J. R. (2003 a) Biological identifications through DNA barcodes. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, 270, 313 - 321. https: // doi. org / 10.1098 / rspb. 2002.2218" type="journal article" year="2003">
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Hebert
|
||||
<emphasis id="C7FB9D10AA0E056637DAFD23FF37FEF5" box="[151,209,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">et al.</emphasis>
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2003a
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
). However, it is difficult to obtain this sequence from air-dried museum specimens because of DNA degradation. For such cases, a universal DNA mini-barcode can be used (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="911E3CF3AA0E056634ADFD00FB05FEA9" author="Hajibabaei, M. & Smith, A. & Janzen, D. H. & Rodriguez, J. J. & Whitfield, J. B. & Hebert, P. D. N." box="[992,1251,295,321]" pageId="16" pageNumber="217" pagination="959 - 964" refId="ref10574" refString="Hajibabaei, M., Smith, A., Janzen, D. H., Rodriguez, J. J., Whitfield, J. B. & Hebert, P. D. N. (2006) A minimalist barcode can identify a specimen whose DNA is degraded. Molecular Ecology Notes, 6, 959 - 964. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1471 - 8286.2006.01470. x" type="journal article" year="2006">
|
||||
Hajibabaei
|
||||
<emphasis id="C7FB9D10AA0E05663329FD0FFB78FEA9" box="[1124,1182,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">et al.</emphasis>
|
||||
2006
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="911E3CF3AA0E056633BDFD00FF32FE8D" author="Meusnier, I. & Singer, G. A. C. & Landry, J. - F. & Hickey, D. A. & Hebert, P. D. N. & Hajibabaei, M." pageId="16" pageNumber="217" refId="ref11268" refString="Meusnier, I., Singer, G. A. C., Landry, J. - F., Hickey, D. A., Hebert, P. D. N. & Hajibabaei, M. (2008) A universal DNA mini-barcode for biodiversity analysis. BMC Genomics, 9, 214. https: // doi. org / 10.1186 / 1471 - 2164 - 9 - 214" type="journal volume" year="2008">
|
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Meusnier
|
||||
<emphasis id="C7FB9D10AA0E0566322FFD0FFA7BFEA9" box="[1378,1437,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">et al.</emphasis>
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2008
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
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||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="F5304102AA0E0566378AFD57FDC7FD6D" blockId="16.[151,1437,223,1078]" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">
|
||||
In this study, we successfully sequenced the 133 bp long DNA mini-barcode of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="328F3A81AA0E0566331EFD48FEE6FE45" authority="Diskus & Stonis" authorityName="Diskus & Stonis" authorityYear="2024" class="Insecta" family="Tischeriidae" genus="Astrotischeria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="217" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="andina" status="sp. nov.">
|
||||
<emphasis id="C7FB9D10AA0E0566331EFD48FAA0FE61" box="[1107,1350,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">Astrotischeria andina</emphasis>
|
||||
Diškus & Stonis
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<emphasis id="C7FB9D10AA0E05663643FDB4FE8DFE45" bold="true" box="[270,363,403,429]" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">
|
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="DCC8206BAA0E05663643FDB4FE8DFE45" box="[270,363,403,429]" pageId="16" pageNumber="217" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
, a species occurring at record-high elevations. This sequence was included in our molecular analyses using the NJ method with an
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="328F3A81AA0E05663505FD90FD32FE39" authorityName="Meyrick" authorityYear="1893" box="[584,724,439,465]" class="Insecta" family="Opostegidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="217" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Opostegidae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
outgroup. Unfortunately, none of them yielded a fully resolved tree: the best outcomes still had doubtful dichotomies and low bootstrap support values. The challenge of obtaining fully resolved molecular trees of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="328F3A81AA0E05663546FDD8FD4FFDF1" authorityName="Puplesis & Diskus" authorityYear="2003" box="[523,681,511,537]" class="Insecta" family="Tischeriidae" genus="Astrotischeria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="217" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="C7FB9D10AA0E05663546FDD8FD4FFDF1" box="[523,681,511,537]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">Astrotischeria</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
was briefly discussed in the monograph “Genera of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="328F3A81AA0E056633BAFDD8FA63FDF1" box="[1271,1413,511,537]" class="Insecta" family="Tischeriidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="217" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Tischeriidae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
: a review of the global fauna” (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="911E3CF3AA0E05663691FE04FD4CFDD5" author="Stonis, J. R. & Diskus, A. & Remeikis, A. & Orlovskyte, S. & Solis, M. A. & Paulaviciute, B. & Xu, J. & Dai, X." box="[476,682,547,574]" pageId="16" pageNumber="217" pagination="1 - 131" refId="ref12473" refString="Stonis, J. R., Diskus, A., Remeikis, A., Orlovskyte, S., Solis, M. A., Paulaviciute, B., Xu, J. & Dai, X. (2023) Genera of Tischeriidae (Lepidoptera): a review of the global fauna, with descriptions of new taxa. Zootaxa, 5333 (1), 1 - 131. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 5333.1.1" type="journal article" year="2023">
|
||||
Stonis
|
||||
<emphasis id="C7FB9D10AA0E05663561FE03FDB8FDD5" box="[556,606,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">et al</emphasis>
|
||||
. 2023
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
). In this publication, it was hypothesized that the partial sequences of the mtDNA CO1 are not useful for discrimination of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="328F3A81AA0E05663446FE60FBE5FD89" box="[779,1027,583,609]" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">
|
||||
<emphasis id="C7FB9D10AA0E05663446FE60FC4FFD89" box="[779,937,583,609]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">Astrotischeria</emphasis>
|
||||
species
