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<document id="3C04B42B16D5CE0E3A146A58B18241E1" ID-DOI="10.3897/fr.27.133914" ID-ZooBank="A30F4FFF-547A-4323-80C0-771663DF6FB7" ID-publisher-id="133914" URI-arpha="66B94E5B-EC0A-579D-B7ED-F85ED4A51F96" URI-zoobank="http://zoobank.org/A30F4FFF-547A-4323-80C0-771663DF6FB7" XM.bibliography_approvedBy="admin" XM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="admin" XM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="admin" XM.treatments_approvedBy="admin" article-type="research-article" checkinTime="1730736172305" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Abbassi, Nasrollah, Salehi Tinooni, Mohammad, Ghorbani Dehnavi, Mahdi, Shakeri, Safoora &amp; Eshaghi, Ali" docDate="2024" docId="4DBD31CB5904560CB2094A4A65A92AB5" docLanguage="en" docName="Fossil Record 27(2): 265-287" docOrigin="Fossil Record 27 (2)" docSource="https://fr.pensoft.net/article/133914/download/xml/" docStyle="DocumentStyle:PensoftTaxPub.0000.journal_article.generic" docStyleName="PensoftTaxPub.0000.journal_article.generic" docTitle="Avipeda phoenix Vialov 1965" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" dtd-version="3.0" lastPageNumber="287" masterDocId="66B94E5BEC0A579DB7EDF85ED4A51F96" masterDocTitle="Oligocene vertebrate footprints from the Lower Red Formation, Central Iran" masterLastPageNumber="287" masterPageNumber="265" pageNumber="265" updateTime="1730752961050" updateUser="admin">
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<mods:title id="0C09F85B886FD46A0C2601142AA5E91E">Oligocene vertebrate footprints from the Lower Red Formation, Central Iran</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="6A664975D71708EC82C2329BB792D6E0" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="27FBFE69C3A2F2AF5C1F24CED9F65749">Abbassi, Nasrollah</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="62A9B7279291BD7467A4DDE65207F492">Department of Geology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, 45371 - 38971, Iran</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
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<mods:namePart id="2CEEBCB9D93FE6A50C011AF6ADCA2688">Salehi Tinooni, Mohammad</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="2DBB9BD03E39DE0E39F0E4AE4A3F9C0A">Geological Survey of Iran, South-East Territory (Kerman), No. 10, Bastani-ye Parizi Blvd. Kerman, 76157 - 36841, Iran</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="97C4631E338D2C4BD0CE1BAD7919C703">Ghorbani Dehnavi, Mahdi</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="26AB4D3FEC2F4424746D380DD952F9ED">Geological Survey of Iran, South-East Territory (Kerman), No. 10, Bastani-ye Parizi Blvd. Kerman, 76157 - 36841, Iran</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="DA5A8824A6CEFC4E2742AC402256D263">Shakeri, Safoora</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="6E2C0C42172EAC5D1FDFC34027CBDB30">Department of Geology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, 45371 - 38971, Iran &amp; Research Affairs Office, Faculty of Engineering, University of Zanjan, Zanjan 45371 - 38971, Iran</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="0886C39E466FB4050A66A082CA8C3D36">Eshaghi, Ali</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="FA0F9DBA882FFD57669F5A215E6D84DA">Research Affairs Office, Faculty of Engineering, University of Zanjan, Zanjan 45371 - 38971, Iran</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="CC921E83FAB1C5C9A49410985D1FACC4">Fossil Record</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="44EF59A5C89329201A061EF4323F3420">
<mods:date id="84C9FC2028FD4FDE43438C517AFB13AE">2024</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="8319A400944C099C630BFB45C816D898">2024-11-04</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="C58E4E98691B204407494970272B0266">27</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="1738589ECFBA5F361ADF6191DC9684E8">2</mods:number>
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<treatment id="4DBD31CB5904560CB2094A4A65A92AB5" ID-arpha="4DBD31CB-5904-560C-B209-4A4A65A92AB5" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:4DBD31CB5904560CB2094A4A65A92AB5" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/4DBD31CB5904560CB2094A4A65A92AB5">
