184 lines
31 KiB
XML
184 lines
31 KiB
XML
<document id="8C072E3CD69160BEDE812924A6BB8DAF" ENCODING="Cp1252" ID-GBIF-Dataset="2a850022-3fbc-4643-a17a-8f7bca314619" ModsDocID="20017" checkinTime="1252781348276" checkinUser="donat" docAuthor="Wilson, E. O." docDate="2003" docId="62936D57D5B407BBB14C19D5FCCB4721" docLanguage="en" docName="20017_p_and_more_group_gg1.xml" docOrigin="Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press" docSource="http://atbi.biosci.ohio-state.edu/HymOnline/reference-full.html?id=20017" docTitle="Pheidole pilifera" docType="treatment" docVersion="13" lastPageNumber="590" masterDocId="73EDC9C5AB0725CB6B0DF69F187F7798" masterDocTitle="Pheidole in the New World. A dominant, hyperdiverse ant genus." pageNumber="589" updateTime="1701311082057" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:mods id="EDDEADFFF0F3362C34DBC85CADD9C328" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="ECE74DA88F412B12B6523C02DFA14021">
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<mods:title id="FA27230304C87AAABF22C4F237465C71">Pheidole in the New World. A dominant, hyperdiverse ant genus.</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="2C1244F01B6D11EF2D605EF8AC1E6DC6" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="4DC8C03F31D1E2AB735EC509528FADCB">
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<mods:roleTerm id="C697BB5D0949008401099BA10D670175">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="F13BB048D572E3BC60DE575E7B81DCB7">Wilson, E. O.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="36944B98D54E465BA538515DA7D9EB17">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:dateIssued id="FF9ACA4CF77DBD6C879B658122B6E5D2">2003</mods:dateIssued>
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<mods:publisher id="78BEA61A2A4D4B198E0153360E14D7DA">Harvard University Press</mods:publisher>
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<mods:placeTerm id="C6A1650DE5DC1970BFEBDD93280E3435">Cambridge, MA</mods:placeTerm>
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<mods:url id="8F17DE6DF610EB9D695575573BA6C250">http://atbi.biosci.ohio-state.edu/HymOnline/reference-full.html?id=20017</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification id="AD163AA56B32D68A8F32A4113699265A">book</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="0ACEEAB385F9FE276C3C6305612BA285" type="HNS-Pub">20017</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment id="62936D57D5B407BBB14C19D5FCCB4721" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6274320" ID-GBIF-Taxon="100119615" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6274320" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:62936D57D5B407BBB14C19D5FCCB4721" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/62936D57D5B407BBB14C19D5FCCB4721" lastPageNumber="590" pageNumber="589">
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<subSubSection id="CE569B11509361243909E8DB6358ADE1" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="E6B40EEDB4C74068EC0C9D230FCEE573" pageNumber="589">
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<taxonomicName id="5D7D8E444EA5845ED7F4EE453DAE975A" ID-CoL="4FYHZ" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:33930" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pheidole pilifera (Roger)" lsidName-HNS="Pheidole pilifera (Roger)" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="589" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pilifera">Pheidole pilifera (Roger)</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="03EE031CFA1A4E1E0CEB3D96159654A4" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="7782C1C3FC5525A0F8C2E8DF974F46C2" pageNumber="589">
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<taxonomicName id="F193B8DDE87CCB04F94DEFF16B65FD7B" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2521" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Leptothorax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leptothorax Mayr" lsidName-HNS="Leptothorax Mayr" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="589" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Leptothorax</taxonomicName>
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pilifer Roger 1863a: 180. New combination with
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<taxonomicName id="72B3ECC35862257D7F026E218540EB0D" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24885" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pheidole Westwood" lsidName-HNS="Pheidole Westwood" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="589" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Pheidole</taxonomicName>
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by Emery 1895d: 290. Syn.:
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<taxonomicName id="C2D1DF59824600DE58DFA8A7BEC25F68" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:142497" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pheidole pennsylvanica Roger" lsidName-HNS="Pheidole pennsylvanica Roger" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="589" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pennsylvanica">Pheidole pennsylvanica Roger</taxonomicName>
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1863a: 199, synonymy by Emery 1895d: 290;
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<taxonomicName id="FF20C53BF4918ACC0294B2E2D6651397" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:151475" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pheidole pilifera coloradensis Emery" lsidName-HNS="Pheidole pilifera coloradensis Emery" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="589" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="variety" species="pilifera" variety="coloradensis">Pheidole pilifera var. coloradensis Emery</taxonomicName>
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1895d: 290, raised to subspecies by Wheeler 1908h: 435,
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="AEC2A9500098C0940DEAE97F78E79643">n. syn.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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(provisional);
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<taxonomicName id="9734DFC79D653EA5007BC5833F6E2A66" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:232317" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pheidole pilifera subsp. coloradensis var. neomexicana" lsidName-HNS="Pheidole pilifera subsp. coloradensis var. neomexicana Wheeler" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="589" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="variety" species="pilifera" subSpecies="coloradensis" variety="neomexicana">Pheidole pilifera subsp. coloradensis var. neomexicana Wheeler</taxonomicName>
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1908h: 436, unavailable name (quadrinomial), referred to
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<taxonomicName id="C9826973CB8222AF3EA0C838CB39E912" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:33930" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pheidole pilifera (Roger)" lsidName-HNS="Pheidole pilifera (Roger)" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="589" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pilifera">pilifera</taxonomicName>