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, what is common in cases where the rate of evolution is extremely high.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="F5304102AA0E0566378AFEA8FD62FCD1" blockId="16.[151,1437,223,1078]" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">
|
||||
Nevertheless, our study showed that each species involved in the analyses is distinct, including
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="328F3A81AA0E05663266FEA8FA7AFD41" authorityName="Stonis & Diškus & Remeikis & Orlovskytė & Katinas" authorityYear="2024" box="[1323,1436,655,681]" class="Insecta" family="Tischeriidae" genus="Astrotischeria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="217" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="andina" status="sp. nov.">
|
||||
<emphasis id="C7FB9D10AA0E05663266FEA8FA7AFD41" box="[1323,1436,655,681]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">A. andina</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
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<emphasis id="C7FB9D10AA0E056637DAFE94FF15FD25" bold="true" box="[151,243,691,717]" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">
|
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="DCC8206BAA0E056637DAFE94FF15FD25" box="[151,243,691,717]" pageId="16" pageNumber="217" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
According to
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="911E3CF3AA0E056636D6FE94FD76FD25" author="Hebert, P. D. N. & Ratnasingham, S. & de Waard, J. R." box="[411,656,691,717]" pageId="16" pageNumber="217" pagination="96 - 99" refId="ref10926" refString="Hebert, P. D. N., Ratnasingham, S. & de Waard, J. R. (2003 b) Barcoding animal life: cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 divergences among closely related species. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, Series B, 270, 96 - 99. https: // doi. org / 10.1098 / rsbl. 2003.0025" type="journal article" year="2003">
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Hebert
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<emphasis id="C7FB9D10AA0E056636BCFE93FDCAFD25" box="[497,556,691,717]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">et al.</emphasis>
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(2003b)
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||||
, 2% of evolutionary divergence of the mtDNA CO1 sequences is a threshold for 98% of animal species, while the distinction of analysed
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="328F3A81AA0E056634F2FEF0FB50FD19" box="[959,1206,727,753]" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">
|
||||
<emphasis id="C7FB9D10AA0E056634F2FEF0FBBBFD19" box="[959,1117,727,753]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">Astrotischeria</emphasis>
|
||||
species
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
ranged from 5.26 ± 2.3% (between
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="328F3A81AA0E0566360BFEDCFE55FCFD" authorityName="Stonis & Diškus & Remeikis & Orlovskytė & Katinas" authorityYear="2024" box="[326,435,763,789]" class="Insecta" family="Tischeriidae" genus="Astrotischeria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="217" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="andina" status="sp. nov.">
|
||||
<emphasis id="C7FB9D10AA0E0566360BFEDCFE55FCFD" box="[326,435,763,789]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">A. andina</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<emphasis id="C7FB9D10AA0E056636F7FEDCFDF2FCFD" bold="true" box="[442,532,763,789]" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">
|
||||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="DCC8206BAA0E056636F7FEDCFDF2FCFD" box="[442,532,763,789]" pageId="16" pageNumber="217" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="328F3A81AA0E05663507FEDCFC6BFCFD" authority="Diskus & Stonis" authorityName="Diskus & Stonis" box="[586,909,763,789]" class="Insecta" family="Tischeriidae" genus="Astrotischeria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="217" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atlantica">
|
||||
<emphasis id="C7FB9D10AA0E05663507FEDCFD2BFCFD" box="[586,717,763,789]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">A. atlantica</emphasis>
|
||||
Diškus & Stonis
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
) to 17.69± 4.07% (between
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="328F3A81AA0E05663386FEDCFF3BFCD1" authority="Diskus & Stonis" authorityName="Diskus & Stonis" class="Insecta" family="Tischeriidae" genus="Astrotischeria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="217" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jociui">
|
||||
<emphasis id="C7FB9D10AA0E05663386FEDCFACDFCFD" box="[1227,1323,763,789]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">A. jociui</emphasis>
|
||||
Diskus & Stonis
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="328F3A81AA0E05663659FF38FD9EFCD1" authority="Stonis & Vargas" authorityName="Stonis & Vargas" authorityYear="2019" box="[276,632,799,825]" class="Insecta" family="Tischeriidae" genus="Astrotischeria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="217" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="colombiana">
|
||||
<emphasis id="C7FB9D10AA0E05663659FF38FE51FCD1" box="[276,439,799,825]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">A. colombiana</emphasis>
|
||||
Stonis & Vargas
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="F5304102AA0E0566378AFF63FCB5FBDE" blockId="16.[151,1437,223,1078]" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">
|
||||
In half of our molecular trees,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="328F3A81AA0E05663558FF64FD66FCB5" authorityName="Stonis & Diškus & Remeikis & Orlovskytė & Katinas" authorityYear="2024" box="[533,640,835,861]" class="Insecta" family="Tischeriidae" genus="Astrotischeria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="217" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="andina" status="sp. nov.">
|
||||
<emphasis id="C7FB9D10AA0E05663558FF64FD66FCB5" box="[533,640,835,861]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">A. andina</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<emphasis id="C7FB9D10AA0E056635CBFF64FD38FCB5" bold="true" box="[646,734,835,861]" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">
|
||||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="DCC8206BAA0E056635CBFF64FD38FCB5" box="[646,734,835,861]" pageId="16" pageNumber="217" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
, as a separate clade, clustered with