<subSubSection id="CAF59BF64941967E2FF9595BAF27A7B9" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="044ACE8626393F3C77675FD969F997EE">
<heading id="C35406ADACEF7F63CEBA0C167E731BB6" reason="label">Ichnospecies</heading>
<taxonomicName id="8FA01682DF7EE6638574075331E78C58" authority="Vialov, 1965" authorityName="Vialov" authorityYear="1965" class="Aves" family="Avipedidae" genus="Avipeda" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="phoenix">
<emphasis id="9129BD2A74943AF98AF111C841B8E436" italics="true">Avipeda phoenix</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="E910498E1D1922ACDBF1B0AA8CC6535F" author="Vialov OS" journalOrPublisher="Naukova Dumka, Kiev" refId="B95" refString="Vialov OS (1965) Sztratigrafija neogenovuh molassez Predkarpatszkovo progiva [Stratigraphy of the Neogene molasse of the PreCarpathian basin]. Naukova Dumka, Kiev, 178 pp." title="Sztratigrafija neogenovüh molassez Predkarpatszkovo progiva [Stratigraphy of the Neogene molasse of the PreCarpathian basin]." year="1965">Vialov, 1965</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="ABCFACA8DDD47F0E84CE843280D149A5" type="description">
<paragraph id="B7E045A3DA2CF4FE72C910177FABF9A7">
<figureCitation id="038FFEAE6CBD116721EC435A18D9D5D7" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Avipeda phoenix. A. B. Preserved as concave epirelief on the ripple mark-bearing surface of sandstone (sampled IFMI - 682 / 1); C, D. Preserved as convex hyporeliefs (sampled specimen, IFMI - 682 / 2-3)." figureDoi="10.3897/fr.27.133914.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1167584">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0ETRAG" type="material">
<paragraph id="D69B40BD75366320DDA009DDC29786CF">
<heading id="F5CC9BD72AD7AD273E9915D006D74B6A" reason="title">Materials.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E11C04FD61E1C787B03D5319F8509CED">
<materialsCitation id="491CA5D21FEB1BDBA90FEF0020FE890E" collectionCode="IFMI" specimenCode="IFMI-682" specimenCount="1">
Four footprints preserved in three slabs (
<specimenCode id="EA5011BE5D933ECC721FD14C36815062">
<abbrev content-type="institution" id="ABBRID0EZRAG" xlink_title="Ichnofossil Museum of Iran">IFMI</abbrev>
-682
</specimenCode>
/ 1-3)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0E5RAG" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="106E61A6236375319723F995D14C4D07">
<heading id="A8C4843181487B40B9D3353853EA04F1" reason="title">Diagnosis.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E932BC2C03B0CBCB3FD709004BD14BD9">
Small, tridactyl tracks up to
<quantity id="17B4B7CF9753F7CFCD4412700122910D" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" unit="cm" value="1.6">1.6 cm</quantity>
long, digits short, relatively broad, angle (
<bibRefCitation id="8C49FE0C3F43A6281BBA4EFE45A81273" author="Vialov" firstAuthor="Vialov" journalOrPublisher="Naukova Dumka, Kiev" refId="B95" refString="Vialov OS (1965) Sztratigrafija neogenovüh molassez Predkarpatszkovo progiva [Stratigraphy of the Neogene molasse of the PreCarpathian basin]. Naukova Dumka, Kiev, 178 pp." title="Sztratigrafija neogenovüh molassez Predkarpatszkovo progiva [Stratigraphy of the Neogene molasse of the PreCarpathian basin]." year="1965">Vialov 1965</bibRefCitation>
; translated by
<bibRefCitation id="2B45095660062AFA6C7D2EF0D7D718AB" author="Lucas" firstAuthor="Lucas" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science" pagination="113-148" refId="B56" refString="Lucas SG (2007) Cenozoic vertebrate footprint ichnotaxa named by O. S. Vyalov in 1965 and 1966. Bulletin of the New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science 42: 113148." title="Cenozoic vertebrate footprint ichnotaxa named by O. S. Vyalov in 1965 and 1966." volume="42" year="2007">Lucas 2007</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0EMSAG" type="description">
<paragraph id="1150C8785812E6119D39B625AD465F3A">
<heading id="F8138B8B497CDA8165CC33F71A28D106" reason="title">Description.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D0E48C74B4D8D624B91BBCF021768C55">
Slab
<abbrev content-type="institution" id="ABBRID0ESSAG" xlink_title="Ichnofossil Museum of Iran">
<collectionCode id="DB3A2ED8D55F2E7DA3AB3CEB05BE7C44">IFMI</collectionCode>
</abbrev>
- 682 / 1 (Fig.
