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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.31.4072" ID-GBIF-Taxon="182249043" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2607-31-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="4869FFA3084EFFC9FFC2FFB1FFD64E2A" ID-Zenodo-Dep="574813" ID-ZooBank="DFD1344DFCA642CDBD684FDF2E73F9AC" ModsDocID="1314-2607-31-1" checkinTime="1621552881876" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Noort, Simon van &amp; Buffington, Matthew L." docDate="2013" docId="3C9BC87114D11472FBE58DA46F4714E3" docLanguage="en" docOrigin="Journal of Hymenoptera Research 31" docPubDate="2013-03-13" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.31.4072" docTitle="Paramblynotus Cameron 1908" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" id="4869FFA3084EFFC9FFC2FFB1FFD64E2A" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="6" masterDocId="4869FFA3084EFFC9FFC2FFB1FFD64E2A" masterDocTitle="Revision of the Afrotropical Mayrellinae (Cynipoidea, Liopteridae), with the first record of Paramblynotus from Madagascar" masterLastPageNumber="64" masterPageNumber="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" updateTime="1643535562662" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Revision of the Afrotropical Mayrellinae (Cynipoidea, Liopteridae), with the first record of Paramblynotus from Madagascar</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Noort, Simon van</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Natural History Department, Iziko South African Museum, PO Box 61, Cape Town, 8000, South Africa &amp; Department of Zoology, University of Cape Town, Private Bag, Rondebosch, 7701</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">svannoort@iziko.org.za</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Buffington, Matthew L.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Systematic Entomology Lab, USDA, c / o Smithsonian NMNH, 10 th &amp; Constitution Ave NW, Washington DC 20013</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Journal of Hymenoptera Research</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2013</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
<mods:number>2013-03-13</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>31</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>1</mods:start>
<mods:end>64</mods:end>
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<mods:location>
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.31.4072</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.31.4072</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2607-31-1</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">DFD1344DFCA642CDBD684FDF2E73F9AC</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">4869FFA3084EFFC9FFC2FFB1FFD64E2A</mods:identifier>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="182249043" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:3C9BC87114D11472FBE58DA46F4714E3" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/3C9BC87114D11472FBE58DA46F4714E3" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<taxonomicName LSID="http://species-id.net/wiki/Paramblynotus" authority="Cameron" authorityName="Cameron" authorityYear="1908" class="Hexapoda" family="Liopteridae" genus="Paramblynotus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paramblynotus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<pageBreakToken pageId="3" pageNumber="4" start="start">Paramblynotus</pageBreakToken>
Cameron
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="reference_group">
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Cameron" authorityYear="1908" class="Hexapoda" family="Liopteridae" genus="Paramblynotus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Paramblynotus</taxonomicName>
Cameron, 1908: 299. Type species
<taxonomicName class="Hexapoda" family="Liopteridae" genus="Paramblynotus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="puntulatus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Paramblynotus puntulatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Cameron by subsequent designation (
<bibRefCitation author="Rohwer, SA" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the United States National Museum" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" pagination="357 - 380" publicationUrl="10.5479/si.00963801.2208.357" refId="B29" refString="Rohwer, SA, Fagan, MM, 1917. The type-species of the genera of the Cynipoidea, or the gall wasps and the parasitic cynipoids. Proceedings of the United States National Museum 53: 357 - 380, 10.5479/si.00963801.2208.357" title="The type-species of the genera of the Cynipoidea, or the gall wasps and the parasitic cynipoids." url="10.5479/si.00963801.2208.357" volume="53" year="1917">Rohwer and Fagan 1917</bibRefCitation>
: 372).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kieffer" authorityYear="1910" genus="Paraegilips" lsidName="" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" rank="genus">Paraegilips</taxonomicName>
Kieffer, 1910b: 335. Type species
<taxonomicName genus="Paraegilips" lsidName="" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" rank="species" species="reticulata">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Paraegilips reticulata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Kieffer by monotypy. Synonymized with
