treatments-xml/data/49/29/87/492987EFFFEC0A37FE34FEEB60BAF96F.xml

<document id="09DBAFDD459DEF8836DCB17A35D5B843" ID-CLB-Dataset="55056" ID-DOI="10.5733/afin.049.0202" ID-GBIF-Dataset="5160bab9-b7e6-4bf6-a4d1-7bddf07ad766" ID-ISSN="2305-2562" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7661437" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1676997301693" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Nangammbi, T. C. &amp; Herbert, D. G." docDate="2008" docId="492987EFFFEC0A37FE34FEEB60BAF96F" docLanguage="en" docName="AfrInvertebr.49.2.13-19.pdf" docOrigin="African Invertebrates 49 (2)" docSource="http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.5733/afin.049.0202" docStyle="DocumentStyle:B78C63EC8CEBBB75364A82B35BB1F83D.4:AfrInvertebr.2008-2015.journal_article.0cover" docStyleId="B78C63EC8CEBBB75364A82B35BB1F83D" docStyleName="AfrInvertebr.2008-2015.journal_article.0cover" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Tricolia retrolineata Nangammbi &amp; Herbert 2008, sp. n." docType="treatment" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="18" masterDocId="B510FF97FFED0A32FFC8FFD8624AFFEC" masterDocTitle="A new species of pheasant shell from the south-western Indian Ocean (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Vetigastropoda: Phasianellidae: Tricolia)" masterLastPageNumber="13" masterPageNumber="13" pageNumber="14" updateTime="1699475487834" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
<mods:mods id="757D95D5B99185B2CC818554CECFFADC" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="11AC60B2B7D3B1EA6495B300659B263F">
<mods:title id="757E09DAEC6D6C7A22F77EB15F38C99D">A new species of pheasant shell from the south-western Indian Ocean (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Vetigastropoda: Phasianellidae: Tricolia)</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="3822E298D9E3389C8F2EF44E632FF1A2" type="personal">
<mods:role id="1622F7DF34FDFB8AD9D4ECE239AC15C3">
<mods:roleTerm id="5A100DCF7F29F248B49B9D14A07ECB7C">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="4188C4E0D5471C89C3FF422E581152A0">Nangammbi, T. C.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="75D51BD310EF1658B422F8601578A4FA">University of the Free State, P. Bag 13, Phuthaditjhaba, 9866 South Africa</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="95BB0AAA4A83256F0450A248BB0AF2C8" type="email">nangammbiTC@qwa.uovs.ac.za</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="3C21646182A3326EAF320EE235425CE3" type="personal">
<mods:role id="E5A38629B9D3814FEFB3387A9DCA4C8C">
<mods:roleTerm id="95539C4B055A3FCD85148C38D2EE0044">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="1F1A6E0940C66B9E02B4A75D85E8C41B">Herbert, D. G.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="8C8EB31CD38A25B5EA8DDC55DEB0D354">Natal Museum, P. Bag 9070, Pietermaritzburg, 3200 South Africa, and School of Biological &amp; Conservation Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, P. Bag X 01, Scottsville, 3209 South Africa</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="272FEEA3A29942E88B6A1F2A38421064" type="email">dherbert@nmsa.org.za</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="515EAC9DAE10CDB5DE57ADFF249E978B">text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem id="7D7FC84B0B3A37FEE8CAE7A1DBD5AFA5" type="host">
<mods:titleInfo id="4111131CE37E2EF37B89475875F4C3E9">
<mods:title id="B7BE4CE5E1175E9280596A7BD3A5E0AD">African Invertebrates</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="28A5DF9CFA9EF5606ADB597FE5D3A476">
<mods:date id="265C39D7DEAD644DCB470B7918A3B5D7">2008</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="306CF4C2594BA9E973D2404D029295F7" type="pubDate">
<mods:number id="33532B4AECD573551BEF5B061C9816B6">2008-12-31</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="224089AD80838099EECDDB153487D2CF" type="volume">
<mods:number id="4C16A5C276E1054AFCB070667F18C572">49</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="FB6E218FB6BD31AA18FF6B8CAB59861F" type="issue">
<mods:number id="67A7F3093171ABB0493C78821D70BCE1">2</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent id="FB36ED23398782948B3B27B282D81A11" unit="page">
<mods:start id="79CB4F6D8D1812DB6338C64146A27C4D">13</mods:start>
<mods:end id="9EF6B2F94F6A640554B96BDC0852F658">13</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:location id="646924514DB7C43F2351F1791C5F15F1">
<mods:url id="3CFC9B92D309C9D67AB2B9CF497623EE">http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.5733/afin.049.0202</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification id="380D4D1AFFAA6D3F67A7D1746A061527">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="2EF27E4E108DA1F0DDDFF1EA55B28AF4" type="CLB-Dataset">55056</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="D483A36243AEAF6960A360047AAA914F" type="DOI">10.5733/afin.049.0202</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="BCF98C320E518F21C6E5736BDB19BFDC" type="GBIF-Dataset">5160bab9-b7e6-4bf6-a4d1-7bddf07ad766</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="3AAA4F8C2A95BF2FFD35D233B7160268" type="ISSN">2305-2562</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="3A62758399D34CF19A9E10C407CF94AF" type="Zenodo-Dep">7661437</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="492987EFFFEC0A37FE34FEEB60BAF96F" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7671318" ID-GBIF-Taxon="209342064" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7671318" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:492987EFFFEC0A37FE34FEEB60BAF96F" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/492987EFFFEC0A37FE34FEEB60BAF96F" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="18" pageId="1" pageNumber="14">
<subSubSection id="899A6572FFEC0A33FE34FEEB6165FEA0" box="[508,815,307,332]" pageId="1" pageNumber="14" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="C13F36F9FFEC0A33FE34FEEB6165FEA0" blockId="1.[508,815,270,332]" box="[508,815,307,332]" pageId="1" pageNumber="14">
<heading id="9A778195FFEC0A33FE34FEEB6165FEA0" box="[508,815,307,332]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="1" pageNumber="14" reason="2">
<taxonomicName id="06804D7AFFEC0A33FE34FEEB60A6FEA0" ID-CoL="7CSKJ" authority="Nangammbi &amp; Herbert, 2008" authorityName="Nangammbi &amp; Herbert" authorityYear="2008" box="[508,748,307,332]" class="Gastropoda" family="Phasianellidae" genus="Tricolia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trochida" pageId="1" pageNumber="14" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="retrolineata" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="F3F4EAEBFFEC0A33FE34FEEB60A6FEA0" bold="true" box="[508,748,307,332]" pageId="1" pageNumber="14">Tricolia retrolineata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="E8C75790FFEC0A33FD3BFEEB6165FEA0" box="[755,815,307,332]" pageId="1" pageNumber="14" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="899A6572FFEC0A33FDFCFE8360BDFE98" box="[564,759,347,372]" pageId="1" pageNumber="14" type="description">
<paragraph id="C13F36F9FFEC0A33FDFCFE8360BDFE98" blockId="1.[564,759,347,372]" box="[564,759,347,372]" pageId="1" pageNumber="14">
<figureCitation id="59BB2A7CFFEC0A33FDFCFE8360EEFE98" box="[564,676,347,372]" captionStart="Figs 1–12" captionStartId="2.[145,184,1285,1305]" captionTargetBox="[158,1095,205,1253]" captionTargetId="figure-65@2.[144,1104,182,1277]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Figs 1–12. Tricolia retrolineata sp. n., variation in shell colour and pattern: (1, 2) holotype, length 6.5 mm, width 3.5 mm, NMSA L5938/T2238, Ponta do Ouro, Mozambique; (3–12) paratypes: (3, 4) length 5.8 mm, width 3.3 mm, NMSA S2851/T2242, between Bhanga Nek and Kosi Bay, KwaZulu-Natal; (5, 6) length 7.1 mm, width 3.8 mm, NMSA L7357/T3339, Ponta do Ouro, Mozambique; (7, 8) length 6.0 mm, width 3.4 mm, NMSA L6904/T2240, Malongane, Mozambique; (9, 10) length 6.5 mm, width 3.4 mm, NMSA W1935/T2243, Mzamba, Eastern Cape; (11, 12) length 7.4 mm, width 4.1 mm, NMSA E2476/T2241, Leadsman Shoal, KwaZulu- Natal." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7661439" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7661439/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="14">Figs 1–12</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="59BB2A7CFFEC0A33FD79FE8360BDFE98" box="[689,759,347,372]" captionStart-0="Figs 14, 15" captionStart-1="Fig" captionStart-2="Fig" captionStartId-0="4.[143,182,629,649]" captionStartId-1="5.[182,215,680,700]" captionStartId-2="6.[310,343,787,807]" captionTargetBox-0="[144,1104,203,610]" captionTargetBox-1="[316,999,203,642]" captionTargetBox-2="[236,1012,203,766]" captionTargetId-0="figure-466@4.[144,1104,203,610]" captionTargetId-1="figure-395@5.[309,1004,191,652]" captionTargetId-2="figure-427@6.[229,1019,198,773]" captionTargetPageId-0="4" captionTargetPageId-1="5" captionTargetPageId-2="6" captionText-0="Figs 14, 15. Apices of Tricolia elongata (Krauss, 1848) and T. retrolineata sp. n.: (14) T. elongata showing white, subsutural spots on second teleoconch whorl, NMSA W4769, Cape Agulhas, Western Cape; (15) T. retrolineata sp. n. lacking spots on apical region, NMSA L5938/T2238, Ponta do Ouro, Mozambique." captionText-1="Fig. 16. Scanning electron micrographs of the external surface of operculum of Tricolia retrolineata sp. n., showing distinct peripheral groove underlying labral margin, paratype, maximum diameter 2.9 mm, NMSA E2476/T2241." captionText-2="Fig. 17. Distribution of T. retrolineata sp. n. (9) and T. elongata (•)." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7661443" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7661445" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7661447" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/7661443/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/7661445/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/7661447/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="14">15–17</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="899A6572FFEC0A33FF7DFE5D6188FE52" pageId="1" pageNumber="14" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="C13F36F9FFEC0A33FF7DFE5D6188FE52" blockId="1.[181,1141,389,446]" pageId="1" pageNumber="14">
Etymology: From Latin 
<emphasis id="F3F4EAEBFFEC0A33FE74FE5D63BBFE71" box="[444,497,389,413]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="14">retro</emphasis>
(backward) and 
<emphasis id="F3F4EAEBFFEC0A33FD6CFE5D60BAFE71" box="[676,752,389,413]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="14">lineata</emphasis>
(lined), referring to the opisthocline lines which usually form a conspicuous element of the colour pattern.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="899A6572FFEC0A33FF7DFE1660B8FD4B" pageId="1" pageNumber="14" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="C13F36F9FFEC0A33FF7DFE1660B8FD4B" blockId="1.[181,1142,462,679]" pageId="1" pageNumber="14">Diagnosis: Shell small, bulimiform; whorls lacking distinct keel or angulation, but noticeably more strongly rounded below periphery; body whorl relatively large in proportion to the rest of shell; suture relatively shallow; surface smooth and somewhat glossy; fresh specimens translucent with variable coloration, but typically yellowish brown patterned with numerous, fine, close-set, sinuous, orange-red, opisthocline lines, and with bold, white, red or dark brown blotches or zigzag axial lines on adapical surface of each whorl; apical whorls lacking subsutural spots.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="899A6572FFEC0A33FF7DFD6F6172FA31" pageId="1" pageNumber="14" type="description">