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by Creighton 1950a: 187;
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<taxonomicName id="A13E2889C2CBF163DCAE810667D0376E" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:232318" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pheidole pilifera subsp. coloradensis var. simulans" lsidName-HNS="Pheidole pilifera subsp. coloradensis var. simulans Wheeler" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="589" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="variety" species="pilifera" subSpecies="coloradensis" variety="simulans">Pheidole pilifera subsp. coloradensis var. simulans Wheeler</taxonomicName>
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1908h: 436, unavailable name (quadrinomial), referred to
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<taxonomicName id="AE3B07CB733CB0DE6F72EE26DCB7E1C8" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24885" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pheidole Westwood" lsidName-HNS="Pheidole Westwood" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="589" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Pheidole</taxonomicName>
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by Creighton 1950a: 186;
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<taxonomicName id="C20A750C21CFA8AB34EEB93B57AF6CD3" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:232316" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pheidole pilifera subsp. septentrionalis Wheeler" lsidName-HNS="Pheidole pilifera septentrionalis Wheeler" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="589" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="pilifera" subSpecies="septentrionalis">Pheidole pilifera subsp. septentrionalis Wheeler</taxonomicName>
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1908h: 437, synonymy by Creighton 1950a: 186;
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<taxonomicName id="9A3ED01D2A5478782E6110D6986C6E07" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:241660" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pheidole xerophila subsp. pacifica Wheeler" lsidName-HNS="Pheidole xerophila pacifica Wheeler" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="589" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="xerophila" subSpecies="pacifica">Pheidole xerophila subsp. pacifica Wheeler</taxonomicName>
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1915b: 04, referred to
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<taxonomicName id="E071AF222F51766504911FD8C6D9FC26" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24885" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pheidole Westwood" lsidName-HNS="Pheidole Westwood" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="589" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Pheidole</taxonomicName>
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by Creighton 1950a: 187,
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="7910194540E485FCCF5263B59CDF88E4">n. syn.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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(provisional);
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<taxonomicName id="59E818CDC3AFD8C9195B62A2CCAFB4B0" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:151473" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pheidole pilifera artemisia Cole" lsidName-HNS="Pheidole pilifera artemisia Cole" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="589" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="pilifera" subSpecies="artemisia">Pheidole pilifera subsp. artemisia Cole</taxonomicName>
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1933b: 616,
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="617C459F20BF4998B95A82A8CC8BEDA7">n. syn.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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(provisional).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="E817291B877F4358594B028E711EEAAA" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="03AA9C654AA964A2C51755B8FF4C5390" pageNumber="589">Types Mus. Naturkunde Humboldt-Univ. Berlin.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="B768820BA13E50E2597163DE9E8E2788" type="etymology">
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<paragraph id="882B7C13D48360242BFF6DAD54D0B294" pageNumber="589">
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Etymology Gr
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<taxonomicName id="2E987F6D23FF1E88C5BD9749F4D22333" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:33930" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pheidole pilifera (Roger)" lsidName-HNS="Pheidole pilifera (Roger)" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="589" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pilifera">pilifera</taxonomicName>
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, hairy.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="600D65C7E881CC5788B059B4A80E1124" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="E74DDEC7BF224FBD19D25C1BFD1F8654" pageNumber="589">
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Diagnosis A member of the "
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<taxonomicName id="85F061A5C55A492868477600A3B45AEC" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:33930" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pheidole pilifera (Roger)" lsidName-HNS="Pheidole pilifera (Roger)" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="589" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pilifera">pilifera</taxonomicName>
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complex" of the larger
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<taxonomicName id="57A200332F043B492AD8DB553EFBF58B" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:33930" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pheidole pilifera (Roger)" lsidName-HNS="Pheidole pilifera (Roger)" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="589" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pilifera">pilifera</taxonomicName>
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group, comprising