<taxonomicName genus="Paramblynolus" lsidName="" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Paramblynolus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by Hedicke (in
<bibRefCitation author="Hedicke, H" journalOrPublisher="Deutsche entomologische Zeitschrift" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" refId="B17" refString="Hedicke, H, Kerrich, GJ, 1940. A revision of the family Liopteridae (Hymenopt., Cynipoidea). Transactions of the Royal Entomological Society, London 90: 177-225, 3 Pls." title="A revision of the family Liopteridae (Hymenopt., Cynipoidea). Transactions of the Royal Entomological Society, London 90: 177 - 225, 3 Pls." year="1940">Hedicke and Kerrich 1940</bibRefCitation>
: 179); resurrected as a valid genus by
<bibRefCitation author="Weld, LH" journalOrPublisher="Privately Printed, Ann Arbor, Michigan" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" refId="B39" refString="Weld, LH, 1952. Cynipoidea (Hym.) 1905-1950. Privately Printed, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 350 pp." title="Cynipoidea (Hym.) 1905 - 1950." year="1952">Weld (1952</bibRefCitation>
: 164). Synonymy re-established by
<bibRefCitation author="Ronquist, F" journalOrPublisher="Entomologica Scandinavica Supplement" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" pagination="1 - 74" refId="B30" refString="Ronquist, F, 1995. Phylogeny and classification of the Liopteridae, an archaic group of cynipoid wasps (Hymenoptera). Entomologica Scandinavica Supplement 46: 1 - 74" title="Phylogeny and classification of the Liopteridae, an archaic group of cynipoid wasps (Hymenoptera)." volume="46" year="1995">Ronquist (1995</bibRefCitation>
: 34).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kieffer" authorityYear="1914" genus="Allocynips" lsidName="" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" rank="genus">Allocynips</taxonomicName>
Kieffer, 1914: 185. Type species
<taxonomicName genus="Allocynips" lsidName="" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" rank="species" species="ruficeps">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Allocynips ruficeps</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Kieffer [=
<taxonomicName class="Hexapoda" family="Liopteridae" genus="Paramblynotus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ruficollis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Paramblynotus ruficollis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Cameron] by original designation and monotypy. Synonymized with
<taxonomicName authorityName="Cameron" authorityYear="1908" class="Hexapoda" family="Liopteridae" genus="Paramblynotus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Paramblynotus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by
<bibRefCitation author="Weld, LH" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" pagination="137 - 144" refId="B38" refString="Weld, LH, 1930. Notes on types (Hymenoptera, Cynipidae). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 32 (8): 137 - 144" title="Notes on types (Hymenoptera, Cynipidae)." volume="32" year="1930">Weld (1930</bibRefCitation>
: 137).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<taxonomicName class="Hexapoda" family="Cynipidae" genus="Holocynips" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Holocynips</taxonomicName>
Kieffer, 1916: 284. Type species
<taxonomicName class="Hexapoda" family="Cynipidae" genus="Holocynips" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigra">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Holocynips nigra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Kieffer by original designation and monotypy. Synonymized with
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kieffer" authorityYear="1910" genus="Paraegilips" lsidName="" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Paraegilips</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by
<bibRefCitation author="Weld, LH" journalOrPublisher="Privately Printed, Ann Arbor, Michigan" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" refId="B39" refString="Weld, LH, 1952. Cynipoidea (Hym.) 1905-1950. Privately Printed, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 350 pp." title="Cynipoidea (Hym.) 1905 - 1950." year="1952">Weld (1952</bibRefCitation>
: 164). Preoccupied by
<taxonomicName class="Hexapoda" family="Cynipidae" genus="Holocynips" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Holocynips</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Kieffer, 1910a: 114. Synonymy by
<bibRefCitation author="Ronquist, F" journalOrPublisher="Entomologica Scandinavica Supplement" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" pagination="1 - 74" refId="B30" refString="Ronquist, F, 1995. Phylogeny and classification of the Liopteridae, an archaic group of cynipoid wasps (Hymenoptera). Entomologica Scandinavica Supplement 46: 1 - 74" title="Phylogeny and classification of the Liopteridae, an archaic group of cynipoid wasps (Hymenoptera)." volume="46" year="1995">Ronquist (1995</bibRefCitation>
: 34).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Rohwer &amp; Fagan" authorityYear="1917" genus="Diholocynips" lsidName="" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" rank="genus">Diholocynips</taxonomicName>