<paragraph id="C13F36F9FFEC0A33FF7DFD6F630BFD3C" blockId="1.[181,321,695,720]" box="[181,321,695,720]" pageId="1" pageNumber="14">Description:</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C13F36F9FFEC0A33FF7DFD38612BFB55" blockId="1.[181,1142,736,1209]" pageId="1" pageNumber="14">
Shell small, bulimiform, with up to 3.5 teleoconch whorls; body whorl relatively large in proportion to the rest of shell (
<emphasis id="F3F4EAEBFFEC0A33FDE8FCD86071FCF4" box="[544,571,768,792]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="14">ca</emphasis>
80 % of total length); whorls lacking a distinct keel or angulation, but noticeably more strongly rounded below periphery; suture relatively shallow. Shell usually smooth and glossy, lacking spiral sculpture, marked only by fine growth-lines. Aperture ovate-circular, outer lip thin; interior without nacre and colour pattern visible internally; inner lip concave and slightly reflected over umbilical region; umbilicus closed in most specimens, but occasionally remaining as a narrow chink. Shell translucent with variable coloration; ground colour yellowish, typically patterned with numerous, fine, close-set, sinuous, orange-red, opisthocline lines, and commonly with bold white and red or dark brown blotches on adapical surface (
<figureCitation id="59BB2A7CFFEC0A33FBE1FBD862B7FBD5" captionStart="Figs 1–12" captionStartId="2.[145,184,1285,1305]" captionTargetBox="[158,1095,205,1253]" captionTargetId="figure-65@2.[144,1104,182,1277]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Figs 1–12. Tricolia retrolineata sp. n., variation in shell colour and pattern: (1, 2) holotype, length 6.5 mm, width 3.5 mm, NMSA L5938/T2238, Ponta do Ouro, Mozambique; (3–12) paratypes: (3, 4) length 5.8 mm, width 3.3 mm, NMSA S2851/T2242, between Bhanga Nek and Kosi Bay, KwaZulu-Natal; (5, 6) length 7.1 mm, width 3.8 mm, NMSA L7357/T3339, Ponta do Ouro, Mozambique; (7, 8) length 6.0 mm, width 3.4 mm, NMSA L6904/T2240, Malongane, Mozambique; (9, 10) length 6.5 mm, width 3.4 mm, NMSA W1935/T2243, Mzamba, Eastern Cape; (11, 12) length 7.4 mm, width 4.1 mm, NMSA E2476/T2241, Leadsman Shoal, KwaZulu- Natal." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7661439" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7661439/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="14">Figs 1, 2, 7, 8</figureCitation>
), or with alternating darker orange-red and paler zigzag axial lines (
<figureCitation id="59BB2A7CFFEC0A33FBC8FBF8662DFBD5" box="[1024,1127,1056,1081]" captionStart="Figs 1–12" captionStartId="2.[145,184,1285,1305]" captionTargetBox="[158,1095,205,1253]" captionTargetId="figure-65@2.[144,1104,182,1277]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Figs 1–12. Tricolia retrolineata sp. n., variation in shell colour and pattern: (1, 2) holotype, length 6.5 mm, width 3.5 mm, NMSA L5938/T2238, Ponta do Ouro, Mozambique; (3–12) paratypes: (3, 4) length 5.8 mm, width 3.3 mm, NMSA S2851/T2242, between Bhanga Nek and Kosi Bay, KwaZulu-Natal; (5, 6) length 7.1 mm, width 3.8 mm, NMSA L7357/T3339, Ponta do Ouro, Mozambique; (7, 8) length 6.0 mm, width 3.4 mm, NMSA L6904/T2240, Malongane, Mozambique; (9, 10) length 6.5 mm, width 3.4 mm, NMSA W1935/T2243, Mzamba, Eastern Cape; (11, 12) length 7.4 mm, width 4.1 mm, NMSA E2476/T2241, Leadsman Shoal, KwaZulu- Natal." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7661439" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7661439/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="14">Figs 3–6</figureCitation>
); in some specimens the opisthocline lines anastomose, creating a darker reddish network with yellowish orange spots (
<figureCitation id="59BB2A7CFFEC0A33FDCAFBB86032FB95" box="[514,632,1120,1145]" captionStart="Figs 1–12" captionStartId="2.[145,184,1285,1305]" captionTargetBox="[158,1095,205,1253]" captionTargetId="figure-65@2.[144,1104,182,1277]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Figs 1–12. Tricolia retrolineata sp. n., variation in shell colour and pattern: (1, 2) holotype, length 6.5 mm, width 3.5 mm, NMSA L5938/T2238, Ponta do Ouro, Mozambique; (3–12) paratypes: (3, 4) length 5.8 mm, width 3.3 mm, NMSA S2851/T2242, between Bhanga Nek and Kosi Bay, KwaZulu-Natal; (5, 6) length 7.1 mm, width 3.8 mm, NMSA L7357/T3339, Ponta do Ouro, Mozambique; (7, 8) length 6.0 mm, width 3.4 mm, NMSA L6904/T2240, Malongane, Mozambique; (9, 10) length 6.5 mm, width 3.4 mm, NMSA W1935/T2243, Mzamba, Eastern Cape; (11, 12) length 7.4 mm, width 4.1 mm, NMSA E2476/T2241, Leadsman Shoal, KwaZulu- Natal." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7661439" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7661439/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="14">Figs 9, 10</figureCitation>
); umbilical region often bordered by a broad white band traversed by the red opisthocline lines which by this stage appear almost axial; apical whorls lacking white subsutural spots (
<figureCitation id="59BB2A7CFFEC0A33FD37FB786119FB55" box="[767,851,1184,1209]" captionStart="Figs 14, 15" captionStartId="4.[143,182,629,649]" captionTargetBox="[144,1104,203,610]" captionTargetId="figure-466@4.[144,1104,203,610]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figs 14, 15. Apices of Tricolia elongata (Krauss, 1848) and T. retrolineata sp. n.: (14) T. elongata showing white, subsutural spots on second teleoconch whorl, NMSA W4769, Cape Agulhas, Western Cape; (15) T. retrolineata sp. n. lacking spots on apical region, NMSA L5938/T2238, Ponta do Ouro, Mozambique." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7661443" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7661443/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="14">Fig. 15</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C13F36F9FFEC0A33FF7DFB1163CCFAEE" blockId="1.[181,1142,1225,1282]" pageId="1" pageNumber="14">
<emphasis id="F3F4EAEBFFEC0A33FF7DFB11637DFB0D" box="[181,311,1225,1249]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="14">Protoconch</emphasis>
: Unknown (shell apex worn in all the material available, no specimens suitable for SEM).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C13F36F9FFEC0A33FF7DFACA60BDFA87" blockId="1.[181,1141,1298,1387]" pageId="1" pageNumber="14">
<emphasis id="F3F4EAEBFFEC0A33FF7DFACA6378FAC6" box="[181,306,1298,1322]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="14">Operculum</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="59BB2A7CFFEC0A33FE88FACA63D9FAC7" box="[320,403,1298,1323]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[182,215,680,700]" captionTargetBox="[316,999,203,642]" captionTargetId="figure-395@5.[309,1004,191,652]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 16. Scanning electron micrographs of the external surface of operculum of Tricolia retrolineata sp. n., showing distinct peripheral groove underlying labral margin, paratype, maximum diameter 2.9 mm, NMSA E2476/T2241." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7661445" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7661445/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="14">Fig. 16</figureCitation>
): Calcareous, thick and convex; paucispiral with eccentric nucleus; exterior somewhat eroded in the single operculum available, but clearly showing a narrow peripheral groove underlying labral margin.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C13F36F9FFEC0A33FF7DFAA360CCFA78" blockId="1.[181,646,1403,1428]" box="[181,646,1403,1428]" pageId="1" pageNumber="14">
<emphasis id="F3F4EAEBFFEC0A33FF7DFAA3604BFA7F" box="[181,513,1403,1427]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="14">Radula and external anatomy</emphasis>
: Unknown.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C13F36F9FFEC0A33FF7DFA7C6172FA31" blockId="1.[181,1142,1444,1501]" pageId="1" pageNumber="14">
<emphasis id="F3F4EAEBFFEC0A33FF7DFA7C631DFA50" box="[181,343,1444,1468]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="14">Measurements</emphasis>
(mm): 
<typeStatus id="1E3B885BFFEC0A33FE64FA7C605EFA51" box="[428,532,1444,1469]" pageId="1" pageNumber="14" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
(
<figureCitation id="59BB2A7CFFEC0A33FDECFA7C60C2FA51" box="[548,648,1444,1469]" captionStart="Figs 1–12" captionStartId="2.[145,184,1285,1305]" captionTargetBox="[158,1095,205,1253]" captionTargetId="figure-65@2.[144,1104,182,1277]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Figs 1–12. Tricolia retrolineata sp. n., variation in shell colour and pattern: (1, 2) holotype, length 6.5 mm, width 3.5 mm, NMSA L5938/T2238, Ponta do Ouro, Mozambique; (3–12) paratypes: (3, 4) length 5.8 mm, width 3.3 mm, NMSA S2851/T2242, between Bhanga Nek and Kosi Bay, KwaZulu-Natal; (5, 6) length 7.1 mm, width 3.8 mm, NMSA L7357/T3339, Ponta do Ouro, Mozambique; (7, 8) length 6.0 mm, width 3.4 mm, NMSA L6904/T2240, Malongane, Mozambique; (9, 10) length 6.5 mm, width 3.4 mm, NMSA W1935/T2243, Mzamba, Eastern Cape; (11, 12) length 7.4 mm, width 4.1 mm, NMSA E2476/T2241, Leadsman Shoal, KwaZulu- Natal." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7661439" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7661439/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="14">Figs 1, 2</figureCitation>
) – length 6.4, width 3.5; largest specimen – length 7.4, width 4.1. Length:width ratio 1.2–1.3 (N=10).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="899A6572FFEC0A30FF7DFA356295F9F2" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="15" pageId="1" pageNumber="14" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="C13F36F9FFEC0A30FF7DFA356295F9F2" blockId="1.[181,1142,1517,1670]" lastBlockId="2.[144,1104,1509,1670]" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="15" pageId="1" pageNumber="14">
Habitat: On the available evidence, 
<taxonomicName id="06804D7AFFEC0A33FD8FFA3560ADF9E9" authorityName="Nangammbi &amp; Herbert" authorityYear="2008" box="[583,743,1517,1541]" class="Gastropoda" family="Phasianellidae" genus="Tricolia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trochida" pageId="1" pageNumber="14" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="retrolineata">
<emphasis id="F3F4EAEBFFEC0A33FD8FFA3560ADF9E9" box="[583,743,1517,1541]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="14">T. retrolineata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a subtidal species inhabiting offshore reefs; the bulk of material has been collected from swash accumulations of dead shells in coral reef gulleys, suggesting that the animals were living on the reefs themselves. The single live-collected specimen was found on a coral-dominated reef between 7 and 
<specimenCount id="D786FD70FFEC0A33FF31F9B56372F96A" box="[249,312,1645,1670]" pageId="1" pageNumber="14" type="generic">
<quantity id="06789B1CFFEC0A33FF31F9B5637EF96A" box="[249,308,1645,1670]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="1" pageNumber="14" unit="m" value="11.0">11 m</quantity>
.
</specimenCount>
Empty shells have also been collected on more algae-dominated reefs and this may be the principal habitat at southern localities where coral-dominated reefs are absent.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="95FF6671FFEF0A30FF59FADD6360FA2D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7661439" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7661439" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7661439/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="15" startId="2.[145,184,1285,1305]" targetBox="[158,1095,205,1253]" targetPageId="2">
<paragraph id="C13F36F9FFEF0A30FF59FADD6360FA2D" blockId="2.[145,1106,1285,1473]" pageId="2" pageNumber="15">
Figs 1–12. 