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="328F3A81AA0E05663328FF64FA71FCB5" authority="Diskus & Stonis" authorityName="Diskus & Stonis" box="[1125,1431,835,861]" class="Insecta" family="Tischeriidae" genus="Astrotischeria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="217" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="yungasi">
|
||||
<emphasis id="C7FB9D10AA0E05663328FF64FB3CFCB5" box="[1125,1242,835,861]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">A. yungasi</emphasis>
|
||||
Diškus & Stonis
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
; however, this was never reliable, with very low bootstrap support values. In the other half of our analyses,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="328F3A81AA0E0566327DFF40FA7AFC69" authorityName="Stonis & Diškus & Remeikis & Orlovskytė & Katinas" authorityYear="2024" box="[1328,1436,871,897]" class="Insecta" family="Tischeriidae" genus="Astrotischeria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="217" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="andina" status="sp. nov.">
|
||||
<emphasis id="C7FB9D10AA0E0566327DFF40FA7AFC69" box="[1328,1436,871,897]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">A. andina</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<emphasis id="C7FB9D10AA0E056637DAFFACFF17FC4D" bold="true" box="[151,241,907,933]" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">
|
||||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="DCC8206BAA0E056637DAFFACFF17FC4D" box="[151,241,907,933]" pageId="16" pageNumber="217" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
, as a separate clade, clustered with
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="328F3A81AA0E056635C9FFACFCEEFC4D" box="[644,776,907,933]" class="Insecta" family="Tischeriidae" genus="Astrotischeria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="217" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atlantica">
|
||||
<emphasis id="C7FB9D10AA0E056635C9FFACFCEEFC4D" box="[644,776,907,933]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">A. atlantica</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<figureCitation id="6DB45D87AA0E0566345AFFACFC8DFC4D" box="[791,875,907,933]" captionStart="FIGURE 60" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[298,1288,1111,1909]" captionTargetId="figure-431@16.[288,1298,1101,1919]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 60. The Neighbor-Joining tree of the 133–639 bp long mtDNA CO1-5' sequences of Astrotischeria andina sp. nov. and related species. The divergence was calculated using the T92+G model and 10,000 replicates. Bootstrap values below 50 are not shown. Pseudopostega bogotensis Vargas was included as an outgroup." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13757561" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13757561/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">Fig. 60</figureCitation>
|
||||
), and sometimes with sufficient bootstrap support values. While the cluster
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="328F3A81AA0E056636FBFF88FDC2FC21" authorityName="Stonis & Diškus & Remeikis & Orlovskytė & Katinas" authorityYear="2024" box="[438,548,943,969]" class="Insecta" family="Tischeriidae" genus="Astrotischeria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="217" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="andina" status="sp. nov.">
|
||||
<emphasis id="C7FB9D10AA0E056636FBFF88FDC2FC21" box="[438,548,943,969]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">A. andina</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<emphasis id="C7FB9D10AA0E05663561FF88FD60FC21" bold="true" box="[556,646,943,969]" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">
|
||||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="DCC8206BAA0E05663561FF88FD60FC21" box="[556,646,943,969]" pageId="16" pageNumber="217" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
+
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="328F3A81AA0E056635EBFF88FCFBFC21" box="[678,797,943,969]" class="Insecta" family="Tischeriidae" genus="Astrotischeria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="217" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="yungasi">
|
||||
<emphasis id="C7FB9D10AA0E056635EBFF88FCFBFC21" box="[678,797,943,969]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">A. yungasi</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is not supported by morphological data or biology (host plants are from
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="328F3A81AA0E0566360AFFF4FE24FC05" box="[327,450,979,1005]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="16" pageNumber="217" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Asteraceae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
but very different), the cluster
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="328F3A81AA0E0566346DFFF4FC6BFC05" authorityName="Stonis & Diškus & Remeikis & Orlovskytė & Katinas" authorityYear="2024" box="[800,909,979,1005]" class="Insecta" family="Tischeriidae" genus="Astrotischeria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="217" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="andina" status="sp. nov.">
|
||||
<emphasis id="C7FB9D10AA0E0566346DFFF4FC6BFC05" box="[800,909,979,1005]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">A. andina</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<emphasis id="C7FB9D10AA0E056634D9FFF4FC08FC05" bold="true" box="[916,1006,979,1005]" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">
|
||||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="DCC8206BAA0E056634D9FFF4FC08FC05" box="[916,1006,979,1005]" pageId="16" pageNumber="217" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
+
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="328F3A81AA0E05663340FFF4FB76FC05" box="[1037,1168,979,1005]" class="Insecta" family="Tischeriidae" genus="Astrotischeria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="217" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atlantica">
|
||||
<emphasis id="C7FB9D10AA0E05663340FFF4FB76FC05" box="[1037,1168,979,1005]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">A. atlantica</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
can be substantiated by certain similarities in the male genitalia. Moreover, both species feed on the same plant genus,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="328F3A81AA0E056633ADFFD0FAB4FBF9" box="[1248,1362,1015,1041]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Baccharis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="16" pageNumber="217" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="C7FB9D10AA0E056633ADFFD0FAB4FBF9" box="[1248,1362,1015,1041]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">Baccharis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