Rohwer &amp; Fagan, 1917: 365. Replacement name for
<taxonomicName class="Hexapoda" family="Cynipidae" genus="Holocynips" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Holocynips</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Kieffer. 1916
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">nec</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="Kieffer, JJ" journalOrPublisher="Sciola superiore d'Agricola di Portici" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" pagination="105 - 3117" refId="B19" refString="Kieffer, JJ, 1910a. Description de nouveaux Hymenopteres. Bolletino del Laboratorio di Zoologia Generale e Agraria della R. Sciola superiore d'Agricola di Portici 4: 105 - 3117" title="Description de nouveaux Hymenopteres. Bolletino del Laboratorio di Zoologia Generale e Agraria della R." volume="4" year="1910 a">Kieffer 1910a</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Hedicke" authorityYear="1922" genus="Mayrella" lsidName="" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" rank="genus">Mayrella</taxonomicName>
Hedicke, 1922: 190. Type species
<taxonomicName genus="Mayrella" lsidName="" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" rank="species" species="formosana">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Mayrella formosana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Hedicke by monotypy. Synonymized with
<taxonomicName authorityName="Cameron" authorityYear="1908" class="Hexapoda" family="Liopteridae" genus="Paramblynotus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Paramblynotus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by
<bibRefCitation author="Weld, LH" journalOrPublisher="Privately Printed, Ann Arbor, Michigan" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" refId="B39" refString="Weld, LH, 1952. Cynipoidea (Hym.) 1905-1950. Privately Printed, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 350 pp." title="Cynipoidea (Hym.) 1905 - 1950." year="1952">Weld (1952</bibRefCitation>
: 158).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Weld" authorityYear="1922" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Paribalia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Paribalia</taxonomicName>
Weld, 1922: 325. Type species
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Paribalia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="borneana">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Paribalia borneana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Weld by monotypy. Synonymy by
<bibRefCitation author="Ronquist, F" journalOrPublisher="Entomologica Scandinavica Supplement" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" pagination="1 - 74" refId="B30" refString="Ronquist, F, 1995. Phylogeny and classification of the Liopteridae, an archaic group of cynipoid wasps (Hymenoptera). Entomologica Scandinavica Supplement 46: 1 - 74" title="Phylogeny and classification of the Liopteridae, an archaic group of cynipoid wasps (Hymenoptera)." volume="46" year="1995">Ronquist (1995</bibRefCitation>
: 34).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Belizin" authorityYear="1951" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Stylobrachys" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Stylobrachys</taxonomicName>
Belizin, 1951: 572. Type species
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Stylobrachys" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="scaber">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Stylobrachys scaber</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Belizin by original designation and monotypy. Synonymized with
<taxonomicName authorityName="Cameron" authorityYear="1908" class="Hexapoda" family="Liopteridae" genus="Paramblynotus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Paramblynotus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by
<bibRefCitation author="Kovalev, OV" journalOrPublisher="Entomologicheskoe obozienie" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" pagination="385 - 426" refId="B23" refString="Kovalev, OV, 1994. [Paleontological history, phylogeny and the system of Brachycleistogastromorphs and Cynipomorphs...]. Entomologicheskoe obozienie 73: 385 - 426" title="[Paleontological history, phylogeny and the system of Brachycleistogastromorphs and Cynipomorphs ...]." volume="73" year="1994">Kovalev (1994</bibRefCitation>
: 414).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Barbotin" authorityYear="1954" genus="Baviana" lsidName="" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" rank="genus">Baviana</taxonomicName>
Barbolin, 1954: 125. Type species
<taxonomicName genus="Baviana" lsidName="" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" rank="species" species="ferruginea">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Baviana ferruginea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Barbolin by original designation and monotypy. Synonymized with
<taxonomicName authorityName="Cameron" authorityYear="1908" class="Hexapoda" family="Liopteridae" genus="Paramblynotus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Paramblynotus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by