<taxonomicName id="06804D7AFFEF0A30FF3EFADE63E4FAF6" authority="Nangammbi &amp; Herbert, 2008" authorityName="Nangammbi &amp; Herbert" authorityYear="2008" box="[246,430,1286,1306]" class="Gastropoda" family="Phasianellidae" genus="Tricolia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trochida" pageId="2" pageNumber="15" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="retrolineata" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="F3F4EAEBFFEF0A30FF3EFADE63E4FAF6" box="[246,430,1286,1306]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="15">Tricolia retrolineata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="E8C75790FFEF0A30FE7BFADD63AEFAF5" box="[435,484,1285,1305]" pageId="2" pageNumber="15" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, variation in shell colour and pattern: (1, 2) holotype, length 6.5 mm, width 3.5 mm, NMSA L5938/T2238, Ponta do Ouro, Mozambique; (3–12) paratypes: (3, 4) length 5.8 mm, width 3.3 mm, NMSA S2851/T2242, between Bhanga Nek and Kosi Bay, KwaZulu-Natal; (5, 6) length 7.1 mm, width 3.8 mm, NMSA L7357/T3339, Ponta do Ouro, Mozambique; (7, 8) length 6.0 mm, width 3.4 mm, NMSA L6904/T2240, Malongane, Mozambique; (9, 10) length 6.5 mm, width 3.4 mm, NMSA W1935/T2243, Mzamba, Eastern Cape; (11, 12) length 7.4 mm, width 4.1 mm, NMSA E2476/T2241, Leadsman Shoal, KwaZulu- Natal.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="899A6572FFEF0A31FF58F9F5616DF964" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="16" pageId="2" pageNumber="15" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="C13F36F9FFEF0A31FF58F9F561CDFBE4" blockId="2.[144,1104,1509,1670]" lastBlockId="3.[181,1142,975,1672]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="16" pageId="2" pageNumber="15">
Comparison: The smooth, glossy shell with bright, variegated colour pattern, as well as the convex, paucispiral, calcareous operculum and lack of interior nacre clearly place this species in the family 
<taxonomicName id="06804D7AFFEF0A30FE63F9B5601BF96A" authorityName="Swainson" authorityYear="1840" box="[427,593,1645,1670]" class="Gastropoda" family="Phasianellidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trochida" pageId="2" pageNumber="15" phylum="Mollusca" rank="family">Phasianellidae</taxonomicName>
. The bulimiform shape of the shell, combined with its small size and lack of capillary lines in the colour pattern are typical of the genus 
<emphasis id="F3F4EAEBFFEE0A31FF36FC286334FBE4" box="[254,382,1008,1032]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="16">
<taxonomicName id="06804D7AFFEE0A31FF36FC28631DFBE4" authorityName="Risso" authorityYear="1826" box="[254,343,1008,1032]" class="Gastropoda" family="Phasianellidae" genus="Tricolia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trochida" pageId="3" pageNumber="16" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus" sensu="lato">Tricolia</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="E8C75790FFEE0A31FE96FC286334FBE4" box="[350,382,1008,1032]" pageId="3" pageNumber="16" sensu="lato">s.l.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="A5114B08FFEE0A31FE45FC37600EFBE4" author="ROBERTSON, R." box="[397,580,1007,1032]" pageId="3" pageNumber="16" pagination="1 - 103" refId="ref3398" refString="ROBERTSON, R. 1985. Archaeogastropod biology and the systematics of the genus Tricolia (Trochacea: Tricoliidae) in the Indo-West Pacific. Monographs of marine Mollusca 3: 1 - 103." type="journal article" year="1985">Robertson 1985</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="A5114B08FFEE0A31FD87FC376130FBE4" author="HICKMAN, C. S. &amp; MCLEAN, J. H." box="[591,890,1007,1032]" pageId="3" pageNumber="16" pagination="1 - 169" refId="ref3272" refString="HICKMAN, C. S. &amp; MCLEAN, J. H. 1990. Systematic revision and suprageneric classification of trochacean gastropods. Science series, Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County 35: 1 - 169." type="journal article" year="1990">Hickman &amp; McLean 1990</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="95FF6671FFEE0A31FF7EFCA163D0FC49" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7661441" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7661441" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7661441/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="16" startId="3.[182,215,889,909]" targetBox="[190,1122,201,864]" targetPageId="3">
<paragraph id="C13F36F9FFEE0A31FF7EFCA163D0FC49" blockId="3.[182,1142,889,933]" pageId="3" pageNumber="16">
Fig. 13. 
<taxonomicName id="06804D7AFFEE0A31FECAFCA26064FC61" authority="(Krauss, 1848)" baseAuthorityName="Krauss" baseAuthorityYear="1848" box="[258,558,889,910]" class="Gastropoda" family="Phasianellidae" genus="Tricolia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trochida" pageId="3" pageNumber="16" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="elongata">
<emphasis id="F3F4EAEBFFEE0A31FECAFCA263D4FC62" box="[258,414,890,910]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="16">Tricolia elongata</emphasis>
(Krauss, 1848)
</taxonomicName>
, length 12.7 mm, width 6.9 mm, NMSA W4769, Cape Agulhas, Western Cape.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="C13F36F9FFEE0A31FF18FBD76130FA64" blockId="3.[181,1142,975,1672]" pageId="3" pageNumber="16">
Specimens of this new taxon were previously identified under the name 
<taxonomicName id="06804D7AFFEE0A31FBD5FBC86398FBA4" authority="(Turton, 1932)" baseAuthorityName="Turton" baseAuthorityYear="1932" class="Gastropoda" family="Phasianellidae" genus="Tricolia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trochida" pageId="3" pageNumber="16" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="alfredensis">
<emphasis id="F3F4EAEBFFEE0A31FBD5FBC86366FBA4" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="16">Tricolia alfredensis</emphasis>
(Turton, 1932)
</taxonomicName>
, primarily on account of their bulimiform shape and distinctive colour pattern of sinuous opisthocline lines. However, 
<taxonomicName id="06804D7AFFEE0A31FCDBFB8861EDFB84" baseAuthorityName="Turton" baseAuthorityYear="1932" box="[787,935,1104,1128]" class="Gastropoda" family="Phasianellidae" genus="Tricolia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trochida" pageId="3" pageNumber="16" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="alfredensis">
<emphasis id="F3F4EAEBFFEE0A31FCDBFB8861EDFB84" box="[787,935,1104,1128]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="16">T. alfredensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is now considered to represent nothing more than a colour form of the variable 
<taxonomicName id="06804D7AFFEE0A31FC86FBA8663FFB64" authority="(Krauss, 1848)" baseAuthorityName="Krauss" baseAuthorityYear="1848" box="[846,1141,1135,1160]" class="Gastropoda" family="Phasianellidae" genus="Tricolia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trochida" pageId="3" pageNumber="16" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="elongata">
<emphasis id="F3F4EAEBFFEE0A31FC86FBA86181FB64" box="[846,971,1136,1160]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="16">T. elongata</emphasis>
(Krauss, 1848)
</taxonomicName>
(Nangammbi unpubl. data). Although 
<taxonomicName id="06804D7AFFEE0A31FDAAFB486148FB44" authorityName="Nangammbi &amp; Herbert" authorityYear="2008" box="[610,770,1168,1192]" class="Gastropoda" family="Phasianellidae" genus="Tricolia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trochida" pageId="3" pageNumber="16" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="retrolineata">
<emphasis id="F3F4EAEBFFEE0A31FDAAFB486148FB44" box="[610,770,1168,1192]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="16">T. retrolineata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
resembles 
<taxonomicName id="06804D7AFFEE0A31FC48FB4861B7FB44" baseAuthorityName="Krauss" baseAuthorityYear="1848" box="[896,1021,1168,1192]" class="Gastropoda" family="Phasianellidae" genus="Tricolia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trochida" pageId="3" pageNumber="16" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="elongata">
<emphasis id="F3F4EAEBFFEE0A31FC48FB4861B7FB44" box="[896,1021,1168,1192]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="16">T. elongata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
more than it does any other southern African 
<taxonomicName id="06804D7AFFEE0A31FD8BFB6860B3FB24" box="[579,761,1199,1224]" pageId="3" pageNumber="16">
<emphasis id="F3F4EAEBFFEE0A31FD8BFB6860D6FB24" box="[579,668,1200,1224]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="16">Tricolia</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
, it differs from this in attaining a smaller size (maximum length 
<quantity id="06789B1CFFEE0A31FDC4FB17602BFB04" box="[524,609,1231,1256]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.4" pageId="3" pageNumber="16" unit="mm" value="7.4">7.4 mm</quantity>
<emphasis id="F3F4EAEBFFEE0A31FDAEFB086037FB04" box="[614,637,1232,1256]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="16">vs</emphasis>
<quantity id="06789B1CFFEE0A31FD4BFB1760ACFB04" box="[643,742,1231,1256]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3699999999999999" pageId="3" pageNumber="16" unit="mm" value="13.7">13.7 mm</quantity>
in 
<taxonomicName id="06804D7AFFEE0A31FCCFFB0861CFFB04" baseAuthorityName="Krauss" baseAuthorityYear="1848" box="[775,901,1231,1256]" class="Gastropoda" family="Phasianellidae" genus="Tricolia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trochida" pageId="3" pageNumber="16" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="elongata">
<emphasis id="F3F4EAEBFFEE0A31FCCFFB08615DFB04" box="[775,791,1232,1256]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="16">T</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="F3F4EAEBFFEE0A31FCEBFB0861CFFB04" box="[803,901,1232,1256]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="16">elongata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) and in having a thin, translucent shell. This species is represented by a sample size of more than 
<specimenCount id="D786FD70FFEE0A31FC1DFB37663FFAE4" box="[981,1141,1263,1288]" pageId="3" pageNumber="16" type="generic">100 specimens</specimenCount>
in the Natal Museum collection, and the probability of adult shells being represented in this sample would be high. 
<taxonomicName id="06804D7AFFEE0A31FE11FAE860DEFAA4" baseAuthorityName="Krauss" baseAuthorityYear="1848" box="[473,660,1328,1352]" class="Gastropoda" family="Phasianellidae" genus="Tricolia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trochida" pageId="3" pageNumber="16" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="elongata">
<emphasis id="F3F4EAEBFFEE0A31FE11FAE860DEFAA4" box="[473,660,1328,1352]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="16">Tricolia elongata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="59BB2A7CFFEE0A31FD68FAF760B8FAA4" box="[672,754,1327,1352]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="3.[182,215,889,909]" captionTargetBox="[190,1122,201,864]" captionTargetId="figure-319@3.[181,1141,189,871]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Fig. 13. Tricolia elongata (Krauss, 1848), length 12.7 mm, width 6.9 mm, NMSA W4769, Cape Agulhas, Western Cape." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7661441" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7661441/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="16">Figs 13</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="59BB2A7CFFEE0A31FD34FAF76152FAA4" box="[764,792,1327,1352]" captionStart="Figs 14, 15" captionStartId="4.[143,182,629,649]" captionTargetBox="[144,1104,203,610]" captionTargetId="figure-466@4.[144,1104,203,610]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figs 14, 15. Apices of Tricolia elongata (Krauss, 1848) and T. retrolineata sp. n.: (14) T. elongata showing white, subsutural spots on second teleoconch whorl, NMSA W4769, Cape Agulhas, Western Cape; (15) T. retrolineata sp. n. lacking spots on apical region, NMSA L5938/T2238, Ponta do Ouro, Mozambique." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7661443" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7661443/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="16">14</figureCitation>
) also differs from 
<taxonomicName id="06804D7AFFEE0A31FC14FAE8663FFAA4" authorityName="Nangammbi &amp; Herbert" authorityYear="2008" box="[988,1141,1328,1352]" class="Gastropoda" family="Phasianellidae" genus="Tricolia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trochida" pageId="3" pageNumber="16" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="retrolineata">
<emphasis id="F3F4EAEBFFEE0A31FC14FAE8663FFAA4" box="[988,1141,1328,1352]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="16">T. retrolineata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="59BB2A7CFFEE0A31FF76FA976344FA84" box="[190,270,1359,1384]" captionStart="Figs 14, 15" captionStartId="4.[143,182,629,649]" captionTargetBox="[144,1104,203,610]" captionTargetId="figure-466@4.[144,1104,203,610]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figs 14, 15. Apices of Tricolia elongata (Krauss, 1848) and T. retrolineata sp. n.: (14) T. elongata showing white, subsutural spots on second teleoconch whorl, NMSA W4769, Cape Agulhas, Western Cape; (15) T. retrolineata sp. n. lacking spots on apical region, NMSA L5938/T2238, Ponta do Ouro, Mozambique." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7661443" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7661443/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="16">Fig. 15</figureCitation>
) in having a spiral row of white, subsutural spots on second teleoconch whorl. However, this is only visible in fresh specimens of this species.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C13F36F9FFEE0A31FF18FA57616DF964" blockId="3.[181,1142,975,1672]" pageId="3" pageNumber="16">
Furthermore, the two species differ in their habitat preferences. 