L.:
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="328F3A81AA0E056632C9FFD0FF03FBDD" authorityName="Stonis & Diškus & Remeikis & Orlovskytė & Katinas" authorityYear="2024" class="Insecta" family="Tischeriidae" genus="Astrotischeria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="217" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="andina" status="sp. nov.">
|
||||
<emphasis id="C7FB9D10AA0E056632C9FFD0FF03FBDD" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">A. andina</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<emphasis id="C7FB9D10AA0E056637A1F83CFEA0FBDD" bold="true" box="[236,326,1051,1077]" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">
|
||||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="DCC8206BAA0E056637A1F83CFEA0FBDD" box="[236,326,1051,1077]" pageId="16" pageNumber="217" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
on
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="328F3A81AA0E05663622F83BFE15FBDD" box="[367,499,1051,1077]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Baccharis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="16" pageNumber="217" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="buxifolia">
|
||||
<emphasis id="C7FB9D10AA0E05663622F83BFE15FBDD" box="[367,499,1051,1077]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">B. buxifolia</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="328F3A81AA0E0566357DF83CFD55FBDD" box="[560,691,1051,1077]" class="Insecta" family="Tischeriidae" genus="Astrotischeria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="217" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atlantica">
|
||||
<emphasis id="C7FB9D10AA0E0566357DF83CFD55FBDD" box="[560,691,1051,1077]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">A. atlantica</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
on
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="328F3A81AA0E05663591F83BFCAAFBDD" box="[732,844,1052,1077]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Baccharis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="16" pageNumber="217" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="spicata">
|
||||
<emphasis id="C7FB9D10AA0E05663591F83BFCAAFBDD" box="[732,844,1052,1077]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">B. spicata</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption id="A1F0118AAA0E056637DAFBB0FC51F810" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13757561" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13757561" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13757561/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="217" startId="16.[151,250,1943,1967]" targetBox="[298,1288,1111,1909]" targetPageId="16" targetType="figure">
|
||||
<paragraph id="F5304102AA0E056637DAFBB0FC51F810" blockId="16.[151,1437,1943,2040]" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">
|
||||
<emphasis id="C7FB9D10AA0E056637DAFBB0FEC7F847" bold="true" box="[151,289,1943,1967]" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">FIGURE 60.</emphasis>
|
||||
The Neighbor-Joining tree of the 133–639 bp long mtDNA CO1-5' sequences of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="328F3A81AA0E05663324FBB0FAA3F847" authorityName="Stonis & Diškus & Remeikis & Orlovskytė & Katinas" authorityYear="2024" box="[1129,1349,1943,1967]" class="Insecta" family="Tischeriidae" genus="Astrotischeria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="217" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="andina" status="sp. nov.">
|
||||
<emphasis id="C7FB9D10AA0E05663324FBB0FAA3F847" box="[1129,1349,1943,1967]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">Astrotischeria andina</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="DCC8206BAA0E05663200FBBFFA7BF847" box="[1357,1437,1944,1967]" pageId="16" pageNumber="217" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||||
and related species. The divergence was calculated using the T92+G model and 10,000 replicates. Bootstrap values below 50 are not shown.
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="328F3A81AA0E0566367FFBF8FD6EF810" authority="Vargas" authorityName="Vargas" authorityYear="2020" box="[306,648,2015,2040]" class="Insecta" family="Opostegidae" genus="Pseudopostega" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="217" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bogotensis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="C7FB9D10AA0E0566367FFBF8FDD8F81F" box="[306,574,2015,2039]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">Pseudopostega bogotensis</emphasis>
|
||||
Vargas
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
was included as an outgroup.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<paragraph id="F5304102AA0F0567378AFCB0FAD4FEF5" blockId="17.[151,1437,151,285]" pageId="17" pageNumber="218">
|
||||
Neither of our molecular trees have proven that species from high altitudes are closely related (i.e., represent a certain phylogenetic trend of high-elevation species). Moreover,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="328F3A81AA0F056734CEFC9CFC17FF3D" authorityName="Stonis & Diškus & Remeikis & Orlovskytė & Katinas" authorityYear="2024" box="[899,1009,187,213]" class="Insecta" family="Tischeriidae" genus="Astrotischeria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="218" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="andina" status="sp. nov.">
|
||||
<emphasis id="C7FB9D10AA0F056734CEFC9CFC17FF3D" box="[899,1009,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="218">A. andina</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<emphasis id="C7FB9D10AA0F056734B5FC9CFBB4FF3D" bold="true" box="[1016,1106,187,213]" pageId="17" pageNumber="218">
|
||||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="DCC8206BAA0F056734B5FC9CFBB4FF3D" box="[1016,1106,187,213]" pageId="17" pageNumber="218" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="328F3A81AA0F056733C4FC9CFAEAFF3D" box="[1161,1292,187,213]" class="Insecta" family="Tischeriidae" genus="Astrotischeria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="218" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atlantica">
|
||||
<emphasis id="C7FB9D10AA0F056733C4FC9CFAEAFF3D" box="[1161,1292,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="218">A. atlantica</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, two species forming one phylogenetic cluster, represent two opposite extremes: the first occurring at record-high altitudes in the Peruvian Andes, while the latter is known from an altitude around
|