<figureCitation id="6B71C0C4DB1CE0B43D82697FCEBDCAA5" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Avipeda phoenix. A. B. Preserved as concave epirelief on the ripple mark-bearing surface of sandstone (sampled IFMI - 682 / 1); C, D. Preserved as convex hyporeliefs (sampled specimen, IFMI - 682 / 2-3)." figureDoi="10.3897/fr.27.133914.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1167584">3 A, B</figureCitation>
) includes medium-sized, tridactyl footprints, preserved as concave epirelief on the upper bedding plane of fine-grained, ripple-mark-bearing, brown sandstone. Digit imprints are straight, with sharp tips, slightly deformed by reliefs of ripple marks, and connected to each other in the heel part. The digit
<collectionCode id="5E9F5D1CA634933DCD9047BE5C33E639">III</collectionCode>
imprint is thicker and larger than the lateral digits, and wider in the front part of the digits; one digital pad is visible in the distal part of digit
<collectionCode id="D82A49AA1890AAB51A5BEB1846F29F5A">III</collectionCode>
. Slab
<abbrev content-type="institution" id="ABBRID0E2SAG" xlink_title="Ichnofossil Museum of Iran">
<collectionCode id="258E069C47C07711A82C2210310FAB64">IFMI</collectionCode>
</abbrev>
- 682 / 2 comprises one medium-sized tridactyl footprint, preserved as convex hyporelief in a lower bedding plane of thin-bedded, fine-grained brown sandstone (Fig.
<figureCitation id="A795BAF11734B1F512A547F358706D46" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Avipeda phoenix. A. B. Preserved as concave epirelief on the ripple mark-bearing surface of sandstone (sampled IFMI - 682 / 1); C, D. Preserved as convex hyporeliefs (sampled specimen, IFMI - 682 / 2-3)." figureDoi="10.3897/fr.27.133914.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1167584">3 C</figureCitation>
). Digit
<collectionCode id="D30B93CC4650337EF2CF8D4E519DC5D8">III</collectionCode>
is longer than the lateral digits, and the interdigital angle between digit
<collectionCode id="2CA0076A73365B4EF180DBBB23FDDB63">II</collectionCode>
and
<collectionCode id="EBA0F3A2489B991593589C216E9FA805">IV</collectionCode>
is wide. The metapodium imprint is an eminence, and the digits are connected to the metapodium. Proximal outline of the footprints slightly convex, without digit I imprint. Small slab no.
<abbrev content-type="institution" id="ABBRID0EETAG" xlink_title="Ichnofossil Museum of Iran">
<collectionCode id="CC35C287C6E3109E6B210CB7B8E7806F">IFMI</collectionCode>
</abbrev>
- 682 / 3 includes one tridactyl bird footprint, preserved as concave epirelief on the fine-grained brown sandstone, filled by fine-grained, lighter, silt-size sediments (Fig.
<figureCitation id="A67980FCBDAB85994354991D238BB0F9" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Avipeda phoenix. A. B. Preserved as concave epirelief on the ripple mark-bearing surface of sandstone (sampled IFMI - 682 / 1); C, D. Preserved as convex hyporeliefs (sampled specimen, IFMI - 682 / 2-3)." figureDoi="10.3897/fr.27.133914.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1167584">3 D</figureCitation>
). Similar to previous slabs, it shows a digit
<collectionCode id="7E515CC75EA38E2E8D2A407022FD907C">III</collectionCode>
imprint larger than the lateral digits. One of the lateral digits (here considered as digit
<collectionCode id="F9CEB58E75219E2FF374EE6C3CE81765">IV</collectionCode>
) is thicker than the other. The tips of the digits are round or slightly sharp in the footprint slabs of
<abbrev content-type="institution" id="ABBRID0ENTAG" xlink_title="Ichnofossil Museum of Iran">
<collectionCode id="9B237C7940CD5CAEB8154A6D61EAC434">IFMI</collectionCode>
</abbrev>
- 682.