<bibRefCitation author="Weld, LH" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" pagination="279 - 280" refId="B41" refString="Weld, LH, 1962. [1961] New synonymy in Cynipoidea (Hymenoptera). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 63: 279 - 280" title="[1961] New synonymy in Cynipoidea (Hymenoptera)." volume="63" year="1962">Weld (1962</bibRefCitation>
: 279).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Benoit" authorityYear="1956" genus="Decellea" lsidName="" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" rank="genus">Decellea</taxonomicName>
Benoit, 1956: 52. Synonymised with
<taxonomicName authorityName="Cameron" authorityYear="1908" class="Hexapoda" family="Liopteridae" genus="Paramblynotus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Paramblynotus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by
<bibRefCitation author="Weld, LH" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" pagination="279 - 280" refId="B41" refString="Weld, LH, 1962. [1961] New synonymy in Cynipoidea (Hymenoptera). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 63: 279 - 280" title="[1961] New synonymy in Cynipoidea (Hymenoptera)." volume="63" year="1962">Weld (1962</bibRefCitation>
; 279); status re-established by
<bibRefCitation author="Ronquist, F" journalOrPublisher="Entomologica Scandinavica Supplement" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" pagination="1 - 74" refId="B30" refString="Ronquist, F, 1995. Phylogeny and classification of the Liopteridae, an archaic group of cynipoid wasps (Hymenoptera). Entomologica Scandinavica Supplement 46: 1 - 74" title="Phylogeny and classification of the Liopteridae, an archaic group of cynipoid wasps (Hymenoptera)." volume="46" year="1995">Ronquist (1995</bibRefCitation>
: 34); synonymy by
<bibRefCitation author="Liu, Z" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" pagination="1 - 151" publicationUrl="10.1206/0003-0090(2007)304[1:TCGPRP]2.0.CO;2" refId="B24" refString="Liu, Z, Ronquist, F, Nordlander, G, 2007. The cynipoid genus Paramblynotus: revision, phylogeny, and historical biogeography (Hymenoptera, Liopteridae). Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 304: 1 - 151, 10.1206/0003-0090(2007)304[1:TCGPRP]2.0.CO;2" title="The cynipoid genus Paramblynotus: revision, phylogeny, and historical biogeography (Hymenoptera, Liopteridae)." url="10.1206/0003-0090(2007)304[1:TCGPRP]2.0.CO;2" volume="304" year="2007">Liu et al. (2007</bibRefCitation>
: 30).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
Medium-sized to very small cynipoids. Very small species look superficially like cynipids, but careful attention to the relative size of the metasomal terga will help separate
<taxonomicName authorityName="Cameron" authorityYear="1908" class="Hexapoda" family="Liopteridae" genus="Paramblynotus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Paramblynotus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from cynipids. Some superficially resemble figitids, especially
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kovalev" authorityYear="1994" lsidName="" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Thrasorinae">Thrasorinae</taxonomicName>
(not found in Africa), but can be separated from the latter by having a deeply foveate pronotum and mesoscutum, as well as by the diagnostic liopterid metasomal tergal arrangement with an enlarged sixth abdominal tergum (
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Paramblynotus yangambicolus, holotype female. A lateral habitus B dorsal habitus C head and mesosoma, lateral view D head and mesosoma, dorsal view E mesosoma, lateral view F mesosoma, dorsal view." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/11707" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Figs 8A</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="F13" captionText="Figure 13. Paramblynotus alexandriensis sp. n., holotype female. A lateral habitus B dorsal habitus C head and mesosoma, lateral view D head and mesosoma, dorsal view E head, anterior view F metasoma, lateral view." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/11712" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">13A</figureCitation>
). Within Afrotropical
<taxonomicName class="Hexapoda" family="Liopteridae" genus="Liopteridae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Liopteridae</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName authorityName="Cameron" authorityYear="1908" class="Hexapoda" family="Liopteridae" genus="Paramblynotus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Paramblynotus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be distinguished by lacking any scutellar armament, by the lack of any sort of lobe at the base of the tarsal claws, and by the presence of an axillula (= auricula) on the side of the scutellum (
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 28" captionStartId="F28" captionText="Figure 28. Paramblynotus trisetosus, holotype female. A lateral habitus B dorsal habitus C head and mesosoma, lateral view D head and mesosoma, dorsal view E propodeum and metasoma, lateral view F propodeum and metasoma, dorsal view." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/11727" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Fig. 28C</figureCitation>
). Two apomorphic characters were proposed by