||||
<quantity id="3277ECE7AA0F056734CDFD25FC4DFEF5" box="[896,939,258,285]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="17" pageNumber="218" unit="m" value="5.0">5 m</quantity>
|
||||
on the Atlantic coast of
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="8D980192AA0F056733F6FD24FAC8FEF5" box="[1211,1326,259,285]" name="Argentina" pageId="17" pageNumber="218">Argentina</collectingCountry>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
</treatment>
|
||||
</document>
|
||||
233
data/7D/26/F0/7D26F014AA0F056437DAFD40FB48FC69.xml
Normal file
233
data/7D/26/F0/7D26F014AA0F056437DAFD40FB48FC69.xml
Normal file
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,233 @@
|
|||
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|
||||
<mods:mods id="B3E141247800022939C06D75C0377034" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
||||
<mods:titleInfo id="D8EBFCD1EF0A332899649B01B94B41B6">
|
||||
<mods:title id="37F17F20A553A7C3365CF30B1A12C505">How high can trumpet moths occur: documentation of mountainous leaf-mining Tischeriidae, featuring a species from record-high elevations</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="E1B155EA0C2D7D40A92588AB61393A75">Stonis, Jonas R.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="C61773159510A3FE7AD4C1447D6BCCD6">State Research Institute Nature Research Centre, Akademijos g. 2, Vilnius 08412, Lithuania</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="DDDE55E648F5EE04FC6731A1B235410B">Diškus, Arūnas</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="35F96ED0AE7947521834C870310EA878" type="ORCID">0000-0003-0106-5546</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="425B01CF13E62540784C7AB8BE0DE32F">Vytautas Magnus University, K. Donelaičio g. 58, 44248, Kaunas, Lithuania</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="F87B5A7F02EF5DB9D91E72EF23DCC9F4" type="email">diskus.biotaxonomy@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:roleTerm id="40950EC58DAA1D66AF6E7F409514518E">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="76FD78E520B5FBFA527138BACDC31C44">Remeikis, Andrius</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="22290B3EC43C296E21C8783891E67787" type="ORCID">0000-0002-9310-1112</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="14B78A3BAF1C378E5A6F30899BA51827">State Research Institute Nature Research Centre, Akademijos g. 2, Vilnius 08412, Lithuania</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="B5E5DE40439ADFBAEB6221E7E991B5AE" type="email">remeikis.andrew@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:roleTerm id="3D9E605DDCFD56E9AC658A84DE430737">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="D4CEB8095AF1871E8B62CCE921020E72">Orlovskytė, Svetlana</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="81CB768F9F96C563FF564927B466CEAC" type="ORCID">0000-0002-1643-7712</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="CEAAF39693CEF7159B79929B5495021F">State Research Institute Nature Research Centre, Akademijos g. 2, Vilnius 08412, Lithuania</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="B7475AA24AAD73400882662E7726851C" type="email">s.orlovskyte@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="D9260749BE6FECF5448A3A1404F860BF">Katinas, Liliana</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="F320FFE96E197F3A6393F69088083DBB" type="ORCID">0000-0002-6335-5402</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="75E0943B260BE277267DD1FB3E332C3D">Museo de La Plata, Paseo del Bosque s / n, 1900 La Plata, Argentina</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="A2C5943006022F1DA0ADF8660885240E" type="email">katinas@fcnym.unlp.edu.ar</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title id="B9D88A680AE73F747D3CFD84E4E3B1A5">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="7577925853D708BA63953CC503E3FE2E">
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<mods:date id="97B3EE5AB8D15F39FCDFF2DBB081B350">2024</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="B50A04EC040FFB14BB7897789BAD3838">2024-09-12</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="4DCD6C7FDCF4206917622823C79FDEEF">5507</mods:number>
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<mods:url id="9353F17F6E332A2A1D0FCDB708D76064">http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5507.2.1</mods:url>
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<treatment id="7D26F014AA0F056437DAFD40FB48FC69" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:7D26F014AA0F056437DAFD40FB48FC69" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/7D26F014AA0F056437DAFD40FB48FC69" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="219" pageId="17" pageNumber="218">
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<emphasis id="C7FB9D10AA0F056737DAFD40FCCAFE69" bold="true" box="[151,812,358,385]" pageId="17" pageNumber="218">
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The most common altitudes for
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<taxonomicName id="328F3A81AA0F05673568FD41FD59FE68" ID-CoL="626P7" box="[549,703,358,384]" class="Insecta" family="Tischeriidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="218" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Tischeriidae</taxonomicName>
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to occur
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<subSubSection id="BD951289AA0F056437DAFD8CFB48FC69" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="219" pageId="17" pageNumber="218" type="distribution">
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<paragraph id="F5304102AA0F056737DAFD8CFB3AFE01" blockId="17.[151,1436,427,489]" pageId="17" pageNumber="218">
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With data on all currently known
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<taxonomicName id="328F3A81AA0F05673544FD8CFD74FE2D" box="[521,658,427,453]" class="Insecta" family="Tischeriidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="218" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Tischeriidae</taxonomicName>
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species (192), we attempted to estimate the elevations where the most species are currently known to occur, thereby identifying the altitudes where
|
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<taxonomicName id="328F3A81AA0F056734BBFDE8FB99FE01" box="[1014,1151,463,489]" class="Insecta" family="Tischeriidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="218" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Tischeriidae</taxonomicName>
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prevail.