</paragraph>
<caption id="D541305DA6900B72E14CCD8E77D78FFF" ID-DOI="10.3897/fr.27.133914.figure3" ID-arpha="D19F7953-BD6D-54A2-84AE-B5FE8EDFCAF9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1167584" startId="F3">
<paragraph id="08579B013ABB26E9DE104C2069D4C247">
<label id="7801746D70CE0528D72BA5094BD82BDB">Figure 3.</label>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2D8F4FF7868199841D47FED98BD4FF92">
<taxonomicName id="3018C7E1D4B8437CF7D7B2E4796F7AFE" authorityName="Vialov" authorityYear="1965" class="Aves" family="Avipedidae" genus="Avipeda" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="phoenix">
<emphasis id="3372645583B1D0B741FEE20966FC2182" italics="true">Avipeda phoenix</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
<emphasis id="E19E866460A4C4AD8EFFCBBF802BF64F" bold="true">A. B.</emphasis>
Preserved as concave epirelief on the ripple mark-bearing surface of sandstone (sampled
<abbrev content-type="institution" id="ABBRID0EHUAG" xlink_title="Ichnofossil Museum of Iran">IFMI</abbrev>
- 682 / 1);
<emphasis id="31B26FA6F871263C0CF6080AC0457B59" bold="true">C, D.</emphasis>
Preserved as convex hyporeliefs (sampled specimen,
<abbrev content-type="institution" id="ABBRID0EOUAG" xlink_title="Ichnofossil Museum of Iran">IFMI</abbrev>
- 682 / 2-3).
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0EYUAG" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="EEEA485139C912FD3868E69D6F1417D6">
<heading id="99C1CCE65E1A728F7C7171BE1B1DA9B4" reason="title">Discussion.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DF7BAFBDA1C55F7CEF28A58107C83C7A">
<bibRefCitation id="2DE84BDD78C12CE44A465D978C70C845" author="Vialov OS" firstAuthor="Vialov" journalOrPublisher="Naukova Dumka, Kiev" refId="B95" refString="Vialov OS (1965) Sztratigrafija neogenovüh molassez Predkarpatszkovo progiva [Stratigraphy of the Neogene molasse of the PreCarpathian basin]. Naukova Dumka, Kiev, 178 pp." title="Sztratigrafija neogenovüh molassez Predkarpatszkovo progiva [Stratigraphy of the Neogene molasse of the PreCarpathian basin]." year="1965">Vialov (1965)</bibRefCitation>
established
<taxonomicName id="325B6B6A6B724B630ABB34ACED269BCF" authorityName="Vialov" authorityYear="1965" class="Aves" family="Avipedidae" genus="Avipeda" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="01C7AA36E5529039FE87174386E0FFCA" italics="true">Avipeda</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with three ichnospecies
<taxonomicName id="2800C36CBA284FF03B82F9FCBF3645BB" authorityName="Vialov" authorityYear="1965" class="Aves" family="Avipedidae" genus="Avipeda" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="phoenix">
<emphasis id="4C1E85A5926D64BA2C6C0D046597C183" italics="true">Avipeda phoenix</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="BF30DD2396DB9B3588822C95F70FB17B" baseAuthorityName="Vialov" baseAuthorityYear="1965" class="Aves" family="Avipedidae" genus="Avipeda" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sirin">
<emphasis id="5D9B4AF17ADC1B447A66B9217247BD54" italics="true">A. sirin</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="25E315E8716B7EB967AA0513E99B32CF" authorityName="Vialov" authorityYear="1965" class="Aves" family="Avipedidae" genus="Avipeda" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="filiportatis">
<emphasis id="A1300C5869EC374835F81BC3170C3E1C" italics="true">A. filiportatis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Later, other new ichnospecies were added or recombined with
<taxonomicName id="1469686C86AE7B60802D65259481FD9D" authorityName="Vialov" authorityYear="1965" class="Aves" family="Avipedidae" genus="Avipeda" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="CFC5997E4B02B21666A76537158A47E9" italics="true">Avipeda</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Sarjeant and Langstone (1994) recombined