<taxonomicName id="06804D7AFFEE0A31FC6DFA48660CFA44" authorityName="Nangammbi &amp; Herbert" authorityYear="2008" box="[933,1094,1424,1448]" class="Gastropoda" family="Phasianellidae" genus="Tricolia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trochida" pageId="3" pageNumber="16" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="retrolineata">
<emphasis id="F3F4EAEBFFEE0A31FC6DFA48660CFA44" box="[933,1094,1424,1448]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="16">T. retrolineata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a subtidal species, whereas 
<taxonomicName id="06804D7AFFEE0A31FE15FA686016FA24" baseAuthorityName="Krauss" baseAuthorityYear="1848" box="[477,604,1456,1480]" class="Gastropoda" family="Phasianellidae" genus="Tricolia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trochida" pageId="3" pageNumber="16" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="elongata">
<emphasis id="F3F4EAEBFFEE0A31FE15FA686016FA24" box="[477,604,1456,1480]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="16">T. elongata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
occurs commonly in the rocky intertidal zone, living among seaweed at low spring tide level. Unfortunately, prior to this species being identified as an undescribed taxon, the body of the single live-collected specimen was used for DNA extraction in relation to phylogenetic studies of the southern African 
<taxonomicName id="06804D7AFFEE0A31FF7DF9E86344F9A4" authorityName="Risso" authorityYear="1826" box="[181,270,1584,1608]" class="Gastropoda" family="Phasianellidae" genus="Tricolia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trochida" pageId="3" pageNumber="16" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="F3F4EAEBFFEE0A31FF7DF9E86344F9A4" box="[181,270,1584,1608]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="16">Tricolia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
radiation. However, the DNA was not successfully extracted, possibly due to relaxation of the specimen in MgCl 
<subScript id="5D0434BCFFEE0A31FD87F9B8601DF982" attach="left" box="[591,599,1632,1646]" fontSize="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="16">2</subScript>
prior to preservation. Comparative data on the radula and external anatomy are therefore not available.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="95FF6671FFE90A36FF47FDAD63EDFD3D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7661443" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7661443" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7661443/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="17" startId="4.[143,182,629,649]" targetBox="[144,1104,203,610]" targetPageId="4">
<paragraph id="C13F36F9FFE90A36FF47FDAD63EDFD3D" blockId="4.[143,1103,629,721]" pageId="4" pageNumber="17">
Figs 14, 15. Apices of 
<taxonomicName id="06804D7AFFE90A36FE91FDAE60CAFD65" authority="(Krauss, 1848)" baseAuthorityName="Krauss" baseAuthorityYear="1848" box="[345,640,629,650]" class="Gastropoda" family="Phasianellidae" genus="Tricolia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trochida" pageId="4" pageNumber="17" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="elongata">
<emphasis id="F3F4EAEBFFE90A36FE91FDAE63BFFD66" box="[345,501,630,650]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="17">Tricolia elongata</emphasis>
(Krauss, 1848)
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="06804D7AFFE90A36FD64FDAE6166FD66" authority="Nangammbi &amp; Herbert, 2008" authorityName="Nangammbi &amp; Herbert" authorityYear="2008" box="[684,812,630,650]" class="Gastropoda" family="Phasianellidae" genus="Tricolia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trochida" pageId="4" pageNumber="17" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="retrolineata" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="F3F4EAEBFFE90A36FD64FDAE6166FD66" box="[684,812,630,650]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="17">T. retrolineata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="E8C75790FFE90A36FCF9FDAD612EFD65" box="[817,868,629,649]" pageId="4" pageNumber="17" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
: (14) 
<taxonomicName id="06804D7AFFE90A36FC50FDAE61B6FD66" baseAuthorityName="Krauss" baseAuthorityYear="1848" box="[920,1020,630,650]" class="Gastropoda" family="Phasianellidae" genus="Tricolia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trochida" pageId="4" pageNumber="17" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="elongata">
<emphasis id="F3F4EAEBFFE90A36FC50FDAE61B6FD66" box="[920,1020,630,650]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="17">T. elongata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
showing white, subsutural spots on second teleoconch whorl, NMSA W4769, Cape Agulhas, Western Cape; (15) 
<taxonomicName id="06804D7AFFE90A36FE9EFD7E639DFD56" authority="Nangammbi &amp; Herbert, 2008" authorityName="Nangammbi &amp; Herbert" authorityYear="2008" box="[342,471,678,698]" class="Gastropoda" family="Phasianellidae" genus="Tricolia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trochida" pageId="4" pageNumber="17" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="retrolineata" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="F3F4EAEBFFE90A36FE9EFD7E639DFD56" box="[342,471,678,698]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="17">T. retrolineata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="E8C75790FFE90A36FE15FD7D6044FD55" box="[477,526,677,697]" pageId="4" pageNumber="17" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
lacking spots on apical region, NMSA L5938/T2238, Ponta do Ouro, Mozambique.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="899A6572FFE90A36FF58FCDE6169FB2E" pageId="4" pageNumber="17" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="C13F36F9FFE90A36FF58FCDE60E1FCDE" blockId="4.[144,1105,774,1672]" pageId="4" pageNumber="17">
<materialsCitation id="71E83CA4FFE90A36FF58FCDE60E1FCDE" collectingDate="1997-04-14" collectionCode="NMSA" collectorName="D. Herbert" country="Mozambique" elevation="20" latitude="-26.85" location="Ponta do Ouro" longLatPrecision="74" longitude="32.917" pageId="4" pageNumber="17" specimenCode="L5938, T2238" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<typeStatus id="1E3B885BFFE90A36FF58FCDE62A2FCF6" box="[144,232,774,794]" pageId="4" pageNumber="17" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
: 
<collectingCountry id="B9977669FFE90A36FF3BFCDE63D9FCF6" box="[243,403,774,794]" name="Mozambique" pageId="4" pageNumber="17">MOZAMBIQUE</collectingCountry>
: 
<location id="C45F6022FFE90A36FE56FCDE6063FCF6" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:492987EFFFEC0A37FE34FEEB60BAF96F:C45F6022FFE90A36FE56FCDE6063FCF6" box="[414,553,774,794]" country="Mozambique" latitude="-26.85" longLatPrecision="74" longitude="32.917" name="Ponta do Ouro" pageId="4" pageNumber="17">Ponta do Ouro</location>
(
<geoCoordinate id="A4B4503EFFE90A36FDF0FCDE60C7FCF6" box="[568,653,774,794]" degrees="26.850" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="17" precision="55" value="-26.85">26.850ºS</geoCoordinate>
: 
<geoCoordinate id="A4B4503EFFE90A36FD58FCDE60A2FCF6" box="[656,744,774,794]" degrees="32.917" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="17" precision="55" value="32.917">32.917ºE</geoCoordinate>
), subtidal reef, hand-dredged sand, 
<emphasis id="F3F4EAEBFFE90A36FBF2FCDE6605FCF6" box="[1082,1103,774,794]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="17">ca</emphasis>
<quantity id="06789B1CFFE90A36FF58FCC6628AFCDE" box="[144,192,798,818]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="17" unit="m" value="20.0">
<elevation id="4AADD1CAFFE90A36FF58FCC6628AFCDE" box="[144,192,798,818]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="17" unit="m" value="20.0">20 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, 
<date id="B53E1039FFE90A36FF01FCC66360FCDE" box="[201,298,798,818]" pageId="4" pageNumber="17" value="1997-04-14">
<collectingDate id="A57AE9D1FFE90A36FF01FCC66360FCDE" box="[201,298,798,818]" pageId="4" pageNumber="17" value="1997-04-14">14.iv.1997</collectingDate>
</date>
, dived 
<collectorName id="6C75532FFFE90A36FEA4FCC66387FCDE" box="[364,461,798,818]" pageId="4" pageNumber="17">D. Herbert</collectorName>
(
<collectionCode id="A791AE3CFFE90A36FE10FCC66050FCDE" box="[472,538,798,818]" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34985" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34985" name="KwaZulu-Natal Museum" pageId="4" pageNumber="17" type="Museum">NMSA</collectionCode>
<specimenCode id="91269E82FFE90A36FDE8FCC66017FCDE" box="[544,605,798,818]" collectionCode="NMSA" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34985" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34985" name="KwaZulu-Natal Museum" pageId="4" pageNumber="17" type="Museum">L5938</specimenCode>
/ 
<specimenCode id="91269E82FFE90A36FDACFCC660EBFCDE" box="[612,673,798,818]" pageId="4" pageNumber="17">T2238</specimenCode>
).
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C13F36F9FFE90A36FF58FCE66293FC16" blockId="4.[144,1105,774,1672]" pageId="4" pageNumber="17">
<materialsCitation id="71E83CA4FFE90A36FF58FCE66044FC6E" collectingDate="1997-04-16" collectionCode="NMSA" collectorName="D. Herbert" country="Mozambique" elevation="15" latitude="-24.798" location="Malongane" longLatPrecision="74" longitude="32.89" pageId="4" pageNumber="17" specimenCode="L7357, T3339, L6904, T2240" specimenCount="40" typeStatus="paratype">
<typeStatus id="1E3B885BFFE90A36FF58FCE662A6FCBE" box="[144,236,830,850]" pageId="4" pageNumber="17" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
: 
<collectingCountry id="B9977669FFE90A36FF3DFCE663DFFCBE" box="[245,405,830,850]" name="Mozambique" pageId="4" pageNumber="17">MOZAMBIQUE</collectingCountry>
: 
<specimenCount id="D786FD70FFE90A36FE56FCE66056FCBE" box="[414,540,830,850]" pageId="4" pageNumber="17" type="generic">25 specimens</specimenCount>
, same collection data as holotype (
<collectionCode id="A791AE3CFFE90A36FC96FCE661EBFCBE" box="[862,929,830,850]" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34985" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34985" name="KwaZulu-Natal Museum" pageId="4" pageNumber="17" type="Museum">NMSA</collectionCode>
<specimenCode id="91269E82FFE90A36FC60FCE661AFFCBE" box="[936,997,830,850]" collectionCode="NMSA" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34985" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34985" name="KwaZulu-Natal Museum" pageId="4" pageNumber="17" type="Museum">L7357</specimenCode>
/ 
<specimenCode id="91269E82FFE90A36FC24FCE66663FCBE" box="[1004,1065,830,850]" pageId="4" pageNumber="17">T3339</specimenCode>
); 
<specimenCount id="D786FD70FFE90A36FBF1FCE662BBFC86" pageId="4" pageNumber="17" type="generic">15 specimens</specimenCount>
, 
<location id="C45F6022FFE90A36FF34FC8E6328FC86" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:492987EFFFEC0A37FE34FEEB60BAF96F:C45F6022FFE90A36FF34FC8E6328FC86" box="[252,354,854,874]" country="Mozambique" latitude="-24.798" longLatPrecision="74" longitude="32.89" name="Malongane" pageId="4" pageNumber="17">Malongane</location>
(
<geoCoordinate id="A4B4503EFFE90A36FEB8FC8E638EFC86" box="[368,452,854,874]" degrees="24.798" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="17" precision="55" value="-24.798">24.798ºS</geoCoordinate>
: 
<geoCoordinate id="A4B4503EFFE90A36FE0FFC8E6055FC86" box="[455,543,854,874]" degrees="32.890" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="17" precision="55" value="32.89">32.890ºE</geoCoordinate>
), coral reef north, hand-dredged sand, 
<quantity id="06789B1CFFE90A36FC42FC8E6195FC86" box="[906,991,854,874]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="17" unit="m" value="15.0" valueMax="20.0" valueMin="10.0">
<elevation id="4AADD1CAFFE90A36FC42FC8E6195FC86" box="[906,991,854,874]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="17" unit="m" value="15.0" valueMax="20.0" valueMin="10.0">10–20 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, 
<date id="B53E1039FFE90A36FC22FC8E6606FC86" box="[1002,1100,854,874]" pageId="4" pageNumber="17" value="1997-04-16">
<collectingDate id="A57AE9D1FFE90A36FC22FC8E6606FC86" box="[1002,1100,854,874]" pageId="4" pageNumber="17" value="1997-04-16">16.iv.1997</collectingDate>
</date>
, dived 
<collectorName id="6C75532FFFE90A36FF03FCB66364FC6E" box="[203,302,878,898]" pageId="4" pageNumber="17">D. Herbert</collectorName>
(
<collectionCode id="A791AE3CFFE90A36FEF5FCB66335FC6E" box="[317,383,878,898]" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34985" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34985" name="KwaZulu-Natal Museum" pageId="4" pageNumber="17" type="Museum">NMSA</collectionCode>
<specimenCode id="91269E82FFE90A36FE4FFCB6638EFC6E" box="[391,452,878,898]" collectionCode="NMSA" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34985" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34985" name="KwaZulu-Natal Museum" pageId="4" pageNumber="17" type="Museum">L6904</specimenCode>
/ 
<specimenCode id="91269E82FFE90A36FE03FCB66042FC6E" box="[459,520,878,898]" pageId="4" pageNumber="17">T2240</specimenCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
. 