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<taxonomicName id="B0143C38BF7CF7B9ECACB36BF79BC096" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:33642" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pheidole calens Forel" lsidName-HNS="Pheidole calens Forel" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="589" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="calens">calens</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="ACC14044EEAFC148024D9BD2B62DE5BB" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:33643" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pheidole californica Mayr" lsidName-HNS="Pheidole californica Mayr" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="589" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="californica">californica</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="F36C1CD4C33CD4E5FFE9D8172F38208C" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:33651" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pheidole carrolli Naves" lsidName-HNS="Pheidole carrolli Naves" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="589" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="carrolli">carrolli</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="566CEAE8AA8F4A3289DA2F6729B3B946" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:181972" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pheidole cavigenis Wheeler" lsidName-HNS="Pheidole cavigenis Wheeler" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="589" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cavigenis">cavigenis</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="57B1F4F7D8097CBE9878B915A90DF8B9" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:33670" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pheidole clementensis Gregg" lsidName-HNS="Pheidole clementensis Gregg" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="589" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="clementensis">clementensis</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="C3974748F4236ED888231906E3B3A652" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:33691" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pheidole creightoni Gregg" lsidName-HNS="Pheidole creightoni Gregg" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="589" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="creightoni">creightoni</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="DC7548AF249DD7128E9AED012F1F614E" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:181973" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pheidole hoplitica Wilson" lsidName-HNS="Pheidole hoplitica Wilson" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="589" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hoplitica">hoplitica</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="CFF53CACB6ADC9656E976BE04A6AE60A" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:33833" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pheidole littoralis Cole" lsidName-HNS="Pheidole littoralis Cole" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="589" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="littoralis">littoralis</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="6F30CFF6F4312CEF82A477A7B062907F" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:33868" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pheidole micula Wheeler" lsidName-HNS="Pheidole micula Wheeler" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="589" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="micula">micula</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="628C105CECE86F657845A384DA22ACDE" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:33930" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pheidole pilifera (Roger)" lsidName-HNS="Pheidole pilifera (Roger)" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="589" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pilifera">pilifera</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="525A71193CAD271F5453EEA79B31674C" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:181975" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pheidole polymorpha Wilson" lsidName-HNS="Pheidole polymorpha Wilson" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="589" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="polymorpha">polymorpha</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="BD45BC8117B694C599AD350800226BC9" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:33980" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pheidole rugulosa Gregg" lsidName-HNS="Pheidole rugulosa Gregg" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="589" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rugulosa">rugulosa</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="7575141825DB35AEAB1F971158BC873A" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:33998" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pheidole senex Gregg" lsidName-HNS="Pheidole senex Gregg" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="589" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="senex">senex</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="FD81600AF5D6D7D3C193592356A0DA90" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:142583" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pheidole soritis Wheeler" lsidName-HNS="Pheidole soritis Wheeler" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="589" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="soritis">soritis</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="3E23CF081198E06E0F8AFC0C697B711D" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:34049" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pheidole tepicana Pergande" lsidName-HNS="Pheidole tepicana Pergande" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="589" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tepicana">tepicana</taxonomicName>
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, and
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<taxonomicName id="4DAB478AFC91B640EACF8F55C1B44B05" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:181977" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pheidole torosa Wilson" lsidName-HNS="Pheidole torosa Wilson" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="589" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="torosa">torosa</taxonomicName>
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, which complex is characterized by the following traits. Major: dorsal head surface extensively sculptured; occipital lobe horizontally rugulose (or, in
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<taxonomicName id="423AEB74A509807315777E79A2A22CD7" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:33651" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pheidole carrolli Naves" lsidName-HNS="Pheidole carrolli Naves" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="589" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="carrolli">carrolli</taxonomicName>
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smooth, in
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<taxonomicName id="47C50F1E1171AB267F215A05ED47C549" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:33833" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pheidole littoralis Cole" lsidName-HNS="Pheidole littoralis Cole" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="589" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="littoralis">littoralis</taxonomicName>
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foveate, and in
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<taxonomicName id="72D144C252C7E29A17775D900C8EFA18" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:33868" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pheidole micula Wheeler" lsidName-HNS="Pheidole micula Wheeler" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="589" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="micula">micula</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="09005D4C04EF76068AFFB3A5AC0A6D0D" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:142583" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pheidole soritis Wheeler" lsidName-HNS="Pheidole soritis Wheeler" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="589" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="soritis">soritis</taxonomicName>