<taxonomicName id="4364EC5C1954D9871703930510651074" authority="Kordos (1985)" authorityName="Kordos" authorityYear="1985" class="Aves" genus="Passeripedia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ipolyensis">
<emphasis id="BBA3BA802BE1BD47CE8EDA4C4BF6CB01" italics="true">Passeripedia ipolyensis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="884F5397C12FD36840131B017A885D1B" author="Kordos L" firstAuthor="Kordos" journalOrPublisher="Palaeontologica" pagination="359-415" refId="B45" refString="Kordos L (1985) Footprints in the Lower Miocene Sandstone of Ipolytarnóc. Geologica Hungarica ser. Palaeontologica 46: 359415." title="Footprints in the Lower Miocene Sandstone of Ipolytarnóc. Geologica Hungarica ser." volume="46" year="1985">Kordos (1985)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
as
<taxonomicName id="DCE9C674988F6EAC32E20552C369CE96" class="Aves" family="Avipedidae" genus="Avipeda" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ipolyensis">
<emphasis id="72DD4E0B5B76B0B20533618B7CFE92BF" italics="true">Avipeda ipolyensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
but
<bibRefCitation id="A099FB1FA501058F1A07D2EB9F044592" author="Abbassi N &amp; Melchor RN &amp; Díaz-Martínez I" refId="B8" refString="Abbassi N, Melchor RN, Díaz-Martínez I (In press) Ichnotaxonomy of Paleogene and Neogene tetrapod tracks. In: Lucas SG, Hunt AP, Klein H (Eds) Vertebrate Ichnology, Tetrapod Tracks and Trackways. Elsevier.">Abbassi et al. (in press</bibRefCitation>
) believe that the diagnosis of
<taxonomicName id="AFC01C2B75A34A87145B3EBDA48E8732" class="Aves" family="Avipedidae" genus="Avipeda" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ipolyensis">
<emphasis id="50F7A4FBAA0369F2DD10C4EBE4E141C4" italics="true">P. ipolyensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
lacks any distinctive feature, and there is no description and considered
<taxonomicName id="6EBEA0ACAC1694D984B8F79B3B776919" authorityName="Kordos" authorityYear="1985" class="Aves" genus="Passeripedia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ipolyensis">
<emphasis id="DF44772AF247C01BB7919CF591B41E73" italics="true">Passeripedia ipolyensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as a
<emphasis id="16151036A2026490C172E5411C917BF6" italics="true">nomen dubium</emphasis>
. On the other hand,
<bibRefCitation id="FC37F08038BF0AA0CA991DF870528014" author="Abbassi N &amp; Melchor RN &amp; Díaz-Martínez I" refId="B8" refString="Abbassi N, Melchor RN, Díaz-Martínez I (In press) Ichnotaxonomy of Paleogene and Neogene tetrapod tracks. In: Lucas SG, Hunt AP, Klein H (Eds) Vertebrate Ichnology, Tetrapod Tracks and Trackways. Elsevier.">Abbassi et al. (in press</bibRefCitation>
) considered
<taxonomicName id="23B6407C161BAAC88303B6EAFD941BF1" baseAuthorityName="Vialov" baseAuthorityYear="1965" class="Aves" family="Avipedidae" genus="Avipeda" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sirin">
<emphasis id="1BB8E7FDD18424C0B475DB27FF23C6C4" italics="true">A. sirin</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as a junior synonym of
<taxonomicName id="607C38342A107D52666166077464C26D" authorityName="Vialov" authorityYear="1965" class="Aves" family="Avipedidae" genus="Avipeda" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="phoenix">
<emphasis id="750C94A24BFAFFFB826BBF66012923E4" italics="true">A. phoenix</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<bibRefCitation id="F22B4397123F6D67E0FFD7E4E82491F2" author="Sarjeant WAS &amp; Langston WJ" firstAuthor="Sarjeant" journalOrPublisher="Texas Memorial Museum Bulletin, 36" refId="B87" refString="Sarjeant WAS, Langston WJ (1994) Vertebrate footprints and invertebrate traces from the Chadronian (Late Eocene) of Trans-Pecos Texas. Texas Memorial Museum Bulletin, 36, 86 pp." title="Vertebrate footprints and invertebrate traces from the Chadronian (Late Eocene) of Trans-Pecos Texas." year="1994">Sarjeant and Langston (1994)</bibRefCitation>