<materialsCitation id="71E83CA4FFE90A36FDD2FCB66067FC5E" collectingDate="1988-05-14" collectingDateMax="1990-05-03" collectingDateMin="1988-05-14" collectionCode="NMSA" collectorName="D. Herbert &amp; NPB" country="South Africa" elevation="9" latitude="-26.433" location="Leadsman Shoal" longLatPrecision="74" longitude="32.9" pageId="4" pageNumber="17" specimenCode="E2476, T2241" specimenCount="2" stateProvince="KwaZulu-Natal" typeStatus="paratype">
<collectingCountry id="B9977669FFE90A36FDD2FCB6608EFC6E" box="[538,708,878,898]" name="South Africa" pageId="4" pageNumber="17">SOUTH AFRICA</collectingCountry>
: 
<emphasis id="F3F4EAEBFFE90A36FD07FCB66116FC6E" box="[719,860,878,898]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="17">
<collectingRegion id="0344F81BFFE90A36FD07FCB66116FC6E" box="[719,860,878,898]" country="South Africa" name="KwaZulu-Natal" pageId="4" pageNumber="17">KwaZulu-Natal</collectingRegion>
</emphasis>
: 
<specimenCount id="D786FD70FFE90A36FCA3FCB66197FC6E" box="[875,989,878,898]" pageId="4" pageNumber="17" type="generic">2 specimens</specimenCount>
(one alive), 
<location id="C45F6022FFE90A36FF58FC5E636DFC76" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:492987EFFFEC0A37FE34FEEB60BAF96F:C45F6022FFE90A36FF58FC5E636DFC76" box="[144,295,902,922]" country="South Africa" latitude="-26.433" longLatPrecision="74" longitude="32.9" name="Leadsman Shoal" pageId="4" pageNumber="17" stateProvince="KwaZulu-Natal">Leadsman Shoal</location>
(
<geoCoordinate id="A4B4503EFFE90A36FEFBFC5E63C2FC76" box="[307,392,902,922]" degrees="27.800" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="17" precision="55" value="-27.8">27.800ºS</geoCoordinate>
: 
<geoCoordinate id="A4B4503EFFE90A36FE43FC5E63A9FC76" box="[395,483,902,922]" degrees="32.867" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="17" precision="55" value="32.867">32.867ºE</geoCoordinate>
), main portion of coral reef, 
<quantity id="06789B1CFFE90A36FD21FC5E617AFC76" box="[745,816,902,922]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" metricValueMax="11.0" metricValueMin="7.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="17" unit="m" value="9.0" valueMax="11.0" valueMin="7.0">
<elevation id="4AADD1CAFFE90A36FD21FC5E617AFC76" box="[745,816,902,922]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" metricValueMax="11.0" metricValueMin="7.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="17" unit="m" value="9.0" valueMax="11.0" valueMin="7.0">7–11 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, 
<date id="B53E1039FFE90A36FCF1FC5E61DEFC76" box="[825,916,902,922]" pageId="4" pageNumber="17" value="1988-05-14">
<collectingDate id="A57AE9D1FFE90A36FCF1FC5E61DEFC76" box="[825,916,902,922]" pageId="4" pageNumber="17" value="1988-05-14">14.v.1988</collectingDate>
</date>
, dived 
<collectorName id="6C75532FFFE90A36FC1FFC5E6672FC76" box="[983,1080,902,922]" pageId="4" pageNumber="17">D. Herbert</collectorName>
&amp; 
<collectorName id="6C75532FFFE90A36FF58FC4662F6FC5E" box="[144,188,926,946]" pageId="4" pageNumber="17">NPB</collectorName>
(
<collectionCode id="A791AE3CFFE90A36FF00FC466340FC5E" box="[200,266,926,946]" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34985" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34985" name="KwaZulu-Natal Museum" pageId="4" pageNumber="17" type="Museum">NMSA</collectionCode>
<specimenCode id="91269E82FFE90A36FEC7FC466307FC5E" box="[271,333,926,946]" collectionCode="NMSA" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34985" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34985" name="KwaZulu-Natal Museum" pageId="4" pageNumber="17" type="Museum">E2476</specimenCode>
/ 
<specimenCode id="91269E82FFE90A36FE9BFC4663C4FC5E" box="[339,398,926,946]" pageId="4" pageNumber="17">T2241</specimenCode>
, 
<figureCitation id="59BB2A7CFFE90A36FE50FC4663B4FC5E" box="[408,510,926,946]" captionStart="Figs 1–12" captionStartId="2.[145,184,1285,1305]" captionTargetBox="[158,1095,205,1253]" captionTargetId="figure-65@2.[144,1104,182,1277]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Figs 1–12. Tricolia retrolineata sp. n., variation in shell colour and pattern: (1, 2) holotype, length 6.5 mm, width 3.5 mm, NMSA L5938/T2238, Ponta do Ouro, Mozambique; (3–12) paratypes: (3, 4) length 5.8 mm, width 3.3 mm, NMSA S2851/T2242, between Bhanga Nek and Kosi Bay, KwaZulu-Natal; (5, 6) length 7.1 mm, width 3.8 mm, NMSA L7357/T3339, Ponta do Ouro, Mozambique; (7, 8) length 6.0 mm, width 3.4 mm, NMSA L6904/T2240, Malongane, Mozambique; (9, 10) length 6.5 mm, width 3.4 mm, NMSA W1935/T2243, Mzamba, Eastern Cape; (11, 12) length 7.4 mm, width 4.1 mm, NMSA E2476/T2241, Leadsman Shoal, KwaZulu- Natal." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7661439" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7661439/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="17">Figs 11, 12</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="59BB2A7CFFE90A36FDC0FC46606BFC5E" box="[520,545,926,946]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[182,215,680,700]" captionTargetBox="[316,999,203,642]" captionTargetId="figure-395@5.[309,1004,191,652]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 16. Scanning electron micrographs of the external surface of operculum of Tricolia retrolineata sp. n., showing distinct peripheral groove underlying labral margin, paratype, maximum diameter 2.9 mm, NMSA E2476/T2241." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7661445" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7661445/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="17">16</figureCitation>
);
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="71E83CA4FFE90A36FDFBFC46629FFC0E" collectingDate="1990-05-03" collectingDateMax="1990-05-03" collectingDateMin="1988-05-14" collectingMethod="underwater pump" collectionCode="NMSA" collectorName="D. Herbert &amp; K. Bloem" country="South Africa" elevation="7" latitude="-26.433" location="Leadsman Shoal" longLatPrecision="74" longitude="32.9" pageId="4" pageNumber="17" specimenCode="S2851, T2242" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="KwaZulu-Natal" typeStatus="paratype">
<specimenCount id="D786FD70FFE90A36FDFBFC4660D6FC5E" box="[563,668,926,946]" pageId="4" pageNumber="17" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
, 
<locationDeviation id="D08D2FDBFFE90A36FD6DFC4661A0FC5E" box="[677,1002,926,946]" firstLocation="Bhanga Nek" pageId="4" pageNumber="17" secondLocation="Kosi Bay">between Bhanga Nek and Kosi Bay</locationDeviation>
(
<geoCoordinate id="A4B4503EFFE90A36FC3EFC466607FC5E" box="[1014,1101,926,946]" degrees="26.433" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="17" precision="55" value="-26.433">26.433ºS</geoCoordinate>
: 
<geoCoordinate id="A4B4503EFFE90A36FF58FC6E62ACFC26" box="[144,230,950,970]" degrees="32.900" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="17" precision="55" value="32.9">32.900ºE</geoCoordinate>
), algal portion, 
<quantity id="06789B1CFFE90A36FEA7FC6E63E3FC26" box="[367,425,950,970]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" metricValueMax="9.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="17" unit="m" value="7.0" valueMax="9.0" valueMin="5.0">
<elevation id="4AADD1CAFFE90A36FEA7FC6E63E3FC26" box="[367,425,950,970]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" metricValueMax="9.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="17" unit="m" value="7.0" valueMax="9.0" valueMin="5.0">5–9 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, 
<collectingMethod id="18C14EEEFFE90A36FE78FC6E601AFC26" box="[432,592,950,970]" pageId="4" pageNumber="17">underwater pump</collectingMethod>
, 
<date id="B53E1039FFE90A36FD9FFC6E60F8FC26" box="[599,690,950,970]" pageId="4" pageNumber="17" value="1990-05-03">
<collectingDate id="A57AE9D1FFE90A36FD9FFC6E60F8FC26" box="[599,690,950,970]" pageId="4" pageNumber="17" value="1990-05-03">03.v.1990</collectingDate>
</date>
, dived 
<collectorName id="6C75532FFFE90A36FD38FC6E6105FC26" box="[752,847,950,970]" pageId="4" pageNumber="17">D. Herbert</collectorName>
&amp; 
<collectorName id="6C75532FFFE90A36FCA1FC6E61F5FC26" box="[873,959,950,970]" pageId="4" pageNumber="17">K. Bloem</collectorName>
(
<collectionCode id="A791AE3CFFE90A36FC02FC6E6646FC26" box="[970,1036,950,970]" collectionName="South Africa, Kwa-Zulu Natal, Pietermaritzburg, Natal Museum" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34985" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34985" name="KwaZulu-Natal Museum" pageId="4" pageNumber="17" type="Museum">NMSA</collectionCode>
<specimenCode id="91269E82FFE90A36FBD8FC6E6603FC26" box="[1040,1097,950,970]" collectionCode="NMSA" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34985" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34985" name="KwaZulu-Natal Museum" pageId="4" pageNumber="17" type="Museum">S2851</specimenCode>
/ 
<specimenCode id="91269E82FFE90A36FF58FC166285FC0E" box="[144,207,974,994]" pageId="4" pageNumber="17">T2242</specimenCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
. 
<materialsCitation id="71E83CA4FFE90A36FF16FC16629CFC16" collectingDate="1979-10" collectionCode="NMSA" collectorName="J. P. Marais" country="South Africa" latitude="-31.1" location="Mzamba" longLatPrecision="72" longitude="30.183" pageId="4" pageNumber="17" specimenCode="W1935, T2243" specimenCount="26" stateProvince="Eastern Cape" typeStatus="paratype">
<emphasis id="F3F4EAEBFFE90A36FF16FC166310FC0E" box="[222,346,974,994]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="17">
<collectingRegion id="0344F81BFFE90A36FF16FC166310FC0E" box="[222,346,974,994]" country="South Africa" name="Eastern Cape" pageId="4" pageNumber="17">Eastern Cape</collectingRegion>
</emphasis>
: 
<specimenCount id="D786FD70FFE90A36FEAEFC1663A9FC0E" box="[358,483,974,994]" pageId="4" pageNumber="17" type="generic">26 specimens</specimenCount>
, 
<location id="C45F6022FFE90A36FE24FC166071FC0E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:492987EFFFEC0A37FE34FEEB60BAF96F:C45F6022FFE90A36FE24FC166071FC0E" box="[492,571,974,994]" country="South Africa" latitude="-31.1" longLatPrecision="72" longitude="30.183" name="Mzamba" pageId="4" pageNumber="17" stateProvince="Eastern Cape">Mzamba</location>
(
<geoCoordinate id="A4B4503EFFE90A36FD8FFC1660D7FC0E" box="[583,669,974,994]" degrees="31.100" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="17" precision="55" value="-31.1">31.100ºS</geoCoordinate>
: 
<geoCoordinate id="A4B4503EFFE90A36FD68FC1660BDFC0E" box="[672,759,974,994]" degrees="30.183" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="17" precision="55" value="30.183">30.183ºE</geoCoordinate>
), 
<date id="B53E1039FFE90A36FCCFFC16610DFC0E" box="[775,839,974,994]" pageId="4" pageNumber="17" value="1979-10">
<collectingDate id="A57AE9D1FFE90A36FCCFFC16610DFC0E" box="[775,839,974,994]" pageId="4" pageNumber="17" value="1979-10">x.1979</collectingDate>
</date>
, 
<collectorName id="6C75532FFFE90A36FC99FC1661FEFC0E" box="[849,948,974,994]" pageId="4" pageNumber="17">J.P. Marais</collectorName>
(
<collectionCode id="A791AE3CFFE90A36FC77FC16664BFC0E" box="[959,1025,974,994]" collectionName="South Africa, Kwa-Zulu Natal, Pietermaritzburg, Natal Museum" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34985" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34985" name="KwaZulu-Natal Museum" pageId="4" pageNumber="17" type="Museum">NMSA</collectionCode>
<specimenCode id="91269E82FFE90A36FBCFFC166603FC0E" box="[1031,1097,974,994]" collectionCode="NMSA" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34985" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34985" name="KwaZulu-Natal Museum" pageId="4" pageNumber="17" type="Museum">W1935</specimenCode>
/ 
<specimenCode id="91269E82FFE90A36FF58FC3E6284FC16" box="[144,206,998,1018]" pageId="4" pageNumber="17">T2243</specimenCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C13F36F9FFE90A36FF58FBDE6169FB2E" blockId="4.[144,1105,774,1672]" pageId="4" pageNumber="17">
<materialsCitation id="71E83CA4FFE90A36FF58FBDE60DDFB96" collectingDate="1501-05" collectingDateMax="1994-05" collectingDateMin="1501-05" collectingMethod="hand-dredged sand / underwater pump / dredged / beach-drift" collectionCode="NMSA, NMDP" collectorName="D. Herbert" country="Mozambique" county="Other" elevation="18" latitude="-31.1" location="Ponta do Ouro" longLatPrecision="72" longitude="30.183" municipality="Malongane" pageId="4" pageNumber="17" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Eastern Cape">
Other material examined (all 
<collectionCode id="A791AE3CFFE90A36FE50FBDE6394FBF6" box="[408,478,1030,1050]" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34985" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34985" name="KwaZulu-Natal Museum" pageId="4" pageNumber="17" type="Museum">NMSA</collectionCode>
): 
<collectingCountry id="B9977669FFE90A36FE24FBDE60C6FBF6" box="[492,652,1030,1050]" name="Mozambique" pageId="4" pageNumber="17">MOZAMBIQUE</collectingCountry>
: off 
<collectingMunicipality id="215BAC83FFE90A36FD7AFBDE6150FBF6" box="[690,794,1030,1050]" pageId="4" pageNumber="17">Malongane</collectingMunicipality>
, coral reef 
<emphasis id="F3F4EAEBFFE90A36FCB5FBDE61D8FBF6" box="[893,914,1030,1050]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="17">ca</emphasis>
<quantity id="06789B1CFFE90A36FC50FBDE618DFBF6" box="[920,967,1030,1050]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="17" unit="km" value="5.0">
<locationDeviation id="D08D2FDBFFE90A36FC50FBDE618DFBF6" box="[920,967,1030,1050]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="17" unit="km" value="5.0">5 km</locationDeviation>
</quantity>
, north of 
<location id="C45F6022FFE90A36FBD4FBDE6294FBDE" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:492987EFFFEC0A37FE34FEEB60BAF96F:C45F6022FFE90A36FBD4FBDE6294FBDE" country="Mozambique" county="Other" latitude="-31.1" longLatPrecision="72" longitude="30.183" municipality="Malongane" name="Ponta do Ouro" pageId="4" pageNumber="17" stateProvince="Eastern Cape">Ponta do Ouro</location>
, 
<collectingMethod id="18C14EEEFFE90A36FF20FBC663D2FBDE" box="[232,408,1054,1074]" pageId="4" pageNumber="17">hand-dredged sand</collectingMethod>
, 
<quantity id="06789B1CFFE90A36FE6AFBC663BFFBDE" box="[418,501,1054,1074]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.75" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="4" pageNumber="17" unit="m" value="17.5" valueMax="20.0" valueMin="15.0">
<elevation id="4AADD1CAFFE90A36FE6AFBC663BFFBDE" box="[418,501,1054,1074]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.75" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="4" pageNumber="17" unit="m" value="17.5" valueMax="20.0" valueMin="15.0">15–20 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, 
<date id="B53E1039FFE90A36FE37FBC66074FBDE" box="[511,574,1054,1074]" pageId="4" pageNumber="17" value="1994-05">
<collectingDate id="A57AE9D1FFE90A36FE37FBC66074FBDE" box="[511,574,1054,1074]" pageId="4" pageNumber="17" value="1994-05">v.1994</collectingDate>
</date>
, dived 
<collectorName id="6C75532FFFE90A36FD4AFBC660A9FBDE" box="[642,739,1054,1074]" pageId="4" pageNumber="17">D. Herbert</collectorName>
(
<date id="B53E1039FFE90A36FD39FBC66179FBDE" box="[753,819,1054,1074]" pageId="4" pageNumber="17" value="1501-05">
<collectingDate id="A57AE9D1FFE90A36FD39FBC66179FBDE" box="[753,819,1054,1074]" pageId="4" pageNumber="17" value="1501-05">V1501</collectingDate>
</date>
). 