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carinulate); postpetiole from above diamond-shaped, trapezoidal, or spinose. Minor: eye medium-sized to large.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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|
<subSubSection id="38557F92E619530A031EB885E23D8A23" type="description">
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<paragraph id="764AB6E84E280ACD426EBCD4B764AFD6" pageNumber="589">
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|
<taxonomicName id="FF9B9A218F1F91B5B652092A31BE4290" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:33930" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pheidole pilifera (Roger)" lsidName-HNS="Pheidole pilifera (Roger)" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="589" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pilifera">P. pilifera</taxonomicName>
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is distinguished within its complex by the following combination of traits.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="31E3EBF1878EAAD156CD23815065BC3E" pageNumber="589">Major: relatively large, HW about 1.6 mm; posterior dorsal profile of head straight or slightly concave; mesonotal convexity prominent and symmetrical in side view; propodeal spines robust, long, and nearly vertical to basal propodeal face; petiolar node in side view tapering apically to a blunt point; postpetiolar node from above very broad relative to petiolar node, and bluntly spinose. Minor: eyes medium-sized; humerus in dorsal-oblique view subangulate; all of head posterior to the clypeus and mesosoma foveolate and opaque.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="B7F155ACF0082FD96DA197909D9E090A" pageNumber="589">
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|
Closely related to
|
|
<taxonomicName id="C1EC9D782C98A6DA9DADC30841B8C235" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:33651" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pheidole carrolli Naves" lsidName-HNS="Pheidole carrolli Naves" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="589" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="carrolli">carrolli</taxonomicName>
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|
, but very different in sculpturing of the major.
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|
</paragraph>
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|
<paragraph id="C232F8D1AB41D685C39266ACBF641817" pageNumber="590">
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|
My synonymy of
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|
<taxonomicName id="67FD5C8118784A1F889DFD5BC2987C45" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:151473" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pheidole pilifera artemisia Cole" lsidName-HNS="Pheidole pilifera artemisia Cole" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="590" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="artemisia">artemisia</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="D0D4EAF0F2ABF618C0F319F4AAF85CD5" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:151475" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pheidole pilifera coloradensis Emery" lsidName-HNS="Pheidole pilifera coloradensis Emery" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="590" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="coloradensis">coloradensis</taxonomicName>
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|
, and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="29B2E1E245C86E48EE004D20BABC81D1" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pheidole pilifera pacifica Wheeler" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="590" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pacifica">pacifica</taxonomicName>
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follows Creighton (1950a) in placing them as geographic variants, or subspecies, and thence here into synonymy at the species level. However, this assignment is not well documented and thus is regarded as provisional. The pattern of geographic variation within
|
|
<taxonomicName id="38FEA89097CA5EC77E2F5404131EDDBF" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:33930" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pheidole pilifera (Roger)" lsidName-HNS="Pheidole pilifera (Roger)" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="590" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pilifera">pilifera</taxonomicName>
|
|
is as follows. Western populations ("
|
|
<taxonomicName id="8A40DF2A4F433874A2E090D2E74DE25B" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:151475" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pheidole pilifera coloradensis Emery" lsidName-HNS="Pheidole pilifera coloradensis Emery" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="590" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="coloradensis">coloradensis</taxonomicName>
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|
") ranging from North Dakota and Colorado to Nevada display a narrowing of the transverse rugulose band to the rearmost part of the major occiput and loss of the longitudinal carinulae on the vertex (anterior to the occiput), an area that is spotted with coarse foveae and shiny interspaces. The trend is climaxed in Nevada and California ("
|
|
<taxonomicName id="349990BD1CF74219D5A20E418EE2AA6C" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pheidole pilifera pacifica Wheeler" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="590" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pacifica">pacifica</taxonomicName>
|
|
") by replacement of the foveae on the vertex of the major by fine punctures. Southwestward, in Utah and Arizona ("
|
|
<taxonomicName id="7506E87C316E7F3665BA8EE760D889C2" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:151473" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pheidole pilifera artemisia Cole" lsidName-HNS="Pheidole pilifera artemisia Cole" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="590" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="artemisia">artemisia</taxonomicName>
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|
"), the broad band of occipital rugulae of the major in eastern populations ("typical"
|
|
<taxonomicName id="95610B6D47931D6FA6E36978800DD455" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:33930" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pheidole pilifera (Roger)" lsidName-HNS="Pheidole pilifera (Roger)" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="590" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pilifera">pilifera</taxonomicName>
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|
) is retained, but the carinulae of the vertex are lost and replaced by a shiny surface. Measurements (mm) Major (Haddam, Connecticut): HW 1.60, HL 1.72, SL 0.74, EL 0.24, PW 0.68. Minor (Haddam): HW 0.54, HL 0.60, SL 0.52, EL 0.12, PW 0.36. Color Major: light reddish brown. Minor: medium reddish brown.