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="A1F0118AAA0F056737DAFAFBFB90F818" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13757563" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13757563" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13757563/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="218" startId="17.[151,264,1756,1780]" targetBox="[312,1278,516,1724]" targetPageId="17" targetType="figure">
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<paragraph id="F5304102AA0F056737DAFAFBFB90F818" blockId="17.[151,1436,1756,2032]" pageId="17" pageNumber="218">
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<emphasis id="C7FB9D10AA0F056737DAFAFBFEB0F91C" bold="true" box="[151,342,1756,1780]" pageId="17" pageNumber="218">FIGURES 61–63.</emphasis>
|
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<taxonomicName id="328F3A81AA0F05673611FAFBFE3EF91C" box="[348,472,1756,1780]" class="Insecta" family="Tischeriidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="218" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Tischeriidae</taxonomicName>
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occurrence across different elevations. 61, based on the current data of the global fauna (192 species), with the record-high altitudes for
|
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<taxonomicName id="328F3A81AA0F0567351CFB27FD2BF8F0" box="[593,717,1792,1816]" class="Insecta" family="Tischeriidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="218" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Tischeriidae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
compared with the record-high altitude reported for
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="328F3A81AA0F056733A0FB27FA94F8F0" box="[1261,1394,1792,1816]" class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="218" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Nepticulidae</taxonomicName>
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; 62,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="328F3A81AA0F056737DAFB03FEF5F8D4" box="[151,275,1828,1852]" class="Insecta" family="Tischeriidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="218" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Tischeriidae</taxonomicName>
|
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in the tropical regions (97 species) showing
|
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<taxonomicName id="328F3A81AA0F05673592FB03FC5CF8D4" authorityName="Stonis & Diškus & Remeikis & Orlovskytė & Katinas" authorityYear="2024" box="[735,954,1828,1852]" class="Insecta" family="Tischeriidae" genus="Astrotischeria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="218" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="andina" status="sp. nov.">
|
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<emphasis id="C7FB9D10AA0F05673592FB03FC5CF8D4" box="[735,954,1828,1852]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="218">Astrotischeria andina</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<emphasis id="C7FB9D10AA0F0567348CFB03FBF5F8D4" bold="true" box="[961,1043,1828,1852]" pageId="17" pageNumber="218">
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="DCC8206BAA0F0567348CFB03FBF5F8D4" box="[961,1043,1828,1852]" pageId="17" pageNumber="218" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
|
||||
as a species discovered at record-high altitudes; 63,
|
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<taxonomicName id="328F3A81AA0F0567366DFB6FFE7AF888" box="[288,412,1864,1888]" class="Insecta" family="Tischeriidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="218" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Tischeriidae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
in non-tropical regions (105 species) showing the species discovered at record-high altitudes in nontropical regions. *Note that the distribution of some species overlaps across different altitudes, and some species have been discovered in both tropical (Fig. 62) and non-tropical regions (Fig. 63). The total current number of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="328F3A81AA0F056733C0FBB7FAEFF840" box="[1165,1289,1936,1960]" class="Insecta" family="Tischeriidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="218" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Tischeriidae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
species is still 192 (not 97+105). Note that this illustrative representation of the diversity of ecosystems, conveyed by J. R. Stonis, is presented in a stylized and idealized manner, without relying on precise depiction of the actual components.
|
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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The study showed that more than half of currently known species (58.6%) are associated with elevations lower than
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. Many species (30.5%) are known from the elevation range between 1,000 and
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, and about 8.6% from the elevation range between 2,000 and
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(
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; note that the diversity of ecosystems, conveyed by J. R. Stonis, is presented in a stylized and idealized manner, without relying on precise depiction of the actual components). The truly high-elevation species occurring above
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count for about 2.3%. These include
|
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<taxonomicName id="328F3A81AA0C056437BDFD6CFD65FE8D" authority="Diskus & Stonis" authorityName="Diskus & Stonis" box="[240,643,331,357]" class="Insecta" family="Tischeriidae" genus="Neotischeria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL,GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="219" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longa">
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<emphasis id="C7FB9D10AA0C056437BDFD6CFE20FE8D" box="[240,454,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="219">Neotischeria longa</emphasis>
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Diškus & Stonis
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</taxonomicName>
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(at
|
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),
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<taxonomicName id="328F3A81AA0C05643452FD6CFAE0FE8D" authority="(Diskus & Stonis)" baseAuthorityName="Diskus & Stonis" box="[799,1286,331,357]" class="Insecta" family="Tischeriidae" genus="Paratischeria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="219" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ferruginea">
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<emphasis id="C7FB9D10AA0C05643452FD6CFBD0FE8D" box="[799,1078,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="219">Paratischeria ferruginea</emphasis>