<collectingCountry id="B9977669FFE90A36FC8CFBC661A6FBDE" box="[836,1004,1054,1074]" name="South Africa" pageId="4" pageNumber="17">SOUTH AFRICA</collectingCountry>
: 
<emphasis id="F3F4EAEBFFE90A36FC3DFBC66288FBA6" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="17">
<location id="C45F6022FFE90A36FC3DFBC66288FBA6" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:492987EFFFEC0A37FE34FEEB60BAF96F:C45F6022FFE90A36FC3DFBC66288FBA6" country="Mozambique" county="Other" latitude="-31.1" longLatPrecision="72" longitude="30.183" municipality="Malongane" name="KwaZuluNatal" pageId="4" pageNumber="17" stateProvince="Eastern Cape">KwaZuluNatal</location>
</emphasis>
: 
<locationDeviation id="D08D2FDBFFE90A36FF06FBEE605EFBA6" box="[206,532,1078,1098]" firstLocation="Bhanga Nek" pageId="4" pageNumber="17" secondLocation="Kosi Bay">between Bhanga Nek and Kosi Bay</locationDeviation>
(
<geoCoordinate id="A4B4503EFFE90A36FDE8FBEE603EFBA6" box="[544,628,1078,1098]" degrees="26.433" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="17" precision="55" value="-26.433">26.433ºS</geoCoordinate>
: 
<geoCoordinate id="A4B4503EFFE90A36FDBFFBEE6085FBA6" box="[631,719,1078,1098]" degrees="32.900" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="17" precision="55" value="32.9">32.900ºE</geoCoordinate>
), reef off marker 13 north, near pinnacles, 
<quantity id="06789B1CFFE90A36FF58FB9662AFFB8E" box="[144,229,1102,1122]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" metricValueMax="1.2" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="17" unit="m" value="11.0" valueMax="12.0" valueMin="10.0">
<elevation id="4AADD1CAFFE90A36FF58FB9662AFFB8E" box="[144,229,1102,1122]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" metricValueMax="1.2" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="17" unit="m" value="11.0" valueMax="12.0" valueMin="10.0">10–12 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, 
<collectingMethod id="18C14EEEFFE90A36FF39FB9663EBFB8E" box="[241,417,1102,1122]" pageId="4" pageNumber="17">hand-dredged sand</collectingMethod>
, 
<date id="B53E1039FFE90A36FE65FB966042FB8E" box="[429,520,1102,1122]" pageId="4" pageNumber="17" value="1990-05-12">
<collectingDate id="A57AE9D1FFE90A36FE65FB966042FB8E" box="[429,520,1102,1122]" pageId="4" pageNumber="17" value="1990-05-12">12.v.1990</collectingDate>
</date>
, dived 
<collectorName id="6C75532FFFE90A36FD86FB9660F8FB8E" box="[590,690,1102,1122]" pageId="4" pageNumber="17">D. Herbert</collectorName>
(S2427); same locality, 
<emphasis id="F3F4EAEBFFE90A36FC51FB9661E4FB8E" box="[921,942,1102,1122]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="17">ca</emphasis>
<quantity id="06789B1CFFE90A36FC7FFB966194FB8E" box="[951,990,1102,1122]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="17" unit="m" value="8.0">
<elevation id="4AADD1CAFFE90A36FC7FFB966194FB8E" box="[951,990,1102,1122]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="17" unit="m" value="8.0">8 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, 
<collectingMethod id="18C14EEEFFE90A36FC22FB96628CFB96" pageId="4" pageNumber="17">underwater pump</collectingMethod>
, 
<date id="B53E1039FFE90A36FF07FBBE6360FB96" box="[207,298,1126,1146]" pageId="4" pageNumber="17" value="1990-05-06">
<collectingDate id="A57AE9D1FFE90A36FF07FBBE6360FB96" box="[207,298,1126,1146]" pageId="4" pageNumber="17" value="1990-05-06">06.v.1990</collectingDate>
</date>
, dived 
<collectorName id="6C75532FFFE90A36FEA4FBBE6386FB96" box="[364,460,1126,1146]" pageId="4" pageNumber="17">D. Herbert</collectorName>
&amp; 
<collectorName id="6C75532FFFE90A36FE22FBBE6008FB96" box="[490,578,1126,1146]" pageId="4" pageNumber="17">K. Bloem</collectorName>
(S2737);
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="71E83CA4FFE90A36FD55FBBE617EFB7E" collectingDate="1501-05" collectingDateMax="1994-05" collectingDateMin="1501-05" collectingMethod="hand-dredged sand / underwater pump / dredged / beach-drift" collectionCode="NMSA, NMDP" collectorName="Stn" country="Mozambique" county="Other" elevation="18" latitude="-31.1" location="Ponta do Ouro" longLatPrecision="72" longitude="30.183" municipality="Malongane" pageId="4" pageNumber="17" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Eastern Cape">
off Lala Nek (
<geoCoordinate id="A4B4503EFFE90A36FCD5FBBE613BFB96" box="[797,881,1126,1146]" degrees="27.227" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="17" precision="55" value="-27.227">27.227ºS</geoCoordinate>
: 
<geoCoordinate id="A4B4503EFFE90A36FCBCFBBE6186FB96" box="[884,972,1126,1146]" degrees="32.822" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="17" precision="55" value="32.822">32.822ºE</geoCoordinate>
), 
<quantity id="06789B1CFFE90A36FC14FBBE6647FB96" box="[988,1037,1126,1146]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" pageId="4" pageNumber="17" unit="m" value="75.0">
<elevation id="4AADD1CAFFE90A36FC14FBBE6647FB96" box="[988,1037,1126,1146]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" pageId="4" pageNumber="17" unit="m" value="75.0">75 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, coarse sand, sandstone, coral, 
<collectingMethod id="18C14EEEFFE90A36FEA2FBA663F9FB7E" box="[362,435,1150,1170]" pageId="4" pageNumber="17">dredged</collectingMethod>
<collectionCode id="A791AE3CFFE90A36FE73FBA663B6FB7E" box="[443,508,1150,1170]" pageId="4" pageNumber="17">NMDP</collectionCode>
, 
<collectorName id="6C75532FFFE90A36FDC0FBA66067FB7E" box="[520,557,1150,1170]" pageId="4" pageNumber="17">Stn.</collectorName>
ZDD4, 
<date id="B53E1039FFE90A36FDB4FBA66097FB7E" box="[636,733,1150,1170]" pageId="4" pageNumber="17" value="1990-06-08">
<collectingDate id="A57AE9D1FFE90A36FDB4FBA66097FB7E" box="[636,733,1150,1170]" pageId="4" pageNumber="17" value="1990-06-08">08.vi.1990</collectingDate>
</date>
(S9014);
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="71E83CA4FFE90A36FCF4FBA66145FB46" collectingDate="1501-05" collectingDateMax="1994-05" collectingDateMin="1501-05" collectingMethod="hand-dredged sand / underwater pump / dredged / beach-drift" collectionCode="NMSA, NMDP" collectorName="D. Herbert" country="Mozambique" county="Other" elevation="18" latitude="-31.1" location="Ponta do Ouro" longLatPrecision="72" longitude="30.183" municipality="Malongane" pageId="4" pageNumber="17" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Eastern Cape">
“B.J.’s Reef”, off Hibberdene (
<geoCoordinate id="A4B4503EFFE90A36FF5EFB4E62A0FB46" box="[150,234,1174,1194]" degrees="30.583" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="17" precision="55" value="-30.583">30.583ºS</geoCoordinate>
: 
<geoCoordinate id="A4B4503EFFE90A36FF25FB4E630CFB46" box="[237,326,1174,1194]" degrees="30.600" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="17" precision="55" value="30.6">30.600ºE</geoCoordinate>
), 
<quantity id="06789B1CFFE90A36FE9DFB4E63E2FB46" box="[341,424,1174,1194]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.2" metricValueMax="2.6" metricValueMin="1.8" pageId="4" pageNumber="17" unit="m" value="22.0" valueMax="26.0" valueMin="18.0">
<elevation id="4AADD1CAFFE90A36FE9DFB4E63E2FB46" box="[341,424,1174,1194]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.2" metricValueMax="2.6" metricValueMin="1.8" pageId="4" pageNumber="17" unit="m" value="22.0" valueMax="26.0" valueMin="18.0">18–26 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, 
<date id="B53E1039FFE90A36FE79FB4E605EFB46" box="[433,532,1174,1194]" pageId="4" pageNumber="17" value="1992-11-15">
<collectingDate id="A57AE9D1FFE90A36FE79FB4E605EFB46" box="[433,532,1174,1194]" pageId="4" pageNumber="17" value="1992-11-15">15.xi.1992</collectingDate>
</date>
, dived 
<collectorName id="6C75532FFFE90A36FD9DFB4E60FFFB46" box="[597,693,1174,1194]" pageId="4" pageNumber="17">D. Herbert</collectorName>
(
<date id="B53E1039FFE90A36FD0AFB4E614EFB46" box="[706,772,1174,1194]" pageId="4" pageNumber="17" value="1833-05">V1833</date>
).