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|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="D923F77ACD52599C9A5832ED023FED88" type="distribution">
|
|
<paragraph id="68F688E3B33A0D822B1F77841A97F094" pageNumber="590">
|
|
range
|
|
<taxonomicName id="7600071EAC29572B569D03B130AC8311" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:33930" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pheidole pilifera (Roger)" lsidName-HNS="Pheidole pilifera (Roger)" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="590" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pilifera">Pheidole pilifera</taxonomicName>
|
|
is the most widespread and northward-reaching of all the Nearctic
|
|
<taxonomicName id="0DF3DA0CE5F30AE7DA667DEA0D17A2A7" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24885" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pheidole Westwood" lsidName-HNS="Pheidole Westwood" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="590" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Pheidole</taxonomicName>
|
|
. The species, as presently broadly construed, ranges from Massachusetts south to Georgia and west to California, extending through the midwest as far north as Minnesota, North Dakota and southwest to Utah, New Mexico, and Arizona.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="58E848A28414E0E84059525D84817EE4" type="biology_ecology">
|
|
<paragraph id="39F961E765628F8F61FC31834A38B032" pageNumber="590">
|
|
Biology Colonies of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="8B9B7161FDC74353BC1CA29DD34B5CF2" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:33930" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pheidole pilifera (Roger)" lsidName-HNS="Pheidole pilifera (Roger)" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="590" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pilifera">pilifera</taxonomicName>
|
|
excavate crater nests in exposed soil and harvest seeds, which are stored in nest chambers. In Colorado, Gregg (1963) found the species (as "
|
|
<taxonomicName id="70C69FE14CFC254E2BB06B1573271DC0" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:151475" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pheidole pilifera coloradensis Emery" lsidName-HNS="Pheidole pilifera coloradensis Emery" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="590" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="pilifera" subSpecies="coloradensis">subsp. coloradensis</taxonomicName>
|
|
") abundant at 1500 to 2600 m, in a wide range of habitats, from short-grass prairie, roadsides, and herbaceous semi-desert to mixed canyon forest and mountain mahogany shrub. Sexuals were present in the nest from the first week in June to the last week in July.
|
|
<taxonomicName id="73D9A1B63B44E16FED06CBBF1AB6B1D3" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:33930" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pheidole pilifera (Roger)" lsidName-HNS="Pheidole pilifera (Roger)" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="590" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pilifera">P. pilifera</taxonomicName>
|
|
is also notable in Colorado as the host of the social parasite
|
|
<taxonomicName id="6C46933EE5365D55F62AD4FE6309D488" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:33803" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pheidole inquilina (Wheeler)" lsidName-HNS="Pheidole inquilina (Wheeler)" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="590" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="inquilina">Pheidole inquilina</taxonomicName>
|
|
. In Nevada,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="63FD64E29F8210C1059A52D5CC7CC50B" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:33930" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pheidole pilifera (Roger)" lsidName-HNS="Pheidole pilifera (Roger)" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="590" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pilifera">pilifera</taxonomicName>
|
|
ranges between 900 and 2300 m, nesting in desert and juniper-pinyon woodland, both under stones and in the open soil, where it forms craters 25-60 mm wide (G. C. and J. Wheeler 1986g). According to Stefan Cover (personal communication), "In the eastern U. S. pilifera occurs in open, grassy habitats, especially those with sandy soils containing a little clay. It is less common in pure sand, thus in pine barrens. Mating flights occur in early to mid July. Colonies are monogynous, and the newly mated queens start colonies singly. Minors are 'shy' foragers but recruit to good food sources. Majors seldom leave the nest except when recruited. Their primary function is to block nest passages, which they do effectively."
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="F5A47774BBBBB0BBFE3C11CF5B6A512A" type="materials_examined">
|
|
<paragraph id="DC8849EB57291E5069917DD9FB597448">Figure Upper: major. Lower: minor. CONNECTICUT: East Haddam. Scale bars = 1 mm.</paragraph>
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|
</subSubSection>
|
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</treatment>
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</document> |