<bibRefCitation author="Ronquist, F" journalOrPublisher="Entomologica Scandinavica Supplement" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" pagination="1 - 74" refId="B30" refString="Ronquist, F, 1995. Phylogeny and classification of the Liopteridae, an archaic group of cynipoid wasps (Hymenoptera). Entomologica Scandinavica Supplement 46: 1 - 74" title="Phylogeny and classification of the Liopteridae, an archaic group of cynipoid wasps (Hymenoptera)." volume="46" year="1995">Ronquist (1995)</bibRefCitation>
to circumscribe the genus: a well-defined and evenly curved ventral margin to the mesopleural triangle, and the female abdominal tergum six expanded to form the largest tergite in dorsal view. The
<taxonomicName authorityName="Noort &amp; Buffington" authorityYear="2013" class="Hexapoda" family="Liopteridae" genus="Paramblynotus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="yangambicolus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Paramblynotus yangambicolus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species-group has a less well-defined mesopleural triangle ventral margin, which is regarded by
<bibRefCitation author="Liu, Z" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" pagination="1 - 151" publicationUrl="10.1206/0003-0090(2007)304[1:TCGPRP]2.0.CO;2" refId="B24" refString="Liu, Z, Ronquist, F, Nordlander, G, 2007. The cynipoid genus Paramblynotus: revision, phylogeny, and historical biogeography (Hymenoptera, Liopteridae). Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 304: 1 - 151, 10.1206/0003-0090(2007)304[1:TCGPRP]2.0.CO;2" title="The cynipoid genus Paramblynotus: revision, phylogeny, and historical biogeography (Hymenoptera, Liopteridae)." url="10.1206/0003-0090(2007)304[1:TCGPRP]2.0.CO;2" volume="304" year="2007">Liu et al. (2007)</bibRefCitation>
as a reversal, since this
<pageBreakToken pageId="4" pageNumber="5" start="start">species-group</pageBreakToken>
is deeply nested within the
<taxonomicName authorityName="Cameron" authorityYear="1908" class="Hexapoda" family="Liopteridae" genus="Paramblynotus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Paramblynotus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
clade, and because an irregularly defined margin is a basal character state within the
<taxonomicName authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1802" genus="Cynipoidea" lsidName="" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" rank="genus">Cynipoidea</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation author="Liu, Z" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" pagination="1 - 151" publicationUrl="10.1206/0003-0090(2007)304[1:TCGPRP]2.0.CO;2" refId="B24" refString="Liu, Z, Ronquist, F, Nordlander, G, 2007. The cynipoid genus Paramblynotus: revision, phylogeny, and historical biogeography (Hymenoptera, Liopteridae). Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 304: 1 - 151, 10.1206/0003-0090(2007)304[1:TCGPRP]2.0.CO;2" title="The cynipoid genus Paramblynotus: revision, phylogeny, and historical biogeography (Hymenoptera, Liopteridae)." url="10.1206/0003-0090(2007)304[1:TCGPRP]2.0.CO;2" volume="304" year="2007">Liu et al. 2007</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="identification">
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Identification.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
Online interactive keys to genera of Afrotropical
<taxonomicName class="Hexapoda" family="Liopteridae" genus="Liopteridae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Liopteridae</taxonomicName>
are available at: http://www.waspweb.org/Cynipoidea/Keys/index.htm. A standard dichotomous key is also available online at this URL as well as in
<bibRefCitation author="Buffington, ML" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" pagination="1 - 154" publicationUrl="10.3897/zookeys.202.2136" refId="B7" refString="Buffington, ML, van Noort, S, 2012. Revision of the Afrotropical Oberthuerellinae (Cynipoidea, Liopteridae). ZooKeys 202: 1 - 154, 10.3897/zookeys.202.2136" title="Revision of the Afrotropical Oberthuerellinae (Cynipoidea, Liopteridae)." url="10.3897/zookeys.202.2136" volume="202" year="2012">Buffington and van Noort (2012)</bibRefCitation>
. Here we provide keys to the Afrotropical species-groups and
<taxonomicName authorityName="Cameron" authorityYear="1908" class="Hexapoda" family="Liopteridae" genus="Paramblynotus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Paramblynotus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species, which are also available on WaspWeb.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
The genus is represented in all biogeographical regions except for the Western Palaearctic and Australia (