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="71E83CA4FFE90A36FCDBFB4E616AFB2E" collectingDate="1501-05" collectingDateMax="1994-05" collectingDateMin="1501-05" collectingMethod="hand-dredged sand / underwater pump / dredged / beach-drift" collectionCode="NMSA, NMDP" collectorName="R. Kilburn &amp; D. Herbert" country="Mozambique" county="Other" elevation="18" latitude="-31.1" location="Ponta do Ouro" longLatPrecision="72" longitude="30.183" municipality="Malongane" pageId="4" pageNumber="17" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Eastern Cape">
<emphasis id="F3F4EAEBFFE90A36FCDBFB4E61C5FB46" box="[787,911,1174,1194]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="17">
<collectingRegion id="0344F81BFFE90A36FCDBFB4E61C5FB46" box="[787,911,1174,1194]" country="South Africa" name="Eastern Cape" pageId="4" pageNumber="17">Eastern Cape</collectingRegion>
</emphasis>
: 
<location id="C45F6022FFE90A36FC53FB4E61A0FB46" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:492987EFFFEC0A37FE34FEEB60BAF96F:C45F6022FFE90A36FC53FB4E61A0FB46" box="[923,1002,1174,1194]" country="Mozambique" county="Other" latitude="-31.1" longLatPrecision="72" longitude="30.183" municipality="Malongane" name="Mzamba" pageId="4" pageNumber="17" stateProvince="Eastern Cape">Mzamba</location>
(
<geoCoordinate id="A4B4503EFFE90A36FC3EFB4E6607FB46" box="[1014,1101,1174,1194]" degrees="31.100" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="17" precision="55" value="-31.1">31.100ºS</geoCoordinate>
: 
<geoCoordinate id="A4B4503EFFE90A36FF58FB7662ACFB2E" box="[144,230,1198,1218]" degrees="30.183" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="17" precision="55" value="30.183">30.183ºE</geoCoordinate>
), 
<collectingMethod id="18C14EEEFFE90A36FF3EFB766316FB2E" box="[246,348,1198,1218]" pageId="4" pageNumber="17">beach-drift</collectingMethod>
, 
<date id="B53E1039FFE90A36FEACFB7663A8FB2E" box="[356,482,1198,1218]" pageId="4" pageNumber="17" value="1986-05-12" valueMax="1986-05-30" valueMin="1986-05-12">
<collectingDate id="A57AE9D1FFE90A36FEACFB7663A8FB2E" box="[356,482,1198,1218]" pageId="4" pageNumber="17" value="1986-05-12" valueMax="1986-05-30" valueMin="1986-05-12">12–30.v.1986</collectingDate>
</date>
, 
<collectorName id="6C75532FFFE90A36FE23FB766006FB2E" box="[491,588,1198,1218]" pageId="4" pageNumber="17">R. Kilburn</collectorName>
&amp; 
<collectorName id="6C75532FFFE90A36FDA1FB766080FB2E" box="[617,714,1198,1218]" pageId="4" pageNumber="17">D. Herbert</collectorName>
(D2933)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="899A6572FFE90A37FF58FB1760BAF96F" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="18" pageId="4" pageNumber="17" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="C13F36F9FFE90A36FF58FB176346FAA4" blockId="4.[144,1105,774,1672]" pageId="4" pageNumber="17">
Distribution and Biogeography (
<figureCitation id="59BB2A7CFFE90A36FE39FB176008FB04" box="[497,578,1231,1256]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="6.[310,343,787,807]" captionTargetBox="[236,1012,203,766]" captionTargetId="figure-427@6.[229,1019,198,773]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig. 17. Distribution of T. retrolineata sp. n. (9) and T. elongata (•)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7661447" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7661447/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="17">Fig. 17</figureCitation>
): 
<taxonomicName id="06804D7AFFE90A36FD9CFB0860BAFB04" authorityName="Nangammbi &amp; Herbert" authorityYear="2008" box="[596,752,1232,1256]" class="Gastropoda" family="Phasianellidae" genus="Tricolia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trochida" pageId="4" pageNumber="17" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="retrolineata">
<emphasis id="F3F4EAEBFFE90A36FD9CFB0860BAFB04" box="[596,752,1232,1256]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="17">T. retrolineata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a subtropical species endemic to south-east Africa, ranging from just north of the 
<collectingCountry id="B9977669FFE90A36FD05FB376114FAE4" box="[717,862,1263,1288]" name="South Africa" pageId="4" pageNumber="17">South Africa</collectingCountry>
– 
<collectingCountry id="B9977669FFE90A36FCA4FB37664AFAE4" box="[876,1024,1263,1288]" name="Mozambique" pageId="4" pageNumber="17">Mozambique</collectingCountry>
border (Malongane) south to the extreme north-east of 
<collectingRegion id="0344F81BFFE90A36FD78FAD761F9FAC4" box="[688,947,1295,1320]" country="South Africa" name="Eastern Cape" pageId="4" pageNumber="17">Eastern Cape Province</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingCountry id="B9977669FFE90A36FC08FAD7661AFAC4" box="[960,1104,1295,1320]" name="South Africa" pageId="4" pageNumber="17">South Africa</collectingCountry>
(Mzamba).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C13F36F9FFE90A37FF62FA976078FBAF" blockId="4.[144,1105,774,1672]" lastBlockId="5.[181,1142,778,1667]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="18" pageId="4" pageNumber="17">
The southern distribution limit of 
<taxonomicName id="06804D7AFFE90A36FDE6FA886085FA84" authorityName="Nangammbi &amp; Herbert" authorityYear="2008" box="[558,719,1360,1384]" class="Gastropoda" family="Phasianellidae" genus="Tricolia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trochida" pageId="4" pageNumber="17" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="retrolineata">
<emphasis id="F3F4EAEBFFE90A36FDE6FA886085FA84" box="[558,719,1360,1384]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="17">T. retrolineata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
lies approximately 
<quantity id="06789B1CFFE90A36FC79FA97664DFA84" box="[945,1031,1359,1384]" metricMagnitude="5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="17" unit="km" value="300.0">300 km</quantity>
to the north of the known range of 
<taxonomicName id="06804D7AFFE90A36FE0EFAA86008FA64" baseAuthorityName="Krauss" baseAuthorityYear="1848" box="[454,578,1392,1416]" class="Gastropoda" family="Phasianellidae" genus="Tricolia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trochida" pageId="4" pageNumber="17" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="elongata">
<emphasis id="F3F4EAEBFFE90A36FE0EFAA86008FA64" box="[454,578,1392,1416]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="17">T. elongata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. However, a gap of similar extent occurs within the range of 
<taxonomicName id="06804D7AFFE90A36FEECFA48638CFA44" authorityName="Nangammbi &amp; Herbert" authorityYear="2008" box="[292,454,1424,1448]" class="Gastropoda" family="Phasianellidae" genus="Tricolia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trochida" pageId="4" pageNumber="17" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="retrolineata">
<emphasis id="F3F4EAEBFFE90A36FEECFA48638CFA44" box="[292,454,1424,1448]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="17">T. retrolineata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, namely between Leadsman Shoal and Hibberdene. The significance of these gaps differs. The interval within the range of 
<taxonomicName id="06804D7AFFE90A36FCACFA686648FA24" authorityName="Nangammbi &amp; Herbert" authorityYear="2008" box="[868,1026,1456,1480]" class="Gastropoda" family="Phasianellidae" genus="Tricolia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trochida" pageId="4" pageNumber="17" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="retrolineata">
<emphasis id="F3F4EAEBFFE90A36FCACFA686648FA24" box="[868,1026,1456,1480]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="17">T. retrolineata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
occurs in the Natal Bight and is probably caused by lack of suitable habitat in this area. A number of large, sediment-laden rivers enter the sea here (Umfolosi, Thukela, Umgeni, Umkomaas) and rocky subtidal habitats are scarce in this region, re-appearing again in number only off the 
<collectingRegion id="0344F81BFFE90A36FE4AF9F76078F9A4" box="[386,562,1583,1608]" country="South Africa" name="KwaZulu-Natal" pageId="4" pageNumber="17">KwaZulu-Natal</collectingRegion>
south coast, to the south of Scottburgh. Many subtropical reef species and tropical stragglers exhibit a similar hiatus in distribution records in this region and the shore at Mzamba is well known as a site where shells of unusual tropical taxa regularly wash ashore, e.g. 
<taxonomicName id="06804D7AFFE80A37FD0EFCD26652FCCF" authority="(Linnaeus, 1758)" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[710,1048,778,803]" class="Gastropoda" family="Tonnidae" genus="Tonna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="5" pageNumber="18" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="perdix">
<emphasis id="F3F4EAEBFFE80A37FD0EFCD2611CFCCE" box="[710,854,778,802]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="18">Tonna perdix</emphasis>
(Linnaeus, 1758)
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="06804D7AFFE80A37FBEAFCD263A0FCAF" authority="Jousseaume, 1894" authorityName="Jousseaume" authorityYear="1894" class="Gastropoda" family="Trochidae" genus="Agagus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trochida" pageId="5" pageNumber="18" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="agagus">
<emphasis id="F3F4EAEBFFE80A37FBEAFCD2634DFCAE" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="18">Agagus agagus</emphasis>
Jousseaume, 1894
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="06804D7AFFE80A37FE31FCF261E1FCAF" authority="Linnaeus, 1758" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[505,939,810,835]" class="Gastropoda" family="Strombidae" genus="Strombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="5" pageNumber="18" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="gibberulus">
<emphasis id="F3F4EAEBFFE80A37FE31FCF260A3FCAE" box="[505,745,810,834]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="18">Strombus gibberulus</emphasis>
Linnaeus, 1758
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="06804D7AFFE80A37FC73FCF2632AFC8F" authority="Sowerby, 1833" authorityName="Sowerby" authorityYear="1833" class="Gastropoda" family="Conidae" genus="Conus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="5" pageNumber="18" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="obscurus">
<emphasis id="F3F4EAEBFFE80A37FC73FCF2663FFCAE" box="[955,1141,810,834]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="18">Conus obscurus</emphasis>
Sowerby, 1833
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="06804D7AFFE80A37FEA3FC92609EFC8F" authority="(Linnaeus, 1758)" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[363,724,842,867]" class="Gastropoda" family="Cypraeidae" genus="Talparia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="5" pageNumber="18" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="talpa">
<emphasis id="F3F4EAEBFFE80A37FEA3FC926046FC8E" box="[363,524,842,866]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="18">Talparia talpa</emphasis>
(Linnaeus, 1758)
</taxonomicName>
, and 
<taxonomicName id="06804D7AFFE80A37FCC7FC926638FC8F" authority="(Gmelin, 1791)" baseAuthorityName="Gmelin" baseAuthorityYear="1791" box="[783,1138,842,867]" class="Gastropoda" family="Fasciolariidae" genus="Latirus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="5" pageNumber="18" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="turritus">
<emphasis id="F3F4EAEBFFE80A37FCC7FC9261F1FC8E" box="[783,955,842,866]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="18">Latirus turritus</emphasis>
(Gmelin, 1791)
</taxonomicName>
. It is thus quite possible that shells of a species such as 
<taxonomicName id="06804D7AFFE80A37FCDFFCB261FDFC6E" authorityName="Nangammbi &amp; Herbert" authorityYear="2008" box="[791,951,874,898]" class="Gastropoda" family="Phasianellidae" genus="Tricolia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trochida" pageId="5" pageNumber="18" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="retrolineata">
<emphasis id="F3F4EAEBFFE80A37FCDFFCB261FDFC6E" box="[791,951,874,898]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="18">T. retrolineata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, which is known from reefs off the 
<collectingRegion id="0344F81BFFE80A37FE49FC52607BFC4F" box="[385,561,906,931]" country="South Africa" name="KwaZulu-Natal" pageId="5" pageNumber="18">KwaZulu-Natal</collectingRegion>
south coast (as recorded at Hibberdene), could also wash ashore at Mzamba. The gap in its distribution in the Natal Bight is thus typical rather than exceptional for such warm-water taxa. Furthermore, the Natal Bight is also known to be impacted by the upwelling of cold, nutrient-rich water (
<bibRefCitation id="A5114B08FFE80A37FC69FC326623FBEF" author="MEYER, A. A. &amp; LUTJEHARMS, J. R. E. &amp; DE VILLIERS, S." box="[929,1129,1002,1027]" pageId="5" pageNumber="18" pagination="11 - 37" refId="ref3312" refString="MEYER, A. A., LUTJEHARMS, J. R. E. &amp; DE VILLIERS, S. 2002. The nutrient characteristics of the Natal Bight, South Africa. Journal of Marine Systems 35: 11 - 37." type="journal article" year="2002">
Meyer 
<emphasis id="F3F4EAEBFFE80A37FC39FC32666BFBEE" box="[1009,1057,1002,1026]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="18">et al</emphasis>
. 2002
</bibRefCitation>
), which may well be of significance to tropical/subtropical species accustomed to warmer water with lower nutrient content.