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(Diškus & Stonis)
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||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(at
|
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),
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|
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<emphasis id="C7FB9D10AA0C056437DAFD48FE5CFE61" box="[151,442,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="219">Astrotischeria parapalens</emphasis>
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Diškus & Stonis
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</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(at
|
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),
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<taxonomicName id="328F3A81AA0C05643455FD48FB96FE61" authority="Diskus & Stonis" authorityName="Diskus & Stonis" authorityYear="2024" box="[792,1136,367,393]" class="Insecta" family="Tischeriidae" genus="Astrotischeria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="219" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="montivaga" status="sp. nov.">
|
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<emphasis id="C7FB9D10AA0C05643455FD48FC4BFE60" box="[792,941,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="219">A. montivaga</emphasis>
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Diškus & Stonis
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</taxonomicName>
|
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,
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<emphasis id="C7FB9D10AA0C05643336FD48FB33FE61" bold="true" box="[1147,1237,367,393]" pageId="18" pageNumber="219">
|
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="DCC8206BAA0C05643336FD48FB33FE61" box="[1147,1237,367,393]" pageId="18" pageNumber="219" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
|
||||
(at
|
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||||
), and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="328F3A81AA0C056437DAFDB4FE21FE45" authority="Diskus & Stonis" authorityName="Diskus & Stonis" authorityYear="2024" box="[151,455,403,429]" class="Insecta" family="Tischeriidae" genus="Astrotischeria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="219" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="andina" status="sp. nov.">
|
||||
<emphasis id="C7FB9D10AA0C056437DAFDB4FEE3FE45" box="[151,261,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="219">A. andina</emphasis>
|
||||
Diškus & Stonis
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<emphasis id="C7FB9D10AA0C0564369FFDB4FDCAFE45" bold="true" box="[466,556,403,429]" pageId="18" pageNumber="219">
|
||||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="DCC8206BAA0C0564369FFDB4FDCAFE45" box="[466,556,403,429]" pageId="18" pageNumber="219" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
(at
|
||||
<quantity id="3277ECE7AA0C05643515FDB5FCE3FE45" box="[600,773,402,429]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5975" metricValueMax="3.6" metricValueMin="3.595" pageId="18" pageNumber="219" unit="m" value="3597.5" valueMax="3600.0" valueMin="3595.0">
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="90BB27C5AA0C05643515FDB5FD70FE45" box="[600,662,402,429]" degrees="3,595" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="18" pageNumber="219" precision="55" value="3.595">3,595</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="90BB27C5AA0C056435DBFDB5FD02FE45" box="[662,740,402,429]" degrees="3,600" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="18" pageNumber="219" precision="55" value="-3.6">–3,600</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
m
|
||||
</quantity>
|
||||
). All these species occur in the Andes, South America. The latter species occupies record-high altitudes among
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="328F3A81AA0C05643596FD90FC82FE39" box="[731,868,439,465]" class="Insecta" family="Tischeriidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="219" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Tischeriidae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
worldwide.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="F5304102AA0C0564378AFDFCFC4FFD41" blockId="18.[151,1437,150,897]" pageId="18" pageNumber="219">
|
||||
Naturally, the mountainous species are most common in tropical regions due to favorable living conditions at higher altitudes compared to harsher non-tropical areas. By tropical regions, we primarily refer to the areas within the tropical zone surrounding the Equator, defined in latitude by the Tropic of Cancer in the Northern Hemisphere and the Tropic of Capricorn in the Southern Hemisphere, consequently excluding the countries of southern Africa. As an exception, we included some lush areas of the lower western Himalaya but excluded the southernmost parts of
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="8D980192AA0C056437FBFEA8FF1FFD41" box="[182,249,655,681]" name="China" pageId="18" pageNumber="219">China</collectingCountry>
|
||||
and the very north of
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="8D980192AA0C056436BCFEA8FDB5FD41" box="[497,595,655,681]" name="Vietnam" pageId="18" pageNumber="219">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
|
||||
, which lack a tropical climate.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="F5304102AA0C0564378AFE94FB48FC69" blockId="18.[151,1437,150,897]" pageId="18" pageNumber="219">
|
||||
Among the species occurring in non-tropical areas, the mountainous species living above the elevation of
|
||||
<quantity id="3277ECE7AA0C05643210FE94FF4BFD19" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="18" pageNumber="219" unit="m" value="1000.0">1,000 m</quantity>
|
||||
count only for 33% (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="6DB45D87AA0C056436EDFEF0FE12FD19" box="[416,500,727,753]" captionStart="FIGURES 61–63" captionStartId="17.[151,264,1756,1780]" captionTargetBox="[312,1278,516,1724]" captionTargetId="figure-127@17.[308,1280,510,1730]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURES 61–63. Tischeriidae occurrence across different elevations. 61, based on the current data of the global fauna (192 species), with the record-high altitudes for Tischeriidae compared with the record-high altitude reported for Nepticulidae; 62, Tischeriidae in the tropical regions (97 species) showing Astrotischeria andina sp. nov. as a species discovered at record-high altitudes; 63, Tischeriidae in non-tropical regions (105 species) showing the species discovered at record-high altitudes in nontropical regions. *Note that the distribution of some species overlaps across different altitudes, and some species have been discovered in both tropical (Fig. 62) and non-tropical regions (Fig. 63). The total current number of Tischeriidae species is still 192 (not 97+105). Note that this illustrative representation of the diversity of ecosystems, conveyed by J. R. Stonis, is presented in a stylized and idealized manner, without relying on precise depiction of the actual components." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13757563" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13757563/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="219">Fig. 63</figureCitation>