<bibRefCitation author="Liu, Z" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" pagination="1 - 151" publicationUrl="10.1206/0003-0090(2007)304[1:TCGPRP]2.0.CO;2" refId="B24" refString="Liu, Z, Ronquist, F, Nordlander, G, 2007. The cynipoid genus Paramblynotus: revision, phylogeny, and historical biogeography (Hymenoptera, Liopteridae). Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 304: 1 - 151, 10.1206/0003-0090(2007)304[1:TCGPRP]2.0.CO;2" title="The cynipoid genus Paramblynotus: revision, phylogeny, and historical biogeography (Hymenoptera, Liopteridae)." url="10.1206/0003-0090(2007)304[1:TCGPRP]2.0.CO;2" volume="304" year="2007">Liu et al. 2007</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation author="Ronquist, F" journalOrPublisher="Entomologica Scandinavica Supplement" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" pagination="1 - 74" refId="B30" refString="Ronquist, F, 1995. Phylogeny and classification of the Liopteridae, an archaic group of cynipoid wasps (Hymenoptera). Entomologica Scandinavica Supplement 46: 1 - 74" title="Phylogeny and classification of the Liopteridae, an archaic group of cynipoid wasps (Hymenoptera)." volume="46" year="1995">Ronquist 1995</bibRefCitation>
). Three species-groups are present in the Afrotropical region: the
<taxonomicName class="Hexapoda" family="Liopteridae" genus="Paramblynotus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="trisetosus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Paramblynotus trisetosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName authorityName="Noort &amp; Buffington" authorityYear="2013" class="Hexapoda" family="Liopteridae" genus="Paramblynotus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="yangambicolus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Paramblynotus yangambicolus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species-groups (two of the seven species-groups recognized by
<bibRefCitation author="Liu, Z" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" pagination="1 - 151" publicationUrl="10.1206/0003-0090(2007)304[1:TCGPRP]2.0.CO;2" refId="B24" refString="Liu, Z, Ronquist, F, Nordlander, G, 2007. The cynipoid genus Paramblynotus: revision, phylogeny, and historical biogeography (Hymenoptera, Liopteridae). Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 304: 1 - 151, 10.1206/0003-0090(2007)304[1:TCGPRP]2.0.CO;2" title="The cynipoid genus Paramblynotus: revision, phylogeny, and historical biogeography (Hymenoptera, Liopteridae)." url="10.1206/0003-0090(2007)304[1:TCGPRP]2.0.CO;2" volume="304" year="2007">Liu et al. 2007</bibRefCitation>
), as well as the new species-group
<taxonomicName authorityName="van Noort &amp; Buffington" authorityYear="2013" class="Hexapoda" family="Liopteridae" genus="Paramblynotus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="seyrigi">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Paramblynotus seyrigi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
erected here, which are all endemic to the Afrotropical region.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="biology">
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Biology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
The type female of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Noort &amp; Buffington" authorityYear="2013" class="Hexapoda" family="Liopteridae" genus="Paramblynotus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="yangambicolus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Paramblynotus yangambicolus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was captured on a
<taxonomicName authorityName="S. Moore" authorityYear="1920" class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Drypetes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Geraniales" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="gossweileri">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Drypetes gossweileri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName genus="Euphorbiaceae" lsidName="" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" rank="genus">Euphorbiaceae</taxonomicName>
) log in Democratic Republic of Congo (Zaire) (
<bibRefCitation author="Benoit, PLG" journalOrPublisher="Revue de Zoologie et de Botanique Africaines" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" pagination="51 - 56" refId="B5" refString="Benoit, PLG, 1956. Liopteridae - Mesocynipinae nouveaux du Congo Belge (Hym.-Cynipoidea). Revue de Zoologie et de Botanique Africaines 53: 51 - 56" title="Liopteridae - Mesocynipinae nouveaux du Congo Belge (Hym. - Cynipoidea)." volume="53" year="1956">Benoit 1956</bibRefCitation>
). Two females of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Noort &amp; Buffington" authorityYear="2013" class="Hexapoda" family="Liopteridae" genus="Paramblynotus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="yangambicolus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Paramblynotus yangambicolus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from Uganda are labelled &quot;ex Coleoptera&quot;; two other females from Uganda are labeled &quot;ex Lepidoptera&quot; (
<bibRefCitation author="Ronquist, F" journalOrPublisher="Entomologica Scandinavica Supplement" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" pagination="1 - 74" refId="B30" refString="Ronquist, F, 1995. Phylogeny and classification of the Liopteridae, an archaic group of cynipoid wasps (Hymenoptera). Entomologica Scandinavica Supplement 46: 1 - 74" title="Phylogeny and classification of the Liopteridae, an archaic group of cynipoid wasps (Hymenoptera)." volume="46" year="1995">Ronquist 1995</bibRefCitation>
). In fact, no verified host records exist for