recombined
<taxonomicName id="C141C462DEC62FFB65183D01FDADB109" authorityName="Vialov" authorityYear="1965" class="Aves" family="Avipedidae" genus="Avipeda" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="filiportatis">
<emphasis id="96DE8ADCDC4FFEB86E9A81C802D91270" italics="true">A. filiportatis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as
<taxonomicName id="EA9FA962FDB2C78465F01F0C84D5105A" authorityName="Vialov" authorityYear="1965" class="Aves" genus="Gruipeda" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="filiportatis">
<emphasis id="D42904083C9EE93AFFC23D87DCFB7DB4" italics="true">Gruipeda filiportatis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Thus, the valid ichnospecies of
<taxonomicName id="59EC4DD5D3A512850EDEB9244EFB2A53" authorityName="Vialov" authorityYear="1965" class="Aves" family="Avipedidae" genus="Avipeda" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="AE207C6FA1C58FB1BFD4D6C36C7840E6" italics="true">Avipeda</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
include:
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="132F5826B49462F144A9894C98E56073">
<taxonomicName id="89E3B4C2C11E72A2B35795613C91A211" authority="Sarjeant &amp; Langston, 1994" authorityName="Sarjeant &amp; Langston" authorityYear="1994" class="Aves" family="Avipedidae" genus="Avipeda" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="adunca">
<emphasis id="1F82DA5B76E9F42249BE233616383243" italics="true">Avipeda adunca</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="DE1C961C3C43BD0C73470C418B8FDACB" author="Sarjeant WAS &amp; Langston WJ" journalOrPublisher="Texas Memorial Museum Bulletin, 36" refId="B87" refString="Sarjeant WAS, Langston WJ (1994) Vertebrate footprints and invertebrate traces from the Chadronian (Late Eocene) of Trans-Pecos Texas. Texas Memorial Museum Bulletin, 36, 86 pp." title="Vertebrate footprints and invertebrate traces from the Chadronian (Late Eocene) of Trans-Pecos Texas." year="1994">Sarjeant &amp; Langston, 1994</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0777532FB0B50794A0C016710650D1DD">
<taxonomicName id="CF80D4A3433B6007B039EC576AC00A8D" authority="Lockley et al., 2022" authorityName="Lockley" authorityYear="2022" class="Aves" family="Avipedidae" genus="Avipeda" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="circumontis">
<emphasis id="F23B6FAE98A9037E5AD0E2F28DC6B5B9" italics="true">Avipeda circumontis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="4A18C16C96DA377B0D1414911D1C57B7" DOI="10.1080/08912963.2021.1903456" author="Lockley" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Lockley" journalOrPublisher="Historical Biology" pagination="130-140" refId="B52" refString="Lockley MG, Goodell Z, Evaskovich J, Krall A, Schumacher BA, Romilio A (2022) Small bird and mammal tracks from a mid-Cenozoic volcanic province in Southern Colorado: implications for palaeobiology. Historical Biology 34: 130140. https://doi.org/10.1080/08912963.2021.1903456" title="Small bird and mammal tracks from a mid-Cenozoic volcanic province in Southern Colorado: implications for palaeobiology." volume="34" year="2022">Lockley et al., 2022</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="730B7279C11B5C8915A843F40370AC84">
<taxonomicName id="21F1D8634F5083930E88D52D51C03C81" authority="Sarjeant &amp; Reynolds, 2001" authorityName="Sarjeant &amp; Reynolds" authorityYear="2001" class="Aves" family="Avipedidae" genus="Avipeda" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gryponyx">