|
||||
), while those in tropical regions count for about 53% (including the high-elevation mountainous species) (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="6DB45D87AA0C056436D2FEDCFE11FCFD" box="[415,503,763,789]" captionStart="FIGURES 61–63" captionStartId="17.[151,264,1756,1780]" captionTargetBox="[312,1278,516,1724]" captionTargetId="figure-127@17.[308,1280,510,1730]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURES 61–63. Tischeriidae occurrence across different elevations. 61, based on the current data of the global fauna (192 species), with the record-high altitudes for Tischeriidae compared with the record-high altitude reported for Nepticulidae; 62, Tischeriidae in the tropical regions (97 species) showing Astrotischeria andina sp. nov. as a species discovered at record-high altitudes; 63, Tischeriidae in non-tropical regions (105 species) showing the species discovered at record-high altitudes in nontropical regions. *Note that the distribution of some species overlaps across different altitudes, and some species have been discovered in both tropical (Fig. 62) and non-tropical regions (Fig. 63). The total current number of Tischeriidae species is still 192 (not 97+105). Note that this illustrative representation of the diversity of ecosystems, conveyed by J. R. Stonis, is presented in a stylized and idealized manner, without relying on precise depiction of the actual components." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13757563" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13757563/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="219">Fig. 62</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Moreover, there are no
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="328F3A81AA0C0564346CFEDCFC4CFCFD" box="[801,938,763,789]" class="Insecta" family="Tischeriidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="219" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Tischeriidae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
species known to occur above
|
||||
<quantity id="3277ECE7AA0C05643250FEDCFA9AFCFD" box="[1309,1404,763,789]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="18" pageNumber="219" unit="m" value="3000.0">3,000 m</quantity>
|
||||
in non-tropical areas, and only a few known to occur above
|
||||
<quantity id="3277ECE7AA0C05643479FF38FC74FCD1" box="[820,914,799,825]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="18" pageNumber="219" unit="m" value="2000.0">2,000 m</quantity>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<figureCitation id="6DB45D87AA0C056434E9FF38FC1CFCD1" box="[932,1018,799,825]" captionStart="FIGURES 61–63" captionStartId="17.[151,264,1756,1780]" captionTargetBox="[312,1278,516,1724]" captionTargetId="figure-127@17.[308,1280,510,1730]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURES 61–63. Tischeriidae occurrence across different elevations. 61, based on the current data of the global fauna (192 species), with the record-high altitudes for Tischeriidae compared with the record-high altitude reported for Nepticulidae; 62, Tischeriidae in the tropical regions (97 species) showing Astrotischeria andina sp. nov. as a species discovered at record-high altitudes; 63, Tischeriidae in non-tropical regions (105 species) showing the species discovered at record-high altitudes in nontropical regions. *Note that the distribution of some species overlaps across different altitudes, and some species have been discovered in both tropical (Fig. 62) and non-tropical regions (Fig. 63). The total current number of Tischeriidae species is still 192 (not 97+105). Note that this illustrative representation of the diversity of ecosystems, conveyed by J. R. Stonis, is presented in a stylized and idealized manner, without relying on precise depiction of the actual components." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13757563" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13757563/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="219">Fig. 63</figureCitation>
|
||||
). These include the North American
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="328F3A81AA0C056437DAFF64FDF9FCB5" authority="(Braun)" baseAuthorityName="Braun" baseAuthorityYear="1972" box="[151,543,835,861]" class="Insecta" family="Tischeriidae" genus="Astrotischeria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="219" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="occidentalis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="C7FB9D10AA0C056437DAFF64FE24FCB5" box="[151,450,835,861]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="219">Astrotischeria occidentalis</emphasis>
|
||||
(Braun)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
at the elevation of
|
||||
<quantity id="3277ECE7AA0C056435BFFF64FCA9FCB5" box="[754,847,835,861]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.1" pageId="18" pageNumber="219" unit="m" value="2100.0">2,100 m</quantity>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="328F3A81AA0C05643414FF64FB36FCB5" authority="(Braun)" baseAuthorityName="Braun" baseAuthorityYear="1927" box="[857,1232,835,861]" class="Insecta" family="Tischeriidae" genus="Coptotriche" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="219" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mediostriata">
|
||||
<emphasis id="C7FB9D10AA0C05643414FF64FB95FCB5" box="[857,1139,835,861]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="219">Coptotriche mediostriata</emphasis>
|
||||
(Braun)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
at the elevation of
|
||||
<quantity id="3277ECE7AA0C056437DAFF41FF13FC69" box="[151,245,870,897]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.54" pageId="18" pageNumber="219" unit="m" value="2540.0">2,540 m</quantity>
|
||||
, and the Himalayan
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="328F3A81AA0C05643696FF40FC92FC69" authority="Puplesis & Diskus" authorityName="Puplesis & Diskus" authorityYear="2003" box="[475,884,871,897]" class="Insecta" family="Tischeriidae" genus="Coptotriche" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="219" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hypericiphaga">
|
||||
<emphasis id="C7FB9D10AA0C05643696FF40FD78FC69" box="[475,670,871,897]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="219">C. hypericiphaga</emphasis>
|
||||
Puplesis & Diškus
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
at the elevation of
|
||||
<quantity id="3277ECE7AA0C05643306FF40FB4CFC69" box="[1099,1194,871,897]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.4" pageId="18" pageNumber="219" unit="m" value="2400.0">2,400 m</quantity>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
</treatment>
|
||||
</document>
|
||||
Loading…
Reference in a new issue