<taxonomicName class="Hexapoda" family="Liopteridae" genus="Liopteridae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Liopteridae</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation author="Buffington, ML" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" pagination="1 - 154" publicationUrl="10.3897/zookeys.202.2136" refId="B7" refString="Buffington, ML, van Noort, S, 2012. Revision of the Afrotropical Oberthuerellinae (Cynipoidea, Liopteridae). ZooKeys 202: 1 - 154, 10.3897/zookeys.202.2136" title="Revision of the Afrotropical Oberthuerellinae (Cynipoidea, Liopteridae)." url="10.3897/zookeys.202.2136" volume="202" year="2012">Buffington et al. 2012</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation author="Buffington, ML" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" pagination="1 - 154" publicationUrl="10.3897/zookeys.202.2136" refId="B7" refString="Buffington, ML, van Noort, S, 2012. Revision of the Afrotropical Oberthuerellinae (Cynipoidea, Liopteridae). ZooKeys 202: 1 - 154, 10.3897/zookeys.202.2136" title="Revision of the Afrotropical Oberthuerellinae (Cynipoidea, Liopteridae)." url="10.3897/zookeys.202.2136" volume="202" year="2012">Buffington and van Noort 2012</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="7" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="comments">
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Comments.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Cameron" authorityYear="1908" class="Hexapoda" family="Liopteridae" genus="Paramblynotus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Paramblynotus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species are rare in collections. With the exception of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Noort &amp; Buffington" authorityYear="2013" class="Hexapoda" family="Liopteridae" genus="Paramblynotus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="yangambicolus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Paramblynotus yangambicolus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(6F),
<taxonomicName authorityName="Liu, Ronquist &amp; Nordlander" authorityYear="2007" class="Hexapoda" family="Liopteridae" genus="Paramblynotus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fuscapiculus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Paramblynotus fuscapiculus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(14F),
<taxonomicName class="Hexapoda" family="Liopteridae" genus="Paramblynotus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="zairiensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Paramblynotus zairiensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(2F),
<taxonomicName authorityName="Liu, Ronquist &amp; Nordlander" authorityYear="2007" class="Hexapoda" family="Liopteridae" genus="Paramblynotus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kekenboschi">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Paramblynotus kekenboschi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(2F),
<taxonomicName authorityName="Liu, Ronquist &amp; Nordlander" authorityYear="2007" class="Hexapoda" family="Liopteridae" genus="Paramblynotus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jacksoni">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Paramblynotus jacksoni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(5F, 2M), and
<taxonomicName authorityName="Liu, Ronquist &amp; Nordlander" authorityYear="2007" class="Hexapoda" family="Liopteridae" genus="Paramblynotus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="scalptus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Paramblynotus scalptus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(2F, 1M) the remaining 19 African species of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Cameron" authorityYear="1908" class="Hexapoda" family="Liopteridae" genus="Paramblynotus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Paramblynotus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
treated by
<bibRefCitation author="Liu, Z" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" pagination="1 - 151" publicationUrl="10.1206/0003-0090(2007)304[1:TCGPRP]2.0.CO;2" refId="B24" refString="Liu, Z, Ronquist, F, Nordlander, G, 2007. The cynipoid genus Paramblynotus: revision, phylogeny, and historical biogeography (Hymenoptera, Liopteridae). Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 304: 1 - 151, 10.1206/0003-0090(2007)304[1:TCGPRP]2.0.CO;2" title="The cynipoid genus Paramblynotus: revision, phylogeny, and historical biogeography (Hymenoptera, Liopteridae)." url="10.1206/0003-0090(2007)304[1:TCGPRP]2.0.CO;2" volume="304" year="2007">Liu et al. (2007)</bibRefCitation>
were known from single specimens. The current revision is based on the examination of a further 65 specimens that have been recently collected or unearthed in existing collections.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
Key to species-groups of Afrotropical
<taxonomicName authorityName="Cameron" authorityYear="1908" class="Hexapoda" family="Liopteridae" genus="Paramblynotus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Paramblynotus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="5">http://www.waspweb.org/Cynipoidea/Liopteridae/Keys/index.htm</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<table inLine="true" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<tr pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<td colspan="1" isEmpty="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rowspan="1">