<emphasis id="5FA0212E2453D60D2EC7CBB7250C83CA" italics="true">Avipeda gryponyx</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="D0781ACF200E831F98DFFAF8681D831D" author="Sarjeant WAS &amp; Reynolds RE" refId="B88" refString="Sarjeant WAS, Reynolds RE (2001) Bird footprint from the Miocene of California. In: Reynolds RE (Ed) The Changing Face of the East Mojave Desert: Abstracts from the 2001 Desert Symposium, California, 21 - 40." year="2001">Sarjeant &amp; Reynolds, 2001</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="74430A99BFA50AF68D5E4349E32853FB">
<taxonomicName id="351AE95869315C40B0AF1C10112B6DF3" authority="Vialov, 1965" authorityName="Vialov" authorityYear="1965" class="Aves" family="Avipedidae" genus="Avipeda" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="phoenix">
<emphasis id="4F6CDFC0BD589DB608CB195631B4C0E9" italics="true">Avipeda phoenix</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="C62783120995E505D4C05724BE10C8F0" author="Vialov OS" journalOrPublisher="Naukova Dumka, Kiev" refId="B95" refString="Vialov OS (1965) Sztratigrafija neogenovuh molassez Predkarpatszkovo progiva [Stratigraphy of the Neogene molasse of the PreCarpathian basin]. Naukova Dumka, Kiev, 178 pp." title="Sztratigrafija neogenovüh molassez Predkarpatszkovo progiva [Stratigraphy of the Neogene molasse of the PreCarpathian basin]." year="1965">Vialov, 1965</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="ACCDC9FE35DB96C12B8D97D8C35903BC">
<taxonomicName id="662CA8CB6E4B67CC83C7BFF749A026B0" authority="Abbassi, 2022" authorityName="Abbassi" authorityYear="2022" class="Aves" family="Avipedidae" genus="Avipeda" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rastini">
<emphasis id="0D24A8420ECEA52F6A0845622F0BD383" italics="true">Avipeda rastini</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="E9383A6075991F601078B334C2EC38DE" author="Abbassi N" journalOrPublisher="University of Zanjan Press, Zanjan, Iran" refId="B3" refString="Abbassi N (2022) Miocene Wildlife of Zanjan Northwest Iran. University of Zanjan Press, Zanjan, Iran, 304 pp." title="Miocene Wildlife of Zanjan Northwest Iran." year="2022">Abbassi, 2022</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0A2423D32ECEBE461B63F5939E940907">
<taxonomicName id="60AB5F229B9396CDA1BD82DEEF2C24A7" authority="Sarjeant &amp; Reynolds, 2001" authorityName="Sarjeant &amp; Reynolds" authorityYear="2001" class="Aves" family="Avipedidae" genus="Avipeda" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="thrinax">
<emphasis id="FF8C8D3A5868868DE95FEC4D7276D4C8" italics="true">Avipeda thrinax</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="4A484FDEFD244A1F65E4DCF17EE3E610" author="Sarjeant WAS &amp; Reynolds RE" refId="B88" refString="Sarjeant WAS, Reynolds RE (2001) Bird footprint from the Miocene of California. In: Reynolds RE (Ed) The Changing Face of the East Mojave Desert: Abstracts from the 2001 Desert Symposium, California, 21 - 40." year="2001">Sarjeant &amp; Reynolds, 2001</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1F65B060EDEA1641E0B5E6BD49873641">
The studied materials of the Deh Nar section, show similar shape to the
<typeStatus id="83C560ED4038B1DA8379725406DEE0A0">type</typeStatus>
materials of
<taxonomicName id="A1687D850B61A24404BCCD05245497C6" authorityName="Vialov" authorityYear="1965" class="Aves" family="Avipedidae" genus="Avipeda" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="phoenix">
<emphasis id="830B5E492A1C16CCD546EA26ADD3F6A7" italics="true">A. phoenix</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, mainly with its wide lateral digit angle, although the Den Nar materials are larger.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>