</paragraph>
<caption id="95FF6671FFE80A37FF7EFD706395FD00" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7661445" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7661445" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7661445/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="18" startId="5.[182,215,680,700]" targetBox="[316,999,203,642]" targetPageId="5">
<paragraph id="C13F36F9FFE80A37FF7EFD706395FD00" blockId="5.[182,1142,680,748]" pageId="5" pageNumber="18">
Fig. 16. Scanning electron micrographs of the external surface of operculum of 
<taxonomicName id="06804D7AFFE80A37FC4BFD706671FD50" authority="Nangammbi &amp; Herbert, 2008" authorityName="Nangammbi &amp; Herbert" authorityYear="2008" box="[899,1083,680,700]" class="Gastropoda" family="Phasianellidae" genus="Tricolia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trochida" pageId="5" pageNumber="18" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="retrolineata" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="F3F4EAEBFFE80A37FC4BFD706671FD50" box="[899,1083,680,700]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="18">Tricolia retrolineata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="E8C75790FFE80A37FB88FD706638FD50" box="[1088,1138,680,700]" pageId="5" pageNumber="18" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, showing distinct peripheral groove underlying labral margin, paratype, maximum diameter 2.9 mm, NMSA E2476/T2241.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="C13F36F9FFE80A37FF18FB9260BAF96F" blockId="5.[181,1142,778,1667]" pageId="5" pageNumber="18">
The similar sized gap between the southern population of 
<taxonomicName id="06804D7AFFE80A37FCBCFB92665DFB8E" authorityName="Nangammbi &amp; Herbert" authorityYear="2008" box="[884,1047,1098,1122]" class="Gastropoda" family="Phasianellidae" genus="Tricolia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trochida" pageId="5" pageNumber="18" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="retrolineata">
<emphasis id="F3F4EAEBFFE80A37FCBCFB92665DFB8E" box="[884,1047,1098,1122]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="18">T. retrolineata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and the northern limit of 
<taxonomicName id="06804D7AFFE80A37FEB8FBB263A1FB6E" baseAuthorityName="Krauss" baseAuthorityYear="1848" box="[368,491,1130,1154]" class="Gastropoda" family="Phasianellidae" genus="Tricolia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trochida" pageId="5" pageNumber="18" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="elongata">
<emphasis id="F3F4EAEBFFE80A37FEB8FBB263A1FB6E" box="[368,491,1130,1154]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="18">T. elongata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is of a very different nature. The southern African coastline is divided into three marine biogeographical provinces namely a subtropical east coast province, a warm-temperate south coast province and a cold-temperate west coast province (
<bibRefCitation id="A5114B08FFE80A37FEC8FB12602CFB0F" author="STEPHENSON, T. A. &amp; STEPHENSON, A." box="[256,614,1226,1251]" pageId="5" pageNumber="18" refId="ref3433" refString="STEPHENSON, T. A. &amp; STEPHENSON, A. 1972. Life between Tidemarks on Rocky Shores. San Francisco: W. H. Freeman." type="book" year="1972">Stephenson &amp; Stephenson 1972</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="A5114B08FFE80A37FDB9FB12613BFB0F" author="BROWN, A. C. &amp; JARMAN, N. G." box="[625,881,1226,1251]" pageId="5" pageNumber="18" pagination="1241 - 1277" refId="ref3036" refString="BROWN, A. C. &amp; JARMAN, N. G. 1978. Coastal marine habitats. In: Werger, M. J. A., ed., Biogeography and Ecology of southern Africa. The Hague: W. Junk, pp. 1241 - 1277." type="book chapter" year="1978">Brown &amp; Jarman 1978</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="A5114B08FFE80A37FCB4FB12663BFB0F" author="DAY, J. H. &amp; GRINDLEY, J. R." box="[892,1137,1226,1251]" pageId="5" pageNumber="18" pagination="345 - 372" refId="ref3122" refString="DAY, J. H. &amp; GRINDLEY, J. R. 1981. The estuarine ecosystem and environmental constraints. In: Day, J. H., ed., Estuarine ecology with particular reference to southern Africa. Cape Town: A. A. Balkema, pp. 345 - 372." type="book chapter" year="1981">Day &amp; Grindley 1981</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="A5114B08FFE80A37FF7DFB3263E6FAEF" author="EMANUEL, B. P. &amp; BUSTAMANTE, R. H. &amp; BRANCH, G. M. &amp; EEKHOUT, S. &amp; ODENDAAL, F. J." box="[181,428,1258,1283]" pageId="5" pageNumber="18" pagination="341 - 354" refId="ref3180" refString="EMANUEL, B. P., BUSTAMANTE, R. H., BRANCH, G. M., EEKHOUT, S. &amp; ODENDAAL, F. J. 1992. A zoogeographic and functional approach to the selection of marine reserves on the west coast of South Africa. South African Journal of Marine Science 12: 341 - 354." type="journal article" year="1992">
Emanuel 
<emphasis id="F3F4EAEBFFE80A37FEEEFB326316FAEE" box="[294,348,1258,1282]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="18">et al</emphasis>
. 1992
</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="A5114B08FFE80A37FE73FB3260C1FAEF" author="BUSTAMANTE, R. H." box="[443,651,1258,1283]" pageId="5" pageNumber="18" refId="ref3089" refString="BUSTAMANTE, R. H. 1994. Patterns and causes of intertidal community structure around the coast of southern Africa. PhD thesis. Cape Town: University of Cape Town." type="book" year="1994">Bustamante 1994</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="A5114B08FFE80A37FD51FB32613FFAEF" author="TURPIE, J. K. &amp; BECKLEY, L. E. &amp; KATUA, S. M." box="[665,885,1258,1283]" pageId="5" pageNumber="18" pagination="59 - 72" refId="ref3462" refString="TURPIE, J. K., BECKLEY, L. E. &amp; KATUA, S. M. 2000. Biogeography and the selection of priority areas for conservation of South African coastal fishes. Biological Conservation 92: 59 - 72." type="journal article" year="2000">
Turpie 
<emphasis id="F3F4EAEBFFE80A37FD38FB326167FAEE" box="[752,813,1258,1282]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="18">et al.</emphasis>
2000
</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="A5114B08FFE80A37FC4DFB326678FAEF" author="HARRISON, T. D." box="[901,1074,1258,1283]" pageId="5" pageNumber="18" refId="ref3245" refString="HARRISON, T. D. 2003. Biogeography and community structure of fishes in South African estuaries. PhD thesis. Grahamstown: Rhodes University." type="book" year="2003">Harrison 2003</bibRefCitation>
). The boundaries between these provinces are defined by changes in species composition and water temperatures. The precise position of the interchange between the subtropical and the warm-temperate provinces on the east coast of 
<collectingCountry id="B9977669FFE80A37FCE6FA9261F4FA8F" box="[814,958,1354,1379]" name="South Africa" pageId="5" pageNumber="18">South Africa</collectingCountry>
appears to vary with the taxon under consideration and has been cited as Port St Johns (
<bibRefCitation id="A5114B08FFE80A37FC1EFAB26332FA4F" author="STEPHENSON, T. A. &amp; STEPHENSON, A." pageId="5" pageNumber="18" refId="ref3433" refString="STEPHENSON, T. A. &amp; STEPHENSON, A. 1972. Life between Tidemarks on Rocky Shores. San Francisco: W. H. Freeman." type="book" year="1972">Stephenson &amp; Stephenson 1972</bibRefCitation>
), Port Edward (
<bibRefCitation id="A5114B08FFE80A37FDECFA52616FFA4F" author="BROWN, A. C. &amp; JARMAN, N. G." box="[548,805,1418,1443]" pageId="5" pageNumber="18" pagination="1241 - 1277" refId="ref3036" refString="BROWN, A. C. &amp; JARMAN, N. G. 1978. Coastal marine habitats. In: Werger, M. J. A., ed., Biogeography and Ecology of southern Africa. The Hague: W. Junk, pp. 1241 - 1277." type="book chapter" year="1978">Brown &amp; Jarman 1978</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="A5114B08FFE80A37FCE7FA5261BDFA4F" author="TURPIE, J. K. &amp; BECKLEY, L. E. &amp; KATUA, S. M." box="[815,1015,1418,1443]" pageId="5" pageNumber="18" pagination="59 - 72" refId="ref3462" refString="TURPIE, J. K., BECKLEY, L. E. &amp; KATUA, S. M. 2000. Biogeography and the selection of priority areas for conservation of South African coastal fishes. Biological Conservation 92: 59 - 72." type="journal article" year="2000">
Turpie 
<emphasis id="F3F4EAEBFFE80A37FCB6FA5261FFFA4E" box="[894,949,1418,1442]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="18">et al.</emphasis>
2000
</bibRefCitation>
), Great Kei River (
<bibRefCitation id="A5114B08FFE80A37FEC8FA7263BEFA2F" author="DAY, J. H. &amp; GRINDLEY, J. R." box="[256,500,1450,1475]" pageId="5" pageNumber="18" pagination="345 - 372" refId="ref3122" refString="DAY, J. H. &amp; GRINDLEY, J. R. 1981. The estuarine ecosystem and environmental constraints. In: Day, J. H., ed., Estuarine ecology with particular reference to southern Africa. Cape Town: A. A. Balkema, pp. 345 - 372." type="book chapter" year="1981">Day &amp; Grindley 1981</bibRefCitation>
), East London (
<bibRefCitation id="A5114B08FFE80A37FD57FA7261CBFA2F" author="EMANUEL, B. P. &amp; BUSTAMANTE, R. H. &amp; BRANCH, G. M. &amp; EEKHOUT, S. &amp; ODENDAAL, F. J." box="[671,897,1450,1475]" pageId="5" pageNumber="18" pagination="341 - 354" refId="ref3180" refString="EMANUEL, B. P., BUSTAMANTE, R. H., BRANCH, G. M., EEKHOUT, S. &amp; ODENDAAL, F. J. 1992. A zoogeographic and functional approach to the selection of marine reserves on the west coast of South Africa. South African Journal of Marine Science 12: 341 - 354." type="journal article" year="1992">
Emanuel 
<emphasis id="F3F4EAEBFFE80A37FCC1FA726173FA2E" box="[777,825,1450,1474]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="18">et al</emphasis>
. 1992
</bibRefCitation>
), and Mdumbi estuary (
<bibRefCitation id="A5114B08FFE80A37FF75FA126320FA0F" author="HARRISON, T. D." box="[189,362,1482,1507]" pageId="5" pageNumber="18" refId="ref3245" refString="HARRISON, T. D. 2003. Biogeography and community structure of fishes in South African estuaries. PhD thesis. Grahamstown: Rhodes University." type="book" year="2003">Harrison 2003</bibRefCitation>
). For the pheasant shells (
<taxonomicName id="06804D7AFFE80A37FD6BFA126101FA0F" authorityName="Swainson" authorityYear="1840" box="[675,843,1482,1507]" class="Gastropoda" family="Phasianellidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trochida" pageId="5" pageNumber="18" phylum="Mollusca" rank="family">Phasianellidae</taxonomicName>
) of southern African this boundary lies between the Mbashe River and East London (Nangammbi unpubl. data). Thus the region separating the distributions of 
<taxonomicName id="06804D7AFFE80A37FD06F9D26125F9CE" authorityName="Nangammbi &amp; Herbert" authorityYear="2008" box="[718,879,1546,1570]" class="Gastropoda" family="Phasianellidae" genus="Tricolia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trochida" pageId="5" pageNumber="18" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="retrolineata">
<emphasis id="F3F4EAEBFFE80A37FD06F9D26125F9CE" box="[718,879,1546,1570]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="18">T. retrolineata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="06804D7AFFE80A37FC61F9D26663F9CE" baseAuthorityName="Krauss" baseAuthorityYear="1848" box="[937,1065,1546,1570]" class="Gastropoda" family="Phasianellidae" genus="Tricolia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trochida" pageId="5" pageNumber="18" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="elongata">
<emphasis id="F3F4EAEBFFE80A37FC61F9D26663F9CE" box="[937,1065,1546,1570]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="18">T. elongata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has in many cases been identified as a region of major faunal turnover and biogeographic significance. In this context, 
<taxonomicName id="06804D7AFFE80A37FE3EF99260DFF98E" authorityName="Nangammbi &amp; Herbert" authorityYear="2008" box="[502,661,1610,1634]" class="Gastropoda" family="Phasianellidae" genus="Tricolia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trochida" pageId="5" pageNumber="18" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="retrolineata">
<emphasis id="F3F4EAEBFFE80A37FE3EF99260DFF98E" box="[502,661,1610,1634]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="18">T. retrolineata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a subtropical east coast species, whereas 
<taxonomicName id="06804D7AFFE80A37FF7DF9B26379F96E" baseAuthorityName="Krauss" baseAuthorityYear="1848" box="[181,307,1642,1666]" class="Gastropoda" family="Phasianellidae" genus="Tricolia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trochida" pageId="5" pageNumber="18" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="elongata">
<emphasis id="F3F4EAEBFFE80A37FF7DF9B26379F96E" box="[181,307,1642,1666]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="18">T. elongata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a warm-temperate south coast taxon.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>