<pageBreakToken pageId="5" pageNumber="6" start="start">-</pageBreakToken>
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rowspan="1">https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/11696</td>
<td colspan="1" isEmpty="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rowspan="1">-</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<td colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rowspan="1">1</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rowspan="1">Mesoscutum smooth, shiny with only remnants of transverse costae. Median mesoscutal impression present, reaching halfway to anterior margin. The two scutellar foveae each with four subcarinae creating a transverse row of 10 longitudinally elongate subfoveae. Latero-ventral margin of pronotum angled where it meets lateral pronotal carina. F1 of antenna shorter than F2</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName authorityName="van Noort &amp; Buffington" authorityYear="2013" class="Hexapoda" family="Liopteridae" genus="Paramblynotus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="seyrigi">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Paramblynotus seyrigi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species-group (
<taxonomicName authorityName="van Noort &amp; Buffington" authorityYear="2013" class="Hexapoda" family="Liopteridae" genus="Paramblynotus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="seyrigi">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Paramblynotus seyrigi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. n.)
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<td colspan="1" isEmpty="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rowspan="1">-</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rowspan="1">https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/11697</td>
<td colspan="1" isEmpty="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rowspan="1">-</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<td colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rowspan="1">-</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rowspan="1">Mesoscutum foveate-reticulate, or transversely carinate with foveae set in rows, or with rough discontinuous transverse costae produced into irregularly raised and slightly backward pointing teeth. Median mesoscutal impression, if present, obscured by sculpture. Scutellar foveae usually two in number, or less frequently subdivided into a maximum of 6 subfoveae. Latero-ventral margin of pronotum evenly curved. F1 of antenna equal to or longer than F2</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rowspan="1">2</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<td colspan="1" isEmpty="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rowspan="1">-</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rowspan="1">https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/11698</td>
<td colspan="1" isEmpty="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rowspan="1">-</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<td colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rowspan="1">
<pageBreakToken pageId="6" pageNumber="7" start="start">2</pageBreakToken>
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rowspan="1">Pronotal crest gradually raised, medially forming a conspicuous slightly backward pointing ridge-like tooth. Mesoscutum with rough discontinuous transverse costae produced into irregularly raised and slightly backward pointing teeth. Speculum longitudinally costate. Median propodeal area not delimited by lateral propodeal carinae, posteriorly foveate-reticulate</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Noort &amp; Buffington" authorityYear="2013" class="Hexapoda" family="Liopteridae" genus="Paramblynotus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="yangambicolus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Paramblynotus yangambicolus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species-group
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<td colspan="1" isEmpty="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rowspan="1">-</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rowspan="1">https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/11699</td>
<td colspan="1" isEmpty="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rowspan="1">-</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<td colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rowspan="1">-</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rowspan="1">Pronotal crest flat. Mesoscutum foveate-reticulate or with continuous transverse carinae with foveae set in rows. Speculum smooth, rarely longitudinally costate. Median propodeal area distinctly delimited by lateral propodeal carinae, posteriorly not foveate-reticulate</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName class="Hexapoda" family="Liopteridae" genus="Paramblynotus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="trisetosus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Paramblynotus trisetosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species-group.
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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